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Swedish business executive (born 1973) Helena Helmersson Born Helena Helmersson 1973 (age 50–51) Nationality Swedish Occupation Business executive Organization(s) Former chief executive (2020-24), H&M (/wiki/H%26M) Helena Helmersson (born 1973) is a Swedish (/wiki/Sweden) former business executive (/wiki/Business_executive) . From 2010 to 2020, she was head of sustainability at the Swedish retail clothing company H&M (/wiki/H%26M) , [1] (#cite_note-umea-1) and from 2020 to 2024 she was its CEO (/wiki/CEO) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Early life [ edit ] Helmersson was born in Skellefteå (/wiki/Skellefte%C3%A5) in the north of Sweden along with her parents and two sisters. She graduated with a master's degree in international business administration from the Umeå School of Business and Economics (/wiki/Ume%C3%A5_University) in 1997. [1] (#cite_note-umea-1) Career [ edit ] Helmersson joined joined H&M in 1997. She became a section manager in the buying office before she went to Dhaka (/wiki/Dhaka) , Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) in 2007 where she was H&M's production manager. After a further period serving as their department manager for underwear production in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) . In 2010 when she returned to Stockholm (/wiki/Stockholm) to be manager for social responsibility (/wiki/Social_responsibility) and supply. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Helmersson's responsibilities covered the improvement of the social and environmental sustainability (/wiki/Environmental_sustainability) of supply, contributing to H&M's sustainability strategy which was initially implemented in the 1990s. [5] (#cite_note-5) In March 2014, Helmersson was listed as Sweden's "Most Powerful Woman in Business" by the weekly business magazine Veckans Affärer (/wiki/Veckans_Aff%C3%A4rer) . [1] (#cite_note-umea-1) In 2019, she received the "Influential Leader" recognition from the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) for influencing the way corporations view sustainability. [6] (#cite_note-6) She was appointed CEO of H&M on 30 January, 2020. During her tenure H&M faced financial challenges due to the Covid pandemic (/wiki/Covid_pandemic) [7] (#cite_note-7) and losses from disinvesting in Russia as a result of the Russo-Ukrainian war (/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war) as well as global supply chain difficulties and costs. [8] (#cite_note-8) On 31 January 2024, it was announced that Helmersson would be replaced as CEO of H&M by Daniel Ervér (/wiki/Daniel_Erv%C3%A9r) . [9] (#cite_note-ft-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) […]it has been very demanding at times for me personally and I now feel that it is time to leave the CEO role, which of course has not been an easy decision. — Helmersson [9] (#cite_note-ft-9) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Alumna from Umeå University is named most powerful woman in business" (http://www.umu.se/english/about-umu/news-events/news/newsdetailpage/alumna-from-umea-university-is-named-most-powerful-woman-in-business.cid231372) . Umeå University . Retrieved 11 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Stefan Persson lämnar som styrelseordförande i H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB vid årsstämman och föreslår att Karl-Johan Persson efterträder honom. Helena Helmersson har utsetts till ny vd" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200130071920/https://hmgroup.com/media/news-sv/financial-reports/2020/1/3552421.html) (in Swedish). 30 January 2020. Archived from the original (https://hmgroup.com/media/news-sv/financial-reports/2020/1/3552421.html) on 30 January 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Helena Helmersson: Chief Sustainability Officer, H&M" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/helena-helmersson) . Business of Fashion . Retrieved 11 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Speaker: Helena Helmersson" (https://2012-ny.bsr.org/en/speakers/view/helena-helmersson) . BSR . Retrieved 11 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Helena Helmersson: Head of Sustainability – H&M" (http://www.nordicfashionassociation.com/speaker/398) . Nordic Fashion Association . Retrieved 12 September 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Helena Helmersson | 2019 AACSB Influential Leader" (https://www.aacsb.edu/about-us/advocacy/member-spotlight/influential-leaders/2019/helena-helmersson) . www.aacsb.edu . Retrieved 2 February 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "H&M suffers steep loss as pandemic hits sales" (https://www.ft.com/content/6a8cd09d-8b50-4e62-bded-6672ec4dcffb) . FT. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "H&M profits tumble after Russia exit and soaring costs" (https://www.ft.com/content/96d71548-1267-4e31-8325-32e9d7377654) . FT. ^ a b Richard Milne (31 January 2023). "H&M chief quits as fashion chain struggles to lift profits" (https://www.ft.com/content/8c52115b-09b2-4232-8db7-c932d7fb43ff) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "H&M Replaces CEO With Immediate Effect As Sales And Stock Slump" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/markfaithfull/2024/01/31/hm-replaces-ceo-with-immediate-effect-as-sales-and-stock-slump/) . Forbes . 30 January 2020 . Retrieved 31 January 2024 . 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(Redirected from Cruelty-free cosmetics (/w/index.php?title=Cruelty-free_cosmetics&redirect=no) ) Parts of this article (those related to documentation) need to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( July 2022 ) Form of animal testing v t e Worldwide laws regarding testing cosmetics on animals Nationwide ban on all cosmetic testing on animals Partial ban on cosmetic testing on animals 1 Ban on the sale of cosmetics tested on animals No ban on any cosmetic testing on animals Unknown 1 some methods of testing are excluded from the ban or the laws vary within the country Part of a series (/wiki/Category:Animal_rights) on Animal rights Overview Animal welfare (/wiki/Animal_welfare) Around the world (/wiki/Animal_rights_by_country_or_territory) History (/wiki/History_of_animal_rights) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_animal_rights) Animal cruelty (/wiki/Cruelty_to_animals) Veganism (/wiki/Veganism) Vegetarianism (/wiki/Vegetarianism) Primate rights (/wiki/Great_Ape_Project) in research (/wiki/Great_ape_research_ban) Movement (/wiki/Animal_rights_movement) Advocates (/wiki/List_of_animal_rights_advocates) Vegans (/wiki/List_of_vegans) Vegetarians (/wiki/List_of_vegetarians) Groups 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(/wiki/Animal_protectionism) Carnism (/wiki/Carnism) Personism (/wiki/Personism) Sentiocentrism (/wiki/Sentiocentrism) Speciesism (/wiki/Speciesism) Related topics Cultured meat (/wiki/Cultured_meat) Environmentalism (/wiki/Environmentalism) Radical (/wiki/Radical_environmentalism) Deep ecology (/wiki/Deep_ecology) Humanism (/wiki/Humanism) Welfarism (/wiki/Welfarism) Animals portal (/wiki/Portal:Animals) v t e Animal testing (/wiki/Animal_testing) Main articles Animal testing (/wiki/Animal_testing) Alternatives to animal testing (/wiki/Alternatives_to_animal_testing) Animal testing regulations (/wiki/Animal_testing_regulations) History of animal testing (/wiki/History_of_animal_testing) History of model organisms (/wiki/History_of_model_organisms) IACUC (/wiki/Institutional_Animal_Care_and_Use_Committee) Laboratory animal sources (/wiki/Laboratory_animal_sources) Pain and suffering in laboratory animals (/wiki/Pain_and_suffering_in_laboratory_animals) Testing cosmetics on animals Toxicology testing (/wiki/Toxicology_testing) Vivisection (/wiki/Vivisection) Testing on Invertebrates (/wiki/Animal_testing_on_invertebrates) Frogs (/wiki/Animal_testing_on_frogs) Primates (/wiki/Animal_testing_on_non-human_primates) Rabbits (/wiki/Animal_testing_on_rabbits) Rodents (/wiki/Animal_testing_on_rodents) Issues Medical research (/wiki/Medical_research) Animal rights (/wiki/Animal_rights) Animal welfare (/wiki/Animal_welfare) Animals (Scientific Procedures) (/wiki/Animals_(Scientific_Procedures)_Act_1986) Great ape research ban (/wiki/Great_ape_research_ban) International primate trade (/wiki/International_primate_trade) Cases Brown Dog affair (/wiki/Brown_Dog_affair) Cambridge University primates (/wiki/Cambridge_University_primates) Pit of despair (/wiki/Pit_of_despair) Silver Spring monkeys (/wiki/Silver_Spring_monkeys) UCR 1985 laboratory raid (/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside_1985_laboratory_raid) Unnecessary Fuss (/wiki/Unnecessary_Fuss) Companies Jackson Laboratory (/wiki/Jackson_Laboratory) Charles River Laboratories (/wiki/Charles_River_Laboratories) Covance (/wiki/Covance) , Harlan (/wiki/Harlan_(company)) Huntingdon Life Sciences (/wiki/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences) UK lab animal suppliers (/wiki/Laboratory_animal_suppliers_in_the_United_Kingdom) Nafovanny (/wiki/Nafovanny) , Shamrock Farm (/wiki/Shamrock_Farm) Groups/campaigns AALAS (/wiki/American_Association_for_Laboratory_Animal_Science) AAAS (/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science) ALF (/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Front) Americans for Medical Progress (/wiki/Americans_for_Medical_Progress) Boyd Group (/wiki/Boyd_Group) Cruelty Free International (/wiki/Cruelty_Free_International) Dr. Hadwen Trust (/wiki/Dr._Hadwen_Trust) Foundation for Biomedical Research (/wiki/Foundation_for_Biomedical_Research) FRAME (/wiki/Fund_for_the_Replacement_of_Animals_in_Medical_Experiments) National Anti-Vivisection Society (/wiki/National_Anti-Vivisection_Society) New England Anti-Vivisection Society (/wiki/New_England_Anti-Vivisection_Society) PETA (/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals) Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine) Primate Freedom Project (/wiki/Primate_Freedom_Project) Pro-Test (/wiki/Pro-Test) SPEAK campaign (/wiki/SPEAK_campaign) SHAC (/wiki/Stop_Huntingdon_Animal_Cruelty) Speaking of Research (/wiki/Speaking_of_Research) Understanding Animal Research (/wiki/Understanding_Animal_Research) Writers/activists Tipu Aziz (/wiki/Tipu_Aziz) Michael Balls (/wiki/Michael_Balls) Neal D. Barnard (/wiki/Neal_D._Barnard) Colin Blakemore (/wiki/Colin_Blakemore) Simon Festing (/wiki/Simon_Festing) Gill Langley (/wiki/Gill_Langley) Ingrid Newkirk (/wiki/Ingrid_Newkirk) Bernard Rollin (/wiki/Bernard_Rollin) Jerry Vlasak (/wiki/Jerry_Vlasak) Syed Ziaur Rahman (/wiki/Syed_Ziaur_Rahman) Categories Animal testing (/wiki/Category:Animal_testing) Animal rights (/wiki/Category:Animal_rights) Animal welfare (/wiki/Category:Animal_welfare) v t e Cosmetic testing on animals is a type of animal testing (/wiki/Animal_testing) used to test the safety and hypoallergenic (/wiki/Hypoallergenic) properties of cosmetic (/wiki/Cosmetics) products for use by humans. Since this type of animal testing is often harmful to the animal subjects, it is opposed by animal rights (/wiki/Animal_rights) activists and others. Cosmetic animal testing is banned in many parts of the world, including Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) , the European Union (/wiki/European_Union) , the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) , India (/wiki/India) , [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-HSUS-2) and Norway (/wiki/Norway) . [3] (#cite_note-US_Bill-3) Cosmetics that have been produced without any testing on animals are sometimes known as " cruelty-free cosmetics ". [4] (#cite_note-FDA_cruelty-free-4) Some popular cruelty-free (/wiki/Cruelty-free) beauty brands include: E.L.F., Charlotte Tilbury, Farsali, Fenty Beauty, Fenty Skin, Glow Recipe and others. The website "Cruelty-Free Kitty" was created to assess which brands are cruelty-free. [5] (#cite_note-5) Furthermore, some brands have participated in animal testing in the past, however, if they currently do not test on animals, these cosmetics are considered "cruelty-free". [6] (#cite_note-6) Definition [ edit ] Using animal testing in the development of cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) may involve testing either a finished product or the individual ingredients of a finished product on animals, often rabbits (/wiki/Rabbit) , as well as mice (/wiki/Mice) , rats (/wiki/Rat) , monkeys (/wiki/Monkeys) , dogs (/wiki/Dogs) , guinea pigs (/wiki/Guinea_pigs) and other animals. Cosmetics can be defined as products applied to the body to enhance the body's appearance or to cleanse the body. This includes all hair products, makeup, and skin products. [7] (#cite_note-7) The United States Food and Drug Administration (/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration) (FDA) continues to endorse animal testing methods. [8] (#cite_note-aavs.org-8) Re-using existing test data obtained from previous animal testing is generally not considered to be cosmetic testing on animals; however, the acceptability of this to opponents of testing is inversely proportional to how recent the data is. Methods [ edit ] Methods of testing cosmetics on animals include various tests that are categorized differently based on which areas the cosmetics will be used for. One new ingredient in any cosmetic product used in these tests could lead to the deaths of at least 1,400 animals. [9] (#cite_note-9) Dermal penetration: Rats are mostly used in this method that analyzes chemical movement, through the penetration of the chemical into the bloodstream. Dermal penetration is a method that creates a better understanding of skin absorption. [8] (#cite_note-aavs.org-8) Skin sensitization: This is a method that tests for allergic reactions to different chemicals. In some tests, a chemical adjuvant is injected to boost the immune system, which was typically performed on guinea pigs. In some tests, no chemical adjuvant is injected with the test chemical, or the chemical is applied on a shaved patch of skin. The reaction is then recorded by the appearance of the skin afterward. [8] (#cite_note-aavs.org-8) Acute toxicity: This test is used to determine the danger of exposure to a chemical by mouth, skin, or inhalation. It shows the various dangerous effects of a substance that result from a short period of exposure. Large amounts of rats and mice are injected in Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) tests that continue until half of the test subjects die. Other tests can use a smaller number of animals but can cause convulsions, loss of motor function, and seizures. The animals are often then killed afterward to gather information about the internal effects of the chemicals. [8] (#cite_note-aavs.org-8) Draize test (/wiki/Draize_test) : This is a method of testing that may cause irritation or corrosion to the skin or eye on animals, dermal sensitization, airway sensitization, endocrine disruption, and LD (/wiki/Median_lethal_dose) 50 (which refers to the lethal dose which kills 50% of the treated animals). [8] (#cite_note-aavs.org-8) Skin corrosivity or irritation: This method of the test assesses the potential of a substance causing irreversible damage to the skin. It is typically performed on rabbits and involves putting chemicals on a shaved patch of skin. This determines the level of damage to the skin including itching, inflammation, swelling, etc. [8] (#cite_note-aavs.org-8) Alternatives [ edit ] A variety of alternatives exists to of animal testing. Cosmetics manufacturers who do not test on animals may use in vitro screens to test for endpoints that can determine the potential risk to humans with very high sensitivity and specificity. Companies such as CeeTox in the USA, acquired by Cyprotex, specialize in such testing and organizations like the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), PETA and many other organizations advocate the use of in vitro and other non-animal tests in the development of consumer products. Using safe ingredients from a list of 5,000 that have already been tested in conjunction with modern methods of cosmetics testing, the need for tests using animals is negated. [10] (#cite_note-10) EpiSkin, EpiDerm, SkinEthic and BioDEpi are lab-made reconstructed artificial human skin models that are non-animal alternative testing platforms with histological similarity with native skin tissues. Artificial skin can imitate the actual human skin, on which cosmetic products can be tested. For example, using UV light on EpiSkin can cause it to resemble older skin and adding melanocytes will turn the skin a darker color. This helped create a spectrum of different skin colors that are then used to compare the results of sunblock on a different variety of people. [11] (#cite_note-11) To address potential issues with other parts of the human body, research companies such as NOTOX have developed a synthetic model of the human liver, which is the main organ to detox the body, to test harmful ingredients and chemicals to see if the liver can detox those elements. [12] (#cite_note-12) Lab-grown tissues are now being used to test chemicals in makeup products. MatTek is one of the companies that do this. It sells small amounts of skin cells to companies to test their products on them. Some of these companies are those that make laundry detergent, makeup, toilet bowl cleaner, anti-aging creams, and tanning lotion. Without these tissues, companies would be testing their products on living animals. Lab-grown tissues are a great alternative to testing harmful products on animals. [13] (#cite_note-13) One lab was able to grow 11 different types of tissues in a petri dish. The downfall was that the tissues were not fully functional on their own, in fact, many of these tissues only resembled tiny parts of an actual-sized human organ, most of which were too small to transplant into humans. This technology could potentially be great, but it was a major downfall, 'Ministomachs that took about nine weeks to cultivate in a petri dish formed "oval-shaped, hollow structures". [14] (#cite_note-14) Research companies can also use body parts and organs taken from animals slaughtered for the meat industry (/wiki/Meat_industry) to perform tests such as the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test and Isolated Chicken Eye Test. [15] (#cite_note-15) Many companies have not made the switch to cruelty-free yet for many reasons, one of them being the time it takes for lab-grown tissues to be useable. Animals, on the other hand, can mature quickly. Rats, for example, have a much quicker growth rate "From birth to adult, rats take about three weeks to mature and begin fending for themselves. The rodents reach sexual maturity in about five weeks and begin mating soon after to produce the next generation to start the rat life cycle over again". [ citation needed ] On top of the extremely short time it takes a rat to mature, they can provide us with a complete set of organ systems, not just a paper-thin sheet of cells. Rats can also reproduce, and they do so at a very fast pace "In general, rats produce about seven offspring per litter and can reach up to 14 at times. Typical gestation periods last only a few weeks, allowing each female rat to produce around five litters a year". [ citation needed ] History [ edit ] The first known tests on animals were done as early as 300 BC. "Writings of ancient civilizations all document the use of animal testing. These civilizations, led by men like Aristotle and Erasistratus, used live animals to test various medical procedures". [16] (#cite_note-16) This testing was important because it led to new discoveries such as how blood circulated and the fact that living beings needed air to survive. The idea of taking an animal and comparing it to how human beings survived was a completely new idea. It would not have existed (at least not as quickly as it did) without our ancestors studying animals and how their bodies worked. "Proving the germ theory of disease was the crowning achievement of the French scientist Louis Pasteur. He was not the first to propose that diseases were caused by microscopic organisms, but the view was controversial in the 19th century and opposed the accepted theory of 'spontaneous generation'". [17] (#cite_note-17) The idea of germs and other microscopic organisms was an entirely new idea and would not have come to be without the use of animals. In 1665, scientists Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovered and studied how germs worked. They published a book about their discovery, which was not accepted by very many people, including the science community, at first. After some time, scientists were able to give animals diseases from microbes and realized that microbes really did exist. From there, they were able to use animals to understand how the disease worked, and the effects it could potentially have on the human body. All of this has led up to something a bit more recent, the use of animals to test beauty products. This has become a very controversial topic in recent years. There are various people who are extremely against the use of animals for this purpose, and for a good reason. "Typically, animal tests for cosmetics include skin and eye irritation tests where chemicals are rubbed onto the shaved skin or dripped into the eyes of rabbits; repeated oral force-feeding studies lasting weeks or months to look for signs of general illness or specific health hazards, such as cancer or birth defects; and even widely condemned "lethal dose" tests, in which animals are forced to swallow massive amounts of a test chemical to determine the dose that causes death". [18] (#cite_note-18) This kind of testing can be vital in finding important information about products, but can be harmful to the animals it is tested on. In 1937, a mistake was made that ended up changing the pharmaceutical industry drastically. A company created a medicine ( elixir sulfanilamide (/wiki/Elixir_sulfanilamide) ) "to treat streptococcal infections", and without any scientific research the medicine was out on shelves. [19] (#cite_note-:1-19) This medicine turned out to be extremely poisonous to people, leading to large poisoning outbreaks followed by over 100 deaths. [19] (#cite_note-:1-19) This epidemic led to a law being passed in 1938, called the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (/wiki/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act) , enforcing more rigorous guidelines on cosmetic products. [19] (#cite_note-:1-19) After this law was passed, companies looked to animals to test their products, in turn, creating the first encounters of cosmetic animal testing. Non-profit organizations [ edit ] This "Leaping Bunny" indicates that cosmetic products with this logo have not been tested on animals. Cruelty Free International: Cruelty Free International and its partners manage the certification of all the companies across the world looking to be cruelty-free. Companies producing beauty and household products which do not test their products on animals for any market can request membership of The Leaping Bunny Program , which allows that company to feature Cruelty Free International (/wiki/Cruelty_Free_International) 's Leaping Bunny logo on their products. This program sets global standard of operations and sales. Companies headquartered internationally can obtain certification from Cruelty Free International. [20] (#cite_note-20) Companies headquartered in the United States and Canada can obtain certification from The Coalition for Consumer Information on Cosmetics (CCIC). [21] (#cite_note-21) In 2013, over 500 companies were certified. [22] (#cite_note-22) However, some companies' certifications were revoked after it was discovered they continued to test on animals in Asia. [23] (#cite_note-23) Humane Society International: This is a global animal protection organization that works to help all animals—including animals in laboratories. [24] (#cite_note-24) This organization promotes human-animal interaction to tackle the existence of all cruelty that innocent animals experience. PETA: PETA certifies (/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals#Labels) cosmetics and beauty products as free from animal testing, or as "cruelty-free" (free from animal testing and also vegan). [25] (#cite_note-25) Procedures of animal testing [ edit ] See also: Three Rs (animal research) (/wiki/Three_Rs_(animal_research)) There is a strategy used in animal testing laboratories titled the 'Three R's:' Reduction, refinement, and replacement' (Doke, "Alternatives to Animal Testing: A Review"). Replacement: This provides the opportunity to study the response of cellular models, but in other words, replacement searches for alternatives that could be done rather than testing on animal subjects. [ citation needed ] Reduction: This approach is built upon the ethics to have a minimal number of animal subjects being tested on for current and later tests. Refinement: This suggests that the planned distress and pain caused to an animal subject be as little as possible. This approach focuses on making a home for the animals before entering testing grounds to elongate the life of laboratory animals. Discomfort in animals causes an imbalance in hormonal levels which creates fluctuating results during testing. Legal requirements and status [ edit ] This section needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( December 2015 ) Due to the strong public backlash against cosmetic testing on animals, most cosmetic manufacturers say their products are not tested on animals. However, they are still required by trading standards and consumer protection (/wiki/Consumer_protection) laws in most countries to show their products are not toxic and not dangerous to public health. They also need to show that the ingredients are not dangerous in large quantities, such as when in transport or in the manufacturing plant. In some countries, it is possible to meet these requirements without any further tests on animals. Other countries, may require animal testing to meet legal requirements. The United States and Japan are frequently criticized for their insistence on stringent safety measures, which often require animal testing. Some retailers distinguish themselves in the marketplace by their stance on animal testing. Legal requirements in Japan [ edit ] Although Japanese law does not require non-medicated cosmetics to be tested on animals, it does not prohibit it either, leaving the decision to individual companies. [26] (#cite_note-hsi.org-26) Animal testing is required when the product contains newly-developed tar colours , ultraviolet ray protective ingredients or preservatives, and when the amount of any ingredient regulated in terms of how much can be added is increased. [27] (#cite_note-27) Japanese brands such as Shiseido and Mandom have ended much, but not all, of their animal testing. However, most other leading cosmetics companies in Japan still test on animals. [26] (#cite_note-hsi.org-26) [28] (#cite_note-28) [29] (#cite_note-29) Jurisdictions with bans [ edit ] Brazil, São Paulo [ edit ] São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo) in Brazil banned cosmetic animal testing in 2014. [30] (#cite_note-Sao_Paulo-30) Canada [ edit ] In June 2023, the Government of Canada (/wiki/Government_of_Canada) banned the testing of cosmetics on animals, and the sale of cosmetics tested on animals. Amendments to the Food and Drugs Act (/wiki/Food_and_Drugs_Act) to end cosmetic animal testing through Bill C-47, the Budget Implementation Act, 2023, No. 1, went into effect on December 22, 2023. [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) Colombia [ edit ] In June 2020, the Senate of the Republic of Colombia (/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia) approved a resolution banning the commercialization and testing of cosmetics on animals. [33] (#cite_note-33) In August 2020, presidential assent was granted to the resolution, thus effectively banning the testing of cosmetics on animals in Colombia. [34] (#cite_note-34) European Union [ edit ] The European Union (EU) followed suit, after it agreed to phase in a near-total ban on the sale of animal-tested cosmetics throughout the EU from 2009, and to ban cosmetics-related animal testing. [35] (#cite_note-Euro-35) Animal testing is regulated in EC Regulation 1223/2009 on cosmetics (/wiki/EC_Regulation_1223/2009_on_cosmetics#Restrictions_for_hazardous_ingredients_and_animal_testing) . Imported cosmetics ingredients tested on animals were phased out for EU consumer markets in 2013 by the ban, [35] (#cite_note-Euro-35) but can still be sold to outside of the EU. [36] (#cite_note-Rhiannon-36) Norway banned cosmetics animal testing at the same time as the EU. [37] (#cite_note-37) In May 2018, the European Parliament voted for the EU and its Member States to work towards a UN convention against the use of animal testing for cosmetics. [38] (#cite_note-38) European Free Trade Association [ edit ] The four EFTA countries that are not in the EU, i.e. Norway, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Iceland, also banned cosmetic testing. [39] (#cite_note-39) Guatemala [ edit ] In 2017, Guatemala banned cosmetic animal testing. [40] (#cite_note-40) India [ edit ] In early 2014, India announced a ban on testing cosmetics on animals in the country, thereby becoming the second country in Asia to do so. [41] (#cite_note-India-41) Later India banned import of cosmetics tested on animals in November 2014. [42] (#cite_note-Mohan_2014-42) Israel [ edit ] Israel banned "the import and marketing of cosmetics, toiletries, or detergents that were tested on animals" in 2013. [43] (#cite_note-Israel-43) New Zealand [ edit ] In 2015, New Zealand also banned animal testing. [44] (#cite_note-44) However, the ban on testing cosmetics on animals was unlikely to lead to products being stripped from shelves in New Zealand, as around 90 percent of cosmetic products sold in New Zealand were made overseas. [45] (#cite_note-45) Taiwan [ edit ] In 2015, Taiwan launched a bill proposing a ban on cosmetic testing on animals. [46] (#cite_note-46) It passed in 2016 and went into effect in 2019. [47] (#cite_note-effect2019-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) Shortly before the ban went into effect on 9 November 2019, however, it was noted that most Taiwan cosmetic companies already did not experiment with animals. [47] (#cite_note-effect2019-47) Turkey [ edit ] Turkey "banned any animal testing for cosmetic products that have already been introduced to the market." [49] (#cite_note-49) UK [ edit ] Animal testing on cosmetics or their ingredients was banned in the UK in 1998. [50] (#cite_note-50) Jurisdictions where prohibitions are considered [ edit ] Association of Southeast Asian Nations [ edit ] The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations) (ASEAN) is potentially "making strides toward ending cosmetics testing on animals." [3] (#cite_note-US_Bill-3) Australia [ edit ] In Australia, the End Cruel Cosmetics Bill was introduced to Parliament in March 2014, which would ban local testing, which generally does not happen there, and importation of cosmetics tested on animals. [51] (#cite_note-Aus-51) In 2016 a bill was passed to ban the sale of cosmetics tested on animals, which came into effect in July 2017. [52] (#cite_note-52) United States [ edit ] In March 2014, the Humane Cosmetics Act (/wiki/Humane_Cosmetics_Act) was introduced to the U.S. Congress (/wiki/U.S._Congress) . It would ban cosmetic testing on animals and eventually would ban the sale of cosmetics tested on animals. [3] (#cite_note-US_Bill-3) The bill did not advance. Similar bills have been introduced and passed at the state level, and testing cosmetics on animals has been banned in ten US states (/wiki/US_states) as of 2023: California (/wiki/California) , Nevada (/wiki/Nevada) , Illinois (/wiki/Illinois) , Hawaii (/wiki/Hawaii) , Maryland (/wiki/Maryland) , Maine (/wiki/Maine) , New Jersey (/wiki/New_Jersey) , Virginia (/wiki/Virginia) , Louisiana (/wiki/Louisiana) , and New York (/wiki/New_York_(state)) . [53] (#cite_note-53) Mexico [ edit ] On 19 March 2020, the Mexican Senate unanimously passed legislation banning testing cosmetics on animals. [54] (#cite_note-54) The proposed ban now awaits approval from the lower house of the Mexican Congress, the Mexican Chamber of Deputies. [55] (#cite_note-55) South Korea [ edit ] South Korea is also potentially "making strides toward ending cosmetics testing on animals." [3] (#cite_note-US_Bill-3) Other statuses [ edit ] China [ edit ] China passed a law on 30 June 2014 to eliminate the requirement for animal testing of cosmetics. Though domestically-produced ordinary cosmetic goods do not require testing, animal testing is still mandated by law for Chinese-made "cosmeceuticals" (cosmetic goods which make a functional claim) which are available for sale in China. Cosmetics intended solely for export are exempt from the animal testing requirement. [56] (#cite_note-56) As of March 2019, post-market testing (i.e. tests on cosmetics after they hit the market) for finished imported and domestically produced cosmetic products will no longer require animal testing. [57] (#cite_note-57) Chinese law was further amended in April 2020, fully dropping all remaining mandatory animal testing requirements for all cosmetics - both locally produced and imported, instead creating a regulatory 'preference' for non-animal based testing methods in the safety certification of cosmetic products. [58] (#cite_note-58) [59] (#cite_note-59) Russia [ edit ] In 2013, the Russian Ministry of Health stated "Toxicological testing is performed by means of testing for skin allergic reaction or test on mucous tissue (/wiki/Mucous_tissue) /eye area (with use of lab animals) or by use of alternative general toxicology methods (IN VITRO). In this manner the technical regulations include measures which provide an alternative to animal testing". [60] (#cite_note-Russia-60) See also [ edit ] Animal testing on invertebrates (/wiki/Animal_testing_on_invertebrates) Animal testing on non-human primates (/wiki/Animal_testing_on_non-human_primates) Animal testing on rodents (/wiki/Animal_testing_on_rodents) Cosmetics (/wiki/Cosmetics) Veterinary ethics (/wiki/Veterinary_ethics) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Engebretson, Monica (23 July 2013). "India Joins the EU and Israel in Surpassing the US in Cruelty-Free Cosmetics Testing Policy" (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/cruelty-free-cosmetics-testing_b_3605460) . HuffPost . Retrieved 6 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-HSUS_2-0) Fox, Stacy (10 March 2014). "Animal Attraction: Federal Bill to End Cosmetics Testing on Animals Introduced in Congress" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140311022116/http://www.khou.com/community/blogs/animal-attraction/Animal-Attraction---249254631.html) (Press release). Humane Society of the United States. Archived from the original (http://www.khou.com/community/blogs/animal-attraction/Animal-Attraction---249254631.html) on 11 March 2014. ^ a b c d "Cruelty Free International Applauds Congressman Jim Moran for Bill to End Cosmetics Testing on Animals in the United States" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140318031816/https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/05/bc-cfi-idUSnPnpHM6w1%2B98%2BPRN20140305) (Press release). 5 March 2014. Archived from the original (https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/05/bc-cfi-idUSnPnpHM6w1+98+PRN20140305) on 18 March 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-FDA_cruelty-free_4-0) " (https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-labeling-claims/cruelty-freenot-tested-animals) "Cruelty-Free"/"Not Tested on Animals" (https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-labeling-claims/cruelty-freenot-tested-animals) " (https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-labeling-claims/cruelty-freenot-tested-animals) . US Food and Drugs Administration. September 2020 . 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German fashion designer Leyla Piedayesh Born 1970 (age 53–54) Tehran (/wiki/Tehran) , Iran Occupation Fashion designer Known for Lala Berlin label Website lalaberlin (https://lalaberlin.com) .com (https://lalaberlin.com) Leyla Piedayesh (born 1970) is an Iranian-born German fashion designer and founder of the Lala Berlin fashion label. She was born in Teheran (/wiki/Tehran) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] Piedayesh founded Lala Berlin in 2004, originally as a knitwear brand. The line expanded to include a full range of fashion for women, including accessories and knit jackets. [2] (#cite_note-2) The first boutique shop was opened in 2006. In 2007, the label was nominated for the New Generation Award at Merceds-Benz Fashion Week. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) Piedayesh's designs are now available globally in more than 60 stores. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Her lala Berlin company is 100% female. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Piedayesh has shown Lala Berlin several times during Copenhagen Fashion Week. [6] (#cite_note-6) Before becoming a full-time designer, Piedayesh was an editor of the Designerama television segment for MTV (/wiki/MTV) Berlin. [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) In 2015, she was a judge of the Designer Nest Awards during Copenhagen fashion week (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2017, as part of International Women's Day (/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day) , Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) honored 17 contemporary and historical female role models. Piedayesh became the first German to have a Barbie created in her image. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Honigman, Ana Finel (21 January 2014). "Meet Germany's Answer to Isabel Marant" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-designers/leyla-piedayesh-designer-interview) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 3 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Sharp, Beccy (23 December 2011). "Fashion interview: Leyla Piedayesh" (https://www.exberliner.com/articles/leyla-piedayesh/) . EXBERLINER.com . Retrieved 3 March 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Interview with fashion designer Leyla Piedayesh" (https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/she/career-and-entrepreneurship/leyla-piedayesh-creative-director-founder-of-lala-berlin/) . www.mercedes-benz.com . Retrieved 3 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Leyla Piedayesh Photos Photos: MBFW Berlin - Karstadt New Generation Award - Show" (https://www.zimbio.com/photos/Leyla+Piedayesh/MBFW+Berlin+Karstadt+New+Generation+Award/bv2NGHVbXhd) . Zimbio . Retrieved 3 March 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b "The Brander" (https://www.thebrander.com/en/fashion/lala-berlin) . www.thebrander.com . Retrieved 3 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Lala Berlin" (https://copenhagenfashionweek.com/designer/lala-berlin/) . Copenhagen Fashion Week . Retrieved 3 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Designers Nest Award 2015 - Vogue.it" (https://www.vogue.it/talents/concorsi-e-altro/2015/02/designers-nest-award) . www.vogue.it (in Italian) . Retrieved 3 March 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Drier, Melissa (8 March 2018). "Lala Berlin's Leyla Piedayesh Is First German Barbie Shero Honoree" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/lala-berlins-leyla-piedayesh-is-first-german-barbie-shero-honoree-1202623898/) . WWD . Retrieved 3 March 2020 . This article about a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Canada portal (/wiki/Portal:Canada) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This is a container category (/wiki/Category:Container_categories) . Due to its scope, it should contain only subcategories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Subcategorization) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐jxx9g Cached time: 20240720145311 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.098 seconds Real time usage: 0.123 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 67/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2954/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 107/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.066/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933043/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 105.941 1 -total 53.89% 57.087 1 Template:Portal 45.93% 48.660 1 Template:Container_category 39.97% 42.341 1 Template:Cmbox 4.10% 4.339 1 Template:Single_namespace 2.13% 2.261 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69581698-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720145311 and revision id 1191161340. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total. + Canadian female models by province or territory (/wiki/Category:Canadian_female_models_by_province_or_territory) (4 C) A Models from Alberta (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Alberta) (1 C, 1 P) B Models from British Columbia (/wiki/Category:Models_from_British_Columbia) (1 C, 1 P) O Models from Ontario (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Ontario) (1 C, 1 P) Q Models from Quebec (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Quebec) (2 C) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Canadian_models_by_province_or_territory&oldid=1191161340 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Canadian_models_by_province_or_territory&oldid=1191161340) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Canadian models (/wiki/Category:Canadian_models) Canadian people by occupation and province or territory (/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_by_occupation_and_province_or_territory) Hidden category: Container categories (/wiki/Category:Container_categories)
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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is for fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) from the African country of Togo (/wiki/Togo) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7cc58db9dc‐brdkf Cached time: 20240709081146 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.059 seconds Real time usage: 0.077 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1919/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 58/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1367/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.032/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 805710/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 65.273 1 -total 79.15% 51.665 1 Template:Portal 20.58% 13.431 1 Template:Category_explanation 17.77% 11.596 1 Template:Hatnote Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:77317079-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709081146 and revision id 1233475961. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Togolese fashion designers" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Kavsokl Batoka (/wiki/Kavsokl_Batoka) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Togolese_fashion_designers&oldid=1233475961 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Togolese_fashion_designers&oldid=1233475961) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden category: Portal templates with redlinked portals (/wiki/Category:Portal_templates_with_redlinked_portals)
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1997 (/wiki/Category:1997_clothing) 1998 1999 (/wiki/Category:1999_clothing) 2000 (/wiki/Category:2000_clothing) 2001 (/wiki/Category:2001_clothing) 2002 2003 2004 (/wiki/Category:2004_clothing) 2005 2006 (/wiki/Category:2006_clothing) 2007 (/wiki/Category:2007_clothing) 1950s (/wiki/Category:1950s_clothing) 1960s (/wiki/Category:1960s_clothing) 1970s 1980s (/wiki/Category:1980s_clothing) 1990s (/wiki/Category:1990s_clothing) 2000s (/wiki/Category:2000s_clothing) 2010s (/wiki/Category:2010s_clothing) 2020s (/wiki/Category:2020s_clothing) 2030s 2040s 2050s NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐x2gmm Cached time: 20240719054529 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.124 seconds Real time usage: 0.232 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 142/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3912/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 105/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 29/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5517/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.091/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 976283/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 223.330 1 -total 65.85% 147.071 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_decades_below_year 31.12% 69.508 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 29.08% 64.952 1 Template:Category_other 28.32% 63.243 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 2.13% 4.749 2 Template:Title_year 0.79% 1.767 1 Template:DECADE 0.74% 1.650 1 Template:Template_other 0.66% 1.480 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55170359-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719054529 and revision id 982830629. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "2002 clothing" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . E Elie Saab net dress of Halle Berry (/wiki/Elie_Saab_net_dress_of_Halle_Berry) G Giant shoes of Marikina (/wiki/Giant_shoes_of_Marikina) R Red Ben de Lisi dress of Kate Winslet (/wiki/Red_Ben_de_Lisi_dress_of_Kate_Winslet) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2002_clothing&oldid=982830629 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:2002_clothing&oldid=982830629) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by year (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_year) 2002 works (/wiki/Category:2002_works) 2000s clothing (/wiki/Category:2000s_clothing) Hidden categories: Category series navigation year and decade (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_year_and_decade) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Some of this article's listed sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) may not be reliable (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. ( July 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Jhumka , originally Jimmikkis , are a style of earring (/wiki/Earring) worn by women of the Indian subcontinent (/wiki/Indian_subcontinent) . [1] (#cite_note-UTC-1) Under the Mughal Empire (/wiki/Mughal_Empire) , the Kharanphool jhumka evolved into a single jewel, still maintaining its bell shape. Previously, the Kharanphool referred to the bejeweled round disc on the ear (the name itself meaning "flower for the ear"), and the jhumki referred to the bell shaped jewelry at the bottom of the piece. [1] (#cite_note-UTC-1) The jhumka have maintained their status throughout history in India (/wiki/India) , Pakistan (/wiki/Pakistan) , and Bangladesh (/wiki/Bangladesh) as coveted earrings. The origin of this popular earring style can be traced back to ancient Chola (/wiki/Chola) Tamil (/wiki/Tamils) temple statues (which make them as old as 300s BCE). [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b Jagannathan, Shakunthala. "Traditional jewelry of Bharat" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180804140905/https://www.utc.edu/faculty/sarla-murgai/traditional-jewelry-of-india.php) . University of Chattanooga . Archived from the original (https://www.utc.edu/faculty/sarla-murgai/traditional-jewelry-of-india.php) on 4 August 2018 . Retrieved 19 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Tracing the Evolution of the Jhumka" (https://www.naturaldiamonds.com/in/style-innovation/history-evolution/history-of-jhumka-earrings/) . 27 May 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Throwback to the history behind jhumka earrings!" (https://www.sayeza.com/blogs/news/throwback-to-the-history-behind-jhumka-earrings) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Everything You Need to Know About Jhumka Earrings" (https://www.eindiawholesale.com/blog/post/everything-you-need-to-know-about-jhumka-earrings.html) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jhumka (earring style) (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jhumka_(earring_style)) . This article related to Rajasthan (/wiki/Rajasthan) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhumka_(earring_style)&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐mxv84 Cached time: 20240720172752 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.242 seconds Real time usage: 0.333 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 657/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16538/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 701/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22035/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.164/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3903825/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 293.064 1 -total 31.97% 93.695 1 Template:Reflist 27.60% 80.883 4 Template:Cite_web 21.47% 62.908 1 Template:Rajasthan-stub 20.27% 59.412 1 Template:Asbox 17.54% 51.404 1 Template:Unreliable_sources 16.89% 49.508 1 Template:Ambox 16.31% 47.798 1 Template:Commons_category 15.63% 45.807 1 Template:Sister_project 15.05% 44.099 1 Template:Side_box Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:64587079-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720172752 and revision id 1223395310. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhumka_(earring_style)&oldid=1223395310 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jhumka_(earring_style)&oldid=1223395310) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Jewellery of India (/wiki/Category:Jewellery_of_India) Bareilly (/wiki/Category:Bareilly) Jewellery of Pakistan (/wiki/Category:Jewellery_of_Pakistan) Rajasthan stubs (/wiki/Category:Rajasthan_stubs) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from May 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2022) EngvarB from May 2022 (/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_May_2022) Articles lacking reliable references from July 2020 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_July_2020) All articles lacking reliable references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references) Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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South African fashion entrepreneur Precious Moloi-Motsepe Moloi-Motsepe in 2019 Chancellor of the University of Cape Town (/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town#Organisation) Incumbent (/wiki/Incumbent) Assumed office 1 January 2020 Vice-Chancellor Mamokgethi Phakeng (/wiki/Mamokgethi_Phakeng) Preceded by Graca Machel (/wiki/Graca_Machel) Personal details Born Precious Moloi ( 1962-08-02 ) 2 August 1962 (age 61) Soweto (/wiki/Soweto) , South Africa Spouse Patrice Motsepe (/wiki/Patrice_Motsepe) ( m. 1989) Children 3 Education Wits University (/wiki/Wits_University) (MBBCh; 1987) Occupation Businesswoman, philanthropist and medical doctor Known for Founder of the African Fashion International Website https://motsepefoundation.org (https://motsepefoundation.org) Precious Moloi-Motsepe (born 2 August 1962) [1] (#cite_note-1) is a South African philanthropist and fashion entrepreneur. One of the richest women in South Africa, [2] (#cite_note-2) she started her career as a medical practitioner, specializing in children and women's health. In September 2019 she was elected Chancellor of the University of Cape Town (/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town) , succeeding Graça Machel (/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Machel) , and beginning her ten-year term on 1 January. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2007, she established African Fashion International, [4] (#cite_note-4) an events, fashion and lifestyle company to promote pan-African designers to international audiences, and endorse the African fashion industry as a pathway to economic development for young people and women. In 2013, she joined the Giving Pledge (/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge) with her husband, committing to give half of their family wealth to charitable causes. [5] (#cite_note-5) In the same year she was on the inaugural cover of Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) Women Africa [6] (#cite_note-6) and has since been listed as of the 50 most powerful women on the continent by Forbes Magazine Africa. [7] (#cite_note-7) She is a regular delegate to the World Economic Forum (/wiki/World_Economic_Forum) held in Davos, [8] (#cite_note-8) as well as a member of the Harvard Kennedy School (/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School) Women's Leadership Board. [9] (#cite_note-9) She is a member of the Advisory Board for the Milken Institute's Center for Strategic Philanthropy [10] (#cite_note-10) and the Harvard University Global Advisory Council. [11] (#cite_note-11) Early life and education [ edit ] Born in Soweto (/wiki/Soweto) , one of five siblings, her father was a teacher and her mother a nurse [12] (#cite_note-award-12) She attended Wits University (/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand) where she graduated with an MBBCh degree in 1987 [13] (#cite_note-13) and worked in the United States at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond from 1991 to 1992. [14] (#cite_note-14) Upon her return to South Africa, she pursued a diploma in child health from the University of the Witwatersrand (/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand) , and a diploma in women's health from Stellenbosch University (/wiki/Stellenbosch_University) . [15] (#cite_note-15) In 1989, she married Patrice Motsepe (/wiki/Patrice_Motsepe) , a lawyer who was also brought up in Soweto. Forbes Magazine Africa estimated her family's wealth at US$3 billion and noted that they were South Africa's wealthiest black couple. [16] (#cite_note-16) She is of Sotho (/wiki/Tswana_people) descent. Career [ edit ] In 1993 she opened a women's health clinic in Rivonia, Johannesburg. [17] (#cite_note-17) From 2002 until 2007 she served as President of the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA), earning her the Elizabeth Tshabalala Award for her cancer awareness efforts in 2012. [18] (#cite_note-18) Philanthropy [ edit ] She cofounded the Motsepe Foundation with her husband in 1999, with a mission to contribute towards eradicating poverty and to sustainably improve the living conditions and standards of living of poor, unemployed and marginalized people in South Africa, Africa and the world. [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2002 she took over its leadership as Chief Executive Officer [20] (#cite_note-20) and leads five main programmes: education and leadership; gender equality; community development; sport, music and arts; and social cohesion. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 2012, she spearheaded the Gender Responsive Budget Initiative, advocating for reviews and analysis of national plans and budgets to ensure that the needs of women are specifically and equally addressed. [22] (#cite_note-22) The Gender Responsive Budget Initiative has since been adopted by the South African parliament (/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa) . [23] (#cite_note-23) In 2015, she and her husband were honored by the Keep a Child Alive Foundation for their efforts addressing the issues of social and economic inequality (/wiki/Economic_inequality) of Africa's poorest people, and for their generous support of HIV and AIDS (/wiki/HIV/AIDS) initiatives over the years. [24] (#cite_note-24) In 2017 she published The Precious Little Black Book to empower South African women with information about their rights, health and economic empowerment. [25] (#cite_note-25) Following this, she took over the reins from Melinda Gates (/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates) as co-chair of the global women's philanthropic organization Maverick Collective in 2018. [26] (#cite_note-26) In 2020, she donated R5 million to the University of Cape Town through the Motsepe Foundation. The donation, made at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) , was allocated to assist with university sustainability, as well as the procurement of laptops and data for students to resume learning remotely. [27] (#cite_note-27) In 2021, she donated a further R2 million to the University of Cape Town through the Motsepe Foundation, to assist students who completed their studies but were unable to graduate and receive their degree certificates because of student debt (/wiki/Student_debt) . [28] (#cite_note-28) In 2023, through the Motsepe Foundation, she extended her support to all 26 South African universities through a R30 million donation for student registration, fees and historical debt. [29] (#cite_note-29) Business [ edit ] In 2007, she conceptualised African Fashion International (AFI) as a socially conscious, luxury African fashion platform [30] (#cite_note-30) that will propel pan-African designers into international markets and create opportunities for job creation along the supply chain. [31] (#cite_note-31) AFI is best known for its world-class fashion and lifestyle events production and has since grown into the luxury e-commerce sector as purveyors of unique fashion and accessories from Africa and the diaspora (/wiki/African_diaspora) . [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) Becoming the first fashion week platform on the continent sponsored by Mercedes Benz (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz) , the front row of AFI Fashion Week has been graced by Suzy Menkes (/wiki/Suzy_Menkes) of Condé Nast International (/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast) and Fern Mallis (/wiki/Fern_Mallis) of New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [34] (#cite_note-34) In 2017, she was the first recipient of the Franca Sozzani (/wiki/Franca_Sozzani) Award at the United Nations (/wiki/United_Nations) in New York for her efforts to promote African designers through her firm and support the empowerment of disadvantaged women. [35] (#cite_note-35) In 2022 she was selected to join the BOF Global Fashion Leader Index. [36] (#cite_note-36) She is an advisor to the Copenhagen Global Fashion Agenda Summit, promoting sustainable investments in fashion; the only representative from Africa. [37] (#cite_note-37) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "AFI Official FB-page wishes founder Dr Precious Motsepe a Happy Birthday" (https://m.facebook.com/login.php?next=https%3A%2F%2Fm.facebook.com%2Fstory%2Fgraphql_permalink%2F%3Fgraphql_id%3DUzpfSTEwNTM3NDEyMDE3OTpWSzoxMDE1NjMxODc2ODg3NTE4MA%253D%253D&refsrc=https%3A%2F%2Fm.facebook.com%2Fstory%2Fgraphql_permalink%2F&_rdr) . m.facebook.com . Retrieved 6 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. " (https://www.dw.com/en/anchoring-entrepreneurship-in-africa/a-38674196) 'Anchoring entrepreneurship in Africa' | DW | 03.05.2017" (https://www.dw.com/en/anchoring-entrepreneurship-in-africa/a-38674196) . DW.COM . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Chancellor's Installation and Inaugural Address" (http://www.news.uct.ac.za/news/lecturesandspeeches/chancellor/) . www.news.uct.ac.za . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Pato, Thando. " (https://www.news24.com/truelove/Archive/Im-just-Precious-20071105) 'I'm just Precious' (https://www.news24.com/truelove/Archive/Im-just-Precious-20071105) " (https://www.news24.com/truelove/Archive/Im-just-Precious-20071105) . Truelove . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Patrice and Precious Motsepe - The Giving Pledge" (https://givingpledge.org/pledger?pledgerId=253) . Giving Pledge . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) @forbesafrica (1 October 2013). "Register" (https://x.com/forbesafrica/status/385111563029340161) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved 4 April 2022 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Africa's 50 Most Powerful Women - Forbes Africa" (https://www.forbesafrica.com/cover-story/2020/03/06/africas-50-most-powerful-women/) . 6 March 2020 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Yanofsky, David (21 January 2020). "The confidential list of everyone attending the 2020 World Economic Forum in Davos" (https://qz.com/1787763/the-list-of-delegates-to-the-2020-world-economic-forum-in-davos/) . Quartz . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Membership Directory" (https://wappp.hks.harvard.edu/membership-directory) . wappp.hks.harvard.edu . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Center for Strategic Philanthropy Advisory Board" (https://milkeninstitute.org/centers/center-for-strategic-philanthropy/advisory-board) . milkeninstitute.org . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "UCT chancellor joins Harvard University Global Advisory Council" (http://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2023-01-16-uct-chancellor-joins-harvard-university-global-advisory-council) . www.news.uct.ac.za . Retrieved 29 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-award_12-0) "Winning Women: Revving Africa's engine" (https://www.fin24.com/Opinion/winning-women-revving-africas-engine-20170903-2) . Fin24 . Retrieved 24 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Wits alumni - Dr P.M-M" (https://www.wits.ac.za/news/sources/alumni-news/2019/alumni-in-the-news.html) . wits . Retrieved 9 June 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Dr. Precious Moloi-Motsepe" (http://www.fashion4development.com/dr-precious) . Fashion 4 Development . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "UCT elects new chancellor" (http://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2019-08-30-uct-elects-new-chancellor) . www.news.uct.ac.za . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "The Forbes Billionaires' List: Africa's Richest People 2021 - Forbes Africa" (https://www.forbesafrica.com/billionaires/2021/02/01/africas-richest-2021/) . February 2021 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Winning Women: Revving Africa's engine" (https://www.news24.com/Fin24/winning-women-revving-africas-engine-20170903-2) . Fin24 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Dr. Precious Moloi-Motsepe" (http://www.fashion4development.com/dr-precious) . Fashion 4 Development . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Milken Institute and Motsepe Foundation Announce Milken-Motsepe Prize in AgriTech Finalists" (https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220223005328/en/Milken-Institute-and-Motsepe-Foundation-Announce-Milken-Motsepe-Prize-in-AgriTech-Finalists) . www.businesswire.com . 23 February 2022 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Dr. Precious Moloi-Motsepe" (http://www.fashion4development.com/dr-precious) . Fashion 4 Development . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "University of Cape Town: Motsepe Foundation opens doors for graduands with fee debt" (https://indiaeducationdiary.in/university-of-cape-town-motsepe-foundation-opens-doors-for-graduands-with-fee-debt/) . India Education | Latest Education News | Global Educational News | Recent Educational News . 13 December 2021 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Media invitation to the launch of Gender Responsive Budget Initiative report | Government Communication and Information System (GCIS)" (https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/newsroom/advisories/grb_report_28aug2012) . www.gcis.gov.za . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Women's Month: Parliament's Efforts at Gender Mainstreaming" (http://www.pa.org.za/blog/womens-month-parliaments-efforts-gender-mainstream) . People's Assembly . 24 August 2021 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Keep a Child Alive raises $3.8 for children and families impacted by HIV and AIDS" (https://lasentinel.net/keep-a-child-alive-raises-3-8-for-children-and-families-impacted-by-hiv-and-aids.html) . Los Angeles Sentinel . 11 November 2015 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "The Precious little black book" (https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/precious-little-black-book) . SAnews . 8 March 2017 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "South African businesswoman takes the helm of women-led philanthropy group" (https://www.devex.com/news/south-african-businesswoman-takes-the-helm-of-women-led-philanthropy-group-93508) . Devex . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Staff reporter. "UCT welcomes R5m from Motsepe Foundation in response to Covid-19" (https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/uct-welcomes-r5m-from-motsepe-foundation-in-response-to-covid-19-45714245) . www.iol.co.za . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "University of Cape Town: Motsepe Foundation opens doors for graduands with fee debt" (https://indiaeducationdiary.in/university-of-cape-town-motsepe-foundation-opens-doors-for-graduands-with-fee-debt/) . India Education | Latest Education News | Global Educational News | Recent Educational News . 13 December 2021 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) https://www.timeslive.co.za/authors/shonisani-tshikalange (https://www.timeslive.co.za/authors/shonisani-tshikalange) . "Motsepe Foundation donates R30m to 26 universities for student registration, fees and historical debt" (https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2023-02-17-motsepe-foundation-donates-r30m-to-26-universities-for-student-registration-fees-and-historical-debt/) . TimesLIVE . Retrieved 29 March 2023 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : External link in |last= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link) ) ^ (#cite_ref-30) Gambade, Emilie (23 July 2020). "Maverick Life: Fashion and e-commerce: making it work for African designers" (https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-07-23-fashion-and-e-commerce-making-it-work-for-african-designers/) . Daily Maverick . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Covid-19 disrupting fashion value chains" (https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/430/203858.html) . Bizcommunity . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "What to expect at AFI Fashion Week Joburg 2021 from October 28 to 30" (https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/2021-10-21-native-what-to-expect-at-afi-fashion-week-joburg-2021-from-oct-28-to-30-2021/) . SowetanLIVE . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) Eytan, Declan. "Philanthropist Dr. Moloi-Motsepe Brought Fashion Week to South Africa - Now She's Bringing Beyoncé" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/declaneytan/2018/11/30/philanthropist-dr-moloi-motsepe-brought-fashion-week-to-south-africa-now-shes-bringing-beyonce/) . Forbes . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "WATCH: Dr Precious Moloi Motsepe on AFI designers and the rise of the African fashion industry" (https://www.wantedonline.co.za/fashion-and-grooming/2017-03-20-the-best-or-nothing/) . Wanted Online . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Dr Precious Moloi-Motsepe's UN fashion win 'a victory for all of Africa' (https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2017-09-26-dr-precious-moloi-motsepes-un-fashion-win-a-victory-for-all-of-africa/) " (https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2017-09-26-dr-precious-moloi-motsepes-un-fashion-win-a-victory-for-all-of-africa/) . TimesLIVE . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Legodi, Simangele. "Moloi-Motsepe, Booyzen selected onto BoF 500 Global Fashion Leader Index" (https://ewn.co.za/2022/10/04/moloi-motsepe-booyzen-selected-onto-bof-500-global-fashion-leader-index) . ewn.co.za . Retrieved 29 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Investing in the Sustainability Sisterhood" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/entrepreneurship/female-women-impact-investment-sustainability-fashion-entrepreneurs/) . The Business of Fashion . 18 May 2020 . Retrieved 4 April 2022 . 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This article is about the garment. For the twill-woven fabric, see Gabardine (/wiki/Gabardine) . A man wearing a gaberdine A gaberdine or gabardine is a long, loose gown (/wiki/Gown) or cloak (/wiki/Cloak) with wide sleeves (/wiki/Sleeve_(clothing)) , worn by men in the later Middle Ages (/wiki/Middle_Ages) and into the 16th century. [1] (#cite_note-Cumming-1) In The Merchant of Venice (/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice) , William Shakespeare (/wiki/William_Shakespeare) uses the phrase "Jewish gaberdine" to describe the garment worn by Shylock (/wiki/Shylock) , and the term gaberdine has been subsequently used to refer to the overgown or mantle worn by Jews (/wiki/Jews) in the medieval era. [1] (#cite_note-Cumming-1) [2] (#cite_note-OED-2) [3] (#cite_note-Picken2-3) History and etymology [ edit ] In the 15th and early 16th centuries, gaberdine (variously spelled gawbardyne, gawberdyne, gabarden, gaberdin, gabberdine ) signified a fashionable overgarment, but by the 1560s it was associated with coarse garments worn by the poor. [1] (#cite_note-Cumming-1) [2] (#cite_note-OED-2) In the 1611 A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues , Randle Cotgrave (/wiki/Randle_Cotgrave) glossed the French (/wiki/French_(language)) term gaban as "a cloake of Felt for raynie weather; a Gabardine". [4] (#cite_note-4) Thomas Blount (/wiki/Thomas_Blount_(lexicographer)) 's Glossographia of 1656 defined a gaberdine as "A rough Irish mantle or horseman's cloak, a long cassock". Aphra Behn (/wiki/Aphra_Behn) uses the term for 'Holy Dress', or 'Friers Habits' in Abdelazer (/wiki/Abdelazer) (1676), Act 2; this in a Spanish setting. In later centuries gaberdine was used colloquially for any protective overgarment, including labourers' smock-frocks (/wiki/Smock-frock) and children's pinafores (/wiki/Pinafore) . [2] (#cite_note-OED-2) [5] (#cite_note-Picken-5) It is this sense that led Thomas Burberry (/wiki/Thomas_Burberry) to apply the name gabardine (/wiki/Gabardine) to the waterproofed twill fabric he developed in 1879. [6] (#cite_note-6) The word comes from Spanish (/wiki/Spanish_(language)) gabardina , Old French (/wiki/Old_French) gauvardine, galvardine, gallevardine , possibly from the German (/wiki/German_(language)) term Wallfahrt signifying a pilgrimage (/wiki/Pilgrimage) [2] (#cite_note-OED-2) or from kaftan (/wiki/Kaftan) . Notes [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Cumming (2010), p. 88 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Oxford English Dictionary (/wiki/OED) , "Gaberdine" ^ (#cite_ref-Picken2_3-0) "Jewish mantle or cloak." Picken (1957), p. 380. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Cotgrave, Randle (1611). " (http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cotgrave/search/474l.html) A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues " (http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cotgrave/search/474l.html) . Retrieved 23 January 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-Picken_5-0) Picken (1957), p. 145. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Cumming (2010), p. 248 References [ edit ] Look up gabardine (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gabardine) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Cumming, Valerie, C. W. Cunnington and P. E. Cunnington. The Dictionary of Fashion History , Berg, 2010, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-84788-533-3 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84788-533-3) Oxford English Dictionary Online, "Gaberdine" (http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/75918) (subscription required) Picken, Mary Brooks (/wiki/Mary_Brooks_Picken) : The Fashion Dictionary , Funk & Wagnalls, 1957. 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Sri Lankan women who worked as fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Sri Lanka portal (/wiki/Portal:Sri_Lanka) This is a non-diffusing subcategory (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-diffusing_subcategories) of Category:Sri Lankan fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_fashion_designers) . It includes Sri Lankan fashion designers that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐6fgqv Cached time: 20240722163546 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.071 seconds Real time usage: 0.097 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 137/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4021/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 307/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.042/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 934359/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 82.978 1 -total 47.21% 39.175 1 Template:Portal 40.40% 33.520 1 Template:Non-diffusing 33.06% 27.436 1 Template:Cmbox 12.20% 10.121 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 8.89% 7.378 2 Template:Category_other 6.84% 5.673 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 3.51% 2.915 1 Template:Single_namespace 1.77% 1.467 1 Template:Template_other 1.34% 1.110 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:72304309-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722163546 and revision id 1177799260. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Sri Lankan women fashion designers" The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . G Ruwanthi Gajadeera (/wiki/Ruwanthi_Gajadeera) K Nayana Karunaratne (/wiki/Nayana_Karunaratne) P Ashcharya Peiris (/wiki/Ashcharya_Peiris) S Ruchira Silva (/wiki/Ruchira_Silva) Y Anuradha Yahampath (/wiki/Anuradha_Yahampath) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Sri_Lankan_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177799260 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Sri_Lankan_women_fashion_designers&oldid=1177799260) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Sri Lankan fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_fashion_designers) Sri Lankan women artists (/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_women_artists) Women fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Women_fashion_designers_by_nationality) Hidden categories: Wikipedia non-diffusing subcategories (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_non-diffusing_subcategories) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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American fashion doll Lammily Type Fashion doll (/wiki/Fashion_doll) Inventor(s) Nickolay Lamm Country United States (/wiki/United_States) Availability 2014–Present Official website (https://lammily.com) Lammily is an American fashion doll (/wiki/Fashion_doll) developed by Nickolay Lamm (/wiki/Nickolay_Lamm) in 2014. [1] (#cite_note-Wagstaff-1) The doll was conceived as an "average" alternative to Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) 's Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) line, which has received controversy over its body image and proportions. [2] (#cite_note-Stampler-2) [3] (#cite_note-Murray-3) Lamm created the toy using proportions of the average 19-year-old woman as indicated by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (Petri). The name "Lammily" was formed by combining his last name and "family". [4] (#cite_note-4) Development [ edit ] Lamm took inspiration for the doll from his high school experiences, when he felt self-conscious and had low self-esteem over his appearance. [5] (#cite_note-carter-5) The idea for the doll line started from a series of concept renders using Autodesk 3ds Max (/wiki/Autodesk_3ds_Max) and Adobe Photoshop (/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop) , comparing a Barbie doll to body proportions of a 19-year-old woman based on data from Centers for Disease Control (/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control) . [6] (#cite_note-Stump-6) [7] (#cite_note-Bahadur-7) The new doll's wrists, feet, hands, and knees were also designed to move and bend. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) Development of the doll was crowd sourced (/wiki/Crowdsourcing) via Tilt.com (/wiki/Tilt.com) , and in less than a day raised more than its $95,000 goal. [9] (#cite_note-Lee-9) The funding campaign eventually raised $501,000 - more than five times the initial goal. [10] (#cite_note-time-10) Lamm's philosophy for the dolls is that "Lammily represents the idea of being true to yourself in a world that too often convinces us to pursue an unattainable fantasy" and asks future supporters to join him "in promoting the beauty of reality". [11] (#cite_note-11) A boy Lammily doll was crowdfunded in 2016, and a Lammily wheelchair is now in development after a successful kickstarter campaign. [12] (#cite_note-lammily.com-12) Marketing [ edit ] The first edition Lammily doll was marketed as "fit and strong" and has brown hair and little makeup. [2] (#cite_note-Stampler-2) [13] (#cite_note-Gander-13) The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) described her outfits as "toned-down", compared to Barbie's. [13] (#cite_note-Gander-13) The doll is articulated with jointed wrists, elbows, knees and ankles, enabling it to wear sneakers as well as high heel shoes. [2] (#cite_note-Stampler-2) [13] (#cite_note-Gander-13) Backers of the crowdfunded campaign were given the opportunity to pre-order the doll prior to general release. The doll officially launched at the end of November 2014. Three Lammily dolls are now available: a white female doll, a black female doll, and a white male doll. The 'boy Lammily' doll was released in 2016 and said to be the first male fashion doll with realistic body proportions. There are additional outfits available for both the boy and girl Lammily dolls, many of which reflect careers, such as chef (/wiki/Chef) or firefighter (/wiki/Firefighter) . Unusually for a fashion doll, there is a 'Lammily Marks' pack available, featuring re-usable stickers showing marks including freckles, cellulite, grass stains, and wounds. There is also a Lammily Period Pack which includes a pair of pants and many colourful sanitary towels for the doll, accompanied by a book explaining menstruation to children. [12] (#cite_note-lammily.com-12) The Lammily doll was featured in an online advertising campaign called #DoYou, which shows Lammily excited to go on a vacation to Miami before being beset by beauty standards. [14] (#cite_note-Kindelan-14) Reception [ edit ] The doll has received praise in various media arenas penning her as a healthier and normal role model for the youth of which sets more realistic beauty standards (/wiki/Beauty_standards) . [6] (#cite_note-Stump-6) [9] (#cite_note-Lee-9) Demi Lovato (/wiki/Demi_Lovato) described the doll as "awesome" on Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . [5] (#cite_note-carter-5) The doll however has also received some criticism. In promoting the ideal that everyone is beautiful, Lionel Shriver (/wiki/Lionel_Shriver) described it as "wishful claptrap" and did not think children would be attracted to the product. [15] (#cite_note-shriver-15) There were also concerns that the promotion of an "average" ideal may dampen aspirations for young people. [16] (#cite_note-16) The project and its agenda were satirized in popular comedy media outlet The Onion (/wiki/The_Onion) ' s March 6, 2014 issue with respondents on American Voices stating when asked what they think of Lamm's idea: "I don't care what the new standard of beauty is as long as girls feel pressured to meet it," and "Maybe if you base your life around a doll you deserve what you get." [17] (#cite_note-Onion-17) It has been argued that Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) dolls reflect highly sexualized image and circumscribe girl's play by emphasizing prescribed roles and patterns of interaction. It is feared that by dramaticizing stereotypical feminine roles during play, girls will internalize and later embody such roles. This is one of the reasons Lammily was received as so refreshing. [18] (#cite_note-18) On November 19 of 2014 a video showing the reaction of second graders from St. Edmund's Academy in Pittsburgh, PA to the new Lammily doll was published on YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) by the doll's creator. As of 7 March 2017 the video has attracted over 4.8 million views. [19] (#cite_note-Lamm-19) See also [ edit ] Lottie Dolls (/wiki/Lottie_Dolls) " Lisa vs. Malibu Stacy (/wiki/Lisa_vs._Malibu_Stacy) " References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Wagstaff_1-0) Wagstaff, Keith. "Meet Lammily, the Crowd-Funded 'Realistic' Alternative to Barbie - NBC News" (http://www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/meet-lammily-crowd-funded-realistic-alternative-barbie-n45931) . NBCNews.com (/wiki/NBCNews.com) . Retrieved March 8, 2014 . ^ a b c Stampler, Laura (March 5, 2014). "Lammily: New Barbie with Average Body by Nickolay Lamm" (http://time.com/12786/the-new-barbie-meet-the-doll-with-an-average-womans-proportions/) . Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . Retrieved March 8, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Murray_3-0) Murray, Rheana (March 6, 2014). "After 'Real Barbie' project, doll line with 'average is beautiful' motto to be produced - NY Daily News" (http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/realistic-barbie-dolls-hit-market-article-1.1713001) . Daily News (/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)) . Retrieved March 8, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Preston-Sidler, Leandra A. Watch Me Disappear: Gendered Bodies, Pro-anorexia, and Self-injury in Virtual Communities . Diss. University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida, 2015. ^ a b Carter, Chelsea J. (November 20, 2014). "Move over, Barbie! Make room for 'average' Lammily doll" (http://edition.cnn.com/2014/11/19/us/anti-barbie-doll-lammily/index.html?hpt=us_t4) . CNN . Retrieved November 21, 2014 . ^ a b Stump, Scott (July 3, 2013). " (http://www.today.com/news/normal-barbie-uses-real-womens-measurements-6C10533511) 'Normal' Barbie uses real women's measurements - TODAY.com" (http://www.today.com/news/normal-barbie-uses-real-womens-measurements-6C10533511) . Today (/wiki/Today_(U.S._TV_program)) . Retrieved March 8, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Bahadur_7-0) Bahadur, Nina. " (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/01/normal-barbie-nickolay-lamm_n_3529460.html) 'Normal' Barbie By Nickolay Lamm Shows Us What Mattel Dolls Might Look Like If Based On Actual Women (PHOTOS)" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/01/normal-barbie-nickolay-lamm_n_3529460.html) . The Huffington Post (/wiki/The_Huffington_Post) . Retrieved March 8, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_8-0) Kendra Hildebrand (April 16, 2014). "Lammily takes on Barbie" (https://digitalcommons.bryant.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1994&context=archway) . The Archway . Vol. 81, no. 19. p. 9 . Retrieved August 24, 2023 . ^ a b Lee, Jolie (March 7, 2014). "Watch out Barbie: Average body Lammily doll is coming" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/03/06/average-barbie-lammily-doll/6113875/) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Retrieved March 8, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-time_10-0) Stampler, Laura (November 19, 2014). "The New 'Normal Barbie' Comes With an Average Woman's Proportions — and Cellulite-Sticker Accessories" (http://time.com/3593968/the-new-normal-barbie-comes-with-an-average-womans-proportions-and-cellulite-sticker-extension-packs/) . Time . Retrieved November 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Lamm, Nickolay. “The Future of Lammily.” Lammily. Crowdtilt. 10 July 2014. Web. 14 August 2014. ^ a b "Lammily" (https://lammily.com/) . Retrieved August 24, 2023 . ^ a b c Gander, Kashmira (March 6, 2014). "Lammily: Barbie-like doll hits Kickstarter fundraising target in a day - News - The Independent" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/lammily-barbielike-doll-reaches-kickstarter-fundraising-target-in-a-day-9174034.html) . The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) . Retrieved March 8, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Kindelan_14-0) "Lammily, the 'Realistic' Fashion Doll, Star of New Commercial" (https://abcnews.go.com/US/lammily-realistic-fashion-doll-star-commercial/story?id=29442064) . ABCNews.com (/wiki/ABCNews.com) . Retrieved May 18, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-shriver_15-0) Shriver, Lionel (November 21, 2014). "Sorry Lammily, your dumpy looks won't fool many little girls" (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/21/lammily-wont-fool-girls-rival-barbie) . The Guardian . Retrieved November 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Richards, Victoria (November 21, 2014). "Lammily the 'Normal Barbie' is a great start, but no gendered toy is without problems" (http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/lammily-the-normal-barbie-is-a-great-start-but-no-gendered-toy-is-without-problems-9876270.html) . The Independent . Retrieved November 21, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Onion_17-0) "New 'Normal Barbie' Doll Has Proportions Of Average Woman" (https://www.theonion.com/articles/new-normal-barbie-doll-has-proportions-of-average,35458/) . The Onion (/wiki/The_Onion) . March 6, 2014 . Retrieved July 7, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Kuther, Tara L., and Erin McDonald. "Early Adolescents' Experiences With, And Views Of, Barbie." Adolescence 39.153 (2004): 39-51. Child Development & Adolescent Studies . Web. 25 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-Lamm_19-0) Lamm, Nickolay. "Second Graders React to Lammily and Other Fashion Dolls" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jue_JlxnPGM) . youtube.com (/wiki/Youtube.com) . Retrieved March 7, 2017 . 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< Wikipedia:Help desk (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk) | Archives (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives) Help desk (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk) < December 5 (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_5) << Nov (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/November_2011) | December (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/December_2011) | Jan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/January_2012) >> December 7 (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_7) > Welcome to the Wikipedia Help Desk Archives The page you are currently viewing is an archive page. While you can leave answers for any questions shown below, please ask new questions on one of the current Help Desk (/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk) pages. December 6 [ edit ] __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-IP_Address_Fraud?-December_6-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z-IP_Address_Fraud?"],"text":"IP Address Fraud?","linkableTitle":"IP Address Fraud?"} IP Address Fraud? [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-IP_Address_Fraud?-December_6-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z-IP_Address_Fraud?"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Tonywalton-2011-12-06T02:32:00.000Z-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T02:32:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-IP_Address_Fraud?-December_6-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z","replies":["c-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z-IP_Address_Fraud?"],"text":"IP Address Fraud?","linkableTitle":"IP Address Fraud?"} Please help someone is using my IP Address to make unsolicited and non-constructive changes to Wikipedia. — Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by 58.106.141.46 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/58.106.141.46) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:58.106.141.46) ) 01:52, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z-IP_Address_Fraud?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z","author":"58.106.141.46","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z-IP_Address_Fraud?","replies":["c-Kainaw-2011-12-06T02:12:00.000Z-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z","c-Tonywalton-2011-12-06T02:32:00.000Z-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z"]}} You do not own an IP address. Your Internet Service Provider will often change the IP address that is assigned to you. If you want to take more responsibility for your edits, create a free account (/wiki/Wikipedia:Create_an_account) . -- k a i n a w ™ (/wiki/User_talk:Kainaw) 02:12, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Kainaw-2011-12-06T02:12:00.000Z-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T02:12:00.000Z","author":"Kainaw","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Kainaw-2011-12-06T02:12:00.000Z-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Your ISP might allocate any address between 58.104.0.1 and 58.111.255.254 to you; if you restart your router you could get pretty much any IP address in this range. As Kainaw says, the best way to make sure your edits are your edits is to create an account. Having said that. the last edit from 'your' IP was this (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rainmaking_%28ritual%29&diff=prev&oldid=410531377) in January 2011, so what is your specific problem? Tonywalton (/wiki/User:Tonywalton) Talk (/wiki/User_talk:Tonywalton) 02:32, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Tonywalton-2011-12-06T02:32:00.000Z-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T02:32:00.000Z","author":"Tonywalton","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Tonywalton-2011-12-06T02:32:00.000Z-58.106.141.46-2011-12-06T01:52:00.000Z","replies":[]}} The original poster might have got another IP already before posting. - Tanner Lin 09:31, 6 December 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by Tanner Lin (/wiki/User:Tanner_Lin) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Tanner_Lin) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Tanner_Lin) ) __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Kwamikagami-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Indic_font_rendering_w_Chrome-December_6-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z","replies":["c-Kwamikagami-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z-Indic_font_rendering_w_Chrome"],"text":"Indic font rendering w Chrome","linkableTitle":"Indic font rendering w Chrome"} Indic font rendering w Chrome [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Kwamikagami-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Indic_font_rendering_w_Chrome-December_6-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z","replies":["c-Kwamikagami-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z-Indic_font_rendering_w_Chrome"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Kwamikagami-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z-Indic_font_rendering_w_Chrome","timestamp":"2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Kwamikagami-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Indic_font_rendering_w_Chrome-December_6-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z","replies":["c-Kwamikagami-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z-Indic_font_rendering_w_Chrome"],"text":"Indic font rendering w Chrome","linkableTitle":"Indic font rendering w Chrome"} Would s.o. mind taking a look at the question at Help_talk:Multilingual_support_(Indic)#what's_up_with_Google_Chrome? (/wiki/Help_talk:Multilingual_support_(Indic)#what's_up_with_Google_Chrome?) — kwami (/wiki/User:Kwamikagami) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Kwamikagami) ) 05:15, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Kwamikagami-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z-Indic_font_rendering_w_Chrome) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z","author":"Kwamikagami","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Kwamikagami-2011-12-06T05:15:00.000Z-Indic_font_rendering_w_Chrome","replies":[],"displayName":"kwami"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TZMC-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_do_you_edit_a_Reference_in_an_article.-December_6-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z","replies":["c-TZMC-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z-How_do_you_edit_a_Reference_in_an_article."],"text":"How do you edit a Reference in an article.","linkableTitle":"How do you edit a Reference in an article."} How do you edit a Reference in an article. [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TZMC-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_do_you_edit_a_Reference_in_an_article.-December_6-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z","replies":["c-TZMC-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z-How_do_you_edit_a_Reference_in_an_article."]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Fuhghettaboutit-2011-12-06T13:05:00.000Z-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T07:04:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T13:05:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-TZMC-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_do_you_edit_a_Reference_in_an_article.-December_6-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z","replies":["c-TZMC-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z-How_do_you_edit_a_Reference_in_an_article."],"text":"How do you edit a Reference in an article.","linkableTitle":"How do you edit a Reference in an article."} I am the Webmaster of a site listed in the Reference section of an article. Actually, the site referrenced is no longer active and the reference is via The Wayback Machine circa 2007. The site was renamed that year and now has the same webpage with new and more complete information than the one that is on Wayback. I was going to change the URL in the Reference section but I have been unable to. I would like to know how to do that. TZMC (/w/index.php?title=User:TZMC&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:TZMC) ) 06:12, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-TZMC-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z-How_do_you_edit_a_Reference_in_an_article.) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z","author":"TZMC","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-TZMC-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z-How_do_you_edit_a_Reference_in_an_article.","replies":["c-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T07:04:00.000Z-TZMC-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z"]}} The short answer is to look at Help:Footnotes (/wiki/Help:Footnotes) . It's difficult to say more than that without more specifics. Could you mention the article name and the URL at issue? Wtmitchell (/wiki/User:Wtmitchell) (talk) (/wiki/User_talk:Wtmitchell) (earlier Boracay Bill ) 07:04, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T07:04:00.000Z-TZMC-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T07:04:00.000Z","author":"Wtmitchell","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T07:04:00.000Z-TZMC-2011-12-06T06:12:00.000Z","replies":["c-Fuhghettaboutit-2011-12-06T13:05:00.000Z-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T07:04:00.000Z"]}} When you are reading an article and see a references section near the bottom populated by a series of numbered citations, you might think that if you edit the page, you will see those citations typed in that section and be able to edit them. However, normally what you will see is code similar to this: ==References== {{Reflist}} or </references> The text of citations is actually in the body of the article, directly next to statements or paragraphs the citations support, using <ref>(citation)</ref> tags, which display as footnotes (/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes) (e.g. [1][2] ) when you are reading an article. The template code shown above in the references section colates and displays all of the citations within the article in a numbered list in which the numbers correspond to the footnote numbers in the text. By clicking on the ^ symbol next to a citation display, you can easily find exactly where in the body of the article the citation text appears in order to edit it. For more, please see Wikipedia:Referencing for beginners (/wiki/Wikipedia:Referencing_for_beginners) .-- Fuhghettaboutit (/wiki/User:Fuhghettaboutit) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Fuhghettaboutit) ) 13:05, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Fuhghettaboutit-2011-12-06T13:05:00.000Z-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T07:04:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T13:05:00.000Z","author":"Fuhghettaboutit","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Fuhghettaboutit-2011-12-06T13:05:00.000Z-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T07:04:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-What_template_to_use_to_cite_an_entire_magazine_issue?-December_6-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z-What_template_to_use_to_cite_an_entire_magazine_issue?"],"text":"What template to use to cite an entire magazine issue?","linkableTitle":"What template to use to cite an entire magazine issue?"} What template to use to cite an entire magazine issue? [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-What_template_to_use_to_cite_an_entire_magazine_issue?-December_6-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z-What_template_to_use_to_cite_an_entire_magazine_issue?"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T21:34:00.000Z-Dismas-2011-12-06T08:23:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T21:34:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__7__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__5__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-What_template_to_use_to_cite_an_entire_magazine_issue?-December_6-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z-What_template_to_use_to_cite_an_entire_magazine_issue?"],"text":"What template to use to cite an entire magazine issue?","linkableTitle":"What template to use to cite an entire magazine issue?"} I tried to use Template:Cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) , leaving out the article name, but that caused some weird italics issues (italicizing date and URL instead of magazine title) and just looked generally screwed up how the template rendered it (footnote 21 in this diff (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dylan_and_Cole_Sprouse&diff=prev&oldid=463893573) ). I was wondering if there was another template I could use (or a way to get that template to work correctly) so that I can cite the entire magazine in a way that matches the other refs in the article. Thanks. - Purplewowies (/wiki/User:Purplewowies) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Purplewowies) ) 07:48, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z-What_template_to_use_to_cite_an_entire_magazine_issue?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z","author":"Purplewowies","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z-What_template_to_use_to_cite_an_entire_magazine_issue?","replies":["c-Dismas-2011-12-06T08:23:00.000Z-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z","c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T08:24:00.000Z-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z"]}} I'm not sure if this is the reason but you did happen to not close the italics markup: magazine =''People: Special Collector's Edition. You forgot the two apostrophes after the word Edition. Dismas (/wiki/User:Dismas) | (talk) 08:23, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Dismas-2011-12-06T08:23:00.000Z-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T08:23:00.000Z","author":"Dismas","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Dismas-2011-12-06T08:23:00.000Z-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T21:34:00.000Z-Dismas-2011-12-06T08:23:00.000Z"]}} The italics problem was probably my fault. I was copying various parts of the previous MLA format reference into the template, and I guess I accidentally copied the italics from the front end of the title. Oops. - Purplewowies (/wiki/User:Purplewowies) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Purplewowies) ) 21:34, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T21:34:00.000Z-Dismas-2011-12-06T08:23:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T21:34:00.000Z","author":"Purplewowies","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T21:34:00.000Z-Dismas-2011-12-06T08:23:00.000Z","replies":[]}} How about re-arranging the {{ Citation (/wiki/Template:Citation) }} parameters {{Citation | title =''People: Special Collector's Edition'' | date = May 2009 | url = http://www.people.com/people/archive/issue/0,,7566090520,00.html}} People: Special Collector's Edition (http://www.people.com/people/archive/issue/0,,7566090520,00.html) , May 2009 which at least hides the ugly URL? -- John of Reading (/wiki/User:John_of_Reading) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:John_of_Reading) ) 08:24, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T08:24:00.000Z-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T08:24:00.000Z","author":"John of Reading","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T08:24:00.000Z-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T07:48:00.000Z","replies":["c-Gadget850-2011-12-06T08:40:00.000Z-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T08:24:00.000Z","c-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T09:08:00.000Z-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T08:24:00.000Z"]}} Use {{ cite encyclopedia (/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia) }} , which is for any edited collection: People: Special Collector's Edition . May 20, 2009 http://www.people.com/people/archive/issue/0,,7566090520,00.html (http://www.people.com/people/archive/issue/0,,7566090520,00.html) . {{ cite encyclopedia (/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia) }} : Missing or empty |title= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title) ) --- — Gadget850 (Ed) talk 08:40, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Gadget850-2011-12-06T08:40:00.000Z-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T08:24:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T08:40:00.000Z","author":"Gadget850","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Gadget850-2011-12-06T08:40:00.000Z-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T08:24:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"Gadget850\u00a0(Ed)"}} or {{Citation |month = May |year=2009 | url = http://www.people.com/people/archive/issue/0,,7566090520,00.html |title=Dylan & Cole : Zack & Cody |magazine=People |issue=Special Collector's Edition}} which renders as follows: "Dylan & Cole : Zack & Cody" (http://www.people.com/people/archive/issue/0,,7566090520,00.html) , People , no. Special Collector's Edition, 2009 {{ citation (/wiki/Template:Citation) }} : Unknown parameter |month= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored) ) or {{ cite magazine (/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine) }} (which reditects to {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} ) instead of {{ Citation (/wiki/Template:Citation) }} , rendering as follows: "Dylan & Cole : Zack & Cody" (http://www.people.com/people/archive/issue/0,,7566090520,00.html) . People . No. Special Collector's Edition. 2009. {{ cite magazine (/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine) }} : Unknown parameter |month= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored) ) (I note that the article currently mixes the {{ Citation (/wiki/Template:Citation) }} template with {{ Cite xxx (/wiki/Template:Cite_xxx) }} templates.) Wtmitchell (/wiki/User:Wtmitchell) (talk) (/wiki/User_talk:Wtmitchell) (earlier Boracay Bill ) 09:08, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T09:08:00.000Z-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T08:24:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T09:08:00.000Z","author":"Wtmitchell","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T09:08:00.000Z-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T08:24:00.000Z","replies":["c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T21:34:00.000Z-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T09:08:00.000Z"]}} They're all {{ Cite xxx (/wiki/Template:Cite_xxx) }} now. I didn't realize they were both being used (even though I was the one who added them). I also didn't know they weren't supposed to be used together, so I wouldn't have changed them if you hadn't brought that up. On which citation template to use, I hadn't even thought of using {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} and using the magazine subject/title itself as the article. I think that's the one I'll use. (I was expecting an answer like the {{ Cite encyclopedia (/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia) }} example, but I'm a bit reluctant to use that one since it says it's not for magazines and that {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} should be used instead). Thanks to everyone who helped! :) - Purplewowies (/wiki/User:Purplewowies) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Purplewowies) ) 21:34, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T21:34:00.000Z-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T09:08:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T21:34:00.000Z","author":"Purplewowies","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-Purplewowies-2011-12-06T21:34:00.000Z-Wtmitchell-2011-12-06T09:08:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-disambiguating_word_for_electronic_'bands'?-December_6-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z","replies":["c-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z-disambiguating_word_for_electronic_'bands'?"],"text":"disambiguating word for electronic 'bands'?","linkableTitle":"disambiguating word for electronic 'bands'?"} disambiguating word for electronic 'bands'? [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-disambiguating_word_for_electronic_'bands'?-December_6-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z","replies":["c-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z-disambiguating_word_for_electronic_'bands'?"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T23:06:00.000Z-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T22:43:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T23:06:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-disambiguating_word_for_electronic_'bands'?-December_6-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z","replies":["c-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z-disambiguating_word_for_electronic_'bands'?"],"text":"disambiguating word for electronic 'bands'?","linkableTitle":"disambiguating word for electronic 'bands'?"} What is the accepting disambiguating word for a group of electronic musicians? I am referring to, amongst others, Truth (Dubstep Artist) (/wiki/Truth_(Dubstep_Artist)) . Truth (band) (/w/index.php?title=Truth_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1) does not seem appropriate and I am struggling to think of another way round it. doom gaze (talk) 10:22, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z-disambiguating_word_for_electronic_'bands'?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z","author":"Doomgaze","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z-disambiguating_word_for_electronic_'bands'?","replies":["c-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T10:34:00.000Z-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z"]}} What about Truth (musical ensemble) (/w/index.php?title=Truth_(musical_ensemble)&action=edit&redlink=1) (see Musical ensemble (/wiki/Musical_ensemble) ). Just an idea, I am not too familiar with the terminology though. Toshio Yamaguchi (/wiki/User:Toshio_Yamaguchi) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Toshio_Yamaguchi) ) 10:34, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T10:34:00.000Z-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T10:34:00.000Z","author":"Toshio Yamaguchi","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T10:34:00.000Z-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T10:22:00.000Z","replies":["c-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T22:43:00.000Z-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T10:34:00.000Z"]}} Hmm the article seems to suggest that an ensemble is one that is able to perform live music, which doesn't work for this situation. I'm stumped. doom gaze (talk) 22:43, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T22:43:00.000Z-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T10:34:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T22:43:00.000Z","author":"Doomgaze","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T22:43:00.000Z-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T10:34:00.000Z","replies":["c-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T23:06:00.000Z-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T22:43:00.000Z"]}} You could use a general disambiguating term, such as Truth (musicians) (/w/index.php?title=Truth_(musicians)&action=edit&redlink=1) . Toshio Yamaguchi (/wiki/User:Toshio_Yamaguchi) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Toshio_Yamaguchi) ) 23:06, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T23:06:00.000Z-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T22:43:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T23:06:00.000Z","author":"Toshio Yamaguchi","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T23:06:00.000Z-Doomgaze-2011-12-06T22:43:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Link_to_my_site_was_removed_from_Wiki_Article-December_6-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z","replies":["c-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z-Link_to_my_site_was_removed_from_Wiki_Article"],"text":"Link to my site was removed from Wiki Article","linkableTitle":"Link to my site was removed from Wiki Article"} Link to my site was removed from Wiki Article [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Link_to_my_site_was_removed_from_Wiki_Article-December_6-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z","replies":["c-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z-Link_to_my_site_was_removed_from_Wiki_Article"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Dan56-2011-12-06T20:48:00.000Z-Rehevkor-2011-12-06T10:57:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T20:48:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__4__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Link_to_my_site_was_removed_from_Wiki_Article-December_6-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z","replies":["c-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z-Link_to_my_site_was_removed_from_Wiki_Article"],"text":"Link to my site was removed from Wiki Article","linkableTitle":"Link to my site was removed from Wiki Article"} I noticed earlier today that I started getting traffic from Wiki's page for The Roots' new album "Undun". I went there and found that my review of their album on my site had been placed there. I was kinda excited about that as that had never happened and I had no idea how to even go about that. Not sure who put it on there, but I was appreciative. Then I noticed later on in the evening when I went there again to look up some info on the album, that the link was no longer there. It was in that little box that had the various reviews (metacritic, rolling stone, etc) and a link in the sources at the bottom. Now it's gone, and I was just wondering whether or not that was a mistake that it was removed and if not, what the reasoning behind removing it. I'm not furious or anything like that, was just genuinely interested as it's a bit confusing for me. Thank you for your time, and hope to hear from you. For reference below I have linked to the wiki page as well as my review that was linked there earlier. Gary Anderson www.searchingforchetbaker.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undun (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undun) http://www.searchingforchetbaker.com/2011/12/review-roots-undun.html (http://www.searchingforchetbaker.com/2011/12/review-roots-undun.html) 67.185.33.67 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/67.185.33.67) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=User_talk:67.185.33.67&action=edit&redlink=1) ) 10:40, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z-Link_to_my_site_was_removed_from_Wiki_Article) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z","author":"67.185.33.67","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z-Link_to_my_site_was_removed_from_Wiki_Article","replies":["c-Bencherlite-2011-12-06T10:48:00.000Z-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z","c-Rehevkor-2011-12-06T10:57:00.000Z-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z"]}} Hi Gary. The review was removed in this edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Undun&diff=next&oldid=464327903) by Dan56 (/w/index.php?title=User:Dan56&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Dan56) · contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Dan56) ); as he didn't explain why he was doing what he was doing in his edit summary, I'll ask him whether he can explain here instead. I don't edit music / album articles, so I don't know what the accepted practice is for choosing which reviews to use, but it might be that blog-type reviews aren't favoured as much as reviews in magazines / newspapers / established online sites. Bencherlite (/wiki/User:Bencherlite) Talk 10:48, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Bencherlite-2011-12-06T10:48:00.000Z-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T10:48:00.000Z","author":"Bencherlite","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Bencherlite-2011-12-06T10:48:00.000Z-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Wikipedia has guidelines on reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:RS) , self published sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLOGS) (i.e. blogs) and external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:ELNO) . Sites such as the above are not permitted as they are self published (anyone can resister a blogspot account write what they want in a blog) and are subject to no editorial control. Я ehevkor ✉ 10:57, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Rehevkor-2011-12-06T10:57:00.000Z-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T10:57:00.000Z","author":"Rehevkor","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Rehevkor-2011-12-06T10:57:00.000Z-67.185.33.67-2011-12-06T10:40:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dan56-2011-12-06T20:48:00.000Z-Rehevkor-2011-12-06T10:57:00.000Z"]}} Hi. I was dealing with a mess of vandalism through that article that included removal of professional reviews and addition of reviews such as this, so I did not explain my overall edit. Same sentiment as the comment above this one, and WP:Albums guidelines/policies, at least some of them, should be reviewed before making edits to them: Review sites (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums/Review_sites) or WP:Albums/Article body (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums/Article_body#Critical_reception) ("When choosing which reviews to include, consider the notability of the review source and keeping a neutral point of view"). Dan56 (/w/index.php?title=User:Dan56&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Dan56) ) 20:48, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Dan56-2011-12-06T20:48:00.000Z-Rehevkor-2011-12-06T10:57:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T20:48:00.000Z","author":"Dan56","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Dan56-2011-12-06T20:48:00.000Z-Rehevkor-2011-12-06T10:57:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Catholic_youth_associations_of_French_Algeria-December_6-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z-Catholic_youth_associations_of_French_Algeria"],"text":"Catholic youth associations of French Algeria","linkableTitle":"Catholic youth associations of French Algeria"} Catholic youth associations of French Algeria (/wiki/Catholic_youth_associations_of_French_Algeria) [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Catholic_youth_associations_of_French_Algeria-December_6-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z-Catholic_youth_associations_of_French_Algeria"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T11:15:00.000Z-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T11:15:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Catholic_youth_associations_of_French_Algeria-December_6-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z","replies":["c-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z-Catholic_youth_associations_of_French_Algeria"],"text":"Catholic youth associations of French Algeria","linkableTitle":"Catholic youth associations of French Algeria"} Hello everybody! Currently, the harv (/wiki/Template:Harvard_citation) template is not functioning properly, regarding this specific article (/wiki/Catholic_youth_associations_of_French_Algeria) , given that syntax appears to be slightly different as what seems to be specifically relating to en.wp. Is there an expert regarding this specific topic who would kindly have a look at this issue and see how it could be solved? Thank you so much in advance! Kindest regards! euphonie (/wiki/User:Euphonie) breviary (/wiki/User_talk:Euphonie) 11:00, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z-Catholic_youth_associations_of_French_Algeria) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z","author":"Euphonie","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z-Catholic_youth_associations_of_French_Algeria","replies":["c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T11:15:00.000Z-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z"]}} I believe my edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catholic_youth_associations_of_French_Algeria&diff=464372228&oldid=464370507) has fixed it; you can now jump to the "Further Reading" section by clicking on any of the "Fatès 2004" links in the references. -- John of Reading (/wiki/User:John_of_Reading) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:John_of_Reading) ) 11:15, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T11:15:00.000Z-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T11:15:00.000Z","author":"John of Reading","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T11:15:00.000Z-Euphonie-2011-12-06T11:00:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Hello, John of Reading! Great! It works perfectly fine now. Thank you for your help! Best wishes! euphonie (/wiki/User:Euphonie) breviary (/wiki/User_talk:Euphonie) 13:23, 6 December 2011 (UTC) __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mlane78212-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-submitting_article_from_Sandbox-December_6-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mlane78212-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z-submitting_article_from_Sandbox"],"text":"submitting article from Sandbox","linkableTitle":"submitting article from Sandbox"} submitting article from Sandbox [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mlane78212-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-submitting_article_from_Sandbox-December_6-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mlane78212-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z-submitting_article_from_Sandbox"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-TEB728-2011-12-07T01:36:00.000Z-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T14:37:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-07T01:36:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Mlane78212-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-submitting_article_from_Sandbox-December_6-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z","replies":["c-Mlane78212-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z-submitting_article_from_Sandbox"],"text":"submitting article from Sandbox","linkableTitle":"submitting article from Sandbox"} I think I did something wrong and need guidance. I am a new editor intent on writing many articles on the countryside and history of France. I wrote the article Roman Villas in Northwestern Gaul (/wiki/Roman_Villas_in_Northwestern_Gaul) in my sandbox and thought I moved it to request for permanent status at the same time that I looked for a request for review template. I never found a way to submit it and now it appears to be of permanent status. I have submitted previous article from my userpage Chateau de la Motte, Joue du Plain (/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Motte,_Jou%C3%A9_du_Plain) , and it worked fine as far as I can tell, although I have not received any acceptance notice. Are these articles accepted? and if so then in the future what should route should I take on shorter articles I anticipate writing? thank you in advance for any guidance. Mlane (/wiki/User:Mlane78212) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Mlane78212) ) 13:42, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Mlane78212-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z-submitting_article_from_Sandbox) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z","author":"Mlane78212","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Mlane78212-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z-submitting_article_from_Sandbox","replies":["c-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T14:37:00.000Z-Mlane78212-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z"],"displayName":"Mlane"}} There is no formal "acceptance" or "submission" process. Users are encouraged to create articles in a sandbox first, so that they can be worked on over time without fear of speedy deletion, but that is not mandatory. So your articles are now in mainspace and look pretty good. There is a little copyediting required and I will take a look in a moment. – ukexpat (/wiki/User:Ukexpat) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Ukexpat) ) 14:37, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T14:37:00.000Z-Mlane78212-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T14:37:00.000Z","author":"Ukexpat","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T14:37:00.000Z-Mlane78212-2011-12-06T13:42:00.000Z","replies":["c-TEB728-2011-12-07T01:36:00.000Z-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T14:37:00.000Z"]}} This move (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_villas_in_northwestern_Gaul&diff=462615002&oldid=462614521) is where you moved the article from your sandbox to mainspace. Unless there is something wrong with an article, that is all you need to do. (If someone had thought the article was inappropriate and should be deleted, they would notify you on your user talk page.) There is also a Wikipedia:Article wizard (/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard) process: I have never used it but I understand that as a last step it submits draft articles for review at Wikipedia:Articles for creation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_creation) . Even then (if I understand correctly) you are notified only if the article needs work; successful submissions are simply moved to main space. — teb728 (/wiki/User:TEB728) t (/wiki/User_talk:TEB728) c (/wiki/Special:Contributions/TEB728) 01:36, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-TEB728-2011-12-07T01:36:00.000Z-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T14:37:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T01:36:00.000Z","author":"TEB728","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-TEB728-2011-12-07T01:36:00.000Z-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T14:37:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Help_with_a_parserfunction\/Magic_Word-December_6-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z-Help_with_a_parserfunction\/Magic_Word"],"text":"Help with a parserfunction\/Magic Word","linkableTitle":"Help with a parserfunction\/Magic Word"} Help with a parserfunction/Magic Word [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Help_with_a_parserfunction\/Magic_Word-December_6-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z-Help_with_a_parserfunction\/Magic_Word"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T15:18:00.000Z-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T15:12:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T15:18:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Help_with_a_parserfunction\/Magic_Word-December_6-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z-Help_with_a_parserfunction\/Magic_Word"],"text":"Help with a parserfunction\/Magic Word","linkableTitle":"Help with a parserfunction\/Magic Word"} Do we have a system variable / Magic Word / parserfunction that returns the size, in bytes, of a particular page? Something like {{PAGESINCAT}} or the like? I can't seem to find anything that would work. I have pagecounts on my userpage of various categories of article (Speedy Deletion candidates, mostly), and I'd like to replace the mostly unused Category:Articles for deletion using wrong syntax (/wiki/Category:Articles_for_deletion_using_wrong_syntax) with the quite useful User:Snotbot/AfD report (/wiki/User:Snotbot/AfD_report) . But the bot report isn't category, nor does it place articles listed into a category - so I'd put the byte count (and subtract 183, that being the size when no articles are listed). Anything non-zero indicates that the bot report found a malformed or mis-closed AFD. Is there a way to make this work? UltraExactZZ (/wiki/User:Ultraexactzz) Said (/wiki/User_talk:Ultraexactzz) ~ Did (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Ultraexactzz) 14:53, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z-Help_with_a_parserfunction/Magic_Word) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z","author":"Ultraexactzz","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z-Help_with_a_parserfunction\/Magic_Word","replies":["c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T15:12:00.000Z-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z"]}} Yes, {{PAGESIZE:Wikipedia:Help desk}} displays as 40,493. See Help:Magic words (/wiki/Help:Magic_words) . -- John of Reading (/wiki/User:John_of_Reading) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:John_of_Reading) ) 15:12, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T15:12:00.000Z-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T15:12:00.000Z","author":"John of Reading","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T15:12:00.000Z-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T14:53:00.000Z","replies":["c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T15:18:00.000Z-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T15:12:00.000Z"]}} Embarassingly, I had - and skimmed right past it. Thanks! UltraExactZZ (/wiki/User:Ultraexactzz) Said (/wiki/User_talk:Ultraexactzz) ~ Did (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Ultraexactzz) 15:18, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T15:18:00.000Z-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T15:12:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T15:18:00.000Z","author":"Ultraexactzz","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T15:18:00.000Z-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T15:12:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Dtate888-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Another_\"Request_for_feedback\"_(should_be_quick_i_think!)-December_6-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dtate888-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z-Another_\"Request_for_feedback\"_(should_be_quick_i_think!)"],"text":"Another \"Request for feedback\" (should be quick i think!)","linkableTitle":"Another \"Request for feedback\" (should be quick i think!)"} Another "Request for feedback" (should be quick i think!) [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Dtate888-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Another_\"Request_for_feedback\"_(should_be_quick_i_think!)-December_6-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dtate888-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z-Another_\"Request_for_feedback\"_(should_be_quick_i_think!)"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Dtate888-2011-12-06T17:01:00.000Z-Orangemike-2011-12-06T16:42:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T17:01:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Dtate888-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Another_\"Request_for_feedback\"_(should_be_quick_i_think!)-December_6-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dtate888-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z-Another_\"Request_for_feedback\"_(should_be_quick_i_think!)"],"text":"Another \"Request for feedback\" (should be quick i think!)","linkableTitle":"Another \"Request for feedback\" (should be quick i think!)"} I created a draft for Unicoi Systems, a company in Cumming, GA: draft of "Unicoi Systems" (/w/index.php?title=User:Dtate888/Unicoi_Systems&action=edit&redlink=1) . Currently, only Dirk Beetstra (/wiki/User:Beetstra) and myself have worked on it. My biggest concern is notability. Dtate888 (/wiki/User:Dtate888) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Dtate888) ) 16:36, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Dtate888-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z-Another_"Request_for_feedback"_(should_be_quick_i_think!)) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z","author":"Dtate888","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Dtate888-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z-Another_\"Request_for_feedback\"_(should_be_quick_i_think!)","replies":["c-Orangemike-2011-12-06T16:42:00.000Z-Dtate888-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z"]}} I'm sorry, but I just see how it meets WP:CORP (/wiki/Wikipedia:CORP) , our standards for notability of companies. Recognition by local groups like TAG don't add up to notability as we measure it. -- Orange Mike | Talk 16:42, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Orangemike-2011-12-06T16:42:00.000Z-Dtate888-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T16:42:00.000Z","author":"Orangemike","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Orangemike-2011-12-06T16:42:00.000Z-Dtate888-2011-12-06T16:36:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dtate888-2011-12-06T17:01:00.000Z-Orangemike-2011-12-06T16:42:00.000Z"],"displayName":"Orange Mike"}} Ok, thanks for looking into it. But I guess I'll keep the page in case the notability increases sometime in the future. Dtate888 (/wiki/User:Dtate888) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Dtate888) ) 17:01, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Dtate888-2011-12-06T17:01:00.000Z-Orangemike-2011-12-06T16:42:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T17:01:00.000Z","author":"Dtate888","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Dtate888-2011-12-06T17:01:00.000Z-Orangemike-2011-12-06T16:42:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Help_with_templates-December_6-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z","replies":["c-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z-Help_with_templates"],"text":"Help with templates","linkableTitle":"Help with templates"} Help with templates [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Help_with_templates-December_6-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z","replies":["c-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z-Help_with_templates"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T16:59:00.000Z-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T16:59:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Help_with_templates-December_6-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z","replies":["c-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z-Help_with_templates"],"text":"Help with templates","linkableTitle":"Help with templates"} All the pages here (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Image%3AExample.jpg&namespace=0) (the ones about projection) all have Template:Views (/wiki/Template:Views) on them, which has File:Example.jpg (/wiki/File:Example.jpg) on it. I got my bot to revert this but they all seem to still have it on somewhere, and I can't work out where, but they stay on the WhatLinksHere. Any suggestions? Rcsprinter123 (rap) 16:45, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z-Help_with_templates) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z","author":"Rcsprinter123","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z-Help_with_templates","replies":["c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T16:59:00.000Z-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z"]}} The results from "WhatLinksHere" are not necessarily up to date; those articles will disappear from the list eventually when the servers catch up. If you wish, you can make it happen sooner with a null edit (/wiki/Help:Null_edit) on each of those articles. -- John of Reading (/wiki/User:John_of_Reading) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:John_of_Reading) ) 16:59, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T16:59:00.000Z-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T16:59:00.000Z","author":"John of Reading","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T16:59:00.000Z-Rcsprinter123-2011-12-06T16:45:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Upload_Company_Logo?-December_6-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z","replies":["c-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z-Upload_Company_Logo?","c-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z-Upload_Company_Logo?"],"text":"Upload Company Logo?","linkableTitle":"Upload Company Logo?"} Upload Company Logo? [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Upload_Company_Logo?-December_6-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z","replies":["c-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z-Upload_Company_Logo?","c-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z-Upload_Company_Logo?"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z-Upload_Company_Logo?","timestamp":"2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Upload_Company_Logo?-December_6-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z","replies":["c-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z-Upload_Company_Logo?","c-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z-Upload_Company_Logo?"],"text":"Upload Company Logo?","linkableTitle":"Upload Company Logo?"} My account is less than 4 days old and I am wanting to add a company logo to my first page I am attempting to wikify, any help would be appreciated. The subject is "PretoSkills Alliance" Thanks in advance and I look forward to many more edits! — Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by Limerick1988 (/w/index.php?title=User:Limerick1988&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Limerick1988) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Limerick1988) ) 16:46, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z-Upload_Company_Logo?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z","author":"Limerick1988","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z-Upload_Company_Logo?","replies":["c-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T17:14:00.000Z-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z"]}} What does the logo look like? In order to add the logo to PetroSkills Alliance (/w/index.php?title=PetroSkills_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1) it has to be uploaded first. However, it is necessary to determine the copyright status of the image. Can you perhaps point to a website, where the logo can be seen? It is important to know, whether the logo is just a simple text logo or if it contains more complex shapes. Toshio Yamaguchi (/wiki/User:Toshio_Yamaguchi) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Toshio_Yamaguchi) ) 17:14, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T17:14:00.000Z-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T17:14:00.000Z","author":"Toshio Yamaguchi","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Toshio_Yamaguchi-2011-12-06T17:14:00.000Z-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T16:46:00.000Z","replies":[]}} www.petroskills.com it is in the top left of the page, thanks! ( Limerick1988 (/w/index.php?title=User:Limerick1988&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Limerick1988) ) 20:50, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z-Upload_Company_Logo?) ) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z","author":"Limerick1988","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Limerick1988-2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z-Upload_Company_Logo?","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Esigc-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Request_for_help_with_new_article-December_6-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z","replies":["c-Esigc-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z-Request_for_help_with_new_article"],"text":"Request for help with new article","linkableTitle":"Request for help with new article"} Request for help with new article [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Esigc-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Request_for_help_with_new_article-December_6-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z","replies":["c-Esigc-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z-Request_for_help_with_new_article"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Esigc-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z-Request_for_help_with_new_article","timestamp":"2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Esigc-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Request_for_help_with_new_article-December_6-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z","replies":["c-Esigc-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z-Request_for_help_with_new_article"],"text":"Request for help with new article","linkableTitle":"Request for help with new article"} I'd appreciate if someone would please review GlowCode (/wiki/GlowCode) , provide any feedback, and remove the "New unreviewed article tag." GlowCode is a performance analysis tool, aka "profiler," used by software engineers, programmers. (Previously, there had been a link to GlowCode (/wiki/GlowCode) on the following page: List of performance analysis tools (/wiki/List_of_performance_analysis_tools) , but the GlowCode page itself had no content.) Thank you! Esigc (/wiki/User:Esigc) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Esigc) ) 17:28, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Esigc-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z-Request_for_help_with_new_article) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z","author":"Esigc","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Esigc-2011-12-06T17:28:00.000Z-Request_for_help_with_new_article","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-81.131.122.61-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Worlds_Biggest_Liar_Competition,_2011.-December_6-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-81.131.122.61-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z-Worlds_Biggest_Liar_Competition,_2011."],"text":"Worlds Biggest Liar Competition, 2011.","linkableTitle":"Worlds Biggest Liar Competition, 2011."} Worlds Biggest Liar Competition, 2011. [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-81.131.122.61-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Worlds_Biggest_Liar_Competition,_2011.-December_6-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-81.131.122.61-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z-Worlds_Biggest_Liar_Competition,_2011."]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Obsidian_Soul-2011-12-06T18:27:00.000Z-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T17:48:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T18:27:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-81.131.122.61-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Worlds_Biggest_Liar_Competition,_2011.-December_6-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-81.131.122.61-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z-Worlds_Biggest_Liar_Competition,_2011."],"text":"Worlds Biggest Liar Competition, 2011.","linkableTitle":"Worlds Biggest Liar Competition, 2011."} Sir, I would just like to point out that the current Worlds Biggest Liar is no longer Paul Burrows but Glen Boylan from Maryport who won the Competition in November, you can get information on the winner by going onto the Times and Star website. — Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by 81.131.122.61 (/wiki/Special:Contributions/81.131.122.61) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:81.131.122.61) ) 17:23, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-81.131.122.61-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z-Worlds_Biggest_Liar_Competition,_2011.) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z","author":"81.131.122.61","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-81.131.122.61-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z-Worlds_Biggest_Liar_Competition,_2011.","replies":["c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T17:48:00.000Z-81.131.122.61-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z"]}} If you like, and if you have a source for that, you can go to World's Biggest Liar (/wiki/World%27s_Biggest_Liar) and add the information yourself. Or some kind editor can track it down for you. UltraExactZZ (/wiki/User:Ultraexactzz) Said (/wiki/User_talk:Ultraexactzz) ~ Did (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Ultraexactzz) 17:48, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T17:48:00.000Z-81.131.122.61-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T17:48:00.000Z","author":"Ultraexactzz","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T17:48:00.000Z-81.131.122.61-2011-12-06T17:23:00.000Z","replies":["c-Obsidian_Soul-2011-12-06T18:27:00.000Z-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T17:48:00.000Z"]}} I have updated the article. Though there seems to be two versions of the winning story... one involving a snail race and another involving a mayonnaise and peanut butter sandwich. The only thing they have in common is Prince Charles. :D -- Obsidi ♠ n Soul 18:27, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Obsidian_Soul-2011-12-06T18:27:00.000Z-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T17:48:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T18:27:00.000Z","author":"Obsidian Soul","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Obsidian_Soul-2011-12-06T18:27:00.000Z-Ultraexactzz-2011-12-06T17:48:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"Obsidi\u2660n"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Something_weird-December_6-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z-Something_weird"],"text":"Something weird","linkableTitle":"Something weird"} Something weird [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Something_weird-December_6-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z-Something_weird"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T18:15:00.000Z-David_Biddulph-2011-12-06T18:02:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T18:15:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Something_weird-December_6-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z-Something_weird"],"text":"Something weird","linkableTitle":"Something weird"} Can anyone have a look at Portal:Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) please, the image on the right I'm seeing has something to do with Gandhi, Nehru and Jinnah and Indo-Pakistani peace, but when I click on the Image, I get this (/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Drexel.jpg) . I don't know if this is intentional (:|) or whatever. Lynch 7 17:54, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z-Something_weird) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z","author":"MikeLynch","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z-Something_weird","replies":["c-Chzz-2011-12-06T17:57:00.000Z-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z"],"displayName":"Lynch"}} It was supposed to be the image of the lady, but someone had uploaded a different picture over the same filename; it was undone, but the thumbnail version didn't update (for some reason). I've now forced it to update (by changing the picture size from 200px to 199px), and I think it is OK. Chzz ► 17:57, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Chzz-2011-12-06T17:57:00.000Z-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T17:57:00.000Z","author":"Chzz","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Chzz-2011-12-06T17:57:00.000Z-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T17:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-David_Biddulph-2011-12-06T18:02:00.000Z-Chzz-2011-12-06T17:57:00.000Z"]}} ... and I've done the same at History of fashion design (/wiki/History_of_fashion_design) which had suffered from the same problem. - David Biddulph (/wiki/User:David_Biddulph) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:David_Biddulph) ) 18:02, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-David_Biddulph-2011-12-06T18:02:00.000Z-Chzz-2011-12-06T17:57:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T18:02:00.000Z","author":"David Biddulph","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-David_Biddulph-2011-12-06T18:02:00.000Z-Chzz-2011-12-06T17:57:00.000Z","replies":["c-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T18:15:00.000Z-David_Biddulph-2011-12-06T18:02:00.000Z"]}} Thanks guys :) Lynch 7 18:15, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T18:15:00.000Z-David_Biddulph-2011-12-06T18:02:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T18:15:00.000Z","author":"MikeLynch","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-MikeLynch-2011-12-06T18:15:00.000Z-David_Biddulph-2011-12-06T18:02:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"Lynch"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Information_to_Improve_Stubs-December_6-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z-Information_to_Improve_Stubs"],"text":"Information to Improve Stubs","linkableTitle":"Information to Improve Stubs"} Information to Improve Stubs [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Information_to_Improve_Stubs-December_6-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z-Information_to_Improve_Stubs"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T19:47:00.000Z-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T19:47:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Information_to_Improve_Stubs-December_6-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z-Information_to_Improve_Stubs"],"text":"Information to Improve Stubs","linkableTitle":"Information to Improve Stubs"} My deceased step father is the subject of several different Wikipedia stubs. My family has lots of information on the man and his work. However, there seems no way to add information to "improve the stub", since the added information would have no verifiable citation. Any way around this problem? It seems silly to add information, only to have it removed as unverifiable. Sidewise (/w/index.php?title=User:Sidewise&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Sidewise) ) 19:38, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z-Information_to_Improve_Stubs) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z","author":"Sidewise","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z-Information_to_Improve_Stubs","replies":["c-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T19:47:00.000Z-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z"]}} Verfiability (/wiki/Wikipedia:V) is one of the cornerstones of Wikipedia. As a tertiary source (/wiki/Tertiary_source) , Wikipedia in essence collates material from other verifiable sources. If you can get the information that you have published somewhere, perhaps by donating it to a library or museum, we may be able to make use of it. – ukexpat (/wiki/User:Ukexpat) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Ukexpat) ) 19:47, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T19:47:00.000Z-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T19:47:00.000Z","author":"Ukexpat","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T19:47:00.000Z-Sidewise-2011-12-06T19:38:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Adding_a_'Reference'?-December_6-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z","replies":["c-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?","c-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T22:31:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?","c-Fifelfoo-2011-12-07T03:14:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?"],"text":"Adding a 'Reference'?","linkableTitle":"Adding a 'Reference'?"} Adding a 'Reference'? [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Adding_a_'Reference'?-December_6-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z","replies":["c-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?","c-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T22:31:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?","c-Fifelfoo-2011-12-07T03:14:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Fifelfoo-2011-12-07T03:14:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?","timestamp":"2011-12-07T03:14:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Adding_a_'Reference'?-December_6-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z","replies":["c-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?","c-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T22:31:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?","c-Fifelfoo-2011-12-07T03:14:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?"],"text":"Adding a 'Reference'?","linkableTitle":"Adding a 'Reference'?"} Hello, I am not by any means an expert on I.T., I was shown how to use a computer by one of my Sons, who is very far away and very busy. The questions I wanted to ask were: How do I add a reference to a page? The info I wanted to add is as follows: I was in Band as a teenager, one of the first 'Rock and Roll' Bands, it was back in the '60's', I was with the band for three years, but then left due to several differences. Later on, I met someone with an unsigned Band who later became famous, I told Him about my experiences with the Band and that I had one or two friends in the buisiness and might be able to help get them a recording contract as I thought the Band was really great and had 'original' material. They got signed and the second record they made, was the name of my Band and it became a 'Hit', their first 'Hit' and still the favorite with their fans, who don't know anything about me or the connection to the Band I was in. Could I add a reference to the Band I was in an an explanation, plus mention the songs which have my name in? There is a page on the famous Band, whose Singer I met before they were signed, before they used the name of the Band I was in for a single that became a 'Hit'. Brasstapewound I can 'verify' this information. — Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by Brasstapewound (/w/index.php?title=User:Brasstapewound&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Brasstapewound) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Brasstapewound) ) 20:17, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z","author":"Brasstapewound","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?","replies":["c-Fifelfoo-2011-12-06T20:24:00.000Z-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z"]}} Welcome to wikipedia Brasstapewound. Wikipedia verifies information from published, reliable, secondary sources. We don't verify material from personal correspondence or life experience, as these aren't available in a fixed form for inspection, they're not reviewed through an editorial system for correctness, and they're too closely related to the topic to avoid fundamental biases. Have you considered being interviewed by a music journalist or social historian of rock who may be interested in your information, and may eventually publish it? Wikipedia could rely on that publication for the fact, as a publication in a recognised, edited music newspaper or magazine would be reliable. Fifelfoo (/wiki/User:Fifelfoo) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Fifelfoo) ) 20:24, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Fifelfoo-2011-12-06T20:24:00.000Z-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T20:24:00.000Z","author":"Fifelfoo","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Fifelfoo-2011-12-06T20:24:00.000Z-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T20:17:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Hello Fifelfoo, the Band I was in was an R.A.F./Army Band, who did get world famous and after I left, didn't get offered any more contracts, as being a Woman Rock Guitarist at the time, (1963-5,) was quite unusual. There will be records of that Band, because most of the Band were R.A.F. or Army, so both the R.A.F and the Army will hold records. Lots of people who know me have suggested I write a book or add the information to Wikepedea, but I don't kow any 'Rock Historians', perhaps you could suggest one? So let me get this straight, you say unless there was some kind of 'Publication' about me, anyone can say they are me or were in the Band I was in or call themselves by that name or call their Band the same name and claim the 'Copyright' , ( does that mean a 'COPY'?) Anyone can call their new song by the name of the Band I was in and again claim the 'Copyright'!? I used to wear my hair in a 'Buffount', but now apperently it was an original style by another Woman? (who is now deceased.) So anything written in the 'Wikepedea' is now Gospel? Strange there is NO mention of me on the Band's page, which is now owned by the people who have claimed 'Copyright'? The 'Star' died, much of His Music mentions MY name, but the 'Copyright' is owned by people who don't even know who I am!!!! "May EVENTUALLY puplish it"???? I am 63, I do not want to go looking for Historians or Publishers, I do NOT need or want 'Fame', I was urged to attempt to let the truth be known, I tried. So much for the TRUTH! 'History' is written by the winners of WAR, the losers get nothing! 'Wikipedea' is quite obviously no exception! The BrassTapewound strings were called "____ ____" They were mine. Brasstapewound (/w/index.php?title=User:Brasstapewound&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Brasstapewound) ) 22:31, 6 December 2011 (UTC)-- Brasstapewound (/w/index.php?title=User:Brasstapewound&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Brasstapewound) ) 22:31, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T22:31:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?) Brasstapewound [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T22:31:00.000Z","author":"Brasstapewound","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Brasstapewound-2011-12-06T22:31:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?","replies":[]}} Yes, this is unfortunately the way that things go. You could try writing a memoir and seek to get your notes, papers, and memoir deposited in a social history archive, and hope after you're dead that someone will write it up reliably. We rely on reliability, not truth. If you notice uncited material on wikipedia that you believe to be wrong, you can remove it; but, please also post to the article's Talk: page explaining why you removed the content. But you can't add material that cannot be proved from publication to be correct. Many of the publications open to publishing material from members of the public don't meet wikipedia's reliability criteria. If you contact Universities local to you, it may be possible to find a sympathetic historian. Additionally, the historians and archivists associated with the British military may have some interest in your material. Fifelfoo (/wiki/User:Fifelfoo) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Fifelfoo) ) 03:14, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Fifelfoo-2011-12-07T03:14:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T03:14:00.000Z","author":"Fifelfoo","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Fifelfoo-2011-12-07T03:14:00.000Z-Adding_a_'Reference'?","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Bluerasberry-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-New_editors_need_feedback-December_6-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z","replies":["c-Bluerasberry-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z-New_editors_need_feedback"],"text":"New editors need feedback","linkableTitle":"New editors need feedback"} New editors need feedback [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Bluerasberry-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-New_editors_need_feedback-December_6-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z","replies":["c-Bluerasberry-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z-New_editors_need_feedback"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Bluerasberry-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z-New_editors_need_feedback","timestamp":"2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__1__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Bluerasberry-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-New_editors_need_feedback-December_6-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z","replies":["c-Bluerasberry-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z-New_editors_need_feedback"],"text":"New editors need feedback","linkableTitle":"New editors need feedback"} Hey guys. I feel bad about being here because this is not the route by means of which I ought to be going for this kind of help, but I am over my head and need some assistance. Wikipedia:Requests for feedback (/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_feedback) directs here, by the way. There is a campus ambassador program on Wikipedia wherein university professors have their students edit articles as part of the classwork. I think this is a great way to introduce people to editing Wikipedia, but there are some problems with this new program. Right now the problem I am facing is that I have a class which made articles and they are saying that they want a little more community review. I would appreciate anyone going to any of their articles and giving feedback on what should be changed - lots of short comments from different people would be great. For the long term, if anyone has any ideas about how to get support for new users then please join/start conversations on the campus ambassador boards. I have a more full explanation here - User:Bluerasberry/jumpqueue (/w/index.php?title=User:Bluerasberry/jumpqueue&action=edit&redlink=1) . Thanks for any attention you can give. Blue Rasberry (talk) 20:29, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Bluerasberry-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z-New_editors_need_feedback) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z","author":"Bluerasberry","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Bluerasberry-2011-12-06T20:29:00.000Z-New_editors_need_feedback","replies":[],"displayName":"Blue Rasberry"}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Lack_of_citation_sources-December_6-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z","replies":["c-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z-Lack_of_citation_sources"],"text":"Lack of citation sources","linkableTitle":"Lack of citation sources"} Lack of citation sources [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Lack_of_citation_sources-December_6-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z","replies":["c-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z-Lack_of_citation_sources"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Lack_of_citation_sources-December_6-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z","replies":["c-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z-Lack_of_citation_sources"],"text":"Lack of citation sources","linkableTitle":"Lack of citation sources"} I contributed an article some time ago about a software product that was historically important in a particular technological area. The product is long dead but the architecture was sufficiently different that it influenced the industry. There is now a note on that site that says it needs citations. Unfortunately, being a dead commercial product means there is little that can be cited in the public domain. As the software architect for the organisation from 1987-2002, my knowledge is reliable. However, even though I tried to write an objective report, I understand that I cannot cite myself as a reliable source. Is that true? How should I proceed? — Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by Tonyproctor (/wiki/User:Tonyproctor) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Tonyproctor) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Tonyproctor) ) 20:43, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z-Lack_of_citation_sources) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z","author":"Tonyproctor","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z-Lack_of_citation_sources","replies":["c-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z"]}} I am afraid that personal knowledge is not sufficient as it is not verifiable (/wiki/Wikipedia:V) . Note that sources do not have to be online: articles in print magazines etc if they exist can be used as sources, preferably using the appropriate {{ Cite (/wiki/Template:Cite) }} template. – ukexpat (/wiki/User:Ukexpat) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Ukexpat) ) 20:50, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z","author":"Ukexpat","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Ukexpat-2011-12-06T20:50:00.000Z-Tonyproctor-2011-12-06T20:43:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Scate39-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Unable_to_access_articles-December_6-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-Scate39-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z-Unable_to_access_articles","c-Scate39-2011-12-06T23:16:00.000Z-Unable_to_access_articles"],"text":"Unable to access articles","linkableTitle":"Unable to access articles"} Unable to access articles [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Scate39-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Unable_to_access_articles-December_6-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-Scate39-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z-Unable_to_access_articles","c-Scate39-2011-12-06T23:16:00.000Z-Unable_to_access_articles"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-ColinFine-2011-12-07T00:26:00.000Z-Scate39-2011-12-06T23:16:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-07T00:26:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__4__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__3__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Scate39-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Unable_to_access_articles-December_6-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z","replies":["c-Scate39-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z-Unable_to_access_articles","c-Scate39-2011-12-06T23:16:00.000Z-Unable_to_access_articles"],"text":"Unable to access articles","linkableTitle":"Unable to access articles"} Repeated attempts to view references under 'right to petition' resulted in (1) first a message that my search had 'timed out'-- I don't know what this means or how to respond to it; (2) nest my browser was taken over by an unidentifiable site that kept duplicating itself and would not respond to 'X' close, finally had to shut down my browser to stop it; (3) finally I reopened my browser at the last page viewed and got the message: 'error has occurred, pls try again later'. I did try again with a new search and got the same 'error' message. It feels like I am being denied access to these articles, which can't be, right? Please advise. Thanks. scate39 — Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by Scate39 (/w/index.php?title=User:Scate39&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Scate39&action=edit&redlink=1) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Scate39) ) 21:38, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Scate39-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z-Unable_to_access_articles) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z","author":"Scate39","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Scate39-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z-Unable_to_access_articles","replies":["c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T21:42:00.000Z-Scate39-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z"]}} I'm sorry you had this trouble. Can you tell us the name or URL of the Wikipedia article that you were looking at, and the footnote number that had this unhelpful link? -- John of Reading (/wiki/User:John_of_Reading) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:John_of_Reading) ) 21:42, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T21:42:00.000Z-Scate39-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T21:42:00.000Z","author":"John of Reading","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T21:42:00.000Z-Scate39-2011-12-06T21:38:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Thank you for answering. My initial search was "Right to Petition". Sorry, I didn't get the heading etc, but the article was exactly what I was looking for. The references I was trying to access were (1) 'S.1 An omnibus 'ethics reform bill' that contained a provision Section 220 to establish federal regulations for the first time of certain efforts to encourage grassroots lobbying, ie, voluntary efforts of members of the general public', and (2) Section 220. A few minutes ago I tried once more with a new in to Wikipedia and a change in search to 'Constitutional Right to Petition' and got to Honest Leadership and Open Govt Act of 2007' but no lead from that to Section 220. I want to see what efforts Congress has made to legislate control over our right to petition. Many thanks. scate39 — Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by Scate39 (/w/index.php?title=User:Scate39&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Scate39&action=edit&redlink=1) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Scate39) ) 23:16, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Scate39-2011-12-06T23:16:00.000Z-Unable_to_access_articles) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T23:16:00.000Z","author":"Scate39","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Scate39-2011-12-06T23:16:00.000Z-Unable_to_access_articles","replies":["c-ColinFine-2011-12-07T00:26:00.000Z-Scate39-2011-12-06T23:16:00.000Z"]}} The link in footnote 3 of Right to petition (/wiki/Right_to_petition) is faulty: whoever added the reference must have done a search, and then just pasted the URL into Wikipedia without realising that the URL was not a permanent link to the resource they had found, but a link to the particular search they were doing which found the resource. But the particular site ( http://thomas.loc.gov (http://thomas.loc.gov) ) doesn't keep searches forever, and has expired that particular search. You can search for it again among the 110th congress bills at http://thomas.loc.gov/home/LegislativeData.php?&n=BillText&c=110 (http://thomas.loc.gov/home/LegislativeData.php?&n=BillText&c=110) , but I don't see a way to create a permanent URL for it. -- ColinFine (/wiki/User:ColinFine) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:ColinFine) ) 00:26, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-ColinFine-2011-12-07T00:26:00.000Z-Scate39-2011-12-06T23:16:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T00:26:00.000Z","author":"ColinFine","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-ColinFine-2011-12-07T00:26:00.000Z-Scate39-2011-12-06T23:16:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Article_that_I_edited_has_disappeared-December_6-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z","replies":["c-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z-Article_that_I_edited_has_disappeared"],"text":"Article that I edited has disappeared","linkableTitle":"Article that I edited has disappeared"} Article that I edited has disappeared [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Article_that_I_edited_has_disappeared-December_6-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z","replies":["c-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z-Article_that_I_edited_has_disappeared"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T22:28:00.000Z-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-06T22:28:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__2__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Article_that_I_edited_has_disappeared-December_6-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z","replies":["c-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z-Article_that_I_edited_has_disappeared"],"text":"Article that I edited has disappeared","linkableTitle":"Article that I edited has disappeared"} Its title is not showing with the various contributions. It is an article about Henry Landau 1892 - 1968, British spy. I have checked the deleted log and it does not come up there. — Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by Wlzabi (/w/index.php?title=User:Wlzabi&action=edit&redlink=1) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Wlzabi) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Wlzabi) ) 22:24, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z-Article_that_I_edited_has_disappeared) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z","author":"Wlzabi","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z-Article_that_I_edited_has_disappeared","replies":["c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T22:28:00.000Z-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z"]}} You have an incomplete draft about Henry Landau at User:Wlzabi/Enter your new article name here (/w/index.php?title=User:Wlzabi/Enter_your_new_article_name_here&action=edit&redlink=1) . -- John of Reading (/wiki/User:John_of_Reading) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:John_of_Reading) ) 22:28, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T22:28:00.000Z-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T22:28:00.000Z","author":"John of Reading","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-John_of_Reading-2011-12-06T22:28:00.000Z-Wlzabi-2011-12-06T22:24:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?-December_6-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:05:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:15:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:54:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T01:00:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?"],"text":"How to load profile picture in Wikipedia?","linkableTitle":"How to load profile picture in Wikipedia?"} How to load profile picture in Wikipedia? [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?-December_6-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:05:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:15:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:54:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T01:00:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Jayron32-2011-12-07T04:12:00.000Z-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T01:00:00.000Z","timestamp":"2011-12-07T04:12:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__12__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__5__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?-December_6-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z","replies":["c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:05:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:15:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:54:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T01:00:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?"],"text":"How to load profile picture in Wikipedia?","linkableTitle":"How to load profile picture in Wikipedia?"} Hi, How to load profile picture in Wikipedia? Can you please help me in this? — Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by Abhilash.sai (/wiki/User:Abhilash.sai) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Abhilash.sai) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Abhilash.sai) ) 23:54, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z","author":"Abhilash.sai","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","replies":["c-Jayron32-2011-12-06T23:55:00.000Z-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z"]}} I'm not sure what you mean by a "profile picture". Can you explain more about what you are having trouble with? -- Jayron 32 23:55, 6 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Jayron32-2011-12-06T23:55:00.000Z-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-06T23:55:00.000Z","author":"Jayron32","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Jayron32-2011-12-06T23:55:00.000Z-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-06T23:54:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"Jayron"}} I am trying upload a free-licence picture in wiki page. How to do that? — Preceding unsigned (/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures) comment added by Abhilash.sai (/wiki/User:Abhilash.sai) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Abhilash.sai) • contribs (/wiki/Special:Contributions/Abhilash.sai) ) 00:05, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:05:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T00:05:00.000Z","author":"Abhilash.sai","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:05:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","replies":[]}} I also want to be an official editor. Can you help me?-- Abhilash.sai (/wiki/User:Abhilash.sai) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Abhilash.sai) ) 00:15, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:15:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T00:15:00.000Z","author":"Abhilash.sai","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:15:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","replies":["c-ColinFine-2011-12-07T00:33:00.000Z-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:15:00.000Z"]}} Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia, so it has articles, not profiles. To upload pictures to be used in articles, see WP:Image tutorial (/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_tutorial) . I don't know what you mean by an official editor. Anybody can be an editor, just by editing. Please read the links that somebody has put on your talk page. -- ColinFine (/wiki/User:ColinFine) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:ColinFine) ) 00:33, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-ColinFine-2011-12-07T00:33:00.000Z-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:15:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T00:33:00.000Z","author":"ColinFine","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-ColinFine-2011-12-07T00:33:00.000Z-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:15:00.000Z","replies":["c-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:36:00.000Z-ColinFine-2011-12-07T00:33:00.000Z"]}} ( edit conflict (/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict) ) There are no official editors. The list of official editors is the entire population of the world. You became one when you were born. As far as uploading images for use in encyclopedia articles, see Help:Files (/wiki/Help:Files) . -- Jayron 32 00:36, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:36:00.000Z-ColinFine-2011-12-07T00:33:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T00:36:00.000Z","author":"Jayron32","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:36:00.000Z-ColinFine-2011-12-07T00:33:00.000Z","replies":["c-Dismas-2011-12-07T00:39:00.000Z-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:36:00.000Z"],"displayName":"Jayron"}} Maybe by "official editor" they mean an autoconfirmed editor (/wiki/Wikipedia:AUTOCONFIRMED) ? Dismas (/wiki/User:Dismas) | (talk) 00:39, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Dismas-2011-12-07T00:39:00.000Z-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:36:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T00:39:00.000Z","author":"Dismas","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Dismas-2011-12-07T00:39:00.000Z-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:36:00.000Z","replies":["c-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:46:00.000Z-Dismas-2011-12-07T00:39:00.000Z"]}} Unlikely. The OP has been here since 2008, and has a few hundred edits. They've been autoconfirmed for a while. -- Jayron 32 00:46, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:46:00.000Z-Dismas-2011-12-07T00:39:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T00:46:00.000Z","author":"Jayron32","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:46:00.000Z-Dismas-2011-12-07T00:39:00.000Z","replies":["c-Purplewowies-2011-12-07T00:54:00.000Z-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:46:00.000Z"],"displayName":"Jayron"}} Perhaps they mean an administrator (/wiki/Wikipedia:ADMIN) ? - Purplewowies (/wiki/User:Purplewowies) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Purplewowies) ) 00:54, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Purplewowies-2011-12-07T00:54:00.000Z-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:46:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T00:54:00.000Z","author":"Purplewowies","type":"comment","level":6,"id":"c-Purplewowies-2011-12-07T00:54:00.000Z-Jayron32-2011-12-07T00:46:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Dismas is right. Maybe since i am new to this editing work in Wikipedia, i am trying find out how Wikipedia works. But also i have seen some users who are Authors?? -- Abhilash.sai (/wiki/User:Abhilash.sai) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Abhilash.sai) ) 00:54, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:54:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T00:54:00.000Z","author":"Abhilash.sai","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T00:54:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","replies":[]}} Maybe Purplewowies is more right. I always been an Admin where ever i worked-- Abhilash.sai (/wiki/User:Abhilash.sai) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Abhilash.sai) ) 01:00, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T01:00:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T01:00:00.000Z","author":"Abhilash.sai","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T01:00:00.000Z-How_to_load_profile_picture_in_Wikipedia?","replies":["c-Jayron32-2011-12-07T04:12:00.000Z-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T01:00:00.000Z"]}} Information on Administrators at Wikipedia can be found at WP:ADMIN (/wiki/Wikipedia:ADMIN) . -- Jayron 32 04:12, 7 December 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk/Archives/2011_December_6#c-Jayron32-2011-12-07T04:12:00.000Z-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T01:00:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-12-07T04:12:00.000Z","author":"Jayron32","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Jayron32-2011-12-07T04:12:00.000Z-Abhilash.sai-2011-12-07T01:00:00.000Z","replies":[],"displayName":"Jayron"}} NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐9b492 Cached time: 20240722163549 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.050 seconds CPU time usage: 0.284 seconds Real time usage: 0.486 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 777/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10087/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 542/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10489/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.095/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3004629/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 172.028 1 -total 63.30% 108.897 2 Template:Citation 13.98% 24.046 1 Template:User 7.04% 12.113 1 Template:Tp 4.60% 7.907 1 Template:Od 2.74% 4.709 1 Template:Cite_encyclopedia 2.65% 4.556 1 Template:Cite_magazine 2.33% 4.001 11 Template:Tl 1.62% 2.788 1 Template:Ec 1.10% 1.896 24 Template:Nowrap Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34001299-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722163549 and revision id 1080032938. 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Red Ben de Lisi dress of Kate Winslet Designer Ben de Lisi (/wiki/Ben_de_Lisi) Year 2002 Type Red one-shoulder flower strap dress English actress Kate Winslet (/wiki/Kate_Winslet) wore a red one-shoulder flower strap dress designed by Ben de Lisi (/wiki/Ben_de_Lisi) to the 74th Academy Awards (/wiki/74th_Academy_Awards) on 24 March 2002. The shoulder strap, composed of a garland of silk roses (/wiki/Artificial_flower) , was evocative of Spanish flamenco (/wiki/Flamenco) dancers. [1] (#cite_note-1) In a poll by Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) published in The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) the dress was voted the seventh greatest red carpet gown of all time. [2] (#cite_note-Telegraph08-2) Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) has cited the gown as one of the best Oscar dresses of all time, stating, "This dress is ultra-flattering on Kate, and it's a great color for her very fair skin and strawberry blond hair. The flowery, embroidered strap is a pretty detail that makes this simple gown fit for the red carpet". [3] (#cite_note-3) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Reeve., Chace (2003). The complete book of Oscar fashion : Variety's 75 years of glamour on the red carpet . New York, NY: Reed Press. p. 178. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1594290016 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 53233868 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53233868) . ^ (#cite_ref-Telegraph08_2-0) Urmee Khan (9 October 2008). "Liz Hurley 'safety pin' dress voted the greatest dress" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/3167702/Liz-Hurley-safety-pin-dress-voted-the-greatest-dress.html) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Oscars Best and Worst Dressed" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/celebrity/red-carpet-dresses/best-and-worst-oscar-style) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . v t e Notable red carpet outfits (/wiki/Red_carpet_fashion) 1950s White floral Givenchy dress (/wiki/White_floral_Givenchy_dress_of_Audrey_Hepburn) ( Audrey Hepburn (/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn) , 1954) 1990s Red Versace dress (/wiki/Red_Versace_dress_of_Cindy_Crawford) ( Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) , 1991) Black Versace dress (/wiki/Black_Versace_dress_of_Elizabeth_Hurley) ( Elizabeth Hurley (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hurley) , 1994) Lavender Prada dress (/wiki/Lavender_Prada_dress_of_Uma_Thurman) ( Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) , 1995) American Express Gold card dress (/wiki/American_Express_Gold_card_dress_of_Lizzy_Gardiner) ( Lizzy Gardiner (/wiki/Lizzy_Gardiner) , 1995) Chartreuse Dior dress (/wiki/Chartreuse_Dior_dress_of_Nicole_Kidman) ( Nicole Kidman (/wiki/Nicole_Kidman) , 1997) Pink Ralph Lauren dress (/wiki/Pink_Ralph_Lauren_dress_of_Gwyneth_Paltrow) ( Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) , 1999) 2000s Early Green Versace dress (/wiki/Green_Versace_dress_of_Jennifer_Lopez) ( Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) , 2000) Crimson Alberta Ferretti dress (/wiki/Crimson_Alberta_Ferretti_dress_of_Uma_Thurman) ( Uma Thurman (/wiki/Uma_Thurman) , 2000) Black and white Valentino dress (/wiki/Black_and_white_Valentino_dress_of_Julia_Roberts) ( Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) , 2001) Swan dress (/wiki/Swan_dress) ( Björk (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk) , 2001) Elie Saab net dress (/wiki/Elie_Saab_net_dress_of_Halle_Berry) ( Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) , 2002) Red Ben de Lisi dress ( Kate Winslet (/wiki/Kate_Winslet) , 2002) Red Tarvydas dress (/wiki/Red_Tarvydas_dress_of_Rebecca_Twigley) ( Rebecca Twigley (/wiki/Rebecca_Judd) , 2004) White Marc Bouwer dress (/wiki/White_Marc_Bouwer_dress_of_Angelina_Jolie) ( Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) , 2004) Late Navy blue Guy Laroche dress (/wiki/Navy_blue_Guy_Laroche_dress_of_Hilary_Swank) ( Hilary Swank (/wiki/Hilary_Swank) , 2005) Yellow Valentino dress (/wiki/Yellow_Valentino_dress_of_Cate_Blanchett) ( Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , 2005) Plum Vera Wang dress (/wiki/Plum_Vera_Wang_dress_of_Keira_Knightley) ( Keira Knightley (/wiki/Keira_Knightley) , 2006) Saffron Vera Wang dress (/wiki/Saffron_Vera_Wang_dress_of_Michelle_Williams) ( Michelle Williams (/wiki/Michelle_Williams_(actress)) , 2006) Pink feathered Versace dress (/wiki/Pink_feathered_Versace_dress_of_Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) ( Penélope Cruz (/wiki/Pen%C3%A9lope_Cruz) , 2007) Swarovski crystal mesh Armani dress (/wiki/Swarovski_crystal_mesh_Armani_Priv%C3%A9_gown) ( Cate Blanchett (/wiki/Cate_Blanchett) , 2007) Ivory Jean Paul Gaultier dress (/wiki/Ivory_Jean_Paul_Gaultier_dress_of_Marion_Cotillard) ( Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Marion_Cotillard) , 2008) 2010s Meat dress (/wiki/Meat_dress_of_Lady_Gaga) ( Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , 2010) Black Versace dress (/wiki/Black_Versace_dress_of_Angelina_Jolie) ( Angelina Jolie (/wiki/Angelina_Jolie) , 2012) Blue Prada dress (/wiki/Blue_Prada_dress_of_Lupita_Nyong%27o) ( Lupita Nyong'o (/wiki/Lupita_Nyong%27o) , 2014) Black Christian Siriano tuxedo gown (/wiki/Black_Christian_Siriano_gown_of_Billy_Porter) ( Billy Porter (/wiki/Billy_Porter_(actor)) , 2019) 2020s Autograph suit (/wiki/Autograph_suit_of_Sandy_Powell) ( Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) , 2020) Other notable dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) Category (/wiki/Category:Outfits_worn_at_the_Academy_Awards_ceremonies) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Ben_de_Lisi_dress_of_Kate_Winslet&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐2w9kr Cached time: 20240716051150 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.313 seconds Real time usage: 0.456 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 614/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31996/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 541/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25794/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.216/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3936161/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 422.999 1 -total 36.16% 152.970 2 Template:Navbox 36.15% 152.903 1 Template:Red_carpet_fashion 27.47% 116.208 1 Template:Reflist 22.18% 93.828 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_item 21.73% 91.909 1 Template:Infobox 20.79% 87.950 1 Template:Cite_book 6.02% 25.458 1 Template:Use_British_English 5.42% 22.917 1 Template:Clothing-stub 3.65% 15.430 1 Template:Asbox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31871300-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716051150 and revision id 1124849613. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Ben_de_Lisi_dress_of_Kate_Winslet&oldid=1124849613 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Ben_de_Lisi_dress_of_Kate_Winslet&oldid=1124849613) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2000s fashion (/wiki/Category:2000s_fashion) Outfits worn at the Academy Awards ceremonies (/wiki/Category:Outfits_worn_at_the_Academy_Awards_ceremonies) 2002 clothing (/wiki/Category:2002_clothing) Red dresses (/wiki/Category:Red_dresses) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Use British English from July 2021 (/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_July_2021) Use dmy dates from July 2021 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2021) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Australian-owned online luxury fashion retail platform Cettire Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) ASX: (/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange) CTT (https://www2.asx.com.au/markets/company/ctt) Industry E-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) Founded 2017 Headquarters Melbourne, Australia (/wiki/Melbourne) Key people Dean Mintz, founder and CEO Products Women's fashion, men's fashion, jewellery and accessories Website cettire.com (https://www.cettire.com/) Cettire is an Australian-owned, online luxury fashion retail platform selling clothing, shoes and accessories from over 1300 international high-end fashion brands. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] Founded in 2017 by Dean Mintz, Cettire was created by Ark Technologies, an incubator with a focus on developing technological innovation. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) In December 2020, Cettire (CTT) listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange) (ASX) with a valuation of $190 million. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) The company raised $65 million at 50c per share via an initial public offering. [8] (#cite_note-:0-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Cettire launched in China in June 2024. [10] (#cite_note-10) See also [ edit ] YOOX Net-a-Porter Group (/wiki/YOOX_Net-a-Porter_Group) Farfetch (/wiki/Farfetch) SSENSE (/wiki/SSENSE) Mytheresa (/wiki/Mytheresa) Luxury goods (/wiki/Luxury_goods) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Ong, Thuy (2021-09-28). "Top-Performing Global Luxury Stock Seen Cooling After 680% Gain" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-28/top-performing-global-luxury-stock-seen-cooling-after-680-gain) . Bloomberg . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220210003447/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-28/top-performing-global-luxury-stock-seen-cooling-after-680-gain) from the original on 2022-02-10 . Retrieved 2022-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Harrison, Tristan (2021-09-17). "Cettire (ASX:CTT) share price leaps another 14%, up 66% in a month. Here's why" (https://www.fool.com.au/2021/09/17/cettire-asxctt-share-price-leaps-another-14-up-66-in-a-month-heres-why/) . The Motley Fool . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210918060144/https://www.fool.com.au/2021/09/17/cettire-asxctt-share-price-leaps-another-14-up-66-in-a-month-heres-why/) from the original on 2021-09-18 . Retrieved 2022-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Thompson, Sarah; Macdonald, Anthony; Boyd, Tim (2020-11-02). "Luxury goods, luxury multiple for newbie Cettire" (https://www.afr.com/street-talk/luxury-goods-luxury-multiple-for-newbie-cettire-20201102-p56ami) . Australian Financial Review . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201103000822/https://www.afr.com/street-talk/luxury-goods-luxury-multiple-for-newbie-cettire-20201102-p56ami) from the original on 2020-11-03 . Retrieved 2022-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Cettire Annual Report 2021" (https://cdn-api.markitdigital.com/apiman-gateway/ASX/asx-research/1.0/file/2924-02415102-3A574574?access_token=83ff96335c2d45a094df02a206a39ff4) . cdn-api.markitdigital.com . 2021-08-31. p. 12. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220210003448/https://cdn-api.markitdigital.com/apiman-gateway/ASX/asx-research/1.0/file/2924-02415102-3A574574?access_token=83ff96335c2d45a094df02a206a39ff4) from the original on 2022-02-10 . Retrieved 2022-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Mitchell, Sue; LaFrenz, Carrie (2021-06-12). "Cettire shares soar despite working in a 'cloud of mystery' (https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/cettire-shares-soar-despite-working-in-a-cloud-of-mystery-20210609-p57zdm) " (https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/cettire-shares-soar-despite-working-in-a-cloud-of-mystery-20210609-p57zdm) . Australian Financial Review . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210611090903/https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/cettire-shares-soar-despite-working-in-a-cloud-of-mystery-20210609-p57zdm) from the original on 2021-06-11 . Retrieved 2022-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Cettire Initial Public Offering" (https://cdn-api.markitdigital.com/apiman-gateway/ASX/asx-research/1.0/file/2924-02323907-3A558389?access_token=83ff96335c2d45a094df02a206a39ff4) . cdn-api.markitdigital.com . 2020-12-17. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220210004956/https://cdn-api.markitdigital.com/apiman-gateway/ASX/asx-research/1.0/file/2924-02323907-3A558389?access_token=83ff96335c2d45a094df02a206a39ff4) from the original on 2022-02-10 . Retrieved 2022-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Blake, Dean (2020-12-18). "Australian luxury retailer Cettire valued at $190.6 million on ASX debut" (https://insideretail.com.au/business/australian-luxury-retailer-cettire-valued-at-190-6-million-on-asx-debut-202012) . Inside Retail . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210306231730/https://insideretail.com.au/business/australian-luxury-retailer-cettire-valued-at-190-6-million-on-asx-debut-202012) from the original on 2021-03-06 . Retrieved 2022-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_8-0) Goerling, Samantha (2020-12-18). "Cettire (ASX:CTT) lists on ASX after $65M IPO" (https://themarketherald.com.au/cettire-asxctt-lists-on-asx-after-65m-ipo-2020-12-18/) . The Market Herald . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201218052801/https://themarketherald.com.au/cettire-asxctt-lists-on-asx-after-65m-ipo-2020-12-18/) from the original on 2020-12-18 . Retrieved 2022-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Thompson, Sarah; Macdonald, Anthony; Boyd, Tim (2020-11-22). "Online retailer Cettire sets IPO at 2.2x net sales" (https://www.afr.com/street-talk/online-retailer-cettire-sets-ipo-at-2-2x-net-sales-20201122-p56gsf) . Australian Financial Review . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201122075842/https://www.afr.com/street-talk/online-retailer-cettire-sets-ipo-at-2-2x-net-sales-20201122-p56gsf) from the original on 2020-11-22 . Retrieved 2022-02-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Ignacio, Celene (2024-06-24). "Cettire confirms launch in China, forecasts higher sales" (https://insideretail.com.au/top-stories/cettire-confirms-launch-in-china-forecasts-higher-sales-202406) . Inside Retail Australia . Retrieved 2024-07-09 . 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Serbian fashion model Olya Ivanisevic Born Olga Ivanišević ( 1988-04-28 ) 28 April 1988 (age 36) Belgrade (/wiki/Belgrade) , SFR Yugoslavia (/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia) Modeling information Height 1.79 m (5 ft 10 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Olya Ivanisevic ( Serbian (/wiki/Serbian_language) : Оља Иванишевић / Olja Ivanišević ) (born 28 April 1988) is a Serbian fashion model (/wiki/Model_(person)) . She has been on the cover of Italian "Flair" (April 2008), "Marie Claire" (November 2008), "Velvet" (November 2009); and the Serbian Elle (May 2010). [1] (#cite_note-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Olya Ivanisevic - Fashion Model | Models | Photos, Editorials & Latest News | the FMD" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/olya_ivanisevic/) . External links [ edit ] FMD Profile (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/olya_ivanisevic/) Olya Fashion spot (http://forums.thefashionspot.com/f52/olya-ivanisevic-july-2006-november-2009-a-46939.html) Olya Ivanisevic (http://www.supermodels.nl/olyaivanisevic) This Serbian biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olya_Ivanisevic&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐sk9pq Cached time: 20240713051122 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.375 seconds Real time usage: 0.525 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2023/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16110/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2506/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12209/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.301/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 19851049/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 509.176 1 -total 34.53% 175.823 1 Template:Infobox_model 19.37% 98.635 1 Template:Reflist 17.42% 88.708 1 Template:Cite_web 17.01% 86.606 1 Template:Lang-sr 12.92% 65.779 1 Template:Serbia-bio-stub 12.81% 65.230 1 Template:Short_description 12.62% 64.279 1 Template:Asbox 7.35% 37.413 1 Template:Infobox 7.21% 36.734 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:30951197-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713051122 and revision id 1038336456. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olya_Ivanisevic&oldid=1038336456 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olya_Ivanisevic&oldid=1038336456) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1988 births (/wiki/Category:1988_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Models from Belgrade (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Belgrade) Serbian female models (/wiki/Category:Serbian_female_models) Serbian people stubs (/wiki/Category:Serbian_people_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles containing Serbian-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Serbian-language_text) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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British fashion designer (born 1951) Sheridan Barnett Born 1951 (age 72–73) Bradford (/wiki/Bradford) , England Occupation Fashion designer Notable credit Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) (1983) [1] (#cite_note-FE_Almond-1) Sheridan Barnett (born 1951) is a British former fashion designer who worked with London boutique Quorum (/wiki/Alice_Pollock) and launched the brand Barnett and Brown with Sheilagh Brown (/wiki/Sheilagh_Brown) during the late 1970s. He went on to combine own-brand design with freelance work for names such as Jaeger (/wiki/Jaeger_(clothing)) , Norman Hartnell (/wiki/Norman_Hartnell) and Reldan (/wiki/Digby_Morton) , also working as a university academic. Barnett won Bath Museum of Costume (/wiki/Bath_Museum_of_Costume) 's Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) award in 1983. Background and early career [ edit ] Sheridan Barnett was born in Bradford (/wiki/Bradford) in 1951 and moved to London to study art at Hornsey College of Art (/wiki/Hornsey_College_of_Art) and then Chelsea College of Art (/wiki/Chelsea_College_of_Art) , completing his studies in 1973. [1] (#cite_note-FE_Almond-1) He worked first as a pattern grader (/wiki/Pattern_grading) with Ossie Clark (/wiki/Ossie_Clark) and Celia Birtwell (/wiki/Celia_Birtwell) , then hugely influential designers for the boutique Quorum. [1] (#cite_note-FE_Almond-1) By this stage the boutique had been sold by Alice Pollock (/wiki/Alice_Pollock) to Alfred Radley (/wiki/Alfred_Radley) . [2] (#cite_note-Very_Brown-2) Later career [ edit ] Barnett and Sheilagh Brown began a closer design association with Quorum, designing both under their own names and the Barnett and Brown eponym. [3] (#cite_note-Sheilagh_Brown_interview-3) Their joint label continued to gain in momentum after Quorum closed in 1975. [1] (#cite_note-FE_Almond-1) [4] (#cite_note-Vogue_OC-4) [5] (#cite_note-FIT-5) While the label was critically successful, it would later flounder financially. Speaking in 2009 in a film produced for the Super Contemporary exhibition at London's Design Museum (/wiki/Design_Museum) , Brown recalled how the duo had set up shop in South Molton Street opposite Browns (/wiki/Browns_(fashion_boutique)) adding: "We did the clothes that everybody wanted. If they couldn't afford them – they had giant buttons – they would steal the buttons off the clothes. We were in every fashion magazine; we were the feted couple". [3] (#cite_note-Sheilagh_Brown_interview-3) By the early 1980s, Barnett had become an established part of what Brenda Polan and Roger Tredre described as London fashion's "creative renaissance", with a peer group that included Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , Wendy Dagworthy (/wiki/Wendy_Dagworthy) , BodyMap (/wiki/BodyMap) and Katharine Hamnett (/wiki/Katharine_Hamnett) [6] (#cite_note-Great_Fashion_Designers_Polan-6) He won the Dress of the Year award in 1983 – his linen dress and coat was selected by Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) fashion editor Sally Brampton (/wiki/Sally_Brampton) . [7] (#cite_note-Fashion_Museum_Bath_DotY-7) An article about London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) in The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) in 1984 singled out Barnett – alongside Jean Muir (/wiki/Jean_Muir) and Zandra Rhodes (/wiki/Zandra_Rhodes) – as being of world-class calibre, adding: "Sheridan Barnett blends British understatement and a dash of American sportswear in his unobtrusive designs". [8] (#cite_note-NYT_B_Morris-8) Freelance work [ edit ] Barnett always considered himself a freelance designer and also collaborated with more traditional fashion names, including Jaeger and Norman Hartnell. [1] (#cite_note-FE_Almond-1) His collaboration with Hartnell – working alongside the designers Victor Edelstein (/wiki/Victor_Edelstein) and Allahn McCrae (/w/index.php?title=Allahn_McCrae&action=edit&redlink=1) – was greeted enthusiastically by The New York Times in 1986. "The tailored day clothes by Mr. Barnett are the most impressive, carrying some of the slickness of Italian workmanship in well-made coats and suits." [9] (#cite_note-NYT-9) In the 1990s, Barnett worked with Marks & Spencer (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) fashion supplier Claremont. [1] (#cite_note-FE_Almond-1) Alongside his design work, Barnett worked as a tutor at Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) , where his students included John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) . [1] (#cite_note-FE_Almond-1) During his early design career, he also employed Galiano's successor at Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.) Bill Gaytten (/w/index.php?title=Bill_Gaytten&action=edit&redlink=1) . [10] (#cite_note-Indie_Frankel-10) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Almond, Kevin; Mallett, Daryl F. "Barnett, Sheridan" (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Ba-Bo/Barnett-Sheridan.html) . fashionencyclopedia.com . Retrieved 1 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Very_Brown_2-0) Brown, Sheilagh. "Sheilagh Brown and Sheridan Barnett" (http://www.verymagazine.org/magazine/issue-15/12-issue-15/36-sheilagh-brown-a-sheridan-barnett) . Very Magazine . No. 15 . Retrieved 5 August 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Sheilagh Brown" (https://vimeo.com/10603035) . vimeo.com . Retrieved 5 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_OC_4-0) staff. "Ossie Clark" (http://www.vogue.com/voguepedia/Ossie_Clark) . Vogue . Retrieved 6 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-FIT_5-0) biography. "Ossie Clark" (http://fashionmuseum.fitnyc.edu/view/people/asitem/items$0040:4897/0;jsessionid=59E03F7CCF831CD124AF6ED452DFAC79?t:state:flow=71c2532d-e018-4fb9-9538-59920ee8ede0) . fashionmuseum.fitnyc.edu . FIT . Retrieved 6 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Great_Fashion_Designers_Polan_6-0) Polan, Brenda; Tredre, Roger (2009). The Great Fashion Designers . Oxford: Berg. p. 173. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781847882288 . Retrieved 5 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fashion_Museum_Bath_DotY_7-0) "Dress of the Year" (http://www.fashionmuseum.co.uk/galleries/dress-year) . fashionmuseum.co.uk . Retrieved 14 June 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-NYT_B_Morris_8-0) Morris, Bernadine (16 October 1984). "A new vitality marks openings in London" (https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/16/style/a-new-vitality-marks-openings-in-london.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 1 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-NYT_9-0) Morris, Bernadine (18 March 1986). "London's new mood: classic dashing fashion" (https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/18/style/london-s-new-mood-classic-dashing-fashion.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 1 August 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Indie_Frankel_10-0) Frankel, Susannah (1 October 2011). "Christian Dior shows there's life after Galliano – and before Jacobs" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/christian-dior-shows-theres-life-after-galliano-ndash-and-before-jacobs-2363981.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 5 August 2014 . External links [ edit ] V&A collections: coat, hat and veil by Sheridan Barnett with dress by Sheilagh Brown (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O84288/ensemble-barnett-sheridan/) 1976 UK (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2014/02/24/beatrix-miller-obituary-british-vogue-editor-died-covers-archive/gallery/560985) Vogue cover showing Sheridan Barnett jumpsuit from Quorum (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2014/02/24/beatrix-miller-obituary-british-vogue-editor-died-covers-archive/gallery/560985) Dezeen film with Sheilagh Brown (Barnett's former design partner) for Super Contemporary exhibition at the Design Museum, 2009 – Sheridan Barnett partnership discussed from 5.40 (https://vimeo.com/10603035) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐648b78d466‐fqbxd Cached time: 20240625031550 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.314 seconds Real time usage: 0.478 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2171/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20509/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1639/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 40147/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.196/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6076553/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 453.684 1 -total 32.72% 148.464 1 Template:Infobox_person 30.89% 140.143 1 Template:Reflist 26.33% 119.456 1 Template:Short_description 20.66% 93.745 4 Template:Cite_web 18.02% 81.764 17 Template:Main_other 14.59% 66.174 1 Template:SDcat 11.71% 53.128 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.66% 43.837 1 Template:Birth_year_and_age 8.82% 40.036 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43487835-0!canonical and timestamp 20240625031550 and revision id 1073096897. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheridan_Barnett&oldid=1073096897 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheridan_Barnett&oldid=1073096897) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1951 births (/wiki/Category:1951_births) Businesspeople from Bradford (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Bradford) British fashion designers (/wiki/Category:British_fashion_designers) Academics of Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Category:Academics_of_Central_Saint_Martins) 1970s fashion (/wiki/Category:1970s_fashion) 1980s fashion (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) 1990s fashion (/wiki/Category:1990s_fashion) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) EngvarB from October 2017 (/wiki/Category:EngvarB_from_October_2017) Use dmy dates from October 2017 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2017) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards)
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Hong Kong-born French billionaire Carrie Perrodo 黃嘉兒 Born Ka Yee Wong 1950 or 1951 (age 72–73) [1] (#cite_note-forbes-1) Hong Kong Nationality Hong Konger and French Occupation Businesswoman Spouse Hubert Perrodo (/wiki/Hubert_Perrodo) (died 2006 ) Children 3 Ka Yee "Carrie" Wong Perrodo ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 黃嘉兒 ; born 1950/51) is a Hong Kong-born French billionaire (/wiki/Billionaire) heiress and businesswoman. She is the owner of the oil group Perenco (/wiki/Perenco) , which was founded by her late husband Hubert (/wiki/Hubert_Perrodo) . Early life and career [ edit ] Ka Yee "Carrie" Wong was born in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) and moved to Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) to pursue a modelling career. Later she founded and sold a modeling agency (/wiki/Modeling_agency) , Carrie's Models, which is still active in Singapore. [2] (#cite_note-Forbes-2) Personal life [ edit ] She was married to French businessman Hubert Perrodo (/wiki/Hubert_Perrodo) (1944–2006), founder and sole owner of the Anglo-French oil and gas company Perenco (/wiki/Perenco) . [2] (#cite_note-Forbes-2) [3] (#cite_note-Perenco-3) They had three children, [3] (#cite_note-Perenco-3) François Hubert Marie Perrodo (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Perrodo) (born 14 February 1977), chairman of Perenco, Nathalie Perrodo-Samani (born 1980), and Bertrand Nicolas Hubert Perrodo (born 1984). [2] (#cite_note-Forbes-2) She lives in London, England. [1] (#cite_note-forbes-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Forbes profile: Carrie Perrodo & family" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/carrie-perrodo/) . Forbes . Retrieved 12 August 2020 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Revealed: The Frenchman, The Model, And Their $10 Billion Oil Fortune" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2014/02/07/revealed-the-frenchman-the-model-and-their-10-billion-oil-fortune/) . Forbes . 7 February 2014 . Retrieved 12 November 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "A Tribute to Hubert Perrodo" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141031232806/http://www.perenco.com/about-us/tribute.html) . Perenco . Archived from the original (http://www.perenco.com/about-us/tribute.html) on 31 October 2014 . Retrieved 12 November 2014 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐26wpn Cached time: 20240720183512 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.279 seconds Real time usage: 0.409 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2368/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12221/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3151/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 25/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14508/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.159/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5190590/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 395.591 1 -total 53.18% 210.374 1 Template:Infobox_person 34.27% 135.567 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 28.99% 114.673 1 Template:Marriage 24.46% 96.780 1 Template:Reflist 19.55% 77.328 2 Template:Cite_web 17.14% 67.806 2 Template:Str_≠_len 16.08% 63.606 1 Template:Short_description 8.68% 34.339 2 Template:Pagetype 7.67% 30.329 17 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44377356-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720183512 and revision id 1196020745. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrie_Perrodo&oldid=1196020745 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrie_Perrodo&oldid=1196020745) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1950s births (/wiki/Category:1950s_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) French businesspeople (/wiki/Category:French_businesspeople) French billionaires (/wiki/Category:French_billionaires) Female billionaires (/wiki/Category:Female_billionaires) Hong Kong emigrants to Singapore (/wiki/Category:Hong_Kong_emigrants_to_Singapore) French people of Hong Kong descent (/wiki/Category:French_people_of_Hong_Kong_descent) Hong Kong billionaires (/wiki/Category:Hong_Kong_billionaires) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text) Year of birth missing (living people) (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people))
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1750s fashion (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1750s_fashion) . Fashion in the 1750s. 1700s (/wiki/Category:1700s_fashion) 1710s (/wiki/Category:1710s_fashion) 1720s (/wiki/Category:1720s_fashion) 1730s (/wiki/Category:1730s_fashion) 1740s (/wiki/Category:1740s_fashion) 1750s 1760s (/wiki/Category:1760s_fashion) 1770s (/wiki/Category:1770s_fashion) 1780s (/wiki/Category:1780s_fashion) 1790s (/wiki/Category:1790s_fashion) 1800s (/wiki/Category:1800s_fashion) 13th (/wiki/Category:13th-century_fashion) 14th (/wiki/Category:14th-century_fashion) 15th (/wiki/Category:15th-century_fashion) 16th (/wiki/Category:16th-century_fashion) 17th (/wiki/Category:17th-century_fashion) 18th (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) 19th (/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion) 20th (/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion) 21st (/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion) 22nd 23rd NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐h6k4q Cached time: 20240721181240 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.139 seconds Real time usage: 0.251 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 276/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6266/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 367/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 23/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6719/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.099/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1524566/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 238.582 1 -total 65.19% 155.523 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_centuries_below_decade 27.63% 65.924 1 Template:Commons_category 26.67% 63.624 1 Template:Sister_project 25.85% 61.665 1 Template:Side_box 11.39% 27.176 2 Template:If_then_show 5.73% 13.673 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 3.69% 8.792 1 Template:Category_other 3.01% 7.190 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 1.33% 3.182 1 Template:Title_decade Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38830955-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721181240 and revision id 1081501755. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "1750s fashion" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 1750–1775 in Western fashion (/wiki/1750%E2%80%931775_in_Western_fashion) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1750s_fashion&oldid=1081501755 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1750s_fashion&oldid=1081501755) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1750s (/wiki/Category:1750s) 18th-century fashion (/wiki/Category:18th-century_fashion) History of clothing (Western fashion) (/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)) 1750s in art (/wiki/Category:1750s_in_art) Fashion by decade (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_decade) Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Category series navigation decade and century (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_decade_and_century) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Chinese entrepreneur This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Wei Brian" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Wei+Brian%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Wei+Brian%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Wei+Brian%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Wei+Brian%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Wei+Brian%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Wei+Brian%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Wei Brian is a skin care entrepreneur and CEO of Wei East and Wei Beauty Brands. [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] Wei Brian was born in 1963 and lived in Wuhan (/wiki/Wuhan) , the capital city of the Hubei Province (/wiki/Hubei_Province) found in Central China (/wiki/China) . Brian earned a Bachelor of Science degree at Wuhan University. In 1985, Brian came to the United States (/wiki/United_States) to obtain her master's degree in Computer Science at Drexel University (/wiki/Drexel_University) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Career [ edit ] In 2002 Brian began selling her Wei East line on HSN (/wiki/Home_Shopping_Network) (Home Shopping Network). [2] (#cite_note-2) In the beginning several HSN executives were cautious of the idea of using her sales idea. At first Wei Brian had almost no media training. She had a strong accent, [3] (#cite_note-ChanZakhourp162-3) and this gave her credibility that increased her sales volumes. [4] (#cite_note-ChanZakhourp163-4) Savio S. Chan (陳少宏, Pinyin: Chén Shàohóng ) and Michael Zakkour, authors of China's Super Consumers: What 1 Billion Customers Want and How to Sell it to Them (/wiki/China%27s_Super_Consumers:_What_1_Billion_Customers_Want_and_How_to_Sell_it_to_Them) , wrote that Brian's "passion and authenticity came through." [3] (#cite_note-ChanZakhourp162-3) According to Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) , in 2010 Brian partnered with Space NK (/wiki/Space_NK) stores in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) and United States (/wiki/United_States) to introduce a 12-unit prestige treatment line called WEI Beauty. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2009 Brian won the Asian Women in Business Entrepreneurial Leadership Award. Brian also launched We Help, a community outreach program dedicated to a variety of philanthropic causes. Its first priority was to support families faced with autism (/wiki/Autism) , through contributions to Autism Speaks and the Autism Treatment Center of America. [6] (#cite_note-6) Featured in Oprah's "O" Magazine – March 2008 issue. Featured in Forbes Asia article titled "China Fashion & Design 30", featuring 30 of the top influencers in China Fashion, Jewelry, Beauty, Architecture & Home Décor industries – December 2015 issue. Featured in December 2015 Forbes Asia References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Liao, Sharon. "Natural Beauty Gurus: the 10 Questions I Always Ask, Wei Y. Brian" (http://wholelivingdaily.wholeliving.com/2012/11/natural-beauty-gurus-the-10-questions-i-always-ask-wei-y-brian.html) . Whole Living Daily . Retrieved November 28, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Sandoval, Kate (March 2008). Spotlight on Wei Yang Brian . New York. p. 132. {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : |work= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored) ) CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ a b Chan, Savio and Michael Zakkour. China's Super Consumers: What 1 Billion Customers Want and How to Sell it to Them (/wiki/China%27s_Super_Consumers:_What_1_Billion_Customers_Want_and_How_to_Sell_it_to_Them) . John Wiley & Sons (/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons) , 2014. Online: p. 162 (https://books.google.com/books?id=13LvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA162) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1118834747 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1118834747) , 9781118834749. print: ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-118-83474-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-83474-9) p. 162. ("From East to West to Wei East", start p. 161, in Chapter 18: Marketing) ^ (#cite_ref-ChanZakhourp163_4-0) Chan, Savio and Michael Zakkour. China's Super Consumers: What 1 Billion Customers Want and How to Sell it to Them (/wiki/China%27s_Super_Consumers:_What_1_Billion_Customers_Want_and_How_to_Sell_it_to_Them) . John Wiley & Sons (/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons) , 2014. Online: p. 163 (https://books.google.com/books?id=13LvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA163) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1118834747 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/1118834747) , 9781118834749. print: ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-118-83474-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-83474-9) p. 163. ("From East to West to Wei East", start p. 161, in Chapter 18: Marketing) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Brid, Costello (February 24, 2010). "Beauty Beat: Wei Skin Care Line Heads to Space NK" (https://wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/wei-treatment-line-to-roll-out-at-space-nk-2506132/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved February 28, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Asian Women in Business. "2009 AWIB Entrepreneurial Leadership Award Winner" (http://www.awib.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.viewpage&pageid=1101) . City Soft Community Enterprise. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : |last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) (December 2015). China Fashion & Design 30. Forbes Asia. p. 84. External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.weibeauty.com) This article about an American businessperson born in the 1960s is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Amy Butler is a creative designer from the United States, specializing in fabric designs and patterns. Career [ edit ] Amy Butler is a former contributing editor for Country Living (/wiki/Country_Living) magazine, where she began publishing her designs. After moving back to her native Ohio with her husband, she established her freelance design company, [1] (#cite_note-Lam-1) Art of the Midwest, in 1992. [2] (#cite_note-2) Butler has diversified into several product ranges, including several books, stationery products, wallpaper, organic bedding and towels. [3] (#cite_note-3) Butler recently decided to diversify the business further, and an electronic magazine launched in 2012, Blossom . Butler describes her "personal style" as "A fresh, modern take on vintage style". [4] (#cite_note-4) Butler's work has been featured in editorial pieces for decorating and design magazines worldwide, including Better Homes and Gardens (/wiki/Better_Homes_and_Gardens_(magazine)) , Livingetc. (/w/index.php?title=Livingetc.&action=edit&redlink=1) , Schönerwohnen (/w/index.php?title=Sch%C3%B6nerwohnen&action=edit&redlink=1) , Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , Maison Coté Ouest (/w/index.php?title=Maison_Cot%C3%A9_Ouest&action=edit&redlink=1) , Burda Style (/wiki/Burda_Style) , and many others. [5] (#cite_note-5) Butler is one of the top-selling quilting and home-sewing fabric designers, and is considered within the business to be a "celebrity fabric designer", [6] (#cite_note-6) similar to Kaffe Fassett (/wiki/Kaffe_Fassett) , appearing often at large trade shows. [7] (#cite_note-7) Butler has collaborated on a variety of projects with her husband, designer David Butler, including several books on topics such as traditional country cookery and philosophy. They also collaborate in the design of Blossom . Books by Amy Butler [ edit ] Sewing Amy Butler's Style Stitches (photography by David Butler) (2010) Amy Butler's In Stitches (photography by Colin McGuire) (2006) Amy Butler's Midwest Modern (photography by David Butler) (2007) Amy Butler's Little Stitches for Little Ones (photography by Colin McGuire) (2008) Sew-It Kit (Photography by Colin McGuire) (2007) Other Found Style (co-written with David Butler) (2003) External links [ edit ] Interview with Amy Butler about her business, 2012. (http://smartcreativewomen.com/getting-to-know-amy-butler-s-spirit-as-she-talks-about-blossom-magazine-and-her-business-part-1/) Interview with Amy Butler about her book (https://web.archive.org/web/20110223023331/http://www.prairiemod.com/features/2008/09/make-amy-butler.html) Midwest Modern . (https://web.archive.org/web/20110223023331/http://www.prairiemod.com/features/2008/09/make-amy-butler.html) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Lam_1-0) Lam, Lisa. "Crafting Heroes Interview with Amy Butler" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130115111622/http://www.sparkplugging.com/craft-boom/crafting-heroes-interview-with-amy-butler-pattern-fabric-designer-and-author-extraordinaire/) . Craft Boom Blog. Archived from the original (http://www.sparkplugging.com/craft-boom/crafting-heroes-interview-with-amy-butler-pattern-fabric-designer-and-author-extraordinaire/) on January 15, 2013 . Retrieved December 6, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kelly, Bryan. "MAKE: Amy Butler's Midwest Modern" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110223023331/http://www.prairiemod.com/features/2008/09/make-amy-butler.html) . PrairieMod. Archived from the original (http://www.prairiemod.com/features/2008/09/make-amy-butler.html) on February 23, 2011 . Retrieved December 6, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Amy Butler" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121023190219/http://thedecoratingdiva.com/amy-butler/) . The Decorating Diva. Archived from the original (http://thedecoratingdiva.com/amy-butler/) on October 23, 2012 . Retrieved December 6, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "BHG Style Spotters: Behind-the-Scenes with Stylemaker Amy Butler" (http://www.bhg.com/blogs/better-homes-and-gardens-style-blog/2012/08/17/behind-the-scenes-with-stylemaker-amy-butler/) . Better Homes and Gardens . Retrieved December 6, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Press" (http://www.amybutlerdesign.com/press/) . Amy Butler Design . Retrieved December 6, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Wild, Denise. "Meeting Amy Butler" (http://www.lovesewing.com/magazine/2012/11/meeting-amy-butler/) . LoveSewing Magazine . Retrieved December 6, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Rex, Tara. "Amy Butler Archives: Wednesday Wisdom... Inspiration from TCC" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121113112901/http://wherewomencreate.com/tag/amy-butler/) . Where Women Create. Archived from the original (http://wherewomencreate.com/tag/amy-butler/) on November 13, 2012 . Retrieved December 6, 2012 . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1559517/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000066693277) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/90757591) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtCBVpbxktFqfYCFcdvpP) National Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007340354205171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n00009400) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=osa2012734736&CON_LNG=ENG) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p321156129) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/172149304) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐p5b8r Cached time: 20240715095103 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.231 seconds Real time usage: 0.295 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 400/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17722/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 113/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30723/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.171/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3855904/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 271.053 1 -total 58.36% 158.186 1 Template:Reflist 49.88% 135.208 7 Template:Cite_web 41.60% 112.761 1 Template:Authority_control 0.58% 1.563 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37856370-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715095103 and revision id 918024021. 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Clothing for the upper body This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Fracket&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Fracket&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Fracket) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Fracket) for suggestions. ( August 2023 ) A fracket is a term that was coined by American college students to describe a jacket that is used with the sole purpose of attending a fraternity party to keep warm. What sets a fracket apart from a jacket is the voluntary suspension by the owner of the expectation that the jacket will remain in their custody. The difficulty of keeping track of one's jacket while attending a fraternity party, paired with the need to stay warm to and from the event, led to the development of the concept of frackets. The practice essentially allows for the situational social acceptance of theft – under the pretense that the property was expected by the original owner to be stolen. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lange, Maggie (October 24, 2014). "The Best Idea Ever to Come From a Frat Party" (https://www.thecut.com/2014/10/song-of-praise-for-the-fracket-a-frat-jacket.html) . The Cut (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)#The_Cut) . Retrieved August 14, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Frackets and Beaters and Bears, Oh My!" (https://www.34st.com/article/2023/03/fraternity-greek-life-fashion-sorority-student-culture-fracket-beater) . www.34st.com . Retrieved August 14, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Cobb, Emma C.; Rubin-Budick, Sylvie; Steinman, Jill E. "Anatomy of a Fracket | Flyby | The Harvard Crimson" (https://www.thecrimson.com/flyby/article/2013/12/5/fracket-diagram-cold-coat/) . The Harvard Crimson (/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson) . Retrieved August 14, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Swiatkowski, Megan (February 22, 2013). "The Fracket Bible" (https://onwardstate.com/2013/02/22/the-fracket-bible/) . Onward State (/wiki/Onward_State) . Retrieved August 14, 2023 . External links [ edit ] The Best Places To Get Your Fracket – Onward State (https://onwardstate.com/2013/09/27/the-best-places-to-get-your-fracket/) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fracket&action=edit) . v t e This article about a fraternity or sorority (/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fracket&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐dwdcm Cached time: 20240712180529 Cache expiry: 1662872 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.219 seconds Real time usage: 0.302 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 648/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20262/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1649/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25154/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.157/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4459755/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 284.597 1 -total 33.51% 95.367 1 Template:Reflist 29.34% 83.487 4 Template:Cite_web 22.45% 63.895 1 Template:Short_description 20.09% 57.167 1 Template:Clothing-stub 20.06% 57.097 2 Template:Asbox 17.90% 50.947 1 Template:Orphan 16.31% 46.419 1 Template:Draft_other 15.76% 44.863 1 Template:Ambox 12.92% 36.771 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74591612-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712180529 and revision id 1188201215. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fracket&oldid=1188201215 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fracket&oldid=1188201215) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Jackets (/wiki/Category:Jackets) Fraternity and sorority culture (/wiki/Category:Fraternity_and_sorority_culture) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Fraternity and sorority stubs (/wiki/Category:Fraternity_and_sorority_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Orphaned articles from August 2023 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_August_2023) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles) Use mdy dates from August 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2023) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Handbags (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Handbags) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐wccbs Cached time: 20240720165153 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.046 seconds Real time usage: 0.067 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 126/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2407/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 257/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1202/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.025/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 946190/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 61.471 1 Template:Commons_category 100.00% 61.471 1 -total 96.67% 59.421 1 Template:Sister_project 93.63% 57.555 1 Template:Side_box 8.38% 5.150 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10155320-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720165153 and revision id 833623239. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Bags (fashion)" The following 90 pages are in this category, out of 90 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Handbag (/wiki/Handbag) B Baguette (bag) (/wiki/Baguette_(bag)) Baldinini (/wiki/Baldinini) BeachMint (/wiki/BeachMint) Belber (/wiki/Belber) BiArtis (/wiki/BiArtis) Birkin bag (/wiki/Birkin_bag) Bottega Giotti (/wiki/Bottega_Giotti) Braccialini (/wiki/Braccialini) Malan Breton (/wiki/Malan_Breton) C Celine (brand) (/wiki/Celine_(brand)) Chanel 2.55 (/wiki/Chanel_2.55) Charles & Keith (/wiki/Charles_%26_Keith) Coach New York (/wiki/Coach_New_York) Courtauld bag (/wiki/Courtauld_bag) Crocodile skin (/wiki/Crocodile_skin) D Delvaux (company) (/wiki/Delvaux_(company)) Diaper bag (/wiki/Diaper_bag) Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) Dooney & Bourke (/wiki/Dooney_%26_Bourke) Drawstring pants (/wiki/Drawstring_pants) Duluth pack (/wiki/Duluth_pack) E English Retreads (/wiki/English_Retreads) ESSE Purse Museum (/wiki/ESSE_Purse_Museum) F Fanny pack (/wiki/Fanny_pack) FEED Projects (/wiki/FEED_Projects) Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) Finnigans (/wiki/Finnigans) Flight bag (/wiki/Flight_bag) Furla (/wiki/Furla) G Gaji bag (/wiki/Gaji_bag) Genny (/wiki/Genny) Gibeciere (/wiki/Gibeciere) Emily Gimmel (/wiki/Emily_Gimmel) Golla (company) (/wiki/Golla_(company)) Great Greenland Furhouse (/wiki/Great_Greenland_Furhouse) Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) H Hambiliya (/wiki/Hambiliya) Haversack (/wiki/Haversack) Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) Hervé Chapelier (/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Chapelier) Hobo bag (/wiki/Hobo_bag) I It bag (/wiki/It_bag) Ita-bag (/wiki/Ita-bag) J JC Vickery (/wiki/JC_Vickery) Jil Sander (brand) (/wiki/Jil_Sander_(brand)) Ju-Ju-Be (brand) (/wiki/Ju-Ju-Be_(brand)) K Kate Spade New York (/wiki/Kate_Spade_New_York) Kelly bag (/wiki/Kelly_bag) Kinchaku (/wiki/Kinchaku) Kiondo (/wiki/Kiondo) Kooba (/wiki/Kooba) L Lady Dior (/wiki/Lady_Dior) Lancel (company) (/wiki/Lancel_(company)) Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin) LeSportsac (/wiki/LeSportsac) Liu Jo (/wiki/Liu_Jo) Longchamp (company) (/wiki/Longchamp_(company)) M Maison Maquet (/wiki/Maison_Maquet) Maison Yoshiki Paris (/wiki/Maison_Yoshiki_Paris) Marina Rinaldi (/wiki/Marina_Rinaldi) Messenger bag (/wiki/Messenger_bag) Miche (bag) (/wiki/Miche_(bag)) Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) Moynat (/wiki/Moynat) Museum of Bags and Purses (/wiki/Museum_of_Bags_and_Purses) O O bag (/wiki/O_bag) P Piquadro (/wiki/Piquadro) Polène (/wiki/Pol%C3%A8ne) Prada (/wiki/Prada) Purse accessories (/wiki/Purse_accessories) Purse party (/wiki/Purse_party) R Randoseru (/wiki/Randoseru) Reticule (handbag) (/wiki/Reticule_(handbag)) Rosetti (company) (/wiki/Rosetti_(company)) S Satchel (/wiki/Satchel) Scappino (fashion house) (/wiki/Scappino_(fashion_house)) Sergio Rossi (/wiki/Sergio_Rossi) Shang Xia (/wiki/Shang_Xia) Shell purse (/wiki/Shell_purse) Simone Handbag Museum (/wiki/Simone_Handbag_Museum) Skirt-bag (/wiki/Skirt-bag) Sporran (/wiki/Sporran) Sutton Hoo purse-lid (/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_purse-lid) V Valextra (/wiki/Valextra) Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) W Wallet (/wiki/Wallet) Wristpack (/wiki/Wristpack) X XOXO (brand) (/wiki/XOXO_(brand)) Y Yoshida & Co., Ltd. (/wiki/Yoshida_%26_Co.,_Ltd.) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Bags_(fashion)&oldid=833623239 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Bags_(fashion)&oldid=833623239) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Bags (/wiki/Category:Bags) Fashion accessories (/wiki/Category:Fashion_accessories) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Azurée is a leather/animalic chypre (/wiki/Chypre) fragrance (/wiki/Fragrance) created in 1969 for Estée Lauder (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Its name is French for " azure (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/azure) ". Azurée was inspired by the Mediterranean warmth near Mrs. Estée Lauder's vacation home (/wiki/Vacation_home) in Cap d'Antibes (/wiki/Cap_d%27Antibes) . [2] (#cite_note-2) It has top notes of basil (/wiki/Basil) , jasmine (/wiki/Jasmine) and citrus (/wiki/Citrus) , middle notes of armoise, vetiver (/wiki/Vetiver) and rose, and base notes of patchouli (/wiki/Patchouli) , oakmoss (/wiki/Oakmoss) and amber. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Azurée (https://www.fragrantica.com/perfume/Est-e-Lauder/Azuree-Pure-554.html) fragrantica.com ^ (#cite_ref-2) Azurée (https://www.esteelauder.com/product/571/35423/product-catalog/fragrance/azuree/eau-de-parfum-spray) ^ (#cite_ref-3) Azurée (http://www.debenhams.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/prod_10701_10001_123011902699_-1) Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) v t e Perfumes (/wiki/Perfume) Overview History (/wiki/History_of_perfume) List of perfumes (/wiki/List_of_perfumes) Types Solid perfume (/wiki/Solid_perfume) Eau de Cologne (/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne) Eau de toilette (/wiki/Eau_de_toilette) Essential oils (/wiki/List_of_essential_oils) Pomander (/wiki/Pomander) Chypre (/wiki/Chypre) Fougère (/wiki/Foug%C3%A8re) Ingredients (/wiki/Category:Perfume_ingredients) Plant sources (/wiki/Perfume#Plant_sources) including Herbal distillates (/wiki/Herbal_distillate) Animal sources (/wiki/Perfume#Animal_sources) Synthetic (/wiki/Aroma_compound) Science Aromachology (/wiki/Aromachology) Fragrance wheel (/wiki/Fragrance_wheel) Fragrance extraction (/wiki/Fragrance_extraction) Note (/wiki/Note_(perfumery)) Scentography (/wiki/Scentography) Professions Perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) Organizations Fragrance Museum (/wiki/Fragrance_Museum) Fragrances of the World (/wiki/Fragrances_of_the_World) International Fragrance Association (/wiki/International_Fragrance_Association) Musée du Parfum (/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Parfum) Osmothèque (/wiki/Osmoth%C3%A8que) Research Institute of Fragrance Materials (/wiki/Research_Institute_of_Fragrance_Materials) Théâtre-Musée des Capucines (/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-Mus%C3%A9e_des_Capucines) The Fragrance Foundation (/wiki/The_Fragrance_Foundation) ISIPCA (/wiki/ISIPCA) Basenotes (/wiki/Basenotes) People Ernest Beaux (/wiki/Ernest_Beaux) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) François Coty (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty) Ernest Daltroff (/wiki/Ernest_Daltroff) Michael Edwards (/wiki/Michael_Edwards_(fragrance_expert)) Johann Maria Farina (/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina) Jacques Guerlain (/wiki/Jacques_Guerlain) Adolph Goetting (/wiki/Adolph_Goetting) David H. McConnell (/wiki/David_H._McConnell) Luca Turin (/wiki/Luca_Turin) Edmond Roudnitska (/wiki/Edmond_Roudnitska) Companies Avon Products (/wiki/Avon_Products) Caron (/wiki/Parfums_Caron) Firmenich (/wiki/Firmenich) Frutarom (/wiki/Frutarom) Givaudan (/wiki/Givaudan) International Flavors & Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances) Mane SA (/wiki/Mane_SA) Robertet (/wiki/Robertet) Sensient Flavors & Fragrances Group (/wiki/Sensient_Technologies) Symrise (/wiki/Symrise) T. Hasegawa (/wiki/T._Hasegawa) Takasago (/wiki/Takasago_International_Corporation) Category (/wiki/Category:Perfumery) Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perfumes) Wiktionary (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Perfume) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐75854f7f49‐mzhhw Cached time: 20240722030451 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.105 seconds Real time usage: 0.134 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 166/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13633/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 9329/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.071/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1066980/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 99.361 1 Template:Perfume 100.00% 99.361 1 -total 96.87% 96.247 1 Template:Navbox 9.77% 9.708 3 Template:Icon Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:55757770-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722030451 and revision id 845861309. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azurée&oldid=845861309 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azurée&oldid=845861309) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Perfumes (/wiki/Category:Perfumes) Products introduced in 1969 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1969)
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Hanneli Mustaparta during Paris Haute Couture Shows 2012. Hanneli Mustaparta (born 13 October 1982 in Bærum (/wiki/B%C3%A6rum) , Norway) is a photographer, fashion blogger (/wiki/Fashion_blogger) , stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) and former model. [1] (#cite_note-1) She is the creator of fashion blog Hanneli and is a Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) contributor. [2] (#cite_note-2) She was discovered at the age of 17 by the fashion photographer Per Heimly in 1999. [3] (#cite_note-tv2.no-3) Online career [ edit ] Some of Hanneli's projects have been a featured in Vogue's 2010 "Best Dressed Issue", styling for H&M (/wiki/H%26M) 's "Womenswear and Menswear Styling Session", [4] (#cite_note-4) an interview with Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) ' s Editor-in-Chief Franca Sozzani (/wiki/Franca_Sozzani) , [5] (#cite_note-5) and a position as co-host with Vogue ' s editor-at-large (/wiki/Editor-at-large) and America's Next Top Model (/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model) judge André Leon Talley (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Leon_Talley) for the CBS (/wiki/CBS) webcast (/wiki/Webcast) "Fashion’s Night Out". [6] (#cite_note-6) In early 2011, the international clothing brand Zara (/wiki/Zara_(retailer)) licensed and issued several ‘Hanneli Mustaparta’ self-portrait T-shirts in four variations. Zara's first edition of the T-shirts totaled 160,000 units, which were sold in Zara shops around the world. [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] Glamourina (/wiki/Glamourina) Elin Kling (/wiki/Elin_Kling) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Nowa lalka Hanneli Mustaparta | BLOG O STARDOLL" (https://archive.today/20120719083446/http://stardollimy.pl/nowa-lalka-hanneli-mustaparta/) . Stardollimy.pl. 13 October 1982. Archived from the original (http://stardollimy.pl/nowa-lalka-hanneli-mustaparta/) on 19 July 2012 . Retrieved 29 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Vogue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120315150736/http://www.vogue.com/search/?q=hanneli+mustaparta) . Vogue. Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/search/?q=hanneli+mustaparta) on 15 March 2012 . Retrieved 29 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-tv2.no_3-0) "Hanneli Mustaparta – God kveld Norge" (http://www.tv2.no/underholdning/gkn/kjendis/hanneli-mustaparta-2718582.html) . Tv2.no . Retrieved 29 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "H&M Styling Session In Stockholm – Hanneli Mustaparta" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120307160530/http://www.hanneli.com/hm%C2%A0styling%C2%A0session%C2%A0in%C2%A0stockholm/) . Hanneli.com. Archived from the original (http://www.hanneli.com/hm%C2%A0styling%C2%A0session%C2%A0in%C2%A0stockholm) on 7 March 2012 . Retrieved 29 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Beatrice Finauro (23 December 2010). "Hanneli" (http://www.vogue.it/en/people-are-talking-about/vogue-features/2010/12/hanneli) . Vogue.it . Retrieved 29 February 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Fashions Night Out Video – Meet Hanneli" (http://www.cbs.com/specials/fashions_night_out/video/?pid=d87FMWaFgB5De8SEPz1um_bqleRQCi6x&vs=Default&play=true) . CBS.com. 14 October 2011 . Retrieved 29 February 2012 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-7) Alcala, Natalie (20 December 2010). "Hanneli Mustaparta Is Kind of a Big Deal Now – Fashion – BlackBook" (http://www.blackbookmag.com/article/hanneli-mustaparta-is-kind-of-a-big-deal-now/24110) . Blackbookmag.com . Retrieved 29 February 2012 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hanneli Mustaparta (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hanneli_Mustaparta) . Official Website (https://web.archive.org/web/20110630030719/http://www.hanneli.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists Photographers' Identities (https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/387305) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐5njvm Cached time: 20240721061146 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.289 seconds Real time usage: 0.647 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 806/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 18909/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1455/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31919/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.194/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4481345/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 355.114 1 -total 49.27% 174.953 1 Template:Reflist 30.47% 108.215 7 Template:Cite_web 26.40% 93.738 1 Template:Authority_control 14.00% 49.701 1 Template:Commons_category 13.62% 48.366 1 Template:Dead_link 13.36% 47.427 1 Template:Sister_project 12.92% 45.865 1 Template:Fix 12.68% 45.023 1 Template:Side_box 12.02% 42.677 2 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:32257118-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721061146 and revision id 1203185839. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanneli_Mustaparta&oldid=1203185839 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hanneli_Mustaparta&oldid=1203185839) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1982 births (/wiki/Category:1982_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Norwegian bloggers (/wiki/Category:Norwegian_bloggers) Norwegian women bloggers (/wiki/Category:Norwegian_women_bloggers) Norwegian female models (/wiki/Category:Norwegian_female_models) Photographers from Oslo (/wiki/Category:Photographers_from_Oslo) Fashion stylists (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stylists) Norwegian women photographers (/wiki/Category:Norwegian_women_photographers) Models from Oslo (/wiki/Category:Models_from_Oslo) Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links) Articles with dead external links from October 2017 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2017) Articles with permanently dead external links (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links) Use dmy dates from December 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2020) Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata) Articles with PIC identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_PIC_identifiers)
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British interior decorator (1946–2022) Robert Kime (7 February 1946 – 17 August 2022) was a British interior decorator. He worked on the homes of Prince Charles (/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales) , Daphne Guinness (/wiki/Daphne_Guinness) , and the Duke of Beaufort (/wiki/David_Somerset,_11th_Duke_of_Beaufort) , among others. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Remembering Robert Kime, the Esteemed British Decorator and AD100 Hall of Famer" (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/remembering-robert-kime-the-esteemed-british-decorator-and-ad100-hall-of-famer) . Architectural Digest . 22 August 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Robert Kime obituary" (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/robert-kime-obituary-8zhsvrc56) – via www.thetimes.co.uk. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Robert Kime (1946–2022)" (https://www.apollo-magazine.com/robert-kime-collector-decorator-obituary/) . Apollo Magazine . 22 August 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The Prince of Wales's beloved interior decorator, Robert Kime, has died aged 76" (https://www.tatler.com/article/the-prince-of-waless-beloved-interior-decorator-robert-kime-has-died-aged-76) . Tatler . 22 August 2022. External links [ edit ] Robert Kime: The Personal Collection (auction catalogue) (https://www.dreweatts.com/auctions/robert-kime-the-personal-collection-14587/) This biographical article about a designer (/wiki/Designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Kime&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐94pln Cached time: 20240712200844 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.208 seconds Real time usage: 0.278 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 477/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10019/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 727/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18846/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.145/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4185391/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 263.948 1 -total 41.79% 110.291 1 Template:Reflist 33.79% 89.183 3 Template:Cite_web 26.16% 69.053 1 Template:Design-bio-stub 25.37% 66.966 1 Template:Asbox 25.21% 66.549 1 Template:Short_description 14.20% 37.476 2 Template:Pagetype 6.80% 17.940 4 Template:Main_other 5.95% 15.692 1 Template:SDcat 5.77% 15.237 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71611344-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712200844 and revision id 1194531981. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Kime&oldid=1194531981 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Kime&oldid=1194531981) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : British interior designers (/wiki/Category:British_interior_designers) 1946 births (/wiki/Category:1946_births) 2022 deaths (/wiki/Category:2022_deaths) Designer stubs (/wiki/Category:Designer_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from August 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2022) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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See also the categories Fashion by decade (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_decade) and Fashion by century (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_century) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐v7c6q Cached time: 20240719015018 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.036 seconds Real time usage: 0.048 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 25/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 511/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.014/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 626344/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 41.003 1 -total 100.00% 41.003 1 Template:Category_see_also 15.53% 6.368 1 Template:Category_see_also/Category_pair_check Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39106377-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719015018 and revision id 1031267409. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has the following 26 subcategories, out of 26 total. 0–9 1965 in fashion (/wiki/Category:1965_in_fashion) (2 P) 1973 in fashion (/wiki/Category:1973_in_fashion) (1 P) 2000 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2000_in_fashion) (3 P) 2001 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2001_in_fashion) (5 P) 2002 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2002_in_fashion) (6 P) 2003 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2003_in_fashion) (3 P) 2004 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2004_in_fashion) (5 P) 2005 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2005_in_fashion) (8 P) 2006 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2006_in_fashion) (10 P) 2007 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2007_in_fashion) (15 P) 2008 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2008_in_fashion) (14 P) 2009 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2009_in_fashion) (14 P) 2010 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2010_in_fashion) (1 C, 9 P) 2011 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2011_in_fashion) (7 P) 2012 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2012_in_fashion) (1 C, 6 P) 2013 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2013_in_fashion) (1 C, 7 P) 2014 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2014_in_fashion) (1 C, 9 P) 2015 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2015_in_fashion) (1 C, 6 P) 2016 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2016_in_fashion) (1 C, 9 P) 2017 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2017_in_fashion) (1 C, 3 P) 2018 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2018_in_fashion) (1 C, 7 P) 2019 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2019_in_fashion) (6 P) 2020 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2020_in_fashion) (5 P) 2021 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2021_in_fashion) (4 P) 2022 in fashion (/wiki/Category:2022_in_fashion) (3 P) Y Years in red carpet fashion (/wiki/Category:Years_in_red_carpet_fashion) (6 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_by_year&oldid=1031267409 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_by_year&oldid=1031267409) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Categories by year (/wiki/Category:Categories_by_year) Fashion by period (/wiki/Category:Fashion_by_period)
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Italian fashion designer (1920–2010) Giuliana Camerino in a Roberta di Camerino dress with trompe-l'œil (/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il) buckled belt print, c. 1960 Giuliana Camerino ( née (/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) Coen ; December 8, 1920 – May 10, 2010) was an Italian fashion designer who founded the Roberta di Camerino fashion house in Venice (/wiki/Venice) , the only major Italian fashion brand to be based in the historic seafaring and trading city. [1] (#cite_note-josh-1) The label is principally known for its velvet handbags, though it has also produced womenswear and shoes. Giuliana Camerino has been credited with creating the concept of the status bag (/wiki/It_bag) . [1] (#cite_note-josh-1) Early life [ edit ] Giuliana Coen was born in 1920 to a Jewish family in Venice. Her grandfather had a pigment factory, where Giuliana learned to match colours, and which would later become the atelier for her fashion house. [1] (#cite_note-josh-1) She married banker Guido Camerino, [2] (#cite_note-2) with whom she had two children, a son, Ugo, and a daughter, Roberta. In 1943, to escape the persecution of Jews in Italy during the Second World War (/wiki/Second_World_War) , the Camerinos fled to Switzerland where Giuliana started designing handbags for a local leather goods store. [3] (#cite_note-have-3) Roberta di Camerino [ edit ] 1971 velvet clutch bag with trompe l'oeil buckle print ( RISD Museum (/wiki/RISD_Museum) ) The fashion house Roberta di Camerino was founded in 1945 when the Camerinos returned to Italy after the War ended. It was named after the film Roberta (/wiki/Roberta_(1935_film)) , starring Fred Astaire (/wiki/Fred_Astaire) and Ginger Rogers (/wiki/Ginger_Rogers) . [3] (#cite_note-have-3) The song Smoke Gets In Your Eyes (/wiki/Smoke_Gets_In_Your_Eyes) from the film was the last song that Giulliana Camerino danced to before fleeing for Switzerland, and so she took the professional name Roberta as a memory of earlier, happy times. [1] (#cite_note-josh-1) Roberta di Camerino's handbags were renowned for their innovativeness. They used richly patterned and coloured fabrics that had formerly been only used for clothing. [1] (#cite_note-josh-1) In 1946, she made a bag patterned with a trellis of R's, foreshadowing Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) 's G's; in 1957 she made woven leather bags before Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) did, and in 1964, she made a handbag with an articulated frame that was later reproduced by Prada (/wiki/Prada) . [1] (#cite_note-josh-1) Her designs were widely copied. Although this upset her, Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) reassured her, telling her not to cry about being copied, but to 'cry the day they don't copy you'. [1] (#cite_note-josh-1) Camerino won a Neiman Marcus Fashion Award (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus_Fashion_Award) in 1956 in recognition of the success and influence of her handbags. Her cut-velvet bags featured brass hardware made by Venetian craftsmen, and were carried by celebrities such as Grace Kelly (/wiki/Grace_Kelly) , Farrah Fawcett (/wiki/Farrah_Fawcett) , and Elizabeth Taylor (/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor) . [3] (#cite_note-have-3) In addition to the handbags, which often featured trompe-l'œil (/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il) buckles and flaps, Roberta di Camerino also sold coats, dresses, and other clothing. [1] (#cite_note-josh-1) Some of her fabrics were woven on antique looms, which helped support local industry in post-war Italy. [1] (#cite_note-josh-1) The first Roberta di Camerino fashion show, held in Venice in 1949, was remembered for its theatricality. [3] (#cite_note-have-3) In 1980 Camerino closed her fashion house in order to focus her energies into profitable licensing deals for ties, scarves, aprons, and wallpaper. [3] (#cite_note-have-3) That same year, the Whitney Museum of American Art (/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art) held an exhibition of her work. [3] (#cite_note-have-3) Another exhibition of her work was held at the Fashion Institute of Technology museum (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology#The_Museum_at_FIT) in late 1999. [3] (#cite_note-have-3) In 1996 the Roberta di Camerino label was revived, offering re-issues of their handbags, which were sold through New York department stores, including Neiman Marcus (/wiki/Neiman_Marcus) , who, in the 1950s, had been the first American stockist of Camerino bags. [3] (#cite_note-have-3) In 2008, at Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) , Sixty Group acquired the Roberta di Camerino label. [4] (#cite_note-leisa-4) The creative director of the label is Giorgia Scarpa, formerly of Prada (/wiki/Prada) and Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior_SA) , and the general manager, Alessandro Varisco, formerly of Gianfranco Ferre (/wiki/Gianfranco_Ferre) and Versace (/wiki/Versace) . [4] (#cite_note-leisa-4) In order to concentrate on the luxury handbag market, Sixty Group dissolved many existing Roberta di Camerino licenses, including eyewear, knitwear, and small leather goods. [4] (#cite_note-leisa-4) Death [ edit ] Giuliana Camerino was taken ill suddenly on Istria (/wiki/Istria) , near Venice, and died in Venice during the night of May 10, 2010. She was 89. Giorgio Orsoni (/wiki/Giorgio_Orsoni) , the Mayor of Venice, paid tribute to her as a friend and entrepreneur and an active promoter of Venice and Italian-made goods. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Patner, Josh (2006-02-26). "From Bags to Riches" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/26/style/tmagazine/t_w_p166_talk_patner_.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2012-01-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Giuliana Coen" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1695828/Giuliana-Coen) . Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc . Retrieved December 11, 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Bellafante, Ginia (September 11, 1999). "Front Row: To Have and To Hold" (https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/09/style/front-row.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 2012-01-30 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Barnett, Leisa (November 9, 2008). "On Camerino" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110611121156/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/080911-roberta-di-camerino-makes-comeback.aspx) . Vogue . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/080911-roberta-di-camerino-makes-comeback.aspx) on June 11, 2011 . Retrieved 2012-01-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) New York Times obituary for Giuliana Camerino (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/17/fashion/17camerino.html) ; accessed March 30, 2014. External links [ edit ] Roberta di Camerino (http://www.robertadicamerino.com/) Roberta di Camerino (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/roberta-di-camerino/) at FMD (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/79199/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000067263690) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/79474351) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJw8X496GgY9PdMym87yh3) National Italy (https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV158789) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81105420) Other SNAC (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ks92qp) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐77f98f87b5‐5lhhf Cached time: 20240627133922 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.605 seconds Real time usage: 0.723 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 716/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13823/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 861/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 8/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 23136/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.393/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4189550/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 613.041 1 -total 39.32% 241.036 1 Template:Reflist 33.00% 202.322 1 Template:Authority_control 31.42% 192.640 3 Template:Cite_news 18.60% 114.052 1 Template:Short_description 11.36% 69.661 2 Template:Pagetype 5.43% 33.296 1 Template:Fashiondesigner 4.21% 25.782 4 Template:Main_other 3.60% 22.047 1 Template:SDcat 1.64% 10.068 1 Template:Cite_web Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27348345-0!canonical and timestamp 20240627133922 and revision id 1227422577. 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American producer GK Reid is an American producer (/wiki/Film_producer) , known for his work with celebrities from David Bowie to Rihanna and Lady Gaga, producing numerous films, music videos, ads, marketing campaigns and commercials, for his innovative creative direction (/wiki/Creative_direction) and regenerative fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) and social good impact projects. [1] (#cite_note-sdnews.com-1) Constantly working around the world, he was raised between sword-fighting school with Nahangs in India, and learning healing arts with his Curandera mother in New Mexico, before moving to New York. [2] (#cite_note-lookbooks.com-2) Career [ edit ] GK Reid is known for his work with magazines including V Magazine (/wiki/V_(American_magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , " New York Times magazine (/wiki/New_York_Times_magazine) ", Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) , GQ (/wiki/GQ) , Interview (/wiki/Interview_(magazine)) , Flaunt , Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , Rolling Stone , and i.D. and has styled numerous ad campaigns for L'Oreal (/wiki/L%27Oreal) , Pepsi (/wiki/Pepsi) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) [3] (#cite_note-poptower1-3) and fashion shows. [4] (#cite_note-4) He works as producer, creative director and production designer on films and commercials. His work won 2 Gold Lions at Cannes Festival of Creativity for Digital Death/TBWA for a video and stills campaign against AIDS. [5] (#cite_note-wwd.com-5) His work also won the top 4 awards at the Fashion Film Festival La Jolla at the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, including "Best Picture" for his work as Producer and "Best Fashion" for his work as Costume Designer, and won "Best of Fest" at the Princeton Film Festival 2015, for "Legend of Lady White Snake" sponsored by MAC. GK Reid's designs for the film were exhibited in the windows of Barney's New York, [2] (#cite_note-lookbooks.com-2) at the Fashion Institute of Technology NY and at The Lincoln Center NY. The film was shown at SHOWstudio Cabinet London, the Pompidou Center Paris, the Australian Center for the Moving Image and the Lincoln Center. [6] (#cite_note-6) Reid has worked with directors and photographers Peter Lindbergh (/wiki/Peter_Lindbergh) , Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin (/wiki/Inez_van_Lamsweerde_and_Vinoodh_Matadin) , Matthew Rolston (/wiki/Matthew_Rolston) [7] (#cite_note-7) Markus Klinko (/wiki/Markus_Klinko) and Indrani (/wiki/Indrani_(photographer)) , Anthony Mandler (/wiki/Anthony_Mandler) , Michael Haussman (/wiki/Michael_Haussman) , James Mangold (/wiki/James_Mangold) , Abel Ferrara (/wiki/Abel_Ferrara) , Diane Martel (/wiki/Diane_Martel) [8] (#cite_note-8) David LaChappelle (/wiki/David_LaChappelle) [5] (#cite_note-wwd.com-5) Floria Sigismondi (/wiki/Floria_Sigismondi) [9] (#cite_note-9) and in front of the camera with Steven Klein (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(photographer)) and Mario Testino (/wiki/Mario_Testino) . [2] (#cite_note-lookbooks.com-2) His commercial clients include L'Oreal, Barney's New York, DeBeers, Hugo Boss, Shiseido, MAC, Puma, Nike and Pepsi. [1] (#cite_note-sdnews.com-1) Press [ edit ] Reid has received much press for his work. GK appeared on VH1's "The Short List" as an expert on Lady Gaga's style. [ citation needed ] He was one of the main subjects of the Bravo (/wiki/Bravo_(US_TV_channel)) docu-series Double Exposure (/wiki/Double_Exposure_(American_TV_series)) . Bravo follows him as he works closely with celebrities to express their inner selves through fashion that he finds around the world, and he is also cited as "the voice of reason" who keeps photo shoots and films on track. Double Exposure airs in the US on Bravo, and in over 100 countries around the world including Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Costa Rica, China, India, Thailand, Denmark, Canada and others. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Special Projects [ edit ] GK Reid produced a 6 part series on Bravo TV / NBC, called Double Exposure, for which he brought onboard Lady Gaga, Kim Kardashian, Lindsay Lohan, and Armie Hammer. He produced and styled the shoots, and designed costumes and accessories for Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) , for a series of photographs in homage to Hello Kitty (/wiki/Hello_Kitty) , for Lady Gaga's The Fame (/wiki/The_Fame) Deluxe edition, Lady Gaga's "Book of Gaga" 2009, and for Hello Kitty's 35th anniversary campaign, photographed by Markus Klinko and Indrani. Reid designed a "dress completely made from toy versions of the cartoon-style cat" [13] (#cite_note-13) in only 2 hours. [14] (#cite_note-14) As well as shoes from lip glosses. This shoot and Reid's creation of the gown for Gaga is the subject of an episode of American fashion television series Double Exposure (/wiki/Double_Exposure_(American_TV_series)) , on Bravo (/wiki/Bravo_(US_TV_channel)) which has aired in over 100 countries, and the outfit was spoofed on the TV show Glee (/wiki/Glee_(TV_series)) . [15] (#cite_note-15) GK Reid produced shoots, designed for and styled Daphne Guinness (/wiki/Daphne_Guinness) for fashion magazines including the London Sunday Times (/wiki/London_Sunday_Times) , the New York Times Magazine (/wiki/New_York_Times_Magazine) , [16] (#cite_note-16) Muse Magazine [17] (#cite_note-17) the Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) , for the ad campaign for Daphne Guinness' Barneys New York (/wiki/Barneys_New_York) window performance art piece, [18] (#cite_note-18) and for the film "The Legend of Lady White Snake: A Fashion Tribute to Alexander McQueen". [19] (#cite_note-19) These are featured in the "Daphne Guinness Exhibition" at the Museum at the Fashion Institute from September through January 2012, and in her book "Daphne Guinness." [20] (#cite_note-20) Reid was executive producer, production designer and wardrobe designer on the film "Legend of Lady White Snake" [21] (#cite_note-21) which won "Best Fashion," "Best Visual Effects," "Best Director" and "Best Film" at the world's largest Fashion Film Festival at La Jolla, Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego. [22] (#cite_note-22) GK styled Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) 's album covers for " Good Girl Gone Bad (/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad_(Rihanna_album)) " and " Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella_(song)) ". [3] (#cite_note-poptower1-3) Reid has styled Anne Hathaway (/wiki/Anne_Hathaway) , [23] (#cite_note-23) Katie Holmes (/wiki/Katie_Holmes) , Eva Mendes (/wiki/Eva_Mendes) , Julianne Moore (/wiki/Julianne_Moore) , Mary J. Blige (/wiki/Mary_J._Blige) , Lindsay Lohan (/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan) , [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) and supermodels Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) and Iman (/wiki/Iman_(model)) for magazine covers. [26] (#cite_note-26) In 2004 GK was the creative director of a collaboration with author Neil Gaiman (/wiki/Neil_Gaiman) and artist Yoshitaka Amano (/wiki/Yoshitaka_Amano) in collaboration with David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) and Iman (/wiki/Iman_(model)) as sci-fi characters, for "The Return of the Thin White Duke" a portion of which was published in [V Magazine]. [27] (#cite_note-27) He has produced, styled and designed costumes for Jennifer Lopez (/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez) for her album covers, music videos, and Billboard cover, Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) for campaigns including L'Oreal, Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) , Alicia Keys (/wiki/Alicia_Keys) , Janelle Monáe (/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e) , Jaden Smith (/wiki/Jaden_Smith) and Willow Smith (/wiki/Willow_Smith) , [28] (#cite_note-28) and First Lady of France Carla Bruni-Sarkozy (/wiki/Carla_Bruni-Sarkozy) . Reid is responsible for Mariah Carey (/wiki/Mariah_Carey) 's transformation for her best-selling album The Emancipation of Mimi (/wiki/The_Emancipation_of_Mimi) and was the costume designer for her perfume commercial directed by Peter Lindbergh (/wiki/Peter_Lindbergh) . GK produced and styled Tim Gunn (/wiki/Tim_Gunn) for the cover of his book "Tim Gunn: A Guide to Quality Taste and Style", [29] (#cite_note-29) Ryan Seacrest (/wiki/Ryan_Seacrest) , Kanye West (/wiki/Kanye_West) , Usher (/wiki/Usher_(musician)) , Elijah Wood (/wiki/Elijah_Wood) , [30] (#cite_note-30) Val Kilmer (/wiki/Val_Kilmer) , Puff Daddy (/wiki/Puff_Daddy) for music videos, and David Bowie (/wiki/David_Bowie) for several album covers and magazines including covers of Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) and GQ (/wiki/GQ) . [31] (#cite_note-31) Reid was the producer and costume designer for David Bowie's music video "Valentine's Day" in which Bowie explores the mind of high school shooter. [32] (#cite_note-32) GK was producer and EP of the Pepsi (/wiki/Pepsi) short film "Crescendo" [33] (#cite_note-33) featuring music by Jetta (/wiki/Jetta_(musician)) produced by Pharrell Williams (/wiki/Pharrell_Williams) , set in Rajasthan India, and described by Kyle Hodge of Complex Magazine as "A fun, colorful journey intertwining realism and fantasy through the streets of...India." [34] (#cite_note-34) GK was a producer of "Girl Rising India -- Woh Padhegi, Woh Udegi" film and campaign with Priyanka Chopra (/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra) , Amitabh Bachchan (/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan) , Freida Pinto (/wiki/Freida_Pinto) , Alia Bhatt (/wiki/Alia_Bhatt) , Kareena Kapoor (/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor) , Parineeti Chopra (/wiki/Parineeti_Chopra) , Nandita Das (/wiki/Nandita_Das) , Madhuri Dixit (/wiki/Madhuri_Dixit) and Sushmita Sen (/wiki/Sushmita_Sen) [35] (#cite_note-35) all of whom GK also designed the fashions for and styled. [36] (#cite_note-36) References [ edit ] ^ a b "La Jolla Fashion Film Festival: industry Q&As - Leading up to the La Jolla Fashion Film Festival La Jolla Today has featured several interviews with professionals in the fashion and film industries. Check out these Q&As with leading experts in fas..." (http://sdnews.com/view/full_story/23171830/article-La-Jolla-Fashion-Film-Festival--industry-Q-As) ^ a b c Lookbooks. "LOOKBOOKS - News - Interview: Stylist GK Reid and Designer Hogan McLaughlin" (http://lookbooks.com/marketplace/lookbooks-interviews/news/interview-stylist-gk-reid-and-designer-hogan-mclaughlin) . ^ a b "GK Double Exposure - GK Reid - GK Reid Pictures, Biography, News" (http://www.poptower.com/gk-reid-double-exposure.htm) . Poptower.com . Retrieved 2010-02-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Grannum, Tricia (2009-09-21). "Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week" (http://www.chicanduntroubled.com/tag/GK+Reid) . Exude Magazine. ^ a b Feitelberg, Rosemary (7 February 2012). "Daphne Guinness and 'The Legend of Lady White Snake' (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/look-out-kevin-bacon-5619421) " (http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/look-out-kevin-bacon-5619421) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "IDEASHARE: Photographer & Filmmaker Indrani Pal-Chaudhuri to speak at IDEASHARE" (http://idea-share.org/ideashare-photographer-filmmaker-indrani-pal-chaudhuri-to-speak-at-ideashare/#.VB3PiitdWxI) . 17 February 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Gk Reid Official - HOME" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140918110035/http://www.gkreid.com/client-list.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.gkreid.com/client-list.html) on 2014-09-18. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Life & Style (2009-10-20). "Life & Style exclusive: Britney's video director speaks" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091124050414/http://www.lifeandstylemag.com/2009/10/britney-spears-3-video.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.lifeandstylemag.com/2009/10/britney-spears-3-video.html) on 2009-11-24. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "WATCH IT: Ellie Goulding "Anything Could Happen" (Floria Sigismondi, dir.)" (http://www.videostatic.com/content/watch-it-ellie-goulding-anything-could-happen-floria-sigismondi-dir) . VideoStatic . ^ (#cite_ref-10) GK Reid. "Double Exposure - Bios - GK Reid | Bravo TV Official Site" (http://www.bravotv.com/double-exposure/bio/gk-reid) . Bravotv.com . Retrieved 2010-02-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Frankel, Daniel (2009-03-05). " (https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118000886.html?categoryid=14&cs=1) "Bravo renews 'Shear Genius' Cable network greenlights "Double Exposure." (https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118000886.html?categoryid=14&cs=1) " (https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118000886.html?categoryid=14&cs=1) . Variety . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Chic and Untroubled (2009-03-16). "GK Reid, Double Exposure, Bravo's New Reality Show" (http://www.chicanduntroubled.com/tag/GK+Reid) . ^ (#cite_ref-13) The Independent (2009-11-04). "Lady Gaga and Hello Kitty team up for styling extravaganza" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091108160619/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/lady-gaga-and-hello-kitty-team-up-for-styling-extravaganza-1814571.html) . London. Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/lady-gaga-and-hello-kitty-team-up-for-styling-extravaganza-1814571.html) on November 8, 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Leon, Sarah (2010-07-14). "Quote Unquote – Fast Fashion" (https://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/14/quote-unquote-fast-fashion/) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Exclusive Details of Lady Gaga's Hello Kitty Shoot" (http://site.people.com/style/exclusive-details-of-lady-gagas-hello-kitty-shoot/) . 21 July 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Eolin, Sara. " Daphne Guinness Exhibit at FIT (http://aerofilm.blogspot.com/2011/09/fashion-week-has-settled-upon-new-york.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20111007090724/http://aerofilm.blogspot.com/2011/09/fashion-week-has-settled-upon-new-york.html) 2011-10-07 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ", September 13, 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-17) " Daphne Guinness Portrait (http://www.musemagazine.it/it/features/daphne-guinnes.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120204215316/http://www.musemagazine.it/it/features/daphne-guinnes.html) 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ," Muse Magazine, December 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-18) Perez Hilton, May 3, 2011, Daphne Guinness for Barney's New York (http://cocoperez.com/2011-05-03-daphne-guinness-for-barneys-new-york-markus-and-indrani) ", cocoperez.com, September 29, 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-19) "LEGEND OF LADY WHITE SNAKE" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140101232847/http://legendofladywhitesnake.com/) . Archived from the original (http://www.LegendofLadyWhiteSnake.com) on 2014-01-01 . Retrieved 2019-12-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Steele, Valerie and Daphne Guinness. "Daphne Guinness". Yale University Press, 2011. ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Daphne Guinness - myth, legend, icon, real : A post-postmodern fable, inspired by China's..." (https://daphne-guinness.tumblr.com/post/91291315274/a-post-postmodern-fable-inspired-by-chinas) ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Bravo Goes Behind The Lens Of Celebrity Photography Duo in New Docu-Series "Double Exposure" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160312044851/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/02/11/bravo-goes-behind-the-lens-of-celebrity-photography-duo-in-new-docu-series-double-exposure/) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20160312044851/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/02/11/bravo-goes-behind-the-lens-of-celebrity-photography-duo-in-new-docu-series-double-exposure/) . 11 February 2010. Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/02/11/bravo-goes-behind-the-lens-of-celebrity-photography-duo-in-new-docu-series-double-exposure/) on 12 March 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-23) The Insider (2009-04-17). "Anne Hathaway, Photo Icon" (http://www.theinsider.com/news/2033348_Anne_Hathaway_Photo_ICON) . , ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Lindsay Lohan's Over Double Exposure" (http://cocoperez.com/2009-09-30-lindsay-lohans-over-double-exposure) . CocoPerez.com. 2009-09-30 . Retrieved 2010-02-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Lindsay Lohan: New 6126 Leggings Ad Campaign Pics! - David Bowie, Celebrity Gossip" (http://showhype.com/story/lindsay-lohan-new-6126-leggings-ad-campaign-pics/) . Showhype.com . Retrieved 2010-02-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Bowie, David, Fran Lebowitz, Peter Beard, Iman, et al. I am Iman. Universe, 2001. ^ (#cite_ref-27) " Neil Gaiman on his love for David Bowie (https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/ct-neil-gaiman-david-bowie-is-20141231-column.html) " by Christopher Borrelli, Chicago Tribune ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Keep a Child Alive - Buy Life" (http://www.BuyLife.org) . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Gunn, Tim, and Kate Moloney. Tim Gunn: A Guide to Quality, Taste & Style. Abrams Image, 2007 ^ (#cite_ref-30) http://www.Buylife.com (http://www.Buylife.com) , September 28, 2011 ^ (#cite_ref-31) Robert Seidman (February 11, 2010). "Bravo Goes Behind the Lens of Celebrity Photography" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120917132018/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/02/11/bravo-goes-behind-the-lens-of-celebrity-photography-duo-in-new-docu-series-double-exposure/41717/) . Archived from the original (http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/02/11/bravo-goes-behind-the-lens-of-celebrity-photography-duo-in-new-docu-series-double-exposure/41717/) on September 17, 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-32) " David Bowie's Valentine's Day Video Isn't all that Romantic (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/16/david-bowie-valentines-day-video_n_3603722.html) ", Kia Makarechi, July 16, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Kolkata-Born Photographer Uses Football To Empower Girls In India" (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/16/yuwa-_n_5825296.html) . Huffington Post . 2014-09-16. ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Jetta Releases Video For "Crescendo" | Complex" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140922222551/http://www.complex.com/music/2014/09/pepsi-presents-jetta-crescendo-directed-by-indrani) . www.complex.com . Archived from the original (http://www.complex.com/music/2014/09/pepsi-presents-jetta-crescendo-directed-by-indrani) on 2014-09-22. ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Bengali girl directs Priyanka Chopra's 'Girl Rising' film - Times of India" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Bengali-girl-directs-Priyanka-Chopras-Girl-Rising-film/articleshow/48703757.cms) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Bengal fabrics get the global touch - Times of India" (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Bengal-fabrics-get-the-global-touch/articleshow/48716969.cms) . The Times of India (/wiki/The_Times_of_India) . External links [ edit ] GK Reid website (http://www.gkreid.com) GK Reid (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3817294/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐5fb6s Cached time: 20240713182417 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.490 seconds Real time usage: 0.648 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1665/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42968/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1031/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 100845/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.302/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5615245/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 604.449 1 -total 54.38% 328.706 1 Template:Reflist 37.79% 228.411 23 Template:Cite_web 22.47% 135.817 1 Template:Short_description 11.39% 68.857 5 Template:Main_other 10.86% 65.649 1 Template:SDcat 8.95% 54.107 1 Template:Cn 8.33% 50.339 2 Template:Pagetype 7.48% 45.207 1 Template:Fix 7.38% 44.586 1 Template:IMDb_name Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26271109-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713182417 and revision id 1174939390. 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( December 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Eunice Olumide MBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) Born Edinburgh (/wiki/Edinburgh) , Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) Nationality British-Nigerian (/wiki/British-Nigerian) Occupation(s) Model (/wiki/Model_(profession)) , fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) , actress (/wiki/Actor) , presenter (/wiki/Television_presenter) Years active 2010–present Modeling information Height 5 ft 9 in (175 cm) Hair color Black Eye color Brown Agency Modelteam, Ford (/wiki/Ford_Models) , AMQ, Select, Doveteam, VIVA, IMM, Mega Website www (http://www.euniceolumide.com/) .euniceolumide (http://www.euniceolumide.com/) .com (http://www.euniceolumide.com/) Eunice Olumide MBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) is a Scottish (/wiki/Scotland) fashion model and actress (/wiki/Actor) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] Born in Edinburgh (/wiki/Edinburgh) , Scotland, Olumide has dual British and Nigerian nationality. [2] (#cite_note-auto2-2) [3] (#cite_note-dailyrecord-3) [4] (#cite_note-nationalcollective-4) [5] (#cite_note-thenational-5) The name "Olumide" means "God has come" or "My Hero has come" in the Yoruba (/wiki/Yoruba_language) language. [6] (#cite_note-6) After her parents separated, Olumide lived in Wester Hailes (/wiki/Wester_Hailes) , on the outskirts of Edinburgh. [7] (#cite_note-7) At Glasgow Caledonian University (/wiki/Glasgow_Caledonian_University) she graduated in Communication and Mass Media with a first-class (/wiki/First_class_degree) Bachelor of Arts (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts) . [8] (#cite_note-auto-8) Aged 21, she took a postgraduate degree (/wiki/Postgraduate_education) in Film Studies (/wiki/Film_Studies) at Queen Mary University of London (/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London) and an MA (/wiki/Master%27s_degree) in Metaphysics (/wiki/Metaphysics) , after getting a scholarship to study at the University of Pennsylvania (/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania) . [ citation needed ] Modelling career [ edit ] At 15, Olumide was spotted shopping in Sauchiehall Street (/wiki/Sauchiehall_Street) , Glasgow (/wiki/Glasgow) , [3] (#cite_note-dailyrecord-3) and later scouted by Select models while visiting family in London (/wiki/London) . [9] (#cite_note-ynaija-9) At the time she knew nothing about the fashion industry. She took a break from modelling to go to university. [10] (#cite_note-heraldscotland1-10) Over the years she has been signed with Premier, KOKO, Nemesis, Mega, La Agenica, VIVA, AMQ, Ford and IMM Düsseldorf. [9] (#cite_note-ynaija-9) She has done fashion weeks and shoots in Japan, Paris, Milan, Barcelona, Poland, Germany, UAE, USA, Africa and the UK. [8] (#cite_note-auto-8) Olumide appeared in Dazed & Confused (/wiki/Dazed_%26_Confused_(magazine)) , Dry, London Fashion Week Daily , Dansk , Tank (/wiki/Tank_(magazine)) , I.D. (/wiki/I.D._(magazine)) , Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) , Luire Magazine Japan , Harpers Bazaar (/wiki/Harpers_Bazaar) , Hunger (/wiki/Hunger_(magazine)) , Oyster (/wiki/Oyster) , Papercut (/wiki/Papercut) , New York (/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) , Bahrain Confidential (/wiki/Bahrain_Confidential) , WAD Magazine , [9] (#cite_note-ynaija-9) Retro , InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) , Fabulous , Italian Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) and British Vogue . [11] (#cite_note-auto1-11) She has worked with Zandra Rhodes (/wiki/Zandra_Rhodes) , Myleen Klass (/wiki/Myleen_Klass) , Gio Pomodoro (/wiki/Gio_Pomodoro) , Caryn Franklin (/wiki/Caryn_Franklin) , NKWO, JJ Noki, and designers including Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) , Christopher Kane (/wiki/Christopher_Kane) , Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander) , Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) , Evisu (/wiki/Evisu) , Kswiss (/wiki/Kswiss) , Henry Holland (/wiki/Henry_Holland_(fashion_designer)) , Jacob Kimmie, Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Georgina Harding, Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) , Tom Ford, Alexander Wang and Jacob Birge. [12] (#cite_note-12) Olumide has modelled for Top Shop (/wiki/Top_Shop) , Mulberry (/wiki/Mulberry_(company)) , Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Ugg (/wiki/UGG_(brand)) , Lee Jeans (/wiki/Lee_Jeans) , Toms (/wiki/Toms_Shoes) , The Body Shop (/wiki/The_Body_Shop) , Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) , Vivienne Westwood (/wiki/Vivienne_Westwood) , Bunmi Koko (/wiki/Bunmi_Koko) , New Look (/wiki/New_Look_(clothing_retailer)) and Harris Tweed (/wiki/Harris_Tweed) . [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) She is also as an ambassador for Fashion Targets, Adopt an Intern, FAD and worked with Climate Revolution. [15] (#cite_note-15) In 2018, Olumide's book How To Get Into Fashion , focusing on exploitation in the industry and the impact of Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) [16] (#cite_note-16) was published followed by a promotional appearance at the Edinburgh International Book Festival, interviewed by Elizabeth Payton at The New York Times. [17] (#cite_note-17) As an equal rights campaigner she deliver a speech at the Houses of Commons and contributed to Equity's policy and etiquette to protect models in the work place. [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) Fashion design [ edit ] Olumide's debut spring summer collection was inspired by her Afro-Scottish background and ancestry, a balance of European and British style tailoring and traditionally African fabric and patterns. [3] (#cite_note-dailyrecord-3) [20] (#cite_note-daily-buzz-20) In 2016, she collaborated with Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) , Top Shop (/wiki/Top_Shop) and Evisu (/wiki/Evisu) on selected pieces, and produced her own accessories collection in 2017, consisting of spring summer and autumn winter sunglasses for men and women. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 2018, some of this was included in a temporary exhibition at National Museum of Scotland. [22] (#cite_note-22) In 2019, Olumide produced an On-Schedule show for the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) at London Fashion Week. NGRGFW included question and answer sessions featuring Dennis Calpone, Afuah Hirsch, Emma Dabiri and Nish Kumar as well as a fashion show, commissioned by Lambeth Council at Lambeth Town Hall (/wiki/Lambeth_Town_Hall) . [23] (#cite_note-23) Olumide used the event to draw attention to the plight of the Windrush Generation illegally deported from the United Kingdom in 2018, after a mistake by the then Prime Minister Theresa May and Amber Rudd. [24] (#cite_note-24) Music career [ edit ] Olumide is also a DJ touring with Grace Jones (/wiki/Grace_Jones) , Damian Marley (/wiki/Damian_Marley) and Nas (/wiki/Nas) . Venues include The Apollo (/wiki/The_Apollo_(Glasgow)) , Lovebox Festival (/wiki/Lovebox_Festival) , The Great Escapes Festival, The Groucho Club, Soho House, Glastonbury (/wiki/Glastonbury) and Websterhall NYC with Matt Sorum (/wiki/Matt_Sorum) . Olumide also played with acts including Skepta (/wiki/Skepta) , Wiley (/wiki/Wiley_(musician)) , Roots Manuva (/wiki/Roots_Manuva) , The Game, Common, Busta Rymes, Wu-Tang, OT Genesis and Jay Z. Between April and June, she toured the United States with The Roots (/wiki/The_Roots) and Mos Def (/wiki/Mos_Def) in Orlando, Miami, New York, Philadelphia and Atlanta, and at the Bonnaroo Music Festival (/wiki/Bonnaroo_Music_Festival) , a four-day event in Tennessee in June. She also supported Police Academy's Michael Winslow (/wiki/Michael_Winslow) in the U.S. and UK. [25] (#cite_note-imdb.com-25) In 2018, Olumide was involved in a charity Christmas song called " Rock With Rudolph (/wiki/Rock_With_Rudolph) ", written and produced by Grahame and Jack Corbyn. Recorded by 26 personalities in aid of Great Ormond Street Hospital (/wiki/Great_Ormond_Street_Hospital) and released digitally on Saga Entertainment (/wiki/Saga_Entertainment) on 30 November 2018 under the artist name The Celebs (/wiki/The_Celebs) . The song reached number two on the iTunes pop chart. [26] (#cite_note-26) [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) In 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom) , Olumide returned to join The Celebs which now included Frank Bruno (/wiki/Frank_Bruno) and X Factor winner Sam Bailey (/wiki/Sam_Bailey) to raise money for both Alzheimer's Society (/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_Society) and Action for Children (/wiki/Action_for_Children) . They recorded a new rendition of " Merry Christmas Everyone (/wiki/Merry_Christmas_Everyone) " by Shakin' Stevens (/wiki/Shakin%27_Stevens) and it was released digitally on 11 December 2020, on independent record label Saga Entertainment. The music video debuted exclusively on Good Morning Britain (/wiki/Good_Morning_Britain_(2014_TV_programme)) the day before release. The song peaked at number two on the iTunes pop chart. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) In 2021, Olumide re-joined The Celebs to record a cover of The Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) classic " Let It Be (/wiki/Let_It_Be_(song)) ", in support of the Mind (/wiki/Mind_(charity)) charity, released on 3rd December 2021. Olumide was part of a choir of celebrities including Georgia Hirst (/wiki/Georgia_Hirst) , Anne Hegerty (/wiki/Anne_Hegerty) and Ivan Kaye (/wiki/Ivan_Kaye) , who were backing EastEnders (/wiki/EastEnders) actress Shona McGarty (/wiki/Shona_McGarty) . [31] (#cite_note-31) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) Acting career [ edit ] Olumide was the second Assistant Director and played a role in BAFTA award winning project called Trouble Sleeping. In 2017 she played Rosie in After Louise Olumide appeared in the short film, One Sweet Oblivios Antidote', with Lenny Henry (/wiki/Lenny_Henry) '. [25] (#cite_note-imdb.com-25) Since then she has appeared in Star Wars Rogue One , The Last Jedi and Absolutely Fabulous . [25] (#cite_note-imdb.com-25) [34] (#cite_note-34) In 2019, she landed a role in Noughts and Crosses alongside rapper Stormzy (/wiki/Stormzy) , produced by Shawn Corey Carter (/wiki/Shawn_Corey_Carter) also known as Jay Z at Roc Nation USA. Olumide produced and directed a show Metamorph through Open Art Surgery at the Traverse Theatre (/wiki/Traverse_Theatre) and founded the brief existence of The Official Youth on the Fringe at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe (/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe) , and starred in The Chicken Trial at the Pleasance courtyard. [35] (#cite_note-thestage-35) [36] (#cite_note-britishtheatreguide-36) In 2017, she produced and directed A Work in Progress live at The Stand Comedy club. Stephen K Amos, Katheryn Ryan, Trevor Noah and Dane Baptiste also appeared. [37] (#cite_note-37) Olumide was commissioned by BBC (/wiki/BBC) Comedy to produce her own comedy shorts titled “Afrish” following the success of her inaugural stand-up comedy show, “Afropoliticool,” at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In the production, she selected actors Verona Rose (/wiki/Verona_Rose) and Ricardo P Lloyd (/wiki/Ricardo_P._Lloyd) to assume supporting lead roles. [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) Television and broadcasting career [ edit ] Olumide has worked on BBC (/wiki/BBC) , Channel 5 (/wiki/Channel_5_(UK)) , ITV (/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)) and Sky (/wiki/Sky_(UK_and_Ireland)) television. She has presented from the 2012 BAFTA Awards [40] (#cite_note-VoxAfrica1-40) [41] (#cite_note-VoxAfrica2-41) and at Cannes Film Festival (/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival) . Olumide appears regularly on BBC Radio and in 2020 on BBC Radio 4 Pick of The Week, and is a panellist on prime time talk shows as well as John Bishop's Britain (/wiki/John_Bishop%27s_Britain) and BBC Learning Zone (/wiki/BBC_Learning_Zone) . [42] (#cite_note-bbc3-42) She produced an exclusive interview for Vice (/wiki/Vice_(magazine)) on Reincarnated (/wiki/Reincarnated_(film)) starring Snoop Dogg (/wiki/Snoop_Dogg) (also known as Snoop Lion). [43] (#cite_note-Scottish_Supermodels-43) Olumide has interviewed comedians Doc Brown (/wiki/Doc_Brown_(rapper)) and Stephen K Amos. In 2018, she appeared on BBC Loop, the Victoria Derbyshire (/wiki/Victoria_Derbyshire_(TV_programme)) Show , Secrets of The Royal Wardrobe Question Time , Lorraine (/wiki/Lorraine) , Good Morning Britain and BBC One's "Scotland's Treasures". In 2019, she interviewed Adrian Lester (/wiki/Adrian_Lester) and Josie Rourke at the premier of the film Mary Queen of Scots for MOBO [44] (#cite_note-44) She also participated as a panelist at the premier of The Hate You Give (/wiki/The_Hate_You_Give) with George The Poet (/wiki/George_The_Poet) She presented her own episode of BBC Radio Scotland (/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland) 's late night music show Music Match. [45] (#cite_note-45) In 2019, she presented The Sista Collective on BBC Radio 5 Live (/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live) interviewing Director Amma Asante (/wiki/Amma_Asante) and Singer Jamelia (/wiki/Jamelia) [46] (#cite_note-46) Other activities [ edit ] Olumide produced a variety of youth groups across the UK in Brixton London and at Hillhead High School (/wiki/Hillhead_High_School) , Granton and Muirhouse's G-Code in Edinburgh. [47] (#cite_note-stv2-47) She is an ambassador for Zero Waste Scotland, [48] (#cite_note-48) for issues of conservation and sustainability, as well as for Fashion Targets, [49] (#cite_note-49) [50] (#cite_note-50) joining the ranks of Kate Moss, Edith Bowman, Twiggy, Alan Carr & Sharon and Kelly Osborne. She regularly fund raises for charities including Children's Hospice Association Scotland (/wiki/Children%27s_Hospice_Association_Scotland) , [2] (#cite_note-auto2-2) The Well Foundation, Love Music Hate Racism (/wiki/Love_Music_Hate_Racism) and is a global ambassador for Graduate Fashion Week. [9] (#cite_note-ynaija-9) Olumide is a patron for Best Beginnings, [51] (#cite_note-51) and Adopt an Intern, [52] (#cite_note-52) helping to get women who have had a career break back into work. In 2015, Olumide founded her own art gallery representing artists including Richard Wilson, Tim Nobel, and Nick Walker. [53] (#cite_note-53) In 2019, she became the first Scottish model to produce an on-schedule London Fashion Week show Next Generation Regeneration to raise awareness on the Windrush scandal. She also delivered a key note speech at the Houses of Parliament which chimed with an investigation on the impact of the textile industry on the environment. She participated in an initiative with union Equity to develop a framework and strategy to support fashion models in the UK. [54] (#cite_note-54) She also set up Enigmatic Production and Promotion, through the Prince's Business Youth Trust,. [9] (#cite_note-ynaija-9) Awards and nominations [ edit ] Olumide was nominated for the Model of the Year in the Scottish Fashion Awards (/wiki/Scottish_Fashion_Awards) , sponsored by Vogue in 2011, 2013, 2015. She won Model of the Year in 2018 at the BBE Awards. [55] (#cite_note-55) In 2017, she was featured alongside supermodels Stella Tennant, Winnie Harlow (/wiki/Winnie_Harlow) and Brenda Finn. [11] (#cite_note-auto1-11) She appeared on the Front Cover of The Evening Standard with supermodel Adwoa Aboah. In November 2017, Olumide was awarded Member of the Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (MBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours (/wiki/2017_Birthday_Honours) for services to broadcasting, the arts, and charity. The investitute ceremony was held at Buckingham Palace, with Prince Charles (/wiki/Prince_Charles) handing the award to Olumide as well as to other award recipients at that event. [56] (#cite_note-56) [57] (#cite_note-57) In 2018, she was named as a Design Champion by V&A Dundee (/wiki/V%26A_Dundee) highlighting established names in design related industries in Scotland. [58] (#cite_note-58) [59] (#cite_note-59) [60] (#cite_note-60) [61] (#cite_note-61) See also [ edit ] Black British (/wiki/Black_British) British Nigerian (/wiki/British_Nigerian) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Eunice Olumide MBE – Fashion, passion and philanthropy - V&A Dundee" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015455/https://www.vandadundee.org/news-and-blog/blog/eunice-olumide-mbe--fashion-and-passion) . Vandadundee.org . Archived from the original (https://www.vandadundee.org/news-and-blog/blog/eunice-olumide-mbe--fashion-and-passion) on 7 February 2019 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ a b Brocklehurst, Steven (16 November 2017). " (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-41987606) 'I wrestled with MBE but accepted for my mum' (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-41987606) " (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-41987606) . Bbc.co.uk . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ a b c Greenaway, Heather (8 April 2012). "Catwalk queen on why fashion needs a lot more colour" (http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/lifestyle/fashion-beauty/catwalk-queen-on-why-fashion-needs-a-lot-1118765) . Daily Record (/wiki/Daily_Record_(Scotland)) . Retrieved 1 June 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-nationalcollective_4-0) "Eunice Olumide: Independence Would Be The Most Exciting Thing To Happen In Our Lifetime" (http://www.nationalcollective.com/2014/01/19/eunice-olumide-independence-would-be-the-most-exciting-thing-to-happen-in-our-lifetime/) . Edinburgh: National Collective. 19 January 2014 . Retrieved 18 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-thenational_5-0) Walker, Richard (8 February 2016). "The supermodel and the search for Scotland's forgotten black king" (http://www.thenational.scot/culture/the-supermodel-and-the-search-for-scotlands-forgotten-black-king.13411) . The National (/wiki/The_National_(Scotland)) . Retrieved 18 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Yoruba names" (http://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/yoruba) . Behind the Name . Retrieved 24 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) " (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx71lznl0e9o) 'I lost everything because I talked about racism' (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx71lznl0e9o) " (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx71lznl0e9o) . BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) . 17 December 2023 . Retrieved 29 December 2023 . ^ a b "Eunice Olumide - Glasgow Caledonian University - Scotland, UK" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124532/https://www.gcu.ac.uk/alumni/profile/featured/euniceolumide/) . Gcu.ac.uk . Archived from the original (https://www.gcu.ac.uk/alumni/profile/featured/euniceolumide/) on 9 February 2019 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ a b c d e Olowu, Yemi (14 September 2011). "Model Watch! All eyes on her – Eunice Olumide speaks on conquering Scotland" (http://www.ynaija.com/model-watch-eunice-olumide-speaks-on-her-job/) . YNaija (/wiki/YNaija) . Retrieved 1 June 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-heraldscotland1_10-0) Young, Caroline (28 March 2013). "Meet the Model: Eunice Olumide" (http://www.heraldscotland.com/fashion/latest/meet-the-model-eunice-olumide.2013034934) . Herald Scotland (/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)) . Retrieved 1 June 2013 . ^ a b Todd, Lucy (18 September 2018). "LFW 'still behind' New York for diversity" (https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-45548825) . Bbc.co.uk . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Hind, Sally (15 November 2018). "Supermodel Scot Eunice Olumide donates MBE to museum to inspire youngsters" (https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/scotland-now/supermodel-scot-eunice-olumide-donates-13591842) . Dailyrecord.co.uk . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Scottish Supermodels. "Eunice Olumide Tommy Hilfiger x ICON" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzGv_i0z5iw) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Equity - Eunice Olumide: Facing Facts" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201031194702/https://www.equity.org.uk/news/2017/october/eunice-olumide-facing-facts/) . Equity.org.uk . Archived from the original (https://www.equity.org.uk/news/2017/october/eunice-olumide-facing-facts/) on 31 October 2020 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Equity - Eunice Olumide: Facing Facts" (https://web.archive.org/web/20201031194702/https://www.equity.org.uk/news/2017/october/eunice-olumide-facing-facts/) . Equity.org.uk . Archived from the original (https://www.equity.org.uk/news/2017/october/eunice-olumide-facing-facts/) on 31 October 2020 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "How to Get into Fashion by Eunice Olumide | Waterstones" (https://www.waterstones.com/book/how-to-get-into-fashion/eunice-olumide/9781912147724) . Waterstones.com . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Edinburgh International Book Festival 2019 Looks For New Stories | Edinburgh Guide" (https://www.edinburghguide.com/news/visitingedinburgh/19975-edinburghinternationalbookfestival2019looksfornewstories) . Edinburghguide.com . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "MPs to investigate 'fast fashion' impact" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-44565755) . Bbc.co.uk . 22 June 2018 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "BBC Scotland - BBC Scotland - What's the real cost of fast fashion — and do we even care?" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/5NmCG5Rvvn46vFB0cMV1fPZ/what-s-the-real-cost-of-fast-fashion-and-do-we-even-care) . BBC . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-daily-buzz_20-0) "Interview: model and fashion designer Eunice Olumide" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131203032238/http://the-daily-buzz.com/post/315) . The Daily Buzz (/wiki/The_Daily_Buzz) . 29 February 2012. Archived from the original (http://the-daily-buzz.com/post/315) on 3 December 2013 . Retrieved 1 June 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Olumide, Eunice (18 November 2015). "Eunice Olumide limited Edition Bespoke Sunglasses AW17 Out Soon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20191217170213/http://euniceolumide.com/eunice-olumide-limited-edition-bespoke-sunglasses-aw17-out-soon/) . Archived from the original (http://euniceolumide.com/eunice-olumide-limited-edition-bespoke-sunglasses-aw17-out-soon/) on 17 December 2019 . Retrieved 17 December 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Collecting the Present: a life on display | National Museums Scotland Blog" (https://blog.nms.ac.uk/2018/10/24/collecting-the-present-a-life-on-display/) . Blog.nms.ac.uk . 24 October 2018 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Harper, Leah (15 September 2019). "Windrush campaigners bring a political edge to fashion week" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2019/sep/16/windrush-campaigners-bring-a-political-edge-to-fashion-week) . Theguardian.com . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "- 10 Magazine – Couture, High-end, Boutique Fashion News" (http://www.10magazine.com/) . 10 Magazine . 20 September 2019 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ a b c "Eunice Olumide - IMDbPro" (https://pro.imdb.com/name/nm4035410/) . Pro.imdb.com . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . [ unreliable source? ] ^ (#cite_ref-26) "TV stars sing for Great Ormond Street Christmas charity single" (https://www.itv.com/news/london/2018-11-30/tv-stars-sing-for-great-ormond-street-christmas-charity-single/) . ITV News . 30 November 2018 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Gail Porter discusses recording a celebrity charity single for Great Ormond Street Hospital" (http://www.femalefirst.co.uk/music/interviews/gail-porter-interview-great-ormond-street-hospital-christmas-charity-single-rock-with-rudolph-1174732.html) . Femalefirst.co.uk . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "The Celebs - Rock With Rudolph" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzKdnHT1zqg) . YouTube . TheCelebsVEVO . Retrieved 30 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Good Morning Britain stars show off their vocals in charity Christmas single" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/good-morning-britain-stars-show-22984823) . Daily Mirror (/wiki/Daily_Mirror) . 10 November 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "The Celebs - Merry Christmas Everyone" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEwtQcv24nM) . YouTube . TheCelebsVEVO . Retrieved 11 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Saga Entertainment and The Celebs have reunited, fronted by 'Shona Mcgarty' who sings a heart warming rendition of the Beatles classic 'Let It Be' (https://discovermediadigital.com/saga-entertainment-and-the-celebs-have-reunited-this-year-fronted-by-shona-mcgarty-best-known-for-playing-whitney-dean-on-eastenders-shona-sings-a-heart-warming-rendition-of-the-beatles-classic) " (https://discovermediadigital.com/saga-entertainment-and-the-celebs-have-reunited-this-year-fronted-by-shona-mcgarty-best-known-for-playing-whitney-dean-on-eastenders-shona-sings-a-heart-warming-rendition-of-the-beatles-classic) . discovermediadigital.com . 9 December 2021 . Retrieved 10 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Supporting mental health charity MIND, 'The Celebs' release a beautiful Beatles cover 'Let it Be' (https://thissoundnation.co.uk/supporting-mental-health-charity-mind-the-celebs-release-a-beautiful-beatles-cover-let-it-be) " (https://thissoundnation.co.uk/supporting-mental-health-charity-mind-the-celebs-release-a-beautiful-beatles-cover-let-it-be) . thissoundnation.co.uk . 9 December 2021 . Retrieved 10 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) McGarty, Shona (/wiki/Shona_McGarty) (performer); The Celebs (/wiki/The_Celebs) (performers). Shona McGarty - Let It Be (Official Video) ft. The Celebs ( YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) ). London (/wiki/London) : ShonaMcGartyVEVO . Retrieved 10 October 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Rogue One: Eunice Olumide to be immortalised as Star Wars toy" (https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/culture/film/rogue-one-eunice-olumide-to-be-immortalised-as-star-wars-toy-1-4021278) . Scotsman.com . 4 February 2016 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-thestage_35-0) Awde, Nick (16 August 2016). "The Chicken Trial review at Pleasance Courtyard, Edinburgh – 'zips along but lacks depth' (https://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/2016/451370/) " (https://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/2016/451370/) . The Stage (/wiki/The_Stage) . Retrieved 21 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-britishtheatreguide_36-0) Blain, Liam (16 August 2016). "The Chicken Trial at Pleasance Courtyard" (http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/the-chicken-tri-the-cellar-ple-13157) . The British Theatre Guide . Retrieved 21 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Curtis Brown" (https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/eunice-olumide) . Curtisbrown.co.uk . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "From controversy to comedy: Supermodel Eunice Olumide on race, pain and laughter" (https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/eunice-olumide-model-racism-comedy-b2284021.html) . The Independent . 26 February 2023 . Retrieved 18 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Ipswich actor hits the small screen in new BBC comedy show" (https://www.ipswichstar.co.uk/news/23364918.ipswich-actor-ricardo-p-lloyd-appear-bbc-comedy-show/) . Ipswich Star . 6 March 2023 . Retrieved 18 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-VoxAfrica1_40-0) "Eunice Olumide Broadcasting Live at the BAFTA Awards" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGQfxaelbVQ) . Vox Africa. 20 December 2012 . Retrieved 1 June 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-VoxAfrica2_41-0) "Eunice Olumide Broadcasting Exclusively at Screen Nation Awards SKY TV" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsCP4g6fNxI) . Vox Africa. 12 March 2013 . Retrieved 1 June 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-bbc3_42-0) "Scots language rap" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/scots-language-rap/13341.html) . BBC Learning Zone (/wiki/BBC_Learning_Zone) . BBC (/wiki/BBC) . Retrieved 1 January 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Scottish_Supermodels_43-0) "Eunice Olumide Andy Capper Interview 'Reincarnated' (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGQfxaelbVQ) " (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGQfxaelbVQ) . Scottish Supermodels. 29 March 2013 . Retrieved 1 December 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) admin (28 January 2019). "Eunice Olumide, Josie Rourke, Adrian Lester Interview Premier Mary Queen of Scots" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124525/http://euniceolumide.com/eunice-olumide-josie-rourke-adrian-lester-interview-premier-mary-queen-scots/) . Archived from the original (http://euniceolumide.com/eunice-olumide-josie-rourke-adrian-lester-interview-premier-mary-queen-scots/) on 9 February 2019 . Retrieved 5 February 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) "BBC Radio Scotland - The Music Match, 20/11/2015" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06pcz65) . BBC . 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Zero Waste Scotland . 4 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Stars come out to celebrate Fashion Targets Breast Cancer" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190426153030/https://breastcancernow.org/news-and-blogs/news/stars-come-out-to-celebrate-fashion-targets-breast-cancer) . Breast Cancer Now . 11 April 2014. Archived from the original (https://breastcancernow.org/news-and-blogs/news/stars-come-out-to-celebrate-fashion-targets-breast-cancer) on 26 April 2019 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-50) "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124110/https://fashiontargetsbreastcancer.org.uk/assets/downloads/Kate-Moss-Naomi-Campbell-Mario-Testino-join-forces-to-support-Fashion-Targets-Breast-Cancer.pdf) (PDF) . fashiontargetsbreastcancer.org.uk . Archived from the original (https://fashiontargetsbreastcancer.org.uk/assets/downloads/Kate-Moss-Naomi-Campbell-Mario-Testino-join-forces-to-support-Fashion-Targets-Breast-Cancer.pdf) (PDF) on 9 February 2019 . Retrieved 13 January 2022 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title) ) ^ (#cite_ref-51) "Patrons and ambassadors" (https://www.bestbeginnings.org.uk/patrons-ambassadors) . Best Beginnings . 5 June 2018 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-52) "EUNICE OLUMIDE, Patron" (https://www.aai-talent.co.uk/eunice_olumide) . Aai-talent.co.uk . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-53) "5 Questions for Olumide Gallery" (https://news.artnet.com/market/london-olumide-gallery-interview-504797) . News.artnet.com . 25 May 2016 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-54) "Eunice Olumide - National Museums Scotland Blog" (https://blog.nms.ac.uk/author/eolumide/) . Blog.nms.ac.uk . 24 October 2018 . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-55) BBE [@BlackBritishEnt] (11 January 2018). "BBE AWARDS 2017 Best Female model @euniceolumide MBE" (https://x.com/BlackBritishEnt/status/951539423811862530) ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) . Retrieved 26 July 2019 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ (#cite_ref-56) "No. 61962" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61962/supplement/B21) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 17 June 2017. p. B21. ^ (#cite_ref-57) Eunice Olumide: Scottish actress collects MBE at Buckingham Palace - hours before DJ club set (https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/15666653.eunice-olumide-scottish-actress-collects-mbe-at-buckingham-palace-hours-before-dj-club-set/) 16th November 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-58) "Eunice Olumide MBE – Fashion, passion and philanthropy • V&A Blog" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/dundee/eunice-olumide-mbe-fashion-passion-and-philanthropy) . 2 March 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-59) "V&A Dundee · Fashion Camp" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/dundee/event/128/fashion-camp) . Victoria and Albert Museum Dundee . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-60) "V&A Dundee · The Look: Westwood" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/dundee/event/150/the-look-westwood) . Victoria and Albert Museum Dundee . Retrieved 3 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-61) [1] (https://twitter.com/tate/status/1148985529809215488) [ dead link ] External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.euniceolumide.com/) Eunice Olumide (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4035410/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) eunice olumide (https://web.archive.org/web/20131203090037/http://www.fashionsfinest.com/directory/profiles/item/1292-eunice-olumide) . Fashions Finest . 6 June 2011 Olowu, Yemi. Model Watch! All eyes on her – Eunice Olumide speaks on conquering Scotland (http://www.ynaija.com/model-watch-eunice-olumide-speaks-on-her-job/) . YNaija (/wiki/YNaija) . 14 September 2011 Interview: model and fashion designer Eunice Olumide (https://web.archive.org/web/20131203032238/http://the-daily-buzz.com/post/315) . The Daily Buzz (/wiki/The_Daily_Buzz) . 29 February 2012 Young, Caroline. Meet the Model: Eunice Olumide (http://www.heraldscotland.com/fashion/latest/meet-the-model-eunice-olumide.2013034934) . 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American fashion designer William "Bill" Atkinson (1916-1995) was an American architect and fashion designer working in the American sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) style. Early life [ edit ] Atkinson was born in Troy, New York (/wiki/Troy,_New_York) , in 1916. [1] (#cite_note-cm-1) He studied architecture and landscaping at Cornell University and worked for MGM (/wiki/MGM) as a set designer and Chrysler (/wiki/Chrysler) before launching a private architectural practice in 1945. [1] (#cite_note-cm-1) [2] (#cite_note-wwdobit-2) He won the Prix de Rome (/wiki/Prix_de_Rome) for architecture in 1940. [2] (#cite_note-wwdobit-2) He was also a keen nature and fashion photographer. [2] (#cite_note-wwdobit-2) Fashion career [ edit ] During World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) Atkinson made a skirt for his first wife out of bandanas (/wiki/Bandana) as a way of getting around government rationing (/wiki/Rationing) , which led to requests for similar garments and in 1950, he started a firm called Glen of Michigan in collaboration with a contractor. [1] (#cite_note-cm-1) [3] (#cite_note-3) He designed sportswear (an American term for separates and relaxed dressing, rather than activewear for sports) collections for the Milwaukee-based firm, as well as heading up its childrenswear and junior lines. [2] (#cite_note-wwdobit-2) However Atkinson also offered actual sporting clothing, and in 1957 Sports Illustrated (/wiki/Sports_Illustrated) voted him Designer of the Year for his calico (/wiki/Calico) , corduroy (/wiki/Corduroy) and tweed (/wiki/Tweed) designs which were equally wearable for traveling, spectating sports, or while playing golf (/wiki/Golf) and similar sports. [4] (#cite_note-4) He went on to collaborate with Sports Illustrated on a collection of golfing clothing for Spring 1958. [5] (#cite_note-5) He finally created a design consultancy in 1970 called Presentations, [1] (#cite_note-cm-1) and in 1974, in partnership with his second wife Jeanne Atkinson, a consultant in the fashion industry, created Bill Atkinson Inc. [2] (#cite_note-wwdobit-2) The company specialized in sportswear which was offered at reasonable bridge price points (bridging the gap between expensive and budget lines), one of the first to do so before it became a common fashion manufacturing practice. [2] (#cite_note-wwdobit-2) In 1978, the Coty (/wiki/Coty_Inc.) jury voted for him to receive that year's Coty Award (/wiki/Coty_Award) for fashion design, and the following year, he won a Dallas Fashion Award. [1] (#cite_note-cm-1) [2] (#cite_note-wwdobit-2) He sold his business to the Toronto-based sportswear company Highland Queen in 1982, officially retired from the fashion industry in 1984, and bought his name back from Highland Queen in 1985. [2] (#cite_note-wwdobit-2) Personal life and death [ edit ] Atkinson was married twice. His first, to Sylvia F. Weaver, ended in divorce in 1960. He and Jeanne divorced in 1986. [2] (#cite_note-wwdobit-2) He died 20 August 1995 at home in Westport, Connecticut (/wiki/Westport,_Connecticut) , of natural causes. [2] (#cite_note-wwdobit-2) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e McDowell, Colin (/wiki/Colin_McDowell) (1987). McDowell's directory of twentieth century fashion (2nd rev. ed.). London: Muller. p. 86. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0584111673 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j "SPORTSWEAR DESIGNER BILL ATKINSON DIES AT 79" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1141025/) . Women's Wear Daily . 6 September 1995 . Retrieved 16 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Staff, S. I. (7 May 1956). "Cracker-Barrel Classics" (https://vault.si.com/vault/1956/05/07/crackerbarrel-classics) . Sports Illustrated . Retrieved 16 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ahern, Jo (10 June 1957). "The Winners! Sports Illustrated's second American Sportswear Design Awards go to two men who gave women a sporting look" (https://vault.si.com/vault/1957/06/10/the-winners) . Sports Illustrated . Retrieved 16 June 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Zill, Jo Ahern (24 March 1958). "Special Wardrobe for the Gentlewoman Golfer" (https://vault.si.com/vault/1958/03/24/special-wardrobe-for-the-gentlewoman-golfer) . Sports Illustrated . Retrieved 16 June 2022 . v t e American sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) 20th century sportswear designers Adri (/wiki/Adrienne_Steckling-Coen) Bill Atkinson Louella Ballerino (/wiki/Louella_Ballerino) Jhane Barnes (/wiki/Jhane_Barnes) Geoffrey Beene (/wiki/Geoffrey_Beene) Tom Brigance (/wiki/Tom_Brigance) Donald Brooks (/wiki/Donald_Brooks) Stephen Burrows (/wiki/Stephen_Burrows_(designer)) Jeanne Campbell (/wiki/Jeanne_S._Campbell) Bonnie Cashin (/wiki/Bonnie_Cashin) Kenneth Cole (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_(designer)) Liz Claiborne (/wiki/Liz_Claiborne) Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis) Anne Fogarty (/wiki/Anne_Fogarty) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) Rudi Gernreich (/wiki/Rudi_Gernreich) Halston (/wiki/Halston) Elizabeth Hawes (/wiki/Elizabeth_Hawes) Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) Norma Kamali (/wiki/Norma_Kamali) Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) Muriel King (/wiki/Muriel_King) Anne Klein (/wiki/Anne_Klein_(fashion_designer)) Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) Tina Leser (/wiki/Tina_Leser) Vera Maxwell (/wiki/Vera_Maxwell) Claire McCardell (/wiki/Claire_McCardell) Isaac Mizrahi (/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi) Clare Potter (/wiki/Clare_Potter) Clovis Ruffin (/wiki/Clovis_Ruffin) Giorgio di Sant' Angelo (/wiki/Giorgio_di_Sant%27_Angelo) Carolyn Schnurer (/wiki/Carolyn_Schnurer) Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) John Weitz (/wiki/John_Weitz) Emily Wilkens (/wiki/Emily_Wilkens) Sydney Wragge (/wiki/Sydney_Wragge) Zoran (/wiki/Zoran_(designer)) 21st century sportswear designers Derek Lam (/wiki/Derek_Lam) Mary Ping (/wiki/Mary_Ping) Zac Posen (/wiki/Zac_Posen) Proenza Schouler (/wiki/Proenza_Schouler) Behnaz Sarafpour (/wiki/Behnaz_Sarafpour) Notable designs Popover (dress) (/wiki/Popover_(dress)) Wrap dress (/wiki/Wrap_dress) Other associated people Richard Martin (/wiki/Richard_Martin_(curator)) Dorothy Shaver (/wiki/Dorothy_Shaver) See also The American Look (/wiki/American_Look_(fashion_movement)) Clothing terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) History of clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐xqc5m Cached time: 20240712202727 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.401 seconds Real time usage: 0.490 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 585/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19569/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 444/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 29188/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.273/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4177094/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 430.785 1 -total 44.70% 192.548 1 Template:Reflist 30.54% 131.575 1 Template:Cite_book 30.02% 129.305 1 Template:American_sportswear 28.69% 123.571 1 Template:Navbox 22.52% 97.033 1 Template:Short_description 13.20% 56.874 2 Template:Pagetype 5.89% 25.369 3 Template:Main_other 5.77% 24.869 3 Template:Cite_magazine 5.26% 22.660 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:71044726-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712202727 and revision id 1162042748. 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Chinese swimwear company The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Zoke" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Zoke%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Zoke%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Zoke%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Zoke%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Zoke%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Zoke%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Zoke Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Industry Textile (/wiki/Textile_industry) Founded 1996 ; 28 years ago ( 1996 ) Headquarters Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) , China (/wiki/China) Products Swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit) Website zoke.cn (http://zoke.cn/) Zoke Chau G (洲克) is a Chinese manufacturing company (/wiki/Manufacturing_company) of swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit) , headquartered in Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) and founded in 1996. [ citation needed ] As of 2000, the company was among the most visible swimwear brands in China. [1] (#cite_note-1) It is one of the local premium Chinese brands similar to Li Ning brand (/wiki/Li_Ning_(company)) for sportswear. [2] (#cite_note-2) The company's main factory is in Quanzhou (/wiki/Quanzhou) , Fujian. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Zhongguo jing ji xin xi -2000 Issues 13-18 "在品牌方面有台湾的热浪、夏之恋、北京的浩沙、上海洲克、广东葆丽雅等,任兔消费者挑选。" ^ (#cite_ref-2) Chantal A Friendly Foreigner in China 2012- Page 193 "I have decided to swim once a week on one of my days off, and for the occasion I have purchased a new swimsuit at a good price, this is China! Another Chinese brand name after Li Ning for my running shoes, this time Zoke for swim wear..." ^ (#cite_ref-3) Efu.com brands (Chinese) (http://www.efu.com.cn/brand/10/03/440.htm) External links [ edit ] Official website (http://zoke.cn/) v t e Athletic shoes and sporting goods of (/wiki/Athletic_shoe) China (/wiki/China) 361 Degrees (/wiki/361_Degrees) Anta (/wiki/Anta_Sports) Peak (/wiki/Peak_Sport_Products) Dongxiang (/wiki/China_Dongxiang) Erke (/wiki/ERKE) Feiyue (/wiki/Feiyue) Li-Ning (/wiki/Li-Ning) Monton (/wiki/Monton_Sports) Pou Sheng (/wiki/Pou_Sheng_International) Warrior (/wiki/Warrior_(shoes)) Xtep (/wiki/Xtep) Zoke Guirenniao (/wiki/Guirenniao) v t e Competitive swimwear (/wiki/Competitive_swimwear) Swimsuits Female suits Bodyskin (/wiki/Bodyskin) Kneeskin (/wiki/Kneeskin) Racerback (/wiki/Racerback) One-piece swimsuit (/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit) Male suits Bodyskin Jammers (/wiki/Jammer_(swimwear)) Kneeskin Legskin (/wiki/Legskin) Square leg suits (/wiki/Square_leg_suits) Swim briefs (/wiki/Swim_briefs) Materials High-technology swimwear (/wiki/High-technology_swimwear) Nylon (/wiki/Nylon) Polyurethane (/wiki/Polyurethane) Spandex (/wiki/Spandex) Accessories Earplug (/wiki/Earplug) Goggles (/wiki/Goggles) Noseclip (/wiki/Noseclip) Swim cap (/wiki/Swim_cap) Training gear Fistgloves (/wiki/Fistgloves) Hand paddle (/wiki/Hand_paddle) Pool float (/wiki/Pool_float) Pool noodle (/wiki/Pool_noodle) Pull buoy (/wiki/Pull_buoy) Swimfin (/wiki/Swimfin) Swimming machine (/wiki/Swimming_machine) Manufacturers Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Agon (/wiki/AgonSwim) Arena (/wiki/Arena_(swimwear)) Delfina Sport (/wiki/Delfina_Sport) Dolfin (/wiki/Dolfin_Swimwear) Ellesse (/wiki/Ellesse) Head (/wiki/Head_(company)) Mizuno (/wiki/Mizuno_Corporation) Nike (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) Orca (/wiki/Orca_(company)) Speedo (/wiki/Speedo) TYR (/wiki/TYR_Sport) Way Funky (/wiki/Way_Funky) Zoggs (/wiki/Zoggs) Zoke See also FINA (/wiki/FINA) History of competitive swimwear (/wiki/History_of_competitive_swimwear) This article about a business, industry, or trade-related organization is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoke&action=edit) . v t e This article about an organization in China is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoke&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐qk82n Cached time: 20240714051729 Cache expiry: 1536152 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.375 seconds Real time usage: 0.604 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1855/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 42709/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1754/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 29985/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.227/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4023961/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 555.193 1 -total 28.96% 160.808 3 Template:Navbox 28.46% 157.987 1 Template:Athletic_shoes_and_sporting_goods_of_China 26.07% 144.726 1 Template:Infobox_company 23.94% 132.914 1 Template:Infobox 17.65% 98.008 1 Template:Short_description 14.98% 83.158 1 Template:Notability 13.33% 73.994 1 Template:Ambox 9.47% 52.599 2 Template:Pagetype 4.95% 27.498 7 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40014106-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714051729 and revision id 1131769959. 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American fashion buyer, art collector and patron of the arts Rosalind Gersten Jacobs Born ( 1925-06-09 ) June 9, 1925 Died December 21, 2019 (2019-12-21) (aged 94) Nationality American Education B.A. Hunter College, New York City Occupation(s) Fashion buyer, arts patron Spouse Melvin Jacobs (died 1993) Children Peggy Jacobs Bader Rosalind Gersten Jacobs (June 9, 1925 – December 21, 2019) was an American fashion buyer, retail executive, merchandise and marketing consultant, art collector, and patron of the arts. Along with her husband Melvin Jacobs, she built relationships with key artists from the Dada (/wiki/Dada) and Surrealist (/wiki/Surrealism) movements during the 1950s and 1960s and assembled a rare and notable collection of their works. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) [2] (#cite_note-wwd.com-2) Biography [ edit ] Born in Manhattan, New York City (/wiki/Manhattan,_New_York_City) , to Ida (née Goldstein) and Mark Gersten, Rosalind Gersten was the second of three children. She attended New York's Hunter High School (/wiki/Hunter_High_School) and Hunter College (/wiki/Hunter_College) , receiving her B.A. in 1946. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) She had a distinguished twenty-four year career as a pioneering retail buyer for Macy's, during which she built lasting relationships with artists whose work would form the core of a celebrated art collection. [2] (#cite_note-wwd.com-2) In 1957, Gersten met and married Melvin Jacobs, a merchandise executive at Bloomingdale's (/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s) . Their daughter Peggy was born in 1960, and they moved from New York City to Miami in 1972. Following a brief interlude in Cincinnati, she and her family returned to New York City in 1982 for her husband to take up his post as chairman and chief executive of Saks Fifth Avenue. From the 1970s to the early 1990s, photographs of the power couple frequently appeared on the pages of Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) and in the local press in New York City, Miami, Cincinnati, and elsewhere where they attended fashion, art, and philanthropic events. Gersten Jacobs was widowed in 1993, when her husband died months after his retirement. [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] After being accepted into the Macy’s (/wiki/Macy%E2%80%99s) training program in 1949, Gersten quickly became the head buyer for Macy’s Little Shop boutique at the New York City flagship store and was later promoted to vice president and fashion director for Macy's nationwide. [5] (#cite_note-5) Among her accomplishments in that capacity was the 1968 orchestration at the New York City store of the first comprehensive exhibition in the city of the 1960s generation of British artists. [6] (#cite_note-6) Over her twenty-four years with Macy's, she travelled to Europe numerous times and acquired items both commercially for Macy's Little Shop boutique and personally for her art collection. [7] (#cite_note-7) When the family relocated to Miami in 1972, Gersten Jacobs commuted to New York for work until retiring from Macy's in 1975. [8] (#cite_note-8) From 1977 to 1998, she was director of merchandise and marketing at Corporate Property Investors (/wiki/Corporate_Property_Investors) . [9] (#cite_note-9) Art collecting [ edit ] As reported upon her death in 2019, "Glass-ceiling-breaking retail executive Rosalind Gersten Jacobs also forged inroads in the world of Surrealist art." [10] (#cite_note-10) Shortly before embarking on her first overseas buying trip for Macy's, in 1954, she met American artists and art patrons Noma (/wiki/Noma_Copley) and William Copley (/wiki/William_Copley_(artist)) who were visiting New York from their French home. As a result of that encounter, the Copleys would become lifelong friends, introducing her to the avant-garde circle of artists whose works she would go on to collect and whose friendships would greatly impact her life. [11] (#cite_note-11) She made frequent visits to their villa in Longpont-sur-Orge (/wiki/Longpont-sur-Orge) , which had become a central gathering place in postwar France for a community of Surrealists to reunite after their dispersal during the war. [12] (#cite_note-12) On her 1954 buying trip to Paris, the Copleys introduced Gersten Jacobs to the American artist Man Ray (/wiki/Man_Ray) and his wife Juliet. [13] (#cite_note-13) She developed a lifelong friendship with the couple, who—along with the Copleys—would provide entrée to a circle of artists who had been instrumental in the Dada and Surrealist movements during the interwar period. Black-and-white and color portraits Man Ray made of his new friend between 1956 and 1958 pay tribute to the relationship. [14] (#cite_note-14) On a subsequent trip to Paris in 1955, Gersten Jacobs met and befriended the American photographer Lee Miller (/wiki/Lee_Miller) and British Surrealist Roland Penrose (/wiki/Roland_Penrose) . The hospitality the couple extended during her frequent visits to their Farley Farm House (/wiki/Farley_Farm_House) in Chiddingly (/wiki/Chiddingly) , East Sussex, which had become a sort of artists' Mecca, were reciprocated in their visits to the Jacobs's home in New York City. [15] (#cite_note-15) The print of Miller's 1930 portrait of Charlie Chaplin in the Jacobs's collection was acquired as a result of that friendship. [16] (#cite_note-16) The artwork that launched Gersten Jacobs’s collection in 1955 was a birthday gift from the Copleys of René Magritte (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte) ’s L’Éloge de la Dialectique , an intriguing 1948 gouache she had admired hanging in the Copley’s Longpont home. [17] (#cite_note-17) Although Magritte would remain an artist of great interest—six additional works in various mediums would be added to the burgeoning assembly over the next several years—the artist whose work would ultimately define the collection was Man Ray. [18] (#cite_note-18) The couple’s first major acquisition of his work was the purchase in 1959 of his 1948 canvas Julius Caesar . [19] (#cite_note-19) One of twenty paintings in the Shakespearean Equations series the artist produced while living in Hollywood, the work had been among those featured in the Man Ray exhibition at Copley’s gallery in 1948. [20] (#cite_note-20) Over their years of friendship with the artist, the Jacobses acquired more than fifty works to include photographs, paintings, assemblages, prints, objects, and jewelry representing a trajectory of the artist’s career, as well as a selection of memorabilia. Interest in supporting artists such as Man Ray during financially precarious periods in the artists’ lives was an impetus behind many of the Jacobs’s acquisitions. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Over a number of years they acquired eleven of his rayographs (/wiki/Rayographs) and additional photographic prints dating from the 1920s to the 1960s. The centerpiece of the collection was Man Ray’s 1924 Le Violon d’Ingres , one of the most iconic images of the Surrealist movement. [21] (#cite_note-21) Immediately after encountering the work at the artist’s exhibition at the Bibliothéque Nationale (/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A9que_Nationale) in Paris in 1962 and recognizing its witty layering of meaning, Gersten Jacobs set out to acquire it. Following the publication of Man Ray's autobiography Self Portrait one year later, she and her husband threw a large party at their home to celebrate the book. [22] (#cite_note-22) Le Violon d’Ingres would not be the last important work the couple would obtain in their immersion in a community of artists whose work remained largely overshadowed during the period in which their collection grew. Embraced as members of an extended family centered around Man Ray and Juliet and the Copleys, the Jacobses would also build lasting friendships with artists Magritte, Marcel Duchamp (/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp) , Max Ernst (/wiki/Max_Ernst) , Dorothea Tanning (/wiki/Dorothea_Tanning) , and dealers Julien Levy (/wiki/Julien_Levy) , Alexander Iolas (/wiki/Alexander_Iolas) , acquiring works directly from them. Other artists from the Dada and Surrealist movements represented in their collection include Hans Bellmer (/wiki/Hans_Bellmer) , Salvador Dalí (/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD) , Roberto Matta (/wiki/Roberto_Matta) , Francis Picabia (/wiki/Francis_Picabia) , Joseph Cornell (/wiki/Joseph_Cornell) , Mina Loy (/wiki/Mina_Loy) , Leon Kelly (/wiki/Leon_Kelly) , Yves Tanguy (/wiki/Yves_Tanguy) , Wols (/wiki/Wols) (Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schultze), and Paul Delvaux (/wiki/Paul_Delvaux) . [23] (#cite_note-23) Additionally, Roz was drawn to the jewelry artists were making, acquiring striking pieces at the intersection of her interests in fashion and art. Her jewelry collection grew to include brooches, bracelets, rings, earrings and other accessories not only by Man Ray but also Pablo Picasso (/wiki/Pablo_Picasso) , Matta, Ernst, Claude Lalanne (/wiki/Les_Lalanne) , Roy Lichtenstein (/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein) , Niki de Saint Phalle (/wiki/Niki_de_Saint_Phalle) , and, especially, Noma Copley (/wiki/Noma_Copley) . The Jacobses were able to assemble their unique collection due to their privileged position within the international art community, and it was a unique chapter in the collection of modern art. Gersten Jacobs reflected on their experience in an interview in 1999, noting that “[w]e moved in a visually exciting world of fashion and design and developed an affinity for art that challenged the boundaries of reality. Surrealism was not new when we discovered it in the fifties, but it was new to us . . . my attraction to it was immediate, it stretched my imagination.” [24] (#cite_note-24) Rosalind and Melvin Jacobs continued to collect into the 1970s and ‘80s, adding works by younger artists they felt resonated with the Surrealists. These include Gilbert and George (/wiki/Gilbert_and_George) , Hilla and Bernd Becher (/wiki/Bernd_and_Hilla_Becher) , Arman (/wiki/Arman) , James Casebere (/wiki/James_Casebere) , and Candida Hofer (/wiki/Candida_Hofer) . After the family moved to Miami in 1972, Gersten Jacobs served on the Board of Governors during the formative period in the development of what subsequently became the Perez Art Museum (/wiki/P%C3%A9rez_Art_Museum_Miami) . [25] (#cite_note-25) The Jacobses maintained close friendships throughout their lives with the artists whose works they valued as extensions of those relationships. The couple's visit to Duchamp at his Manhattan apartment was followed in 1957 by a house call by the artist to consult about one his pieces in their collection they feared had been damaged. Noma Copley, their daughter Peggy's godmother, remained a close friend for decades. In addition to continued visits with Man Ray and Juliet and Miller and Penrose on both sides of the ocean, Gersten Jacobs organized a surprise birthday party for Juliet Man Ray in 1971 at La Méditerranée Restaurant in Paris, inviting Ernst and Tanning to join them. [26] (#cite_note-26) She was at Man Ray's bedside in his Paris studio reading to him shortly before he died in 1976. [27] (#cite_note-27) Later years [ edit ] In her later life Gersten Jacobs remained active in support of the arts and served on the board of several organizations including The Merce Cunningham Dance Foundation, Learning Through Art (Guggenheim Museum's Children's Program), and the Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami (/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_North_Miami) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Rosalind Gersten Jacobs died at her home in New York City on December 21, 2019, at age 94. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Legacy [ edit ] Selected works from the Rosalind and Melvin Jacobs Collection have been lent to major exhibitions around the world. [28] (#cite_note-28) Exhibitions featuring their art collection were mounted at Miami’s Museum of Contemporary Art in 2000 and at the Pace/MacGill Gallery in New York City in 2009. [29] (#cite_note-29) In 2018, the Jacobs family gifted several significant works from the collection to The Philips Collection in Washington, D.C. [30] (#cite_note-30) The record-breaking sale of "The Surrealist collection of Rosalind Gersten Jacobs and Melvin Jacobs," which took place in New York at Christie's on May 14, 2022, was a tribute to the singular vision of the couple. Records were broken for the sale at auction of several of the artists featured, most notably Man Ray's iconic Le Violon d'Ingres . Sold for $12.4 million, it nearly tripled the record for the most expensive photograph ever sold at auction. [31] (#cite_note-31) Further reading [ edit ] Clearwater, Bonnie. Sweet Dreams & Nightmares: Dada and Surrealism from the Rosalind & Melvin Jacobs Collection (North Miami: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2000). The Long Arm of Coincidence: The Rosalind and Melvin Jacobs Collection of Dada and Surrealist Art (New York: Pace/MacGill Gallery, 2009). The Surrealist World of Rosalind Gersten Jacobs & Melvin Jacobs , Christie’s, New York, Auction catalog, 14 May, 2022. References [ edit ] ^ a b "SURREAL FRIENDS" (https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2000-04-06-0004060591-story.html/) . Sun Sentinel . 2000-04-06 . Retrieved 2023-06-15 . ^ a b Feitelberg, Rosemary (2020-01-03). "Insider to the Surrealist Art World, 'Roz' Jacobs' Life in Art and Fashion" (https://wwd.com/feature/insider-to-the-surrealist-art-world-roz-jacobs-life-in-art-and-fashion-1203409384/) . WWD . Retrieved 2023-06-15 . ^ a b c "ROSALIND JACOBS Obituary (1925 - 2020) - New York, NY - New York Times" (https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/nytimes/name/rosalind-jacobs-obituary?id=14652126) . Legacy.com . Retrieved 2023-06-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Strom, Stephanie (1993-10-08). "Melvin Jacobs, Former Executive At Saks Fifth Avenue, Dies at 67" (https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/08/obituaries/melvin-jacobs-former-executive-at-saks-fifth-avenue-dies-at-67.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2023-06-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Rosalind Gersten Leaves Macy's." Women’s Wear Daily , vol. 126, no. 78, Apr 20, 1973, pp. 2. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Kramer, Hilton (1968-09-08). " (https://www.nytimes.com/1968/09/08/archives/-major-export-items-arrive-at-macys-fifth-floor.html) ' Major Export Items' Arrive at Macy's Fifth Floor" (https://www.nytimes.com/1968/09/08/archives/-major-export-items-arrive-at-macys-fifth-floor.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2023-06-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) William Copley, “American Buyers Obtain Many European Articles” Aurora Beacon News (July 22, 1955), 7. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Ena Naunton, “Jet Age Marriage Works for the Jacobses,” Miami Herald (February 11, 1973): 1E. ^ (#cite_ref-9) "LittleSis: Rosalind Gersten Jacobs" (https://littlesis.org/person/158300-Rosalind_Gersten_Jacobs#) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Rosemary Feitelberg, "Insider to the Surrealist Art World, ‘Roz’ Jacobs’ Life in Art and Fashion," WWD, January 3, 2020 [1] (https://wwd.com/feature/insider-to-the-surrealist-art-world-roz-jacobs-life-in-art-and-fashion-1203409384) / ^ (#cite_ref-11) Wendy A. Grossman, “Kindred Spirits: The Legacy of a Storied Life Among the Surrealists,” The Surrealist World of Rosalind Gersten Jacobs & Melvin Jacobs , Christie’s, New York, Auction catalog, 14 May, 2022, 10-19. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Cay Sophie Rabinowitz, ed. William N. Copley: An American Close to Paris: Longpont-sur-Orge (New York: Osmos, 2018). ^ (#cite_ref-13) Neil Baldwin, Man Ray. American Artist (Da Capo Press, 1988), 316. ^ (#cite_ref-14) One of two color portraits in the collection of the Centre Pompidou in Paris is reproduced in Clement Chéroux, ed., Man Ray Portraits (Centre Pompidou, 2010), 35. Another is in the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum [2] (https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/rosalind-jacobs-mon-premier-amour-110924.) ^ (#cite_ref-15) Carolyn Burke, Lee Miller: A Life (Alfred A. Knopf, 2005), 339, 345, 347, 351, 358, 360. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Pace/MacGill Gallery | Details page for individual art works" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190223030816/https://www.pacemacgill.com/art_details.php?exhibition_tag=80&exhibition_order=19) . pacemacgill.com . Archived from the original (https://pacemacgill.com/art_details.php?exhibition_tag=80&exhibition_order=19) on 2019-02-23. ^ (#cite_ref-17) Bonnie Clearwater, Sweet Dreams & Nightmares: Dada and Surrealism from the Rosalind & Melvin Jacobs Collection (North Miami: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2000), 4. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Alexandra Anderson-Spivy, "Just Friends," artnet (May 12, 2009): [3] (http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/reviews/spivy/spivy5-12-09.asp)) ^ (#cite_ref-19) Bonnie Clearwater, Sweet Dreams & Nightmares: Dada and Surrealism from the Rosalind & Melvin Jacobs Collection (North Miami: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2000), 6–7. ^ (#cite_ref-20) The Man Ray exhibition at Copley Galleries took place from December 13, 1948 to January 9, 1949. See Man Ray Human Equations , exhibition catalogue, The Phillips Collection, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-21) See Francis Naumann, “Man Ray’s Le Violon d’Ingres, 1924,” Peter MacGill, “On Le Violon d’Ingres,” and Paul Messier, “A Technical Analysis of Le Violon d’Ingres” in The Long Arm of Coincidence: The Rosalind and Melvin Jacobs Collection of Dada and Surrealist Art (New York: Pace/MacGill Gallery, 2009, np. ^ (#cite_ref-22) Neil Baldwin, Man Ray. American Artist (Da Capo Press, 1988), 319. ^ (#cite_ref-23) See exhibition catalogues listed in Further reading. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Rosalind Jacobs, cited in Estelle Ellis, et al., At Home with Art: How Art Lovers Live with and Care for Their Treasures (New York: Clarkson Potter, 1999), 42. ^ (#cite_ref-25) See Bonnie Clearwater, Sweet Dreams & Nightmares: Dada and Surrealism from the Rosalind & Melvin Jacobs Collection (North Miami: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2000), 7. ^ (#cite_ref-26) Bonnie Clearwater, Sweet Dreams & Nightmares: Dada and Surrealism from the Rosalind & Melvin Jacobs Collection (North Miami: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2000), 8-9. ^ (#cite_ref-27) See Neil Baldwin, Man Ray. American Artist, (Da Capo Press, 1988), 316, 357, 362. ^ (#cite_ref-28) Among other institutions, works from the collection have been lent to: Smithsonian Museum of American Art (Washington D.C.), The Phillips Collection (Washington D.C.), Philadelphia Museum of Art, The Menil Collection (Houston), Jewish Museum (NYC), Museum of Modern Art (NYC), Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art, Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam), Institute of Contemporary Art (London), Centre Georges Pompidou (Paris), Fondazione Prada (Milan), Bunkamura Museum (Tokyo). ^ (#cite_ref-29) Sweet Dreams & Nightmares: Dada and Surrealism from the Rosalind & Melvin Jacobs Collection, North Miami: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2000, and The Long Arm of Coincidence: The Rosalind and Melvin Jacobs Collection of Dada and Surrealist Art, New York: Pace/MacGill Gallery, 2009 [4] (https://www.pacemacgill.com/show_installation.php?item=80&offset=0) ^ (#cite_ref-30) A Tribute to Rosalind Gersten Jacobs, The Phillips Collection, Washington DC, June 23, 2021 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2bZ2W_hQHo) ^ (#cite_ref-31) Taylor Dafoe, "This Iconic Man Ray Print Just Became the Most Expensive Photograph Ever Sold at Auction, Artnet, May 16, 2022 [5] (https://news.artnet.com/market/man-ray-print-tripled-record-photograph-auction-2115673) External links [ edit ] Man Ray, Rosalind Jacobs with Mon Premier Amour, 1958 (https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/rosalind-jacobs-mon-premier-amour-110924) Conversations at MOCA "Collectors to Collectors" Series, South Florida PBS, November 13, 2013 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqfPIm32SwA) A Conversation with Rosalind Jacobs and Antony Penrose on Lee Miller, NSU Art Museum, Fort Lauderdale, October 2015 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_WN9HLks8c&app=desktop) A Tribute to Rosalind Gersten Jacobs, The Phillips Collection, Washington DC, June 23, 2021 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2bZ2W_hQHo) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5f7b7f4dcb‐g6t9q Cached time: 20240710230430 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.291 seconds Real time usage: 0.395 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2244/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16330/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1460/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 38760/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.165/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6025869/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 365.061 1 -total 35.97% 131.314 1 Template:Infobox_person 35.85% 130.871 1 Template:Reflist 27.42% 100.112 5 Template:Cite_web 24.92% 90.965 1 Template:Short_description 16.26% 59.359 2 Template:Pagetype 13.36% 48.759 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.11% 33.242 16 Template:Main_other 8.24% 30.073 1 Template:Birth_date 5.25% 19.154 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:62714509-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710230430 and revision id 1233796959. 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American fashion designer Lillian Cahn Born Lillian Lenovitz ( 1923-12-11 ) December 11, 1923 Sátoraljaújhely (/wiki/S%C3%A1toralja%C3%BAjhely) , Hungary (/wiki/Hungary) Died March 4, 2013 (2013-03-04) (aged 89) Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , New York City Occupation businessperson (/wiki/Businessperson) Known for Co-Founder of Coach New York (/wiki/Coach_New_York) Lillian Cahn (née Lenovitz ; December 11, 1923 – March 4, 2013) was a Hungarian (/wiki/Hungary) -born American (/wiki/United_States) businessperson (/wiki/Businessperson) who co-founded Coach New York (/wiki/Coach_New_York) with her husband, Miles Cahn (/wiki/Miles_Cahn) . Lillian Cahn also created Coach's first line (/wiki/Product_lining) of handbags (/wiki/Handbag) , which remains the label's trademark consumer product. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [2] (#cite_note-npr-2) She had emigrated to the United States (/wiki/United_States) with her family during the Great Depression (/wiki/Great_Depression) . After selling Coach in 1985, the Cahns operated a goat farm and cheese-making business in Pine Plains, New York (/wiki/Pine_Plains,_New_York) . Biography [ edit ] Early life [ edit ] Lillian Cahn was born Lillian Lenovitz on December 11, 1923 in Sátoraljaújhely. She emigrated to the United States (/wiki/United_States) with her family during the Great Depression (/wiki/Great_Depression) . [2] (#cite_note-npr-2) Coach [ edit ] Coach's original line of products focused on men's wallets (/wiki/Wallet) and billfolds (/wiki/Billfold) in 1941. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) It was Lillian who suggested the company branch out into women's handbags (/wiki/Handbag) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) "I scoffed at first," Mr. Cahn told the New York Times. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) "In New York, there were a lot of handbag companies, and at that time stores were all buying knockoffs of bags made in Europe. But my wife prevailed." Cahn also designed the first handbags, based on paper shopping bags (/wiki/Shopping_bag) she had used as a child in Pennsylvania. NPR (/wiki/NPR) (National Public Radio) called her "the force behind today's high-end leather handbags." [2] (#cite_note-npr-2) After Coach [ edit ] After selling Coach in 1985, the Cahns operated a goat farm and cheese-making business in Pine Plains, New York (/wiki/Pine_Plains,_New_York) . [2] (#cite_note-npr-2) Cahn died in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , on March 4, 2013, at the age of 89 and was buried in Pine Plains. [1] (#cite_note-nytimes-1) [2] (#cite_note-npr-2) She was survived by her husband of 66 years, Coach co-founder Miles Cahn (/wiki/Miles_Cahn) , who died in February 2017. [4] (#cite_note-nytimes2-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b c Vitello, Paul (March 7, 2013). "Lillian Cahn, Creator of the Coach Handbag, Dies at 89" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/business/lillian-cahn-creator-of-the-coach-handbag-dies-at-89.html?_r=0) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved July 15, 2023 . ^ a b c d e Cornish, Audie (March 11, 2013). "Remembering Lillian Cahn, Creator Of The Coach Handbag" (https://www.npr.org/2013/03/11/174032177/remembering-lillian-cahn-creator-of-the-coach-handbag) . National Public Radio (/wiki/National_Public_Radio) . Retrieved April 2, 2013 . ^ a b Sidell, Misty White (February 12, 2017). "Coach Cofounder Miles Cahn, 95" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/coach-co-founder-miles-cahn-10789227/) . WWD . Retrieved December 14, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-nytimes2_4-0) Adams, Rachel (February 11, 2017). "Miles Cahn, Co-Founder of Coach Handbags, Dies at 95" (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/11/business/miles-cahn-dead-coach.html?_r=0) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved July 15, 2023 . This article about an American businessperson born in the 1920s is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American businessperson This article is about the person. For the business school, see Sy Syms School of Business (/wiki/Sy_Syms_School_of_Business) . Sy Syms Born Seymour Merinsky ( 1926-05-12 ) May 12, 1926 Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) , New York, US Died November 17, 2009 (2009-11-17) (aged 83) Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , New York, US Alma mater New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) Spouse Ruth Glickman Merns (divorced) Lynn Tamarkin Children 6 and 2 stepchildren Sy Syms (May 12, 1926 – November 17, 2009) was an American businessman (/wiki/Businessperson) , entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneur) and philanthropist (/wiki/Philanthropist) , who founded the SYMS (/wiki/SYMS) off-price clothing (/wiki/Department_store#Off-price_retailer) chain (/wiki/Chain_store) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) in 1959. [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) Biography [ edit ] Syms was born Seymour Merinsky on May 12, 1926, in Brooklyn (/wiki/Brooklyn) , New York. [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) He was the youngest of eight children of Jewish (/wiki/Jewish) parents who had emigrated from Russia (/wiki/Russia) . [2] (#cite_note-duhiggnyt-2) His family decided to change their surname from "Merinsky" to "Merns" when his father and elder brother George opened a store on Vesey Street (/wiki/Vesey_Street) in Lower Manhattan (/wiki/Lower_Manhattan) . Syms went to Midwood High School (/wiki/Midwood_High_School) in Brooklyn. [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) After serving in the United States Army (/wiki/United_States_Army) , he attended New York University (/wiki/New_York_University) on the G.I. Bill (/wiki/G.I._Bill) . [2] (#cite_note-duhiggnyt-2) He initially began a career as a sportscaster (/wiki/Sportscaster) and reporter (/wiki/Reporter) in Maryland (/wiki/Maryland) and West Virginia (/wiki/West_Virginia) . However, in 1950 Syms returned to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) in order to work at the family's store. [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) In 1959, Syms opened a men's clothing store on nearby Cortlandt Street in New York City's Financial District (/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan) . The store, which was initially named Sy Merns, competed directly with his family's original store on Vesey Street. [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) However, he was forced to change the store's name to simply SYMS, after legal action was taken against him. [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) He later had his name legally changed to Sy Syms to match the store. [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) The company slowly expanded during the 1960s and 1970s. By 1983, Syms had taken the company public with an initial public offering (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) and expanded the chain to include eleven retail (/wiki/Retail) locations. [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) At its height, the chain had 48 locations in thirteen states. [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) On November 2, 2011, Syms Corp. and its subsidiary Filene's Basement, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after more than a half a century in the clothing business. Sy Syms remained the company's CEO (/wiki/CEO) until his retirement in 1998, when he was succeeded by his daughter, Marcy Syms. [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) He remained the company's chairman (/wiki/Chairman) until he died of heart failure (/wiki/Heart_failure) at his home in Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) , New York City, on November 17, 2009. [2] (#cite_note-duhiggnyt-2) Personal life [ edit ] His first marriage, to Ruth Glickman Merns, ended in divorce. They had six children: Marcy, Robert, Richard, Laura, Stephen (died in 1998), [3] (#cite_note-3) and Adrienne (died in 1999). [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) [4] (#cite_note-WashPostObit-4) His second wife was Lynn Tamarkin, by whom he had two step-children, [1] (#cite_note-sfg-1) Cary Tamarkin and Leslie Tamarkin. [5] (#cite_note-LegacyObit-5) Funeral services were held at Temple Emanu-El (/wiki/Congregation_Emanu-El_of_New_York) in Manhattan. [5] (#cite_note-LegacyObit-5) [ non sequitur ] Sy Syms Foundation [ edit ] The non-profit Sy Syms Foundation was founded by Syms in 1985 with his personal funds, to support education. It has given away over $30,000,000 and has contributed toward the continued growth of many institutions of higher learning including the Syms School of Business (/wiki/Syms_School_of_Business) at Yeshiva University (/wiki/Yeshiva_University) , and many organizations which provide funding for education. [6] (#cite_note-6) The foundation has been a major supporter Public Broadcasting (/wiki/Public_Broadcasting) and National Public Radio ( NPR (/wiki/NPR) ) through the underwriting of various programming. Marcy Syms was instrumental in developing many of the grant-relationships made possible by her late father's generosity, and is a founding trustee of the foundation, elected to the role of president in 1997. The foundation has its offices in Fort Lee, New Jersey. References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Founder of SYMS discount clothing store dies" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091119144219/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fn%2Fa%2F2009%2F11%2F17%2Ffinancial%2Ff145445S20.DTL) . San Francisco Chronicle (/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle) . 2009-10-17. Archived from the original (http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2009/11/17/financial/f145445S20.DTL&type=business) on November 19, 2009 . Retrieved 2009-11-18 . ^ a b c Duhigg, Charles. "Sy Syms, Founder of Discount Chain, Dies at 83", (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/18/business/18syms.html?ref=obituaries) The New York Times , Wednesday, November 18, 2009. (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/18/business/18syms.html?ref=obituaries) ^ (#cite_ref-3) New York Times: "Paid Notice: Deaths SYMS MERNS, STEPHEN" (https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/31/classified/paid-notice-deaths-syms-merns-stephen.html) August 31, 1998 ^ (#cite_ref-WashPostObit_4-0) Washington Post: "Clothing retailer Sy Syms, 83" By Patricia Sullivan (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/17/AR2009111703907.html) November 18, 2009 ^ a b SY SYMS Obituary (http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?pid=136102561) November 18, 2009 ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Sy Syms Foundation | About Us" (http://sysymsfoundation.org/about/) . Sy Syms Foundation . Retrieved 2017-01-15 . External links [ edit ] https://www.yu.edu/syms/about/mission-history (https://www.yu.edu/syms/about/mission-history) Sy Syms School of Business at Yeshiva University (/wiki/Yeshiva_University) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐5tg8b Cached time: 20240722163621 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.320 seconds Real time usage: 0.430 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2068/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11548/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1749/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14219/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.191/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4770155/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 403.315 1 -total 37.54% 151.406 1 Template:Infobox_person 26.75% 107.901 1 Template:Reflist 21.60% 87.099 1 Template:Cite_news 18.22% 73.498 1 Template:Short_description 12.77% 51.523 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 10.03% 40.456 1 Template:Non_sequitur 9.61% 38.778 2 Template:Pagetype 8.91% 35.948 16 Template:Main_other 8.89% 35.868 1 Template:Fix-span Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:20670732-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722163621 and revision id 1161075220. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sy_Syms&oldid=1161075220 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sy_Syms&oldid=1161075220) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1926 births (/wiki/Category:1926_births) 2009 deaths (/wiki/Category:2009_deaths) American retail chief executives (/wiki/Category:American_retail_chief_executives) Retail company founders (/wiki/Category:Retail_company_founders) Philanthropists from New York (state) (/wiki/Category:Philanthropists_from_New_York_(state)) Businesspeople from Brooklyn (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Brooklyn) American people of Russian-Jewish descent (/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Russian-Jewish_descent) Midwood High School alumni (/wiki/Category:Midwood_High_School_alumni) New York University alumni (/wiki/Category:New_York_University_alumni) 20th-century American philanthropists (/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_philanthropists) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2020 (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_June_2020)
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The Stormy Kromer cap is a woolen (/wiki/Wool) hat manufactured by Stormy Kromer Mercantile. [1] (#cite_note-jacquart-1) The hat is popular in the Midwestern United States (/wiki/Midwestern_United_States) and with hunters and outdoorsmen. [2] (#cite_note-sporting_life-2) [3] (#cite_note-field_stream-3) It is named for George "Stormy" Kromer (1876–1970), a semiprofessional baseball player from Kaukauna, Wisconsin (/wiki/Kaukauna,_Wisconsin) , who later worked as a railroad engineer (/wiki/Railroad_engineer) . Kromer lost many hats to the wind while working on trains, and in 1903, he asked his wife Ida (1877–1960) to make him a warm hat that would stay on more securely. She modified a baseball cap [4] (#cite_note-4) into what became the Stormy Kromer cap by sewing on a pair of ear flaps. [2] (#cite_note-sporting_life-2) A summer version, made from pillow ticking (/wiki/Pillow_ticking) , [5] (#cite_note-5) remains in use among modern American train engineers, and variants with red or blue polka dots (/wiki/Polka_dot) were formerly popular in the early 20th century. [6] (#cite_note-6) Statue of a Stormy Kromer cap located near the factory in Ironwood, Michigan (/wiki/Ironwood,_Michigan) Due to popularity with other employees of the railroad, the Kromers formed the Kromer Cap Company in 1903 to produce the caps. [2] (#cite_note-sporting_life-2) [7] (#cite_note-walthers-7) In 1919, due to ever increasing demand, the Kromers opened a factory in Milwaukee (/wiki/Milwaukee) , Wisconsin. [3] (#cite_note-field_stream-3) George Kromer sold the company in 1965 to Richard Grossman. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEckes20098-8) In 2001, the Kromer Cap Company planned to cease production of Stormy Kromer caps. [2] (#cite_note-sporting_life-2) [9] (#cite_note-plaid-9) The rights to the caps were purchased by Bob Jacquart, owner of Jacquart Fabric Products, and production moved to Ironwood, Michigan (/wiki/Ironwood,_Michigan) . [1] (#cite_note-jacquart-1) Stormy Kromer Mercantile was formed, increasing production to over 50,000 caps annually from the previous 3000 to 6000 caps. [1] (#cite_note-jacquart-1) [2] (#cite_note-sporting_life-2) President Barack Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) was presented with several Stormy Kromer caps when he visited Marquette, Michigan (/wiki/Marquette,_Michigan) , on February 10, 2011, to speak about wireless communication technologies. [10] (#cite_note-dfp-10) This is despite current owner Bob Jaquart donating to Republican Party (/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)) political campaigns. [11] (#cite_note-11) It has become a traditional garb in the Upper Peninsula (/wiki/Upper_Peninsula) . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [ dead link ] [14] (#cite_note-14) A version that is a "tip of the hat" to the hat's Wisconsin roots is available in Green Bay Packers (/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers) green with the team logo and sold through Lambeau Field (/wiki/Lambeau_Field) . [15] (#cite_note-15) [ dead link ] The hats are unusual in that they carry a lifetime warranty (/wiki/Lifetime_warranty) against defects, and a three-year " insurance policy (/wiki/Insurance_policy) " for events such as loss, once the product is registered. [16] (#cite_note-16) Versions for women are available, and they are called the "Ida Kromer" or some variant of "Petal Pusher." [17] (#cite_note-17) See also [ edit ] Bomber hat (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) Trapper hat (/wiki/Trapper_hat) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Stormy Kromer Mercantile" (http://www.jacquarts.com/stormy-kromer) . Jacquart Fabric Products . Retrieved November 1, 2011 . ^ a b c d e Parker, Jameson (September–October 2009). "Sporting Life" (http://www.stormykromer.com/media/PDFs/Sporting_Classics_Sporting_Life_Stormy_Kromer.pdf) (PDF) . Sporting Classics . pp. 28–31 . Retrieved November 1, 2011 . ^ a b Petzal, David E (August 2008). "Kromer Hat" (http://www.stormykromer.com/media/PDFs/Field_n_Stream.pdf) (PDF) . Field & Stream (/wiki/Field_%26_Stream) . 2008 Gear Hall of Fame . Retrieved February 19, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Wisconsin life (http://www.wisconsinlife.org/story/stormy-kromer-iconic-wisconsin-born-cap) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Union Pacific engineer cap (http://www.uprrmuseum.org/curator/engineer-cap.shtml) ^ (#cite_ref-6) Kromer caps (http://www.kromercap.com/history.html) ^ (#cite_ref-walthers_7-0) "Kromer Cap Co Inc" (http://www.walthers.com/exec/manuinfo/407/Kromer_Cap_Co_Inc.html) . Walthers (/wiki/Walthers) . Retrieved November 2, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEckes20098_8-0) Eckes 2009 (#CITEREFEckes2009) , p. 8. ^ (#cite_ref-plaid_9-0) Wastler, Max. "My Fall Look: The Original Stormy Kromer Cap, A Factory Visit" (http://allplaidout.com/2009/10/my-fall-look-the-original-stormy-kromer-cap-a-factory-visit/) . All Plaidout . Retrieved November 2, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-dfp_10-0) Dzwonkowski, Ron (October 21, 2011). "Know any living legends? Stormy Kromer hat maker wants to honor one" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111027013721/http://www.freep.com/article/20111021/FEATURES01/111021005/Ron-Dzwonkowski-Know-any-living-legends-Stormy-Kromer-hat-maker-wants-honor-one) . Detroit Free Press (/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press) . Archived from the original (http://www.freep.com/article/20111021/FEATURES01/111021005/Ron-Dzwonkowski-Know-any-living-legends-Stormy-Kromer-hat-maker-wants-honor-one) on October 27, 2011 . Retrieved November 1, 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "FEC Filing" (https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/?data_type=processed&contributor_name=Jacquart%2C+Bob&two_year_transaction_period=2020&min_date=01%2F01%2F2019&max_date=12%2F31%2F2020) . FEC.gov . Retrieved January 14, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "The 8 Essential Winter Hats of a Yooper" (http://www.yoopersteez.com/post/8-essential-winter-hats-of-a-yooper) . Yooper Steez. February 27, 2008 . Retrieved February 17, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "U.P.'s Stormy Kromer hat sales take off" (http://www.miningjournal.net/page/content.detail/id/583984/U-P--s-Stormy-Kromer-hat-sales-take-off.html?nav=5001) . The Mining Journal (/wiki/The_Mining_Journal) . Marquette, MI. Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . January 30, 2013 . Retrieved February 16, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "A doff of the cap to you Stormy Kromer!" (http://www.simply-american.net/2013/02/05/a-doff-of-the-cap-to-you-stormy-kromer/) . SimplyAmerican.net . February 5, 2013 . Retrieved February 16, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Hajewski, Doris. "Legendary Kromer in Lambeau lineup Cap expands Cheeseheads' (http://www.jsonline.com/business/29306129.html) " (http://www.jsonline.com/business/29306129.html) . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (/wiki/Milwaukee_Journal_Sentinel) . Retrieved February 17, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Frequently Asked Questions" (http://www.stormykromer.com/faq) . Stormy Kromer Mercantile . Retrieved February 8, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Women's Caps" (http://www.stormykromer.com/womens/caps) . Stormy Kromer . Retrieved February 19, 2013 . Further reading [ edit ] Eckes, Timi (February–March 2009). "The Remarkable Journal of the Stormy Kromer" (http://www.jacquarts.com/upload/NWCommerce_Feb09.pdf) (PDF) . Northwoods Commerce Magazine . Northwoods Commerce . Retrieved February 18, 2013 . Kimmel, Eric A.; U'Ren, Andrea (Illustrations) (April 29, 2008). Stormy's Hat: Just Right for a Railroad Man . Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR). ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0374372620 . Retrieved February 16, 2013 . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780374372620 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780374372620) External links [ edit ] Stormy Kromer home page (http://www.stormykromer.com/) Stormy Kromer Hat (http://video.wpt.org/video/1815595547/) Video produced by PBS Wisconsin (/wiki/PBS_Wisconsin) v t e Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) History (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Industry (/wiki/Clothing_industry) Technology (/wiki/Clothing_technology) Terminology (/wiki/Clothing_terminology) Timeline (/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology) Headwear (/wiki/Headgear) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Cap (/wiki/Cap) baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Hat (/wiki/Hat) boater (/wiki/Boater) bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) fedora (/wiki/Fedora) homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) top (/wiki/Top_hat) Helmet (/wiki/Helmet) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Kerchief (/wiki/Kerchief) Mask (/wiki/Mask) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Neckwear (/wiki/Neckwear) Bands (/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)) 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American costume designer (1893–1947) Robert M. Kalloch Born ( 1893-01-13 ) January 13, 1893 New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , U.S. Died October 19, 1947 (1947-10-19) (aged 54) Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) , California, U.S. Years active 1933 to 1948 Known for Costume design (/wiki/Costume_design) L. to R. : Irving Bacon, Cary Grant, Ralph Bellamy & Rosalind Russell in His Girl Friday (/wiki/His_Girl_Friday) - cropped screenshot. Rosalind Russell is wearing a costume designed by costume designer Robert Kalloch . Robert Mero Kalloch III (January 13, 1893 — October 19, 1947), often known by his professional mononym (/wiki/Mononymous_person) Kalloch , was an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_design) and, later, a costume designer (/wiki/Costume_design) for Columbia Pictures (/wiki/Columbia_Pictures) and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) . He worked on 105 films during his career, and was widely considered one of America's top fashion designers in the late 1930s. Early life and education [ edit ] Robert Mero Kalloch III [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015181-1) was born January 13, 1893, [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''International_Motion_Picture_Almanac''1943303-2) in New York City to Dr. Robert Mero Kalloch II and his wife, Emily ( née (/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) Maguire). His father was a dentist (/wiki/Dentistry) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015181–182-3) of Scottish American (/wiki/Scottish_American) descent. [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngelmeierEngelmeierEinzig199723-4) He attended New York City public schools, then spent four years [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''International_Motion_Picture_Almanac''1941322-5) at the Dwight School (/wiki/Dwight_School) on Manhattan (/wiki/Manhattan) 's Upper West Side (/wiki/Upper_West_Side) . During his last three years at Dwight, he also attended and graduated from the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) . [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015181–182-3) [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''International_Motion_Picture_Almanac''1941322-5) He later taught at the School of Fine and Applied Arts in his mid-20s, helping to educate Travis Banton (/wiki/Travis_Banton) and Adrian (/wiki/Adrian_(costume_designer)) (both later Hollywood costume designers), [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann200144,_49-6) [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHernandez2010169-7) [a] (#cite_note-11) and was a member of the jury in the school's 1918 costume design show. [11] (#cite_note-12) Although he won admission to Yale University (/wiki/Yale_University) , he never attended. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015182-13) Early career [ edit ] Upon graduation from the Dwight School, Kalloch joined Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) as an illustrator and designer of women's fashions. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''International_Motion_Picture_Almanac''1943303-2) At the age of 18, Kalloch sought out one of his idols, the prima ballerina (/wiki/Ballet_dancer#Women) Anna Pavlova (/wiki/Anna_Pavlova) . After weeks of haunting the performers' entrance at the theater where she was appearing, he finally convinced her to look at his sketches. She was so impressed that she hired him to design costumes for one of her ballets. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015182-13) He later designed costumes for the opera (/wiki/Opera) singer Mary Garden (/wiki/Mary_Garden) . [13] (#cite_note-spinster-14) In 1919, Kalloch won a position with Lucile Ltd., the fashion house of Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon (/wiki/Lucy,_Lady_Duff-Gordon) . He worked in the London (/wiki/London) and Paris (/wiki/Paris) branches of the company, studying fashion and designing costumes for the Grande Revue of the Casino de Paris (/wiki/Casino_de_Paris) . [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) Dancer Irene Castle (/wiki/Vernon_and_Irene_Castle) was one of Lucile's clients, and Kalloch designed a number of her dance dresses. [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199163-16) Castle swiftly became "the epitome of chic" to the public, [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinamore20131-17) and Kalloch was known as the "man who made the clothes that made Irene Castle famous". [17] (#cite_note-18) Returning to the United States in 1920, Kalloch took a job with Madame Frances & Co., [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) where he co-designed fashions with Travis Banton. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChierichetti1976155-19) According to Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) , Kalloch and Banton's designs resembled one another, but Kalloch's work was more imaginative. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChierichetti1976155-19) By 1921, Kalloch was well known in New York City for designing costumes for the Ziegfeld Follies (/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies) . [19] (#cite_note-20) He also designed costumes for Grace Moore (/wiki/Grace_Moore) 's 1923 Broadway (/wiki/Broadway_theatre) debut in Music Box Revue . [20] (#cite_note-21) In the five years he worked with Madame France & Co., Kalloch visited Europe 28 times to study fashion. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) Throughout the early and mid 1920s, he freelanced for Peggy Hamilton (/wiki/Peggy_Hamilton) , [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinamore2013163-22) a fashion designer who had worked as chief costume designer for Triangle Film Corporation (/wiki/Triangle_Film_Corporation) . [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChierichetti197612-23) It is unclear what Kalloch's work history included between 1926 and 1930, although for at least a year he worked for fashion entrepreneur Hattie Carnegie (/wiki/Hattie_Carnegie) . [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) He came to the attention of Hollywood in the late 1920s when Peggy Hamilton, by then a Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) fashion columnist began promoting his work in her articles. [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinamore2013163-22) Hollywood [ edit ] Early work: 1933 to 1935 [ edit ] Claudette Colbert wearing a Kalloch-designed costume in It Happened One Night In 1933, Columbia Pictures (/wiki/Columbia_Pictures) hired Kalloch to be their chief fashion and women's costume designer. He was the first contract costume designer ever hired by the studio, [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChierichetti1976155-19) and he established the studio's wardrobe department. [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmyth2018183-24) Until his death, he was often credited by the mononym "Kalloch". [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson1993377-25) Columbia Pictures at the time had a reputation as a Poverty Row (/wiki/Poverty_Row) B movie (/wiki/B_movie) studio. Founder and president Harry Cohn (/wiki/Harry_Cohn) was determined to change that, and in addition to hiring popular actresses like Nancy Carroll (/wiki/Nancy_Carroll) , Irene Dunne (/wiki/Irene_Dunne) , Lillian Harvey (/wiki/Lillian_Harvey) , Grace Moore, and Fay Wray (/wiki/Fay_Wray) he hired top-flight technical talent like Kalloch. [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199163-16) Kalloch's employment, in turn, convinced these leading actresses that Columbia Pictures intended to invest in their careers. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) Among his first works was a lace (/wiki/Lace) gown for Mary Brian (/wiki/Mary_Brian) in the 1933 film Fog (/wiki/Fog_(1933_film)) [25] (#cite_note-26) and a gown with enormous draped sleeves for Glenda Farrell (/wiki/Glenda_Farrell) in Lady for a Day (/wiki/Lady_for_a_Day) . [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutner2001121-27) He also designed the costumes for Elissa Landi (/wiki/Elissa_Landi) for Excursion to Paradise (released under the title Sisters Under the Skin (/wiki/Sisters_Under_the_Skin) ) [27] (#cite_note-28) and (with Edward Stevenson (/wiki/Edward_Stevenson_(costume_designer)) ) for Barbara Stanwyck (/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck) in The Bitter Tea of General Yen (/wiki/The_Bitter_Tea_of_General_Yen) . [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199163-16) He went to Paris in June 1934 to see the latest fashion trends, [28] (#cite_note-29) and by September of that year had designed costumes for Claudette Colbert (/wiki/Claudette_Colbert) (for It Happened One Night (/wiki/It_Happened_One_Night) ), [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199163-16) Carole Lombard (/wiki/Carole_Lombard) , Grace Moore, and Genevieve Tobin (/wiki/Genevieve_Tobin) . [29] (#cite_note-30) After his return, he designed notable costumes for Ann Sothern (/wiki/Ann_Sothern) in Eight Bells (/wiki/Eight_Bells_(film)) [30] (#cite_note-31) and a set of clothes for Joan Bennett (/wiki/Joan_Bennett) in She Couldn't Take It (/wiki/She_Couldn%27t_Take_It) which altered the actress' look from conservative to chic. [31] (#cite_note-32) Kalloch was Columbia Pictures' first good costume and fashion designer, [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199163-16) Between 1930 and 1934, Columbia Pictures transforme itself from a Poverty Row studio to one of the eight major film studios during Hollywood's Golden Age (/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States#Classical_Hollywood_cinema_and_the_Golden_Age_of_Hollywood) . With Columbia's releases more than doubling from 21 to 47 a year, [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDick201073-33) Kalloch was overwhelmed with work. In May 1935, Columbia Pictures hired Murray Mayer to lead its ladies' wardrobe department. Kalloch retained his position as the studio's fashion and costume designer. [33] (#cite_note-34) During this early period, Kalloch's work favored classic, graceful lines that treated actresses like sculpted marble. His work emphasized their height and slimness. [34] (#cite_note-35) Kalloch's mother died on June 29, 1935. Her death prompted Kalloch to leave Columbia and return to New York City, where he took a job once again with Madame Frances & Co. When Madame Frances retired in 1936, Kalloch returned to Columbia. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) Maturing work: 1936 to 1939 [ edit ] Irene Dunne in a Kalloch-designed evening dress and hat in The Awful Truth Over the next two years, Kalloch designed on-screen fashions for Ida Lupino (/wiki/Ida_Lupino) in Weather or No [35] (#cite_note-36) (released as Let's Get Married (/wiki/Let%27s_Get_Married_(1937_film)) ), [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199164-37) Irene Dunne in The Awful Truth (/wiki/The_Awful_Truth) , [37] (#cite_note-38) Madeleine Carroll (/wiki/Madeleine_Carroll) in It's All Yours (/wiki/It%27s_All_Yours) , [38] (#cite_note-fashioned-39) and Mary Astor (/wiki/Mary_Astor) in No Time to Marry (/wiki/No_Time_to_Marry) . [39] (#cite_note-40) Among his most innovative works during this time was a set of Persian cut cocktail pajamas (/wiki/Pajamas) for Grace Moore in I'll Take Romance (/wiki/I%27ll_Take_Romance_(film)) . It started a brief fashion trend. [38] (#cite_note-fashioned-39) During this period, Kalloch began to integrate low-cut décolletage (/wiki/D%C3%A9colletage) and short bolero jackets (/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)) into much of his work. [38] (#cite_note-fashioned-39) He also became fascinated by the new colors the fabric, leather, and textile companies were creating and began using them in his designs. [40] (#cite_note-41) Late Columbia years: 1939 to 1941 [ edit ] Rosalind Russell in a Kalloch-designed dress and hat in His Girl Friday From 1939 to 1941, Kalloch designed notable on-screen fashions for Jean Arthur (/wiki/Jean_Arthur) [41] (#cite_note-42) in Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (/wiki/Mr._Smith_Goes_to_Washington) [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinamore2013163-22) and Only Angels Have Wings (/wiki/Only_Angels_Have_Wings) ; [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199164-37) Rosalind Russell (/wiki/Rosalind_Russell) in His Girl Friday (/wiki/His_Girl_Friday) ; [42] (#cite_note-43) Rita Hayworth (/wiki/Rita_Hayworth) [13] (#cite_note-spinster-14) in The Lone Wolf Spy Hunt (/wiki/The_Lone_Wolf_Spy_Hunt) , Who Killed Gail Preston? (/wiki/Who_Killed_Gail_Preston%3F) , Only Angels Have Wings , Music in My Heart (/wiki/Music_in_My_Heart) , [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199164-37) and Angels Over Broadway (/wiki/Angels_Over_Broadway) ; [43] (#cite_note-44) Loretta Young (/wiki/Loretta_Young) in The Doctor Takes a Wife (/wiki/The_Doctor_Takes_a_Wife) ; [13] (#cite_note-spinster-14) Penny Singleton (/wiki/Penny_Singleton) [44] (#cite_note-45) in Blondie (/wiki/Blondie_(1938_film)) , Blondie Takes a Vacation (/wiki/Blondie_Takes_a_Vacation) , Blondie on a Budget (/wiki/Blondie_on_a_Budget) , Blondie Has Servant Trouble (/wiki/Blondie_Has_Servant_Trouble) , and Blondie Plays Cupid (/wiki/Blondie_Plays_Cupid) ; [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199164-37) Katharine Hepburn (/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn) in Holiday (/wiki/Holiday_(1938_film)) ; [45] (#cite_note-hopper1-46) Joan Blondell (/wiki/Joan_Blondell) in There's Always a Woman (/wiki/There%27s_Always_a_Woman) [46] (#cite_note-odds-47) and Good Girls Go to Paris (/wiki/Good_Girls_Go_to_Paris) ; [47] (#cite_note-shortskirts-48) and Barbara O'Neil (/wiki/Barbara_O%27Neil) and Wendy Barrie (/wiki/Wendy_Barrie) in I Am the Law (/wiki/I_Am_the_Law_(1938_film)) . [48] (#cite_note-49) During this period, Kalloch continued to favor long, slim lines [49] (#cite_note-goes-50) and form-fitting silhouettes. [50] (#cite_note-weaverenroute-51) He preferred slim waists [50] (#cite_note-weaverenroute-51) accented with a wide belt, [49] (#cite_note-goes-50) and long skirts with long sleeves and a high collar. [50] (#cite_note-weaverenroute-51) Only in 1939 for Good Girls Go to Paris did he shorten skirts to just below the knee. [47] (#cite_note-shortskirts-48) Among his most outstanding works between 1939 and 1941 was for Katharine Hepburn in 1938's Holiday . Kalloch began experimenting for the first time with odd jackets, using them to create new looks for classic outfits. [51] (#cite_note-52) He also designed a yellow chenille (/wiki/Chenille_fabric) robe for her which was widely acclaimed. [52] (#cite_note-53) The media also paid particular attention to his work for Joan Blondell in 1938's There's Always a Woman , where Kalloch had to design a chic-looking wardrobe out of cheap garments and cloth. [46] (#cite_note-odds-47) Another of his important works in this period was a red wool suit designed for Loretta Young in 1940's He Stayed for Breakfast (/wiki/He_Stayed_for_Breakfast) . [53] (#cite_note-54) Kalloch traveled to Europe to view fashions again in late 1939, returning to the United States in March 1940. [13] (#cite_note-spinster-14) MGM years: 1941 to 1943 [ edit ] Myrna Loy in a Kalloch-designed dress and hat from Shadow of the Thin Man Kalloch left Columbia Pictures in early 1941, [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015187-55) and by May was working for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) (MGM). [55] (#cite_note-56) The reason for his employment seems to be that his designs strongly resembled those of Adrian, MGM's chief fashion designer, [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChierichetti1976155-19) with whom Kalloch had maintained a close friendship since Adrian's student days at the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts. [56] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMann200149-57) Adrian then left the studio on September 5, 1941, to open his own fashion firm. [57] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhodes2011168-58) [58] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutner2001194-59) [b] (#cite_note-64) During his short tenure at MGM, Kalloch designed costumes for Hedy Lamarr (/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr) [63] (#cite_note-erskine1-65) in H. M. Pulham, Esq. (/wiki/H._M._Pulham,_Esq.) , [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199164-37) White Cargo (/wiki/White_Cargo) , [64] (#cite_note-bandanas-66) and Crossroads (/wiki/Crossroads_(1942_film)) ; [65] (#cite_note-67) Myrna Loy (/wiki/Myrna_Loy) in Shadow of the Thin Man (/wiki/Shadow_of_the_Thin_Man) ; [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinamore2013163-22) Judy Garland (/wiki/Judy_Garland) in Babes on Broadway (/wiki/Babes_on_Broadway) ; [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015187-55) Ann Sothern in Ringside Maisie (/wiki/Ringside_Maisie) and Maisie Gets Her Man (/wiki/Maisie_Gets_Her_Man) ; [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015187-55) Eleanor Powell (/wiki/Eleanor_Powell) in I'll Take Manila [66] (#cite_note-manila-68) [67] (#cite_note-69) (released under the title Ship Ahoy (/wiki/Ship_Ahoy_(film)) ); [68] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELamparski1969195-70) Norma Shearer (/wiki/Norma_Shearer) in We Were Dancing (/wiki/We_Were_Dancing) [69] (#cite_note-71) and Love Me Not [70] (#cite_note-72) [71] (#cite_note-umbrella-73) (released under the title Her Cardboard Lover (/wiki/Her_Cardboard_Lover) ); [72] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaves2006169-74) Lana Turner (/wiki/Lana_Turner) in Somewhere I'll Find You (/wiki/Somewhere_I%27ll_Find_You) ; [73] (#cite_note-parsonsfriendly-75) Veronica Lake (/wiki/Veronica_Lake) in This Gun For Hire (/wiki/This_Gun_For_Hire) ; [74] (#cite_note-looktrim-76) Rosalind Russell in Design for Scandal (/wiki/Design_for_Scandal) ; [75] (#cite_note-77) [76] (#cite_note-stylesetter-78) 18 sparkling white gowns for Jeanette MacDonald (/wiki/Jeanette_MacDonald) in her first non-period piece film, Shadow of a Lady [76] (#cite_note-stylesetter-78) [77] (#cite_note-marsterstips-79) [78] (#cite_note-carrollbehind-80) (released under the title Cairo (/wiki/Cairo_(1942_film)) ); [79] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELowerPalmer2001247-81) and Greer Garson (/wiki/Greer_Garson) in Random Harvest (/wiki/Random_Harvest_(film)) [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199163-16) and Mrs. Miniver (/wiki/Mrs._Miniver) ; [80] (#cite_note-hopperirene-82) In an unusual endeavor, Kalloch also designed the drag (/wiki/Drag_(clothing)) costume for Mickey Rooney in 1941's Babes on Broadway . [63] (#cite_note-erskine1-65) Among Kalloch's more important work in this period were the costumes he designed for Eleanor Powell in 1942's Ship Ahoy . Among these were 16 sheer dresses draped over crêpe (/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_(textile)) tinted to look like a nude body. Another was a gown made of black marquisette, [c] (#cite_note-84) and which featured a high, round neckline; long, skintight gloves; and a pleated (/wiki/Pleat) skirt over a slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)) dyed pale cocoa (/wiki/Chocolate) . [66] (#cite_note-manila-68) He also designed a unique sarong (/wiki/Sarong) of spun glass for her to wear in the film. [82] (#cite_note-85) Powell said she collaborated with Kalloch on her costumes in the film to ensure that the gowns both accommodated her dancing [83] (#cite_note-86) and moved and flowed well. [84] (#cite_note-87) For Norma Shearer in Her Cardboard Lover , Kalloch designed costumes which were the first indications of a new flowing, moving style in his work. [85] (#cite_note-88) One of the most innovative gowns he designed for Shearer in this film became known as the "umbrella dress". Made of pink chiffon (/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)) , it was embroidered with pearls, leaves, tendrils, with the yoke (/wiki/Yoke_(clothing)) heavily encrusted with these items. Its " umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella) " shape was due to its circular shape, with a central hole for the neck and no sleeves. [71] (#cite_note-umbrella-73) Kalloch also began to design shorter dresses. Although he actually lengthened Shearer's skirts in Her Cardboard Lover by several inches, [73] (#cite_note-parsonsfriendly-75) he cut 5 inches (130 mm) off Jeanette MacDonald's skirts in Cairo . [78] (#cite_note-carrollbehind-80) The entry of the United States into World War II on December 7, 1941, led to heavy restrictions on the amount and kinds of fabric and other materials available to motion picture studios for use in costume design. [86] (#cite_note-istold-89) Studios were also under pressure from the federal government to make films which exhibited confidence, energy, improvisation, movement, and spontaneity (all emotions which the government wanted the public to feel about the war effort). Kalloch began altering his design look and feel in early 1942 to reflect these needs. [74] (#cite_note-looktrim-76) He largely abandoned elaborate, studied designs [74] (#cite_note-looktrim-76) in favor of the chemise dress. [86] (#cite_note-istold-89) [d] (#cite_note-91) [e] (#cite_note-92) Belts, pleats, and unique fastenings were no longer used. Skirts were fuller, [74] (#cite_note-looktrim-76) [f] (#cite_note-94) but generally above the knees. [86] (#cite_note-istold-89) Shoulders were broader and clothes could ripple, but swirling movement was no longer possible due to restrictions on the amount of fabric used. Crocheted (/wiki/Crochet) hats and knitted scarves were now common (which indicated to the audience that these items were home-made rather than store-bought), and cords were used for draping but not as belts. [74] (#cite_note-looktrim-76) Kalloch often was forced to improvise due to restrictions on materials. Because silk prints (/wiki/Textile_printing) were not available, Kalloch produced appliqués (/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9) in large batches and had them applied to plain silk. [89] (#cite_note-95) These proved so popular that Greer Garson, Hedy Lamarr, and Jeanette MacDonald all bought appliqué garments for their private wardrobes. [90] (#cite_note-96) He created what he called "body bandanas" for Lamarr's wardrobe in White Cargo —three sarongs which could be redraped or reversed in order to provide variety. [64] (#cite_note-bandanas-66) A renewed focus on line helped reduced the need for trim (/wiki/Trim_(sewing)) , and he discovered that piping (/wiki/Piping_(sewing)) could substitute for a belt. Using these and other innovations, he saved 20 yards (18 m) of fabric, 50 yards (46 m) trim, several pounds of sequins, beads and spangles, and multiple yards of thread on Jeanette MacDonald's wardrobe in Cairo . [88] (#cite_note-dollsup-93) After MGM [ edit ] Kalloch had been named Adrian's successor at MGM, [74] (#cite_note-looktrim-76) [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015187-55) but by late 1941 it was clear his design work and productivity were not acceptable to the studio. [91] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015205-97) The reasons are unclear, but MGM head Louis B. Mayer (/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer) may have been unhappy with his designs since Kalloch had no experience with period costumes. Columbia Pictures' Harry Cohn disliked this genre of film, and Kalloch had done no work in the genre prior to joining MGM. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) Kalloch may also have been suffering from personal problems, as his life-partner Joseph Demarais began to rapidly decline due to severe alcoholism (/wiki/Alcoholism) . [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015187-55) In June 1942, at the suggestion of Mayer's wife, Margaret, [91] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015205-97) MGM hired Irene (/wiki/Irene_(costume_designer)) (Irene Lentz) as the studio's chief costume designer. Kalloch was retained as MGM's fashion designer. [80] (#cite_note-hopperirene-82) Kalloch's authority was further eroded when the studio hired Howard Shoup (/wiki/Howard_Shoup) as a fashion designer in late July. [92] (#cite_note-98) Kalloch left MGM in 1943, although he continued to do freelance work for the studios until his death. His last major films were the 1946 film Suspense (/wiki/Suspense_(1946_film)) and the 1948 picture Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House (/wiki/Mr._Blandings_Builds_His_Dream_House) (in which he dressed Myrna Loy again). [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeese199163-16) He created wardrobes and women's fashions for 105 motion pictures. [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinamore2013163-22) Kalloch was never nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) , as the category was only introduced in 1948. [93] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcLean201780-99) Other fashion work [ edit ] Peggy Hamilton often featured his work in her Los Angeles fashion shows in the 1930s, [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinamore2013163-22) and Kalloch exhibited his film and private fashions at various shows. [94] (#cite_note-100) Film magazines regularly featured his work. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) Kalloch's fame as a costume and fashion designer was so great by 1937 that the press began to interview him with some frequency about fashion trends. [95] (#cite_note-101) He criticized "fussy" fashion, [96] (#cite_note-102) favored the swing skirt (/wiki/Swing_skirt) , supported the use of sheer fabrics for summer wear, [97] (#cite_note-103) offered advice to brides on a budget, [98] (#cite_note-104) and advocated slim lines and the use of suede. [99] (#cite_note-105) Beginning in 1938 and lasting two years, Kalloch wrote occasional fashion columns for the Los Angeles Times . [100] (#cite_note-106) By 1940, Kalloch was considered one of the nation's top fashion designers [101] (#cite_note-107) and he was a member of the Los Angeles Fashion Group, a nonprofit organization of (largely female) fashion designers. [102] (#cite_note-108) Throughout his Hollywood career, Kalloch continued to design fashions for the private use of a number of famous women, including Fay Wray, [103] (#cite_note-109) Grace Moore, [104] (#cite_note-110) Mona von Bismarck (/wiki/Mona_von_Bismarck) (wife of industrialist Harrison Williams (/wiki/Harrison_Williams_(entrepreneur)) ), [105] (#cite_note-111) Joan Perry (/wiki/Joan_Perry) , [106] (#cite_note-112) Doris Nolan (/wiki/Doris_Nolan) , [107] (#cite_note-113) Gloria Stuart (/wiki/Gloria_Stuart) , [108] (#cite_note-114) Ida Lupino, [109] (#cite_note-115) Loretta Young, [110] (#cite_note-116) and Rosalind Russell. [111] (#cite_note-117) He even designed a "strip tease dress" for Eleanor Powell for her 1942 USO (/wiki/United_Service_Organizations) tour. Her black evening dress was composed of several pieces, each of which was removed during the routine to reveal only a brief dance costume at the end. [112] (#cite_note-118) He also designed a 1937 line of hats for mass production, [113] (#cite_note-119) costumes for Nancy Carroll when she appeared in the play Jealousy in 1935, [114] (#cite_note-120) and (with Walter J. Israel) costumes for the San Francisco Light Opera Company's 1946 production of Jerome Kern (/wiki/Jerome_Kern) 's Roberta (/wiki/Roberta_(musical)) . [115] (#cite_note-121) Personal life [ edit ] Kalloch had an unusually close relationship with his mother. She lived with her son in his New York City apartment after Kalloch's father died in 1915, and accompanied him to Europe in 1919 and 1920. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015182-13) He and his mother moved into an apartment at 1335 N. Laurel Avenue in Los Angeles in either late 1931 or January 1932. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) Kalloch and his mother collected antiques all over the world, and filled the apartment with them. [45] (#cite_note-hopper1-46) Kalloch had found a black stray cat in Central Park (/wiki/Central_Park) in New York [116] (#cite_note-fiddler-122) and named it Mimosa. [45] (#cite_note-hopper1-46) In Los Angeles, Kalloch devoted an entire room of his apartment to the cat, covering the walls with chicken wire (/wiki/Chicken_wire) and growing ivy (/wiki/Hedera) over it. Cushions were strewn on the floor for the cat's comfort. [116] (#cite_note-fiddler-122) Kalloch was homosexual, [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHernandez2010169-7) and since at least 1931 was partnered with Joseph Demarais. [117] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183,_187-123) Demarais' parents were French Canadian (/wiki/French_Canadian) immigrants to the United States, and he grew up very poor in Tiverton, Rhode Island (/wiki/Tiverton,_Rhode_Island) , the youngest of five children. In his teens, he worked in the local textile factory before relocating to New York City to become an artist. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015182-13) By the late 1920s, Demarais was sharing an apartment with other struggling artists. It is unclear when Kalloch and Demarais met, although there is evidence to suggest that they both worked for Madame Frances & Co. Demarais relocated to Los Angeles in February 1932 to be with Kalloch. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) In 1939, Kalloch and Demarais jointly purchased a home at 4329 Agnes Avenue in the Studio City (/wiki/Studio_City,_Los_Angeles) neighborhood of Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) for $10,000 ($200,000 in 2023 dollars). [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015187-55) The two decorated the house with antiques and paintings. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015181-1) After his move to MGM, Kalloch put Demarais on the studio's payroll as his own secretary at a salary of $950 ($19,679 in 2023 dollars) a year. [118] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015181,_187-124) Demarais, an alcoholic, entered a residential sanatorium for alcoholics for the first time in 1941. His stay was brief, but he returned to the facility numerous times over the next five years. During this period, Kalloch's professional output declined dramatically. [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015187-55) Kalloch wore round wire-frame glasses and was never without his silver cigarette case. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) He was a good cook, often experimenting in the kitchen. [119] (#cite_note-125) He reportedly suffered from a number of phobias (/wiki/Phobia) and neuroses (/wiki/Neurosis) , [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183-15) the most famous of which was his fear of automobiles. He refused to own a car of his own, and when forced to ride in a car would cower on the floor of the back seat. [120] (#cite_note-126) Death [ edit ] Kalloch had arteriosclerosis (/wiki/Arteriosclerosis) , and died of cardiac arrest (/wiki/Cardiac_arrest) at about 6:00 AM at his home on October 19, 1947. His lover, Joseph Demarais, died of alcoholic fatty liver disease (/wiki/Alcoholic_liver_disease) at 3:15 PM the same day. With Demarais' death coming so soon after Kalloch's, a suspicion of foul play arose. Autopsies on both men confirmed a natural cause of death in both instances. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015181-1) He was interred at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery (/wiki/Grand_View_Memorial_Park_Cemetery) in Glendale, California (/wiki/Glendale,_California) . [121] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllenberger2001104-127) Travis Banton paid for half of Kalloch's burial and funeral expenses. [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015187-55) Kalloch's will (/wiki/Will_(law)) designated Demarais as his heir. Demarais' will, in turn, designated Kalloch as his heir. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015181-1) Demarais inherited Kalloch's $5,000 ($100,000 in 2023 dollars) estate. But because Demarais' will was inoperative, his estate (valued at $20,000 [$300,000 in 2023 dollars]) and Kalloch's went to Demarai's two brothers. [122] (#cite_note-pair-128) Kalloch's uncle and aunt sued to overturn Kalloch's will. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015181-1) [122] (#cite_note-pair-128) The court battle, which was ultimately resolved in favor of the Demarais heirs, lasted four years. [1] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015181-1) Kalloch's relations settled the lawsuit for $750 ($8,605 in 2023 dollars), while Demarais' siblings received the remaining $10,000 ($100,000 in 2023 dollars). [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015187-55) References [ edit ] Notes ^ (#cite_ref-11) Kalloch met Adrian during the 1920-1921 school year. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutner200112-8) Deciding to leave Parsons' New York City school for its Paris branch, Adrian had nothing to do for the summer. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutner200112-8) Kalloch recommended Adrian for his first professional job, designing costumes for the Gloucester Playhouse in Gloucester, Massachusetts (/wiki/Gloucester,_Massachusetts) . [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015134-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) ^ (#cite_ref-64) Although sources such as Jorgensen and Scoggins say that Kalloch was hired to replace Adrian, [54] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015187-55) Howard Gutner (Adrian's biographer) says that Adrian's departure from the studio came as a shock to Louis B. Mayer. [58] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutner2001194-59) Gutner and costume design historian David Chierichetti note that Adrian had contemplated leaving MGM for a year or two, upset with budgetary retrenchments caused by the Great Depression and changes in public tastes due to the prospect of the war in Europe involving the United States. [59] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutner2001100–101,_194-60) [60] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChierichetti197632-61) Adrian had a serious disagreement with director George Cukor (/wiki/George_Cukor) , producer Bernard Hyman, and MGM head Louis B. Mayer over the style of costumes Greta Garbo (/wiki/Greta_Garbo) should wear in the upcoming Two-Faced Woman (/wiki/Two-Faced_Woman) , which began preproduction about April 1941. [61] (#cite_note-62) Adrian apparently resolved to leave the studio after this disagreement. [58] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutner2001194-59) [60] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChierichetti197632-61) He notified MGM of his decision on July 16, 1941. His last day was to have been August 15, but he offered to stay on to wrap up various projects. Mayer kept him on the payroll until September 5. [58] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutner2001194-59) Adrian was not terminated by MGM, nor did he resign; his three-year contract merely expired. [60] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChierichetti197632-61) [62] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScarfoneStillman200466-63) ^ (#cite_ref-84) Marquisette is a lightweight, open mesh fabric in a leno weave (/wiki/Leno_weave) . It sometimes shows small geometric patterns and extra texture (/wiki/Dobby_(cloth)) . [81] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETortoraJohnson2014374-83) ^ (#cite_ref-91) The chemise dress was widely adopted in the United States during World War I due to wartime restrictions on fabric. Similar to the chemise (/wiki/Chemise) worn prior to the early 1800s, it was a straight cut (not fitted), sleeveless dress which was pulled over the head. It was almost always worn with a half-slip (/wiki/Slip_(clothing)#Types_of_slips) . It could be accessorized with a bodice (/wiki/Bodice) to lift and shape the breasts, and a tunic (/wiki/Tunic) to cover or accentuate the shoulders. [87] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummingCunningtonCunnington201746-90) ^ (#cite_ref-92) Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) advocated a return to conservative lines and draping, but Kalloch felt this did not go far enough to achieve the needed economies. [86] (#cite_note-istold-89) ^ (#cite_ref-94) When a longer skirt was needed, it was narrower and not as full. [88] (#cite_note-dollsup-93) Citations ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Jorgensen & Scoggins 2015 (#CITEREFJorgensenScoggins2015) , p. 181. ^ Jump up to: a b International Motion Picture Almanac 1943 (#CITEREFInternational_Motion_Picture_Almanac1943) , p. 303. ^ Jump up to: a b Jorgensen & Scoggins 2015 (#CITEREFJorgensenScoggins2015) , pp. 181–182. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngelmeierEngelmeierEinzig199723_4-0) Engelmeier, Engelmeier & Einzig 1997 (#CITEREFEngelmeierEngelmeierEinzig1997) , p. 23. ^ Jump up to: a b International Motion Picture Almanac 1941 (#CITEREFInternational_Motion_Picture_Almanac1941) , p. 322. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann200144,_49_6-0) Mann 2001 (#CITEREFMann2001) , pp. 44, 49. ^ Jump up to: a b Hernandez 2010 (#CITEREFHernandez2010) , p. 169. ^ Jump up to: a b Gutner 2001 (#CITEREFGutner2001) , p. 12. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015134_9-0) Jorgensen & Scoggins 2015 (#CITEREFJorgensenScoggins2015) , p. 134. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Adrian, The Hatmaker's Son Who Dressed America" (http://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/adrian-hatmakers-son-dressed-america/) . New England Historical Society . December 2016 . Retrieved March 11, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Practical Designs Shown". New York Sun . May 15, 1918. p. 9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jorgensen & Scoggins 2015 (#CITEREFJorgensenScoggins2015) , p. 182. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Look, Spinsters! Expert Gives Formula for Getting Man". The Los Angeles Times . March 24, 1940. p. B14. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Jorgensen & Scoggins 2015 (#CITEREFJorgensenScoggins2015) , p. 183. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Leese 1991 (#CITEREFLeese1991) , p. 63. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinamore20131_17-0) Finamore 2013 (#CITEREFFinamore2013) , p. 1. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Hollywood Designer Predicts Return to Color and Romance in New Spring Fashions". The Los Angeles Times . February 19, 1934. p. A8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Chierichetti 1976 (#CITEREFChierichetti1976) , p. 155. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Minute Visits in the Wings". The New York Times . March 27, 1921. p. G1. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Tildesley, Alice L. (September 2, 1934). "What Colors Do For Women". Oakland Tribune . p. Magazine and Fiction Section 3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Finamore 2013 (#CITEREFFinamore2013) , p. 163. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChierichetti197612_23-0) Chierichetti 1976 (#CITEREFChierichetti1976) , p. 12. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmyth2018183_24-0) Smyth 2018 (#CITEREFSmyth2018) , p. 183. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanson1993377_25-0) Hanson 1993 (#CITEREFHanson1993) , p. 377. ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Gown of Exquisite Lace". Chicago Tribune . December 30, 1933. p. 9. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutner2001121_27-0) Gutner 2001 (#CITEREFGutner2001) , p. 121. ^ (#cite_ref-28) Shaffer, George (December 29, 1933). " 'Pigs' on Bing's List of 10 Best Song Hits of '33". New York Daily News . p. 36. ^ (#cite_ref-29) Read, Kendall (May 18, 1934). "Around and About in Hollywood". The Los Angeles Times . p. 14. ^ (#cite_ref-30) Shaffer, Rosalind (September 9, 1934). "Lombard Called Best-Dressed Screen Star". Chicago Tribune . p. G6. ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Let's A-Shopping Go!". Indianapolis Star . April 5, 1935. p. 6. ^ (#cite_ref-32) Day, Sara (October 13, 1935). "The Fashion Parade". Oakland Tribune . p. 72. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDick201073_33-0) Dick 2010 (#CITEREFDick2010) , p. 73. ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Columbia Signs New Chief of Wardrobe". Minneapolis Star-Tribune . May 5, 1935. p. 15. ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Did You Know That—". Dayton Herald . August 31, 1935. p. 5. ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Style Forecast Points to Large Hats, Slim Lines". Miami News . February 14, 1937. p. 9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Leese 1991 (#CITEREFLeese1991) , p. 64. ^ (#cite_ref-38) Graham, Sheilah (July 26, 1937). "Dressy Afternoon Costume Designed". Indianapolis Star . p. 4. ^ Jump up to: a b c Day, Sara (August 15, 1937). "Fashioned for Luxury". Detroit Free Press . p. Screen & Radio Weekly (/wiki/Screen_%26_Radio_Weekly) , 13. ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Contrasting Spring Silhouettes Promised". The Scrantonian . January 16, 1938. p. 21. ^ (#cite_ref-41) Wilcox, Grace (October 8, 1939). "For Women Only". Detroit Free Press . p. Screen & Radio Weekly (/wiki/Screen_%26_Radio_Weekly) , 10. ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Men Attend Cook School". The Los Angeles Times . November 17, 1939. pp. C1–C2. ^ (#cite_ref-43) Weaver, Sylva (February 4, 1940). "Seeing Styles". The Los Angeles Times . p. D10. ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Powerful Drama for Empress Midweek". Decatur Herald . March 23, 1941. p. 23. ^ (#cite_ref-45) "Color for Footgear Goes to Fashion's Head". Des Moines Register . June 7, 1940. p. A2. ^ Jump up to: a b c Hopper, Hedda (March 14, 1938). "Hedda Hopper's Hollywood". The Los Angeles Times . p. B11. ^ Jump up to: a b "Odds and Ends". Cincinnati Enquirer . April 13, 1938. p. 9. ^ Jump up to: a b "Joan to Adopt Short Skirts". Detroit Free Press . March 26, 1939. p. C18. ^ (#cite_ref-49) "New Styles Mean New Habit for Milady Now". Des Moines Register . October 6, 1938. p. 10. ^ Jump up to: a b "Everything Goes". Detroit Free Press . June 26, 1938. p. Screen & Radio Weekly (/wiki/Screen_%26_Radio_Weekly) , 10. ^ Jump up to: a b c Weaver, Sylva (July 2, 1939). "Stylist En Route East to Study Adanced Modes". The Los Angeles Times . p. D4. ^ (#cite_ref-52) "Different Coats Vary Ensembles Easily, Quickly". Miami News . April 4, 1938. p. B5. ^ (#cite_ref-53) "Katharine Hepburn's Chenille Robe Combines Comfort and Style". Atlanta Constitution . June 20, 1938. p. 10. ^ (#cite_ref-54) "Fashion Show Ends Tonight". The Los Angeles Times . November 15, 1940. p. B2 ; Weaver, Sylva (November 18, 1940). "Highlights of Style Show Placed on Review". The Los Angeles Times . p. 24. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Jorgensen & Scoggins 2015 (#CITEREFJorgensenScoggins2015) , p. 187. ^ (#cite_ref-56) "Movie Designers High in Praise of New Cottons". Murfreesboro Daily News-Journal . May 21, 1941. p. 4. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMann200149_57-0) Mann 2001 (#CITEREFMann2001) , p. 49. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhodes2011168_58-0) Rhodes 2011 (#CITEREFRhodes2011) , p. 168. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Gutner 2001 (#CITEREFGutner2001) , p. 194. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutner2001100–101,_194_60-0) Gutner 2001 (#CITEREFGutner2001) , pp. 100–101, 194. ^ Jump up to: a b c Chierichetti 1976 (#CITEREFChierichetti1976) , p. 32. ^ (#cite_ref-62) Churchill, Douglas W. (April 24, 1941). "Garbo and Melvyn Douglas to Act in a Modern American Comedy for Metro". The New York Times . p. 25. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScarfoneStillman200466_63-0) Scarfone & Stillman 2004 (#CITEREFScarfoneStillman2004) , p. 66. ^ Jump up to: a b Johnson, Erskine (August 24, 1941). "Erskine Johnson's Hollywood". Albuquerque Journal . p. 18. ^ Jump up to: a b Carroll, Harrison (May 11, 1942). "Behind the Scenes in Hollywood". The Massillon Evening Independent . p. 4. ^ (#cite_ref-67) "Hedy Lamarr, Powell Co-Star in Mystery Thriller". Canton Enterprise . September 17, 1942. p. 3. ^ Jump up to: a b " 'I'll Take Manila' Sets Next Year's Styles for Milady". Minneapolis Star . November 28, 1941. p. 30. ^ (#cite_ref-69) "Picture Shows 1942 Beach Styles". Lansing State Journal . January 29, 1942. p. 13. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELamparski1969195_70-0) Lamparski 1969 (#CITEREFLamparski1969) , p. 195. ^ (#cite_ref-71) Marsters, Ann (December 28, 1941). "Hollywood Notebook". The Scrantonian . p. Sunday Home Magazine 7. ^ (#cite_ref-72) Hopper, Hedda (January 8, 1942). "Hedda Hopper's Hollywood". The Shreveport Times . p. 8. ^ Jump up to: a b "Umbrella Gown". St. Louis Post-Dispatch . March 11, 1942. p. 7. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaves2006169_74-0) Taves 2006 (#CITEREFTaves2006) , p. 169. ^ Jump up to: a b Parsons, Louella O. (January 21, 1942). "Edward Small Buys 'Friendly Enemies' ". Philadelphia Inquirer . p. 19. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Peak, Mayme Ober (February 5, 1942). "The Boston Globe". Salt Lake Tribune . p. 19. ^ (#cite_ref-77) "Rosalind Has Amusing Role of Lady Judge". Jackson Sun . April 12, 1942. p. B11 ; "Even Austere Lady Judge Found Susceptible to Love". Salem Statesman Journal . May 17, 1942. p. 9. ^ Jump up to: a b "Jeanette MacDonald's Gowns Style Setters". Harrisburg Telegraph . April 15, 1942. p. 8. ^ (#cite_ref-marsterstips_79-0) Marsters, Ann (May 10, 1942). "Hollywood Notebook". El Paso Times . p. Sunday Home Magazine 11. ^ Jump up to: a b Carroll, Harrison (April 21, 1942). "Behind the Scenes in Hollywood". Wilkes-Barre Record . p. 17 ; McKay, McKay (April 26, 1942). "Fashion Scene". Albuquerque Journal . p. 14. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELowerPalmer2001247_81-0) Lower & Palmer 2001 (#CITEREFLowerPalmer2001) , p. 247. ^ Jump up to: a b Hopper, Hedda (June 10, 1942). "Looking at Hollywood". Chicago Tribune . p. 26. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETortoraJohnson2014374_83-0) Tortora & Johnson 2014 (#CITEREFTortoraJohnson2014) , p. 374. ^ (#cite_ref-85) "Sarong Tinkles to Dancing Feet". Salt Lake Tribune . February 22, 1942. p. Sunday Magazine 2. ^ (#cite_ref-86) "Eleanor Powell Runs Large Part of Film". Lansing State Journal . May 16, 1942. p. 3. ^ (#cite_ref-87) "Eleanor Reads News, Sets It to Taps". Atlanta Constitution . July 12, 1942. p. D8. ^ (#cite_ref-88) "Norma Shearer Sets New Gown Styles". Pittsburgh PRess . January 30, 1942. p. 26. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Hollywood Is Told It Can Show More But No Less of Milady's Knees". Pensacola News Journal . April 10, 1942. p. 4. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummingCunningtonCunnington201746_90-0) Cumming, Cunnington & Cunnington 2017 (#CITEREFCummingCunningtonCunnington2017) , p. 46. ^ Jump up to: a b "U.S. Dolls Up La MacDonald". Brooklyn Daily Eagle . November 15, 1942. p. 35. ^ (#cite_ref-95) Parsons, Louella (January 18, 1942). "Movie-Go-Round". San Francisco Examiner . p. Pictorial Review 6. ^ (#cite_ref-96) "Screen Stylist Gives Wartime Dress Hint". St. Louis Post-Dispatch . March 19, 1942. p. 34. ^ Jump up to: a b Jorgensen & Scoggins 2015 (#CITEREFJorgensenScoggins2015) , p. 205. ^ (#cite_ref-98) "Government Restrictions Prove No Serious Hurdle to Designers". Arizona Republic . August 2, 1942. p. 22. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcLean201780_99-0) McLean 2017 (#CITEREFMcLean2017) , p. 80. ^ (#cite_ref-100) Shaffer, George (December 21, 1934). "Film Notables to Make Style Event of Races". Chicago Tribune . p. B2. ^ (#cite_ref-101) Tildesley, Alice L. (March 21, 1937). " 'Tis and 'Tain't on Spring Styles". The Lincoln Star . p. E4. ^ (#cite_ref-102) "Designer Bans Fussy Appearance". The Los Angeles Times . February 17, 1937. p. C8. ^ (#cite_ref-103) Day, Sara (February 28, 1937). "Swing in Springtime". Rochester Democrat and Chronicle . p. Screen & Radio Weekly (/wiki/Screen_%26_Radio_Weekly) , 13. ^ (#cite_ref-104) Day, Sara (May 9, 1937). "Bride on a Budget". Detroit Free Press . p. Screen & Radio Weekly (/wiki/Screen_%26_Radio_Weekly) , 11. ^ (#cite_ref-105) "Directoire Designs Win Approval". The Los Angeles Times . September 7, 1937. p. C11. ^ (#cite_ref-106) Kalloch, Robert (September 14, 1938). "Fur to Be Accented in New Autumn Bonnets". The Los Angeles Times . p. C9 ; Kalloch, Robert (September 13, 1939). "Advice Given for Smart and Adequate Wardrobe". The Los Angeles Times . p. D6 ; Kalloch, Robert (February 21, 1940). "Simple Day Clothes Bid for Popularity". The Los Angeles Times . p. D17 ; Kalloch, Robert (September 18, 1940). "Mad Hats Run Course as Husbands Rejoice". The Los Angeles Times . p. D10. ^ (#cite_ref-107) "Hollywood Now Calls Nation's Style Shots". The Los Angeles Times . July 7, 1941. p. D7. ^ (#cite_ref-108) "Conflict Pictured as Spur in Field of Style Creation". The Los Angeles Times . January 26, 1940. p. A10 ; "Fashion Artists to Show Work Here". The Los Angeles Times . February 3, 1941. p. A3. ^ (#cite_ref-109) Farrell, Glenda (March 2, 1934). "Fashion Preview". San Francisco Examiner . p. 12 ; day, Sara (December 9, 1934). "Fashions". Detroit Free Press . p. Screen & Radio Weekly (/wiki/Screen_%26_Radio_Weekly) , 11. ^ (#cite_ref-110) "Fashion Preview". San Francisco Examiner . June 13, 1934. p. 8 ; "Hollywood in Person". Tampa Times . August 18, 1937. p. 4. ^ (#cite_ref-111) day, Sara (January 17, 1937). "Filmland's Best Dressed Women". South Bend Tribune . p. Screen & Radio Weekly (/wiki/Screen_%26_Radio_Weekly) , 4–5. ^ (#cite_ref-112) "Desert Styles for Daytime, Evening, New Hats Forecast". Miami News . March 6, 1938. p. D8. ^ (#cite_ref-113) "Novelty Print". Miami News . May 28, 1938. p. 3. ^ (#cite_ref-114) Weaver, Sylvia (August 7, 1938). "Previewing Fall Styles for Evening". The Los Angeles Times . p. Rotogravure Section 4. ^ (#cite_ref-115) "Printed Field Flowers On". Des Moines Register . March 2, 1939. p. 12. ^ (#cite_ref-116) "Shown at the Newport Red Cross Benefit". Baltimore Sun . August 28, 1940. p. 10. ^ (#cite_ref-117) "Amusements". Rushville Republican . January 27, 1942. p. 2. ^ (#cite_ref-118) Carroll, Harrison (May 4, 1942). "Behind the Scenes in Hollywood". Wilkes-Barre Record . p. 14. ^ (#cite_ref-119) day, Sara (May 30, 1937). "Not For Men". Atlanta Constitution . p. Screen & Radio Weekly (/wiki/Screen_%26_Radio_Weekly) , 11. ^ (#cite_ref-120) "Nancy Carroll Stars at Rex". Arizona Republic . June 16, 1935. p. 45. ^ (#cite_ref-121) " 'Roberta' Tomorrow". Oakland Tribune . May 5, 1946. p. 25 ; Soanes, Wood (May 7, 1946). "Light Opera Season in S.F. Opens". Oakland Tribune . p. 6. ^ Jump up to: a b Fiddler, Jimmy (September 24, 1937). "Jimmy Fiddler in Hollywood". Sioux City Journal . p. 12. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015183,_187_123-0) Jorgensen & Scoggins 2015 (#CITEREFJorgensenScoggins2015) , pp. 183, 187. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJorgensenScoggins2015181,_187_124-0) Jorgensen & Scoggins 2015 (#CITEREFJorgensenScoggins2015) , pp. 181, 187. ^ (#cite_ref-125) Wilcox, Grace (June 25, 1939). "For Women Only". Detroit Free Press . p. Screen & Radio Weekly (/wiki/Screen_%26_Radio_Weekly) , 10. ^ (#cite_ref-126) Shaffer, Rosalind (August 18, 1935). "Cast of 'In Person' Escapes Heat 'On Location' ". Chicago Tribune . p. G4. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllenberger2001104_127-0) Ellenberger 2001 (#CITEREFEllenberger2001) , p. 104. ^ Jump up to: a b "Pair's Deaths Same Day Set Off Estate Battle". The Los Angeles Times . May 21, 1948. p. B1. Bibliography [ edit ] Chierichetti, David (1976). Hollywood Costume Design . New York: Harmony Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780517526378 . Cumming, Valerie; Cunnington, C.W.; Cunnington, P.E. (2017). Dictionary of Fashion History . New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781472577702 . Dick, Bernard F. (2010). Columbia Pictures: Portrait of a Studio . Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780813130194 . Ellenberger, Allan R. (2001). Celebrities in Los Angeles Cemeteries: A Directory . Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780786409839 . Engelmeier, Regine; Engelmeier, Peter W.; Einzig, Barbara (1997). Fashion in Film . New York: Prestel. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9783791318080 . Finamore, Michelle Tolini (2013). Hollywood Before Glamour: Fashion in American Silent Film . Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780230389489 . Gutner, Howard (2001). Gowns by Adrian: The MGM Years, 1928-1941 . New York: Harry N. Abrams Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780810908987 . Hanson, Patricia King, ed. (1993). The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States. Feature Films: 1931-1940 . Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780520079083 . Hernandez, David (2010). Broken Face In The Mirror (Crooks and Fallen Stars That Look Very Much Like Us) . Pittsburgh: Red Lead Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781434964847 . International Motion Picture Almanac . New York: Quigley Publishing Co. 1941. International Motion Picture Almanac . New York: Quigley Publishing Co. 1943. Jorgensen, Jay; Scoggins, Donald L. (2015). Creating the Illusion: A Fashionable History of Hollywood Costume Designers . Philadelphia: Running Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780762456611 . Lamparski, Richard (1969). Whatever Became Of...? Second Series . New York: Crown Publishers. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 317822685 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317822685) . Leese, Elizabeth (1991). Costume Design in the Movies: An Illustrated Guide to the Work of 157 Great Designers . New York: Doveer Publications. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780486265483 . Lower, Cheryl Bray; Palmer, R. Barton, eds. (2001). Joseph L. Mankiewicz: Critical Essays With an Annotated Bibliography and a Filmography . Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780786409877 . Mann, William J. (2001). Behind the Screen: How Gays and Lesbians Shaped Hollywood, 1910-1969 . New York: Viking Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780670030170 . McLean, Adrienne L. (2017). Costume, Makeup, and Hair . London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781784537562 . Rhodes, Richard (2011). Hedy's Folly: The Life and Breakthrough Inventions of Hedy Lamarr, the Most Beautiful Woman in the World . New York: Vintage Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780307742957 . Scarfone, Jay; Stillman, William (2004). The Wizardry of Oz: The Artistry and Magic of the 1939 M-G-M Classic . New York: Applause Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781557836243 . Smyth, Jennifer E. (2018). Nobody's Girl Friday: The Women Who Ran Hollywood . New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780190840822 . Taves, Brian (2006). P.G. Wodehouse and Hollywood: Screenwriting, Satires, and Adaptations . Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780786422883 . Tortora, Phyllis G.; Johnson, Ingrid (2014). The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles . New York: Fairchild Books. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781609015350 . External links [ edit ] Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Robert Kalloch (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Kalloch) . Robert Kalloch (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0436056/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000025670036) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/307299997) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJycKr34qWqy7GBmKkHBfq) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1048695484) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85378805) People Deutsche Biographie (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1048695484.html?language=en) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐jc9jg Cached time: 20240720170540 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.517 seconds Real time usage: 1.700 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 19302/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 168532/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12398/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 409523/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.976/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 11026941/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1531.677 1 -total 36.29% 555.852 2 Template:Reflist 25.29% 387.378 93 Template:Cite_news 18.37% 281.433 95 Template:Sfn 9.57% 146.516 1 Template:Infobox_person 8.57% 131.283 22 Template:Cite_book 6.30% 96.517 1 Template:Authority_control 6.00% 91.966 1 Template:Cite_web 5.25% 80.472 1 Template:Short_description 4.22% 64.641 6 Template:Inflation Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:60207160-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720170540 and revision id 1233784826. 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Tommy Ton Born Thomas Ton ( 1984-03-09 ) 9 March 1984 (age 40) [1] (#cite_note-bof-dob-1) Oakville, Ontario (/wiki/Oakville,_Ontario) , Canada Occupation Photographer Years active 2005–present Notable work Jak & Jil, Style.com, Tommyton.com Website tommyton (http://tommyton.com) .com (http://tommyton.com) Tommy Ton (born 9 March 1984) [1] (#cite_note-bof-dob-1) is a Canadian photographer known for his fashion blog (/wiki/Fashion_blog) Jak & Jil, and his street style (/wiki/Street_style) coverage of fashion weeks (/wiki/Fashion_week) on Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) and GQ (/wiki/GQ) .com. His favorite subjects are fashion editors, the likes of Carine Roitfeld (/wiki/Carine_Roitfeld) , and Anna Dello Russo (/wiki/Anna_Dello_Russo) . [2] (#cite_note-Telegraph-2) Early life and education [ edit ] Tommy Ton was born in Oakville, Ontario (/wiki/Oakville,_Ontario) to Vietnamese Canadian (/wiki/Vietnamese_Canadian) parents. [2] (#cite_note-Telegraph-2) When Ton was 13 years old, he was asked by his sister to record FashionTelevision (/wiki/FashionTelevision) . Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) appeared in the segment that Ton was recording, where Ford began expressing his views on women and sexuality. Impressed by Ford's ability to speak eloquently with carefully chosen words about his collection, Ton's interest in fashion began. [3] (#cite_note-BOF-3) Although Ton did not receive formal training in photography, he educated himself by attending digital photography classes and met with friends who did graphic design to pursue a career in fashion and photography. [3] (#cite_note-BOF-3) Professional career [ edit ] Early career [ edit ] Following his new-found passion, he began pursuing various positions in the fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) . Despite his young age, at age 15, he interned with a local fashion designer, Wayne Clark, which led to his first job at the women's accessory department of an upscale Canadian department store (/wiki/Department_store) Holt Renfrew (/wiki/Holt_Renfrew) . [3] (#cite_note-BOF-3) During his stint working at the women's accessory department, he was spotted by Barbara Atkin (/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Atkin&action=edit&redlink=1) , a Vice President of Fashion Direction, of Holt Refrew, which subsequently landed him a job in the department store's buying office furthering his career in fashion industry. [3] (#cite_note-BOF-3) Jak and Jil [ edit ] In 2005, encouraged by the rise of online magazines (/wiki/Online_magazine) , Ton conceived Jak & Jil. The site was originally intended to be a lifestyle website (/wiki/Lifestyle_magazine) featuring products and people in Toronto. [3] (#cite_note-BOF-3) Although different from the current iteration of Jak & Jil, it attracted the attention of local business owner Lynda Latner. Latner runs a website and a showroom that sells high-end vintage garments. Ton was hired to help Latner to expand her business. [3] (#cite_note-BOF-3) In 2007, Latner offered to send Ton to London (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) and Paris (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) to attend fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) , which became the first opportunity to expand his practice internationally. Ton was tired of taking head-to-toe photographs, which became the convention of documenting street style popularized by Scott Schuman (/wiki/Scott_Schuman) of The Sartorialist (/wiki/The_Sartorialist) , and Asian street-style websites and blogs. To aesthetically and conceptually differentiate his photographs from those of other style bloggers, Ton started taking candid photographs (/wiki/Candid_photography) . He favored landscape oriented (/wiki/Page_orientation) rather than portrait oriented photographs and focused on the details of the outfit (such as contrasting patterns of the lining of the coat, or intricate details of the heels) rather than the whole ensemble. To accommodate and give more weight to his fashion week photographs, he renovated his website to its current blog format. Ton's new approach to street style photography, coupled with a redesigned website, received attention from other bloggers like Susanna Lau (/wiki/Susanna_Lau) of Style Bubble, and helped him to attract wider audience for his photography. [3] (#cite_note-BOF-3) Breakthrough [ edit ] Hong Kong-based high-end retail chain Lane Crawford (/wiki/Lane_Crawford) , who asked Ton to shoot their Spring/Summer 2009 campaign. In Fall/Winter 2009 Ton was invited to sit on the front-row of a Dolce and Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_and_Gabbana) fashion show, along with fellow fashion bloggers Bryanboy (/wiki/Bryanboy) , Garance Doré (/wiki/Garance_Dor%C3%A9) and Scott Schuman (/wiki/Scott_Schuman) . This moment signaled a paradigm shift (/wiki/Paradigm_shift) in fashion journalism (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Following the Dolce and Gabbana show, Ton was hired by other fashion houses to shoot their fashion shows. In addition, publications such as The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) and The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) began requesting and running his photographs, thereby increasing his public profile in fashion media. [ citation needed ] Style.com [ edit ] Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) editor-in-chief Dirk Standen asked Ton to cover fashion week for Style.com and GQ (/wiki/GQ) . Scott Schuman of The Sartorialist, who had previously held the position, was preparing to leave to focus on his personal projects. Since then, Ton remained the main contributor of fashion week street style coverage for both Style.com, and GQ, effectively making him the de facto photographer of record for fashion week street style. [3] (#cite_note-BOF-3) TommyTon.com [ edit ] On 2 September 2015, Ton launched his site, Tommyton.com and announced that he would not be joining Vogue Runway, which scooped up some senior editorial staff from Style.com, including Nicole Phelps, and launched 1 September 2015. Instead, Ton will cover shows independently. Ton's site features more than 15,000 Ton-lensed images from the past decade, including those previously featured on Style.com, GQ.com and the photographer's former blog, Jak & Jil. In addition, Ton released numerous unpublished photographs and plans on posting new and exclusive images weekly, all of which readers can sort images by color, brand, trend and subject. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Tommy Ton is part of the BoF 500" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/tommy-ton) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 11 December 2022 . ^ a b De Rosee, Sophie (19 February 2011). "Tommy Ton: fashion's favourite photo blogger" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8333552/Tommy-Ton-fashions-favourite-photo-blogger.html) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . Retrieved 29 July 2015 . ^ a b c d e f g h Amed, Imran (28 March 2011). "The Business of Blogging: Tommy Ton" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/2011/03/the-business-of-blogging-tommy-ton.html) . Business of Fashion . Retrieved 29 July 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) Bloggers Crash Fashion’s Front Row (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/27/fashion/27BLOGGERS.html?ref=style) . The New York Times. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Tommy Ton Goes His Own Way" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/tommy-ton-goes-his-own-way) . The Business of Fashion . 2 September 2015 . Retrieved 2 February 2016 . External links [ edit ] Tommy Ton at the CollectiveShift (http://www.thecollectiveshift.com/show/portfolio/Ton) Style.com Contributor Profile – Tommy Ton (http://www.style.com/contributors/tommy-ton) Tommyton.com (http://www.tommyton.com) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists Photographers' Identities (https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/390080) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐kgc8b Cached time: 20240713234710 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.320 seconds Real time usage: 0.396 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2018/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15590/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1808/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 23234/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.208/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5941500/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 375.724 1 -total 34.59% 129.954 1 Template:Infobox_person 25.96% 97.521 1 Template:Reflist 21.39% 80.374 1 Template:Authority_control 20.88% 78.463 3 Template:Cite_web 9.85% 36.999 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 8.35% 31.368 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 8.19% 30.773 1 Template:Cn 7.25% 27.235 1 Template:Fix 6.93% 26.033 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33408893-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713234710 and revision id 1217704934. 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This article has an unclear citation style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_style) . The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) and footnoting (/wiki/Help:Footnotes) . ( October 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Vera Neumann (born Vera Salaff; July 24, 1907 – June 15, 1993) was an American artist and entrepreneur best known for her boldly colored linen patterns and scarves signed "Vera" and featuring a ladybug (/wiki/Ladybug) . Early life and career [ edit ] Vera was the third of four children born to Fanny and Meyer Salaff who encouraged each of their children to find a passion and follow it – in her case drawing and painting. Her father gave her 50 cents for each sketchbook she could fill with her drawings as well as taking her to The Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) every Sunday. [1] (#cite_note-1) Ultimately, each of the Salaff children chose a creative career path. After high school, Vera attended art school at The Cooper Union (/wiki/Cooper_Union) for the Advancement of Science and Art and enrolled in classes at the Traphagen School of Fashion (/wiki/Traphagen_School_of_Fashion) after graduation. [2] (#cite_note-2) She graduated from Traphagen School of Fashion in 1926 in Illustration and Textile Design. [3] (#cite_note-3) Career [ edit ] Her first job was as a fashion illustrator and then a textile designer (/wiki/Textile_arts) on Seventh Avenue in New York. Shortly afterwards, she left to design fabric and murals for children's rooms. [4] (#cite_note-4) Vera met and married Austrian George Neumann whose family background was in textiles. [5] (#cite_note-5) The two moved into a small studio on 17th street where they decided to merge their career backgrounds and began their company, Printex. They built a small silkscreen printing press to fit on their dining room table which was only large enough to produce linen placemats. These were then cured in their kitchen oven. [6] (#cite_note-6) They were soon joined by their friend Frederick Werner Hamm, a recent German immigrant who also had a background in textiles. Hamm used his sales skills to secure their first order from the department store B. Altman. [7] (#cite_note-7) The company outgrew the apartment and moved into a larger one, which soon became too small, so they moved into a large derelict 1810 Georgian Mansion near the Hudson River (/wiki/Hudson_River) in Ossining, New York. [8] (#cite_note-8) First signature scarf [ edit ] With World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) in full swing, Vera found linen supplies dwindling and went in search of alternative materials for her products. She came across some parachute silk at an army surplus store, an event which marked the beginning of her scarf business. She kept her signature on art transferred to the scarves, thus creating the first signature scarf in history. "Vera scarves" became immediately popular and Vera herself was soon on first-name terms with well-known women around the country. Marilyn Monroe (/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe) was a fan [9] (#cite_note-9) as were Grace Kelly (/wiki/Grace_Kelly) and First Lady (/wiki/First_Lady) Bess Truman (/wiki/Bess_Truman) , who selected Vera fabric from Schumacher, Inc. to decorate the third-floor solarium windows and upholstery of the White House (/wiki/White_House) . Women from around the country also chose Vera products for their color and cheerful prints. The demand for Vera products and the untimely death of George in 1962 led Vera to sell the business to Manhattan Industries (/wiki/Manhattan_Industries) in 1967. [10] (#cite_note-10) Both Vera and Werner Hamm became board members and Vera stayed on as creative director. The company expanded into sportswear, eventually hiring up and comer Perry Ellis (/wiki/Perry_Ellis) to oversee that division, as well as luggage. Galleries and awards [ edit ] Alexander Gray Associates located at 510 West 26th Street, held a Vera Neumann show - Vera Paints a Rainbow, from July 9-August 7, 2015. Emile Walter Galleries, located at 121 East 57th Street, launched an exhibition in 1970, which included around 50 original paintings and drew art collectors from around the country with the first customer John Lennon (/wiki/John_Lennon) . Department stores across the country hosted a traveling show of scarves and other products, set up to look like an art gallery. [11] (#cite_note-11) The Smithsonian (/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution) inducted Vera into its Resident Associate Program in October 1972 as their first artist and commissioned her to paint the Foucault Pendulum (/wiki/Foucault_pendulum) , which still hangs in their offices today. The institute launched the program "A Salute to Vera: the Renaissance Woman" at the Museum of History and Technology (/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History) . [12] (#cite_note-12) In 1975 the Fashion Institute of Technology's Museum launched a retrospective named, "Vera: The Artist in Industry 1945–1975." The Goldie Paley Design Center at the Philadelphia College of Textiles and Science also launched a retrospective of their own in 1980 entitled "Celebrate the Seasons of the Sun With Vera." [13] (#cite_note-13) Legacy [ edit ] Neumann's company "Vera Licensing" was purchased by Salant Corporation in 1988. She remained head designer, but Printex was closed later that year. She painted until the last months of her life and died of a cardiac arrest at Phelps Memorial Hospital in North Tarrytown (/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow,_New_York) , NY on June 15, 1993. [14] (#cite_note-14) After her death, she continued to receive acclaim from museums and exhibits around the country. In 1999, Vera Licensing was sold to The Tog Shop, a catalog company which had licensed sportswear from Vera Licensing. The Tog Shop was put up for sale in 2005 and Susan Seid, then the VP of Merchandising of The Tog Shop, bought "The Vera Company". In February 2012, Crate & Barrel has exclusively reissued 3 Vera dishtowels. In April 2013, Target stores began to sell 17 designs inspired by Vera, complete with her signature and ladybug. In November 2013, the business division of the company was acquired by VNIP Holdings, which included licensing agreements, trademarks, and copyrights. However, Seid retained ownership of approximately 8,400 pieces of original artwork, 7,000 acetate and vellum prints, and 4,500 screen-printed posters; thereby splitting the brand from the artwork. In 2023, Seid established an irrevocable trust and transferred the majority of the original art and screen prints to The Vera Neumann Artwork Trust under her daughter's, Tiffany Salyards, management. Seid kept about 100 original pieces and 300 screen prints for her personal collection and museum endeavors. In December 2023, Salyards, along with her brother Gregory Sharp and his wife Christina Sharp, acquired the licensing agreements, trademarks, copyrights, around 4,300 master silkscreen strike-offs, over 20,000 vintage scarves and samples, and various other vintage marketing materials from VNIP Holdings, effectively reuniting all Vera-related art and brand assets under Salyards' management within Vera Neumann, Inc and the Trust. The Trust operates independently of Vera Neumann, Inc., but both entities collaborate to preserve Vera's artwork and legacy. In 2024, the Trust and Vera Neumann, Inc. began selling Vera's artwork and vintage products directly to consumers and through galleries. Collectively, Salyards manages over 40,000 unique items created by Vera and her related companies. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Oakland Tribune: June 13, 1970 ^ (#cite_ref-2) The San Antonio Express: January 30, 1966 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Traphagen Alumni, The Traphagen School: Fostering American Fashion" (https://exhibitions.fitnyc.edu/traphagen-school/traphagen-alumni/) . Museum at FIT . Retrieved 2019-12-01 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) The Milwaukee Sentinel: September 21, 1977 ^ (#cite_ref-5) The San Antonio Express: January 30, 1966 ^ (#cite_ref-6) The Washington Post: May 28, 1978 ^ (#cite_ref-7) Valley Morning Star: October 30, 1950 ^ (#cite_ref-8) The New York Times: March 27, 1961. Walter Erhard worked alongside Vera as designer and art director for over 30 years at Printex, contributing to 50% of the designs that were used. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Personal Property of Marilyn Monroe Catalog: Christie's Auction 1999 ^ (#cite_ref-10) Los Angeles Times: June 18, 1993 ^ (#cite_ref-11) Oakland Tribune: November 21, 1974 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Washington Star: October 4, 1972 ^ (#cite_ref-13) The Vera Company Archival Documents ^ (#cite_ref-14) New York Times: June 17, 1993 External links [ edit ] Official website (http://veraneumann.com/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1942149/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000110596723) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/44189699) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB4bCkF6jq9Q6mjwvTmBP) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/142534544) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2013010740) Netherlands (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p330652486) Artists Museum of Modern Art (https://www.moma.org/artists/7364) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/152835989) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐p45sj Cached time: 20240714043845 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.267 seconds Real time usage: 0.344 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 393/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12586/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 116/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 12/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14126/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.200/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3337658/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 316.841 1 -total 39.81% 126.133 1 Template:Authority_control 35.53% 112.565 1 Template:Reflist 28.82% 91.319 1 Template:Cite_web 22.56% 71.489 1 Template:Citation_style 17.53% 55.535 1 Template:Ambox 0.54% 1.698 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24461131-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714043845 and revision id 1213843138. 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Australian model Lily Nova Born 1997 (age 26–27) Adelaide (/wiki/Adelaide) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) Occupation Model Modeling information Height 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Hair color Strawberry blonde Eye color Blue Agency IMG Models (/wiki/IMG_Models) (Paris, Sydney) [1] (#cite_note-1) One Management (New York) [2] (#cite_note-2) Lily Nova is an Australian fashion model. Career [ edit ] Nova was discovered at a fashion event in Australia, and debuted at Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) 's F/W 2016 show. [3] (#cite_note-3) She also walked for Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , [4] (#cite_note-4) Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , [5] (#cite_note-5) Bottega Veneta (/wiki/Bottega_Veneta) , Sonia Rykiel (/wiki/Sonia_Rykiel) , and John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) that season. Nova has appeared in multiple Miu Miu campaigns. [6] (#cite_note-6) Nova has modelled in editorials for W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) , [7] (#cite_note-7) Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) , [8] (#cite_note-8) [ better source needed ] Vogue Japan, [9] (#cite_note-9) Vogue Ukraine, and British Vogue among others. Nova currently ranks on the "Hot List" on models.com [10] (#cite_note-10) She was chosen as a "Top Newcomer" for the F/W 2017 season. [11] (#cite_note-11) Nova is known for her doll-like features. [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Lily Nova" (https://models.com/models/lily-nova) . Models.com. ^ (#cite_ref-2) https://onemanagement.com/New-York/Women/Image/LILY-NOVA/Portfolio (https://onemanagement.com/New-York/Women/Image/LILY-NOVA/Portfolio) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Adelaide to Alessandro: the Australian model who walked Gucci in her first season" (https://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/adelaide-to-alessandro-the-australian-model-who-walked-gucci-in-her-first-season/news-story/49719f71fca1e7ee9f6bcc5bbede3012) . Vogue Australia . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "This Model Got a Shocking New Hair Color for the Miu Miu Runway" (https://www.vogue.com/article/miu-miu-fall-2018-beauty-lily-nova-neon-red-hair-color-makeover-paris-fashion-week) . Vogue . 6 March 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Marc Jacobs's Cast of Cool Kids Sums Up New York Fashion Week" (https://www.vogue.com/article/new-york-fashion-week-fall-2017-ready-to-wear-marc-jacobs-model-cast) . Vogue . 16 February 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Miss Brightside, the lovely-headed Lily Nova's time is now!" (https://models.com/oftheminute/?p=100509) . models.com . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "See Spring's Most Thrilling Fashion Hit New Heights—At the Top Of A Rollercoaster" (https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/spring-fashion-rollercoaster-amusement-park) . W . 2 March 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "America Vogue Pacific Overtures" (https://models.com/work/american-vogue-pacific-overtures) . models.com . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "LILY NOVA POSES IN OVERSIZED COATS FOR VOGUE JAPAN" (https://www.fashiongonerogue.com/editorial/lily-nova-vogue-japan-big-coats/) . Fashion Gone Rogue . 6 February 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The Hot List" (https://models.com/rankings/ui/TheHotList/23383#23383) . models.com . Cute to the hilt, Lily Nova leveraged her ginger curls into campaign clinches once she debuted down Gucci's runway. Miu Miu thrice tapped the Adelaide model for ads and since then Marc Jacobs, Sonia Rykiel and Red Valentino followed suit. Miss Nova's lovely looks in top shelf editorials like Vogue Italia, W, British Vogue and Love are only a natural fit. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Top Newcomers F/W 2017" (https://models.com/mdx/top-newcomers-fw-2017/) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Beauty Disruptors: Meet 12 People Changing the Beauty Industry for the Better" (https://www.allure.com/gallery/allure-beauty-disruptors-2018) . Allure . 17 April 2018. 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐664bf47b7d‐cpvvb Cached time: 20240703082351 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.001 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:36778865-0!canonical and timestamp 20240703082351 and revision id 1158085959. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. F Fur trade (/wiki/Category:Fur_trade) (19 C, 246 P) H Hides (skin) (/wiki/Category:Hides_(skin)) (1 C, 19 P) Pages in category "Clothing and the environment" The following 38 pages are in this category, out of 38 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) B Bamboo textile (/wiki/Bamboo_textile) Biodegradable athletic footwear (/wiki/Biodegradable_athletic_footwear) C Circular fashion (/wiki/Circular_fashion) Clothing swap (/wiki/Clothing_swap) Cotton recycling (/wiki/Cotton_recycling) E Ecocitex (/wiki/Ecocitex) Environmental impact of fashion (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion) Environmental impact of leather (/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_leather) Environmental impacts of fur farming (/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_fur_farming) Environmental sustainability of vintage fashion (/wiki/Environmental_sustainability_of_vintage_fashion) F Fashion Revolution (/wiki/Fashion_Revolution) Fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) Fast fashion in China (/wiki/Fast_fashion_in_China) Fur clothing (/wiki/Fur_clothing) G Green textile (/wiki/Green_textile) Greenhouse gas emissions by Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Nike,_Inc.) H Higg Index (/wiki/Higg_Index) History of hide materials (/wiki/History_of_hide_materials) L Laundry wastewater (/wiki/Laundry_wastewater) M Maritime fur trade (/wiki/Maritime_fur_trade) Microplastics (/wiki/Microplastics) Microplastics effects on human health (/wiki/Microplastics_effects_on_human_health) O Organic cotton (/wiki/Organic_cotton) Organic wool (/wiki/Organic_wool) P Patagonia, Inc. (/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc.) John Patrick (fashion designer) (/wiki/John_Patrick_(fashion_designer)) R Reconstructed clothing (/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing) RiverBlue (/wiki/RiverBlue) S Slow fashion (/wiki/Slow_fashion) Sustainable fashion (/wiki/Sustainable_fashion) T Textile performance (/wiki/Textile_performance) Textile recycling (/wiki/Textile_recycling) Textile Recycling for Aid and International Development (/wiki/Textile_Recycling_for_Aid_and_International_Development) Dana Thomas (/wiki/Dana_Thomas) Trashion (/wiki/Trashion) The True Cost (/wiki/The_True_Cost) Z Zero-waste fashion (/wiki/Zero-waste_fashion) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_and_the_environment&oldid=1158085959 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_and_the_environment&oldid=1158085959) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing (/wiki/Category:Clothing) Culture and the environment (/wiki/Category:Culture_and_the_environment) Fashion industry (/wiki/Category:Fashion_industry) Products and the environment (/wiki/Category:Products_and_the_environment)
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This redirect does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) : Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This redirect is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles Medicine (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine) Medicine portal (/wiki/Portal:Medicine) This redirect is within the scope of WikiProject Medicine (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine) . Please visit the project page for details or ask questions at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Medicine (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Medicine) . Medicine Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine Template:WikiProject Medicine medicine articles Glass (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Physics/Taskforces/Glass) This redirect is within the scope of WikiProject Glass (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Physics/Taskforces/Glass) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of glass (/wiki/Glass) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Physics/Taskforces/Glass) and see a list of open tasks. Glass Wikipedia:WikiProject Physics/Taskforces/Glass Template:WikiProject Glass glass articles NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐6456cd8f48‐s9gmg Cached time: 20240716203238 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.008 seconds CPU time usage: 0.176 seconds Real time usage: 0.230 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 744/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 21389/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 18/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16123/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.127/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2081359/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 195.986 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell 100.00% 195.986 1 -total 46.29% 90.713 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 14.13% 27.685 1 Template:WikiProject_Medicine 8.49% 16.641 1 Template:WikiProject_Glass 2.97% 5.818 4 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:39813750-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716203238 and revision id 1234921292. Rendering was triggered because: edit-page esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Pince-nez&oldid=1234921292 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Pince-nez&oldid=1234921292) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : NA-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) Redirect-Class medicine articles (/wiki/Category:Redirect-Class_medicine_articles) NA-importance medicine articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_medicine_articles) All WikiProject Medicine pages (/wiki/Category:All_WikiProject_Medicine_pages) NA-Class glass articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_glass_articles) NA-importance glass articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_glass_articles) NA-Class glass articles of NA-importance (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_glass_articles_of_NA-importance) WikiProject Glass articles (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Glass_articles)
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Basso & Brooke Industry Fashion Founded 2001 Founder Bruno Basso, Christopher Brooke Basso & Brooke is a fashion label formed by Bruno Basso and Christopher Brooke. Bruno Basso was born in Santos, São Paulo (/wiki/Santos,_S%C3%A3o_Paulo) , Brazil (/wiki/Brazil) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Christopher Brooke was born in Newark-on-Trent (/wiki/Newark-on-Trent) , UK (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . [2] (#cite_note-2) After meeting in 2001, they produced their first collection in 2004, and were the inaugural winners of Fashion Fringe, [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) a UK talent competition to search out for the next big thing in fashion. The label is noted for their pioneering use of the digital print technique within the fashion industry. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Tim Blanks of Style.com (/wiki/Style.com) described them as the Pixar (/wiki/Pixar) of clothes. [7] (#cite_note-7) They have also been described as "the masters of fantastical digital print." [8] (#cite_note-8) Since then, they have launched numerous ready-to-wear collections from 2005–present. In 2006, The Costume Institute of the Metropolitan museum of art in New York acquired the Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) crystal-covered finale piece of their Autumn/Winter 2005 collection. [9] (#cite_note-9) In May 2009, Michelle Obama (/wiki/Michelle_Obama) wore a piece from their SS09 collection at an informal evening of Poetry, Music and the Spoken Word within the White House. [10] (#cite_note-10) Collaborations [ edit ] In April 2006, they produced a chandelier with Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) for the Crystal Palace exhibition in Milan, Italy. [11] (#cite_note-11) In May 2009, Basso & Brooke collaborated with Converse (/wiki/Converse_(shoe_company)) for the Project (RED) charity, [12] (#cite_note-12) and designed a limited edition lipstick packaging for L'Oréal (/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al) . [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2006, The Dorchester Collection (/wiki/Dorchester_Collection) (a luxury hotel operator owned by the Brunei (/wiki/Brunei) Investment Agency) [14] (#cite_note-14) commissioned Basso & Brooke to design a series of dresses to represent five of their hotels; Dorchester Hotel (/wiki/Dorchester_Hotel) , The Beverly Hills Hotel (/wiki/The_Beverly_Hills_Hotel) , Plaza Athénée (/wiki/Plaza_Ath%C3%A9n%C3%A9e) , Hotel Meurice (/wiki/Hotel_Meurice) and Principe di Savoia (/wiki/Principe_di_Savoia) . Stephen Jones (milliner) (/wiki/Stephen_Jones_(milliner)) to the Dior (/wiki/Dior) fashion house was enlisted by the designers to create hats to accompany the dresses. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "fashionoffice.org : trends in fashion - America . Asia . Europe" (http://www.fashion.at/design/2008/bassobrooke10-2008.htm) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "fashionoffice.org : trends in fashion - America . Asia . Europe" (http://www.fashion.at/design/2008/bassobrooke10-2008.htm) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "On The Fringe Of Fashion" (http://fashionfringe.co.uk/) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Basso & Brooke Ready-To-Wear - Catwalk report - London Spring/Summer 2005 (Vogue.com UK)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110611162948/http://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/show.aspx/catwalk-report/id,2127) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/show.aspx/catwalk-report/id,2127) on 2011-06-11 . Retrieved 2009-10-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Digital prints have the wow factor | Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091018081751/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/fashion/article-23755803-digital-prints-have-the-wow-factor.do) . Archived from the original (http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/fashion/article-23755803-digital-prints-have-the-wow-factor.do) on 2009-10-18 . Retrieved 2009-10-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Basso & Brooke Womenswear S/S10 | Dazed" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184534/http://www.dazeddigital.com/FashionWeek/womenswear/ss10/article/4939/1/Basso__Brooke_SS_10) . Archived from the original (http://dazeddigital.com/FashionWeek/womenswear/ss10/article/4939/1/Basso__Brooke_SS_10) on 2016-03-03 . Retrieved 2009-10-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "FARFETCH - the Global Destination for Modern Luxury" (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/F2009RTW-BASSOB/) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Basso & Brooke Ready-To-Wear - Catwalk report - London Autumn/Winter 2009-10 (Vogue.com UK)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091008022145/http://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/show.aspx/catwalk-report/id,7727) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/show.aspx/catwalk-report/id,7727) on 2009-10-08 . Retrieved 2009-10-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Basso and Brooke | Robe | British | The Metropolitan Museum of Art" (http://www.metmuseum.org/works_of_art/collection_database/the_costume_institute/robe_basso_and_brooke/objectview_altviewenlarge.aspx?page=1&sort=0&sortdir=asc&keyword=&fp=1&dd1=8&dd2=0&vw=1&collID=8&OID=80064883&vT=1&iID=1&iPage=1) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Michelle Obama wears Fashion Fringe winners Basso & Brooke (Vogue.com UK)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090518025413/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/090514-michelle-obama-wears-basso--brooke.aspx) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/090514-michelle-obama-wears-basso--brooke.aspx) on 2009-05-18 . Retrieved 2009-10-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Swarovski Official | Jewelry, Watches and Crystal Decorations" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090504125316/http://www.swarovskicrystalpalace.com/Content.Node/collection/one-of-a-kind/Science-and-Fiction.html#/swarovskicrystalpalace/collections/oneofakind/scienceandfiction) . Archived from the original (http://www.swarovskicrystalpalace.com/Content.Node/collection/one-of-a-kind/Science-and-Fiction.html#/swarovskicrystalpalace/collections/oneofakind/scienceandfiction) on 2009-05-04. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Basso & Brooke's Converse collaboration (Vogue.com UK)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090402153313/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/favourites-of-vogue/090326-basso--brookes-converse-collabora.aspx) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/favourites-of-vogue/090326-basso--brookes-converse-collabora.aspx) on 2009-04-02 . Retrieved 2009-10-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "L'Oréal Basso & Brooke Lipsticks (Vogue.com UK)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090612060918/http://www.vogue.co.uk/beauty/news/090522-loreal-basso--brooke-lipsticks.aspx) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/beauty/news/090522-loreal-basso--brooke-lipsticks.aspx) on 2009-06-12 . Retrieved 2009-10-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Elliott, Stuart (23 February 2009). "At These Grand Hotels, Stars Come Out Tonight ... And Every Night" (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/23/business/media/23adnewsletter1.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Stephen Jones Millinery: The Dorchester Collection" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091211200851/http://www.stephenjonesmillinery.com/04biography/dorchester.php) . Archived from the original (http://www.stephenjonesmillinery.com/04biography/dorchester.php) on 2009-12-11 . Retrieved 2009-10-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) http://www.dorchestercollection.com/Documents/company_20061110_1_a_new_collection_unveiled-lifestyle_press.pdf (http://www.dorchestercollection.com/Documents/company_20061110_1_a_new_collection_unveiled-lifestyle_press.pdf) [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Fancy a little hotel action with Basso & Brooke and Helena Christensen? (Vogue.com UK)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110611163127/http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/2006-11/061114-the-basso-and-brooke-hotel-plan.aspx) . Archived from the original (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/daily/2006-11/061114-the-basso-and-brooke-hotel-plan.aspx) on 2011-06-11 . Retrieved 2009-10-23 . External links [ edit ] Bruno Basso & Christopher Brooke (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/bruno-basso-christopher-brooke/) at FMD (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐n4bpk Cached time: 20240722163633 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.263 seconds Real time usage: 0.338 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1735/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30233/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1374/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 60674/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.165/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4756808/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 316.077 1 -total 60.17% 190.186 1 Template:Reflist 40.19% 127.028 15 Template:Cite_web 33.36% 105.458 1 Template:Infobox_company 28.96% 91.523 1 Template:Infobox 11.87% 37.534 1 Template:Dead_link 10.17% 32.145 1 Template:Fix 9.31% 29.432 2 Template:Category_handler 4.04% 12.782 1 Template:Fashiondesigner 1.58% 4.997 1 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:20973081-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722163633 and revision id 1109077341. 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This article does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tie_chain) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . Find sources: "Tie chain" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Tie+chain%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Tie+chain%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Tie+chain%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Tie+chain%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Tie+chain%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Tie+chain%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A Silver Tie Chain A tie chain is a neckwear (/wiki/Necktie) -controlling device. Description [ edit ] Similar to tie clips (/wiki/Tie_clip) and tie bars, it is used to hold in place a tie to the underlying shirt front, ensuring that the tie hangs straight. This accessory is composed of two parts, a durable clip and a chain (typically of gold or silver). The clip attaches to a button or attaches to the placket (/wiki/Placket) on the shirt (/wiki/Dress_shirt) and when properly worn is covered entirely by the tie. The chain is then left to rest across the necktie, keeping the tie secure. References [ edit ] v t e Jewellery (/wiki/Jewellery) Forms (/wiki/List_of_jewellery_types) Anklet (/wiki/Anklet) Barrette (/wiki/Hair_clip) Belly chain (/wiki/Belly_chain) Belt buckle (/wiki/Belt_buckle) Bindi (/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)) Bolo tie (/wiki/Bolo_tie) Bracelet (/wiki/Bracelet) Brooch (/wiki/Brooch) Chatelaine (/wiki/Chatelaine_(chain)) Collar pin (/wiki/Collar_pin) Crown (/wiki/Crown) Cufflink (/wiki/Cufflink) Earring (/wiki/Earring) Ferronnière (/wiki/Ferronni%C3%A8re) Genital (/wiki/Genital_jewellery) Lapel pin (/wiki/Lapel_pin) Necklace (/wiki/Necklace) Neck ring (/wiki/Neck_ring) Pectoral (/wiki/Pectoral_(Ancient_Egypt)) Pendant (/wiki/Pendant) Ring (/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)) Tiara (/wiki/Tiara) Tie chain Tie clip (/wiki/Tie_clip) Tie pin (/wiki/Tie_pin) Toe ring (/wiki/Toe_ring) Watch (/wiki/Watch) pocket (/wiki/Pocket_watch) strap (/wiki/Watch_strap) Making People Bench jeweler (/wiki/Bench_jeweler) Clockmaker (/wiki/Clockmaker) Goldsmith (/wiki/Goldsmith) Jewellery designer (/wiki/Jewellery_design) Lapidarist (/wiki/Lapidary) Silversmith (/wiki/Silversmith) Watchmaker (/wiki/Watchmaker) Processes Carving (/wiki/Cameo_(carving)) Casting (/wiki/Metal_casting) centrifugal (/wiki/Centrifugal_casting_(silversmithing)) lost-wax (/wiki/Lost-wax_casting) vacuum (/wiki/Metal_casting) Enameling (/wiki/Vitreous_enamel) Engraving (/wiki/Engraved_gem) Filigree (/wiki/Filigree) Kazaziye (/wiki/Kazaziye) Metal clay (/wiki/Metal_clay) Plating (/wiki/Plating) Polishing (/wiki/Polishing_(metalworking)) Repoussé and chasing (/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing) Soldering (/wiki/Soldering) Stonesetting (/wiki/Stonesetting) Wire sculpture (/wiki/Wire_sculpture) Wire wrapped jewelry (/wiki/Wire_wrapped_jewelry) Tools Draw plate (/wiki/Draw_plate) File (/wiki/File_(tool)) Hammer (/wiki/Hammer) Mandrel (/wiki/Mandrel) Pliers (/wiki/Pliers) Materials Precious metals (/wiki/Precious_metal) Gold (/wiki/Gold) Palladium (/wiki/Palladium) Platinum (/wiki/Platinum) Rhodium (/wiki/Rhodium) Silver (/wiki/Silver) Precious metal alloys (/wiki/Alloy) Britannia silver (/wiki/Britannia_silver) Colored gold (/wiki/Colored_gold) Crown gold (/wiki/Crown_gold) Electrum (/wiki/Electrum) Shakudō (/wiki/Shakud%C5%8D) Shibuichi (/wiki/Shibuichi) Sterling silver (/wiki/Sterling_silver) Argentium (/wiki/Argentium_sterling_silver) Tumbaga (/wiki/Tumbaga) Base metals (/wiki/Base_metal) Brass (/wiki/Brass) Bronze (/wiki/Bronze) Copper (/wiki/Copper) Mokume-gane (/wiki/Mokume-gane) Nickel silver (alpacca) (/wiki/Nickel_silver) Pewter (/wiki/Pewter) Pinchbeck (/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alloy)) Stainless steel (/wiki/Stainless_steel) Titanium (/wiki/Titanium) Tungsten (/wiki/Tungsten) Mineral gemstones (/wiki/Gemstone) Agate (/wiki/Agate) Amazonite (/wiki/Amazonite) Amethyst (/wiki/Amethyst) Aventurine (/wiki/Aventurine) Beryl (/wiki/Beryl) ( red (/wiki/Red_beryl) ) Carnelian (/wiki/Carnelian) Chrysoberyl (/wiki/Chrysoberyl) Chrysocolla (/wiki/Chrysocolla) Diamond (/wiki/Diamond) Diopside (/wiki/Diopside) Emerald (/wiki/Emerald) Fluorite (/wiki/Fluorite) Garnet (/wiki/Garnet) Howlite (/wiki/Howlite) Jade (/wiki/Jade) Jasper (/wiki/Jasper) Kyanite (/wiki/Kyanite) Labradorite (/wiki/Labradorite) Lapis lazuli (/wiki/Lapis_lazuli) Larimar (/wiki/Larimar) Malachite (/wiki/Malachite) Marcasite (/wiki/Marcasite_jewellery) Moonstone (/wiki/Moonstone_(gemstone)) Obsidian (/wiki/Obsidian) Onyx (/wiki/Onyx) Opal (/wiki/Opal) Peridot (/wiki/Peridot) Prasiolite (/wiki/Prasiolite) Quartz (/wiki/Quartz) ( smoky (/wiki/Smoky_quartz) ) Ruby (/wiki/Ruby) Sapphire (/wiki/Sapphire) Sodalite (/wiki/Sodalite) Spinel (/wiki/Spinel) Sunstone (/wiki/Sunstone) Tanzanite (/wiki/Tanzanite) Tiger's eye (/wiki/Tiger%27s_eye) Topaz (/wiki/Topaz) Tourmaline (/wiki/Tourmaline) Turquoise (/wiki/Turquoise) Variscite (/wiki/Variscite) Zircon (/wiki/Zircon) Organic gemstones Abalone (/wiki/Abalone) Amber (/wiki/Amber) Ammolite (/wiki/Ammolite) Copal (/wiki/Copal) Coral (/wiki/Coral) Black (/wiki/Black_coral) Precious (/wiki/Precious_coral) Ivory (/wiki/Ivory) Jet (/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)) Nacre (/wiki/Nacre) Operculum (/wiki/Operculum_(gastropod)) Pearl (/wiki/Pearl) Tortoiseshell (/wiki/Tortoiseshell) Other natural objects Bezoar (/wiki/Bezoar) Bog-wood (/wiki/Bog-wood) Ebonite (vulcanite) (/wiki/Ebonite) Gutta-percha (/wiki/Gutta-percha) Hair (/wiki/Hair_jewellery) Shell (/wiki/Shell_jewelry) Spondylus shell (/wiki/Spondylus) Toadstone (/wiki/Toadstone) Terms Art jewelry (/wiki/Art_jewelry) Carat (/wiki/Carat_(mass)) (mass) Carat (/wiki/Fineness#Carat) (purity) Finding (/wiki/Finding_(jewelcrafting)) Fineness (/wiki/Fineness) Related topics Body piercing (/wiki/Body_piercing) Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Gemology (/wiki/Gemology) Metalworking (/wiki/Metalworking) Phaleristics (/wiki/Phaleristics) Wearable art (/wiki/Wearable_art) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐xmp8c Cached time: 20240712185745 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false 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Australian fashion retail company Mosaic Brands Limited Formerly Noni B Limited Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) ASX (/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange) : MOZ (https://www2.asx.com.au/markets/company/MOZ) Industry Retail Founded 1977 ; 47 years ago ( 1977 ) Founder Alan Kindl Headquarters Rosebery (/wiki/Rosebery,_New_South_Wales) , Australia Number of locations 715 stores (2024) Key people Erica Berchtold (CEO) Products Women's clothing Brands Millers Rockmans Noni B Rivers Katies Autograph Crossroads W. Lane Beme Website mosaicbrandslimited (https://mosaicbrandslimited.com.au/) .com (https://mosaicbrandslimited.com.au/) .au (https://mosaicbrandslimited.com.au/) Mosaic Brands Limited is an Australian fashion retail company. It operates 715 stores across Australia under the brands Millers, Rockmans, Noni B, Rivers, Katies, Autograph, Crossroads, W. Lane and Beme. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) The company's core market is women over the age of 50. [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] Mosaic Brands began as Noni B which was founded by Alan Kindl. Kindl had been a stockfeed chemist and was seeking a career change. When the opportunity came up in 1977, Kindl partnered with a friend to buy a women's fashion boutique in Belmont, New South Wales (/wiki/Belmont,_New_South_Wales) and another store nearby. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) By 1989, there was 38 Noni B stores in New South Wales (/wiki/New_South_Wales) and Victoria (/wiki/Victoria_(state)) . Kindl's friend wanted to leave the business so Kindl purchased his stake in the company for $1.2 million. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) In 2000, Noni B listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange) . [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Noni B store in Westfield Carousel (/wiki/Westfield_Carousel) In 2003, Noni established Liz Jordan, a new brand aimed at younger, more upmarket customers. [4] (#cite_note-:1-4) Liz Jordan products were sold in dedicated stores and in many Noni B stores. [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Although Noni B planned on moving upmarket with Liz Jordan, its products struggled to command higher prices because they were sold in Noni B stores. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) In August 2006, Noni B launched a new concept called La Voca, aimed at a similar demographic to Liz Jordan but with greater separation from Noni B. [6] (#cite_note-6) At the same time, the company closed its Liz Jordan stores, rebranding them as Noni B or La Voca stores. Liz Jordan products continued to be sold in Noni B stores. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) In June 2008, Noni shut down the loss making La Voca venture. About half of the 19 La Voca stores were rebranded to Noni B stores. [7] (#cite_note-7) In September 2014, private investment firm Alceon Group (/wiki/Alceon_Group) attempted a takeover (/wiki/Takeover) of Noni B. The Kindl family sold their 42 per cent stake in Noni B to the firm. [8] (#cite_note-8) However, Alceon was blocked from taking the company private (/wiki/Private_limited_company) when Gannet Capital acquired a 12 per cent stake in Noni B. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) In November 2014, Scott Evans was appointed CEO of Noni B. [11] (#cite_note-11) In December 2014, Noni B bought two brands—Queenspark and Events—for $675,000. [12] (#cite_note-12) In August 2016, the company purchased Pretty Girl Fashion Group from Consolidated Press Holdings (/wiki/Consolidated_Press_Holdings) for at least $75 million in cash and shares. Pretty Girl Fashion Group had around 370 stores under the brands Table Eight, Rockmans, BeMe, and W. Lane. [13] (#cite_note-13) In July 2018, Noni B purchased five brands—Autograph, Crossroads, Katies, Millers and Rivers—from Specialty Fashion Group (/wiki/Specialty_Fashion_Group) for $31 million. [14] (#cite_note-14) Millers store in Maddington Central In November 2019, Noni B purchased a 50.1 per cent stake in New Zealand multi-channel retailer EziBuy (/wiki/EziBuy) from Alceon Group in a $1 peppercorn (/wiki/Peppercorn_(law)) sale. [15] (#cite_note-15) That month, Noni B Limited also changed its name to Mosaic Brands. [16] (#cite_note-16) The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia) led Mosaic to temporarily closed its 1379 stores and stand down 6800 staff in March 2020. [17] (#cite_note-17) Between the start of the pandemic and September 2021, the company closed 288 stores. [18] (#cite_note-18) In May 2021, the company was fined $630,000 by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (/wiki/Australian_Competition_and_Consumer_Commission) (ACCC) for making false or misleading claims pertaining to hand sanitiser and face mask products. [19] (#cite_note-19) The company was also fined $266,400 in September 2022 for false claims regarding two other products. Mosaic Brands said the two products were from "third-party sellers" and "neither product was ever purchased by a customer". [20] (#cite_note-20) Mosaic purchased the remaining 49.9 per cent stake in EziBuy in October 2021 for $11 million. [21] (#cite_note-21) In April 2023, Mosaic placed EziBuy into administration (/wiki/Administration_(law)) , with plans to restructure it. [22] (#cite_note-:02-22) With this the remaining stores were closed down and the retailer went online only. [23] (#cite_note-23) The brand entered liquidation (/wiki/Liquidation) in July 2023 with creditors owed more than $100 million. [24] (#cite_note-24) [25] (#cite_note-25) In May 2023, Mosaic was fined $29,000 after it pleaded guilty to 324 offences of underpaying long service to workers. The court found that while the underpayments were not deliberate, they occurred due to a lack of care and diligence. [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) Erica Berchtold was appointed CEO of Mosaic Brands in February 2024. [26] (#cite_note-26) The following month, the ACCC brought proceedings against the company for allegedly making false or misleading representations to consumers about delivery timeframes and their rights regarding refunds for faulty products. [27] (#cite_note-27) References [ edit ] ^ a b Smith, Alexandra (29 May 2023). "Fashion giant guilty of hundreds of underpayment offences" (https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/fashion-giant-guilty-of-hundreds-of-underpayment-offences-20230529-p5dc22.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Mitchell, Sue (26 May 2021). "Mosaic Brands back in growth after closing stores" (https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/mosaic-brands-growing-again-after-closing-stores-20210526-p57v6z) . Australian Financial Review (/wiki/Australian_Financial_Review) . Retrieved 6 March 2024 . ^ a b c Walker, Jacqui (8 September 2005). "Family in fashion" (https://www.afr.com/companies/family-in-fashion-20050908-kabkl) . Australian Financial Review . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ a b Tyndall, Fiona (28 June 2003). "Family's retail brand spawns a daughter" (https://www.afr.com/politics/familys-retail-brand-spawns-a-daughter-20030628-jurtf) . Australian Financial Review . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ a b Evans, Michael (17 August 2006). "Noni B chief has designs on DJs' shoppers" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/noni-b-chief-has-designs-on-djs-shoppers-20060817-gdo6y2.html) . Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Mitchell, Sue (20 August 2007). "Noni B tries on a young new market" (https://www.afr.com/companies/noni-b-tries-on-a-young-new-market-20070820-jktkg) . Australian Financial Review . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Noni B to restructure La Voca stores" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/noni-b-to-restructure-la-voca-stores-20080618-2sj7.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . 18 June 2008 . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Mitchell, Sue (3 September 2014). "Noni B founders to accept Alceon takeover bid" (https://www.afr.com/companies/noni-b-founders-to-accept-alceon-takeover-bid-20140903-jduea) . Australian Financial Review . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Mitchell, Sue (27 October 2015). "Noni B returns to profit on cost cuts, store closures" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/noni-b-returns-to-profit-on-cost-cuts-store-closures-20151027-gkjcgh.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mitchell, Sue (28 October 2014). "Noni B gets new chief as Alceon takeover becomes unconditional" (https://www.afr.com/companies/noni-b-gets-new-chief-as-alceon-takeover-becomes-unconditional-20141029-11df8f) . Australian Financial Review . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "New CEO for retailer Noni B" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/new-ceo-for-retailer-noni-b-20141103-3jivz.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . 3 November 2014 . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Noni B snapping up women's fashion brands" (https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/noni-b-snapping-up-womens-fashion-brands/i7ga8om6y) . SBS News . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Mitchell, Sue (3 August 2016). "Noni B buys James Packer's Pretty Girl" (https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/noni-b-buys-james-packers-pretty-girl-20160803-gqjp7y) . Australian Financial Review . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Noni B bags Rivers, Millers and Katies in Specialty buy" (https://thewest.com.au/business/retail/noni-b-bags-rivers-millers-and-katies-in-31m-specialty-fashion-buy-ng-b88835484z) . The West Australian . 14 May 2018 . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Powell, Dominic (20 November 2019). " (https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/noni-b-buys-kiwi-retailer-ezibuy-to-boost-online-sales-20191121-p53cmm.html) 'Try before you buy': Noni B snaps up EziBuy for $1 to boost online sales" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/noni-b-buys-kiwi-retailer-ezibuy-to-boost-online-sales-20191121-p53cmm.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Mosaic Brands Limited (MOZ.AX) company profile & facts" (https://au.finance.yahoo.com/quote/MOZ.AX/profile/) . Yahoo Finance . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Powell, Dominic (24 March 2020). " (https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/noni-b-rivers-katies-owner-shuts-1400-stores-indefinitely-stands-down-nearly-7000-employees-20200325-p54dn0.html) 'Makes no sense': Major retailer slams government after shutting 1379 stores" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/noni-b-rivers-katies-owner-shuts-1400-stores-indefinitely-stands-down-nearly-7000-employees-20200325-p54dn0.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Le May, Rebecca (1 September 2021). "Retail giant behind Noni B, Katies, Rivers and Rockmans reveals 288 stores shuttered since pandemic start" (https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/retail-giant-behind-noni-b-katies-rivers-and-rockmans-reveals-288-stores-shuttered-since-pandemic-start/news-story/8737ee2f5222fab261f1954863f945ba) . News.com.au (/wiki/News.com.au) . Retrieved 6 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Gorman, Alyx (27 May 2021). "Australian retailer Mosaic Brands fined $630,000 for misleading hand sanitiser claims" (https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/may/27/australian-retailer-mosaic-brands-fined-630000-for-misleading-hand-sanitiser-claims) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 6 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Koehn, Emma (15 September 2022). "Katies, Rivers owner fined again over false product claims" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/katies-rivers-owner-fined-again-over-false-product-claims-20220915-p5bibh.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 6 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Blake, Dean (30 September 2021). "Mosaic Brands completes $11m EziBuy purchase to fuel online growth" (https://insideretail.com.au/sectors/fashion-accessories/mosaic-brands-completes-11m-ezibuy-purchase-to-fuel-online-growth-202110) . Inside Retail Australia . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-:02_22-0) Turner-Cohen, Alex (3 April 2023). "Online shopping retailer goes into administration as sales down 51%" (https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/online-shopping-retailer-goes-into-administration-as-sales-down-51/news-story/3722993d1dcf33f9ece3f93cd324c930) . News.com.au . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Founder laments Ezibuy downfall" (https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/retailer-ezibuy-administration-very-disappointing-co-founder-peter-gillespie/ECILBBA22FCOTGO7IK3QQBFSIA/) . New Zealand Herald (/wiki/New_Zealand_Herald) . 22 July 2023 . Retrieved 21 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "EziBuy tipped into liquidation by creditors" (https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/ezibuy-tipped-into-liquidation-by-creditors/MLZQDZEDWRHOPE3JRFNMMNJNRY/) . New Zealand Herald . 22 July 2023 . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Taunton, Esther (20 July 2023). "Online retailer Ezibuy goes into liquidation owing more than $100m" (https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/132589094/online-retailer-ezibuy-goes-into-liquidation-owing-more-than-100m) . Stuff (/wiki/Stuff_(website)) . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Yun, Jessica (29 February 2024). "The Iconic's former CEO to lead budget brands Rivers, Katies, Noni B" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/the-iconic-s-former-ceo-to-lead-rivers-katies-noni-b-parent-company-20240229-p5f8om.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Yun, Jessica (3 March 2024). "Katies, Rivers, Noni B owner to defend 'flawed' ACCC lawsuit over failed deliveries" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/consumer-affairs/accc-sues-katies-rivers-noni-b-owner-over-failed-deliveries-20240304-p5f9j3.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 6 March 2024 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.mosaicbrandslimited.com.au/) Media related to Mosaic Brands (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mosaic_Brands) at Wikimedia Commons NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐6vwhk Cached time: 20240719050956 Cache expiry: 1104605 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.389 seconds Real time usage: 0.524 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2858/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 69819/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2504/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 104425/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.251/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6889235/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 480.851 1 -total 37.83% 181.915 1 Template:Infobox_company 33.64% 161.753 26 Template:Cite_web 32.98% 158.571 1 Template:Infobox 12.20% 58.644 1 Template:Short_description 7.05% 33.905 1 Template:Hlist 6.84% 32.902 2 Template:Pagetype 6.67% 32.075 8 Template:Main_other 5.24% 25.205 1 Template:Commons_category-inline 4.99% 23.971 1 Template:Sister-inline Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76265172-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719050956 and revision id 1227343295. 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For the school in India (/wiki/India) , see Breeks Memorial School (/wiki/Breeks_Memorial_School) . This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Breeks) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Breeks" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Breeks%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Breeks%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Breeks%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Breeks%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Breeks%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Breeks%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Breeks is the Scots (/wiki/Scots_language) term for trousers (/wiki/Trousers) or breeches (/wiki/Breeches) . [1] (#cite_note-1) It is also used in Northumbrian English (/wiki/English_of_Northumbria) . From this it might be inferred that breeches and breeks relate to the Latin (/wiki/Latin) references to the braccae (/wiki/Braccae) that were worn by the ancient Celts (/wiki/Celt) , but the Oxford English Dictionary (also online) gives the etymology as "Common Germanic", compare modern Dutch broek , meaning trouser. Outside Scotland the term breeks is often used to refer to breeches, a trouser similar to plus fours (/wiki/Plus_fours) , especially when worn in Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) and engaging in field sports (/wiki/Field_sports) such as deer stalking (/wiki/Deer_stalking) , and the activities of taking pheasant (/wiki/Pheasant) , duck (/wiki/Duck) , partridge (/wiki/Partridge) and other game birds. Whilst breeks are a neater, trimmer fit, plus twos are slightly wider with an extra 2 inches of material to fold over the knee, and plus fours a further 4 inches of material (and a wider, baggier fit). References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Dictionary of the Scots Language :: DOST :: Brekis n. pl" (http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/dost/brekis) . Dsl.ac.uk . Retrieved 23 February 2016 . This Scotland (/wiki/Scotland) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breeks&action=edit) . v t e This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breeks&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐f42fm Cached time: 20240712164230 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.441 seconds Real time usage: 0.552 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 386/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16730/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 272/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 14574/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.327/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3720500/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 518.213 1 -total 31.73% 164.415 1 Template:Reflist 27.54% 142.725 1 Template:Cite_web 24.02% 124.455 1 Template:Scotland-stub 24.00% 124.393 2 Template:Asbox 20.97% 108.675 1 Template:More_citations_needed 20.11% 104.193 1 Template:Ambox 11.42% 59.164 1 Template:For 9.96% 51.592 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 5.36% 27.752 1 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:3045771-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712164230 and revision id 1084198827. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breeks&oldid=1084198827 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breeks&oldid=1084198827) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Trousers and shorts (/wiki/Category:Trousers_and_shorts) Scottish clothing (/wiki/Category:Scottish_clothing) Hunting and shooting in Scotland (/wiki/Category:Hunting_and_shooting_in_Scotland) Scots language (/wiki/Category:Scots_language) Scotland stubs (/wiki/Category:Scotland_stubs) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from April 2022 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022) Articles needing additional references from February 2016 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2016) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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African American style of hair Rozonda Thomas, aka TLC's Chilli, with laid edges. Laid edges , also called slayed edges or swooped edges, refers to a style of arranging the fine "baby hairs" at the edge of the hairline into flat, decorative waves or swirls. The style is sometimes referred to as simply baby hairs, and originates with African-American fashions of the 1990s. History [ edit ] A lithographic print of Josephine Baker prominently featuring her signature kiss curl. The inspiration for this style is attributed to the kiss curls (/wiki/Kiss_curl) sported by women in the 1920s, such as African American performer, activist, and style icon Josephine Baker (/wiki/Josephine_Baker) . The modern laid edges style began in the 1990s in the African American (/wiki/African_Americans) community, popularized by major musicians of the period such as Chilli (/wiki/Rozonda_Thomas) from TLC (/wiki/TLC_(group)) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) as well as Ginuwine (/wiki/Ginuwine) , Missy Elliott (/wiki/Missy_Elliott) , and Brandy (/wiki/Brandy_Norwood) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Laid edges has been associated with "ghetto" (/wiki/American_ghettos) culture in America. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [4] (#cite_note-4) Method [ edit ] Typically, edges are laid using a toothbrush (/wiki/Toothbrush) or other small bristle brush, to which hair gel (/wiki/Hair_gel) or pomade (/wiki/Pomade) is applied. The stylist can express their creativity by creating different designs and patterns with fine hairs. Small gems or other decorations can also be added. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Edges can be laid when wearing any type of braids (/wiki/Braid) or protective styles, or when the hair is pulled back into a ponytail or afro puff(s). When the hair gel holding down the fine hairs begins to flake and lose its hold, one's edges are said to be "lifting." Laid edges can also be used to blend the hairline of a wig (/wiki/Wig) (particularly lace wigs (/wiki/Lace_wig) ) or hair extensions (/wiki/Hair_extension) to make them look more natural and aesthetically pleasing. In this case, many wearers trim the hairs on the hairline of the wig to create "baby hairs" to work with. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Reactions [ edit ] The use of the laid edges style among white or other nonblack groups has been criticized as a form of cultural appropriation or blackfishing (/wiki/Blackfishing) , especially when used in conjunction with other style choices which create the effect of someone who is "not quite white" and embodies the most desirable, easily commercializable elements of African American women's appearances. [6] (#cite_note-6) See also [ edit ] Finger wave (/wiki/Finger_wave) - another 1920s era hairstyle involving gelled waves which found popularity during the 90s Jheri curl (/wiki/Jheri_curl) - another hairstyle popular among African Americans in the 1990s 1990s in fashion (/wiki/1990s_in_fashion) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Washington, Alex. "A conversation with TLC's Chilli celebrating 'CrazySexyCool' (https://www.metrotimes.com/music/a-conversation-with-tlcs-chilli-celebrating-crazysexycool-28003243) " (https://www.metrotimes.com/music/a-conversation-with-tlcs-chilli-celebrating-crazysexycool-28003243) . Detroit Metro Times . Retrieved 2023-12-27 . ^ a b "History Behind the Slayed Edges Hairstyle and How to Pull it Off" (https://www.tricociuniversity.edu/beauty-blog/history-behind-the-slayed-edges-hairstyle-and-how-to-pull-it-off/) . Tricoci University . 2021-10-02 . Retrieved 2023-12-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_3-0) Robinson, Phoebe (2015-06-04). "How I Got Over the 'Baby Hair' Obsession TLC's Rozonda 'Chilli' Thomas Gave Me" (https://www.theroot.com/how-i-got-over-the-baby-hair-obsession-tlc-s-rozonda-1790860058) . The Root . Retrieved 2023-12-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Webster, Sina H. (24 September 2018). "When life gives you lemons, "get in formation:" A Black feminist analysis of Beyonce's visual album, Lemonade" (https://commons.emich.edu/honors/568/) . Digital Commons @ EMU . ^ a b Simeon, Aimee; Miller, Nigella; Forbes, Christine (4 April 2023). "Everything You've Ever Wanted to Know About The Origin of Laying Baby Hairs" (https://www.byrdie.com/baby-hairs-history-6499640) . Byrdie . Retrieved 2023-12-27 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Stevens, Wesley E. (July 2021). "Blackfishing on Instagram: Influencing and the Commodification of Black Urban Aesthetics" (http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20563051211038236) . Social Media + Society . 7 (3): 205630512110382. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1177/20563051211038236 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F20563051211038236) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 2056-3051 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2056-3051) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laid_edges&oldid=1235407810 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laid_edges&oldid=1235407810) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : African-American hair (/wiki/Category:African-American_hair) 1990s fashion (/wiki/Category:1990s_fashion) African-American cultural appropriation (/wiki/Category:African-American_cultural_appropriation) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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American consignment company The RealReal, Inc. Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) Nasdaq (/wiki/Nasdaq) : REAL (https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/real) Industry Recommerce (/wiki/Recommerce) Founded 2011 ; 13 years ago ( 2011 ) Founder Julie Wainwright (/wiki/Julie_Wainwright) Headquarters San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , California Key people John Koryl ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) ) Rati Sahi Levesque ( president (/wiki/President_(corporate_title)) ) Products Ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) handbags (/wiki/Handbags) footwear (/wiki/Footwear) accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessories) jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) watches (/wiki/Watches) fine art (/wiki/Fine_art) homewear (/wiki/Household_goods) Services Consignment (/wiki/Consignment) Revenue $603 million (2022) [1] (#cite_note-1) Number of employees 3200 (2023) Website therealreal (https://therealreal.com/) .com (https://therealreal.com/) The RealReal, Inc. is an online marketplace (/wiki/Online_marketplace) for users to buy and sell luxury goods that are authenticated by experts. It has more than 34 million members, and has sold nearly 36 million items as of Sept. 30, 2023. [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) History [ edit ] The RealReal was founded in 2011 by Julie Wainwright (/wiki/Julie_Wainwright) , an e-commerce entrepreneur. By July 2018, the company had raised $288 million in venture capital (/wiki/Venture_capital) funding. [4] (#cite_note-4) On May 31, 2019, The RealReal submitted a preliminary filing ( S-1 (/wiki/Form_S-1) ) to the SEC to go public (/wiki/Initial_public_offering) . [5] (#cite_note-5) On June 28, 2019, The RealReal went public on Nasdaq (/wiki/Nasdaq) under the symbol REAL and raised $300 million during its IPO. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) On June 22, 2022, The RealReal announced that its founder and CEO Julie Wainwright had stepped down. [8] (#cite_note-8) The company appointed President and COO Rati Sahi Levesque and its CFO Robert Julian as interim co-CEOs. On January 25, 2023, The RealReal announced the appointment of E-Commerce and Digital Executive John E. Koryl as CEO and Board Member. [9] (#cite_note-9) Services [ edit ] They cover sellers with free virtual appointments, in-home pickup, drop-off and direct shipping. As a full-service, luxury consignment (/wiki/Consignment) [10] (#cite_note-10) service, The RealReal does all of the work for its consignors, including authenticating, using AI and machine learning to determine optimal pricing, photographing and listing items, as well as handling shipping, payments and customer service. [11] (#cite_note-11) Retail footprint [ edit ] In 2017, The RealReal opened its first permanent retail store in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , and has since opened stores across the US including locations in California, Connecticut, Florida, New York and Texas. To date, the company has 15 Luxury Consignment Offices where consignors can drop items off and meet with a valuation specialist, and 12 of those 15 locations allow customers to browse and shop. Counterfeits [ edit ] The RealReal has had multiple claims from luxury designers that items on their website were counterfeit (/wiki/Counterfeit) . In 2018, Chanel filed suit in the Federal Court of the Southern District of New York, alleging The RealReal for hosted counterfeit Chanel on their website and misled customers that an affiliation existed between the two. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2019, Richard Kestenbaum, writing for Forbes, disclosed purchasing a bag from The RealReal for $3,600, sold as an authenticated Christian Dior (/wiki/Dior) bag, that was found to be counterfeit. Kestenbaum claims the only authentication of many pieces at The RealReal is from a single copywriter, whose main task is to write the descriptions of the merchandise being sold, instead of the expert authenticators The RealReal advertises. [14] (#cite_note-:0-14) In a 2021 update, Kestenbaum wrote about a customer who paid $1,000 for a pair of Christian Dior sneakers from The RealReal, but upon receiving them, was suspicious of their quality and sent the shoes to be authenticated by LegitGrails, a third party authenticator. LegitGrails uses no fewer than four authenticators to authenticate a single item, compared to The RealReal's alleged use of a single copywriter for authentication, and determined the customer's shoes were a "lower grade replica" [15] (#cite_note-:1-15) of Dior sneakers. The RealReal refunded the customer; when Forbes asked the company for a comment, it stated it has the "most rigorous authentication process in the marketplace" [15] (#cite_note-:1-15) and has added artificial intelligence to its authentication process. Forbes claims the large amount of merchandise processed by The RealReal to maintain profit margins (the company went public in 2019) makes it inevitable that counterfeit products slip past its authentication and into the hands of customers. [15] (#cite_note-:1-15) In early 2020, TheRealReal was sued in a class action lawsuit regarding misstatements to investors, alleging that authenticators were given very little training and strict quotas that resulted in the potential for counterfeit or mislabeled items to make it through the company's authentication process more often than purported. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-17) The RealReal alerts law enforcement of counterfeit items it receives. Items sent to The RealReal deemed "friendly fakes", [18] (#cite_note-:2-18) counterfeit items purchased unintentionally, are usually returned to the client; others are destroyed or retained for training purposes. [18] (#cite_note-:2-18) Sustainability [ edit ] In 2017, The RealReal announced a sustainability partnership with luxury fashion brand Stella McCartney (/wiki/Stella_McCartney) , which launched in 2018. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) It also established the first Monday in October as National Consignment Day, an annual holiday. The following year, to mark National Consignment day, The RealReal launched a custom sustainability (/wiki/Sustainability) calculator. Developed with environmental consulting firm Shift Advantage, it measures the environmental impact (/wiki/Environmental_impact) of consignments processed by the company. [21] (#cite_note-21) [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) In 2019, the company marked National Consignment Day by launching a second sustainability partnership with luxury brand Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) . [24] (#cite_note-24) For National Consignment Day 2020, The RealReal announced its third sustainability partnership with Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) . [25] (#cite_note-25) When consumers consign or buy Gucci on The RealReal through the end of 2020, a donation will be made to One Tree Planted to support its mission to protect biodiversity and reforestation. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The RealReal Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Results" (https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/02/23/2390766/0/en/The-RealReal-Announces-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2021-Results.html) (Press release). February 23, 2022. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220425032731/https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/02/23/2390766/0/en/The-RealReal-Announces-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2021-Results.html) from the original on April 25, 2022 . Retrieved April 25, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Reid, Hilary (May 14, 2018). "The RealReal's Radical Vision of Secondhand Luxury" (https://www.newyorker.com/culture/on-and-off-the-avenue/the-realreals-radical-vision-of-secondhand-luxury) . The New Yorker . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0028-792X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180819191206/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/on-and-off-the-avenue/the-realreals-radical-vision-of-secondhand-luxury) from the original on August 19, 2018 . Retrieved January 30, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ryssdal, Kai; Palacios, Daisy (October 17, 2018). "How luxury consignment works at The RealReal" (https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/17/business/corner-office/business-luxury-consignment) . Marketplace . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190404183606/https://www.marketplace.org/2018/10/17/business/corner-office/business-luxury-consignment) from the original on April 4, 2019 . Retrieved January 30, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Kellaher, Colin (July 25, 2018). "Luxury Consignment Retailer RealReal Raises $115 Million" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/luxury-consignment-retailer-realreal-raises-115-million-1532534264) . Wall Street Journal . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190404162115/https://www.wsj.com/articles/luxury-consignment-retailer-realreal-raises-115-million-1532534264) from the original on April 4, 2019 . Retrieved April 4, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "S-1" (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1573221/000119312519163007/d720814ds1.htm) . sec.gov . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190604155807/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1573221/000119312519163007/d720814ds1.htm) from the original on June 4, 2019 . Retrieved June 4, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Maheshwari, Sapna (June 27, 2019). "The RealReal I.P.O.: Secondhand Fashion Goes Mainstream" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/27/business/realreal-ipo-secondhand-fashion.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190715194342/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/27/business/realreal-ipo-secondhand-fashion.html) from the original on July 15, 2019 . Retrieved July 15, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Hytha, Michael; Rockeman, Olivia; Bhasin, Kim (June 28, 2019). Baker, Liana; Moffat, Anne Riley; Roeder, Jonathan (eds.). "The RealReal Raises $300 Million in IPO" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/luxury-reseller-the-realreal-raises-300-million-in-ipo) . The Business of Fashion . Bloomberg. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210821152918/https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/luxury-reseller-the-realreal-raises-300-million-in-ipo) from the original on August 21, 2021 . Retrieved August 21, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Founder Julie Wainwright to Step Down as CEO, Chairperson and Director of The RealReal" (https://investor.therealreal.com/news-releases/news-release-details/founder-julie-wainwright-step-down-ceo-chairperson-and-director) . The RealReal . June 7, 2022. 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"OPINION AND ORDER re: 29 MOTION to Dismiss First Amended Complaint. filed by The RealReal, Inc" (https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/new-york/nysdce/1:2018cv10626/504750/39/) . law.justia.com . United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211225152746/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/new-york/nysdce/1:2018cv10626/504750/39/) from the original on December 25, 2021 . Retrieved March 11, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Ell, Kellie (November 21, 2018). "Chanel and The RealReal Battle It Out Over What's Real and What's Fake" (https://wwd.com/business-news/legal/chanel-is-suing-the-realreal-1202911368/) . Women’s Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%E2%80%99s_Wear_Daily) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210106130815/https://wwd.com/business-news/legal/chanel-is-suing-the-realreal-1202911368/) from the original on January 6, 2021 . 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"Gucci and The RealReal Announce a Game-Changing Partnership" (https://www.vogue.com/article/gucci-the-realreal-partnership-secondhand-consignment) . Vogue . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201010153431/https://www.vogue.com/article/gucci-the-realreal-partnership-secondhand-consignment) from the original on October 10, 2020 . Retrieved October 7, 2020 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.therealreal.com) Business data for The RealReal: Bloomberg (https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/REAL:US) Google (https://www.google.com/finance/quote/REAL) Reuters (https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/REAL.O) SEC filings (https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=REAL) Yahoo! 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Irish fashion designer This article is about the Irish fashion designer. For the German-American actress, see Irene Gilbert (/wiki/Irene_Gilbert) . For the British swimmer, see Irene Gilbert (swimmer) (/wiki/Irene_Gilbert_(swimmer)) . Ireland's first couturier (/wiki/Couturier) Irene Gilbert (1908 – 7 August 1985 [1] (#cite_note-1) ) [2] (#cite_note-little-2) (pronounced "Irini") [3] (#cite_note-Patrick-3) was born in Thurles (/wiki/Thurles) , County Tipperary (/wiki/County_Tipperary) . She was an Irish (/wiki/Irish_people) fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) based in Dublin (/wiki/Dublin) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-OutOfStyle-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) Ireland (/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland) 's first couturier (/wiki/Couturier) , she was a member of the "Big Three" Irish fashion designers, along with Sybil Connolly (/wiki/Sybil_Connolly) and Raymond Kenna (/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Kenna&action=edit&redlink=1) / Kay Peterson (/w/index.php?title=Kay_Peterson&action=edit&redlink=1) . [9] (#cite_note-NJ63-9) [10] (#cite_note-headstuff-10) Designing for royalty (/wiki/Royal_family) and high society (/wiki/High_society_(social_class)) , [3] (#cite_note-Patrick-3) she was famous for her work and friendship with Grace Kelly (/wiki/Grace_Kelly) . [2] (#cite_note-little-2) [6] (#cite_note-OutOfStyle-6) She was the first woman to run a successful fashion business in Ireland, operating out of a shop on St Stephen's Green (/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Green) on the southside (/wiki/Southside,_Dublin) of the city. [6] (#cite_note-OutOfStyle-6) Early life [ edit ] Gilbert was born in Thurles, County Tipperary in 1908. [9] (#cite_note-NJ63-9) [2] (#cite_note-little-2) [11] (#cite_note-US_women-11) Gilbert attended Alexandra College (/wiki/Alexandra_College) , after which she spent a short amount of time at a Belgian finishing school. [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) Work [ edit ] Gilbert's career in the fashion industry (/wiki/Fashion_industry) began when she ran a dress (/wiki/Dress) shop on Wicklow Street (/wiki/Wicklow_Street) in Dublin. [2] (#cite_note-little-2) She then went to London (/wiki/London) to train under a court dressmaker, before returning to open a hat shop on Dublin's North Frederick Street in the late 1940s. [2] (#cite_note-little-2) Having moved to St Stephen's Green (/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Green) , Gilbert opened a shop there in 1947. [11] (#cite_note-US_women-11) [13] (#cite_note-method-13) [6] (#cite_note-OutOfStyle-6) She began selling clothes under her own label (/wiki/Fashion_label) from 1950, since her first show (/wiki/Fashion_show) took place in Restaurant Jammet (/wiki/Restaurant_Jammet) . [6] (#cite_note-OutOfStyle-6) She was known for her work with silk (/wiki/Silk) , tweed (/wiki/Tweed_(cloth)) , [14] (#cite_note-14) linen (/wiki/Linen) and Carrickmacross lace (/wiki/Carrickmacross_lace) . [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [3] (#cite_note-Patrick-3) [13] (#cite_note-method-13) [11] (#cite_note-US_women-11) Future celebrated designer, Pat Crowley (/wiki/Pat_Crowley_(fashion_designer)) , worked for Gilbert for seven years from 1960, as a designer as well as a sales and marketing specialist. [17] (#cite_note-crowley_tribute-17) [18] (#cite_note-CutAbove-18) [19] (#cite_note-Astute-19) The quality of the work contributed to Dublin's reputation as a "must stop-over" for the international fashion media (/wiki/Fashion_journalism) . [20] (#cite_note-20) In 1962, Gilbert co-founded the Irish Haute Couture Group with Ib Jorgensen (/w/index.php?title=Ib_Jorgensen&action=edit&redlink=1) and Nelli Mulcahy (/wiki/Neill%C3%AD_Mulcahy) . [21] (#cite_note-21) She designed one of the ten variations of the Aer Lingus (/wiki/Aer_Lingus) uniform. [22] (#cite_note-22) Gilbert closed the business in 1969 and emigrated (/wiki/Emigration) to Malta (/wiki/Malta) . [13] (#cite_note-method-13) [6] (#cite_note-OutOfStyle-6) She later moved to Cheltenham (/wiki/Cheltenham) in England (/wiki/England) where she died in 1985. [2] (#cite_note-little-2) Legacy [ edit ] Gilbert's creations were prized by Anne, Countess of Rosse (/wiki/Anne_Parsons,_Countess_of_Rosse) whose collection of Gilberts are now curated at Birr Castle (/wiki/Birr_Castle) . [6] (#cite_note-OutOfStyle-6) The National Museum of Ireland (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Ireland) holds some of her letters and drawings, as well as some of her clothes. [12] (#cite_note-:0-12) In January 2018, Gilbert's life and work was part of an exhibition at the Little Museum of Dublin (/wiki/Little_Museum_of_Dublin) . [2] (#cite_note-little-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) The Irish Times, 7 Aug 1985: 1. ^ a b c d e f g "How a young woman from Thurles became Ireland's first 'fashion radical' (http://www.thejournal.ie/irene-gilbert-little-museum-dublin-fashion-3814332-Jan2018/) " (http://www.thejournal.ie/irene-gilbert-little-museum-dublin-fashion-3814332-Jan2018/) . thejournal.ie (/wiki/Thejournal.ie) . 27 January 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180130181952/http://www.thejournal.ie/irene-gilbert-little-museum-dublin-fashion-3814332-Jan2018/) from the original on 30 January 2018 . Retrieved 30 January 2018 . ^ a b c "St. Patrick's Beauties" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17002607/the_bridgeport_post/) . The Bridgeport Post (/wiki/The_Bridgeport_Post) . Bridgeport, Connecticut (/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut) . 11 March 1962. p. 29 . Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Vanderbilt, Amy (/wiki/Amy_Vanderbilt) (20 April 1969). "Wonders of the Old World Children" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17027956/lansing_state_journal/) . Lansing State Journal (/wiki/Lansing_State_Journal) . Lansing, Michigan (/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan) . p. 133 . Retrieved 31 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Cavanagh, Dale (15 March 1969). "You're sew right - Straightening Fabrics" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17027903/the_ottawa_journal/) . Ottawa Journal (/wiki/Ottawa_Journal) . Ottawa (/wiki/Ottawa) . p. 19 . Retrieved 31 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ a b c d e f g O'Byrne, Robert (1 April 2000). "Out of style, out of mind" (https://www.irishtimes.com/news/out-of-style-out-of-mind-1.262402) . The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) . Retrieved 30 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Afternoon Ensemble" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17027516/newsjournal/) . News-Journal (/wiki/Mansfield_News_Journal) . Mansfield, Ohio (/wiki/Mansfield,_Ohio) . 4 February 1954. p. 10 . Retrieved 31 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Irene Gilbert Coat Dress Has Soft Bodice Lines" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17027485/the_los_angeles_times/) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Los Angeles, California (/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California) . 13 November 1954. p. 12 . Retrieved 31 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ a b "Regard Dublin Stylists As Distinctly Different" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17003277/the_central_new_jersey_home_news/) . The Central New Jersey Home News (/wiki/The_Central_New_Jersey_Home_News) . New Brunswick, New Jersey (/wiki/New_Brunswick,_New_Jersey) . Associated Press (/wiki/Associated_Press) . 21 April 1963. p. 15 . Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-headstuff_10-0) O Sullivan, Kathleen (16 November 2016). " (https://www.headstuff.org/history/sybil-connolly/) 'Fashion With An Irish Brogue': The Life And Legacy Of Sybil Connolly" (https://www.headstuff.org/history/sybil-connolly/) . headstuff.org . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171223102817/https://www.headstuff.org/history/sybil-connolly/) from the original on 23 December 2017 . Retrieved 30 January 2018 . ^ a b c "Irish Designers Are Looking at US Women" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17027584/the_baytown_sun/) . The Baytown Sun (/wiki/The_Baytown_Sun) . Baytown, Texas (/wiki/Baytown,_Texas) . 6 May 1954. p. 10 . Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ a b "Gilbert, Irene | Dictionary of Irish Biography" (https://www.dib.ie/biography/gilbert-irene-a3468) . www.dib.ie . Retrieved 9 June 2021 . ^ a b c Adburgham, Alison (/wiki/Alison_Adburgham) (11 March 1969). "More method, less romance in Dublin" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17027847/the_guardian/) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . London (/wiki/London) . p. 7 . Retrieved 31 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "A Designing Pair" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17027345/the_sydney_morning_herald/) . The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) . 7 August 1955. p. 89 . Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "FASHION STORY by Spodeo: Dublin Has Dandy Duds" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17027269/the_poststandard/) . The Post-Standard (/wiki/The_Post-Standard) . Syracuse, New York (/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York) . 14 March 1960. p. 9 . Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Spadea, Jean (26 August 1956). "The Irish Collections: Golden Genius on the Emerald Isle" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17003217/the_star_press/) . The Star Press (/wiki/The_Star_Press) . Muncie, Indiana (/wiki/Muncie,_Indiana) . p. 12 . Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-crowley_tribute_17-0) "Pat Crowley: A Tribute" (https://www.image.ie/fashion/pat-crowley-a-tribute-2096) . IMAGE.ie (/wiki/IMAGE.ie) . 19 December 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180130174856/https://www.image.ie/fashion/pat-crowley-a-tribute-2096) from the original on 30 January 2018 . Retrieved 30 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-CutAbove_18-0) Hourican, Emily (23 December 2013). "Always a cut above the rest" (https://www.independent.ie/style/fashion/always-a-cut-above-the-rest-29856720.html) . Independent.ie (/wiki/Independent.ie) . Retrieved 30 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-Astute_19-0) "Fashion designer and astute businesswoman" (https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/fashion-designer-and-astute-businesswoman-1.1635801) . The Irish Times (/wiki/The_Irish_Times) . 21 December 2013 . Retrieved 30 January 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Dublin Fashions Irene Gilbert Combines Design, Timeless Styling" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17003010/the_akron_beacon_journal/) . The Akron Beacon-Journal (/wiki/The_Akron_Beacon-Journal) . Akron, Ohio (/wiki/Akron,_Ohio) . 16 August 1959. p. 82 . Retrieved 30 January 2018 – via Newspapers.com (/wiki/Newspapers.com) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Neilli Mulcahy" (https://www.independent.ie/world-news/neilli-mulcahy-26852741.html) . independent . Retrieved 11 September 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Aer Lingus crew to get sartorial upgrade" (https://www.irishtimes.com/business/transport-and-tourism/aer-lingus-crew-to-get-sartorial-upgrade-1.3427409) . The Irish Times . Retrieved 3 June 2018 . Further reading [ edit ] O'Byrne, Robert (2000). After a Fashion: A History of the Irish Fashion Industry . Dublin: Town House and Country House. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1860591159 . 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Documentary films about fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐b7d4d997‐qzxwk Cached time: 20240628150441 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.003 seconds Real time usage: 0.068 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41589903-0!canonical and timestamp 20240628150441 and revision id 996765172. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Documentary films about fashion designers" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 306 Hollywood (/wiki/306_Hollywood) C Cardin in Australia (/wiki/Cardin_in_Australia) D Dior and I (/wiki/Dior_and_I) H High & Low – John Galliano (/wiki/High_%26_Low_%E2%80%93_John_Galliano) J Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer (/wiki/Jeremy_Scott:_The_People%27s_Designer) M Made in Milan (/wiki/Made_in_Milan) Marithé + François = Girbaud (/wiki/Marith%C3%A9_%2B_Fran%C3%A7ois_%3D_Girbaud) McQueen (film) (/wiki/McQueen_(film)) N Notebook on Cities and Clothes (/wiki/Notebook_on_Cities_and_Clothes) S Salvatore: Shoemaker of Dreams (/wiki/Salvatore:_Shoemaker_of_Dreams) The September Issue (/wiki/The_September_Issue) U Unzipped (film) (/wiki/Unzipped_(film)) V Valentino: The Last Emperor (/wiki/Valentino:_The_Last_Emperor) W Women He's Undressed (/wiki/Women_He%27s_Undressed) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Documentary_films_about_fashion_designers&oldid=996765172 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Documentary_films_about_fashion_designers&oldid=996765172) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Films about fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Films_about_fashion_designers) Biographical documentary films (/wiki/Category:Biographical_documentary_films)
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Josefa Sánchez de González Member of the Chamber of Deputies (/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_the_Dominican_Republic) In office 1942– Constituency Santiago (/wiki/Santiago_Province_(Dominican_Republic)) Josefa Sánchez de González was a Dominican Republic (/wiki/Dominican_Republic) teacher and politician. In 1942 she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies (/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_the_Dominican_Republic) , becoming one of the first group of Dominican Congresswomen. Biography [ edit ] A teacher by profession, Sánchez de González was a candidate in Santiago Province (/wiki/Santiago_Province_(Dominican_Republic)) the 1942 general elections (/wiki/1942_Dominican_Republic_general_election) , the first after women were granted the right to vote. With the Dominican Party (/wiki/Dominican_Party) of president Rafael Trujillo (/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo) being the sole legal party, she was elected unopposed and became one of the first three women in the Congress (/wiki/Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-A-2) The following year, she served as General Secretary of the first Dominican Women's Congress. [2] (#cite_note-A-2) In 1945 she was appointed director of the women's section of the Dominican Party. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Julien Moritzen (1943) Political Emancipation of Women in the Dominican Republic (https://books.google.com/books?id=82MqAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA149) Bulletin of the Pan American Union , Volume 77, pp149–154 ^ a b Ylonka Nacidit Perdomo: 100 Metros (https://acento.com.do/cultura/ylonka-nacidit-perdomo-100-metros-8436060.html) Acento, 2 March 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Dominican notes (https://books.google.com/books?id=8GYqAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA30) Bulletin of the Pan American Union, volume 79 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f4d649c4d‐746mj Cached time: 20240716164834 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.172 seconds Real time usage: 0.211 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7094/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6444/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 968/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7264/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.061/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2148453/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 200.893 1 -total 92.35% 185.534 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder 45.42% 91.245 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office 6.74% 13.541 1 Template:Country2nationality 6.35% 12.752 2 Template:Detect_singular 6.25% 12.549 1 Template:Reflist 5.77% 11.597 1 Template:ISO_3166_code 2.32% 4.660 1 Template:Nowrap 2.23% 4.471 1 Template:PAGENAMEBASE 2.21% 4.437 1 Template:Count Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:65744578-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716164834 and revision id 1170592042. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josefa_Sánchez_de_González&oldid=1170592042 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josefa_Sánchez_de_González&oldid=1170592042) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Dominican Republic educators (/wiki/Category:Dominican_Republic_educators) Dominican Republic women educators (/wiki/Category:Dominican_Republic_women_educators) 20th-century Dominican Republic women politicians (/wiki/Category:20th-century_Dominican_Republic_women_politicians) 20th-century Dominican Republic politicians (/wiki/Category:20th-century_Dominican_Republic_politicians) Dominican Party politicians (/wiki/Category:Dominican_Party_politicians) Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic (/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_of_the_Dominican_Republic) Women members of the Congress of the Dominican Republic (/wiki/Category:Women_members_of_the_Congress_of_the_Dominican_Republic) Hidden categories: Year of birth missing (/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing) Year of death missing (/wiki/Category:Year_of_death_missing)
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2010s fashion trend This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Unicorn_trend) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Unicorn_trend) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone) used on Wikipedia . See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone) for suggestions. ( March 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay (/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought) that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unicorn_trend&action=edit) by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style (/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone) . ( March 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article possibly contains original research (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research) . Please improve it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unicorn_trend&action=edit) by verifying (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) the claims made and adding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( March 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article includes a list of general references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help to improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( December 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A person wearing a unicorn onesie (/wiki/Onesie_(jumpsuit)) The unicorn trend is a 2010s fad where individuals design, produce and use consumer objects adorned with a rainbow and/or vibrant color palette; typically composed of pastel (/wiki/Pastel) or highly saturated colors such as pink, violet, yellow, blue and green. [1] (#cite_note-1) This tendency has gained in popularity since 2016, especially among millennials (/wiki/Millennials) . Some in this generation associate the unicorn (/wiki/Unicorn) with a return to childhood and an escape from reality. Its popularity was also augmented by the influencer (/wiki/Influencers) and celebrity economy of social networks. Some examples of consumer products that are commonly decorated in this style are phone cases, clothing, water bottles, tote bags, makeup and food. [2] (#cite_note-thompson-2) Trend development [ edit ] The unicorn has had an aesthetic and commercial value for centuries. The first written references to these animals dates back to the 4th Century BCE. Later on, the Unicorn became a popular folklore (/wiki/Folklore) figure, symbols of chastity and purity, as they could only be captured by a virgin. Since the ancient Greeks (/wiki/Greeks) , the unicorn was pictured in the mythology (/wiki/Mythology) as an elegant beast similar to a white horse with a long and spiraling horn projecting from its forehead. The unicorn briefly appears even in the Old Testament (/wiki/Old_Testament) of the Bible (/wiki/Bible) under the name of re’em (/wiki/Re%27em) (also reem , Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) : רְאֵם), making its way in the Western art and culture during the Medieval and Renaissance Ages. [3] (#cite_note-3) Over time the unicorn was re-imagined as a toy, characterised by pastel bright colours and sparkly eyes that were popular among young girls during the 1980s. Contemporary consumption [ edit ] The physical perception of the unicorn has evolved during the years from a white, pure and elegant horse (as portrayed for example in the film Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_(film)) ) to the sparkly and colorful creatures of the media franchise My Little Pony (/wiki/My_Little_Pony) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The start of the trend [ edit ] Health food photographer Adeline Waugh [5] (#cite_note-5) unintentionally started the unicorn food trend in June 2016. As a food blogger (/wiki/Food_blogger) she liked experimenting with cream cheese and natural pigments on toasts, which is how she came up with a pastel-coloured cream to decorate her toasts. Her followers appreciated the experiment and started calling it "unicorn toast". This was followed by unicorn lattes, cakes, hot chocolate, etc. The trend developed further as the colour scheme was used a variety of products, mainly beauty products. Marketers soon recognised the power of this fad and started exploiting it for commercial purposes, Starbucks (/wiki/Starbucks) for example launched a unicorn Frappuccino in 2017 and really contributed to the boom of the unicorn fad. The LGBT (/wiki/LGBT) community also started to embrace this unicorn fever, as its colors are reminiscent of the community’s signature flag. As Vaughn Scribner points out this infatuation with unicorns is not new, however, with social media it has been spreading on a much wider scale. In 2016, it became a whole cultural phenomenon. The trend expert Daniel Levine helped explaining why the unicorn mania became a fad. According to Levine three are the key points that create a fad: "an established cultural interest in something that combines with the current zeitgeist (/wiki/Zeitgeist) " , "publicity by celebrities" and "a high visual interest that gets the attention on social media". Part of the reason why unicorns are so beloved is that they remind us of our childhood, and they help people escape from reality. Just like creatures such as vampires or werewolves were popular when times were more joyful, unicorns became popular during a time when politics and culture were dark and oppressive. Unicorns are also connected to the millennials nostalgia (/wiki/Nostalgia) , which is evident everywhere on social media platforms. The unicorn reminds many of their carefree and happy childhood. In 2010, the TV cartoon My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (/wiki/My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic) played a big role in that, it draws on the My Little Pony franchise of the 1980s. The Unicorn mania can also be linked to Lisa Frank (/wiki/Lisa_Frank) , the founder of the a school supply company called Lisa Frank Incorporated (/wiki/Lisa_Frank_Incorporated) . It sold a lot of school supply and stickers characterised by colourful and neon colours. Lisa Frank, like My Little Pony, had a strong impact on kids that are now millennials. The Unicorn Fad [ edit ] According to Google Trend, the global search of the term unicorn reached its highest point during April 2017 when Starbucks launched its Unicorn Frappuccino (/wiki/Unicorn_Frappuccino) . [2] (#cite_note-thompson-2) From August 2016 through July 2017 searches on Pinterest for unicorn food saw an increase of nearly 400%. While those for unicorn makeup reached more than 460%. On Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) , the hashtag unicorn has amassed more than 5.9 million posts. [6] (#cite_note-6) Since then, the search interest has dropped off during 2018. New fads have taken over the unicorn fever, like the mermaid trend for example. For this reason, more than a trend it could be referred to as a fad (/wiki/Fad) . Even if sometimes the two terms are used interchangeably, they differ in their rise, incubation period and duration. The trend rises slowly and is driven by a functional need, a fad is an ephemeral and emotional necessity to purchase that rises from a sudden hype towards something. Therefore, it rises as quickly as it disappears. Subcategories of the trend [ edit ] Unicorn food [ edit ] Unicorn cookies The term "Unicorn food" often refers to the use of colorful or sparkly food items in dishes rather than the appearance of a unicorn figure. The Unicorn Frappuccino (/wiki/Unicorn_Frappuccino) consisted in a purple color-changing drink with some blue tones and with a sweet and a fruity dominant taste. [7] (#cite_note-7) Since then, any kind of food, from sweet to savory recipes, has started to take the shape of a pastel colored unicorn. Food bloggers, writers, YouTubers (/wiki/YouTubers) , celebrities, and ordinary people created recipes and applied them to various kind of foods. There are books, blogs, YouTube videos, and websites dedicated to the reproduction and the purchase of sparkly and colorful ingredients and meals. Many different types of food were adapted to the unicorn style: biscuits, yogurt bowls, cakes fudges, milkshakes, cupcakes, ice-creams, marshmallows, meringues, banana breads, doughs, popcorn, sushi, noodles, soups, sandwiches, grilled cheese, pizza. Unicorn beauty [ edit ] The Unicorn beauty trend involves the use of pastel colors (soft pink, green, blue and lavender), holographic (/wiki/Holography) shades, glitters (/wiki/Glitter) and unicorn horn-shaped objects for makeup, nail art (/wiki/Nail_art) , and hairstyling (/wiki/Hairstyle) . It is believed that the trend entered the beauty industry around 2008 [8] (#cite_note-8) when an online vegan and cruelty-free brand for makeup and hair color (Lime Crime) was founded and used the tagline "Makeup for Unicorns" to commercialize its rainbowed products. In 2014, the hair colorist and youtuber (/wiki/YouTuber) , Guy Tang, shared a series of photos on Instagram with a unicorn-colored hairstyle, that made him popular worldwide. By 2017, the unicorn trend had spread into the beauty world thanks to social media platforms such as Instagram, YouTube and Pinterest and partly overtook its counterpart, the Mermaid Trend. In the same year, Lisa Frank made a collaboration with the brand Glamour Dolls Makeup [9] (#cite_note-9) and released a cruelty-free makeup collection with the packaging covered by her iconic rainbowed animal prints. In 2018, Paris Hilton (/wiki/Paris_Hilton) launched a skincare line, starting with the release of a limited edition rose water named "Unicorn Mist". [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2019, during the National Unicorn Day (celebrated on April 9 in the U.S.), Paris Hilton announced on social media the re-release of the sold-out product. [11] (#cite_note-11) Thanks to the popularity of this trend in this sector, products labelled as "unicorn snot" (holographic glitter body gel), "unicorn tears" (lipsticks and lip-glosses) and "unicorn essence" (serum for the skin) are offered in the market. [12] (#cite_note-12) Some beauty products related to this trend are: unicorn-inspired highlighters, eye palettes, lipsticks, nail polish, soaps, unicorn horn makeup brushes and hairstyles. Unicorn design [ edit ] The Unicorn Trend has featured in the world of design with the creation of daily use objects and gadgets (/wiki/Gadget) with the appearance and colors of unicorns. The designs are often found on pillows, sheets and bed-covers, drinking cups, and flatware. One of the most popular items was the unicorn pool float (/wiki/Pool_float) , an inflatable plastic unicorn. [13] (#cite_note-13) Unicorn fashion [ edit ] Rapidly the popularity of unicorn-themed objects also reached the fashion industry. Clothes, shoes and accessories were involved, but also phone covers and tattoos. Materials such as sheer fabrics (/wiki/Sheer_fabric) and fake fur (/wiki/Fake_fur) started to be used more frequently associated with rainbow or pastel colors and unicorn images. In 2016, actress Margot Robbie (/wiki/Margot_Robbie) wore an Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen_(brand)) gown adorned with a gold sequin unicorn to the premiere of the film Suicide Squad (/wiki/Suicide_Squad_(2016_film)) . During the 2017, Milan Fashion Week (/wiki/Milan_Fashion_Week) , Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) unveiled a capsule collection in collaboration with the 80s children toy brand "My Little Pony". [14] (#cite_note-14) Models were parading on the runway clothed with bubble-gum pink and baby blue looks displaying the toys' graphic. During the 2018, Paris Fashion Week (/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week) , American designer Thom Browne (/wiki/Thom_Browne) ended his show with a model walking out on the runway having a unicorn on leash. The unicorn consisted of two male models wearing an elaborate white tulle (/wiki/Tulle_(netting)) costume coordinated with the look of the model. [15] (#cite_note-15) See also [ edit ] Fad (/wiki/Fad) Influencer (/wiki/Influencer) Unicorn (/wiki/Unicorn) Unicorn Food (/wiki/Unicorn_food) Unicorn Frappuccino (/wiki/Unicorn_Frappuccino) My Little Pony (/wiki/My_Little_Pony) LGBT (/wiki/LGBT) Rainbow (/wiki/Rainbow) Seapunk (/wiki/Seapunk) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Abad-Santos, Alex. "The Inescapable Unicorn Trend, Explained" (https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/5/17/15597954/unicorn-trend-explained) , Vox, 17 May 2017 ^ Jump up to: a b Thompson, Rachel. "The Unicorn Trend is no Longer a Rarity. Can We Please Call Time on It?" (https://mashable.com/2017/07/07/unicorn-trend-is-dead/?europe=true) , Mashable, 7 July 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Unicorn." Britannica Academic, Encyclopædia Britannica, 17 December 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Fisher, Alice. "Why the unicorn has become the emblem of our times" (https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/oct/15/return-of-the-unicorn-the-magical-beast-of-our-times) , The Guardian, 15 October 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Davis, Arianna. "What’s Really Behind Unicorn Fever" (https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2017/05/152423/unicorn-trend-explanation-history) , Refinery29, 8 May 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-6) Jensen, Erin. "Unicorns: We’ve Official Reached Peak Unicron Trend. But Is It Here to Stay?" (https://eu.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2017/08/22/unicorns-weve-officially-reached-peak-trend-whats-next/526036001/) , USA Today, 15 December 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Starbucks Weaves its Magic with New Color and Flavor Changing Unicorn Frappuccino" (https://stories.starbucks.com/stories/2017/starbucks-unicorn-frappuccino/) , Starbucks Stories & News, 18 April 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Unique, Elisa. "For Millennials, the Unicorn Has a Much Deeper Meaning" (https://www.theodysseyonline.com/nostalgia-social-media-meet-unicorn-trend) , Odyssey, 27 November 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-9) Sciarretto, Amy. "What’s in Glamour Dolls’ Lisa Frank Makeup Collection? Your Inner ‘90s Kid Will Be Stoked" (https://www.bustle.com/p/whats-in-glamour-dolls-lisa-frank-makeup-collection-your-inner-90s-kid-will-be-stoked-3216504) , 3 November 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-10) Mandell, Janna. "Paris Hilton Launches Skincare Line with Unicorn Mist; Cue Shocked Face" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/jannamandell/2017/11/30/paris-hilton-launches-skincare-line-with-unicorn-mist-cue-shocked-face/#7d00f9f6592c) , Forbes, 30 November 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Trivedi, Sachin. "Paris Hilton Celebrates National Unicorn Day by Re-Releasing Sold Out Product" (https://www.ibtimes.com/paris-hilton-celebrates-national-unicorn-day-re-releasing-sold-out-product-2784540) , International Business Times, 2 October 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-12) Wischhover, Cheryl. "How Did ‘Unicorn’ Become Beauty’s Goal Aesthetic?" (https://www.racked.com/2017/3/20/14944158/unicorn-beauty-trend) , Racked, 20 May 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-13) Mason, Melissa. "These Extremely Portly 6-Person Pool Floats Are Demonic & Must Be Eliminated" (https://www.pedestrian.tv/home/6-person-pool-float-unicorn-flamingo/) , Pedestrian, 13 March 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Moschino Launches Nostalgic My Little Pony Collection" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a43943/moschino-my-little-pony-collection/) , Harper’s Bazaar UK, 22 September 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-15) G. Muller, Marissa. "Thom Browne Takes the Unicorn Trend to a New Peak with His Spring 2018 Show in Paris" (https://www.wmagazine.com/story/thom-browne-unicorn-trend-peak-spring-2018-paris-fashion-week/) , W Magazine, 3 October 2017 External links [ edit ] Barrett, Jessica. "The Unicorn Trend is a Perfect Nexus of Awfulness" (https://inews.co.uk/inews-lifestyle/unicorn-trend-perfect-nexus-awfulness-526172) , iNews, 27 April 2017 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7999cd8dc7‐jswkq Cached time: 20240711030005 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.187 seconds Real time usage: 0.280 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1132/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 51241/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 14451/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17531/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.084/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2356545/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 223.244 1 -total 79.24% 176.902 5 Template:Ambox 51.95% 115.975 1 Template:Multiple_issues 29.25% 65.301 1 Template:Short_description 19.15% 42.750 1 Template:Tone 18.00% 40.175 2 Template:Pagetype 9.87% 22.026 1 Template:Original_research 7.76% 17.334 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 7.48% 16.692 1 Template:Reflist 7.11% 15.869 3 Template:DMCA Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:63254563-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711030005 and revision id 1220042183. 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Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Sports gloves (/w/index.php?title=Sports_gloves&action=edit&redlink=1) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sports gloves (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sports_gloves) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐rf5rj Cached time: 20240720201631 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.084 seconds Real time usage: 0.131 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 166/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4039/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 274/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2569/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.053/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1511831/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 117.491 1 -total 47.40% 55.696 1 Template:Commons_category 45.59% 53.569 1 Template:Sister_project 44.10% 51.816 1 Template:Side_box 35.86% 42.137 1 Template:Portal 26.75% 31.429 2 Template:If_then_show 16.48% 19.357 1 Template:Cat_main Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:57384897-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720201631 and revision id 1127512396. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Sports gloves" The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Ash guard (/wiki/Ash_guard) B Baseball glove (/wiki/Baseball_glove) Batting glove (/wiki/Batting_glove) Boxing glove (/wiki/Boxing_glove) C Cestus (boxing) (/wiki/Cestus_(boxing)) Cycling glove (/wiki/Cycling_glove) D Driving glove (/wiki/Driving_glove) G Golf gloves (/wiki/Golf_gloves) I Glove (ice hockey) (/wiki/Glove_(ice_hockey)) L Lacrosse glove (/wiki/Lacrosse_glove) M MMA gloves (/wiki/MMA_gloves) R Reusch (company) (/wiki/Reusch_(company)) T Trapper (ice hockey) (/wiki/Trapper_(ice_hockey)) W Weightlifting gloves (/wiki/Weightlifting_gloves) Wicket-keeper's gloves (/wiki/Wicket-keeper%27s_gloves) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Sports_gloves&oldid=1127512396 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Sports_gloves&oldid=1127512396) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Gloves (/wiki/Category:Gloves) Sportswear (/wiki/Category:Sportswear) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
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City attraction Giant shoes of Marikina Designer Colossal Footwear Year 2002 Type Men's shoes (size 753; French shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) standard) Material Leather (/wiki/Leather) On display at Marikina Sports Park (/wiki/Marikina_Sports_Park) (formerly) Marikina Shoe Gallery (formerly) A pair of giant shoes made in Marikina (/wiki/Marikina) , Philippines are a city attraction and were known for being the world's largest shoes according to Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) . The city, nicknamed "Shoe Capital of the Philippines", is known for its shoe-making (/wiki/Shoe-making) industry. Conception [ edit ] The Marikina city government, known for its shoe-making industry, under Mayor Marides Fernando (/wiki/Marides_Fernando) is responsible for the creation of two giant shoes. The crafting of the shoes were part of a bid to break the Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) on the "largest shoes in the world" as well as an attempt to boost the city's reputation in shoe-making globally. [1] (#cite_note-gulfnews-1) Crafting and dimensions [ edit ] The giant shoes on display at the Marikina Shoe Gallery at the Riverbank Mall (/wiki/Riverbanks_Center) . Giant boots (/wiki/Boot) at Marikina Shoe Museum (/wiki/Marikina_Shoe_Museum) replacing the damaged Giant shoes of Marikina Marikina's giant shoes were made by Colossal Footwear, a 9-shoemaker team consisting of Norman Arada, Florinio de Asis, Daniel Cotter, Noel Cox, Arman Javier, Cesar Paz, Arthur Rivera, Emmanuel Samson, and Romel Villareal. [1] (#cite_note-gulfnews-1) [2] (#cite_note-earnGuiness-2) They decided to make a pair of men's shoes for stability and were hesitant of making high-heeled women's shoes. Bulacan (/wiki/Bulacan) -based The Valenzuela Tannery was responsible for supplying the natural leather used for the making of the giant shoes. The shoes, which has a size of 753 according to French shoe size standards, took 77 days of crafting to be finished. The shoes costed ₱1.2 million (US$23,076) and each has a dimension of 5.5 m × 2.35 m × 1.83 m (18.0 ft × 7.7 ft × 6.0 ft) [1] (#cite_note-gulfnews-1) The footwear are Oxford shoes (/wiki/Oxford_shoes) . [2] (#cite_note-earnGuiness-2) Unveiling and subsequent display [ edit ] The giant shoes of Marikina were formally unveiled in October 2002. [1] (#cite_note-gulfnews-1) The shoes were officially recognized as the largest in the world in December 2020 by Guinness World Records (/wiki/Guinness_World_Records) , surpassing the 3.12 m (10.2 ft) long right shoe designed by Zahit Okurlar of Turkey (/wiki/Turkey) . [2] (#cite_note-earnGuiness-2) The footwear was subsequently displayed at the Marikina Sports Park (/wiki/Marikina_Sports_Park) [2] (#cite_note-earnGuiness-2) and later at the Marikina Shoe Gallery at the Riverbank Mall (/wiki/Riverbanks_Center) until the latter's closure in late 2020. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) By 2013, the Marikina giant shoes had already lost the Guinness World Records distinction. In April 2013, Hong Kong shoe distributor Electric Sekki manufactured a 6.5 m × 2.39 m × 1.65 m (21.3 ft × 7.8 ft × 5.4 ft) replica of a Superga (/wiki/Superga) 2750 shoe. [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) The shoes are distinct from the giant red shoe which was formerly displayed on a barge in the middle of the Marikina River (/wiki/Marikina_River) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In November 12, 2020, that landmark at the Riverbanks Center (/wiki/Riverbanks_Center) hit a bridge before it became completely damaged by Typhoon Vamco (/wiki/Typhoon_Vamco) Typhoon Ulysses. [8] (#cite_note-8) External links [ edit ] Media related to Giant shoes of Marikina City (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Giant_shoes_of_Marikina_City) at Wikimedia Commons References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Dacanay, Barbara Mae (October 22, 2002). "World's 'biggest shoe' unveiled" (https://gulfnews.com/uae/worlds-biggest-shoe-unveiled-1.401459) . Gulf News . Retrieved September 8, 2021 . ^ a b c d "Marikina's giant shoes earn Guinness plum" (https://www.philstar.com/metro/2002/12/27/189370/marikina146s-giant-shoes-earn-guinness-plum) . The Philippine Star . December 27, 2002 . Retrieved September 8, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Philippines' footwear fights back against cheap imports - Taipei Times" (http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2010/10/04/2003484474) . Taipei Times . October 4, 2010 . Retrieved September 8, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Survival steps get steeper for Marikina shoemakers" (https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1373453/survival-steps-get-steeper-for-marikina-shoemakers) . Philippine Daily Inquirer . December 19, 2020 . Retrieved September 8, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Largest shoe" (https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-shoe/) . Guinness World Records . Guinness World Records Ltd . Retrieved September 8, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Vookoti, Siddhartha (June 8, 2020). "Largest Pair of Shoes in the World, Photograph: Fact Check" (http://www.hoaxorfact.com/for-your-information/largest-pair-shoes-world-photograph.html) . Hoax Or Fact . Retrieved September 8, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Whaley, Floyd (August 9, 2012). "In a City Known for Its Shoes, Water Up to Its Knees" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/10/world/asia/city-in-philippines-known-for-shoes-is-up-to-its-knees-in-water.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved September 8, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Bigtas, Jannielyn (January 16, 2024). "Giant shoe landmark swept away by flood brought by Typhoon Ulysses in Marikina River" (https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/763856/giant-shoe-landmark-swept-away-by-flood-brought-by-typhoon-ulysses-in-marikina-river/story/) . GMA Integrated News (/wiki/GMA_Integrated_News) . 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Asian shoe and accessories brand This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dr._Kong_(brand)) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Dr._Kong_(brand)) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Dr._Kong_(brand)&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Dr.+Kong+%28brand%29&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Dr.+Kong+%28brand%29) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Dr._Kong_(brand)) for suggestions. ( March 2023 ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Dr. Kong" brand (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dr.+Kong%22+brand) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dr.+Kong%22+brand+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dr.+Kong%22+brand&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dr.+Kong%22+brand+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dr.+Kong%22+brand) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dr.+Kong%22+brand&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A Dr. Kong's store Dr. Kong , also known as Dr. Kong Healthy Shoes Store , is an Asian shoe (/wiki/Shoe) and accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) brand. Information [ edit ] The brand was established in 1999 in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) . [1] (#cite_note-CHINA-1) [2] (#cite_note-DRK-2) It currently has over 800 locations in 10 countries. [2] (#cite_note-DRK-2) The brand is notable for featuring a "Check & Fit" foot test and mat service at various locations operated by professional foot fitness assistants. [2] (#cite_note-DRK-2) [3] (#cite_note-KSINA-3) The brand offers a wide variety of items including men's and women's shoes, [4] (#cite_note-KUA-4) children's and elderly shoes, socks, insoles and backpacks (/wiki/Backpack) . [5] (#cite_note-SG-5) Their shoes are described as offering orthotic (/wiki/Orthotic) features including a spacious toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) , [6] (#cite_note-DFP-6) special designs for insoles and heel cups [7] (#cite_note-HKET-7) [8] (#cite_note-LONG-8) [9] (#cite_note-ECH-9) [10] (#cite_note-TC-10) [11] (#cite_note-HSC-11) [12] (#cite_note-SOHU-12) and has been a first choice for parents concerned about children's shoes. [13] (#cite_note-ESQ-13) The brand has also been involved in multiple studies to research their products effects. [14] (#cite_note-JOO-14) [15] (#cite_note-FOOT-15) Upon visiting the store for the first time, a staff member will test the customer's foot and then make a recommendation according to the results. Dr. Kong also recommends shoes from other stores that match their shoe-pads. Returning customers have their feet checked again to test if any improvement had been made. [16] (#cite_note-FOD-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-CHINA_1-0) "Dr. Kong Holdings Limited" (http://china.ncslndx.cn/c-drkong/) . ^ a b c 江博士，足脊健康守护者 [ Dr. Jiang, guardian of foot and spine health ] (in Chinese), Dr-Kong.com, 2023 , retrieved 13 March 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-KSINA_3-0) "科学运动需要保护好足部 选对儿童鞋是关键" (https://k.sina.com.cn/article_1948388957_74220e5d020013ir1.html#/) [Scientific sports need to protect the feet, choosing the right children's shoes is the key] (in Chinese). Sina.com. 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-KUA_4-0) "Dr.Kong女鞋：女鞋，重返青春校园风" (https://www.360kuai.com/pc/923ca2e3f242a5b61?cota=3&kuai_so=1&sign=360_57c3bbd1&refer_scene=so_1) [Dr.Kong women's shoes: women's shoes, returning to the youthful campus style] (in Chinese). 360kuai.com. 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-SG_5-0) Accessories , drkong.com, 2023 , retrieved 13 March 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-DFP_6-0) Diabetic Foot Problems', publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company , published: 2008 ^ (#cite_ref-HKET_7-0) 童鞋要「買大幾個碼」？ 物理治療師教你判斷最佳尺碼 [ How many sizes should I buy for children's shoes? Physiotherapist teaches you to judge the best size ] (in Chinese), hket.com, 2017 , retrieved 13 March 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-LONG_8-0) "On World Health Day, Dr. Jiang's Healthy Shoes are intended to protect children's foot health" (https://www.longau.com/article/2022-10-12/1665572092392.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-ECH_9-0) 儿童足部健康很重要，选对儿童鞋更好呵护 [ Children's foot health is very important, choose the right children's shoes for better care ] (in Chinese), echinagov.com, 2022 , retrieved 13 March 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-TC_10-0) 科学护足机能鞋，让宝宝"狂飙"玩耍一整年 [ Scientific foot-protecting functional shoes, let the baby play "hurricane" for a whole year ] (in Chinese), china.com, 2023 , retrieved 13 March 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-HSC_11-0) 学步期选鞋小tips：分阶段更助力足部发育 [ Tips for choosing shoes during the toddler period: Stages are more helpful for foot development ] (in Chinese), china.com, 2023 , retrieved 13 March 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-SOHU_12-0) 起步跑！儿童运动鞋助力开学新篇章 [ start running! Children's sports shoes help start a new chapter of school ] (in Chinese), sohu.com, 2023 , retrieved 13 March 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-ESQ_13-0) 童鞋買那款才不會影響小朋友發育？推介8個由舒適到時尚的童裝波鞋牌子 [ Which children's shoes to buy will not affect the development of children? Recommend 8 children's sneakers brands from comfort to fashion ] (in Chinese), Esquire HK, 2021 , retrieved 13 March 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-JOO_14-0) Fong, Daniel; Lam, Mak-Ham (February 20, 2008). "Effect of medial arch-heel support in inserts on reducing ankle eversion: a biomechanics stud" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2266906) . Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research . 3 : 7. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1186/1749-799X-3-7 (https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1749-799X-3-7) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 2266906 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2266906) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 18289375 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18289375) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOT_15-0) "Foot hyperpronation and Interventions to Tackle the Problem" (http://dr-kong.com/upload/1502/2015299772.pdf) (PDF) . World Rehabilitation Engineering and Devices (2): 71. June 2012 . Retrieved February 28, 2003 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOD_16-0) Huawei Wisdom , publisher: Springer Nature Singapore , published: 2022 This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shoes by brand (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shoes_by_brand) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. A Adidas brands (/wiki/Category:Adidas_brands) (4 P) Athletic shoe brands (/wiki/Category:Athletic_shoe_brands) (5 C, 76 P) B Bata Corporation (/wiki/Category:Bata_Corporation) (1 C, 24 P) C Capelli Sport (/wiki/Category:Capelli_Sport) (4 P) G Geox (/wiki/Category:Geox) (3 P) P Puma (brand) (/wiki/Category:Puma_(brand)) (11 P) S Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Category:Salvatore_Ferragamo) (6 P) T Tecnica Group (/wiki/Category:Tecnica_Group) (6 P) W World Balance (/wiki/Category:World_Balance) (1 P) Pages in category "Shoe brands" The following 189 pages are in this category, out of 189 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . 0–9 361 Degrees (/wiki/361_Degrees) A Abaeté (clothing) (/wiki/Abaet%C3%A9_(clothing)) ABC-Mart (/wiki/ABC-Mart) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Airness (/wiki/Airness) Alden Shoe Company (/wiki/Alden_Shoe_Company) Allen Edmonds (/wiki/Allen_Edmonds) Alpinestars (/wiki/Alpinestars) Ari Football (/wiki/Ari_Football) Ariat (/wiki/Ariat) Asics (/wiki/Asics) Atoms (shoes) (/wiki/Atoms_(shoes)) Aubercy (/wiki/Aubercy) Avia (shoes) (/wiki/Avia_(shoes)) B Baldinini (/wiki/Baldinini) Bally (fashion house) (/wiki/Bally_(fashion_house)) Banana Republic (/wiki/Banana_Republic) Bata Corporation (/wiki/Bata_Corporation) Bearpaw (brand) (/wiki/Bearpaw_(brand)) Belle International (/wiki/Belle_International) Stefano Bemer (/wiki/Stefano_Bemer) Bettanin & Venturi (/wiki/Bettanin_%26_Venturi) Birkenstock (/wiki/Birkenstock) Blackstock & Weber (/wiki/Blackstock_%26_Weber) Bontoni (/wiki/Bontoni) Bucketfeet (/wiki/Bucketfeet) C Caleres (/wiki/Caleres) Calvin Klein (fashion house) (/wiki/Calvin_Klein_(fashion_house)) Calzaturificio fratelli soldini (/wiki/Calzaturificio_fratelli_soldini) Camper (company) (/wiki/Camper_(company)) Cariuma (/wiki/Cariuma) Caterpillar Inc. (/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc.) Chaco (footwear) (/wiki/Chaco_(footwear)) Charles David (company) (/wiki/Charles_David_(company)) Church's (/wiki/Church%27s) Circa (company) (/wiki/Circa_(company)) Colchester Rubber Co. (/wiki/Colchester_Rubber_Co.) Cole Haan (/wiki/Cole_Haan) Columbia Montrail (/wiki/Columbia_Montrail) Columbia Sportswear (/wiki/Columbia_Sportswear) Common Projects (/wiki/Common_Projects) Crocs (/wiki/Crocs) D DC Shoes (/wiki/DC_Shoes) Mohamed Dia (/wiki/Mohamed_Dia) Diadora (/wiki/Diadora) Dr. Kong (brand) (/wiki/Dr._Kong_(brand)) Dr. Martens (/wiki/Dr._Martens) Duarig (/wiki/Duarig) Dune London (/wiki/Dune_London) Dunlop Sport (Australia) (/wiki/Dunlop_Sport_(Australia)) DVS Shoes (/wiki/DVS_Shoes) E EbLens (/wiki/EbLens) ECCO (/wiki/ECCO) Ed Meier (/wiki/Ed_Meier) Edward Green & Co. (/wiki/Edward_Green_%26_Co.) EMU Australia (/wiki/EMU_Australia) Erreà (/wiki/Erre%C3%A0) Etnies (/wiki/Etnies) F Falc (/wiki/Falc) Fallen Footwear (/wiki/Fallen_Footwear) FBT (company) (/wiki/FBT_(company)) FEIT (/wiki/FEIT) Feiyue (/wiki/Feiyue) Fila (/wiki/Fila) John Fluevog (/wiki/John_Fluevog) Foot Locker (/wiki/Foot_Locker) Foreva (/wiki/Foreva) G Geox (/wiki/Geox) Givova (/wiki/Givova) Globe International (/wiki/Globe_International) Golden Goose (company) (/wiki/Golden_Goose_(company)) Goldstar shoes (/wiki/Goldstar_shoes) Goodwill Shoe Company (/wiki/Goodwill_Shoe_Company) Grand Sport Group (/wiki/Grand_Sport_Group) Gravati (/wiki/Gravati) Grendene (/wiki/Grendene) H Hanes Australasia (/wiki/Hanes_Australasia) Hanwag (/wiki/Hanwag) Havaianas (/wiki/Havaianas) Heelys (/wiki/Heelys) Herbert Levine (company) (/wiki/Herbert_Levine_(company)) Hi-Tec (/wiki/Hi-Tec) Humanic (/wiki/Humanic) The Hundreds (/wiki/The_Hundreds) Hunter Boot Ltd (/wiki/Hunter_Boot_Ltd) Hush Puppies (/wiki/Hush_Puppies) I Inch2 (/wiki/Inch2) Insolia (/wiki/Insolia) Invicta (company) (/wiki/Invicta_(company)) IPath Footwear (/wiki/IPath_Footwear) Irregular Choice (/wiki/Irregular_Choice) J Jello Shoecompany (/wiki/Jello_Shoecompany) Johnston & Murphy (/wiki/Johnston_%26_Murphy) Joma (/wiki/Joma) Journeys (company) (/wiki/Journeys_(company)) K K-Swiss (/wiki/K-Swiss) KangaRoos (/wiki/KangaRoos) Kappa (brand) (/wiki/Kappa_(brand)) Keds (/wiki/Keds) Kickers (brand) (/wiki/Kickers_(brand)) Kinney Shoes (/wiki/Kinney_Shoes) Koyo Bear (/wiki/Koyo_Bear) Kubba Sportswear (/wiki/Kubba_Sportswear) Kustom (footwear) (/wiki/Kustom_(footwear)) L La Sportiva (/wiki/La_Sportiva) Leder und Schuh (/wiki/Leder_und_Schuh) Legea (/wiki/Legea) Li-Ning (/wiki/Li-Ning) Loake (/wiki/Loake) John Lobb Bootmaker (/wiki/John_Lobb_Bootmaker) Lotto Sport Italia (/wiki/Lotto_Sport_Italia) Lugz (/wiki/Lugz) Luigi Voltan (/wiki/Luigi_Voltan) M Steve Madden, Ltd. (/wiki/Steve_Madden,_Ltd.) Melville Shoe Corporation (/wiki/Melville_Shoe_Corporation) Merrell (company) (/wiki/Merrell_(company)) Mills (sports brand) (/wiki/Mills_(sports_brand)) Moon Boot (/wiki/Moon_Boot) Muji (/wiki/Muji) Munich (sport shoes) (/wiki/Munich_(sport_shoes)) N Naot (/wiki/Naot) Never Surrender High-Top (/wiki/Never_Surrender_High-Top) New Balance (/wiki/New_Balance) Nike, Inc. (/wiki/Nike,_Inc.) Nocona Boots (/wiki/Nocona_Boots) Vanessa Noel (/wiki/Vanessa_Noel) Northwave (/wiki/Northwave) O The Original Car Shoe (/wiki/The_Original_Car_Shoe) Original Penguin (/wiki/Original_Penguin) Ortuseight (/wiki/Ortuseight) Osiris Shoes (/wiki/Osiris_Shoes) P Panam (brand) (/wiki/Panam_(brand)) Pearl Izumi (/wiki/Pearl_Izumi) Pediped Footwear (/wiki/Pediped_Footwear) PF Flyers (/wiki/PF_Flyers) R R. M. Williams (company) (/wiki/R._M._Williams_(company)) Real United (/wiki/Real_United) Red or Dead (/wiki/Red_or_Dead) Reebok Ventilator (/wiki/Reebok_Ventilator) Reef (company) (/wiki/Reef_(company)) Rockport (company) (/wiki/Rockport_(company)) Template:Running shoe brands (/wiki/Template:Running_shoe_brands) Russell & Bromley (/wiki/Russell_%26_Bromley) S Samuel Hubbard Shoe Company (/wiki/Samuel_Hubbard_Shoe_Company) Sanders & Sanders Ltd. (/wiki/Sanders_%26_Sanders_Ltd.) SAS (shoemakers) (/wiki/SAS_(shoemakers)) Sebago (company) (/wiki/Sebago_(company)) Sergio Rossi (/wiki/Sergio_Rossi) Sessions (clothing company) (/wiki/Sessions_(clothing_company)) Daniella Shevel (/wiki/Daniella_Shevel) ShoeDazzle (/wiki/ShoeDazzle) Shy (company) (/wiki/Shy_(company)) Sidi (company) (/wiki/Sidi_(company)) Simod (/wiki/Simod) Skechers (/wiki/Skechers) SLAM (clothing) (/wiki/SLAM_(clothing)) Paul Smith (fashion designer) (/wiki/Paul_Smith_(fashion_designer)) Solovair (/wiki/Solovair) Sorel (brand) (/wiki/Sorel_(brand)) Source Vagabond Systems (/wiki/Source_Vagabond_Systems) Source Sandals (/wiki/Source_Sandals) Start-rite (/wiki/Start-rite) Superga (brand) (/wiki/Superga_(brand)) T Thom McAn (/wiki/Thom_McAn) Tod's (/wiki/Tod%27s) Tom Ford (brand) (/wiki/Tom_Ford_(brand)) Toms Shoes (/wiki/Toms_Shoes) Tredair (/wiki/Tredair) Tricker's (/wiki/Tricker%27s) Troentorp Clogs (/wiki/Troentorp_Clogs) U UGG (brand) (/wiki/UGG_(brand)) Unification Shoes (/wiki/Unification_Shoes) United Nude (/wiki/United_Nude) V Vans (/wiki/Vans) Veja (brand) (/wiki/Veja_(brand)) Veldskoen Shoes (/wiki/Veldskoen_Shoes) Veritas Bespoke (/wiki/Veritas_Bespoke) Vibram (/wiki/Vibram) Volley (shoe) (/wiki/Volley_(shoe)) W Walk-Over shoes (/wiki/Walk-Over_shoes) Warrix Sports (/wiki/Warrix_Sports) Stuart Weitzman (/wiki/Stuart_Weitzman) J. M. Weston (/wiki/J._M._Weston) Wildsmith Shoes (/wiki/Wildsmith_Shoes) World Balance (/wiki/World_Balance) X Xtep (/wiki/Xtep) Y Yohji Yamamoto (/wiki/Yohji_Yamamoto) Yull Shoes (/wiki/Yull_Shoes) Z Giuseppe Zanotti (/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanotti) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Shoe_brands&oldid=1205559999 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Shoe_brands&oldid=1205559999) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Shoe companies (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies) Clothing brands by type (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_by_type) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
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Brownish-orange hair A young woman with dark Titian hair. Titian is a tint of red hair (/wiki/Red_hair) , most commonly described as brownish (/wiki/Brown) - orange (/wiki/Orange_(colour)) in color (/wiki/Color) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Etymology [ edit ] The term originates from Titian (/wiki/Titian) , an Italian painter who would often depict women with red hair of this description. Titian has been used as a hair color term in the United States as early as the 1800s, when women were commonly using henna (/wiki/Henna) to dye their hair a Titian color. Discrepancy [ edit ] Madonna and Child (/wiki/Bache_Madonna) ( c. 1508 ), by Titian Titian is commonly misused as a synonym for hair colors with similar definitions or hues of color. [ citation needed ] Titian hair is frequently mistaken [ citation needed ] with what is called Venetian (/wiki/Venetian_blond#strawberry_blond) hair due to similar definitions and origins. Definitions of Venetian hair describe it as being reddish and golden in quality, but the distinction between the two is that Titian is a golden-brown, and Venetian a golden-blond. The two are also often referred to as Titian-red and Venetian-blond, respectively, to emphasize the distinction. [2] (#cite_note-The_Expansion_of_Everyday_Life,_1860-1876_on_Google-2) [3] (#cite_note-The_Civil_War_and_Reconstruction_on_Google-3) The origins of the formulas to create these hair colors by dyeing are also the same. [4] (#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Hair_on_Google-4) As the Venetian women had more methods to lighten their hair, [4] (#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Hair_on_Google-4) the term Venetian has become specifically associated with the blond variety. The term Titian is sometimes misapplied [ citation needed ] to auburn (/wiki/Auburn_hair) hair. Whereas Titian hair is a brownish shade of red hair, auburn hair is a brownish shade of hair encompassing the actual color red (/wiki/Red) . Most definitions of Titian hair describe it as a brownish-orange color, [5] (#cite_note-5) but some describe it as being reddish. [6] (#cite_note-6) This is in reference to red hair itself, not the color red. Characters in popular culture with Titian hair [ edit ] Titian Red Color coordinates Hex triplet (/wiki/Web_colors#Hex_triplet) #BD5620 sRGB (/wiki/SRGB) B ( r (/wiki/Red) , g (/wiki/Green) , b (/wiki/Blue) ) (189, 86, 32) HSV (/wiki/HSL_and_HSV) ( h (/wiki/Hue) , s (/wiki/Colorfulness#Saturation) , v (/wiki/Brightness) ) (21°, 83%, 74%) CIELCh (/wiki/CIELChuv) uv ( L (/wiki/Lightness) , C (/wiki/Colorfulness) , h (/wiki/Hue) ) (49, 92, 25°) Source RAL Colours [7] (#cite_note-7) B : Normalized to [0–255] (byte) Anne Shirley (/wiki/Anne_Shirley) of Anne of Green Gables (/wiki/Anne_of_Green_Gables) is described as having Titian hair at age 15: Well, we heard him say—didn’t we, Jane?—‘Who is that girl on the platform with the splendid Titian hair? She has a face I should like to paint.’ There now, Anne. But what does Titian hair mean?” “Being interpreted it means plain red, I guess,” laughed Anne. “Titian was a very famous artist who liked to paint red-haired women.” [8] (#cite_note-8) — L. M. Montgomery (/wiki/Lucy_Maud_Montgomery) , Anne of Green Gables Nancy Drew (/wiki/Nancy_Drew) , titular character of the mystery fiction (/wiki/Mystery_fiction) series of books, was described as and depicted with Titian hair from 1959 to 1960. [9] (#cite_note-9) Midge (/wiki/Midge_(Barbie)) , the Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) doll, has Titian hair. From 1961 until 1967, Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) offered Titian hair for dolls, with Midge being the staple for the variant. [10] (#cite_note-10) Midge's packaging illustration featured this hair color, whereas the original Barbie character was typically given blonde hair. Dana Scully (/wiki/Dana_Scully) (played by Gillian Anderson (/wiki/Gillian_Anderson) ), from The X-Files (/wiki/The_X-Files) , has naturally Titian hair, as confirmed by Chris Carter, the show's creator, on Reddit in 2014. [11] (#cite_note-11) Scully was seen with this shade in earlier seasons of the series before being shown with a more fiery, dyed shade of red hair in later years. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Titian" in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/titian) ^ (#cite_ref-The_Expansion_of_Everyday_Life,_1860-1876_on_Google_2-0) Sutherland, Daniel E. (1993). The Expansion of Everyday Life, 1860-1876 . University of Arkansas Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781610751452 . Retrieved October 29, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Civil_War_and_Reconstruction_on_Google_3-0) Browne, Kreiser, Ray Broadus, Lawrence A. (2003). The Civil War and Reconstruction . Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313313257 . Retrieved October 29, 2013 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ Jump up to: a b Sherrow, Victoria (2006). Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History . Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 331 (https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofha0000sher/page/331) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780313331459 . Retrieved October 29, 2013 . titian. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Titian" in The Free Dictionary (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Vecellio+Titian) ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Titian" on Dictionary.com (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/titian) ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Colour RAL 050 50 60 _ Titian red _ RAL colour chart UK" (https://ral-colours.co.uk/ral-design-colours/000-095/ral-050-50-60/) . RAL Colours . RAL . Retrieved December 31, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Montgomery, Lucy. Anne of Green Gables . Pitman. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Plunkett-Powell, Karen (1993). The Nancy Drew Scrapbook: 60 years of America's favorite teenage sleuth . St. Martin's Press. p. 48. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-312-09881-2 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Caent, Emily. "THE HISTORY OF TITIAN BARBIES" (http://www.zalacliphairextensions.com.au/titian-hair-barbie) . Zala . Retrieved March 23, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Chris Carter AMA Reddit 2014 (https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1z4a8e/i_am_chris_carter_creator_of_the_xfiles/cfqd5ux) v t e Human hair color (/wiki/Human_hair_color) Hair color Auburn (/wiki/Auburn_hair) Black (/wiki/Black_hair) Blond (/wiki/Blond) Brown (/wiki/Brown_hair) Gray (/wiki/Gray_hair) Red (/wiki/Red_hair) Titian White (/wiki/White_hair) Hair coloring (/wiki/Hair_coloring) Blue (/wiki/Blue_hair) Blue rinse (/wiki/Blue_rinse) Dye stripping (/wiki/Hair_dye_stripping) Highlighting (/wiki/Hair_highlighting) Hydrogen peroxide (/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide) Other Disappearing blonde gene (/wiki/Disappearing_blonde_gene) Fischer–Saller scale (/wiki/Fischer%E2%80%93Saller_scale) Greying of hair (/wiki/Greying_of_hair) Melanocortin 1 receptor (/wiki/Melanocortin_1_receptor) v t e Shades of orange Aerospace orange (/wiki/International_orange#Variations_of_international_orange#Aerospace) Alloy orange (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Alloy_orange) Amber (/wiki/Amber_(color)) Apricot (/wiki/Apricot_(color)) Atomic tangerine (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Atomic_tangerine) Brown (/wiki/Brown) Burnt orange (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Burnt_orange) Butterscotch (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Butterscotch) Carrot orange (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Carrot_orange) Champagne (color) (/wiki/Champagne) Chrome Orange (/wiki/Chrome_orange) Coral (/wiki/Coral_(color)) Dark orange (web) (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Dark_orange_(web_color)) Desert sand (color) (/wiki/Desert_sand) Engineering orange (/wiki/International_orange#Variations_of_international_orange#Engineering) Flame (/wiki/Scarlet_(color)#Flame) Giants orange (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Giants_orange) Gold (/wiki/Gold_(color)) Golden Gate Bridge (/wiki/International_orange#Variations_of_international_orange#Golden_Gate_Bridge) Goldenrod (/wiki/Goldenrod_(color)) Hunyadi yellow (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Hunyadi_yellow) Light orange (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Light_orange) Mahogany (/wiki/Mahogany_(color)) Melon (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Melon) Orange (Crayola) (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Orange_(Crayola)) Orange (Pantone) (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Orange_(Pantone)) Orange peel (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Orange_peel) Orange (web) (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Orange_(web_color)) Orange (wheel) (/wiki/Orange_(colour)) Papaya whip (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Papaya_whip) Peach (/wiki/Peach_(color)) Persian orange (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Persian_orange) Persimmon (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Persimmon) Portland orange (/wiki/Portland_Orange) Princeton orange (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Princeton_orange) Pumpkin (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Pumpkin) Rust (/wiki/Rust_(color)) Safety orange (/wiki/Safety_orange) Saffron (/wiki/Saffron_(color)) Spanish orange (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Spanish_orange) Tangelo (/wiki/Tangelo) Tangerine (/wiki/Tangerine_(color)) Tawny (/wiki/Tawny_(color)) Tiger’s Eye (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Tiger’s_Eye) Titian Red UT orange (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#UT_orange) Xanthous (/wiki/Shades_of_orange#Xanthous) A typical sample is shown for each name; a range of color-variations is commonly associated with each color-name. v t e Shades of brown Auburn (/wiki/Auburn_hair) Almond (/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colors#Standard_colors) Beaver (/wiki/Shades_of_brown#Beaver) Beige (/wiki/Beige_(color)) Bistre (/wiki/Bistre) Black bean (/wiki/Black_bean_(color)) Black olive (/wiki/Olive_(color)#Black_olive) Bole (/wiki/Bole_(color)) Bone (/wiki/Bone) Bronze (/wiki/Bronze_(color)) Brown (/wiki/Brown) Brown sugar (/wiki/Brown_sugar) Buff (/wiki/Buff_(colour)) Burgundy (/wiki/Burgundy_(color)) Burnt sienna (/wiki/Sienna#Burnt_sienna) Burnt umber (/wiki/Umber#Burnt_umber) Camel (/wiki/Camel_(color)) Caput mortuum (/wiki/Caput_mortuum_(pigment)) Caramel (/wiki/Caramel) Chamoisee (/wiki/Chamois_Coloured_goat) Chestnut (/wiki/Chestnut_(color)) Chocolate (/wiki/Chocolate_(color)) Citron (/wiki/Citron_(color)) Cocoa Brown (/wiki/Chocolate_(color)#Cocoa_brown_(web_color_"chocolate")_(light_chocolate)) Coffee (/wiki/Coffee_(color)) Copper (/wiki/Copper_(color)) Cordovan (/wiki/Cordovan_(color)) Coyote (/wiki/Coyote_brown) Desert sand (/wiki/Desert_sand_(color)) Drab dark brown (/wiki/Pantone_448_C) Dun (/wiki/Dun_gene) Earth yellow (/wiki/Desert_sand_(color)#Earth_yellow) Ecru (/wiki/Ecru) Fallow (/wiki/Fallow_(color)) Fawn (/wiki/Fawn_(colour)) Field drab (/wiki/Desert_sand_(color)#Field_drab) Fulvous (/wiki/Fulvous) Golden brown (/wiki/Gold_(color)#Golden_brown) Goldenrod (/wiki/Goldenrod_(color)) Harvest gold (/wiki/Harvest_gold) Khaki (/wiki/Khaki) Kobicha (/wiki/Kobicha) Lion (/wiki/Lion_(color)) Liver (/wiki/Liver_(color)) Mahogany (/wiki/Mahogany_(color)) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon) Ochre (/wiki/Ochre) Raw umber (/wiki/Umber#Raw_umber) Red-brown (/wiki/Shades_of_brown#Red-brown_(web_color_"brown")) Redwood (/wiki/Shades_of_red#Redwood) Rufous (/wiki/Rufous) Russet (/wiki/Russet_(color)) Rust (/wiki/Rust_(color)) Sand (/wiki/Desert_sand_(color)#Sand) Sandy brown (/wiki/Shades_of_brown#Sandy_brown) Satin sheen gold (/wiki/Gold_(color)#Satin_sheen_gold) Seal brown (/wiki/Seal_brown) Sepia (/wiki/Sepia_(color)) Sienna (/wiki/Sienna) Sinopia (/wiki/Sinopia) Tan (/wiki/Tan_(color)) Taupe (/wiki/Taupe) Tawny (/wiki/Tawny_(color)) Titian Red Umber (/wiki/Umber) Van Dyke (/wiki/Van_Dyke_brown) Walnut brown (/wiki/Shades_of_brown#Walnut_brown) Wenge (/wiki/Shades_of_brown#Wenge) Wheat (/wiki/Wheat_(color)) A typical sample is shown for each name; a range of color-variations is commonly associated with each color-name. 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International trade document This article relies largely or entirely on a single source (/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source) . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Certificate_of_Formula_Compliance##) . Please help improve this article (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Certificate_of_Formula_Compliance&action=edit) by introducing citations to additional sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Find sources: "Certificate of Formula Compliance" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Certificate+of+Formula+Compliance%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Certificate+of+Formula+Compliance%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Certificate+of+Formula+Compliance%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Certificate+of+Formula+Compliance%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Certificate+of+Formula+Compliance%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Certificate+of+Formula+Compliance%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2024 ) A Certificate of Formula Compliance (often abbreviated to COFC) is a document used primarily for Health and Beauty Products in international trade. Unlike a Certificate of Origin (/wiki/Certificate_of_Origin) (which traditionally states from what country the shipped goods originate, but "originate" in a CO does not mean the country the goods are shipped from, but the country where their goods are actually made.)a COFC is a document that states to the Import Authority that the Products are certified accurate to the Formula that is on record in the Country of Importation. Unlike a Certificate of Analysis (/w/index.php?title=Certificate_of_Analysis&action=edit&redlink=1) (a Document used to detail the exact formula of the product being tested) a COFC states that the product in question conforms exactly to the formula of record. A COFC is a new compliance document that has not been universally adopted as a standard for International Trade. There is a push to include its use and using it even in a Country that has not formally adopted its use has helped speed the inspection process. One of other International Documents used in International trade: See also [ edit ] Certificate of Origin (/wiki/Certificate_of_Origin) References [ edit ] http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/customs/customs_duties/rules_origin/non-preferential/article_410_en.htm (http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/customs/customs_duties/rules_origin/non-preferential/article_410_en.htm) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐kwsjw Cached time: 20240713020905 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.135 seconds Real time usage: 0.324 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 218/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11110/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 389/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1653/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.087/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1615732/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 304.271 1 -total 66.73% 203.028 1 Template:Short_description 46.88% 142.649 2 Template:Main_other 46.15% 140.418 1 Template:SDcat 33.22% 101.093 1 Template:One_source 30.80% 93.706 1 Template:Ambox 15.30% 46.552 2 Template:Pagetype 6.50% 19.770 1 Template:Find_sources_mainspace 0.84% 2.552 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24848522-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713020905 and revision id 1220488504. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Certificate_of_Formula_Compliance&oldid=1220488504 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Certificate_of_Formula_Compliance&oldid=1220488504) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : International trade documents (/wiki/Category:International_trade_documents) Cosmetic industry (/wiki/Category:Cosmetic_industry) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles needing additional references from April 2024 (/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2024) All articles needing additional references (/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references)
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American technology and apparel company RushOrderTees Company type Private (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Technology (/wiki/Technology) , embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) , screen printing (/wiki/Screen_printing) , custom apparel (/wiki/Clothing) [1] (#cite_note-USAWeekly2018-1) [2] (#cite_note-Mastrull2018-2) [3] (#cite_note-Lavenduski2019-3) Founded 2002 [4] (#cite_note-Wasik2016-4) Headquarters Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania) , U.S. Key people Michael Nemeroff ( CEO (/wiki/CEO) ) [1] (#cite_note-USAWeekly2018-1) Revenue $22.9 million USD [5] (#cite_note-Madej2016-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) Number of employees 250 [7] (#cite_note-Kendall2018-7) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Printfly Corporation Website www (http://www.rushordertees.com) .rushordertees (http://www.rushordertees.com) .com (http://www.rushordertees.com) RushOrderTees is an American technology and custom apparel company based in Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia) , Pennsylvania (/wiki/Pennsylvania) . [4] (#cite_note-Wasik2016-4) Eighty percent of its two hundred and fifty employees are millennials (/wiki/Millennials) . [4] (#cite_note-Wasik2016-4) [7] (#cite_note-Kendall2018-7) [8] (#cite_note-George-8) History [ edit ] Coming from a family of entrepreneurs, RushOrderTees began in 2002 in Philadelphia with Michael, Jordan and Alexis Nemeroff serving as its founders. [9] (#cite_note-9) [4] (#cite_note-Wasik2016-4) They started the company with one machine and one heater in their parents' garage, while attending Lower Moreland High School (/wiki/Lower_Moreland_Township_School_District#Lower_Moreland_High_School) . [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-2016Madej-11) The company's first website originated as a school project. [12] (#cite_note-12) In 2016, the company earned the 2,317th spot on the Inc. 5000 list of fastest-growing private businesses. [11] (#cite_note-2016Madej-11) In April 2018 RushOrderTees acquired the design firm Tonic Design based in Callowhill, Philadelphia (/wiki/Callowhill,_Philadelphia) . [13] (#cite_note-13) Activities [ edit ] RushOrderTees' custom t-shirt design and printing facility in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania RushOrderTees currently occupies a 63,000-square-foot (5,900 m 2 ) t-shirt printing (/wiki/Printed_T-shirt) and embroidery (/wiki/Embroidery) facility in Philadelphia. [2] (#cite_note-Mastrull2018-2) [4] (#cite_note-Wasik2016-4) The company has a revenue of US$22.9 million as of 2015. [5] (#cite_note-Madej2016-5) It serves as an official apparel provider for the Philadelphia 76ers (/wiki/Philadelphia_76ers) with which it has entered a partnership. [5] (#cite_note-Madej2016-5) [8] (#cite_note-George-8) [14] (#cite_note-14) This partnership has included the distribution of Philadelphia 76ers and Philadelphia Eagles (/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles) t-shirts (/wiki/T-shirt) for the Super Bowl LII (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LII) . [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Philanthropy [ edit ] RushOrderTees has partnered with local Philadelphia-based eateries in order to distribute clothing to the homeless. [17] (#cite_note-17) The tags within the apparel for the poor included "homeless resources in the city, such as free shelter, food, and a free computer lab." [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) For each yard the Philadelphia Eagles (/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles) advanced on 4 February 2018 during Super Bowl LII (/wiki/Super_Bowl_LII) , RushOrderTees donated three products to Covenant House (/wiki/Covenant_House) . [20] (#cite_note-20) After Hurricane Harvey (/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey) struck down in Texas (/wiki/Texas) , RushOrderTees dispatched "uniforms for tens of thousands of claims adjusters who were descending on the Houston area". [21] (#cite_note-Weiner2018-21) See also [ edit ] Cafe Press (/wiki/Cafe_Press) CustomInk (/wiki/CustomInk) Redbubble (/wiki/Redbubble) Shopify (/wiki/Shopify) Shutterfly (/wiki/Shutterfly) Spreadshirt (/wiki/Spreadshirt) TeePublic (/wiki/TeePublic) Teespring (/wiki/Teespring) Vistaprint (/wiki/Vistaprint) Zazzle (/wiki/Zazzle) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Interview with Michael Nemeroff, CEO and co-founder at Printfly" (https://usaweekly.com/2018/02/interview-with-michael-nemeroff-ceo-and-co-founder-at-printfly/) . USA Weekly. 28 February 2018 . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Mastrull, Diane (9 February 2018). " (http://www2.philly.com/philly/business/small_business/eagles-rushordertees-michael-nemeroff-printfly-collegeink-20180207.html) 'We're going to lose the house.' The scare that led to a T-shirt empire" (http://www2.philly.com/philly/business/small_business/eagles-rushordertees-michael-nemeroff-printfly-collegeink-20180207.html) . The Philadelphia Inquirer (/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer) . Retrieved 17 October 2018 . Now it owns and occupies 63,000 square feet of production, warehouse, call center, and administrative space filled with "tens of millions of dollars" in printing and embroidery equipment. ^ (#cite_ref-Lavenduski2019_3-0) Lavenduski, Sara. "Philly Print Company Capitalizes on 'Moment Merch' With Eagles 'Double-Doink' Tees" (https://www.asicentral.com/news/web-exclusive/january-2019/philly-print-company-capitalizes-on-moment-merch-with-eagles-double-doink-tees/) . Advertising Specialty Institute (/wiki/Advertising_Specialty_Institute) . After the Philadelphia Eagles' narrow win this past Sunday night against the Chicago Bears, a Philadelphia-area T-shirt company is seeing huge demand for screen-printed T-shirts commemorating the night's big moment in what's the latest major example of the "moment merch" trend. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Wasik, John F. (21 September 2016). "Think a 401(k) Is Not a Sexy Benefit? Competition May Change That" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/22/business/smallbusiness/think-a-401-k-is-not-a-sexy-benefit-competition-may-change-that.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 11 October 2018 . Michael Nemeroff started Printfly, which runs RushOrderTees.com, a custom T-shirt printing business, with his brother and sister in 2002 in Philadelphia. He began offering a 401(k) retirement plan within the last year for his 180 employees, 80 percent of whom are millennials. It was a great tool for recruiting and retaining employees, he said. ^ Jump up to: a b c Madej, Patricia (29 August 2016). "Local custom apparel company snags coveted spot on list of fastest-growing private businesses" (https://www.phillyvoice.com/local-custom-apparel-company-snags-coveted-spot-list-fastest-growing-private-businesses/) . PhillyVoice . Retrieved 11 October 2018 . RushOrderTees.com, a custom apparel company, has grown 157 percent in the past three years and reported $22.9 million revenue for 2015. They've even secured an apparel deal with the city's beloved 76ers for the upcoming season. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Rush Order Tees - Philadelphia, PA" (https://www.inc.com/profile/rush-order-tees) . Inc. (/wiki/Inc._(magazine)) Retrieved 12 October 2018 . ^ Jump up to: a b Krautsack, Kendall (30 January 2018). "Michael Nemeroff" (https://www.crains.com/if-i-knew-then/michael-nemeroff/printfly) . Crain's (/wiki/Crain_Communications) . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . We say we're not just a T-shirt company; we're a tech company that sells tees. Tech drives everything we do. It allows us to get to the size and scale we're at. If you go online, you can design, check out and choose the actual date the order arrives. Most T-shirt companies in the industry—70 to 80 percent—[employ] between one and 10 people. Because of tech, our company has 250 people. ^ Jump up to: a b George, John (11 November 2016). "6 things to know about the 76ers new T-shirt partner" (https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2016/11/11/rushordertees-nemeroff-printfly-sixers-retail.html) . Philadelphia Business Journal (/wiki/American_City_Business_Journals) . Retrieved 11 October 2018 . The Philadelphia 76ers have added Northeast Philadelphia custom T-shirt printing and design company PrintFly to its roster of corporate partners. The deal provides the 14-year-old family-run company with a variety of online and in-game promotion opportunities, along with handling the Sixers' T-shirt needs. ^ (#cite_ref-9) Mastrull, Diane (2018-02-09). " (https://www.inquirer.com/philly/business/small_business/eagles-rushordertees-michael-nemeroff-printfly-collegeink-20180207.html) 'We're going to lose the house.' The scare that led to a T-shirt empire" (https://www.inquirer.com/philly/business/small_business/eagles-rushordertees-michael-nemeroff-printfly-collegeink-20180207.html) . inquirer . Retrieved 2024-07-09 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Local Business Owner Reflects On How He Got His Start" (http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2016/11/26/local-business-owner-reflects-on-how-he-got-his-start/) . CBS Philly (/wiki/CBS_Television_Stations) . 26 November 2016 . Retrieved 11 October 2018 . In 2002 Michael Nemeroff, now co-founder of RushOrderTees.com was just a student at Lower Moreland High School. ^ Jump up to: a b Madej, Patricia (29 August 2016). "Local custom apparel company snags coveted spot on list of fastest-growing private businesses" (https://www.phillyvoice.com/local-custom-apparel-company-snags-coveted-spot-list-fastest-growing-private-businesses/) . PhillyVoice . Retrieved 11 October 2018 . It's a dream that Michael Nemeroff, the co-founder and CEO of PrintFly, RushOrderTees.com's parent company, couldn't have imagined when he started 14 years ago alongside his brother and sister in his parents' Huntington Valley garage. Since then, Nemeroff, who's never received a high school diploma, and his siblings, Jordan and Alexis, have grown PrintFly into a multi-million company now based in Philadelphia, with a passion for the city and no plans on moving anytime soon. 'We started in 2002 with one machine, one heater, and we had no skill or talent in the industry,' he said. 'What I realized right away was that almost 70 percent of our customers came to us because another company hadn't followed through on what they promised them.' ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Local Business Owner Reflects On How He Got His Start" (http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2016/11/26/local-business-owner-reflects-on-how-he-got-his-start/) . CBS Philly (/wiki/CBS_Television_Stations) . 26 November 2016 . Retrieved 11 October 2018 . When he was 13 he helped his older brother, Jordan make a web page for a school assignment and the passion continued from there. ^ (#cite_ref-13) Torres, Roberto (23 April 2018). "Callowhill design firm Tonic Design got acquired by Printfly" (https://technical.ly/philly/2018/04/23/callowhill-design-firm-tonic-design-got-acquired-by-printfly/) . Technically Philly (/wiki/Technically_Media) . Retrieved 11 October 2018 . Northeast Philly's Printfly, owner of brands in the printed products space like RushOrderTees.com announced Friday it had acquired Callowhill design firm Tonic Design. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Philadelphia 76ers and Rush Order Tees Strike Official partnership to Print Sixers T-shirts in Philly" (https://www.marketscreener.com/news/Philadelphia-76ers-and-Rush-Order-Tees-Strike-Official-Partnership-to-Print-Sixers-T-shirts-in-Phill--23280680/) . Market Screener. 26 October 2016 . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . Rush Order Tees, a PrintFly company, is now an official partner of the Philadelphia 76ers and will print t-shirts for the organization. The multi-year deal means Sixers t-shirts will be printed in Philadelphia by Philadelphians at a Philadelphia-based company. ^ (#cite_ref-15) Tsuji, Alysha (31 January 2018). "76ers players to wear 'Brotherly Love' shirts to support Eagles" (https://ftw.usatoday.com/2018/01/76ers-eagles-philadelphia-sixers-brotherly-love-shirts-game-players-support-super-bowl-52) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . The Philadelphia 76ers are going to be showing their support for the Eagles before they go up against the Patriots in Super Bowl 52 on Sunday. The Sixers-Heat game at Wells Fargo Center will be Brotherly Love Night. That means players will be wearing Brotherly Love shooting shirts, the first 10,000 fans get Brotherly Love shirts from RushOrderTees, the mascot Franklin the Dog will be in Eagles gear, the Sixers Dancers and Dunk Squad will perform Fly Eagles Fly, and other Eagles videos and social media posts will be shared throughout the game, per the news release. ^ (#cite_ref-16) Seltzer, Brian (2 February 2018). "Game Review: Defense Sets Tone, Proves Enough in Conference Win" (https://www.nba.com/sixers/news/buzzer-defense-sets-tone-proves-enough-noteworthy-win) . NBA (/wiki/NBA) . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Hinkelman, Michael (8 February 2015). "From Wall Street to a pizza parlor" (https://www.bendbulletin.com/business/2857669-151/from-wall-street-to-a-pizza-parlor) . The Bulletin (/wiki/The_Bulletin_(Bend)) . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . Mason Wartman, the owner of Rosa's Fresh Pizza in Center City, Pennsylvania, thanks a customer in his pizza shop. Wartman, a former Wall Street equity researcher, doesn't just sell pizza. He is also a social entrepreneur, giving back to the community by feeding the poor and offering free t-shirts and crew-neck sweatshirts in conjunction with Rush Order Tees. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Dollar-a-Slice Pizza Shop in Philly Becomes Pay-it-Forward Mecca" (https://www.goodnewsnetwork.org/dollar-slice-pizza-shop-philly-becomes-pay-forward-mecca/) . Good News Network (/wiki/Good_News_Network) . 11 January 2015 . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Richardson, Susan (24 December 2014). "A Philadelphia pizzeria sparks the spirit of giving : Community" (https://whyy.org/articles/a-philadelphia-pizzeria-sparks-the-spirit-of-giving/) . WHYY (/wiki/WHYY-FM) . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . So Wartman is working toward expanding Rosa's model to durable goods—clothing being a primary need—and, importantly, education. He has partnered with Rush Order Tees for a trial run: The pizzeria sells t-shirts and sweatshirts. For every t-shirt sold, Rosa's donates seven slices. For every sweatshirt, Rosa's donates another sweatshirt to someone in need. But it's not just warmth that person receives. Printed inside the shirts are phone numbers and addresses of nearby places that provide services such as food, training and computer access. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Leber, Ashton (2 February 2018). "RushOrderTees to award Covenant House T-shirts for Eagles Big Game" (https://www.philadelphiaunion.com/post/2018/02/02/rushordertees-award-covenant-house-t-shirts-eagles-big-game) . Philadelphia Union (/wiki/Philadelphia_Union) . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . RushOrderTees is awarding Covenant House three T-shirts for every Philadelphia Eagles rushing yard during the Big Game on Sunday. ^ (#cite_ref-Weiner2018_21-0) Weiner, Yitzi (19 April 2018). " (https://medium.com/thrive-global/pattern-recognition-is-the-name-of-the-game-5-startup-strategies-with-michael-nemeroff-ceo-of-6510989f7bae) "Pattern Recognition Is The Name Of The Game" 5 Startup Strategies With Michael Nemeroff, CEO of Printfly" (https://medium.com/thrive-global/pattern-recognition-is-the-name-of-the-game-5-startup-strategies-with-michael-nemeroff-ceo-of-6510989f7bae) . Medium (/wiki/Medium_(website)) . Retrieved 12 October 2018 . Last year, when Hurricane Harvey hit Texas, we were contacted by a well known insurance company to make uniforms for tens of thousands claims adjusters who were descending on the Houston area. They were in a pinch, and needed a very large order in a matter of days. We ran shifts through the night and throughout the weekend, knowing that important work needed to be done for those impacted. Our team also launched a campaign to raise money for the cause and proceeds went right to Hurricane Harvey relief. It was the least of what we could do from Philadelphia. This year, our largest brand, RushOrderTees.com, awarded the local Covenant House for homeless youth three shirts for every yard rushed during Super Bowl LII. We donated 500 shirts to homeless youth in Philadelphia as part of our #rush4tees campaign. External links [ edit ] Rush Order Tees (https://www.rushordertees.com) (Official Website) Custom Superbowl T-Shirts at Rush Order Tees - Fox News (https://www.fox29.com/good-day/308880806-video) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐d7ppc Cached time: 20240713223519 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.356 seconds Real time usage: 0.416 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2169/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 58722/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1820/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 88134/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.231/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8108732/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 387.637 1 -total 55.16% 213.832 1 Template:Reflist 48.64% 188.564 21 Template:Cite_web 20.83% 80.764 1 Template:Infobox_company 18.32% 71.011 1 Template:Infobox 13.05% 50.602 1 Template:Short_description 8.76% 33.942 2 Template:Pagetype 6.23% 24.155 1 Template:Convert 2.01% 7.779 8 Template:Main_other 1.95% 7.573 1 Template:Div_col Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:58790599-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713223519 and revision id 1234352532. 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British journalist This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lucy_Wood_(journalist)) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Lucy_Wood_(journalist)) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Lucy Wood" journalist (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . 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Find sources: "Lucy Wood" journalist (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lucy+Wood%22+journalist&acc=on&wc=on) ( November 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Lucy Wood is a British (/wiki/UK) fashion journalist (/wiki/Journalism) specialising in women's consumer publishing. [1] (#cite_note-1) Career [ edit ] Lucy Wood began her career at Grazia (/wiki/Grazia) magazine in 2005 as Fashion News and Features Assistant, covering the global fashion and shopping trends. [ citation needed ] In June 2007 she left her position at Grazia to become Fashion News Editor at LOOK (/wiki/Look_(UK_magazine)) magazine, currently the UK's biggest selling women's glossy title. Interviewing designers, celebrities and writing fashion, style and lifestyle articles aimed at female readers led to being nominated for the PPA Association of UK Magazine and Periodical Publishers New Section Editor of the Year Award in 2008. She has contributed to The Sun , The Daily Mail , Visa Europe , [2] (#cite_note-2) Drapers Record [3] (#cite_note-3) and London Metro . [4] (#cite_note-4) From May 2008 to June 2009 she edited bi-annual and online style magazine Random , [5] (#cite_note-5) a style publication which sold out in London following the launch of its first issue. Her fashion blog Fashion Editor [6] (#cite_note-6) resulted in Asos listing her Twitter [7] (#cite_note-7) as 'one to watch' at Asos Follows Fashion [8] (#cite_note-8) along with supermodel Jessica Stam (/wiki/Jessica_Stam) , stylist to the stars Rachel Zoe (/wiki/Rachel_Zoe) and Hilary Alexander (/wiki/Hilary_Alexander) . On screen and radio, she has appeared as a fashion expert on BBC (/wiki/BBC) television series Mary Queen of Shops (/wiki/Mary_Queen_of_Shops) , contributed fortnightly fashion slots for a BBC Radio (/wiki/BBC_Radio) Friday afternoon show, as well as various fashion segments for Asos , LOOK , Next and Miss Selfridge TV outlets. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Lucy Wood Contributor" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/author/220306/lucy-wood/) . Harper's BAZAAR . Retrieved 2 July 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Visa UK" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100513031235/http://consumer.visaeurope.com/shopping/malegifts.html) . Consumer.visaeurope.com. Archived from the original (http://consumer.visaeurope.com/shopping/malegifts.html) on 13 May 2010 . Retrieved 10 December 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Fashion Summit 2009 - Programme - Day 2" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100317113710/http://www.emapconferences.co.uk/fashionsummit/programme/day-2) . www.emapconferences.co.uk . Archived from the original (http://www.emapconferences.co.uk/fashionsummit/programme/day-2) on 17 March 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-4) James, By (1 September 2009). "University fashion that won't break the budget" (http://www.metro.co.uk/lifestyle/729151-university-fashion-that-wont-break-the-budget) . Metro.co.uk . Retrieved 10 December 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "www.random-magazine.com" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100511062736/http://www.random-magazine.com/introduction.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.random-magazine.com/introduction.html) on 11 May 2010 . Retrieved 2 May 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "London Fashion Editor Lucy Wood Opens Up Her Notebook" (http://www.fashion-editor.com) . Fashion-editor.com . Retrieved 10 December 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Twitter" (https://twitter.com/fashionnewsed) . Twitter. 2 January 2011 . Retrieved 10 December 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "fashionable thoughts from our favourite tweeters" (http://www.asosfollowsfashion.com) . ASOS Follows Fashion . Retrieved 10 December 2011 . External links [ edit ] http://www.fashion-editor.com (http://www.fashion-editor.com) http://www.fashion-editor.blogspot.com (http://www.fashion-editor.blogspot.com) https://web.archive.org/web/20110708034949/http://www.fashion-editor-portfolio.blogspot.com/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20110708034949/http://www.fashion-editor-portfolio.blogspot.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐xfxbz Cached time: 20240715093820 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.356 seconds Real time usage: 0.606 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1319/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 65495/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 13866/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 34747/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.226/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5329081/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 573.583 1 -total 32.03% 183.701 3 Template:Ambox 30.87% 177.075 1 Template:Short_description 24.12% 138.361 1 Template:Reflist 20.86% 119.663 8 Template:Cite_web 20.32% 116.557 8 Template:Main_other 19.83% 113.713 1 Template:Multiple_issues 19.68% 112.877 1 Template:SDcat 14.21% 81.529 1 Template:Authority_control 13.07% 74.954 1 Template:Notability Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27192062-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715093820 and revision id 1163043539. 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐554fdbb9db‐jh7qw Cached time: 20240712014337 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31814120-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712014337 and revision id 851789694. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Coronation gowns" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Coronation gown of Elizabeth II (/wiki/Coronation_gown_of_Elizabeth_II) Coronation robes of Queen Victoria (/wiki/Coronation_robes_of_Queen_Victoria) P Peacock dress of Lady Curzon (/wiki/Peacock_dress_of_Lady_Curzon) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Coronation_gowns&oldid=851789694 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Coronation_gowns&oldid=851789694) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Royal dresses (/wiki/Category:Royal_dresses) Coronation (/wiki/Category:Coronation)
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Italian fashion designer (1927–2015) Francesco Smalto Francesco Smalto in 2014. Born ( 1927-11-05 ) 5 November 1927 Reggio Calabria (/wiki/Reggio_Calabria) , Italy Died 5 April 2015 (2015-04-05) (aged 87) Marrakesh (/wiki/Marrakesh) , Morocco Occupation fashion designer Francesco Smalto (5 November 1927 – 5 April 2015) was an Italian fashion designer. Born in Reggio Calabria (/wiki/Reggio_Calabria) , Smalto started working in his hometown as a tailor, and he created his first dress when he was 14 years old. [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) In 1962 he started his fashion house in Paris. [2] (#cite_note-Le_mon-2) He dressed many celebrities and also several heads of state, notably François Mitterrand (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand) and King Hassan II of Morocco (/wiki/King_Hassan_II_of_Morocco) . [2] (#cite_note-Le_mon-2) In 2001, Smalto retired and sold his brand to Alliance Designers (/w/index.php?title=Alliance_Designers&action=edit&redlink=1) . [1] (#cite_note-bio-1) [2] (#cite_note-Le_mon-2) At the beginning of March 2019, L'Obs (/wiki/L%27Obs) revealed that Jack Lang (/wiki/Jack_Lang_(French_politician)) would have received for nearly 195,600 euros of costumes and trousers from the Italian fashion designer Smalto between 2013 and 2018. His lawyer confirms by stating that "his gifts have never had any counterpart". A preliminary inquiry was opened on March 12 for "abuse of social property". [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ a b "Morto lo stilista Francesco Smalto. Ha vestito Aznavour, Belmondo e la Nazionale di calcio francese" (http://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/people/2015/04/07/news/morto_lo_stilista_francesco_smalto_ha_vestito_aznavour_belmondo_e_la_nazionale_di_calcio_francese-111334661/) . La Repubblica (/wiki/La_Repubblica) . 7 April 2015 . Retrieved 19 April 2015 . ^ a b c Alice Pfeiffer (6 April 2015). "Mort du couturier italien Francesco Smalto" (http://www.lemonde.fr/mode/article/2015/04/06/mort-du-couturier-italien-francesco-smalto_4610367_1383317.html) . Le Monde (/wiki/Le_Monde) . Retrieved 19 April 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) AFP (/wiki/Agence_France-Presse) et lefigaro.fr (/wiki/Le_Figaro) (2 May 2019). "Costumes offerts à Jack Lang: enquête ouverte pour "abus de biens sociaux" (http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/costumes-offerts-a-jack-lang-enquete-ouverte-pour-abus-de-biens-sociaux-20190502) " (http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/costumes-offerts-a-jack-lang-enquete-ouverte-pour-abus-de-biens-sociaux-20190502) . lefigaro.fr (/wiki/Le_Figaro) (in French) . Retrieved 3 May 2019 . . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.smalto.com/en) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/37109473) 2 (https://viaf.org/viaf/100967574) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13971622s) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13971622s) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/119161389) Artists RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/329187) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐97w6f Cached time: 20240624120112 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.334 seconds Real time usage: 0.455 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1822/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16516/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1287/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18065/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.233/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5865769/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 427.133 1 -total 36.02% 153.867 1 Template:Infobox_person 21.62% 92.337 1 Template:ACArt 20.41% 87.191 2 Template:Cite_news 16.76% 71.602 1 Template:Short_description 11.37% 48.572 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.11% 38.914 2 Template:Pagetype 8.56% 36.542 16 Template:Main_other 6.60% 28.197 1 Template:Birth_date 5.86% 25.026 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46452203-0!canonical and timestamp 20240624120112 and revision id 1159170045. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Smalto&oldid=1159170045 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Smalto&oldid=1159170045) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1927 births (/wiki/Category:1927_births) 2015 deaths (/wiki/Category:2015_deaths) People from Reggio Calabria (/wiki/Category:People_from_Reggio_Calabria) Italian fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Italian_fashion_designers) Fashion designers from Paris (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_from_Paris) Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia (/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with BNF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers) Articles with BNFdata identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers) Articles with RKDartists identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_RKDartists_identifiers)
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Design theory and internet aesthetic Look up unexpected red theory (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/unexpected_red_theory) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The unexpected red theory is a design theory (/wiki/Design_theory) asserting that incorporating red-colored (/wiki/Red) home accessories (/wiki/Home_accessories) can enhance interior design (/wiki/Interior_design) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Coined by Taylor Migliazzo Simon, a designer based in Williamsburg, Brooklyn (/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn) , [2] (#cite_note-2) the theory first attained popularity on the social media platform TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) in January 2024, and eventually received widespread coverage across various design magazines. [3] (#cite_note-3) Critical analysis and reception [ edit ] Design journalists and publications have created listicles (/wiki/Listicle) to highlight interior spaces, such as houses and hotels, that reflect the theory. [4] (#cite_note-4) In Real Simple (/wiki/Real_Simple) , journalist Morgan Noll wrote that "red is one of the most visible colors in the color spectrum so it has a strong ability to grab attention and attract the eye." [5] (#cite_note-5) In The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , Sophie Robinson (/wiki/Sophie_Robinson_(designer)) , a designer, criticized that “you can’t just add red to any room – it’s just not that simple. It can look jarring.” [6] (#cite_note-6) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) McCaughan-Hawes, Charlotte (February 20, 2024). "TikTok's 'unexpected red theory' is an interior designer trick you need to know" (https://www.houseandgarden.co.uk/gallery/unexpected-red-theory-design-ideas) . House & Garden (/wiki/House_%26_Garden_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 21, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kircher, Madison (February 16, 2024). "What Is 'Unexpected Red'?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/16/style/what-is-unexpected-red.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved February 20, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Dowling, Amber (January 30, 2024). "See Why Experts Think Unexpected Red Theory May Be The Next Home Trend You Need" (https://www.hgtv.ca/unexpected-red-theory-may-be-the-new-home-trend-you-need-this-spring/) . HGTV (/wiki/HGTV) . Retrieved February 21, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "50+ Rooms That Prove 'The Unexpected Red Theory' Really Works - The Nordroom" (https://www.thenordroom.com/unexpected-red-theory-interior/) . February 13, 2024 . Retrieved February 21, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Noll, Morgan (January 25, 2024). "The "Unexpected Red Theory" Could Elevate Your Home and Fashion Game" (https://www.realsimple.com/unexpected-red-theory-trend-8549833) . Real Simple (/wiki/Real_Simple) . Retrieved February 21, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Newton, Hannah (February 6, 2024). "Why 'unexpected red' is trending in interiors – and how to do it right" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/interiors/home/unexpected-red-theory-tik-tok-red-kitchens/) . The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0307-1235 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235) . Retrieved February 21, 2024 . This design (/wiki/Design) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Uganda portal (/wiki/Portal:Uganda) This category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is for articles about fashion designers (/wiki/Fashion_designer) from the African country of Uganda (/wiki/Uganda) . Classification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Classification) : People (/wiki/Category:People) : By occupation (/wiki/Category:People_by_occupation) : Designers (/wiki/Category:Designers) : Fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers) : By nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) : Ugandan Also: Uganda (/wiki/Category:Uganda) : People (/wiki/Category:Ugandan_people) : By occupation (/wiki/Category:Ugandan_people_by_occupation) : Designers (/wiki/Category:Ugandan_designers) : Fashion designers NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐ffb54cd48‐cz57n Cached time: 20240716151435 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.073 seconds Real time usage: 0.126 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 180/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3924/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 437/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1367/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.035/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 967396/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 107.384 1 -total 52.77% 56.668 1 Template:Portal 32.61% 35.020 1 Template:Fooian_fooers 21.18% 22.743 4 Template:Resolve_category_redirect 14.40% 15.461 1 Template:Category_explanation 12.62% 13.548 1 Template:Hatnote 3.55% 3.817 3 Template:COLON Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44615059-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716151435 and revision id 921936233. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. + Ugandan women fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Ugandan_women_fashion_designers) (5 P) Pages in category "Ugandan fashion designers" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Abryanz (/wiki/Abryanz) Santa Anzo (/wiki/Santa_Anzo) Stella Atal (/wiki/Stella_Atal) B Anita Beryl (/wiki/Anita_Beryl) K Abbas Kaijuka (/wiki/Abbas_Kaijuka) M Housen Mushema (/wiki/Housen_Mushema) Suzan Mutesi (/wiki/Suzan_Mutesi) O Sylvia Owori (/wiki/Sylvia_Owori) R Rubanda-Mayonza (/wiki/Rubanda-Mayonza) S Studio One Eighty Nine (/wiki/Studio_One_Eighty_Nine) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ugandan_fashion_designers&oldid=921936233 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Ugandan_fashion_designers&oldid=921936233) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Ugandan designers (/wiki/Category:Ugandan_designers) Fashion designers by nationality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designers_by_nationality) Ugandan fashion (/wiki/Category:Ugandan_fashion) African fashion designers (/wiki/Category:African_fashion_designers)
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American fashion designer Vivienne Hu is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designers) based in New York City. [1] (#cite_note-1) Vivienne Hu Early life [ edit ] Hu was born in China (/wiki/China) . As a teenager, she moved to Germany (/wiki/Germany) [2] (#cite_note-Reuters-2) to study at the University of Hohenheim (/wiki/University_of_Hohenheim) and Goethe-Institut (/wiki/Goethe-Institut) , earning a bachelor's degree in finance studies. [3] (#cite_note-theGreenwichGirl-3) [4] (#cite_note-Jing_Daily-4) After the degree, she joined Citibank on Wall Street to work in finance. [5] (#cite_note-5) Work [ edit ] Hu later moved to the United States for her professional development. She worked at an investment bank for over three years, then attended Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) and gained industry experience with Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) and Yigal Azrouel (/wiki/Yigal_Azrou%C3%ABl) . Hu established her brand and debuted her spring/summer collection in 2012. [6] (#cite_note-NYFWVH-6) The label has two stores in Soho, New York, that opened in 2013 and 2016 respectively, [7] (#cite_note-VHNews-7) and its first China store opened in 2015. [8] (#cite_note-VHNews2-8) Hu participated in Mercedes-Benz New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) runways for the 2015 seasons, [9] (#cite_note-MBFW-9) and subsequently in the re-branded NYFW-THE SHOWS runways for the 2016 and 2017 seasons. [6] (#cite_note-NYFWVH-6) [10] (#cite_note-WWDVHRTWSpring2017-10) In 2015, Hu showcased her fall/winter 2015 collection at Shenzhen Fashion Week in China. [11] (#cite_note-11) Hu was named a Swarovski (/wiki/Swarovski) Collective 2016 designer. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Vivienne has had seven consecutive runway shows at New York Fashion Week. [14] (#cite_note-viviennehu.com-14) Her shows have been attended by celebrities, such as Whoopi Goldberg (/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg) , [15] (#cite_note-15) Anya Taylor-Joy (/wiki/Anya_Taylor-Joy) , Clara Lee (/wiki/Clara_Lee) [16] (#cite_note-16) Paloma Ford (/wiki/Paloma_Ford) and Eva Gutowski (/wiki/Eva_Gutowski) . [14] (#cite_note-viviennehu.com-14) In 2017, Vivienne Hu branched out from Ready-to-Wear when she debuted her accessories line, Vivienne Hu Accessories, at her Spring/ Summer 2018 runway show. This line includes handbags, shoes and sunglasses. [17] (#cite_note-17) The Spring/Summer 2018 runway show was inspired by Amman (/wiki/Amman) , Jordan (/wiki/Jordan) . [18] (#cite_note-18) Fashion Week Online stated "Vivienne Hu presented a slew of light and airy pieces that were given structure with strategically placed sashes, trims, and cutouts to highlight every girl’s best feature. The drama and excitement was all in the contrast of textures, layering of hard and soft, and the styling of each look." [19] (#cite_note-19) The F/W 2018 collection inspired by Dunhuang (/wiki/Dunhuang) Mogao Caves (/wiki/Mogao_Caves) was a huge success. Vivienne Hu released a line of new fashion sneakers in partnership with Tencent QQ, [20] (#cite_note-20) and this line soon attracted attention of fashion buyers such as Zappos. [21] (#cite_note-21) The bag collection also received positive feedbacks from mainstream fashion Media like Bazaar and Vogue Vogue Nederland. [22] (#cite_note-22) Bazaar featured the bags from Vivienne Hu's new collection in the slideshow "The Best Bags Spotted On The Fall 2018 Runways". [23] (#cite_note-23) F/W 2018 red carpet dress featured by Vogue Italy. In 2019, she receives the USC Pacific Asia Museum's 2019 Gala Visionary Artist Award and she is the only Chinese designer selected by Saga Furs for sponsorship this year. On February 15, 2019, her alma mater, Parsons School of Design, sent out a tweet applauding the NYFW looks of Vivienne Hu and Tomford via its official Twitter account(@parsonsdesign). Vivienne Hu is selected as a mentor at the Otis College of Art and Design (/wiki/Otis_College_of_Art_and_Design) in Los Angeles in 2019 [24] (#cite_note-24) and VHNY, the streetwear and athleisure focused line by Vivienne Hu, joined Macys’ ecommerce platform the same year. [25] (#cite_note-25) See also [ edit ] Chinese Americans in New York City (/wiki/Chinese_Americans_in_New_York_City) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Meyer, Clara (September 16, 2017). "Vivienne Hu Spring 2018: New York Fashion Week | Fashion Week Online®" (http://fashionweekonline.com/vivienne-hu-spring-2018-new-york-fashion-week) . Fashion Week Online® . Retrieved November 3, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Reuters_2-0) "Unfashionable first jobs led designers to the runway" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-firstjobs-fashion-designers-idUSKCN0ZM1HZ) . The Reuters Money July 2016 . July 6, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-theGreenwichGirl_3-0) "Q&A with Vivienne Hu #MBFW Superstar" (https://issuu.com/thegreenwichgirl/docs/flashforward_fashion) . The Greenwich Girl March 2015 Special Edition: Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Coverage Page 43-45 . ^ (#cite_ref-Jing_Daily_4-0) "10 Minutes with Fashion Designer Vivienne Hu" (https://jingdaily.com/10-minutes-with-fashion-designer-vivienne-hu) . Jing Daily April 2013 . April 9, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Interpreting the Broad and Profound Chinese Culture in Fashion Industry—Interview with Chinese American designer Hu Yuanyuan" (http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-03/22/c_1124269775.htm) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200807071222/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-03/22/c_1124269775.htm) from the original on August 7, 2020. ^ a b "NYFW-THE SHOWS Designer Profile: Vivienne Hu" (http://www.nyfw.com/vivienne-hu) . NYFW-The Shows Official Web . ^ (#cite_ref-VHNews_7-0) "Vivienne Hu New Store Launched on Mercer Street Soho" (https://viviennehu.com/press/2016/08/15/vivienne-hu-new-store-launched-on-mercer-street-soho/) . Vivienne Hu Press & News . August 15, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-VHNews2_8-0) "Vivienne Hu's first China Store" (http://viviennehu.com/press/2015/11/12/vivienne-hus-first-china-retail-store-in-nanjing-deji-plaza/) . Vivienne Hu Press & News . November 12, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-MBFW_9-0) "Mercedez-Benz NYFW Designer Profile: Vivienne Hu" (http://mbfashionweek.com/designers/vivienne-hu) . Mercedez-Benz NYFW Official Web . ^ (#cite_ref-WWDVHRTWSpring2017_10-0) "Vivienne Hu RTW Spring 2017" (http://wwd.com/runway/spring-ready-to-wear-2017/new-york/vivienne-hu/review/) . Women's Wear Daily . September 12, 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Independent Designer Vivienne Hu" (http://www.szfashionweek.com/index.php?m=Home&c=Designer&a=detail&id=24) . ShenZhen Fashion Week Official Web . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Swarovski Collective 2016: Vivienne Hu" (http://www.swarovskicollective.com/vivienne-hu) . Swarovski Collective Official Web . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Swarovski Collective 2016 Designers Announced" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/swarovski-collective-2016-designers-10199295/) . Women's Wear Daily . August 11, 2015 . Retrieved January 29, 2016 . ^ a b "Whoopi Goldberg & Miss Universe Attend Vivienne Hu S/S18 Runway Show – Vivienne Hu News" (https://www.viviennehu.com/press/2017/10/24/whoopi-goldberg-miss-universe-attend-vivienne-hu-ss18-runway-show/) . www.viviennehu.com . October 24, 2017 . Retrieved November 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "How to Do Fashion Week Like Whoopi Goldberg" (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/how-do-fashion-week-like-whoopi-goldberg-1038488) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved November 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Vivienne Hu Fall/Winter17 NYFW Runway Press Release – Vivienne Hu News" (https://www.viviennehu.com/press/2017/02/13/vivienne-hu-fallwinter17-nyfw-runway-press-release/) . www.viviennehu.com . February 13, 2017 . Retrieved November 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Vivienne Hu Accessories from Spring/Summer 2018 NYFW Runway – Vivienne Hu News" (https://www.viviennehu.com/press/2017/09/10/vivienne-hu-accessories-from-springsummer-2018-nyfw-runway/) . www.viviennehu.com . September 10, 2017 . Retrieved November 1, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Young, Valerina. "Vivienne Hu S/S 2018" (https://www.nyunews.com/2017/09/11/vivienne-hu-ss-2018/) . Washington Square News . Retrieved November 3, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Meyer, Clara (September 16, 2017). "Vivienne Hu Spring 2018: New York Fashion Week | Fashion Week Online®" (http://fashionweekonline.com/vivienne-hu-spring-2018-new-york-fashion-week) . Fashion Week Online® . Retrieved November 3, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Vivienne Hu QQ space joint launch of digital tide, stunning Chinese elements-Design-China Social Platforms Article" (http://www.sangbe.com/article/280966.html) . www.sangbe.com . Retrieved April 24, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "The Hottest Sneaker Looks Spotted on Fall 2018 Runways" (https://www.zappos.com/e/theones/new-york-fashion-week-fall-2018-sneakers) . www.zappos.com . Retrieved April 24, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "De fannypack ofwel beruchte buideltas? De trend zet door voor najaar 2018" (https://www.vogue.nl/fashion/nieuws/gallery/de-fannypack-ofwel-beruchte-buideltas-de-trend-zet-door-voor-najaar-2018) . VogueNederland (in Dutch) . Retrieved April 24, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "The Best Bags Spotted On The Fall 2018 Runways" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/trends/g16670904/fall-2018-bag-trends/?slide=8) . Harper's BAZAAR . March 7, 2018 . Retrieved April 24, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Vivienne Hu Chosen as Mentor at Otis College of Art and Design in Los Angeles" (https://fashionweekonline.com/vivienne-hu-chosen-as-mentor-at-otis-college-of-art-and-design-in-los-angeles) . fashionweekonline.com . Retrieved April 3, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Vivienne Hu's "VHNY" Comes to Macy's" (https://fashionweekonline.com/vivienne-hus-vhny-comes-to-macys) . fashionweekonline.com . July 5, 2019 . Retrieved August 18, 2019 . 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Italian-based fashion clothing brand Paul & Shark Industry Clothing Founded 1975 ; 49 years ago ( 1975 ) in Italy Founder Paolo Dini Headquarters Varese (/wiki/Varese) , Italy Key people Andrea Dini, CEO Paul & Shark is a luxury Italian (/wiki/Economy_of_Italy) clothing brand founded in 1975 by Paolo Dini, [1] (#cite_note-ITALIAN_STORY-1) son of mill owner Gian Ludovico Dini. [2] (#cite_note-Laura_Hawkins-2) It has 280 stores worldwide and is headquartered in Varese (/wiki/Varese) . [2] (#cite_note-Laura_Hawkins-2) Its CEO (/wiki/CEO) is Andrea Dini. [3] (#cite_note-3) The brand was inspired by the sail (/wiki/Sail) of an 18th-century clipper (/wiki/Clipper) , [2] (#cite_note-Laura_Hawkins-2) inscribed with the words "Paul & Shark" seen during Dini's visit to a small sailmaker's workshop in Maine (/wiki/Maine) . [1] (#cite_note-ITALIAN_STORY-1) In 2017, GQ (/wiki/GQ) called it "the sailing man's sailing gear". [4] (#cite_note-4) Its symbol is a shark (/wiki/Shark) . [5] (#cite_note-5) The company outfitted and sponsored Italian explorer Alex Bellini in his over 200 km cross-country skiing (/wiki/Cross-country_skiing) of the Vatnajökull (/wiki/Vatnaj%C3%B6kull) , the biggest glacier (/wiki/Glacier) in Europe. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] Company portal (/wiki/Portal:Company) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Made in Italy (/wiki/Made_in_Italy) Loro Piana (/wiki/Loro_Piana) Brunello Cucinelli (/wiki/Brunello_Cucinelli_(company)) Etro (/wiki/Etro) Brioni (/wiki/Brioni_(brand)) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b paulshark.com An Italian Story (https://www.paulandshark.com/it_en/company.html) ^ Jump up to: a b c Laura Hawkins, Reef encounter: Paul & Shark drops anchor in London (http://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/paul-and-shark-opens-debut-london-flagship) Wallpaper* (/wiki/Wallpaper_(magazine)) 27 April 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Paul & Shark CEO Andrea Dini paid $20,000 for a zero-gravity experience (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/paul-shark-ceo-andrea-dini-paid-20000-for-a-zero-gravity-experience/articleshow/62374820.cms) Sujata Reddy, Economic Times (/wiki/India_Times) , January 5, 2018 ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Paul & Shark has finally docked in London | British GQ" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170430005433/https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/gallery/paul-and-shark-regent-street-london) . gq-magazine.co.uk . Archived from the original (https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/gallery/paul-and-shark-regent-street-london) on 2017-04-30 . Retrieved 2024-05-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Morgan, Colleen. "The return of the shark: Paul & Shark introduces Autumn/Winter collection - The Moodie Davitt Report - The Moodie Davitt Report" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170303181314/https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/the-return-of-the-shark-paul-shark-introduces-autumnwinter-collection/) . moodiedavittreport.com . Archived from the original (https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/the-return-of-the-shark-paul-shark-introduces-autumnwinter-collection/) on 2017-03-03 . Retrieved 2024-05-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) @paulsharkofficial #FreezeTheMoment (https://www.instagram.com/p/BQfGCmqAEuL/) ^ (#cite_ref-7) Pawson, Helen. "Paul & Shark freezes the moment with Alex Bellini collaboration - The Moodie Davitt Report - The Moodie Davitt Report" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170310013036/https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/paul-shark-freezes-the-moment-with-alex-bellini-collaboration/) . moodiedavittreport.com . Archived from the original (https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/paul-shark-freezes-the-moment-with-alex-bellini-collaboration/) on 2017-03-10 . Retrieved 2024-05-08 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.paulandshark.com/) This Italian corporation or company article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_%26_Shark&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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(Redirected from Regards ring (/w/index.php?title=Regards_ring&redirect=no) ) A dearest ring in which the T is represented by tourmaline (/wiki/Tourmaline) instead of topaz. An acrostic ring is a ring (/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)) on which the initials of the precious stones (/wiki/Precious_stone) on the band spell out a word in an acrostic (/wiki/Acrostic) style. In some cases, paste (/wiki/Rhinestone) gems were used instead of precious stones. [1] (#cite_note-Tolkien47-1) [2] (#cite_note-Tolkien49-2) History [ edit ] Acrostic rings were developed in France (/wiki/France) in the early 19th century by the jewelry company Mellerio dits Meller (/wiki/Mellerio_dits_Meller) , and later became popular in England (/wiki/England) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) They were given and worn during the Georgian (/wiki/Georgian_era) and Victorian (/wiki/Victorian_era) eras. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Acrostic rings were given as romantic gifts, and their messages were sentimental. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Alternatively, they would be used to form a secret message. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Some acrostic rings were used as engagement rings. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) Acrostic rings have been created and given in later eras, including in the 20th and 21st centuries. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Variants [ edit ] A regards acrostic ring (c. 2023) based on 19th century regards rings. Acrostic rings were made with gemstones representing sentimental and romantic words, including the following: Dearest - diamond (/wiki/Diamond) , emerald (/wiki/Emerald) , amethyst (/wiki/Amethyst) , ruby (/wiki/Ruby) , emerald, sapphire (/wiki/Sapphire) , topaz (/wiki/Topaz) . Alternatively, turquoise (/wiki/Turquoise) was used instead of a topaz. [7] (#cite_note-:4-7) Regards - ruby, emerald, garnet (/wiki/Garnet) , amethyst, ruby, diamond, sapphire. [10] (#cite_note-:0-10) [2] (#cite_note-Tolkien49-2) "Regard" was also spelled, with an omission of the sapphire. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) Adore - amethyst, diamond, opal (/wiki/Opal) , ruby, emerald. Love - lapis lazuli (/wiki/Lapis_lazuli) , opal, vermarine (/wiki/Prasiolite) , emerald. French words such as souvenir from se souvenir (I remember) and amitié (friendship) were also represented in acrostic jewelry. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Some acrostic rings represented lovers' names. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Letters [ edit ] The letters of the spelt word come from the initials of some gems' names. Accordingly, stones used for each letter include: A: amethyst D: diamond E: emerald G: garnet L: lapis lazuli O: opal R: ruby S: sapphire T: topaz or turquoise V: vermarine References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Tolkien47_1-0) Tolkien, Tracy; Wilkinson, Henrietta (1997). A Collector's Guide to Costume Jewelry Key Styles and how to recognize them . Firefly Books. p. 47. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1552091562 . ^ a b Tolkien, Tracy; Wilkinson, Henrietta (1997). A Collector's Guide to Costume Jewelry Key Styles and how to recognize them . Firefly Books. p. 49. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1552091562 . ^ a b c d Beckett, Kathleen (2022-01-24). "Jewelry That Really Spells It Out" (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/24/fashion/jewelry-acrostic-chaumet-paris.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2024-05-11 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Voitiuk, A A (2019-03-25). "Non-traditional symbolism techniques in jewelry design" (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/229/1/012003) . IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science . 229 : 012003. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1088/1755-1315/229/1/012003 (https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F229%2F1%2F012003) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1755-1315 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1755-1315) . ^ a b Gänsicke, Susanne; Markowitz, Yvonne J. (2019). Looking at jewelry: a guide to terms, styles, and techniques . Looking at. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-60606-610-2 . ^ a b "JOTTINGS" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article136486380) . Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate . 1900-08-04 . Retrieved 2024-05-13 . ^ a b "Fashion's Mandates" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/168262331/) . The Philadelphia Inquirer . March 27, 1899. p. 7 . Retrieved May 13, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "in Town and Out" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article243417534) . Herald . 1933-08-28 . Retrieved 2024-05-13 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Questions Answered" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/380490469) . The Los Angeles Times . August 24, 1923. p. 8 . Retrieved May 13, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-:0_10-0) Boyd, L.M. (13 April 1994). "Regarding a "regards ring" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19940413&id=-0FPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hY8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=2400,4326237) " (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=860&dat=19940413&id=-0FPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hY8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=2400,4326237) . Ellensburg Daily Record . External links [ edit ] Thomas Crofton Croker, (https://books.google.com/books?id=yycBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA6) Catalogue of a collection of ancient and mediaeval rings and personal ornaments formed for lady Londesborough , London, 1853 (https://books.google.com/books?id=yycBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA6) Fred W. Burgess, (https://books.google.com/books?id=QcfOrnPB6OAC&pg=PA232) Antique Jewellery and Trinkents , New York, 1919 (https://books.google.com/books?id=QcfOrnPB6OAC&pg=PA232) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐65687cfdb7‐tns6l Cached time: 20240623170918 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.187 seconds Real time usage: 0.220 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 535/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15590/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 77/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 38112/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.109/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3857092/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 174.447 1 Template:Reflist 100.00% 174.447 1 -total 63.60% 110.946 3 Template:Cite_book 15.64% 27.285 6 Template:Cite_news 3.65% 6.360 1 Template:Cite_journal 1.32% 2.301 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:8972771-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623170918 and revision id 1225467373. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acrostic_ring&oldid=1225467373#Regards_ring (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acrostic_ring&oldid=1225467373#Regards_ring) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Rings (jewellery) (/wiki/Category:Rings_(jewellery)) Engagement (/wiki/Category:Engagement) Pre-wedding (/wiki/Category:Pre-wedding) Victorian fashion (/wiki/Category:Victorian_fashion)
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American fashion designer Carol Spencer Born 1932 (age 91–92) [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) Known for Fashion design for Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) Notable work Totally Hair Barbie (/wiki/Totally_Hair_Barbie) Carol Spencer is an American fashion designer. Most of her career from the early 1960s until 1999 was devoted to creating fashion for Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) . Early life and education [ edit ] Spencer was born in 1932; until she was three, when her father died, the family lived in Texas. [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) She was raised in Minneapolis; whie she was still in school, her mother also died. [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) As a child she made outfits for paper dolls and then, learning from her grandmother, clothing for herself. [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) She attended Washburn High School (/wiki/Washburn_High_School) , graduating in 1950. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) [5] (#cite_note-:4-5) In 1955 she graduated with a bachelor of fine arts (/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts) , concentrating on fashion design, from the Minneapolis College of Art and Design (/wiki/Minneapolis_College_of_Art_and_Design) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) Early career [ edit ] After graduating from college she went to work in New York City for Mademoiselle . [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) She moved back to Minneapolis to design for Wonderalls (/w/index.php?title=Wonderalls_Company&action=edit&redlink=1) , a children's clothing manufacturer. [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) She moved to Milwaukee to work designing sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) Barbie career [ edit ] In 1963 she responded to a blind classified advertisement for a "cost-conscious fashion designer". The employer turned out to be Mattel (/wiki/Mattel) , and the work was designing clothing for Barbie. [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) As part of the interview process she created several outfits and was hired to work with Ruth Handler (/wiki/Ruth_Handler) and Charlotte Johnson (/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Johnson_(fashion_designer)&action=edit&redlink=1) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) From then until her retirement in1999 she designed exclusively for Barbie and other Barbie-universe dolls such as Chelsea (/wiki/Chelsea_(Barbie)) , Ken (/wiki/Ken_(doll)) , and Skipper (/wiki/Skipper_(doll)) . [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Because Mattel did not put designers' names on packaging until the mid-1990s, most of her work was uncredited. [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) Her first credited design was Benefit Ball Barbie (/w/index.php?title=Benefit_Ball_Barbie&action=edit&redlink=1) , which was the first Barbie Mattel gave a credit to. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) She is the only designer to have her name printed on a doll, the 1996 Golden Jubilee Barbie (/w/index.php?title=Golden_Jubilee_Barbie&action=edit&redlink=1) . [5] (#cite_note-:4-5) Spencer also designed some of the dolls themselves, including 1992's Totally Hair Barbie (/wiki/Totally_Hair_Barbie) and Barbie's poodle, which Spencer modeled on her own dog. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) She designed Surgeon Barbie (/w/index.php?title=Surgeon_Barbie&action=edit&redlink=1) after having a biopsy and noticing all the physicians were men. [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) She based some designs on her own clothing and accessories. In 2017 she was inducted into the Women in Toys, Licensing & Entertainment (/w/index.php?title=Women_in_Toys,_Licensing_%26_Entertainment&action=edit&redlink=1) Hall of Fame. [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) Dressing Barbie [ edit ] Spencer wrote Dressing Barbie , a 2019 coffee-table retrospective of her work. [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) [3] (#cite_note-:2-3) [2] (#cite_note-:3-2) Personal life [ edit ] Spencer was engaged once, prior to attending college. [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) She retired in 1999. [1] (#cite_note-NYT2019-1) She lives in Los Angeles. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) See also [ edit ] Kitty Black Perkins (/wiki/Kitty_Black_Perkins) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Rosman, Katherine (2019-04-24). "The Chic Octogenarian Behind Barbie's Best Looks" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/style/barbie-fashion-clothing-designer.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2023-08-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b Nachbar, Madeline (2019-07-15). "The Woman Who Dressed Barbie" (http://mspmag.com/api/content/44991be0-a71b-11e9-bbfb-12f1225286c6/) . Minneapolis St. Paul (/w/index.php?title=Minneapolis_St._Paul_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1) . Retrieved 2023-08-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Tanabe, Karen (16 July 2023). "Meet the designer who made Barbie's early dresses — and her doctor's coat" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/books/2023/07/16/dressing-barbie-carol-spencer-interview/) . Washington Post (/wiki/Washington_Post) . ^ Jump up to: a b c d Stroozas, Sam; Cipolle, Alex V. (2023-07-19). "In 1963, she left Minneapolis for Mattel. She designed Barbie clothes for 35 years" (https://www.mprnews.org/story/2023/07/19/in-1963-she-left-minneapolis-for-mattel-she-designed-barbie-clothes-for-35-years) . MPR News (/wiki/MPR_News) . Retrieved 2023-08-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b Mowbray, Nicole (2023-07-14). "Dressing Barbie: Meet the designer who created a miniature fashion icon" (https://www.cnn.com/style/dressing-barbie-iconic-fashion-looks/index.html) . CNN (/wiki/CNN) . Retrieved 2023-08-06 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Chow, Vivan; Cortese, Samantha (2023-07-26). "Meet Carol Spencer, the woman behind Barbie's iconic fashion" (https://ktla.com/entertainment/meet-carol-spencer-the-woman-behind-barbies-iconic-fashion/) . KTLA (/wiki/KTLA) . Retrieved 2023-08-06 . v t e Barbie (/wiki/Barbie) Dolls Barbie Diversity (/wiki/Barbie#Diversity) Computer Engineer (/wiki/Computer_Engineer_Barbie) Teen Talk (/wiki/Teen_Talk_Barbie) Totally Hair (/wiki/Totally_Hair_Barbie) Basics (/wiki/Barbie_Basics) Dreamhouse (/wiki/Barbie_Dreamhouse) Ken (/wiki/Ken_(doll)) Earring Magic (/wiki/Earring_Magic_Ken) Allan (/wiki/Allan_(Barbie)) Francie (/wiki/Francie_(Barbie)) List of friends and family (/wiki/List_of_Barbie%27s_friends_and_family) Midge (/wiki/Midge_(Barbie)) Nikki (/wiki/Nikki_(Barbie)) The Rockers (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Rockers) Skipper (/wiki/Skipper_(Barbie)) Teresa (/wiki/Teresa_(Barbie)) My Scene (/wiki/My_Scene) Films Animated (/wiki/List_of_Barbie_films) The Nutcracker (/wiki/Barbie_in_the_Nutcracker) (2001) Rapunzel (/wiki/Barbie_as_Rapunzel) (2002) Swan Lake (/wiki/Barbie_of_Swan_Lake) (2003) The Princess and the Pauper (/wiki/Barbie_as_the_Princess_and_the_Pauper) (2004) Fairytopia (/wiki/Barbie:_Fairytopia) (2005) The Magic of Pegasus (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Magic_of_Pegasus) (2005) The Barbie Diaries (/wiki/The_Barbie_Diaries) (2006) The 12 Dancing Princesses (/wiki/Barbie_in_the_12_Dancing_Princesses) (2006) The Island Princess (/wiki/Barbie_as_the_Island_Princess) (2007) The Diamond Castle (/wiki/Barbie_%26_the_Diamond_Castle) (2008) A Christmas Carol (/wiki/Barbie_in_a_Christmas_Carol) (2008) Thumbelina (/wiki/Barbie:_Thumbelina) (2009) The Three Musketeers (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Three_Musketeers) (2009) A Mermaid Tale (/wiki/Barbie_in_a_Mermaid_Tale) (2010) A Fashion Fairytale (/wiki/Barbie:_A_Fashion_Fairytale) (2010) A Fairy Secret (/wiki/Barbie:_A_Fairy_Secret) (2011) Princess Charm School (/wiki/Barbie:_Princess_Charm_School) (2011) A Mermaid Tale 2 (/wiki/Barbie_in_a_Mermaid_Tale_2) (2012) The Princess & the Popstar (/wiki/Barbie:_The_Princess_%26_the_Popstar) (2012) The Secret Door (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Secret_Door) (2014) Star Light Adventure (/wiki/Barbie:_Star_Light_Adventure) (2016) Dolphin Magic (/wiki/Barbie_Dolphin_Magic) (2017) Princess Adventure (/wiki/Barbie:_Princess_Adventure) (2020) Chelsea: The Lost Birthday (/wiki/Barbie_%26_Chelsea:_The_Lost_Birthday) (2021) Big City, Big Dreams (/wiki/Barbie:_Big_City,_Big_Dreams) (2021) Mermaid Power (/wiki/Barbie:_Mermaid_Power) (2022) Epic Road Trip (/wiki/Barbie:_Epic_Road_Trip) (2022) Skipper and the Big Babysitting Adventure (/wiki/Barbie:_Skipper_and_the_Big_Babysitting_Adventure) (2023) Live-action Barbie (/wiki/Barbie_(film)) (2023) accolades (/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Barbie_(film)) Barbenheimer (/wiki/Barbenheimer) Related Magical Universe (/wiki/Magical_Universe) Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story (/wiki/Superstar:_The_Karen_Carpenter_Story) Tiny Shoulders: Rethinking Barbie (/wiki/Tiny_Shoulders:_Rethinking_Barbie) The Tribe (/wiki/The_Tribe_(2005_film)) Toy Story (/wiki/Toy_Story_(franchise)) 2 (/wiki/Toy_Story_2) (1999) 3 (/wiki/Toy_Story_3) (2010) Hawaiian Vacation (/wiki/Hawaiian_Vacation) (2011) 4 (/wiki/Toy_Story_4) (2019) Black Barbie: A Documentary (/wiki/Black_Barbie:_A_Documentary) TV/web series Life in the Dreamhouse (/wiki/Barbie:_Life_in_the_Dreamhouse) (2012–2015) Dreamtopia (/wiki/Barbie_Dreamtopia) (2016–2018) Dreamhouse Adventures (/wiki/Barbie_Dreamhouse_Adventures) (2018–2020) It Takes Two (/wiki/Barbie:_It_Takes_Two) (2022) A Touch of Magic (/wiki/Barbie:_A_Touch_of_Magic) (2023) TV specials The Rockers: Out of This World (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Rockers:_Out_of_This_World) (1987) The Sensations: Rockin' Back to Earth (/wiki/Barbie_and_the_Sensations:_Rockin%27_Back_to_Earth) (1987) Other animations My Scene: Jammin' in Jamaica (/wiki/My_Scene:_Jammin%27_in_Jamaica) (2004) My Scene Goes Hollywood: The Movie (/wiki/My_Scene_Goes_Hollywood:_The_Movie) (2005) Video games (/wiki/List_of_Barbie_video_games) Barbie (/wiki/Barbie_(1984_video_game)) (1984) Barbie (/wiki/Barbie_(1991_video_game)) (1991) Game Girl (/wiki/Barbie:_Game_Girl) (1992) Super Model (/wiki/Barbie:_Super_Model) (1993) Fashion Designer (/wiki/Barbie_Fashion_Designer) (1996) Magic Fairy Tales: Barbie as Rapunzel (/wiki/Magic_Fairy_Tales:_Barbie_as_Rapunzel) (1997) Storymaker (/wiki/Barbie_Storymaker) (1997) Magic Hair Styler (/wiki/Barbie_Magic_Hair_Styler) (1997) Ocean Discovery (/wiki/Adventures_with_Barbie:_Ocean_Discovery) (1997) Nail Designer (/wiki/Barbie_Nail_Designer) (1998) Riding Club (/wiki/Barbie_Riding_Club) (1998) Detective Barbie (/wiki/Detective_Barbie) (1998–2000) Race & Ride (/wiki/Barbie:_Race_%26_Ride) (1999) Super Sports (/wiki/Barbie_Super_Sports) (1999) Magic Genie Adventure (/wiki/Barbie:_Magic_Genie_Adventure) (2000) Beach Vacation (/wiki/Barbie_Beach_Vacation) (2001) Explorer (/wiki/Barbie:_Explorer) (2001) Sparkling Ice Show (/wiki/Barbie_Sparkling_Ice_Show) (2002) Secret Agent Barbie (/wiki/Secret_Agent_Barbie) (2002) Horse Adventures (/wiki/Barbie_Horse_Adventures) (2003–2008) Vacation Adventure (/wiki/Barbie:_Vacation_Adventure) (unreleased) Music " Barbie Girl (/wiki/Barbie_Girl) " Mattel, Inc. v. MCA Records, Inc. (/wiki/Mattel,_Inc._v._MCA_Records,_Inc.) Barbie the Album (/wiki/Barbie_the_Album) " Pink (/wiki/Pink_(Lizzo_song)) " " Dance the Night (/wiki/Dance_the_Night) " " Barbie World (/wiki/Barbie_World) " " Speed Drive (/wiki/Speed_Drive) " " Watati (/wiki/Watati) " " Man I Am (/wiki/Man_I_Am) " " I'm Just Ken (/wiki/I%27m_Just_Ken) " " What Was I Made For? 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This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Pediped_Footwear&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Pediped+Footwear&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Pediped+Footwear) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Pediped_Footwear) for suggestions. ( September 2018 ) Pediped Footwear Industry Apparel (/wiki/Apparel) Founded 2004 Headquarters Henderson, Nevada (/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada) , U.S. Products Footwear Website www (http://www.pediped.com) .pediped (http://www.pediped.com) .com (http://www.pediped.com) Pediped is a marketer of soft-sole children's footwear. History [ edit ] Pediped was founded in Henderson, Nevada in 2004 by husband-and-wife business partners, Angela and Brian Edgeworth [1] (#cite_note-1) after the birth of their first child. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2008, the firm hired Rudy Glocker, a former vice president at Goldman Sachs (/wiki/Goldman_Sachs) , as its chief operating officer. [3] (#cite_note-3) Retail and distribution [ edit ] Pediped's first retail store, located in Las Vegas (/wiki/Las_Vegas) , Nevada, opened its doors in 2013. [4] (#cite_note-4) Additional retail stores are located in Shanghai (/wiki/Shanghai) and Beijing (/wiki/Beijing) . The company sells its products to over 2,000 stores in the United States, has distribution in over 41 countries and employs 270 staff members worldwide. [5] (#cite_note-5) Pediped also distributes its product on online retailers Amazon.com (/wiki/Amazon.com) and Zappos (/wiki/Zappos) . [6] (#cite_note-6) The company's main manufacturing and distribution factory is located in Suzhou, China, with an additional 35,000 square-foot facility located in Henderson, Nevada. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Acuña, Jessica. "Happy (and Healthy) Feet" (http://vegasseven.com/2013/06/05/happy-healthy-feet/) . Vegas Seven . Michael Skenandore . Retrieved 3 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Lyle, Michael. "Nationally known businesses set up shop in Henderson" (http://www.reviewjournal.com/view/anthem/nationally-known-businesses-set-shop-henderson) . Las Vegas Review Journal . Craig Moon . Retrieved 3 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Carbonara, Peter (10 March 2010). "Goldman Alumni Learn New Lessons From Wall Street" (https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/11/business/smallbusiness/11sbiz.html?_r=1) . The New York Times . Retrieved 8 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Pediped Opens Its First Boutique Store This Weekend" (http://footwearplusmagazine.com/2013/05/blog/pediped-opens-its-first-boutique-store-this-weekend/) . Footwear Plus Magazine . Retrieved 3 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Q&A With Pedipeds' Founder" (http://footwearnews.com/2009/business/news/qa-with-pedipeds-founder-87548/) . Footwear News . Fairchild Publishing . Retrieved 5 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Allen, Melly. "Pediped Children's Footwear Officially Open for Business in Town Square Las Vegas" (http://recesslv.com/8638/pediped-childrens-foowear-offically-open-for-business-in-town-square-las-vegas/) . Recess LV . Retrieved 5 February 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Friedman, Ann (24 October 2015). "Henderson resident builds a global baby shoe empire" (http://businesspress.vegas/move/henderson-resident-builds-global-baby-shoe-empire) . Las Vegas Review Journal Inc. Las Vegas Business Press . Retrieved 5 February 2016 . 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Italian perfumer You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Bianchi_(parfumeur)) in French . (February 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View (https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRen%C3%A9_Bianchi_(parfumeur)&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en) a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:René Bianchi (parfumeur)]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|fr|René Bianchi (parfumeur)}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Ren%C3%A9_Bianchi_(perfumer)) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . René Bianchi Jeanne III of Navarre (/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Albret) buying poisoned gloves from René Bianchi (left) by Pierre-Charles Comte (/wiki/Pierre-Charles_Comte) , 1852 Born Renato Bianco Italy Died 1578 ( 1579 ) France Occupation Perfumer René Bianchi ( Renato Bianco ), commonly known as Maître Rene [1] (#cite_note-1) (died 1578), was a perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) from Italy (probably from either Florence or Milan) who lived on the Pont Saint-Michel (/wiki/Pont_Saint-Michel) in Paris. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) He was the official court perfumer of the queen of France, Catherine de' Medici (/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici) , from at least 1547 onward. He is infamous in history as the queen's alleged poisoner, whom she hired to use his poisons on enemies she did not wish to kill by the sword. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Du massacre de la Saint-Barthélemi (1790) by Gabriel Brizard ^ Jump up to: a b James, George Payne Rainsford (1847). The Life of Henry the Fourth, King of France and Navarre . T. & W. Boone. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Various (2016-11-08). The Great Events of Global History, Vol. 10: History Events . 北戴河出版. This French business–related biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Joséphine Catapano (December 29, 1918 – May 14, 2012) was an American perfumer. Biography [ edit ] Joséphine Catapano studied at Hunter High School and Hunter College before starting a career in the perfume industry. In 1953, she created Estée Lauder (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_(businesswoman)) 's first fragrance and perennial best-seller, Youth Dew, a bath oil that also functioned as a perfume. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Catapano is cited as a mentor and influence to Sophia Grosjman (/w/index.php?title=Sophia_Grosjman&action=edit&redlink=1) . [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-perfumeshrine_catapano-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) She worked as an executive at International Flavors and Fragrances (/wiki/International_Flavors_and_Fragrances) . Awards and recognition [ edit ] Catapano received the Cosmetic Career Women's Award in 1980. In 1993, Catapano received the Lifetime Achievement Award by the American Society of Perfumers. [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-dignitymemorial_catapano-8) Creations [ edit ] Norell (/wiki/Norell) Norell [9] (#cite_note-9) Estee Lauder (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) Youth Dew Estee Lauder (/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies) JHL Guy Laroche (/wiki/Guy_Laroche) Fidji (/wiki/Fidji) Shiseido (/wiki/Shiseido) Zen Personal life [ edit ] She died on May 14, 2012. [8] (#cite_note-dignitymemorial_catapano-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Schaffner, Liana. "The New Wave of American Perfumers Are More Interested in "Dirtiness" (https://www.allure.com/story/modern-american-perfumes) " (https://www.allure.com/story/modern-american-perfumes) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "How Female Perfumers Are Smashing Glass Ceilings in the Fragrance Industry" (https://www.allure.com/story/slug-women-perfumers-taking-back-the-fragrance-industry) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Beauty Icon: Estée Lauder Youth Dew - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/beauty/news-features/TMG9864527/Beauty-Icon-Estee-Lauder-Youth-Dew.html) . fashion.telegraph.co.uk . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Sophia Grojsman" (https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sophia_Grojsman&oldid=99745459) . 18 September 2018 – via Wikipedia. ^ (#cite_ref-perfumeshrine_catapano_5-0) "Perfume Shrine: Josephine Catapano: 1918- 2012" (http://perfumeshrine.blogspot.com/2012/05/josephine-catapano-1918-2012.html) . 18 May 2012. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Renegades, Artists, and Artisans : Women in Perfumery « Bois de Jasmin" (https://boisdejasmin.com/2017/07/american-indie-perfumers.html) . boisdejasmin.com . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Perfumer Josephine Catapano passes away :: Now Smell This" (https://www.nstperfume.com/2012/05/18/perfumer-josephine-catapano-passes-away/) . www.nstperfume.com . ^ a b "Obituary - Josephine Catapano December 29, 1918 - May 14, 2012" (https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/scarsdale-ny/josephine-catapano-5103394) . dignitymemorial.com . Retrieved June 29, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Wu, Sarah. "The New Norell: How Celine Barel and Baccarat Remastered a Classic Perfume" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahwu/2015/08/18/the-new-norell-how-celine-barel-and-baccarat-remastered-a-classic-perfume/) . External References [ edit ] Edwards, Michael. Perfume Legends: French Feminine Fragrances. 1996. (https://books.google.com/books/about/Perfume_Legends.html?id=SgUNAQAACAAJ) This biographical article related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Overview of the events of 2008 in red carpet fashion List of years in red carpet fashion … (/wiki/Category:Years_in_red_carpet_fashion) 1998 (/w/index.php?title=1998_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 1999 (/w/index.php?title=1999_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2000 (/wiki/2000_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2001 (/wiki/2001_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2002 (/wiki/2002_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2003 (/w/index.php?title=2003_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2004 (/w/index.php?title=2004_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2005 (/w/index.php?title=2005_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2006 (/w/index.php?title=2006_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2007 (/wiki/2007_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2008 2009 (/wiki/2009_in_red_carpet_fashion) 2010 (/w/index.php?title=2010_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2011 (/w/index.php?title=2011_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2012 (/w/index.php?title=2012_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2013 (/w/index.php?title=2013_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2014 (/w/index.php?title=2014_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2015 (/w/index.php?title=2015_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2016 (/w/index.php?title=2016_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2017 (/w/index.php?title=2017_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) 2018 (/w/index.php?title=2018_in_red_carpet_fashion&action=edit&redlink=1) … (/wiki/Category:Years_in_red_carpet_fashion) Art (/wiki/2008_in_art) Archaeology (/wiki/2008_in_archaeology) Architecture (/wiki/2008_in_architecture) Literature (/wiki/2008_in_literature) Music (/wiki/2008_in_music) Philosophy (/wiki/2008_in_philosophy) Science (/wiki/2008_in_science) +... (/wiki/Category:2008) Red carpet fashion in 2008 was affected by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike (/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike) , which led to the cancellation of the Golden Globes that year. [1] (#cite_note-jolson-1) [2] (#cite_note-strike-2) The Oscars were dominated by uncontroversial designs in solid colours which led to criticism of "safe" choices, and drew attention to those who dressed more individually, such as Tilda Swinton (/wiki/Tilda_Swinton) and Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Marion_Cotillard) . [3] (#cite_note-hilary-3) Golden Globe Awards (January 13) [ edit ] Due to the writer's strike the 65th Golden Globe Awards (/wiki/65th_Golden_Globe_Awards) ceremony was not held, with a press conference instead announcing that year's winners. [1] (#cite_note-jolson-1) [4] (#cite_note-Cieply-4) Almost all the celebrities who intended to attend promised to boycott the awards rather than cross threatened picket lines (/wiki/Picketing_(protest)) . [4] (#cite_note-Cieply-4) The cancellation of the Golden Globes was seen as disastrous for the fashion industry, as not only were established designers affected, but the opportunity for up-and-coming designers to achieve widespread recognition through red-carpet exposure of their designs had been severely limited, particularly with the Oscars also under threat. [2] (#cite_note-strike-2) Academy Awards (February 24) [ edit ] The writer's strike, which threatened the 80th Oscars ceremony (/wiki/80th_Academy_Awards) , was lifted on February 12, enabling the event to go ahead. [5] (#cite_note-5) One-shouldered or strapless gowns and solid-coloured, predominantly red dresses were widely worn for the event, going against the trend for vibrant prints. [6] (#cite_note-few-6) Although the "uniform timelessness" of the 2008 Oscar gowns was noted and appreciated, they were also criticised for being "safe" choices. [6] (#cite_note-few-6) Hilary Alexander (/wiki/Hilary_Alexander) of The Daily Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) reported losing count of all the "fitted, strapless, fishtail hem gowns", [3] (#cite_note-hilary-3) and Hal Rubenstein, fashion director at InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) , also noticed a prevalence of timelessly classic solid-coloured strapless dresses (/wiki/Strapless_dress) . [6] (#cite_note-few-6) Simon Doonan (/wiki/Simon_Doonan) described the guests as looking like a "bunch of Republican drears on their way to a constipated night out at the local country club" in their "fussy bustier gowns", applauding Tilda Swinton (/wiki/Tilda_Swinton) 's individualism in her unusual one-sleeved black toga gown by Alber Elbaz (/wiki/Alber_Elbaz) for Lanvin (/wiki/Lanvin_(clothing)) . [7] (#cite_note-doonan-7) He said that the " lowbrow media (/wiki/Tabloid_journalism) ", by criticising anything quirky or unusual dress-wise, had led to many celebrities dressing much more cautiously in order not to attract the "fashion fascism" of negative publicity. [7] (#cite_note-doonan-7) Rubenstein also shared Doonan's admiration for Swinton's dress, saying "This unique dress may have received criticism, but taking a risk at the Oscars is a winning move that we applaud," [8] (#cite_note-8) and included it in 90th place in InStyle's list of the 100 Best Dresses of the Decade. [9] (#cite_note-90dress-9) Hilary Alexander was less convinced, calling Swinton's gown a "shroud", [3] (#cite_note-hilary-3) while others compared it to "trash bags". [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-red-11) Swinton later said that she asked for a comfortable dress that would attract minimal attention, and commented “Little did I know that the really simple, chic dress one might have worn in Paris or Berlin would stick out like a sore thumb in Los Angeles.” [12] (#cite_note-solway-12) Also standing out from the norm, but more universally approved, was Marion Cotillard (/wiki/Marion_Cotillard) 's white and silver Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) mermaid gown with a fishscale pattern which both Alexander and Rubenstein admired. [3] (#cite_note-hilary-3) [6] (#cite_note-few-6) Cotillard was also praised by The Times-Picayune (/wiki/The_Times-Picayune) for bucking the trend for red and wearing the "most inventive look of the evening", [11] (#cite_note-red-11) whilst Pieta Woolley at The Georgia Straight (/wiki/The_Georgia_Straight) said "the only truly Hollywood-worthy gown of the evening". [13] (#cite_note-13) Rubenstein, listing Cotillard's dress as one of the decade's 100 best, declared it "a great introduction for Cotillard. No one is going to repeat this dress." [14] (#cite_note-14) Cosmopolitan magazine, listing the best dresses worn on the red carpet, singled out Katherine Heigl (/wiki/Katherine_Heigl) 's relaxed, "sex bomb" appearance in her vermilion one-shouldered gown by Escada (/wiki/Escada) . [15] (#cite_note-cosmo-15) The dress was described as transforming Heigl from "daffy" into a "cinema diva" and was remembered by Heigl's stylist Nicole Chavez as a "game-changer". [16] (#cite_note-perla-16) The Rocky Mountain News (/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_News) said of Heigl, "Now, this is what a movie star should look like," [17] (#cite_note-17) and the reviewers at The Register-Mail (/wiki/The_Register-Mail) all agreed that Heigl looked outstanding. [18] (#cite_note-trm-18) Also in shades of red were Anne Hathaway (/wiki/Anne_Hathaway) , Miley Cyrus (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) , Helen Mirren (/wiki/Helen_Mirren) , Ruby Dee (/wiki/Ruby_Dee) , and Heidi Klum (/wiki/Heidi_Klum) , whose extravagant Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) gown was auctioned off for the charity The Heart Truth (/wiki/The_Heart_Truth) . [6] (#cite_note-few-6) Alongside Heigl and Hathaway, one-shouldered designs were worn by Hilary Swank (/wiki/Hilary_Swank) and Olivia Thirlby (/wiki/Olivia_Thirlby) . [6] (#cite_note-few-6) Emmys (21 September) [ edit ] Fashions on the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/60th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards) continued the trend for bold colours and one-shoulder designs seen at the Oscars, with trends for metallic, lace and feature necklines (either plunging, sweetheart, or jewel-embellished) also observed by InStyle. [19] (#cite_note-trendsem-19) Whilst reported on at the time, few of the looks received in-depth coverage, and InStyle did not choose any dresses from the event for their Top 100 dresses of the decade. [20] (#cite_note-20) Gallery [ edit ] Teri Hatcher (/wiki/Teri_Hatcher) in a bold yellow Monique Lhuillier (/wiki/Monique_Lhuillier) strapless dress Mariska Hargitay (/wiki/Mariska_Hargitay) in a one-shouldered dress Katrina Bowden (/wiki/Katrina_Bowden) in a beaded dress with a plunging neckline Ashley Jensen (/wiki/Ashley_Jensen) in a black gown with a feature jewelled neckline Other events [ edit ] In Paris, in November 2008, Gwyneth Paltrow (/wiki/Gwyneth_Paltrow) attended the film première of Two Lovers (/wiki/Two_Lovers_(2008_film)) in a short, black-and-white trompe-l'œil (/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il) corset (/wiki/Corset) dress by Antonio Berardi (/wiki/Antonio_Berardi) . [21] (#cite_note-bbcpaltrow-21) Paltrow's choice, which revealed her underwear through sheer black lace panels, led to her being named 4th worst-dressed celebrity of the year by Time (/wiki/Time_(magazine)) . [22] (#cite_note-22) However, it received international attention with one French publication praising its combination of modernity, boldness and minimalism. [23] (#cite_note-23) Spanish language publications commented on how Paltrow successfully combined her " Laura Ingalls (/wiki/Laura_Ingalls_Wilder) " sweetness with elements of " punk (/wiki/Punk_subculture) " edginess, [24] (#cite_note-24) in her on-trend corset-and-lingerie-inspired dress, with ¡Hola! (/wiki/%C2%A1Hola!) using it as an illustration of the new fashion. [25] (#cite_note-25) The dress, which Paltrow described as "one of the absolute favourite dresses I have worn," was subsequently selected by Lucy Yeomans (/wiki/Lucy_Yeomans) of Harper's Bazaar UK (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar#Harper's_Bazaar_UK) to be the 2009 Dress of the Year (/wiki/Dress_of_the_Year) in the permanent collection of the Fashion Museum, Bath (/wiki/Fashion_Museum,_Bath) . [21] (#cite_note-bbcpaltrow-21) References [ edit ] ^ a b Jolson, Jeffrey (7 January 2008). "NBC Cancels Globe Telecast, But will Stars Party On?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100616163002/http://www.hollywoodtoday.net/2008/01/07/nbc-cancels-globe-telecast-but-will-stars-party-on/) . Hollywood Today . Archived from the original (http://www.hollywoodtoday.net/2008/01/07/nbc-cancels-globe-telecast-but-will-stars-party-on/) on 16 June 2010 . Retrieved 17 June 2012 . ^ a b Jones, LaMont (14 January 2008). "Writers' strike is cutting fashion industry's red-carpet exposure" (http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/sectionfront/life/writers-strike-is-cutting-fashion-industrys-red-carpet-exposure-375885/) . Pittsburgh Post Gazette . Retrieved 18 June 2012 . ^ a b c d Alexander, Hilary (25 February 2008). "The best and worst Oscar-night dresses" (https://archive.today/20130505050945/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/hilary-alexander/TMG3364586/The-best-and-worst-Oscar-night-dresses.html) . The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/hilary-alexander/TMG3364586/The-best-and-worst-Oscar-night-dresses.html) on 5 May 2013 . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ a b Cieply, Michael & Carr, David (January 8, 2008). "No Golden Globes Show, Just a News Conference" (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/08/arts/television/08cnd-globes.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved January 8, 2008 . the Hollywood Foreign Press Association announced Monday that the festive awards dinner will be replaced by a news conference at 9 p.m. Eastern time next Sunday night to announce the actual winners ^ (#cite_ref-5) Elber, Lynn (February 13, 2008). "Writers Vote to End 3-Month Walkout" (https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=4277987) . ABC News (/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) . ^ a b c d e f Critchell, Samantha (27 February 2008). "Few fashion faux pas on Oscar red carpet" (http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?id=70815) . The Edge, Boston . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ a b Doonan, Simon (April 2008). "La Swinton Sweeps Oscars in Lanvin" (https://observer.com/2008/03/la-swinton-sweeps-oscars-in-lanvin/) . The New York Observer . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "The Best of 2008: 20 Best Red Carpet Dresses: Tilda Swinton in Lanvin" (http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/general/photos/0,,20239632_20240497_20543589,00.html) . InStyle . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-90dress_9-0) Rubenstein, Hal. "100 Best Dresses of the Decade: Tilda Swinton in Lanvin" (http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/general/photos/0,,20396039_20327331_20711409,00.html) . InStyle . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Agrawai, Meeta. "Oscar Dresses: All-Time Best (and Worst)" (https://archive.today/20130629034351/http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20312010_20688552,00.html) . Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original (http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20312010_20688552,00.html) on June 29, 2013 . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ a b Langenhennig, Susan (26 February 2008). "Oscars fashion: painting the town red" (http://www.nola.com/living/index.ssf/2008/02/oscars_fashion_painting_the_to.html) . The Times-Picayune . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-solway_12-0) Solway, Diane (August 2011). "Planet Tilda" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110713144952/http://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/2011/08/tilda-swinton-cover-story-fashion) . W Magazine . Archived from the original (http://www.wmagazine.com/fashion/2011/08/tilda-swinton-cover-story-fashion) on 13 July 2011 . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Woolley, Pieta (25 February 2008). "Marion Cotillard shines, but 2008's other Oscar stars didn't dress to impress" (https://www.straight.com/blogra/marion-cotillard-shines-2008s-other-oscar-stars-didnt-dress-impress) . The Georgia Straight . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Rubenstein, Hal. "100 Best Dresses of the Decade: Marion Cotillard in Jean Paul Gaultier" (http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/general/photos/0,,20396039_20327331_20706621,00.html#20706931) . InStyle . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-cosmo_15-0) "Oscars Best and Worst Dressed" (http://www.cosmopolitan.com/celebrity/red-carpet-dresses/best-and-worst-oscar-style) . Cosmopolitan (/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)) . 25 February 2011 . Retrieved 24 May 2011 . ^ (#cite_ref-perla_16-0) La Ferla, Ruth (January 20, 2012). "The Power Stylists of Hollywood" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/fashion/hollywoods-power-stylists.html?_r=1) . The New York Times . Retrieved 21 April 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Kennedy, Lesley (1 January 2009). "2008's Best-Dressed" (http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=RM&p_theme=rm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=12572B2DA45DC8B0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM) . Rocky Mountain News . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-trm_18-0) "Oscars:Glam or gaaack?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090214011649/http://www.galesburg.com/lifestyles/x1637673810) . The Register-Mail . 25 February 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.galesburg.com/lifestyles/x1637673810) on 14 February 2009 . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-trendsem_19-0) "Emmy Awards 2008: Top Fashion Trends" (http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/emmys/photos/0,,20227798,00.html) . InStyle . September 2008 . Retrieved 13 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Rubenstein, Hal. "100 Best Dresses of the Decade" (http://www.instyle.com/instyle/package/general/photos/0,,20396039_20327331_20710969,00.html#20708574) . InStyle . Retrieved 12 April 2013 . ^ a b "Bath Fashion Museum announces new Dress of the Year" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/newsid_8503000/8503918.stm) . BBC News . 8 February 2010 . Retrieved 26 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Moore, Sara (24 December 2008). "Time Magazine's worst dressed celebrities of 2008" (http://www.fushionmag.com/entertainment/entertainmentnews/time-magazines-worst-dressed-celebrities-of-2008/) . Fushion Magazine . Retrieved 26 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Coco (14 November 2008). "Tendance dentelle impudique" (http://www.tendances-de-mode.com/2008/11/14/1120-tendance-dentelle-impudique) . Tendances de Mode . Retrieved 26 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Serrano, Ana (7 November 2008). "Gwyneth ha perdido el norte, pero le sienta tan bien..." (http://www.soitu.es/soitu/2008/11/07/tendencias/1226056444_466192.html) Soitu.es . Retrieved 26 April 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Revolución en el mundo de la corsetería: del interior al exterior" (http://www.hola.com/moda/tendencias/2008/11/14/fw0809-in-out/) . ¡Hola! . November 2008 . Retrieved 26 April 2013 . 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Nepalese traditional cap Wikipedia's co-founder Jimmy Wales (/wiki/Jimmy_Wales) wearing Bhadgaunle topi during closing ceremony of Wikimania-2015 (/wiki/Wikimania#2015) , at Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) , Mexico A Bhadgaunle Topi ( Nepali (/wiki/Nepali_language) : भादगाउँले टोपी , romanized: Bhādagāũle Ṭopī ) or Kalo Topi ( Nepali (/wiki/Nepali_language) : कालो टोपी ) is a type of hat worn by Nepalis (/wiki/Nepali_people) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) The hat has been adopted as a part of Nepali national dress (/wiki/National_costume) for men, as an alternative to the Palpali (/wiki/Palpa_District) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) . History [ edit ] The hat is said to be in used since Malla era (/wiki/Malla_dynasty_(Nepal)) in Nepal, according to historians. However, the hat was only limited to Kathmandu Valley (/wiki/Kathmandu_Valley) then. The hat became famous nationwide after King Tribhuvan (/wiki/Tribhuvan_of_Nepal) and his son Mahendra (/wiki/Mahendra_of_Nepal) started wearing it. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Historically, in the Panchayat era (/wiki/Panchayat_(Nepal)) and earlier, the traditional black cap, produced by artisans in Bhaktapur, used to be the preferred accessory for men in Kathmandu. It was not just preferred for formal occasions or daily wear—all Nepali men had to don one if they wanted access to government offices and in halls of power, such as Singha Durbar (/wiki/Singha_Durbar) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Gallery [ edit ] Former PM Girija Prasad Koirala (/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala) wearing Bhadgaunle topi PM Sher Bahadur Deuba (/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba) wearing Bhadgaunle topi Taekwando player Deepak Bista See also [ edit ] Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) References [ edit ] ^ a b "भादगाउँले टोपीको ब्राण्डिङ : कसले पुर्यायो सिंहदरबारसम्म ?" (https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2020/02/835295) . Online Khabar . Retrieved 2023-01-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Bhadgaule topi winning over young hearts | Capital" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150522172149/http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/01/13/capital/bhadgaule-topi-winning-over-young-hearts/400283.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/01/13/capital/bhadgaule-topi-winning-over-young-hearts/400283.html) on 2015-05-22 . Retrieved 2015-07-30 . v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel (/wiki/Cartwheel_hat) Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance 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(/wiki/Capirote) Cappello romano (/wiki/Cappello_romano) Capuchon (/wiki/Capuchon) Christening cap (/wiki/Christening_cap) Galero (/wiki/Galero) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) Easter bonnet (/wiki/Easter_bonnet) Mantilla (/wiki/Mantilla) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Mitre (/wiki/Mitre) Papal tiara (/wiki/Papal_tiara) Pilgrim's (/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat) Salvation Army bonnet (/wiki/Salvation_Army_bonnet) Shovel (/wiki/Shovel_hat) Zucchetto (/wiki/Zucchetto) Eastern (/wiki/Eastern_Christianity) Klobuk (/wiki/Klobuk) Epanokalimavkion (/wiki/Epanokalimavkion) Kalimavkion (/wiki/Kalimavkion) Koukoulion (/wiki/Koukoulion) Skufia (/wiki/Skufia) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Kippah (/wiki/Kippah) Kolpik (/wiki/Kolpik) Spodik (/wiki/Spodik) Shtreimel (/wiki/Shtreimel) Casual (/wiki/Casual_wear) Animal (/wiki/Animal_hat) Ascot (/wiki/Ascot_cap) Barretina (/wiki/Barretina) Beanie (/wiki/Beanie_(seamed_cap)) Beret (/wiki/Beret) Bobble (/wiki/Bobble_hat) Breton (/wiki/Breton_(hat)) Bucket (/wiki/Bucket_hat) Chilote (/wiki/Chilote_cap) Cowboy (/wiki/Cowboy_hat) Boss of the Plains (/wiki/Boss_of_the_Plains) Fruit (/wiki/Fruit_hat) Knit (/wiki/Knit_cap) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Party (/wiki/Party_hat) Shower (/wiki/Shower_cap) Tin foil (/wiki/Tin_foil_hat) Umbrella (/wiki/Umbrella_hat) Whoopee (/wiki/Whoopee_cap) Sports Cricket (/wiki/Cricket_cap) Baggy green (/wiki/Baggy_green) Balaclava (/wiki/Balaclava_(clothing)) Facekini (/wiki/Facekini) Baseball (/wiki/Baseball_cap) Trucker (/wiki/Trucker_hat) Bicycle clip (/wiki/Bicycle_clip_hat) Casquette (/wiki/Casquette) Deerstalker (/wiki/Deerstalker) Horse racing (/wiki/Jockey%27s_cap) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_cap) Rally (/wiki/Rally_cap) Sports visor (/wiki/Sports_visor) Green eyeshade (/wiki/Green_eyeshade) Stormy Kromer (/wiki/Stormy_Kromer_cap) Swimming (/wiki/Swim_cap) Water polo (/wiki/Water_polo_cap) 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Aso Oke (/wiki/Aso_Oke_hat) Astrakhan (hat) (/wiki/Canadian_military_fur_wedge_cap) Ayam (/wiki/Ayam_(cap)) Balmoral bonnet (/wiki/Balmoral_bonnet) Bell-boy (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Beonggeoji (/wiki/Beonggeoji) Bhadgaunle Topi Birke topi (/wiki/Birke_topi) Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Blue bonnet (/wiki/Blue_bonnet_(hat)) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Chullo (/wiki/Chullo) Coloured (/wiki/Coloured_hat) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cork (/wiki/Cork_hat) Dhaka topi (/wiki/Dhaka_topi) Doppa (/wiki/Doppa) Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_cap) Energy dome (/wiki/Energy_dome) Fez (/wiki/Fez_(hat)) Four Winds (/wiki/Four_Winds_hat) Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Fulani (/wiki/Fulani_hat) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gandhi (/wiki/Gandhi_cap) Gat (/wiki/Gat_(hat)) Glengarry (/wiki/Glengarry) Icelandic tail (/wiki/Icelandic_tail-cap) Jaapi (/wiki/Jaapi) Jeongjagwan (/wiki/Jeongjagwan) Jobawi (/wiki/Jobawi) Kalpak (/wiki/Kalpak) Karakul (/wiki/Karakul_(hat)) Kasa (/wiki/Kasa_(hat)) Kashket (/wiki/Kashket) Keffiyeh (/wiki/Keffiyeh) 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(/wiki/G%C4%A7onnella) Gook (/wiki/Gook_(headgear)) Gugel (/wiki/Gugel) Gulle (/wiki/Gulle) Haredi burqa sect (/wiki/Haredi_burqa_sect) Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Hogeon (/wiki/Hogeon) Hood (/wiki/Hood_(headgear)) Jang-ot (/wiki/Jang-ot) Khăn vấn (/wiki/Kh%C4%83n_v%E1%BA%A5n) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Mysore peta (/wiki/Mysore_peta) Niqāb (/wiki/Niq%C4%81b) Pagri (/wiki/Pagri_(turban)) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) Pheta (/wiki/Pheta) Puneri Pagadi (/wiki/Puneri_Pagadi) Roach (/wiki/Roach_(headdress)) Snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) Sudra (/wiki/Sudra_(headdress)) Tichel (/wiki/Tichel) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Turban (/wiki/Turban) Veil (/wiki/Veil) Yashmak (/wiki/Yashmak) Hat parts Agal (/wiki/Agal_(accessory)) Aigrette (/wiki/Aigrette) Brim (/wiki/Hat_brim) Bumper brim (/wiki/Bumper_brim) Campaign cord (/wiki/Campaign_cord) Cointoise (/wiki/Cointoise) Gamsbart (/wiki/Gamsbart) Hackle (/wiki/Hackle) Lappet (/wiki/Lappet) Plume (/wiki/Plume_(feather)) Sarpech (/wiki/Sarpech) Visor (/wiki/Visor) Accessories Cockade (/wiki/Cockade) Feathers (/wiki/Feather) Hat box (/wiki/Hat_box) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) This Nepal (/wiki/Nepal) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Luggage museum in Belgium This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Belmal) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Belmal) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Belmal&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Belmal&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Belmal) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Belmal) for suggestions. ( February 2021 ) This article includes a list of references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , related reading (/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading) , or external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links) , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( November 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) BelMal is a Belgian label-house known for, on the one hand, its private museum collection of antique and ancient travel equipment; and on the other hand the conservation and restoration workshop, and atelier for the design and manufacture of brand-new trunks. Since 2024 BelMal is located in Mons (/wiki/Mons,_Belgium) . In prior times it was situated successively at Ixelles (/wiki/Ixelles) , Manhay (/wiki/Manhay) , and a branch at Durbuy (/wiki/Durbuy) . The Malles de Voyage museum collection comprises antique travelling trunks and related baggage and travel equipment from around the globe. It is the world's most important collection of Belgian trunk-makers. The BelMal Archives include registries of names and brands of trunk makers ( malletier (/wiki/Malletier) ) that were active in Europe and around the globe. There is also a separate registry of Belgian trunk makers and manufacturers of travel objects. In the restoration workshop, led by a person of authority in the field of travel trunks restoration and history, travel trunks are restored for the collection and for third parties. In the same workshop new trunks are made to order; some of the specially commissioned ones carry the BelMal Malletier or GREENE brand names. Courses in the restoration and in the manufacture of trunks, and in the travel equipment history, are part of the educational activity of the affiliate Ecole des Malletiers (formerly called BelMal Conservatory) tribute to 16th century trunk-makers Nicolas Gilbert of Brussels, Belgium and Jean Paré of Paris, France. References [ edit ] RTBF (/wiki/RTBF) , in the C'est du Belge broadcast of 18 September 2009 (BelMal collection and restoration special, featured on the occasion of the opening of the new Liège Guillemins railway station). The Delvaux 180 Years of Belgian Luxury exhibition held at the MoMu Fashion Museum of Antwerp, Belgium, from 17 September 2009 to 21 February 2010 (BelMal featured in the exhibition book-catalog). In Histoire et Passion, a short-movie by Marcel Hellebosch about the BelMal restorer (2009). The movie won the Grand Prize for the Originality of the Subject by the FCVFB, Belgium, in 2010; the Special Grand Prize for the Valorisation of Societal Heritage at Amiens, France, in 2010; and the Prize of the Public at Cognin, France, in 2010. Bibliothèque nationale de France (/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France) (BnF), authority of the person notice FRBNF16523857 (2011), category: restaurateur de malles de voyage. In L'Evénement, the Belgian lifestyle magazine, Issue n° 407 (Winter 2011–2012), article on pages 84 and 85. In Audi Magazine, Belgium edition of the carmaker's magazine, Issue n° 01/2012, article on pages 62 to 65. In Centurion Magazine Online (American Express), caption 'On Refurbished vintage luxury luggage' ('Trunks on show'), 24 August 2012. 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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐598b97dcf7‐r77rv Cached time: 20240702195146 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.001 seconds Real time usage: 0.002 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35539690-0!canonical and timestamp 20240702195146 and revision id 1184659643. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. F Scottish fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Scottish_fashion_designers) (18 P) Pages in category "Scottish businesspeople in fashion" The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Lynsey Alexander (/wiki/Lynsey_Alexander) B Harry Benson (/wiki/Harry_Benson) E Nick Ede (/wiki/Nick_Ede) David Eustace (/wiki/David_Eustace) H Mark Heyes (/wiki/Mark_Heyes) M Charles Macintosh (/wiki/Charles_Macintosh) Alexander MacRae (/wiki/Alexander_MacRae) Penny Martin (/wiki/Penny_Martin) Denise McAdam (/wiki/Denise_McAdam) Charles Daniel McDonald (/wiki/Charles_Daniel_McDonald) Paul Mitchell (hairdresser) (/wiki/Paul_Mitchell_(hairdresser)) Michelle Mone, Baroness Mone (/wiki/Michelle_Mone,_Baroness_Mone) R Rankin (photographer) (/wiki/Rankin_(photographer)) Caroline Rush (/wiki/Caroline_Rush) S Trevor Sorbie (/wiki/Trevor_Sorbie) W Albert Watson (photographer) (/wiki/Albert_Watson_(photographer)) Kim Winser (/wiki/Kim_Winser) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Scottish_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=1184659643 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Scottish_businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=1184659643) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : British businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:British_businesspeople_in_fashion) Scottish businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Scottish_businesspeople) Scottish fashion (/wiki/Category:Scottish_fashion)
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Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Business portal (/wiki/Portal:Business) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Hong Kong portal (/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐2p8wb Cached time: 20240719213002 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.052 seconds Real time usage: 0.099 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 25/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1910/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.030/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1032581/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 85.115 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 85.115 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35767933-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719213002 and revision id 1220654475. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Hong Kong fashion businesspeople" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Jackie Chan (/wiki/Jackie_Chan) Pakho Chau (/wiki/Pakho_Chau) Flora Cheong-Leen (/wiki/Flora_Cheong-Leen) M Kevin Ma (/wiki/Kevin_Ma) T David Tang (/wiki/David_Tang) Francis Tien (/wiki/Francis_Tien) Michael Tien (/wiki/Michael_Tien) Z Allan Zeman (/wiki/Allan_Zeman) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hong_Kong_fashion_businesspeople&oldid=1220654475 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hong_Kong_fashion_businesspeople&oldid=1220654475) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Chinese businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Chinese_businesspeople_in_fashion) Hong Kong businesspeople by industry (/wiki/Category:Hong_Kong_businesspeople_by_industry) Hong Kong fashion designers (/wiki/Category:Hong_Kong_fashion_designers)
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For more information, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) . This category contains fashion related articles, whose importance has been assessed on the Version 1.0 Editorial Team importance scale (/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Release_Version_Criteria#Importance_of_topic) . Place one of the following codes on the article's talk page: {{Fashion|class=XXX|importance=Top}} {{Fashion|class=XXX|importance=High}} {{Fashion|class=XXX|importance=Mid}} {{Fashion|class=XXX|importance=Low}} {{Fashion|class=XXX|importance=NA}} {{Fashion|class=XXX|importance=Unknown}} See also: Category:Fashion articles by quality (/wiki/Category:Fashion_articles_by_quality) Top (/wiki/Category:Top-importance_fashion_articles) High (/wiki/Category:High-importance_fashion_articles) Mid (/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_fashion_articles) Low (/wiki/Category:Low-importance_fashion_articles) NA (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) ??? (/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_fashion_articles) Total 58 389 1,470 5,571 1,994 2,672 12,154 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐ff98d5cb5‐954s2 Cached time: 20240722163723 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.059 seconds Real time usage: 0.087 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 708/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5775/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1020/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 12/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 920/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.016/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 647034/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 78.445 1 -total 36.11% 28.323 1 Template:Cat_more 31.88% 25.005 1 Template:Hatnote 29.24% 22.935 1 Template:Articles_by_Importance 17.51% 13.735 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 16.73% 13.123 1 Template:See_also 11.42% 8.955 1 Template:Category_other 9.16% 7.185 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 8.70% 6.828 6 Template:Importance 7.51% 5.894 4 Template:Cat_in_use Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10104021-0!canonical and timestamp 20240722163723 and revision id 970415572. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. 0–9 Top-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:Top-importance_fashion_articles) (58 P) High-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:High-importance_fashion_articles) (389 P) Mid-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_fashion_articles) (1,470 P) Low-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:Low-importance_fashion_articles) (5,571 P) N NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) (1,994 P) U Unknown-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:Unknown-importance_fashion_articles) (2,672 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_articles_by_importance&oldid=970415572 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Fashion_articles_by_importance&oldid=970415572) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Wikipedia 1.0 assessments (/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_1.0_assessments) WikiProject Fashion articles (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Fashion_articles) Hidden category: Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
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Procedures for preparing a corpse for viewing Funeral cosmetology , also known as mortuary makeup or restorative arts , sometimes known by the older name desairology , are activities related to the practice of viewing (/wiki/Viewing_(funeral)) a deceased person in their open casket prior to burial. If a family requests a viewing, the funeral director (/wiki/Funeral_director) will discuss with the family how they would like the decedent to appear, and even ask the family to provide a reference photo of the deceased. This photo may be given to the desairologist. A decedent's usual hairdresser (/wiki/Hairdresser) may also be called upon. In the United States [ edit ] The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration) 's official view is that while no certification is required to practice funeral cosmetology, a person must be a licensed cosmetologist, funeral director, or embalmer to perform cosmetic services on deceased persons. In many funeral homes, unless the family requests special services or a certain cosmetologist, funeral home personnel do the necessary cosmetic preparations. According to the National Accrediting Commission of Cosmetology Arts and Sciences (/wiki/National_Accrediting_Commission_of_Cosmetology_Arts_and_Sciences) (NACCAS), no schools in the United States currently offer specific programs of study for mortuary cosmetologists, however, many schools offer classes on mortuary services as part of their cosmetology curriculum. States don’t require special licensing for mortuary cosmetologists beyond the standard cosmetology license, which is a requirement for cosmetologists in all 50 U.S. states. [1] (#cite_note-1) See also [ edit ] Embalming (/wiki/Embalming) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Mortuary Cosmetologist Career" (http://career.iresearchnet.com/career-information/mortuary-cosmetologist-career/) . Retrieved 2016-07-31 . External links [ edit ] "DESAIROLOGY - Funeral Caregiving Guide" (https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=19140&recCount=25&recPointer=1&bibId=3719187#/42) . Library of Congress . Retrieved 2021-12-21 . "DESAIROLOGIST - Hair Stylist Jobs" (http://www.indeed.com/forum/job/hair-stylist/DESAIROLOGIST/t241364) . Indeed.com . Retrieved 2016-06-05 . "Mortuary Cosmetologist Career Information - IResearchNet" (http://career.iresearchnet.com/career-information/mortuary-cosmetologist-career/) . Career.iresearchnet.com . Retrieved 2016-06-05 . "Desairology Law & Legal Definition" (http://definitions.uslegal.com/d/desairology/) . Definitions.uslegal.com . Retrieved 2016-06-05 . "Respect for dead guides her life path - tribunedigital-chicagotribune" (http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-09-21/news/0309210104_1_cosmetology-hair-sign-language) . Articles.chicagotribune.com . 2003-09-21 . Retrieved 2016-06-05 . "Quigley's Cabinet: Desairology" (http://quigleyscabinet.blogspot.com/2009/01/desairology.html) . Quigleyscabinet.blogspot.com . 2009-01-29 . Retrieved 2016-06-05 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6f5ccb59c8‐86vq2 Cached time: 20240623072758 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.208 seconds Real time usage: 0.268 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 407/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11012/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 584/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19329/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.142/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4183356/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 250.345 1 -total 58.68% 146.896 7 Template:Cite_web 50.26% 125.833 1 Template:Reflist 33.44% 83.718 1 Template:Short_description 18.71% 46.828 2 Template:Pagetype 9.24% 23.130 3 Template:Main_other 8.12% 20.329 1 Template:SDcat 0.95% 2.382 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:50694950-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623072758 and revision id 1149742286. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Funeral_cosmetology&oldid=1149742286 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Funeral_cosmetology&oldid=1149742286) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Personal care and service occupations (/wiki/Category:Personal_care_and_service_occupations) Cosmetics (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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Portal maintenance status: (June 2018) This portal's subpages (/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Portal:Visual_arts/) have been checked by an editor, and are needed. Please take care (/wiki/Wikipedia:CAREFUL) when editing, especially if using automated editing software (/wiki/Wikipedia:ASSISTED) . Learn how to update the maintenance information here (/wiki/Template:Portal_maintenance_status#How_to_update_the_maintenance_information_for_a_portal) . Wikipedia portal for content related to Visual arts THE VISUAL ARTS PORTAL Introduction Shortcuts (/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut) P:ART (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:ART&redirect=no) P:VA (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:VA&redirect=no) The Church at Auvers (/wiki/The_Church_at_Auvers) , an oil painting (/wiki/Oil_painting) by Vincent van Gogh (/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh) (1890) The visual arts (/wiki/Visual_arts) are art forms (/wiki/Art_form) such as painting (/wiki/Painting) , drawing (/wiki/Drawing) , printmaking (/wiki/Printmaking) , sculpture (/wiki/Sculpture) , ceramics (/wiki/Ceramics_(art)) , photography (/wiki/Photography) , video (/wiki/Video) , filmmaking (/wiki/Filmmaking) , comics (/wiki/Comics) , design (/wiki/Design) , crafts (/wiki/Craft) , and architecture (/wiki/Architecture) . Many artistic disciplines, such as performing arts (/wiki/Performing_arts) , conceptual art (/wiki/Conceptual_art) , and textile arts (/wiki/Textile_arts) , also involve aspects of the visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts (/wiki/Applied_arts) , such as industrial design (/wiki/Industrial_design) , graphic design (/wiki/Graphic_design) , fashion design (/wiki/Fashion_design) , interior design (/wiki/Interior_design) , and decorative art (/wiki/Decorative_art) . Current usage of the term "visual arts" includes fine art (/wiki/Fine_art) as well as applied (/wiki/Applied_art) or decorative arts (/wiki/Decorative_art) and crafts (/wiki/Craft) , but this was not always the case. Before the Arts and Crafts Movement (/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_Movement) in Britain (/wiki/United_Kingdom) and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term ' artist (/wiki/Artist) ' had for some centuries often been restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the decorative arts, crafts, or applied visual arts media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement, who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms. Art schools (/wiki/Art_school) made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of the arts (/wiki/The_arts) . The increasing tendency to privilege painting, and to a lesser degree sculpture, above other arts has been a feature of Western art (/wiki/Western_art) as well as East Asian (/wiki/Eastern_art_history) art. In both regions, painting has been seen as relying to the highest degree on the imagination of the artist and being the furthest removed from manual labour – in Chinese painting (/wiki/Chinese_painting) , the most highly valued styles were those of "scholar-painting", at least in theory practiced by gentleman amateurs. The Western hierarchy of genres (/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres) reflected similar attitudes. ( Full article... (/wiki/Visual_arts) ) Outline of the visual arts (/wiki/Outline_of_the_visual_arts) Refresh with new selections below (purge) edit Selected article One of the rock garden's many miniature buildings, 2013 Petersen Rock Garden (/wiki/Petersen_Rock_Garden) , formerly Petersen's Rock Garden and also known as the Petersen Rock Gardens , is a rock garden and museum on 4 acres (1.6 ha), located between the cities of Bend (/wiki/Bend,_Oregon) and Redmond (/wiki/Redmond,_Oregon) in Deschutes County, Oregon (/wiki/Deschutes_County,_Oregon) , United States. Rasmus Petersen, a Danish immigrant who settled in Central Oregon (/wiki/Central_Oregon) in the early 1900s, began constructing the garden in 1935 using rocks he found within an 85-mile (137 km) radius of his family home. Petersen constructed detailed miniature castles, churches and other small buildings and monuments from a variety of rock types. He incorporated other design elements such as bridges, water features, and natural landscaping (/wiki/Natural_landscaping) . Petersen worked on the garden until his death in 1952; the garden has remained in his family's care since then. The garden, considered a roadside attraction (/wiki/Roadside_attraction) with novelty architecture (/wiki/Novelty_architecture) , includes roaming peafowl (/wiki/Peafowl) and a museum with a gift shop that sells rocks. In 2011, Petersen Rock Garden was named one of Oregon's Most Endangered Places (/wiki/List_of_Oregon%27s_Most_Endangered_Places) by the Historic Preservation League of Oregon (now known as Restore Oregon (/wiki/Restore_Oregon) ). In 2012, accidental damage to one of the stone bridges by a contractor catalyzed an effort to document the garden using laser scanning (/wiki/Laser_scanning) and other technologies. The garden was closed temporarily in 2013 to undergo repair and review for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places) . Petersen has been praised for his creative work, and the garden has received a positive reception for its uniqueness and local significance. Listing on the National Register was achieved on October 30, 2013. The garden closed indefinitely in 2016 because of high repair costs. In June 2022, Petersen was listed for sale. ( Full article... (/wiki/Petersen_Rock_Garden) ) List of selected articles National Gallery (/wiki/National_Gallery) Dürer's Rhinoceros (/wiki/D%C3%BCrer%27s_Rhinoceros) Sistine Chapel ceiling (/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling) Buddhist art (/wiki/Buddhist_art) The Four Stages of Cruelty (/wiki/The_Four_Stages_of_Cruelty) Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima (/wiki/Raising_the_Flag_on_Iwo_Jima) Northwest Coast art (/wiki/Northwest_Coast_art) Campbell's Soup Cans (/wiki/Campbell%27s_Soup_Cans) House with Chimaeras (/wiki/House_with_Chimaeras) Hoysala architecture (/wiki/Hoysala_architecture) Impressionism (/wiki/Impressionism) Dutch Golden Age painting (/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting) Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball (/wiki/Preparing_for_a_Fancy_Dress_Ball) Funerary art (/wiki/Funerary_art) Oviri (/wiki/Oviri) The Raft of the Medusa (/wiki/The_Raft_of_the_Medusa) Book of Kells (/wiki/Book_of_Kells) Olmec colossal heads (/wiki/Olmec_colossal_heads) Grant Memorial coinage (/wiki/Grant_Memorial_coinage) Weather Machine (/wiki/Weather_Machine) Whaam! (/wiki/Whaam!) Léal Souvenir (/wiki/L%C3%A9al_Souvenir) Warlugulong (/wiki/Warlugulong) Migration of the Serbs (painting) (/wiki/Migration_of_the_Serbs_(painting)) Ukiyo-e (/wiki/Ukiyo-e) Hope (painting) (/wiki/Hope_(painting)) The Princesse de Broglie (/wiki/The_Princesse_de_Broglie) The World Before the Flood (/wiki/The_World_Before_the_Flood) The Swimming Hole (/wiki/The_Swimming_Hole) Nativity (Christus) (/wiki/Nativity_(Christus)) Louvre (/wiki/Louvre) Hermitage Museum (/wiki/Hermitage_Museum) National Museum of China (/wiki/National_Museum_of_China) Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) Vatican Museums (/wiki/Vatican_Museums) Vkhutemas (/wiki/Vkhutemas) Scottish art in the nineteenth century (/wiki/Scottish_art_in_the_nineteenth_century) Mathematics and architecture (/wiki/Mathematics_and_architecture) Bois Protat (/wiki/Bois_Protat) Stars (M. C. Escher) (/wiki/Stars_(M._C._Escher)) Freydal (/wiki/Freydal) Low-key photography (/wiki/Low-key_photography) National Museum of African Art (/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_Art) Arts Club of Chicago (/wiki/Arts_Club_of_Chicago) Urania's Mirror (/wiki/Urania%27s_Mirror) A Vision of the Last Judgement (/wiki/A_Vision_of_the_Last_Judgement) B of the Bang (/wiki/B_of_the_Bang) Happy Brothers (/wiki/Happy_Brothers) Skagen Painters (/wiki/Skagen_Painters) The Proclamation of Dušan's Law Codex (/wiki/The_Proclamation_of_Du%C5%A1an%27s_Law_Codex) Skaters in the Bois de Boulogne (/wiki/Skaters_in_the_Bois_de_Boulogne) Burnham Pavilions (/wiki/Burnham_Pavilions) Pop art (/wiki/Pop_art) Lascaux (/wiki/Lascaux) Photojournalism (/wiki/Photojournalism) Beaune Altarpiece (/wiki/Beaune_Altarpiece) Dresden Triptych (/wiki/Dresden_Triptych) Four Freedoms (Rockwell) (/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(Rockwell)) Holy Thorn Reliquary (/wiki/Holy_Thorn_Reliquary) Museum of Bad Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Bad_Art) Portrait of Mariana of Austria (/wiki/Portrait_of_Mariana_of_Austria) Statue of Liberty (/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty) September Morn (/wiki/September_Morn) Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball (/wiki/Preparing_for_a_Fancy_Dress_Ball) The Blind Leading the Blind (/wiki/The_Blind_Leading_the_Blind) The Cloisters (/wiki/The_Cloisters) The Disasters of War (/wiki/The_Disasters_of_War) Tornado over Kansas (/wiki/Tornado_over_Kansas) The Entombment (Bouts) (/wiki/The_Entombment_(Bouts)) Vkhutemas (/wiki/Vkhutemas) Head VI (/wiki/Head_VI) Hope (painting) (/wiki/Hope_(painting)) Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots (/wiki/Illustrations_of_the_Family_of_Psittacidae,_or_Parrots) The Garden of Earthly Delights (/wiki/The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights) Marriage License (/wiki/Marriage_License) edit Selected picture Liberty Leading the People Liberty Leading the People Credit: Aavindraa (/wiki/User:Aavindraa) Liberty Leading the People (/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People) is a painting by Eugène Delacroix (/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix) commemorating the July Revolution (/wiki/July_Revolution) of 1830, which toppled Charles X of France (/wiki/Charles_X_of_France) . A woman personifying Liberty (/wiki/Liberty) leads the people forward over the bodies of the fallen, holding the tricolore (/wiki/Flag_of_France) flag (/wiki/Flag) of the French Revolution (/wiki/French_Revolution) in one hand and brandishing a bayonetted musket (/wiki/Musket) with the other. The painting is perhaps Delacroix's best-known work. More selected pictures (/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts/image) edit Selected quote “ Many are willing to suffer for their art. Few are willing to learn to draw. ” — Simon Munnery (/wiki/Simon_Munnery) , Attention Scum! More selected quotes... (/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts/Selected_quote) edit Related portals Anime and manga (/wiki/Portal:Anime_and_manga) Animation (/wiki/Portal:Animation) Architecture (/wiki/Portal:Architecture) Arts (/wiki/Portal:Arts) Cartoon (/wiki/Portal:Cartoon) Comics (/wiki/Portal:Comics) Computer programming (/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Film (/wiki/Portal:Film) Heraldry (/wiki/Portal:Heraldry) History (/wiki/Portal:History) Numismatics (/wiki/Portal:Numismatics) Painting (/wiki/Portal:Painting) Philately (/wiki/Portal:Philately) Television (/wiki/Portal:Television) Textile arts (/wiki/Portal:Textile_arts) Theatre (/wiki/Portal:Theatre) Video games (/wiki/Portal:Video_games) edit Selected biography Jean Bellette (/wiki/Jean_Bellette) (occasionally Jean Haefliger ; 25 March 1908 – 16 March 1991) was an Australian artist (/wiki/Australian_art) . Born in Tasmania (/wiki/Tasmania) , she was educated in Hobart (/wiki/Hobart) and at Julian Ashton (/wiki/Julian_Ashton) 's art school in Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) , where one of her teachers was Thea Proctor (/wiki/Thea_Proctor) . In London she studied under painters Bernard Meninsky (/wiki/Bernard_Meninsky) and Mark Gertler (/wiki/Mark_Gertler_(artist)) . A modernist (/wiki/Modernism) painter, Bellette was influential in mid-twentieth century Sydney art circles. She frequently painted scenes influenced by the Greek tragedies (/wiki/Greek_tragedy) of Euripides (/wiki/Euripides) and Sophocles (/wiki/Sophocles) and the epics of Homer (/wiki/Homer) . The only woman to have won the Sulman Prize (/wiki/Sulman_Prize) more than once, Bellette claimed the accolade in 1942 with For Whom the Bell Tolls , and in 1944 with Iphigenia in Tauris . She helped found the Blake Prize for Religious Art (/wiki/Blake_Prize_for_Religious_Art) , and was its inaugural judge. Bellette married artist and critic Paul Haefliger (/wiki/Paul_Haefliger) in 1935. The couple moved to Majorca (/wiki/Majorca) in 1957; although she visited and exhibited in Australia thereafter, she did not return there to live, and became peripheral to the Australian art scene. ( Full article... (/wiki/Jean_Bellette) ) List of selected biographies Florence Fuller (/wiki/Florence_Fuller) Henry Moore (/wiki/Henry_Moore) Vincent van Gogh (/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh) El Greco (/wiki/El_Greco) James B. Longacre (/wiki/James_B._Longacre) Emily Sartain (/wiki/Emily_Sartain) Daisy Jugadai Napaltjarri (/wiki/Daisy_Jugadai_Napaltjarri) Caspar David Friedrich (/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich) Maria Dulębianka (/wiki/Maria_Dul%C4%99bianka) Lisa del Giocondo (/wiki/Lisa_del_Giocondo) Stefan Lochner (/wiki/Stefan_Lochner) Eleanor Norcross (/wiki/Eleanor_Norcross) Danie Mellor (/wiki/Danie_Mellor) Herbert Maryon (/wiki/Herbert_Maryon) El Lissitzky (/wiki/El_Lissitzky) Xue Susu (/wiki/Xue_Susu) Iso Rae (/wiki/Iso_Rae) Auguste Rodin (/wiki/Auguste_Rodin) Roman Vishniac (/wiki/Roman_Vishniac) Salvador Dalí (/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD) Paul Kane (/wiki/Paul_Kane) Adolfo Farsari (/wiki/Adolfo_Farsari) Pierre Rossier (/wiki/Pierre_Rossier) Caravaggio (/wiki/Caravaggio) Chaim Koppelman (/wiki/Chaim_Koppelman) Francis Bacon (artist) (/wiki/Francis_Bacon_(artist)) Jacob van Ruisdael (/wiki/Jacob_van_Ruisdael) Robert Peake the Elder (/wiki/Robert_Peake_the_Elder) Benedetto Pistrucci (/wiki/Benedetto_Pistrucci) John Michael Wright (/wiki/John_Michael_Wright) Tom Thomson (/wiki/Tom_Thomson) Michelangelo (/wiki/Michelangelo) Leonardo da Vinci (/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci) Rembrandt (/wiki/Rembrandt) William Adam (architect) (/wiki/William_Adam_(architect)) Karoly Grosz (illustrator) (/wiki/Karoly_Grosz_(illustrator)) William Bliss Baker (/wiki/William_Bliss_Baker) Gasparo Cairano (/wiki/Gasparo_Cairano) Joanne Gair (/wiki/Joanne_Gair) M. C. Escher (/wiki/M._C._Escher) Olek (artist) (/wiki/Olek_(artist)) Grandma Moses (/wiki/Grandma_Moses) Han Sai Por (/wiki/Han_Sai_Por) Banksy (/wiki/Banksy) Pierre-Auguste Renoir (/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir) John Thirtle (/wiki/John_Thirtle) Constance Stokes (/wiki/Constance_Stokes) D. H. Turner (/wiki/D._H._Turner) Edward Thomas Daniell (/wiki/Edward_Thomas_Daniell) George Vincent (painter) (/wiki/George_Vincent_(painter)) Edward Mitchell Bannister (/wiki/Edward_Mitchell_Bannister) Kanae Yamamoto (artist) (/wiki/Kanae_Yamamoto_(artist)) Kacey Wong (/wiki/Kacey_Wong) Gengoroh Tagame (/wiki/Gengoroh_Tagame) Neri Oxman (/wiki/Neri_Oxman) Emeka Ogboh (/wiki/Emeka_Ogboh) Ugochukwu-Smooth Nzewi (/wiki/Ugochukwu-Smooth_Nzewi) Maija Isola (/wiki/Maija_Isola) Hans Namuth (/wiki/Hans_Namuth) Did you know (auto generated) - load new batch ... that the art of Irma Blank (/wiki/Irma_Blank) , of "drawing languages without words" and including sounds, was recognised in the 1970s but fell into obscurity until a rediscovery in the 2010s? ... that Bernie Wrightson (/wiki/Bernie_Wrightson) spent seven years drawing an illustrated edition (/wiki/Bernie_Wrightson%27s_Frankenstein) of Mary Shelley (/wiki/Mary_Shelley) 's 1818 novel Frankenstein (/wiki/Frankenstein) ? ... that The Wiccan Web (/wiki/The_Wiccan_Web) recommends drawing pentagrams on your computer screen with tinctures? ... that Diminish and Ascend (/wiki/Diminish_and_Ascend) has been called a real-life M. C. Escher (/wiki/M._C._Escher) drawing? ... that the documentary Railway with a Heart of Gold (/wiki/Railway_with_a_Heart_of_Gold) has actual footage of a derailment captured whilst the filmmaker (/wiki/Carson_Davidson) was attached to the side of the train? ... that Mexican filmmaker David Zonana (/wiki/David_Zonana) wrote his first feature film after producing for two other directors? ... that the British rap song " Jiggle Jiggle (/wiki/Jiggle_Jiggle) " by filmmaker Louis Theroux (/wiki/Louis_Theroux) has been used in more than two million TikTok (/wiki/TikTok) videos? ... that The Summer Hikaru Died (/wiki/The_Summer_Hikaru_Died) went from drawings on a Twitter account to receiving three times more orders than copies available in its first print run (/wiki/Print_circulation) ? Archive (/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts/Did_you_know/Archive) edit General images The following are images from various visual arts-related articles on Wikipedia. Bharat Mata by Abanindranath Tagore (/wiki/Abanindranath_Tagore) (1871–1951), a nephew of the poet Rabindranath Tagore (/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore) , and a pioneer of the movement (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Spanish cave painting of Bulls (/wiki/Cattle) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Muromachi period (/wiki/Muromachi_period) , Shingei (/wiki/Shingei) (1431–1485), Viewing a Waterfall , Nezu Museum, Tokyo. (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) A Chinese painted jar from the Western Han Era (/wiki/Han_Dynasty) (202 BCE – 9 CE) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Irbid, Jordan, "We are Arabs. We are Humans". Inside Out (/wiki/Inside_Out_Project) is a global participatory art project, initiated by the French photographer JR (/wiki/JR_(artist)) , an example of Street art (/wiki/Street_art) (from Contemporary art (/wiki/Contemporary_art) ) Kiasma (/wiki/Kiasma) , a contemporary art museum in Helsinki (/wiki/Helsinki) , Finland (/wiki/Finland) (from Contemporary art (/wiki/Contemporary_art) ) Max Ernst (/wiki/Max_Ernst) , 1920, early Surrealism (/wiki/Surrealism) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Colour (from Graphic design (/wiki/Graphic_design) ) Young Mother Sewing , Mary Cassatt (/wiki/Mary_Cassatt) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Edward Hopper (/wiki/Edward_Hopper) , Nighthawks (/wiki/Nighthawks_(painting)) , 1942, an American Scene painting (/wiki/American_Scene_painting) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Silk painting depicting a man riding a dragon (/wiki/Silk_painting_depicting_a_man_riding_a_dragon) , painting on silk (/wiki/Silk) , dated to 5th–3rd century BC, Warring States (/wiki/Warring_States) period, from Zidanku Tomb no. 1 in Changsha (/wiki/Changsha) , Hunan (/wiki/Hunan) Province (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Wayang beber (/wiki/Wayang) , 17th century (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Hand stencils in the "Tree of Life" cave painting in Gua Tewet, Kalimantan (/wiki/Kalimantan) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Juan Luna (/wiki/Juan_Luna) , La Bulaqueña (/wiki/La_Bulaque%C3%B1a) , 1895 (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Pierre Bonnard (/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard) , 1913, European modernist Narrative painting (/wiki/Modernism) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Gwion Gwion rock paintings (/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings) found in the north-west Kimberley region of Western Australia (/wiki/Kimberley_region_of_Western_Australia) c. 15,000 BC (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Diego Rivera (/wiki/Diego_Rivera) , Recreation of Man at the Crossroads (/wiki/Man_at_the_Crossroads) (renamed Man, Controller of the Universe (/wiki/Man,_Controller_of_the_Universe) ), originally created in 1934, Mexican muralism (/wiki/Mexican_muralism) movement (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (/wiki/Rock_Shelters_of_Bhimbetka) , rock painting (/wiki/Rock_painting) , Stone Age (/wiki/Stone_Age) , India (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Pictographs (/wiki/Pictograph) from the Great Gallery, Canyonlands National Park, Horseshoe Canyon (/wiki/Horseshoe_Canyon_(Utah)) , Utah (/wiki/Utah) , c. 1500 BCE (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Patrick Henry Bruce (/wiki/Patrick_Henry_Bruce) , American modernism (/wiki/American_modernism) , 1924 (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Graphic symbols are often functionalist (/wiki/Form_follows_function) and anonymous, as these pictographs (/wiki/Pictograph) from the US National Park Service (/wiki/National_Park_Service) illustrate. (from Graphic design (/wiki/Graphic_design) ) Cueva de las Manos (/wiki/Cueva_de_las_Manos) (Spanish for Cave of the Hands) in the Santa Cruz province in Argentina, c. 7300 BC (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) The Museum of Contemporary Art (/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_North_Miami) in Miami, Florida (/wiki/Miami,_Florida) . (from Contemporary art (/wiki/Contemporary_art) ) Golden section in book design (from Graphic design (/wiki/Graphic_design) ) The Sakyamuni Buddha (/wiki/Gautama_Buddha) , by Zhang Shengwen (/wiki/Zhang_Shengwen) , 1173–1176 AD, Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) period. (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) The Eternal Father Painting the Virgin of Guadalupe . Attributed to Joaquín Villegas (1713 – active in 1753) (Mexican) (painter, Museo Nacional de Arte (/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Arte) . (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Francis Picabia (/wiki/Francis_Picabia) , (Left) Le saint des saints c'est de moi qu'il s'agit dans ce portrait , 1 July 1915; (center) Portrait d'une jeune fille americaine dans l'état de nudité , 5 July 1915: (right) J'ai vu et c'est de toi qu'il s'agit, De Zayas! De Zayas! Je suis venu sur les rivages du Pont-Euxin , New York, 1915 (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Morgan Russell (/wiki/Morgan_Russell) , Cosmic Synchromy (1913–14), Synchromism (/wiki/Synchromism) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Max Beckmann (/wiki/Max_Beckmann) , The Night (Die Nacht) (/wiki/The_Night_(painting)) , 1918–1919, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen (/wiki/Kunstsammlung_Nordrhein-Westfalen) , Düsseldorf (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (/wiki/Rock_Shelters_of_Bhimbetka) , rock painting (/wiki/Rock_painting) , Stone Age (/wiki/Stone_Age) , India (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Marcel Duchamp (/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp) , Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (/wiki/Nude_Descending_a_Staircase,_No._2) , 1912, Philadelphia Museum of Art (/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Juan Luna (/wiki/Juan_Luna) , The Parisian Life (/wiki/The_Parisian_Life_(painting)) , 1892 (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Baptism of Christ on a medieval Nubian (/wiki/Nubians) painting from Old Dongola (/wiki/Old_Dongola) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Spring Morning in the Han Palace , by Ming-era artist Qiu Ying (/wiki/Qiu_Ying) (1494–1552 AD) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Petroglyphs (/wiki/Petroglyphs) , from Sweden, Nordic Bronze Age (/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age) (painted) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Paul Klee (/wiki/Paul_Klee) , 1922, Bauhaus (/wiki/Bauhaus) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Book of Hours (/wiki/Book_of_Hours) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) A fresco showing Hades (/wiki/Hades) and Persephone (/wiki/Persephone) riding in a chariot (/wiki/Chariot) , from the tomb of Queen Eurydice I of Macedon (/wiki/Eurydice_I_of_Macedon) at Vergina (/wiki/Vergina) , Greece, 4th century BC (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Pettakere Cave (/wiki/Caves_in_the_Maros-Pangkep_karst) are more than 44,000 years old, Maros (/wiki/Maros) , South Sulawesi (/wiki/South_Sulawesi) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) A Boeing 747 aircraft with livery (/wiki/Livery) designating it as Air Force One (/wiki/Air_Force_One) . The cyan forms, the US flag (/wiki/US_flag) , presidential seal (/wiki/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States) and the Caslon (/wiki/Caslon) lettering, were all designed at different times, by different designers, for different purposes, and combined by designer Raymond Loewy (/wiki/Raymond_Loewy) in this one single aircraft exterior design. (from Graphic design (/wiki/Graphic_design) ) Lascaux (/wiki/Lascaux) , Horse (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Qianlong Emperor (/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor) Practicing Calligraphy (/wiki/Calligraphy) , mid-18th century. (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Lascaux (/wiki/Lascaux) , Bulls and Horses (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Cover of the Thanksgiving 1895 issue of The Chap-Book , designed by Will H. Bradley (/wiki/Will_H._Bradley) (from Graphic design (/wiki/Graphic_design) ) An Ethiopian (/wiki/Ethiopia) illuminated (/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript) Evangelist portrait (/wiki/Evangelist_portrait) of Mark the Evangelist (/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist) , from the Ethiopian Garima Gospels (/wiki/Garima_Gospels) , 6th century AD, Kingdom of Aksum (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) The Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art (/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Montsoreau-Museum_of_Contemporary_Art) ( France (/wiki/France) ), is a private institution based in a Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance) castle. (from Contemporary art (/wiki/Contemporary_art) ) Lascaux (/wiki/Lascaux) , Aurochs (/wiki/Aurochs) ( Bos primigenius primigenius ) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Two Scribes Seated with Books and a Writing Table Fragment of a decorative margin Northern India (Mughal school), ca. 1640–1650 (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Hellenistic Greek (/wiki/Hellenistic_art) terracotta (/wiki/Terracotta) funerary wall painting (/wiki/Mural) , 3rd century BC (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Loquats and Mountain Bird , anonymous artist of the Southern Song dynasty (/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty) ; paintings in leaf album style such as this were popular in the Southern Song (1127–1279). (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) A fresco from Cave 1 of Ajanta. (/wiki/Ajanta_Caves#Cave_1) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Due to its interdisciplinary nature, graphic design can be performed in different areas of application: branding, technical and artistic drawing, signage, photography, image and video editing, 3D modeling (/wiki/3D_modeling) , animation, programming, among other fields. (from Graphic design (/wiki/Graphic_design) ) Joan Miró (/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3) , Horse, Pipe and Red Flower , 1920, abstract Surrealism, Philadelphia Museum of Art (/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Eland (/wiki/Common_Eland) , rock painting (/wiki/Rock_painting) , Drakensberg (/wiki/Drakensberg) , South Africa (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Henri Matisse (/wiki/Henri_Matisse) 1909, late Fauvism (/wiki/Fauvism) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Piet Mondrian (/wiki/Piet_Mondrian) , "Composition No. 10" 1939–1942, De Stijl (/wiki/De_Stijl) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Barnett Newman (/wiki/Barnett_Newman) , Untitled Etching 1 (First Version) , 1968, Minimalism (/wiki/Minimalism) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Mother Goddess (/wiki/Mother_Goddess) A miniature painting of the Pahari (/wiki/Pahari_painting) style, dating to the eighteenth century. Pahari and Rajput miniatures share many common features. (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Grant Wood (/wiki/Grant_Wood) , 1930, social realism (/wiki/Social_realism) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Edvard Munch (/wiki/Edvard_Munch) , 1893, early example of Expressionism (/wiki/Expressionism) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Rembrandt van Rijn (/wiki/Rembrandt) , The Jewish Bride , ca. 1665–1669 (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Giorgio de Chirico (/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico) 1914, pre- Surrealism (/wiki/Surrealism) (from History of painting (/wiki/History_of_painting) ) Image 1 Image 2 Image 3 Image 4 Image 5 Image 6 Image 7 Image 8 Image 9 Image 10 Image 11 Image 12 Image 13 Image 14 Image 15 Image 16 Image 17 Image 18 Image 19 Image 20 Image 21 Image 22 Image 23 Image 24 Image 25 Image 26 Image 27 Image 28 Image 29 Image 30 Image 31 Image 32 Image 33 Image 34 Image 35 Image 36 Image 37 Image 38 Image 39 Image 40 Image 41 Image 42 Image 43 Image 44 Image 45 Image 46 Image 47 Image 48 Image 49 Image 50 Image 51 Image 52 Image 53 Image 54 Image 55 Image 56 Image 57 Image 58 Image 59 Image 60 Image 61 Image 62 Show all edit Major topics Types of visual art – Architecture (/wiki/Architecture) • Art intervention (/wiki/Art_intervention) • Ceramic art (/wiki/Ceramic_art) • Computer art (/wiki/Computer_art) • Drawing (/wiki/Drawing) • Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) • Film (/wiki/Film) • Installation art (/wiki/Installation_art) • Land art (/wiki/Land_art) • Mixed media (/wiki/Mixed_media) • Painting (/wiki/Painting) • Performance art (/wiki/Performance_art) • Photography (/wiki/Photography) • Printmaking (/wiki/Printmaking) • Sculpture (/wiki/Sculpture) • Stained glass (/wiki/Stained_glass) Art history – Pre-historic art (/wiki/Pre-historic_art) • Ancient art (/wiki/Ancient_art) • Art of Ancient Egypt (/wiki/Art_of_Ancient_Egypt) • Art in Ancient Greece (/wiki/Art_in_Ancient_Greece) • Minoan pottery (/wiki/Minoan_pottery) • Scythian art (/wiki/Scythian_art) • Roman art (/wiki/Roman_art) • Women artists (/wiki/Women_artists) Western art periods and movements – Medieval art (/wiki/Medieval_art) • Gothic art (/wiki/Gothic_art) • Renaissance (/wiki/Renaissance_art) • Mannerism (/wiki/Mannerism) • Baroque (/wiki/Baroque) • Rococo (/wiki/Rococo) • Neoclassicism (/wiki/Neoclassicism) • Romanticism (/wiki/Romanticism) • Realism (/wiki/Realism_(visual_arts)) • Modern Art (/wiki/Modern_Art) • Impressionism (/wiki/Impressionism) • Symbolism (/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)) • Fauvism (/wiki/Fauvism) • Proto-Cubism (/wiki/Proto-Cubism) • Cubism (/wiki/Cubism) • Futurism (/wiki/Futurism) • Dada (/wiki/Dada) • Art Deco (/wiki/Art_Deco) • Surrealism (/wiki/Surrealism) • Abstract Expressionism (/wiki/Abstract_Expressionism) • Lyrical abstraction (/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction) • Conceptual Art (/wiki/Conceptual_Art) • Contemporary Art (/wiki/Contemporary_Art) • Postmodern art (/wiki/Postmodern_art) visual arts (/wiki/Visual_arts) . Eastern and Middle Eastern art – Buddhist art (/wiki/Buddhist_art) • Chinese art (/wiki/Chinese_art) • Islamic art (/wiki/Islamic_art) • Japanese art (/wiki/Japanese_art) • Laotian art (/wiki/Laotian_art) • Thai art (/wiki/Thai_art) • Tibetan art (/wiki/Tibetan_art) Lists – Architects (/wiki/List_of_architects) • Art movements (/wiki/List_of_art_movements) • Art periods (/wiki/Art_periods) • Painters (/wiki/List_of_painters_by_name) • Printmakers (/wiki/List_of_printmakers) • Sculptors (/wiki/List_of_sculptors) • Statues (/wiki/List_of_statues) Lists of basic topics – Visual arts (/wiki/List_of_basic_visual_arts_topics) • Architecture (/wiki/List_of_basic_architecture_topics) • Film (/wiki/List_of_basic_film_topics) • Painting (/wiki/List_of_basic_painting_topics) • Photography (/wiki/List_of_basic_photography_topics) • Sculpture (/wiki/List_of_basic_sculpture_topics) v t e Visual arts (/wiki/Visual_arts) and the art world (/wiki/Art_world) Artwork Appropriation 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Here are some Open Tasks (/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts/Things_you_can_do) : Article requests (/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Culture_and_fine_arts/Visual_arts) : Art of Central America (/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Central_America&action=edit&redlink=1) – Claus Bury (/w/index.php?title=Claus_Bury&action=edit&redlink=1) – Paint thatch (/w/index.php?title=Paint_thatch&action=edit&redlink=1) – Art horse (/w/index.php?title=Art_horse&action=edit&redlink=1) – Downtown Gallery – Marie Sterner – Isabel Carleton Wilde – Grace Borgenicht – Anita Reuben– Virginia Zabriskie – Beatrice Monti della Corte – Martha Jackson – Bertha Schaefer – Jill Kornblee – Pat Hearn – Gracie Mansion – Andrea Rosen – Marianne Boesky – Mary Sabbatino – Accola Greifen – Janelle Reiring (Metro Pictures Gallery) – Luisa Strina – Shaun Caley Regen, Regen Projects – Rhona Hoffman – Andrea Meislin more... 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Evening pumps with spool heel (1918), A.E. Little & Co. A spool heel is a shoe heel (/wiki/Heel_(shoe)) that is wide at the top and bottom and narrower in the middle, [1] (#cite_note-1) so resembling a cotton spool or an hourglass. [2] (#cite_note-2) Spool heels were fashionable in Europe during the Baroque (/wiki/Baroque) [3] (#cite_note-3) and Rococo (/wiki/Rococo) [4] (#cite_note-4) periods. Its other periods of popularity include the 1860s [5] (#cite_note-5) and the 1950s. [6] (#cite_note-6) This look has been popularized by John Fluevog (/wiki/John_Fluevog) . A low spool heel has a small distinctive flare at the heel bottom. Higher spool heels are close to resembling a stiletto heel (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) , but with a flare at the bottom. Spool heels provide comfort for the wearer and are considered a practical heeled shoe option. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Chambers, Bernice Gertrude (1942). Color and design in apparel . Prentice-Hall (/wiki/Prentice-Hall) . p. 462. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1703151 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1703151) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Pratt, Lucy; Linda Woolley (1999). Shoes . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) . p. 124. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-85177-285-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Baker, Georgia O'Daniel (2000). A handbook of costume drawing: a guide to drawing the period figure for costume design students . Focal Press (/wiki/Focal_Press) . p. 94. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-240-80403-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Girotti, Eugenia (1996). Footwear . Chronicle Books (/wiki/Chronicle_Books) . p. 92. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8118-1469-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Barton, Lucy (1963). Historic costume for the stage . W. H. Baker. p. 441. OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 331332 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/331332) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Probert, Christina (1981). Shoes in Vogue since 1910 . Abbeville Press (/wiki/Abbeville_Press) . p. 52 (https://archive.org/details/shoesinvoguesinc0000prob/page/52) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-89659-241-4 . External links [ edit ] High Heel Sandals (https://www.highheelsonline.ch/) Hoge Hakken (https://www.heels-high.nl/) v t e Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Abandoned footwear (/wiki/Abandoned_footwear) Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Shoemaking (/wiki/Shoemaking) Shoe size (/wiki/Shoe_size) Dress shoes (/wiki/Dress_shoe) Blucher (/wiki/Blucher_shoe) Brogues (/wiki/Brogue_shoe) Brothel creepers (/wiki/Brothel_creeper) Derby (/wiki/Derby_shoe) Monks (/wiki/Monk_shoe) Oxfords (/wiki/Oxford_shoe) Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes) (/wiki/Spectator_shoe) Winklepickers (/wiki/Winklepicker) Wholecuts (/wiki/Wholecut) Slip-on shoes (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe) Court shoes (/wiki/Court_shoe) Prince Albert slippers (/wiki/Slipper#Types) Loafers (/wiki/Slip-on_shoe#Types_of_loafer) Venetian-style shoes (/wiki/Venetian-style_shoe) Women's Ballet flats (/wiki/Ballet_flat) High-heeled footwear (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Mary Janes (/wiki/Mary_Jane_(shoe)) Mojari (/wiki/Mojari) Mules (/wiki/Mule_(shoe)) Peep-toe shoes 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Abacas (/wiki/Abaca_slippers) Abarkas (/wiki/Abarka) Alpargatas (/wiki/Espadrille) Avarcas (/wiki/Avarca) Balghas (/wiki/Balgha) Bast shoes (/wiki/Bast_shoe) Ciocie (/wiki/Ciocie) Clogs (/wiki/Clog) Espadrilles (/wiki/Espadrille) Furlane (/wiki/Furlane_(shoe)) Galesh (/wiki/Galesh) Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Giveh (/wiki/Giveh) Haferlschuh (/wiki/Haferlschuh) Hnyat-phanats (/wiki/Hnyat-phanat) Huarache (/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)) Hwa (/wiki/Hwa) Jipsin (/wiki/Jipsin) Jorabs (/wiki/Jorabs) Kamiks (/wiki/Kamik) Kolhapuri chappals (/wiki/Kolhapuri_chappal) Moccasins (/wiki/Moccasin) Mojaris (/wiki/Mojari) Mukluks (/wiki/Mukluk) Nalins (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Opanci (/wiki/Opanak) Peshawari chappals (/wiki/Peshawari_chappal) Snowshoes (/wiki/Snowshoe) Tsarouchi (/wiki/Tsarouchi) Takunya (/wiki/Turkish_clogs) Upanah (/wiki/Upanah) Valenkis (/wiki/Valenki) Waraji (/wiki/Waraji) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) Historical footwear Areni-1 shoes (/wiki/Areni-1_shoe) Buskins (/wiki/Buskin) Calcei (/wiki/Calcei) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Carbatina (/wiki/Carbatina) Cavalier boots (/wiki/Cavalier_boot) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbill shoes (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Flowerpot shoes (/wiki/Flowerpot_shoe) Hessians (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoe) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Shoe construction Bespoke shoes (/wiki/Bespoke_shoes) Blake construction (/wiki/Blake_construction) Goodyear welt (/wiki/Goodyear_welt) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Shoelaces (/wiki/Shoelaces) Toe box (/wiki/Toe_box) High heels (/wiki/High-heeled_shoe) Clear heels (/wiki/Clear_heels) Kitten heels (/wiki/Kitten_heel) Spool heels Stiletto heels (/wiki/Stiletto_heel) Wedges (/wiki/Wedge_(footwear)) Hosiery Anklets (/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_sock) Footwraps (/wiki/Footwrap) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) List of shoe styles (/wiki/List_of_shoe_styles) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spool_heel&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐2phmz Cached time: 20240716055412 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.376 seconds Real time usage: 0.738 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 595/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 46108/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 214/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 36630/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.238/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16802396/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 375.881 1 -total 55.65% 209.183 4 Template:Navbox 54.88% 206.283 1 Template:Footwear 39.50% 148.460 1 Template:Reflist 33.17% 124.677 6 Template:Cite_book 28.55% 107.330 7 Template:Transl 8.52% 32.030 1 Template:Flatlist 5.58% 20.977 1 Template:Fashion-stub 5.09% 19.127 1 Template:Asbox 1.87% 7.047 1 Template:Icon Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:8509314-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716055412 and revision id 1024922037. 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Packaging for cosmetics Nail polish in glass bottle with dispenser built into cap Lipstick in plastic disperser package Examples from Italy Jar for cold cream (/wiki/Cold_cream) from the first half of the 20th century. From the Museo del Objeto del Objeto (/wiki/Museo_del_Objeto_del_Objeto) collection. The term cosmetic packaging is used for containers (/wiki/Container) (primary packaging) and secondary packaging of fragrances (/wiki/Aroma_compound) and cosmetic products (/wiki/Cosmetics) . [1] (#cite_note-Cosper-Purposes-of-cosmetic-packaging-1) [2] (#cite_note-Turner-ISO22715-2) Cosmetic products are substances intended for human cleansing, beautifying and promoting an enhanced appearance without altering the body's structure or functions. [3] (#cite_note-FDA-Cosmetics_Definition-3) Cosmetic packaging is governed by an international norm set by the International Organization for Standardization (/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization) and by national or regional regulations such as those of the EU (/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)) or the FDA (/wiki/FDA) . Marketers and manufacturers must comply with these to distribute their products in the corresponding areas of jurisdiction (/wiki/Jurisdiction_(area)) . [4] (#cite_note-Turner-legally_binding-4) History [ edit ] A cosmetic container , cosmetic box , or cosmetic vessel is found in the historical records, both as an artifact, as relief (/wiki/Relief) items in some cultures, and are sometimes referenced in historical or archaeological literature. They are sometimes created in specific styles, shapes, or motifs. The named 'cosmetic vessel' in Ancient Greece (/wiki/Ancient_Greece) is the pyxis (/wiki/Pyxis_(vessel)) . In Ancient Egypt (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) artifacts of hieroglyphically (/wiki/Hieroglyph) inscribed kohl tubes (/wiki/Tube_(fluid_conveyance)) are found; also kohl (/wiki/Kohl_(cosmetics)) vessels, and kohl spoons, which were formed in stylized shapes relevant to Egyptian ideology, including specific hieroglyphs. The use of the cosmetic vessel may extend to trinket items, car-keys, toiletry accessories, for example a nail clipper; as a non-toiletry storage container, it becomes an 'all-purpose' decorated, special-use vessel. Containers are known from many societies, ancient and modern. The Native Americans (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) of the Americas made small containers woven from basketry materials, including pine needles. Ancient Egypt [ edit ] In Ancient Egypt (/wiki/Ancient_Egypt) toiletry items began in the Predynastic Period (/wiki/Predynastic_Period) with ivory cosmetic articles; also bone, stone, or pottery. Ivory combs, and kohl (/wiki/Kohl_(cosmetics)) spoons were among the first, with many shapes; common themes for shapes became the ankh (/wiki/Ankh) symbol, ducks, lotus flowers, etc. In the time of the Predynastic and Old Kingdom (/wiki/Old_Kingdom) , bowls were also mechanically drilled (/wiki/Hand_drill_(hieroglyph)) , including miniature sizes, and were used in life and also included as grave goods (/wiki/Grave_goods) . The bowls were either a type of unguent jar (/wiki/Jar) , or a toiletry "kohl cosmetic vessel". The desert sun or Nile (/wiki/Nile) floodwaters during inundation produced a need for facial-eye protection, using 'eyepaint' or eyeliner, when working in the flooded lands; theoretically it was also used by males. The creation of predynastic cosmetic palettes (/wiki/Cosmetic_palette) with their eyepaint 'mixing circle', may have been the start of the lineage of the kohl cosmetic artifacts (/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)) . The famed Narmer Palette (/wiki/Narmer_Palette) , which scholars believe to commemorate the unification of upper and lower Egypt, is believed to be such a cosmetic article, perhaps even for the cosmetics of the king. [5] (#cite_note-AHA-Palette_of_King_Narmer-5) Description [ edit ] The term cosmetic packaging includes primary and secondary packaging. Primary packaging, also called cosmetic containers, is housing the cosmetic product. It is in direct contact with the cosmetic product. Secondary packaging is the outer wrapping of one or several cosmetic containers. An important difference between primary and secondary packaging is that any information that is necessary to clarify the safety of the product must appear on the primary package. Otherwise, much of the required information can appear on just the secondary packaging. The cosmetic container shall carry the name of the distributor (/wiki/Distributor) , the ingredients (/wiki/Ingredient) , define storage, nominal content, product identification (e.g., batch number), warning notices, and directions for use. The secondary packaging shall, in addition, carry the address of the distributor and information on the cosmetic's mode of action. The secondary packaging does not need to carry any product identification notice. In cases where the cosmetic product is only wrapped by one single container, this container needs to carry all the information. [6] (#cite_note-Cosper-PackagingFDA-6) Purpose of cosmetic packaging [ edit ] There are multiple reasons why care must be put into cosmetic containers. Not only must they protect the product, they need to provide conveniences for vendors and ultimately consumers. The main purpose of a cosmetic container is to protect (#Protection) the product while it is in storage or being transported. The container must be a well thought out solution that protects the product from deterioration and helps preserve its quality. It must be an attractive looking container as part of the marketing of a beauty product. The container must also contain labels (#Labelling) that legibly display basic information about the product and the manufacturer. These labels include contact information, ingredients, expiration dates, warnings and instructions. Labels not only identify products and their origins, they help provide consumers with the facts that cannot be confusing or misleading. Ideally, the container is made of durable material to give the product a long shelf life. It must last even longer through consumer use. The frequent opening and closing of the container can take a toll on its condition over time. Ultimately, the container must protect the product to the degree that it remains a safe product for human consumption. In other words, the container must shield the product from dirt, dust and germs. The aesthetics (/wiki/Aesthetics) of the container are considered extremely important since cosmetic products are mainly sold on brand image (#Creation_of_brand_awareness) . Since cosmetic products are not considered medicine or survival products, the marketing of cosmetics depends heavily on associating brand awareness with emotion. The container must convey emotions (/wiki/Emotion) about how the product will improve one's appearance and attitude. Many times cosmetics are repackaged and rebranded to help give them more market visibility. [1] (#cite_note-Cosper-Purposes-of-cosmetic-packaging-1) [7] (#cite_note-Cosper-Reasons-to-change-7) [8] (#cite_note-FDA:_Fair_Packaging_and_Labelling_Act-8) Protection [ edit ] The main purpose of a container is to store the product so that it is not degraded through storage, shipping and handling. [1] (#cite_note-Cosper-Purposes-of-cosmetic-packaging-1) Degradation and damage can be caused by various causes. These causes can be categorized into biological (/wiki/Biological_process) , chemical (/wiki/Chemical_reaction) , thermal (/wiki/Temperature) causes, damage caused by radiation (/wiki/Radiation_damage) and damage caused by human interaction, by electric sources or by pressure (/wiki/Pressure) . [6] (#cite_note-Cosper-PackagingFDA-6) In addition to protecting the product, packaging also plays a big role marketing (/wiki/Marketing) cosmetic products. [9] (#cite_note-9) While product quality is a major factor in the product's success, its packaging must be attractive since that's the essence of beauty marketing. Package design must capture the imagination and be associated with enhancing appearance. One of the keys to attractive packaging is the artistic use of colors. Most relevant for the marketer is the outer secondary packaging. However, there are cosmetics which are distributed in one single cosmetic container. [1] (#cite_note-Cosper-Purposes-of-cosmetic-packaging-1) Creation of brand awareness [ edit ] Cosmetic packages must not only convey beauty (/wiki/Beauty) , they must equate to brand awareness (/wiki/Brand_awareness) . Since the package is what the consumer initially sees, it is very influential in shaping perceptions about the product. Part of building brand awareness for a cosmetic product is associating it with emotion (/wiki/Emotion) . Since it is not a survival product it is marketed to appeal to the desire to enhance appearance. The packaging must stimulate this emotion. [1] (#cite_note-Cosper-Purposes-of-cosmetic-packaging-1) Labelling [ edit ] Labels (/wiki/Label) tell consumers what they need to know about the product, as far as how to use it and where it comes from. Companies must list the ingredients and the function of the product, especially when it is unclear. The label must contain the contact information of the entity responsible for putting the product on the market. Labels also provide product tracking information. The label must be easy to read, particularly for a customer where the product is being displayed. Certain compositions, such as perfumes, can be listed as one ingredient. Secondary packages are what the consumer sees as the outermost package. Primary packages are within the secondary package. Certain information can appear just on secondary packages. The most important information, particularly if the product is prone to misuse, must be displayed on both the primary and secondary packaging. [2] (#cite_note-Turner-ISO22715-2) [10] (#cite_note-CosmeticsEurope-10) Information accuracy [ edit ] One of the most important aspects of regulations on labeling is that the information is accurate. Although the FDA does not have the resources to inspect all cosmetic products on the market, it can issue penalties for various violations involving packaging and labeling. It is the manufacturer's responsibility to make sure that its product is safe for public consumption. [1] (#cite_note-Cosper-Purposes-of-cosmetic-packaging-1) Avoidance of misleading information [ edit ] None of the information, including name and address, may be misleading. Words can be abbreviated only if it is clear what they represent. All text must be printed clearly on the packaging. Smaller packages in which text is too difficult to read should include tags with legible text. [1] (#cite_note-Cosper-Purposes-of-cosmetic-packaging-1) [2] (#cite_note-Turner-ISO22715-2) Listing of ingredients [ edit ] Ingredients must be listed in a certain order with priority given to ingredients that represent 1% or more of the volume. These ingredients must be listed in descending order, based on weight. This group of ingredients is then followed by those that represent 1% or less of the product and listed in any order. Colorants may also be listed in any order. [1] (#cite_note-Cosper-Purposes-of-cosmetic-packaging-1) [2] (#cite_note-Turner-ISO22715-2) Packaging in multiple layers [ edit ] Many times cosmetic products are packaged in multiple layers. Whenever it is difficult to detect for the consumer, the number of units should be listed on the outer package, which should contain details about how to use the product and warnings on what to do if it is misused. It is essential that the product is protected from environmental elements such as mould (/wiki/Mold_(fungus)) and bacteria (/wiki/Bacteria) . The packaging must be sufficient enough to protect the mechanical, thermal, biological, and chemical properties of the product. It should also be strong enough to withstand human tampering and radiation damage (/wiki/Radiation_damage) . [2] (#cite_note-Turner-ISO22715-2) FDA and EU regulations [ edit ] The FDA oversees cosmetic packaging but does not test products. It leaves testing for safety up to manufacturers. It still provides regulations and can issue recalls when a product is associated with safety hazards. While the FDA does not have many restrictions on ingredients for cosmetic products, it does require that certain chemicals and colorants be listed. [6] (#cite_note-Cosper-PackagingFDA-6) [11] (#cite_note-FDA-CosmeticsLaw-11) As far as EU regulations (/wiki/EU_regulation) regarding packaging, manufacturers must be compliant with EC No. 1223/2009. One of these requirements involves the manufacturer issuing a safety report before putting the product on the market. The manufacturer must also disclose any serious undesirable effects (SUE) to the EU. Marketers are required to list nano-materials. The EU's definition of "ingredients" does not include raw or technical materials used in production that do not end up in the final product. In some cases when durability is an issue, the manufacturer must list an expiration date after the product has been opened. The words "best used before" are common for identifying the product expiration date. [12] (#cite_note-EU-Regulation-On-Cosmetics-12) [13] (#cite_note-Cosper-Packaging-in-EU-13) [14] (#cite_note-CosmeticsEuropeRegulation-14) ISO-Standard [ edit ] Standard ISO 22715 (/wiki/ISO_22715) provides specifications for the packaging and labeling of all cosmetic products that are sold or distributed at no charge; i.e. free samples. National regulations dictate what products are to be regarded as cosmetics. While ISO 22715 is not legally binding, national regulations regarding cosmetic products can be even stricter than those laid out in ISO 22715. The link between standards (/wiki/International_standard) and regulations (/wiki/Regulation) is that a standard often represents the common denominator of national law (/wiki/National_law) , as the standardization (/wiki/Standardization) committee consists of members of most countries. [4] (#cite_note-Turner-legally_binding-4) Standards and regulations [ edit ] In addition to cosmetic containers meeting the requirements of ISO, they must also comply with regulations set by the European Union (/wiki/European_Union) and the United States (/wiki/United_States) . Cosmetics products marketed in the EU must comply with the EU-Regulation (/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)) (EC) No. 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on cosmetic products. The entity that puts the product on the market, known as the "responsible person," must prepare a product safety report for the EU. Manufacturers (/wiki/Manufacturer) must notify the EU Cosmetic Products Notification Portal (CPNP) when they plan on putting products on the market. Some of the main EU requirements include identifying colorants (/wiki/Colorants) and nanomaterials (/wiki/Nanomaterial) and disclosing serious undesirable effects (SUE) to the EU. [12] (#cite_note-EU-Regulation-On-Cosmetics-12) [13] (#cite_note-Cosper-Packaging-in-EU-13) [14] (#cite_note-CosmeticsEuropeRegulation-14) The main issues to remember about labels on cosmetic containers is that they provide safety guidance, including instructions for use and proper disposal. In the United States, companies must comply with the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Although the FDA (/wiki/FDA) does exercise authority over the cosmetic industry, it does not allocate sufficient resources to constantly monitor the industry. ISO defines an ingredient as a material that makes up the final product and not necessarily raw materials used in the production of the product. While the FDA does not have strict requirements for ingredients, they must still be listed on the primary container or secondary package. [11] (#cite_note-FDA-CosmeticsLaw-11) [15] (#cite_note-Cosper:AboutFDA-15) Environmental aspects [ edit ] Main article: Sustainable packaging (/wiki/Sustainable_packaging) The materials used for cosmetic containers are of concern for both protective and sustainable reasons. The container must protect the product from environmental elements and it must also move in the direction of eco-friendly solutions. In other words, the more the container can be recycled, the better for both the environment and cost efficiency. Some of the factors that affect container durability include how the product substance responds to usage, chemical composition and biology. It is essential that the container is able to withstand mold (/wiki/Mold_(fungus)) and mildew (/wiki/Mildew) , as well as contaminants (/wiki/Contaminant) . The container must be made of materials resistant to hot or cold temperatures. It must also protect the product from ultraviolet rays, which can potentially damage the product. The container also cannot absorb product substances. Traditionally, plastic material or glass have been used to house cosmetics. Aluminum has become a popular type of container due to its lightweight yet sturdy quality, flexibility, durability and recyclability. A key factor in what type of material can be used for containers is how compatible the material is with the product. [16] (#cite_note-ASI-Sustainability-16) There is also a choice of eco-friendly boxes for cosmetic packaging. Companies also use custom cosmetic boxes for the packaging of their products. Plastic packaging materials are controversially discussed because of their polluting (/wiki/Plastic_pollution) effects in particular to the marine environment. In 2014, a scientific study estimates the amount of floating plastics in the world's oceans (/wiki/Marine_pollution#Plastic_debris) to 5 trillion pieces with an accumulated weight of 250,000 tons. [17] (#cite_note-Paper-PlasticPollution-17) Examples [ edit ] Kohl tube (/w/index.php?title=Kohl_tube&action=edit&redlink=1) , Ancient Egypt with hieroglyph inscription Egyptian kohl container & statuette Recent historical round-type container, North America. 19th century tin by Desjardin (/wiki/Desjardin) Metal Packaging Plastic bottles and tubes References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h Cosper, Alex. "Purposes of Cosmetic Packaging" (http://www.desjardin.fr/blog/purposes-of-cosmetic-packaging) . Retrieved 2 November 2016 . ^ a b c d e Cosper, Alex. "Cosmetic packaging compliant to ISO 22715" (http://www.desjardin.fr/blog/cosmetic-packaging-compliant-to-iso-22715) . Desjardin . Retrieved 2 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-FDA-Cosmetics_Definition_3-0) "Is It a Cosmetic, a Drug, or Both? (Or Is It Soap?)" (https://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm074201.htm) . U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) . Retrieved 2 November 2016 . ^ a b Turner, Dawn M. "Is the Standard ISO 22715 on Cosmetic Packaging legally binding?" (http://www.desjardin.fr/blog/is-the-standard-iso-22715-on-cosmetic-packaging-legally-binding) . Desjardin . Retrieved 2 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-AHA-Palette_of_King_Narmer_5-0) "Palette of King Narmer" (https://www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching-resources/teaching-and-learning-in-the-digital-age/world-history/images-of-power-art-as-an-historiographic-tool/palette-of-king-narmer) . American Historical Association . Retrieved 17 November 2016 . ^ a b c Cosper, Alex. "What you should know when packaging cosmetics compliant to FDA regulations" (http://www.desjardin.fr/blog/what-you-should-know-when-packaging-cosmetics-compliant-to-fda-regulations) . Desjardin . Retrieved 2 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cosper-Reasons-to-change_7-0) Cosper, Alex. "7 good Reasons to Change your Cosmetic Packaging" (http://www.desjardin.fr/blog/7-good-reasons-to-change-your-cosmetic-packaging) . Desjardin . Retrieved 17 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-FDA:_Fair_Packaging_and_Labelling_Act_8-0) "Regulatory Information: Fair Packaging and Labelling Act" (https://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Legislation/ucm148722.htm) . FDA U.S. Food & Drug Administration . Retrieved 17 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Shivsharan, U S (2014), PACKAGING OF COSMETICS: A REVIEW , D.S.T.S. Mandal’s college of pharmacy ^ (#cite_ref-CosmeticsEurope_10-0) "Understanding the label" (https://www.cosmeticseurope.eu/cosmetic-products/understanding-label/) . Cosmetics Europe Association . Retrieved 3 November 2016 . ^ a b "Cosmetics & U.S. Law" (https://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm2005209.htm) . U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) . Retrieved 2 November 2016 . ^ a b "REGULATION (EC) No 1223/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products" (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32009R1223) . THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION . Retrieved 2 November 2016 . ^ a b Cosper, Alex. "What you should know when packaging cosmetics compliant to EU regulations" (http://www.desjardin.fr/blog/what-you-should-know-when-packaging-cosmetics-compliant-to-eu-regulations) . Desjardin . Retrieved 2 November 2016 . ^ a b "Understanding the Cosmetics Regulation" (https://www.cosmeticseurope.eu/cosmetics-industry/understanding-cosmetics-regulation/) . Cosmetics Europe Association . Retrieved 3 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Cosper:AboutFDA_15-0) Cosper, Alex. "What you should know when packaging cosmetics compliant to FDA regulations" (http://www.desjardin.fr/blog/what-you-should-know-when-packaging-cosmetics-compliant-to-fda-regulations) . Desjardin . Retrieved 17 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-ASI-Sustainability_16-0) "Aluminium and Sustainability" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161020061711/http://aluminium-stewardship.org/about-asi/aluminium-and-sustainability/) . Aluminium Stewardship Initiative. Archived from the original (http://aluminium-stewardship.org/about-asi/aluminium-and-sustainability/) on 20 October 2016 . Retrieved 17 November 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Paper-PlasticPollution_17-0) Ericksen, Marcus; Lebreton, Laurent; Carson, Henry; Thiel, Martin; Moore, Charles; Borerro, Jose; Galgani, Francois (2014). "Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262196) . PLOS ONE . 9 (12): e111913. Bibcode (/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)) : 2014PLoSO...9k1913E (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PLoSO...9k1913E) . doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1371/journal.pone.0111913 (https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0111913) . PMC (/wiki/PMC_(identifier)) 4262196 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262196) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 25494041 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25494041) . Books [ edit ] Lockhart, H., and Paine, F.A., "Packaging of Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare Products", 1996, Blackie, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7514-0167-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7514-0167-6) Yam, K.L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-470-08704-6 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-08704-6) Dayan. N, "Formulating, Packaging, and Marketing of Natural Cosmetic Products", 2011 External links [ edit ] www.http://eur-lex.europa.eu/cosmetics (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32009R1223) https://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation (https://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm2005209.htm) www.iso.org/iso 22715:2006 (http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=36436) v t e Packaging (/wiki/Packaging) General topics Active packaging (/wiki/Active_packaging) Child-resistant packaging (/wiki/Child-resistant_packaging) Contract packager (/wiki/Contract_packager) Edible packaging (/wiki/Edible_packaging) Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging (/wiki/Modified_atmosphere/modified_humidity_packaging) Overpackaging (/wiki/Overpackaging) Package delivery (/wiki/Package_delivery) Package pilferage (/wiki/Package_pilferage) Package testing (/wiki/Package_testing) Package theft (/wiki/Package_theft) Packaging engineering (/wiki/Packaging_engineering) Resealable packaging (/wiki/Resealable_packaging) Reusable packaging (/wiki/Reusable_packaging) Reuse of bottles (/wiki/Reuse_of_bottles) Shelf life (/wiki/Shelf_life) Shelf-ready packaging (/wiki/Shelf-ready_packaging) Shelf-stable (/wiki/Shelf-stable_food) Sustainable packaging (/wiki/Sustainable_packaging) Tamper-evident (/wiki/Tamper-evident_technology) Tamper resistance (/wiki/Tamper_resistance) Wrap rage (/wiki/Wrap_rage) Product packages Alternative wine closure (/wiki/Alternative_wine_closure) Ammunition box (/wiki/Ammunition_box) Banana box (/wiki/Banana_box) Beer bottle (/wiki/Beer_bottle) Box wine (/wiki/Box_wine) Case-ready meat (/wiki/Case-ready_meat) Coffee bag (/wiki/Coffee_bag) Cosmetic packaging Currency packaging (/wiki/Currency_packaging) Disposable food packaging (/wiki/Disposable_food_packaging) Drink can (/wiki/Drink_can) Egg carton (/wiki/Egg_carton) Evidence packaging (/wiki/Evidence_packaging) Field ration (/wiki/Field_ration) 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(Redirected from Fur trading (/w/index.php?title=Fur_trading&redirect=no) ) Worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur "Fur Trade" redirects here. For the band, see Fur Trade (band) (/wiki/Fur_Trade_(band)) . This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fur_trade) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Fur trade" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fur+trade%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fur+trade%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fur+trade%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fur+trade%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fur+trade%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fur+trade%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) A fur trader in Fort Chipewyan (/wiki/Fort_Chipewyan) , Northwest Territories (/wiki/District_of_Athabasca) in the 1890s A fur shop in Tallinn (/wiki/Tallinn) , Estonia (/wiki/Estonia) in 2019 Fur muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) manufacturer's 1949 advertisement The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur (/wiki/Animal_fur) . Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period (/wiki/Early_modern_period) , furs of boreal (/wiki/Boreal_ecosystem) , polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia (/wiki/Siberia) , northern North America (/wiki/North_America) , and the South Shetland (/wiki/South_Shetland_Islands) and South Sandwich Islands (/wiki/South_Sandwich_Islands) . Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping (/wiki/Trapping) , but has become controversial. Animal rights (/wiki/Animal_rights) organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. [1] (#cite_note-1) Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic (/wiki/Synthetic_fiber) imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas (/wiki/Parka) . Continental fur trade Russian fur trade Before the European colonization of the Americas, Russia was a major supplier of fur pelts to Western Europe and parts of Asia. Its trade developed in the Early Middle Ages (/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages) (500–1000 AD/CE), first through exchanges at posts around the Baltic (/wiki/Baltic_Sea) and Black (/wiki/Black_Sea) seas. The main trading market destination was the German city of Leipzig (/wiki/Leipzig) . [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher1943197-2) Kievan Rus' (/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27) was the first supplier of the Russian fur trade. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher19431-3) Originally, Russia exported raw furs, consisting in most cases of the pelts of martens (/wiki/Marten) , beavers (/wiki/Beaver) , wolves (/wiki/Wolf) , foxes (/wiki/Fox) , squirrels (/wiki/Squirrel) and hares (/wiki/Hare) . Between the 16th and 18th centuries, Russians began to settle in Siberia (/wiki/Siberia) , a region rich in many mammal fur species, such as Arctic fox (/wiki/Arctic_fox) , lynx (/wiki/Lynx) , sable (/wiki/Sable) , sea otter (/wiki/Sea_otter) and stoat ( ermine (/wiki/Stoat) ). In a search for the prized sea otter (/wiki/Sea_otter) pelts, first used in China, and later for the northern fur seal (/wiki/Northern_fur_seal) , the Russian Empire (/wiki/Imperial_Russia) expanded into North America, notably Alaska (/wiki/Alaska) . From the 17th through the second half of the 19th century, Russia was the world's largest supplier of fur. The fur trade played a vital role in the development of Siberia (/wiki/Siberia) , the Russian Far East (/wiki/Russian_Far_East) and the Russian colonization of the Americas (/wiki/Russian_colonization_of_the_Americas) . As recognition of the importance of the trade to the Siberian economy, the sable is a regional symbol of Sverdlovsk Oblast (/wiki/Sverdlovsk_Oblast) in the Urals and Novosibirsk (/wiki/Novosibirsk_Oblast) , Tyumen (/wiki/Tyumen_Oblast) and Irkutsk (/wiki/Irkutsk_Oblast) Oblasts (/wiki/Oblast) in Siberia. [4] (#cite_note-4) European contact with North America, with its vast forests and wildlife, particularly the beaver, led to the continent becoming a major supplier in the 17th century of fur pelts for the fur felt (/wiki/Felt) hat and fur trimming and garment trades of Europe. Fur was relied on to make warm clothing, a critical consideration prior to the organization of coal distribution for heating. Portugal and Spain played major roles in fur trading after the 15th century with their business in fur hats. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher194317-5) Siberian fur trade Main article: Siberian fur trade (/wiki/Siberian_fur_trade) Possessions of the city-state of Novgorod (/wiki/Novgorod_Republic) c. 1400 . Novgorod created a vast territorial empire and controlled much of the fur trade with Europe. From as early as the 10th century, merchants and boyars of the city-state of Novgorod (/wiki/Novgorod_Republic) had exploited the fur resources "beyond the portage", a watershed at the White Lake (/wiki/Lake_Beloye_(disambiguation)) that represents the door to the entire northwestern part of Eurasia. They began by establishing trading posts (/wiki/Trading_post) along the Volga (/wiki/Volga_River) and Vychegda (/wiki/Vychegda_River) river networks and requiring the Komi (/wiki/Komi_peoples) people to give them furs as tribute (/wiki/Tribute) . Novgorod, the chief fur-trade center prospered as the easternmost trading post (/wiki/Kontor) of the Hanseatic League (/wiki/Hanseatic_League) . Novgorodians expanded farther east and north, coming into contact with the Pechora people of the Pechora River (/wiki/Pechora_River) valley and the Yugra (/wiki/Yugra) people residing near the Urals (/wiki/Ural_Mountains) . Both of these native tribes offered more resistance than the Komi, killing many Russian tribute-collectors throughout the tenth and eleventh centuries. [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth19942–3-6) As the Grand Principality of Moscow (/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Moscow) increased in power over the course of the 15th century and proceeded with the " gathering of the Russian lands (/wiki/Gathering_of_the_Russian_lands) ", the Muscovite state began to rival the Novgorodians in the north for the Russian fur trade; ultimately, Novgorod would lose its autonomy and be absorbed by the authorities in Moscow along with its vast hinterland. [7] (#cite_note-Moss-7) At the same time, Moscow began subjugating many native tribes. One strategy involved exploiting antagonisms between tribes, notably the Komi and Yugra, by recruiting men of one tribe to fight in an army against the other tribe. Campaigns against native tribes in Siberia (/wiki/Siberia) remained insignificant until they began on a much larger scale in 1483 and 1499. [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth199428-8) Besides the Novgorodians and the indigenes, the Muscovites also had to contend with the various Muslim Tatar khanates (/wiki/Tatars) to their east. In 1552, Ivan IV (/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible) , the tsar of all Russia (/wiki/Tsar_of_all_Russia) , took a significant step towards securing Russian hegemony in Siberia when he sent a large army to attack the Khanate of Kazan (/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan) and ended up obtaining the territory from the Volga to the Ural Mountains (/wiki/Ural_Mountains) . At this point the phrase, "ruler of Obdor (/wiki/Obdoria) , Konda (/wiki/Kondia) , and all Siberian lands" became part of the title of the tsar (/wiki/Tsar) in Moscow. [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth199410-9) Even so, problems ensued after 1558 when Ivan IV sent Grigory Stroganov (/w/index.php?title=Grigory_Stroganov&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ru (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) ] ( c. 1533–1577 ) to colonize land on the Kama (/wiki/Kama_(river)) and to subjugate and enserf the Komi (/wiki/Komi_peoples) living there. The Stroganov family (/wiki/Stroganov_family) soon came into conflict in 1573 with the khan of Sibir (/wiki/Khanate_of_Sibir) whose land they encroached on. Ivan told the Stroganovs to hire Cossack (/wiki/Cossacks) mercenaries to protect the new settlement from the Tatars. From c. 1581 the band of Cossacks led by Yermak Timofeyevich (/wiki/Yermak_Timofeyevich) fought many battles that eventually culminated in a Tartar victory in 1584 and the temporary end to Russian occupation in the area. In 1584, Ivan's son Feodor (/wiki/Feodor_I_of_Russia) sent military governors ( voivodas (/wiki/Voivode) ) and soldiers to reclaim Yermak conquests and officially to annex the land held by the Khanate of Sibir (/wiki/Khanate_of_Sibir) . Similar skirmishes with Tartars took place across Siberia as Russian expansion continued. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth199429-33-10) Map of Asia in 1636. With the conquest of Siberia (/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia) in the 16th and 17th centuries, Russia gained access to the world's richest source of high quality fur. Russian conquerors treated the natives of Siberia as easily exploited subjects who were inferior to them. As they penetrated deeper into Siberia, traders built outposts or winter lodges called zimovye (/w/index.php?title=Zimovye&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ru (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5) ] where they lived and collected fur tribute from native tribes. By 1620 Russia dominated the land from the Urals eastward to the Yenisey (/wiki/Yenisei_River) valley and to the Altai Mountains (/wiki/Altai_Mountains) in the south, comprising about 1.25 million square miles of land. [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth199438-11) Furs would become Russia's largest source of wealth during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Keeping up with the advances of Western Europe required significant capital and Russia did not have sources of gold and silver, but it did have furs, which became known as "soft gold" and provided Russia with hard currency. The Russian government received income from the fur trade through two taxes, the yasak (/wiki/Yasak) (or iasak) tax on natives and the 10% "Sovereign Tithing Tax" imposed on both the catch and sale of fur pelts. [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBychkovJacobs199473-12) Fur was in great demand in Western Europe, especially sable and marten, since European forest resources had been over-hunted and furs had become extremely scarce. Fur trading allowed Russia to purchase from Europe goods that it lacked, like lead, tin, precious metals, textiles, firearms, and sulphur. Russia also traded furs with Ottoman Turkey (/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) and other countries in the Middle East in exchange for silk, textiles, spices, and dried fruit. The high prices that sable, black fox, and marten furs could generate in international markets spurred a "fur fever" in which many Russians moved to Siberia as independent trappers. From 1585 to 1680, tens of thousands of sable and other valuable pelts were obtained in Siberia each year. [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth199438-40-13) Cossacks (/wiki/Cossacks) collecting yasak in Siberia The primary way for the Russian state to obtain furs was by exacting a fur tribute from the Siberian natives, called a yasak . Yasak was usually a fixed number of sable pelts which every male tribe member who was at least fifteen years old had to supply to Russian officials. Officials enforced yasak through coercion and by taking hostages, usually the tribe chiefs or members of the chief's family. At first, Russians were content to trade with the natives, exchanging goods like pots, axes, and beads for the prized sables that the natives did not value, but greater demand for furs led to violence and force becoming the primary means of obtaining the furs. The largest problem with the yasak system was that Russian governors were prone to corruption because they received no salary. They resorted to illegal means of getting furs for themselves, including bribing customs officials to allow them to personally collect yasak , extorting natives by exacting yasak multiple times over, or requiring tribute from independent trappers. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForsyth199441-42-14) Russian fur trappers, called promyshlenniki (/wiki/Promyshlenniki) , hunted in one of two types of bands of 10–15 men, called vatagi (/w/index.php?title=Vatagi&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ru (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0) ] . The first was an independent band of blood relatives or unrelated people who contributed an equal share of the hunting-expedition expenses; the second was a band of hired hunters who participated in expeditions fully funded by the trading companies which employed them. Members of an independent vataga cooperated and shared all necessary work associated with fur trapping, including making and setting traps, building forts and camps, stockpiling firewood and grain, and fishing. All fur pelts went into a common pool that the band divided equally among themselves after Russian officials exacted the tithing tax. On the other hand, a trading company provided hired fur-trappers with the money needed for transportation, food, and supplies, and once the hunt was finished, the employer received two-thirds of the pelts and the remaining ones were sold and the proceeds divided evenly among the hired laborers. During the summer, promyshlenniki would set up a summer camp to stockpile grain and fish, and many engaged in agricultural work for extra money. During late summer or early fall the vatagi left their hunting grounds, surveyed the area, and set up a winter camp. Each member of the group set at least 10 traps and the vatagi divided into smaller groups of two to three men who cooperated to maintain certain traps. Promyshlenniki checked traps daily, resetting them or replacing bait whenever necessary. The promyshlenniki employed both passive and active hunting-strategies. The passive approach involved setting traps, while the active approach involved the use of hunting-dogs and of bows-and-arrows. Occasionally, hunters also followed sable tracks to their burrows, around which they placed nets, and waited for the sable to emerge. [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBychkovJacobs199475-80-15) The hunting season began around the time of the first snow in October or November and continued until early spring. Hunting expeditions lasted two to three years on average but occasionally longer. Because of the long hunting season and the fact that passage back to Russia was difficult and costly, beginning around the 1650s–1660s, many promyshlenniki chose to stay and settle in Siberia. [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBychkovJacobs199480-81-16) From 1620 to 1680, a total of 15,983 trappers operated in Siberia. [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBychkovJacobs199474-17) North American fur trade Main article: North American fur trade (/wiki/North_American_fur_trade) Fur-hat industry The North American fur trade began as early as the 1500s between Europeans and First Nations (see: Early French Fur Trading (/wiki/North_American_fur_trade#Origins) ) and was a central part of the early history of contact (/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas) between Europeans and the native peoples of what is now the United States (/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States) and Canada (/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada) . Dr. S. E. Dawson's admirable "The Saint Lawrence Its Basin & Border-Lands" [18] (#cite_note-The_Saint_Lawrence_Its_Basin_&_Border-Lands-18) covers in detail the twenty-or-so main "gateways" connecting the St. Lawrence River (/wiki/St._Lawrence_River) with its neighbouring basins. Though these were all once canoe routes, [19] (#cite_note-Fur_Trade_Canoe_Routes_of_Canada_/_Then_and_Now-19) not all were trade routes. In 1578 there were 350 European fishing vessels at Newfoundland (/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)) . Sailors began to trade metal implements (particularly knives) for the natives' well-worn pelts. The first pelts in demand were beaver and sea otter, as well as occasionally deer, bear, ermine and skunk. [20] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolin201016-20) Fur robes were blankets of sewn-together, native-tanned, beaver pelts. The pelts were called castor gras in French and "coat beaver" in English, and were soon recognized by the newly developed felt-hat making industry as particularly useful for felting. Some historians, seeking to explain the term castor gras , have assumed that coat beaver was rich in human oils from having been worn so long (much of the top-hair was worn away through usage, exposing the valuable under-wool), and that this is what made it attractive to the hatters. This seems unlikely, since grease interferes with the felting of wool, rather than enhancing it. [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolin201046-21) By the 1580s, beaver "wool" was the major starting material of the French felt-hatters. Hat makers began to use it in England soon after, particularly after Huguenot (/wiki/Huguenot) refugees brought their skills and tastes with them from France. Early organization General map of the "Beaver Hunting Grounds" described in "Deed from the Five Nations to the King, of their Beaver Hunting Ground," also known as the Nanfan Treaty (/wiki/Nanfan_Treaty) of 1701 Captain Chauvin made the first organized attempt to control the fur trade in New France (/wiki/New_France) . In 1599 he acquired a monopoly (/wiki/Monopoly) from Henry IV (/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France) and tried to establish a colony near the mouth of the Saguenay River (/wiki/Saguenay_River) at Tadoussac (/wiki/Tadoussac) . French explorers, like Samuel de Champlain (/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain) , voyageurs (/wiki/Voyageurs) , and Coureur des bois (/wiki/Coureur_des_bois) , such as Étienne Brûlé (/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Br%C3%BBl%C3%A9) , Radisson (/wiki/Pierre-Esprit_Radisson) , La Salle (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle) , and Le Sueur (/wiki/Pierre-Charles_Le_Sueur) , while seeking routes through the continent, established relationships with Amerindians (/wiki/Amerindians) and continued to expand the trade of fur pelts for items considered 'common' by the Europeans. Mammal winter pelts were prized for warmth, particularly animal pelts for beaver wool felt hats, which were an expensive status symbol in Europe. The demand for beaver wool felt hats was such that the beaver in Europe and European Russia had largely disappeared through exploitation. In 1613 Dallas Carite and Adriaen Block (/wiki/Adriaen_Block) headed expeditions to establish fur trade relationships with the Mohawk (/wiki/Mohawk_people) and Mohican (/wiki/Mohican) . By 1614 the Dutch (/wiki/Dutch_people) were sending vessels to secure large economic returns from fur trading. The fur trade of New Netherland, through the port of New Amsterdam (/wiki/New_Amsterdam) , depended largely on the trading depot at Fort Orange (/wiki/Fort_Orange) (now Albany) on the upper Hudson River (/wiki/Hudson_River) . Much of the fur is believed to have originated in Canada, smuggled south by entrepreneurs who wished to avoid the colony's government-imposed monopoly there. Rupert's Land (/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land) , granted as a commercial monopoly to the Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) in 1670 England was slower to enter the American fur trade than France and the Dutch Republic (/wiki/Dutch_Republic) , but as soon as English colonies were established, development companies learned that furs provided the best way for the colonists to remit value back to the mother country. Furs were being dispatched from Virginia (/wiki/Virginia) soon after 1610, and the Plymouth Colony (/wiki/Plymouth_Colony) was sending substantial amounts of beaver to its London agents through the 1620s and 1630s. London merchants tried to take over France's fur trade in the St Lawrence River valley. Taking advantage of one of England's wars with France, Sir David Kirke (/wiki/Sir_David_Kirke) captured Quebec in 1629 and brought the year's produce of furs back to London. Other English merchants also traded for furs around the Saint Lawrence River (/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River) region in the 1630s, but these were officially discouraged. Such efforts ceased as France strengthened its presence in Canada. Much of the fur trade in North America during the 17th and 18th centuries was dominated by the Canadian fur shipping network that developed in New France under the fur monopoly held first by the Company of One Hundred Associates (/wiki/Company_of_One_Hundred_Associates) , then followed in 1664 by the French West India Company (/wiki/French_West_India_Company) , [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDolin2010105-22) steadily expanding fur trapping and shipping across a network of frontier forts further west that eventually went all the way to modern day Winnipeg (/wiki/Winnipeg) in Western Canada by the mid-1700s, [23] (#cite_note-23) coming into direct contact and opposition with the English fur trappers stationed out of York Factory (/wiki/York_Factory) at Hudson Bay (/wiki/Hudson_Bay) . Meanwhile, the New England (/wiki/New_England) fur trade expanded as well, not only inland, but northward along the coast into the Bay of Fundy (/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy) region. London (/wiki/London) 's access to high-quality furs was greatly increased with the takeover of New Amsterdam, whereupon the fur trade of that colony (now called New York) fell into English hands with the 1667 Treaty of Breda (/wiki/Treaty_of_Breda_(1667)) . Fur traders in Canada, trading with Native Americans, 1777 In 1668 the English fur trade entered a new phase. Two French citizens, Pierre-Esprit Radisson (/wiki/Pierre-Esprit_Radisson) and Médard des Groseilliers (/wiki/M%C3%A9dard_des_Groseilliers) , had traded with great success west of Lake Superior (/wiki/Lake_Superior) in 1659–60, but upon their return to Canada, most of their furs were seized by the authorities. Their trading voyage had convinced them that the best fur country was far to the north and west, and could best be reached by ships sailing into Hudson Bay (/wiki/Hudson_Bay) . Their treatment in Canada suggested that they would not find support from France for their scheme. The pair went to New England, where they found local financial support for at least two attempts to reach Hudson Bay, both unsuccessful. Their ideas had reached the ears of English authorities, however, and in 1665 Radisson and Groseilliers were persuaded to go to London (/wiki/London) . After some setbacks, a number of English investors were found to back another attempt for Hudson Bay. Two ships were sent out in 1668. One, with Radisson aboard, had to turn back, but the other, the Nonsuch (/wiki/Nonsuch_(1650_ship)) , with Groseilliers, did penetrate the bay. There she was able to trade with the indigenes, collecting a fine cargo of beaver skins before the expedition returned to London in October 1669. The delighted investors sought a royal charter, which they obtained the next year. This charter established the Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) and granted it a monopoly to trade into all the rivers that emptied into Hudson Bay. From 1670 onwards, the Hudson's Bay Company sent two or three trading ships into the bay every year. They brought back furs (mainly beaver) and sold them, sometimes by private treaty but usually by public auction. The beaver was bought mainly for the English hat-making trade, while the fine furs went to the Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) and Germany (/wiki/Germany) . Meanwhile, in the Southern colonies (/wiki/Southern_Colonies) , a deerskin trade (/wiki/Deerskin_trade) was established around 1670, based at the export hub of Charleston, South Carolina (/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina) . Word spread among Native hunters that the Europeans would exchange pelts for the European-manufactured goods that were highly desired in native communities. Carolinan traders stocked axe heads, knives, awls, fish hooks, cloth of various type and color, woolen blankets, linen shirts, kettles, jewelry, glass beads, muskets (/wiki/Musket) , ammunition and powder to exchange on a 'per pelt' basis. Colonial trading posts in the southern colonies also introduced many types of alcohol (especially brandy and rum) for trade. [24] (#cite_note-24) European traders flocked to the North American continent and made huge profits from the exchange. A metal (/wiki/Metal) axe head, for example, was exchanged for one beaver pelt (also called a 'beaver blanket'). The same pelt could fetch enough to buy dozens of axe (/wiki/Axe) heads in England, making the fur trade extremely profitable for the Europeans. The Natives used the iron (/wiki/Iron) axe heads to replace stone axe heads which they had made by hand in a labor-intensive process, so they derived substantial benefits from the trade as well. The colonists began to see the ill effects of alcohol on Natives, and the chiefs objected to its sale and trade. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 (/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763) prohibited sale by European settlers of alcohol to the Indians in Canada, following the British takeover of the territory after it defeated France in the Seven Years' War (/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War) (known as the French and Indian War (/wiki/French_and_Indian_War) in North America). Following the British take over of Canada from France, the control of the fur trade in North America became consolidated under the British government for a time, until the United States (/wiki/United_States) was created and became a major source for furs being shipped to Europe as well in the nineteenth century, [25] (#cite_note-25) along with the largely unsettled territory of Russian America (/wiki/Russian_America) , which became a significant source of furs also during that period. [26] (#cite_note-26) The fur trade began to significantly decline starting in the 1830s, following changing attitudes and fashions in Europe and America which no longer centered around certain articles of clothing as much such as beaver skin hats, which had fueled the growing demand for furs, driving the creation and expansion of the fur trade in the 17th and 18th centuries, although new trends as well as occasional revivals of prior fashions would cause the fur trade to ebb and flow right up to the present. [27] (#cite_note-27) Socioeconomic ties This section does not cite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) any sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this section (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Fur_trade) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence) . ( June 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Fur trading at Fort Nez Percé (/wiki/Fort_Nez_Perc%C3%A9) in 1841 Often, the political benefits of the fur trade became more important than the economic aspects. Trade was a way to forge alliances and maintain good relations between different cultures. The fur traders were men with capital and social standing. Often younger men were single when they went to North America to enter the fur trade; they made marriages or cohabited with high-ranking Indian women of similar status in their own cultures. Fur trappers and other workers usually had relationships with lower-ranking women. Many of their mixed-race descendants developed their own culture, now called Métis (/wiki/M%C3%A9tis) in Canada, based then on fur trapping and other activities on the frontier. In some cases both Native American and European-American cultures excluded the mixed-race descendants. If the Native Americans were a tribe with a patrilineal (/wiki/Patrilineal) kinship (/wiki/Kinship) system, they considered children born to a white father to be white, in a type of hypodescent (/wiki/Hypodescent) classification, although the Native mother and tribe might care for them. The Europeans tended to classify children of Native women as Native, regardless of the father, similar to the hypodescent of their classification of the children of slaves. The Métis in the Canadian Red River (/wiki/Red_River_of_the_North) region were so numerous that they developed a creole language (/wiki/Creole_language) and culture. Since the late 20th century, the Métis have been recognized in Canada as a First Nations (/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada) ethnic group. The interracial relationships resulted in a two-tier mixed-race class, in which descendants of fur traders and chiefs achieved prominence in some Canadian social, political, and economic circles. Lower-class descendants formed the majority of the separate Métis (/wiki/M%C3%A9tis) culture based on hunting, trapping and farming. Because of the wealth at stake, different European-American governments competed with various native societies for control of the fur trade. Native Americans (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) sometimes based decisions of which side to support in times of war in relation to which people had provided them with the best trade goods in an honest manner. Because trade was so politically important, the Europeans tried to regulate it in hopes (often futile) of preventing abuse. Unscrupulous traders sometimes cheated natives by plying them with alcohol during the transaction, which subsequently aroused resentment and often resulted in violence. In 1834 John Jacob Astor (/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor) , who had created the huge monopoly of the American Fur Company (/wiki/American_Fur_Company) , withdrew from the fur trade. He could see the decline in fur animals and realized the market was changing, as beaver hats went out of style. Expanding European settlement displaced native communities from the best hunting grounds. European demand for furs subsided as fashion trends shifted. The Native Americans' (/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_the_Americas) lifestyles were altered by the trade. To continue obtaining European goods on which they had become dependent and to pay off their debts, they often resorted to selling land to the European settlers. Their resentment of the forced sales contributed to future wars. Fur Traders Descending the Missouri (/wiki/Fur_Traders_Descending_the_Missouri) , c. 1845 After the United States (/wiki/United_States) became independent, it regulated trading with Native Americans by the Indian Intercourse Act (/wiki/Indian_Intercourse_Act) , first passed on July 22, 1790. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs) issued licenses to trade in the Indian Territory (/wiki/Indian_Territory) . In 1834 this was defined as most of the United States west of the Mississippi River (/wiki/Mississippi_River) , where mountain men (/wiki/Mountain_man) and traders from Mexico (/wiki/Mexico) freely operated. Early exploration parties were often fur-trading expeditions, many of which marked the first recorded instances of Europeans' reaching particular regions of North America. For example, Abraham Wood (/wiki/Abraham_Wood) sent fur-trading parties on exploring expeditions into the southern Appalachian Mountains, discovering the New River (/wiki/New_River_(Kanawha_River)) in the process. Simon Fraser (/wiki/Simon_Fraser_(explorer)) was a fur trader who explored much of the Fraser River (/wiki/Fraser_River) in British Columbia. Role in economic anthropology Economic historians (/wiki/Economic_historian) and anthropologists (/wiki/Anthropologist) have studied the fur trade's important role in early North American economies, but they have been unable to agree on a theoretical framework to describe native economic patterns. Sketches of life in the Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) territory, 1875 John C. Phillips and J.W. Smurr tied the fur trade to an imperial struggle for power, positing that the fur trade served both as an incentive for expanding and as a method for maintaining dominance. Dismissing the experience of individuals, the authors searched for connections on a global stage that revealed its "high political and economic importance." [28] (#cite_note-28) E.E. Rich brought the economic purview down a level, focusing on the role of trading companies and their men as the ones who "opened up" much of Canada's territories, instead of on the role of the nation-state in opening up the continent. [29] (#cite_note-29) Two Sleighs on a Country Road, Canada, c. 1835–1848. Image includes a variety of fur throws and clothing, including hides of animals not native to Canada. Rich's other work gets to the heart of the formalist/substantivist debate that dominated the field or, as some came to believe, muddied it. Historians such as Harold Innis (/wiki/Harold_Innis) had long taken the formalist position, especially in Canadian history, believing that neoclassical economic principles affect non-Western societies just as they do Western ones. [30] (#cite_note-30) Starting in the 1950s, however, substantivists such as Karl Polanyi (/wiki/Karl_Polanyi) challenged these ideas, arguing instead that primitive societies could engage in alternatives to traditional Western market trade; namely, gift trade and administered trade. Rich picked up these arguments in an influential article in which he contended that Indians had "a persistent reluctance to accept European notions or the basic values of the European approach" and that "English economic rules did not apply to the Indian trade." [31] (#cite_note-31) Indians were savvy traders, but they had a fundamentally different conception of property, which confounded their European trade partners. Abraham Rotstein subsequently fit these arguments explicitly into Polanyi's theoretical framework, claiming that "administered trade was in operation at the Bay and market trade in London." [32] (#cite_note-32) Trapper's cabin in Alaska (/wiki/Alaska) , 1980s Arthur J. Ray permanently changed the direction of economic studies of the fur trade with two influential works that presented a modified formalist position in between the extremes of Innis and Rotstein. "This trading system," Ray explained, "is impossible to label neatly as ‘gift trade', or ‘administered trade', or ‘market trade', since it embodies elements of all these forms." [33] (#cite_note-33) Indians engaged in trade for a variety of reasons. Reducing them to simple economic or cultural dichotomies, as the formalists and substantivists had done, was a fruitless simplification that obscured more than it revealed. Moreover, Ray used trade accounts and account books in the Hudson's Bay Company's archives for masterful qualitative analyses and pushed the boundaries of the field's methodology. Following Ray's position, Bruce M. White also helped to create a more nuanced picture of the complex ways in which native populations fit new economic relationships into existing cultural patterns. [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite1984-34) Richard White, while admitting that the formalist/substantivist debate was "old, and now tired," attempted to reinvigorate the substantivist position. [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite199194-35) Echoing Ray's moderate position that cautioned against easy simplifications, White advanced a simple argument against formalism: "Life was not a business, and such simplifications only distort the past." [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite199195-36) White argued instead that the fur trade occupied part of a "middle ground" in which Europeans and Indians sought to accommodate their cultural differences. In the case of the fur trade, this meant that the French were forced to learn from the political and cultural meanings with which Indians imbued the fur trade. Cooperation, not domination, prevailed. Present According to the Fur Institute of Canada (/wiki/Fur_Institute_of_Canada) , there are about 60,000 active trappers in Canada (/wiki/Canada) (based on trapping licenses), of whom about 25,000 are indigenous peoples (/wiki/Indigenous_people) . [37] (#cite_note-37) The fur farming industry is present in many parts of Canada. [38] (#cite_note-38) The largest producer of mink and foxes is Nova Scotia (/wiki/Nova_Scotia) which in 2012 generated revenues of nearly $150 million and accounted for one quarter of all agricultural production in the Province. [39] (#cite_note-39) In 2000 there were 351 Mink farms in the U.S. [40] (#cite_note-40) As of 2015 there were 176,573 trappers in the U.S. with most being in the midwest. [41] (#cite_note-41) California was the first (and only) state to ban trapping for commercial and recreation purposes in 2015. [42] (#cite_note-42) The North American Fur Auction (NAFA) occurs four times a year and attracts buyers from around the world. [43] (#cite_note-43) According to the Northeast Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies, at present approximately 270,000 families in the United States and Canada derive some of their income from fur trapping. Maritime fur trade Main article: Maritime fur trade (/wiki/Maritime_fur_trade) The North West Coast during the maritime fur trade (/wiki/Maritime_fur_trade) era, about 1790 to 1840 The maritime fur trade was a ship-based fur trade system that focused on acquiring furs of sea otters (/wiki/Sea_otter) and other animals from the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast (/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast) and natives of Alaska (/wiki/Alaska_Natives) . The furs were mostly traded in China for tea, silks, porcelain, and other Chinese goods, which were then sold in Europe and the United States. The maritime fur trade was pioneered by the Russians, working east from Kamchatka (/wiki/Kamchatka) along the Aleutian Islands (/wiki/Aleutian_Islands) to the southern coast of Alaska. British and Americans entered during the 1780s, focusing on what is now the coast of British Columbia (/wiki/British_Columbia_Coast) . The trade boomed around the turn of the 19th century. A long period of decline began in the 1810s. As the sea otter population was depleted, the maritime fur trade diversified and was transformed, tapping new markets and commodities while continuing to focus on the Northwest Coast and China. It lasted until the middle to late 19th century. Russians controlled most of the coast of what is now Alaska during the entire era. The coast south of Alaska saw fierce competition between, and among, British and American trading vessels. The British were the first to operate in the southern sector, but were unable to compete against the Americans who dominated from the 1790s to the 1830s. The British Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) entered the coast trade in the 1820s with the intention of driving the Americans away. This was accomplished by about 1840. In its late period the maritime fur trade was largely conducted by the British Hudson's Bay Company (/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company) and the Russian-American Company (/wiki/Russian-American_Company) . The Russian fur traders from Alaska established their largest settlement in California, Fort Ross (/wiki/Fort_Ross,_California) , in 1812 The term "maritime fur trade" was coined by historians to distinguish the coastal, ship-based fur trade from the continental, land-based fur trade of, for example, the North West Company (/wiki/North_West_Company) and the American Fur Company (/wiki/American_Fur_Company) . Historically, the maritime fur trade was not known by that name, rather it was usually called the "North West Coast trade" or "North West Trade". The term "North West" was rarely spelled as the single word "Northwest", as is common today. [44] (#cite_note-44) The maritime fur trade brought the Pacific Northwest (/wiki/Pacific_Northwest) coast into a vast, new international trade (/wiki/International_trade) network, centered on the north Pacific Ocean, global in scope, and based on capitalism (/wiki/Capitalism) but not, for the most part, on colonialism (/wiki/Colonialism) . A triangular trade (/wiki/Triangular_trade) network emerged linking the Pacific Northwest coast, China, the Hawaiian Islands (/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands) (only recently discovered by the Western world (/wiki/Western_world) ), Europe, and the United States (especially New England (/wiki/New_England) ). The trade had a major effect on the indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest coast, especially the Aleut (/wiki/Aleut_people) , Tlingit (/wiki/Tlingit_people) , Haida (/wiki/Haida_people) , Nuu-chah-nulth (/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_people) , and Chinook peoples (/wiki/Chinook_people) . There was a rapid increase of wealth among the Northwest Coast natives, along with increased warfare, potlatching (/wiki/Potlatch) , slaving, depopulation due to epidemic (/wiki/Epidemic) disease, and enhanced importance of totems (/wiki/Totem) and traditional nobility crests. [45] (#cite_note-45) The indigenous culture was not however overwhelmed, it rather flourished, while simultaneously undergoing rapid change. The use of Chinook Jargon (/wiki/Chinook_Jargon) arose during the maritime fur trading era and remains a distinctive aspect of Pacific Northwest culture. Native Hawaiian (/wiki/Native_Hawaiian) society was similarly affected by the sudden influx of Western wealth and technology, as well as epidemic diseases. The trade's effect on China and Europe was minimal. For New England, the maritime fur trade and the significant profits it made helped revitalize the region, contributing to the transformation of New England from an agrarian to an industrial society. The wealth generated by the maritime fur trade was invested in industrial development, especially textile manufacturing (/wiki/Textile_manufacturing) . The New England textile industry in turn had a large effect on slavery in the United States (/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States) , increasing the demand for cotton and helping make possible the rapid expansion of the cotton plantation system (/wiki/Plantation_system) across the Deep South (/wiki/Deep_South) . [46] (#cite_note-farrow-46) A sea otter, drawing by S. Smith after John Webber (/wiki/John_Webber) Modern and historical ranges of sea otter (/wiki/Sea_otter) subspecies The most profitable furs were those of sea otters (/wiki/Sea_otter) , especially the northern sea otter, Enhydra lutris kenyoni , which inhabited the coastal waters between the Columbia River (/wiki/Columbia_River) to the south and Cook Inlet (/wiki/Cook_Inlet) to the north. The fur of the Californian southern sea otter, E. l. nereis , was less highly prized and thus less profitable. After the northern sea otter was hunted to local extinction (/wiki/Local_extinction) , maritime fur traders shifted to California until the southern sea otter was likewise nearly extinct. [47] (#cite_note-nwcouncil-47) The British and American maritime fur traders took their furs to the Chinese port of Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) (Canton), where they worked within the established Canton System (/wiki/Canton_System) . Furs from Russian America were mostly sold to China via the Mongolian (/wiki/Mongolia) trading town of Kyakhta (/wiki/Kyakhta) , which had been opened to Russian trade by the 1727 Treaty of Kyakhta (/wiki/Treaty_of_Kyakhta) . [48] (#cite_note-haycox-48) See also Beaver Wars (/wiki/Beaver_Wars) California Fur Rush (/wiki/California_Fur_Rush) The Coalition to Abolish the Fur Trade (/wiki/The_Coalition_to_Abolish_the_Fur_Trade) Coureur des bois (/wiki/Coureur_des_bois) Fur brigade (/wiki/Fur_brigade) List of fur trading post and forts in North America (/wiki/List_of_fur_trading_post_and_forts_in_North_America) References ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Feature: A Shocking Look Inside Chinese Fur Farms" (http://features.peta.org/ChineseFurFarms/) . PETA (/wiki/PETA) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher1943197_2-0) Fisher 1943 (#CITEREFFisher1943) , p. 197. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher19431_3-0) Fisher 1943 (#CITEREFFisher1943) , p. 1. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Janet Martin, Treasure of the Land of Darkness: The Fur Trade and Its Significance for Medieval Russia (2004) p. 204 ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher194317_5-0) Fisher 1943 (#CITEREFFisher1943) , p. 17. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth19942–3_6-0) Forsyth 1994 (#CITEREFForsyth1994) , p. 2–3. ^ (#cite_ref-Moss_7-0) Moss, Walter G. (1 July 2003). A History of Russia Volume 1: To 1917 . Anthem Press. p. 90. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-85728-752-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth199428_8-0) Forsyth 1994 (#CITEREFForsyth1994) , p. 28. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth199410_9-0) Forsyth 1994 (#CITEREFForsyth1994) , p. 10. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth199429-33_10-0) Forsyth 1994 (#CITEREFForsyth1994) , p. 29-33. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth199438_11-0) Forsyth 1994 (#CITEREFForsyth1994) , p. 38. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBychkovJacobs199473_12-0) Bychkov & Jacobs 1994 (#CITEREFBychkovJacobs1994) , p. 73. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth199438-40_13-0) Forsyth 1994 (#CITEREFForsyth1994) , p. 38-40. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForsyth199441-42_14-0) Forsyth 1994 (#CITEREFForsyth1994) , p. 41-42. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBychkovJacobs199475-80_15-0) Bychkov & Jacobs 1994 (#CITEREFBychkovJacobs1994) , p. 75-80. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBychkovJacobs199480-81_16-0) Bychkov & Jacobs 1994 (#CITEREFBychkovJacobs1994) , p. 80-81. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBychkovJacobs199474_17-0) Bychkov & Jacobs 1994 (#CITEREFBychkovJacobs1994) , p. 74. ^ (#cite_ref-The_Saint_Lawrence_Its_Basin_&_Border-Lands_18-0) Samuel Edward Dawson LITT.D., F.R.S.C (April 1905). "The Saint Lawrence Its Basin & Border-Lands" (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/The_Saint_Lawrence%2C_its_basin_%26_border-lands%3B_the_story_of_their_discovery%2C_exploration_and_occupation_%28IA_saintlawrenceits00daws%29.pdf) (PDF) . Frederick A. Stokes Company. p. 584. This volume present the discovery and exploration of the northeast coast of North America and of the great transverse valley of the St. Lawrence which searches the continent to its very heart. ^ (#cite_ref-Fur_Trade_Canoe_Routes_of_Canada_/_Then_and_Now_19-0) Eric W. Morse, M.A.;F.R.G.S (8 March 2015). "Fur Trade Canoe Routes of Canada / Then and Now" (http://parkscanadahistory.com/publications/fur-trade-canoe-routes.pdf) (PDF) . parkscanadahistory.com. pp. 71 of 121 . Retrieved 2024-06-09 . Canadian history has been the struggle of nameless Canadians to improve their lives in our often hostile environment {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) ) ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDolin201016_20-0) Dolin 2010 (#CITEREFDolin2010) , p. 16. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDolin201046_21-0) Dolin 2010 (#CITEREFDolin2010) , p. 46. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDolin2010105_22-0) Dolin 2010 (#CITEREFDolin2010) , p. 105. ^ (#cite_ref-23) Wallace, Stewart W. (1948). The Encyclopedia of Canada . Vol. 2. Toronto: University Associates of Canada. p. 366. ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Introduction of alcohol through the fur trade" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090226180021/http://www.montana.edu/wwwai/imsd/alcohol/Jessyca/furtrade.htm) . University of Montana (/wiki/University_of_Montana) . Archived from the original (http://www.montana.edu/wwwai/imsd/alcohol/Jessyca/furtrade.htm) on 2009-02-26 . Retrieved 2019-07-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Fur Facts & Figures: A Survey of the United States Fur Industry . Volume 41. Washington, DC: United States Business and Defense Services Administration, Department of Commerce. January 1966. p. 1. ^ (#cite_ref-26) Miller, Gwen A. (2010). Kodiak Kreol: Communities of Empire in Early Russian America . Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. p. XII. ^ (#cite_ref-27) Delhomme, PJ (28 November 2021). "Is Trapping in America on the Brink of Extinction, or at the Beginning of a Comeback?" (https://www.outdoorlife.com/deep-dives/is-trapping-obsolete-or-becoming-more-popular/) . Outdoor Life . Retrieved 2021-11-29 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Phillips, Paul Chrisler; Smurr, J.W. (1961). The Fur Trade . Vol. 2. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press (/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press) . p. 20. ^ (#cite_ref-29) Rich, Edwin Ernest (/wiki/Edwin_Ernest_Rich) (1967). The Fur Trade and the Northwest to 1857 . Toronto: McClelland and Stewart (/wiki/McClelland_and_Stewart) Limited. p. 296. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780771074561 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 237371 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/237371) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Innis, Harold Adams (/wiki/Harold_Adams_Innis) (1930). Oliver Baty Cunningham Memorial Publication Fund; Ray, Arthur J. (eds.). The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History . New Haven: Yale University Press (/wiki/Yale_University_Press) . p. 463. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780802081964 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) Rich, E.E. (February 1960). "Trade Habits and Economic Motivation Among the Indians of North America". The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science (/wiki/The_Canadian_Journal_of_Economics_and_Political_Science) . 26 (1). Canadian Economics Association (/wiki/Canadian_Economics_Association) : 46, 47. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/138817 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F138817) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 138817 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/138817) . ^ (#cite_ref-32) Abraham Rotstein (March 1970). "Karl Polanyi's Concept of Non-Market Trade". The Journal of Economic History . 30 (1): 123. See also Rotstein (1967). Fur Trade and Empire: An Institutional Analysis (PhD diss.). University of Toronto. ^ (#cite_ref-33) Arthur J. Ray and Donald B. Freeman, Give Us Good Measure: An Economic Analysis of Relations between the Indians and the Hudson's Bay Company Before 1763 , (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978), p. 236. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite1984_34-0) White 1984 (#CITEREFWhite1984) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite199194_35-0) White 1991 (#CITEREFWhite1991) , p. 94. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite199195_36-0) White 1991 (#CITEREFWhite1991) , p. 95. ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Canada's Fur Trade: Facts & Figures" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121103173436/http://www.fur.ca/TFT_facts_figures.php) . Fur Institute of Canada (/wiki/Fur_Institute_of_Canada) . Archived from the original (http://www.fur.ca/TFT_facts_figures.php) on 2012-11-03 . Retrieved 2019-07-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) "Fur Statistics, 2010" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130514222137/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/23-013-x/23-013-x2010001-eng.pdf) (PDF) . Statistics Canada (/wiki/Statistics_Canada) . Minister of Industry (/wiki/Minister_of_Industry_(Canada)) . Government of Canada (/wiki/Government_of_Canada) . October 2011. p. 20. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1705-4273 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1705-4273) . Archived from the original (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/23-013-x/23-013-x2010001-eng.pdf) (PDF) on 2013-05-14 . Retrieved 2019-07-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Bundale, Brett (16 January 2013). "Fur farms may not all survive new N.S. rules" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130118155357/http://thechronicleherald.ca/business/450889-fur-farms-may-not-all-survive-new-ns-rules) . The Chronicle Herald (/wiki/The_Chronicle_Herald) . Halifax, Nova Scotia. Archived from the original (http://thechronicleherald.ca/business/450889-fur-farms-may-not-all-survive-new-ns-rules) on 2013-01-18 . Retrieved 2013-03-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Mink" (https://downloads.usda.library.cornell.edu/usda-esmis/files/2227mp65f/4x51hm73g/pv63g279f/Mink-07-19-2001.pdf) (PDF) . Cornell University . 19 July 2001 . Retrieved 2023-04-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Trap use report" (https://www.fishwildlife.org/application/files/3115/2106/4349/FINAL_AFWA_Trap_Use_Report_2015_ed_2016.pdf) (PDF) . fishwildlife.org . 2015 . Retrieved 2023-04-07 . ^ (#cite_ref-42) "California becomes first state to ban fur trapping" (https://www.foxnews.com/great-outdoors/california-becomes-first-state-to-ban-fur-trapping) . Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) . 6 September 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-43) "The Fur Trade: The Journey from Trap to Market" (https://www.outdoorlife.com/articles/hunting/2016/02/fur-trade-journey-trap-market/) . 9 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-44) Mackie, Richard Somerset (1997). Trading Beyond the Mountains: The British Fur Trade on the Pacific 1793–1843 . Vancouver: University of British Columbia (UBC) Press. p. 123. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-7748-0613-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-45) For more on the use of crests on the North West Coast, see: Reynoldson, Fiona (2000). Native Americans: The Indigenous Peoples of North America . Heinemann. p. 34. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-435-31015-8 . ^ (#cite_ref-farrow_46-0) Farrow, Anne; Joel Lang; Jennifer Frank (2006). Complicity: How the North Promoted, Prolonged, and Profited from Slavery . Random House. pp. xiv, 25–26, 35–37. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-345-46783-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-nwcouncil_47-0) Fur trade (http://www.nwcouncil.org/history/FurTrade.asp) , Northwest Power & Conservation Council ^ (#cite_ref-haycox_48-0) Haycox, Stephen W. (2002). Alaska: An American Colony . University of Washington Press. pp. 53–58. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-295-98249-6 . Bibliography General surveys Chittenden, Hiram Martin. The American Fur Trade of the Far West: A History of the Pioneer Trading Posts and Early Fur Companies of the Missouri Valley and the Rocky Mountains and the Overland Commerce with Santa Fe. 2 vols. (1902). full text online (https://books.google.com/books?id=pf8tAAAAYAAJ&dq=intitle:The+intitle:American+intitle:Fur+intitle:Trade+intitle:of+intitle:the+intitle:Far&pg=PA83) Dolin, Eric Jay (/wiki/Eric_Jay_Dolin) (2010). Fur, Fortune, and Empire: The Epic History of the Fur Trade in America (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company (/wiki/W.W._Norton_%26_Company) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-393-06710-1 . Fisher, Raymond Henry (1943). The Russian Fur Trade, 1550–1700 . University of California Press (/wiki/University_of_California_Press) . p. 275. Forsyth, James (1994). Reviewed work: A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony, 1581–1990., James Forsyth . Vol. 53. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press) . pp. 905–906. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/2501564 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2501564) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0521477710 . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 2501564 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2501564) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 164630981 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164630981) . Voorhis, Ernest, (http://www.enhaut.ca/voor1) Historic Forts and Trading Posts of the French Regime and of the English Fur Trading Companies , 1930 (http://www.enhaut.ca/voor1) (e-book – with maps.) Biographies Berry, Don. A Majority of Scoundrels: An Informal History of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company. New York: Harper, 1961. Hafen, LeRoy (/wiki/LeRoy_R._Hafen) , ed. The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West. 10 vols. Glendale, California: A.H. Clark Co., 1965–72. Lavender, David. Bent’s Fort. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1954. Lavender, David. The Fist in the Wilderness. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1964. Oglesby, Richard. Manuel Lisa and the Opening of the Missouri Fur Trade. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963. Utley, Robert. A Life Wild and Perilous: Mountain Men and the Paths to the Pacific. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1997. Economic studies Allaire, Bernard. Pelleteries, manchons et chapeaux de castor: les fourrures nord-américaines à Paris 1500–1632 , Québec, Éditions du Septentrion, 1999, 295 p. ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2840501619 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2840501619) ) Bychkov, Oleg V.; Jacobs, Mina A. (1994). "Russian Hunters in Eastern Siberia in the Seventeenth Century: Lifestyle and Economy" (https://www.fortross.org/lib/50/russian-hunters-in-eastern-siberia-in-the-17th-centurylifestyle-and-economy.pdf) (PDF) . Arctic Anthropology (/wiki/Arctic_Anthropology) . 31 (1). University of Wisconsin Press (/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press) : 72–85. JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 40316350 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/40316350) . Black, Lydia. Russians in Alaska, 1732–1867 (2004) Cronon, William. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. New York: Hill and Wang, 1983. Gibson, James R. Otter Skins, Boston Ships, and China Goods: The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast, 1785–1841. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1992. Ray, Arthur J. The Canadian fur trade in the industrial age (1990) Ray, Arthur J., and Donald B. Freeman. "Give Us Good Measure": An Economic Analysis of Relations between the Indians and the Hudson's Bay Company Before 1763. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978. Rotstein, Abraham. "Karl Polanyi’s Concept of Non-Market Trade." The Journal of Economic History 30:1 (Mar., 1970): 117–126. Vinkovetsky, Ilya. Russian America: an overseas colony of a continental empire, 1804–1867 (2011) White, Richard. The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991. White, Richard. The Roots of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change Among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1983. Social histories: Native Americans Brown, Jennifer S.H. and Elizabeth Vibert, eds. Reading Beyond Words: Contexts for Native History. Peterborough, Ontario; Orchard Park, N.Y.: Broadview Press, 1996. Francis, Daniel and Toby Morantz. Partners in Furs: A History of the Fur Trade in Eastern James Bay, 1600–1870. Kingston; Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1983. Holm, Bill and Thomas Vaughan, eds. Soft Gold: The Fur Trade & Cultural Exchange on the Northwest Coast of America. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press, 1990. Krech, Shepard III. The Ecological Indian: Myth and History. New York; London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999. Krech, Shepard III, ed. Indians, Animals, and the Fur Trade: A Critique of Keepers of the Game. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1981. Martin, Calvin. Keepers of the Game: Indian-Animal Relationships and the Fur Trade . Berkeley; Los Angeles; London: University of California Press, 1978. Malloy, Mary. Souvenirs of the Fur Trade: Northwest Coast Indian Art and Artifacts Collected by American Mariners, 1788–1844 . Cambridge, Massachusetts: Peabody Museum Press, 2000. Ray, Arthur J. Indians in the Fur Trade: Their Role as Trappers, Hunters, and Middlemen in the Lands Southwest of Hudson Bay, 1660–1870. Toronto; Buffalo; London: University of Toronto Press, 1974. Vibert, Elizabeth. Trader’s Tales: Narratives of Cultural Encounters in the Columbia Plateau, 1807–1846 . Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997. Social histories: women, Métis, voyageurs Brown, Jennifer S.H. Strangers in Blood: Fur Trade Company Families in Indian Country. Vancouver; London: University of British Columbia Press, 1980. Brown, Jennifer S.H. and Jacqueline Peterson, eds. The New Peoples: Being and Becoming Métis in North America. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1985. Giraud, Marcel. The Métis in the Canadian West. Translated by George Woodcock. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1986. Gitlin, Jay. The Bourgeois Frontier: French Towns, French Traders & American Expansion , Yale University Press, 2010 Nicks, John. "Orkneymen in the HBC, 1780–1821." In Old Trails and New Directions: Papers of the Third North American Fur Trade Conference . Edited by Carol M. Judd and Arthur J. Ray, 102–126. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980. Podruchny, Carolyn. Making the Voyageur World: Travelers and Traders in the North American Fur Trade. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006. Podruchny, Carolyn. "Werewolves and Windigos: Narratives of Cannibal Monsters in French-Canadian Voyageur Oral Tradition." Ethnohistory 51:4 (2004): 677–700. Sleeper-Smith, Susan. Indian Women and French Men: Rethinking Cultural Encounter in the Western Great Lakes. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press (/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press) , 2001. Van Kirk, Sylvia. Many Tender Ties: Women in Fur-Trade Society, 1670–1870. Winnipeg: Watson & Dwywer, 1999. Regional histories Allen, John L. "The Invention of the American West." In A Continent Comprehended , edited by John L. Allen. Vol. 3 of North American Exploration , edited by John L. Allen, 132–189. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. Braund, Kathryn E. Holland. Deerskins and Duffels: The Creek Indian Trade with Anglo-America, 1685–1815 . Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2008. Faragher, John Mack. "Americans, Mexicans, Métis: A Community Approach to the Comparative Study of North American Frontiers." In Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America’s Western Past , edited by William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, 90–109. New York; London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1992. Gibson, James R. Otter Skins, Boston Ships, and China Goods: The Maritime Fur Trade of the Northwest Coast, 1785–1841. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1992. Gibson, Morgan Arrell. Yankees in Paradise: The Pacific Basin Frontier. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1993. Keith, Lloyd, and John C. Jackson. The Fur Trade Gamble: North West Company on the Pacific Slope, 1800–1820 (Pullman: Washington State University Press, 2016). xiv, 336 pp. Malloy, Mary. "Boston Men" on the Northwest Coast: The American Maritime Fur Trade 1788–1844 . Kingston, Ontario; Fairbanks, Alaska: The Limestone Press, 1998. Panagopoulos, Janie Lynn. "Traders in Time". River Road Publications, 1993. Ronda, James P. Astoria & Empire. Lincoln; London: University of Nebraska Press, 1990. Weber, David. The Taos Trappers: The Fur Trade in the Far Southwest, 1540–1846. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971. White, Richard (27 September 1991). Hoxie, Frederick E.; William L. Clements Library (/wiki/William_L._Clements_Library) ; Salisbury, Neal (eds.). The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815 . Vol. 49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press) . pp. 283–286. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1017/CBO9780511976957 (https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511976957) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0521371049 . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 3630498 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3630498) . Wishart, David J. (/w/index.php?title=David_J._Wishart&action=edit&redlink=1) The Fur Trade of the American West, 1807–1840: A Geographical Synthesis. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979. Papers of the North American Fur Trade Conferences The papers from the North American Fur Trade conferences, which are held approximately every five years, not only provide a wealth of articles on disparate aspects of the fur trade, but also can be taken together as a historiographical overview since 1965. They are listed chronologically below. The third conference, held in 1978, is of particular note; the ninth conference, which was held in St. Louis in 2006, has not yet published its papers. Morgan, Dale Lowell, ed. Aspects of the Fur Trade: Selected Papers of the 1965 North American Fur Trade Conference. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1967. Bolus, Malvina. People and Pelts: Selected Papers. Winnipeg: Peguis Publishers, 1972. Judd, Carol M. and Arthur J. Ray, eds. Old Trails and New Directions: Papers of the Third North American Fur Trade Conference. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980. Buckley, Thomas C., ed. (1984). Rendezvous: Selected Papers of the Fourth North American Fur Trade Conference, 1981 . St. Paul, Minnesota: North American Fur Trade Conference. White, Bruce M. "Give Us a Little Milk: The Social and Cultural Meanings of Gift Giving in the Lake Superior Fur Trade". In Buckley (1984) (#CITEREFBuckley1984) , pp. 185–197. Trigger, Bruce G., Morantz, Toby Elaine, and Louise Dechêne. Le Castor Fait Tout: Selected Papers of the Fifth North American Fur Trade Conference, 1985. Montreal: The Society, 1987. Brown, Jennifer S. H., Eccles, W. J. (/wiki/William_J._Eccles) , and Donald P. Heldman. The Fur Trade Revisited: Selected Papers of the Sixth North American Fur Trade Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, 1991. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1994. Fiske, Jo-Anne, Sleeper-Smith, Susan, and William Wicken, eds. New Faces of the Fur Trade: Selected Papers of the Seventh North American Fur Trade Conference, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1995 . East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1998. Johnston, Louise, ed. Aboriginal People and the Fur Trade: Proceedings of the 8th North American Fur Trade Conference, Akwesasne . Cornwall, Ontario: Akwesasne Notes Pub., 2001. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fur trade (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fur_trade) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fur traders (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fur_traders) . Wikisource (/wiki/Wikisource) has the text of a 1920 Encyclopedia Americana (/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana) article about the fur trade (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Fur_Trade,_The) . The Canadian Museum of Civilization – Great Fur Trade Canoes (http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/canoe/can00eng.shtml) H. Bullock-Webster fonds (http://digitalcollections.library.ubc.ca/cdm/landingpage/collection/bullock) – An album of color sketches, from the UBC Library Digital Collections, documenting social life and customs in Canadian fur trade posts in the 19th century A Brief History of the Fur Trade (https://web.archive.org/web/20060716210108/http://www.whiteoak.org/learning/timeline.htm) Map of trading posts, forts, trails and Indian tribes (https://www.flickr.com/photos/lakota_sioux_and_comanche_indians/11741638174/sizes/o/in/photostream/) History of the Fur Trade in Russia (http://www.sojuzpushnina.ru/en/s/55/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20071228201309/http://www.sojuzpushnina.ru/en/s/55/) 2007-12-28 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) History of the Fur Trade in Wisconsin (http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/shorthistory/furtrade.asp) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040252/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/shorthistory/furtrade.asp) 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Museum of the Fur Trade, Chadron, Nebraska US (http://www.furtrade.org) The Economic History of the Fur Trade: 1670 to 1870 (http://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-economic-history-of-the-fur-trade-1670-to-1870/) (EH.Net Encyclopedia of Economic History) Fur trade in the Snake River Valley, Idaho (http://www.nps.gov/archive/crmo/hcs3a.htm) The Fur Trade Revisited – Manitoba Historical Society The Papers of Hector Pitchforth on Fur Trade in the Arctic (https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/1072) at Dartmouth College Library v t e Major industries (/wiki/Industry_(economics)) Natural sector (/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy) Biotic Agriculture (/wiki/Agriculture) Arable farming (/wiki/Arable_farming) Cereals (/wiki/Cereal#Production) Legumes (/wiki/Legume#Uses) Vegetables (/wiki/Vegetable_farming) Fiber crops (/wiki/Fiber_crop) Oilseeds (/wiki/Vegetable_oil) Sugar (/wiki/Sugar_industry) Tobacco (/wiki/Tobacco_industry) Permanent crops (/wiki/Permanent_crop) Apples et al. 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Style of sock Hiking boots with socks Edmund Hillary (/wiki/Edmund_Hillary) in 1957 after accompanying the first plane to land at the Marble Point (/wiki/Marble_Point) ground air strip, Antarctica Boot socks are a type of sock (/wiki/Sock) suitable for wearing with boots. Typically made from a knitted material, popular styles of knit (/wiki/Knitting) currently are the cable and fair isle (/wiki/Fair_Isle_(technique)) knit. Boot socks provide additional comfort and warmth in colder weather. Boots are often worn by both genders, with military boots (/wiki/Combat_boot) , brogue boots (/wiki/Dress_boot) and hiking boots (/wiki/Hiking_boot) all being popular styles to pair with boot socks. Boot socks vary in lengths, ranging from normal sized socks (/wiki/Socks) to knee high length socks. Material [ edit ] A variety of materials have been studied to determine how material affects prevalence of foot blisters (/wiki/Blister) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Uses [ edit ] Boot socks can be worn for comfort or for fashion. Rolling up the cuff on pants to show a glimpse of the boot sock is a trend which has been highlighted by various fashion sources. Rolling the boot socks down in a scruffy way adds a unique touch to a look. Another way to style them includes wearing the socks with knee high boots and knee high riding boots (/wiki/Riding_boot) with knee length or over the knee length boot socks. They can be worn alone or over tights (/wiki/Tights) , leggings (/wiki/Leggings) , or jeans (/wiki/Jeans) , scrunched down or pulled up at the top of the boots. This style of wearing boot socks is fashionable with young girls, tweens, teens, college age girls and women. [2] (#cite_note-2) Boots (/wiki/Boot) are seen as hard wearing footwear and aren't as comfortable to wear as most shoes, so wearing a decent sock is crucial. Wearing boot socks has become popular with the Wellington Boot (/wiki/Wellington_boot) and hiking boots, as well as for any other sporting activity involving walking long distances. See also [ edit ] Sock puppet (/wiki/Sock_puppet) Socks in sandals (/wiki/Socks_in_sandals) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Knapik, J. J.; Hamlet, M. P.; Thompson, K. J.; Jones, B. H. (October 1996). "Influence of boot-sock systems on frequency and severity of foot blisters" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8918120/) . Military Medicine . 161 (10): 594–598. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1093/milmed/161.10.594 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmilmed%2F161.10.594) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0026-4075 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0026-4075) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 8918120 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8918120) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Best men's boot socks" (https://kdvr.com/reviews/best-mens-boot-socks/) . FOX31 Denver . 2022-02-24. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220307045344/https://kdvr.com/reviews/best-mens-boot-socks/) from the original on 2022-03-07 . Retrieved 2023-01-28 . This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boot_sock&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c57c99494‐rwg7x Cached time: 20240716054421 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.212 seconds Real time usage: 0.284 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 393/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8019/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 310/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12873/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.147/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3612486/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 251.427 1 -total 38.14% 95.893 1 Template:Reflist 33.29% 83.701 1 Template:Fashion-stub 31.79% 79.923 1 Template:Asbox 30.87% 77.628 1 Template:Cite_journal 24.30% 61.101 1 Template:Short_description 13.26% 33.346 2 Template:Pagetype 7.00% 17.590 3 Template:Main_other 6.23% 15.664 1 Template:SDcat 3.44% 8.645 1 Template:Shy Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:33644766-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716054421 and revision id 1234797413. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boot_sock&oldid=1234797413 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boot_sock&oldid=1234797413) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Socks (/wiki/Category:Socks) Fashion stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
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Articles related to brands owned by shoe (/wiki/Shoe) manufacturer (/wiki/Manufacturer) Reebok (/wiki/Reebok) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐6qnl4 Cached time: 20240719173034 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.003 seconds Real time usage: 0.049 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:5290639-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719173034 and revision id 1075875719. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Reebok brands" The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . C Reebok Classic (/wiki/Reebok_Classic) F Reebok Freestyle (/wiki/Reebok_Freestyle) P Reebok Pump (/wiki/Reebok_Pump) R Reebok Nano (/wiki/Reebok_Nano) Reebok Ventilator (/wiki/Reebok_Ventilator) Reebok Zig (/wiki/Reebok_Zig) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Reebok_brands&oldid=1075875719 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Reebok_brands&oldid=1075875719) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Brands by company (/wiki/Category:Brands_by_company) Athletic shoe brands (/wiki/Category:Athletic_shoe_brands) Sporting goods brands (/wiki/Category:Sporting_goods_brands) Reebok (/wiki/Category:Reebok)
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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Wedding dresses (/wiki/Wedding_dresses) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wedding dresses (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Wedding_dresses) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐qr5rj Cached time: 20240720173444 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.054 seconds Real time usage: 0.088 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 150/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2993/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 286/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1528/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.031/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1180272/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 78.236 1 -total 57.80% 45.222 1 Template:Commons_category 55.56% 43.466 1 Template:Sister_project 53.68% 41.996 1 Template:Side_box 42.07% 32.917 1 Template:Cat_main 32.65% 25.547 2 Template:If_then_show Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31638486-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720173444 and revision id 1084724847. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total. D Wedding dress designers (/wiki/Category:Wedding_dress_designers) (53 P) R Royal wedding dresses (/wiki/Category:Royal_wedding_dresses) (28 P) Pages in category "Wedding dresses" The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Berberisca dress (/wiki/Berberisca_dress) Bridal crown (/wiki/Bridal_crown) C Care cloth (/wiki/Care_cloth) D David's Bridal (/wiki/David%27s_Bridal) F Fengguan xiapei (/wiki/Fengguan_xiapei) Flower bouquet (/wiki/Flower_bouquet) H Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) I I Found the Gown (/wiki/I_Found_the_Gown) N Nurmahali dress (/wiki/Nurmahali_dress) P Portrait of Margarete Brömsen (/wiki/Portrait_of_Margarete_Br%C3%B6msen) Q Qungua (/wiki/Qungua) R Running of the Brides (/wiki/Running_of_the_Brides) S Say Yes to the Dress (/wiki/Say_Yes_to_the_Dress) Say Yes to the Dress: UK (/wiki/Say_Yes_to_the_Dress:_UK) Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta (/wiki/Say_Yes_to_the_Dress:_Atlanta) Say Yes to the Dress: Randy Knows Best (/wiki/Say_Yes_to_the_Dress:_Randy_Knows_Best) T Traditional Chinese wedding dress (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_wedding_dress) Train (clothing) (/wiki/Train_(clothing)) Trash the dress (/wiki/Trash_the_dress) W Wedding dress (/wiki/Wedding_dress) Wedding dress of Carolyn Bessette (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Carolyn_Bessette) Wedding dress of Jacqueline Bouvier (/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Jacqueline_Bouvier) Wedding of Anant Ambani and Radhika Merchant (/wiki/Wedding_of_Anant_Ambani_and_Radhika_Merchant) Wedding ring (/wiki/Wedding_ring) Wedding sari (/wiki/Wedding_sari) White wedding (/wiki/White_wedding) X Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wedding_dresses&oldid=1084724847 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Wedding_dresses&oldid=1084724847) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Wedding clothing (/wiki/Category:Wedding_clothing) Dresses (/wiki/Category:Dresses) Individual dresses (/wiki/Category:Individual_dresses) Gowns (/wiki/Category:Gowns) White dresses (/wiki/Category:White_dresses) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
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British journalist Rassi covering the 2019 Golden Globes red carpet with E! News Zanna Roberts Rassi is a British born, New York-based fashion, beauty and entertainment journalist (/wiki/Entertainment_journalism) and businesswoman. She is a co-founder of Milk Makeup (/wiki/Milk_Makeup) [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) and currently the Fashion-Editor-at-Large for Marie Claire (/wiki/Marie_Claire) , E! News (/wiki/E!_News) fashion correspondent, Today Show (/wiki/NBC_Today_Show) fashion contributor, and consults for the American retail chain Target [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) as a fashion stylist (/wiki/Wardrobe_stylist) , along with brands such as Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) [5] (#cite_note-5) and Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) . [6] (#cite_note-6) Career [ edit ] Rassi interviews A-list celebs [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) and is part of the E! Live from the Red Carpet team covering the Met Gala (/wiki/Met_Gala) , [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) Oscars , [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) Golden Globes , [15] (#cite_note-15) E! People's Choice Awards (/wiki/E!_People%27s_Choice_Awards) [16] (#cite_note-16) and Emmy Awards . [17] (#cite_note-17) She also hosts E! News (/wiki/E!_News) coverage twice a year throughout NYFW (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) . [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) [21] (#cite_note-21) In her role as a contributor on the Today Show , Roberts Rassi hosts style segments, [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-23) red carpet recaps, [24] (#cite_note-24) and also travelled to cover the 2018 Royal Wedding (/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Harry_and_Meghan_Markle) . [25] (#cite_note-25) Her on-camera presence has made her a sought-after mentor, judge, stylist, and host on such properties as Project Runway All Stars (/wiki/Project_Runway_All_Stars) , [26] (#cite_note-26) Glam Masters , [27] (#cite_note-27) E!’s Just 1 Thing , and her mini-series, Commuter Beauty . [28] (#cite_note-28) Rassi co-founded the cosmetics company Milk Makeup (/wiki/Milk_Makeup) in 2016 with her husband Mazdack Rassi (/wiki/Mazdack_Rassi) , Dianna Ruth and Georgie Greville. [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) The brand is cruelty-free, paraben-free and 100% vegan. [31] (#cite_note-31) Styled as clean, cool beauty the brand has won multiple awards including Allures Best of Beauty [32] (#cite_note-32) and Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) Beauty Game Changers . Personal life [ edit ] Rassi lives in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) with her husband Mazdack Rassi (/wiki/Mazdack_Rassi) , [33] (#cite_note-33) and together they have twin girls Rumi and Juno. [34] (#cite_note-34) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Meet Milk Makeup Co-Founder Zanna Roberts Rassi" (http://smagazineofficial.com/beauty/get-to-know-milk-makeup-co-founder-zanna-roberts-rassi-100310535) . S/ magazine . October 3, 2017 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "About Us" (https://www.milkmakeup.com/about-us.html) . www.milkmakeup.com . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Boyd, Sarah. "Fashion Veteran Zanna Roberts Rassi Steps Into Role As Target's First Stylist" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/sboyd/2015/08/28/fashion-vet-zanna-roberts-rassi-steps-into-role-as-targets-first-stylist/) . Forbes . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Zanna Roberts Rassi Named Target's Stylist" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/zanna-roberts-rassi-named-targets-stylist/) . Daily Front Row . August 24, 2015 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The adidas Originals' NMD & Tubular 2016 Spring/Summer Lookbooks Get 10 Unlikely Stylists" (https://hypebae.com/2016/4/adidas-originals-nmd-tubular-2016-spring-summer-lookbooks-zanna-roberts-rassi) . HYPEBAE . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "ZANNA ROBERTS RASSI" (http://the-file.com/profile/zanna-roberts-rassi-2/) . THE FILE . November 4, 2014 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Rihanna Celebrates Pregnant Models at Fenty Lingerie Show , retrieved January 14, 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Gigi Hadid Shares What It's Like to Walk With Bella in the VS Show" (https://www.eonline.com/news/985369/gigi-hadid-shares-what-s-it-like-to-walk-with-bella-hadid-in-the-victoria-s-secret-fashion-show) . E! Online . November 8, 2018 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Fitting Time! from Zanna Roberts Rassi's Met Gala Diary" (https://www.eonline.com/photos/16049/zanna-roberts-rassi-s-met-gala-diary/485746) . E! Online . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Lily Aldridge's Met Gala 2018 Dress Revealed so Many Cool Secrets" (https://www.eonline.com/news/933213/lily-aldridge-s-met-gala-2018-dress-revealed-so-many-cool-secrets) . E! Online . May 7, 2018 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "E! Is Going Live From the Red Carpet at the 2018 Met Gala: Details!" (https://www.eonline.com/news/931988/e-is-gearing-up-for-fashion-s-biggest-night-with-live-from-the-red-carpet-the-2018-met-gala) . E! Online . May 3, 2018 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Everything Zanna Roberts Rassi Wore for Oscars Weekend" (https://coveteur.com/2017/02/28/oscars-2017-outfits-zanna-roberts-rassi/) . Coveteur . February 28, 2017 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Maloney, Maggie (February 26, 2016). "Follow Us on Snapchat to See Zanna Roberts Rassi Report Live from the Oscars" (https://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity/a18903/marie-claire-oscars-2016-snapchat-takeover/) . Marie Claire . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Leaper, Caroline (February 25, 2015). "Red Carpet Facts: Zanna Roberts Rassi Is Our Oscars Insider" (https://www.marieclaire.co.uk/entertainment/tv-and-film/red-carpet-facts-zanna-roberts-rassi-is-our-oscars-insider-110722) . Marie Claire . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "All the Details on E!'s 2019 Golden Globes Coverage" (https://www.eonline.com/news/1000920/all-the-details-on-e-s-2019-golden-globes-coverage-including-a-live-busy-tonight-post-award-show-special) . E! Online . January 2, 2019 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "The Live From the Red Carpet PCAs Special Is Going to Be Full of Surprises: All the Details! on People's Choice Awards" (https://www.eonline.com/shows/peoples_choice_awards/news/984687/the-live-from-the-red-carpet-pcas-special-is-going-to-be-full-of-surprises-all-the-details) . E! . November 7, 2018 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Zanna Roberts Rassi | TV Guide" (https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/zanna-roberts-rassi/credits/331019) . TVGuide.com . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Fashion Insiders: Zanna Roberts Rassi's NYFW Diary" (https://www.eonline.com/news/509664/fashion-insiders-zanna-roberts-rassi-s-nyfw-diary) . E! Online . February 11, 2014 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "Zanna Roberts Rassi's New York Fashion Week Diary—See the Pics!" (https://www.eonline.com/news/697369/zanna-roberts-rassi-s-new-york-fashion-week-style-diary-see-the-pics) . E! Online . September 18, 2015 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Kanye West Wants to Do a Fashion Collaboration With This Designer" (https://www.eonline.com/news/967086/kanye-west-wants-to-do-a-fashion-collaboration-with-this-designer) . E! Online . September 10, 2018 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Bella Hadid Wears a Sheer Catsuit During New York Fashion Week" (https://www.eonline.com/news/967107/bella-hadid-wears-a-sheer-catsuit-during-new-york-fashion-week) . E! Online . September 10, 2018 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Leopard, logos and denim: Fashion trends from the '90s and more are making a comeback" (https://www.today.com/video/leopard-logos-and-denim-fashion-trends-from-the-90s-and-more-are-making-a-comeback-1304062019628) . TODAY.com . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) "Fall fashion: 3 ways to wear 1 trendy piece" (https://www.today.com/video/fall-fashion-3-ways-to-wear-1-trendy-piece-1352762947917) . TODAY.com . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Golden Globes red carpet fashion: See the best-dressed stars" (https://www.today.com/video/golden-globes-red-carpet-fashion-see-the-best-dressed-stars-1421103683643) . TODAY.com . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) "Royal Wedding: Idris Elba, Oprah Winfrey, more arrive at Windsor Castle" (https://www.today.com/video/royal-wedding-idris-elba-oprah-winfrey-more-arrive-at-windsor-castle-1237469763697) . TODAY.com . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "About Project Runway All Stars" (http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/project-runway-all-stars/about) . Lifetime . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Rassi, Zanna Roberts (March 21, 2018). "We Found Out What Really Goes on Behind the Scenes of Lifetime's 'Glam Masters' (https://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/a19482293/glam-masters/) " (https://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/a19482293/glam-masters/) . Marie Claire . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) Rassi, Zanna Roberts (March 21, 2018). "We Found Out What Really Goes on Behind the Scenes of Lifetime's 'Glam Masters' (https://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/a19482293/glam-masters/) " (https://www.marieclaire.com/beauty/a19482293/glam-masters/) . Marie Claire . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) Noble, Audrey (March 23, 2016). "Got Milk? Makeup Essentials for the Cool Girl on the Go" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/03/got-milk-makeup-essentials-for-the-cool-girl-on-the-go) . Vanities . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "At Home With... Zanna Roberts Rassi | The Glow" (http://theglow.com/zanna-roberts-rassi/) . theglow.com . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "We're Now 100% Vegan! Here's What That Means… | Milk Blog" (https://www.milkmakeup.com/milk-makeup-vegan.html) . www.milkmakeup.com . March 27, 2018 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Award Winning Beauty Products & Reviews 2018" (https://www.allure.com/beauty-products/best-of-beauty) . Allure . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Zanna Roberts Rassi & Mazdack Rassi" (https://coveteur.com/2016/02/09/zanna-roberts-rassi-mazdack-rassi/) . Coveteur . February 9, 2016 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Family Circus With Mazdack And Zanna Roberts Rassi" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/family-circus-with-mazdack-rassi-and-zanna-roberts-rassi-2/) . Daily Front Row . September 9, 2014 . Retrieved January 14, 2019 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.zannarobertsrassi.com/) This biographical article related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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(Redirected from Kristina Bernadette Cojuangco Aquino (/w/index.php?title=Kristina_Bernadette_Cojuangco_Aquino&redirect=no) ) Filipino television presenter and actress (born 1971) This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Kris Aquino" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kris+Aquino%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kris+Aquino%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kris+Aquino%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kris+Aquino%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kris+Aquino%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kris+Aquino%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( January 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) In this Philippine name (/wiki/Filipino_name) , the middle name (/wiki/Middle_name) or maternal family name (/wiki/Surname) is Cojuangco (/wiki/Cojuangco) and the surname or paternal family name is Aquino (/wiki/Aquino_family) . Kris Aquino Aquino in 2015 Born Kristina Bernadette Cojuangco Aquino ( 1971-02-14 ) February 14, 1971 (age 53) Quezon City (/wiki/Quezon_City) , Philippines Other names Kris Occupations Television presenter actress film producer Title Queen of All Media Spouse James Yap (/wiki/James_Yap) ( m. 2005; ann. 2012) Children 2, including Bimby (/wiki/Bimby_Aquino_Yap) Parents Ninoy Aquino (/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino) (father) Corazon Cojuangco (/wiki/Corazon_Aquino) (mother) Relatives List Cojuangco family (/wiki/Cojuangco) Aquino family (/wiki/Aquino_family) Sen. Jose W. Diokno (/wiki/Jose_W._Diokno) (seventh cousin once removed) [a] (#cite_note-3) Chel Diokno (/wiki/Chel_Diokno) (seventh cousin twice removed) [3] (#cite_note-4) Sumulong family Years active 1986–2022 Kristina "Kris" Bernadette Cojuangco Aquino ( locally [ˌkɾis (/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog) ʔɐˈxiː.no] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog) ; born February 14, 1971) is a Filipino former television presenter, actress, talent manager and film producer. She notably starred as Princess Intan in the acclaimed Crazy Rich Asians (/wiki/Crazy_Rich_Asians_(film)) [4] (#cite_note-5) and is a recipient of 42 PMPC Star Awards for Television (/wiki/PMPC_Star_Awards_for_Television) , 10 Golden Screen Awards (/wiki/Golden_Screen_Award_(Canada)) and a FAMAS Award (/wiki/FAMAS_Award) . [5] (#cite_note-6) [6] (#cite_note-7) [7] (#cite_note-8) Dubbed as Philippine's "Queen of All Media", Aquino has hosted numerous talk shows and game shows (/wiki/Game_shows) , starred in several films and television series, and currently making waves in the social media platform. She is the youngest daughter of the late Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. (/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr.) and the late President Corazon Aquino (/wiki/Corazon_Aquino) , who served as the 11th President of the Philippines (/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines) . Her brother Benigno Aquino III (/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III) served as the 15th President of the Philippines from 2010 until 2016. Her debut film appearance was in Pido Dida: Sabay Tayo (/wiki/Pido_Dida:_Sabay_Tayo) and was also known for her roles in horror films Feng Shui (/wiki/Feng_Shui_(2004_film)) and Sukob (/wiki/Sukob) , which was the highest-grossing Filipino film of 2004 and 2006 respectively. [8] (#cite_note-Pep.ph-9) She is also widely known as a top celebrity product endorser and a philanthropist who advocates for lupus (/wiki/Lupus) awareness, children's rights, LGBT (/wiki/LGBT) rights, culture and art appreciation, freedom of expression (/wiki/Freedom_of_expression) , and democratic reforms. [9] (#cite_note-:0-10) Early life and education [ edit ] Kristina Bernadette Cojuangco Aquino was born in Quezon City (/wiki/Quezon_City) , Philippines, to Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino (/wiki/Corazon_Aquino) and Benigno Aquino Jr. (/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr.) who was, at the time, a senator (/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines) of the Ferdinand Marcos (/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos) regime. The youngest of five children, her siblings are Maria Elena "Ballsy" Aquino-Cruz, Aurora Corazon "Pinky" Aquino-Abellada, former Philippine President Benigno S. Aquino III (/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III) , and Victoria Elisa "Viel" Aquino-Dee. She is the cousin of actress and equestrienne Mikee Cojuangco (/wiki/Mikee_Cojuangco) , and the niece of former Philippine Olympic Committee president Jose "Peping" Cojuangco Jr. (/wiki/Peping_Cojuangco) When she was a baby, her father was arrested and jailed; her mother raised Aquino and her siblings. [10] (#cite_note-abs-cbnnews.com-11) [11] (#cite_note-m.manila.coconuts.co-12) [12] (#cite_note-mb.com.ph-13) During the 1978 parliamentary elections (/wiki/1978_Philippine_parliamentary_election) when her jailed father was a candidate, the seven-year-old Aquino was a stand-in for him at campaign rallies. She was featured on the front page of The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) and on the cover of Time Magazine (/wiki/Time_Magazine) . Aquino spent most of her elementary school days in the United States, where the Aquino family was in exile. When she was 12 years old, her father was assassinated (/wiki/Assassination_of_Benigno_Aquino_Jr.) on the tarmac of Manila International Airport (/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_International_Airport) . Kris Aquino returned to the Philippines and attended rallies against the Marcos regime. After the Philippine Revolution of 1986 (/wiki/Philippine_Revolution_of_1986) , which removed Ferdinand Marcos (/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos) from his 21-year regime (/wiki/Martial_law_in_the_Philippines) , the teenage Aquino began guesting stints on television dramas and comedies, as well as talk shows. She made her film debut with actor-comedian Rene Requiestas (/wiki/Rene_Requiestas) in Pido Dida (/wiki/Pido_Dida:_Sabay_Tayo) , which was a blockbuster hit. Aquino had a commercially steady career, and managed to score an acting nomination for The Fatima Buen Story . She starred in a film based on a true-to-life murder, the Vizconde massacre (/wiki/Vizconde_massacre) . Its financial success and numerous starring appearances in crime films of the same vein, earned her the nickname "Massacre Queen" by newspaper critics. Aquino finished her elementary school education at the Poveda Learning Center (now Saint Pedro Poveda College (/wiki/Saint_Pedro_Poveda_College) ) in Quezon City (/wiki/Quezon_City) . She went to high school at the Colegio San Agustin-Makati (/wiki/Colegio_San_Agustin-Makati) , where she was batchmates with Pinky Webb (/wiki/Pinky_Webb) and Karen Davila (/wiki/Karen_Davila) . [13] (#cite_note-14) Career [ edit ] Television [ edit ] Aquino shifted her sights to a television career as a showbiz talk show host with the launching of the talk show Kris (/wiki/The_Kris_Aquino_Show) . It was produced by Viva Television (/wiki/VIVA_Entertainment) on the People's Television Network (/wiki/People%27s_Television_Network) . It was on GMA Network's showbiz oriented talk show Startalk (/wiki/Startalk_(Philippine_TV_series)) , which she co-hosted with Boy Abunda (/wiki/Boy_Abunda) and Lolit Solis (/wiki/Lolit_Solis) , that her hosting skills attracted attention. She later joined ABS-CBN (/wiki/ABS-CBN) as a contract artist and was launched in morning talk show Today with Kris Aquino (/wiki/Today_with_Kris_Aquino) . Following are showbiz-oriented talk show The Buzz (/wiki/The_Buzz_(talk_show)) alongside Boy Abunda (/wiki/Boy_Abunda) and game show Game KNB? (/wiki/Game_KNB%3F) . From 2002 to 2004, she hosted the talk show Morning Girls with Kris and Korina (/wiki/Morning_Girls_with_Kris_and_Korina) with known broadcast journalist Korina Sanchez (/wiki/Korina_Sanchez) . In 2007, Aquino took a showbiz break leaving The Buzz (/wiki/The_Buzz_(talk_show)) and the reformatted Pilipinas, Game Ka Na Ba? (/wiki/Pilipinas,_Game_Ka_Na_Ba%3F) where she was replaced by Edu Manzano (/wiki/Edu_Manzano) , when she gave birth to her second son. [14] (#cite_note-15) Aquino also hosted the Philippine franchise (/wiki/Kapamilya,_Deal_or_No_Deal) of Deal or No Deal (/wiki/Deal_or_No_Deal) , which is part of ABS-CBN's primetime lineup, where she also appeared on the US version as part of a Deal or No Deal "around the world" event which hosted by Howie Mandel (/wiki/Howie_Mandel) in May 2008. She also hosted Boy & Kris (/wiki/Boy_%26_Kris) , a morning talk show that replaced Homeboy, together with Boy Abunda (/wiki/Boy_Abunda) , [15] (#cite_note-16) Be Bench , a model search show together with Piolo Pascual (/wiki/Piolo_Pascual) , [16] (#cite_note-17) [17] (#cite_note-18) another TV franchise, Wheel of Fortune (/wiki/Wheel_of_Fortune_(Philippine_game_show)) , which replaced Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal (/wiki/Kapamilya,_Deal_or_No_Deal) and marks her return on The Buzz (/wiki/The_Buzz_(talk_show)) in 2014. In 2011, Aquino hosted Kris TV (/wiki/Kris_TV) , a lifestyle-magazine talk show which airs weekday mornings on ABS-CBN (/wiki/ABS-CBN) . The show ran from June 2011 to April 2016 prior to Aquino officially leaving her home network for 20 years. [18] (#cite_note-leaving-19) Also in 2011, she hosted the Filipino version of The Price is Right (/wiki/The_Price_Is_Right_(Philippine_game_show)) . Film [ edit ] Aquino began her film career with Regal Films (/wiki/Regal_Films) , one of the oldest film companies in the Philippines, appearing in Pido Dida: Sabay Tayo (/wiki/Pido_Dida:_Sabay_Tayo) (1990), and its sequals with comedian Rene Requiestas (/wiki/Rene_Requiestas) . It earned her first box office queen award. She later shifted to dramatisations of true crime, including The Vizconde Massacre Story , Myrna Diones Story , Elsa Castillo-Ang Katotohanan , and Humanda Ka Mayor . [ citation needed ] She won her first supporting actress award in 2002 for Mano Po (/wiki/Mano_Po) , for her portrayal of a weak-willed and submissive scion of a wealthy Filipino-Chinese clan. In the 2004 film So... Happy Together (/wiki/So_Happy_Together_(film)) she played opposite Eric Quizon (/wiki/Eric_Quizon) . [ citation needed ] Other films include: Feng Shui (/wiki/Feng_Shui_(2004_film)) , a Star Cinema (/wiki/Star_Cinema) production that featured Chinese influences and omen. Feng Shui , which was made during the wave of "Asian-style horror" flicks that spread throughout the continent after 2002's. The Ring (/wiki/The_Ring_(2002_film)) made P137 million. It was the highest grossing Filipino movie of 2004, and the second most successful movie overall that year, next to Spider-Man 2 (/wiki/Spider-Man_2) , which earned more than P225 million. In 2006, Sukob (/wiki/Sukob) , another horror thriller, became the highest grossing Filipino film of all time surpassing Ang Tanging Ina (/wiki/Ang_Tanging_Ina) and Anak (/wiki/Anak_(film)) . She also starred alongside Vice Ganda (/wiki/Vice_Ganda) and Ai-Ai delas Alas (/wiki/Ai-Ai_delas_Alas) in Sisterakas (/wiki/Sisterakas) , a 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival (/wiki/Metro_Manila_Film_Festival) entry. [ citation needed ] In 2018, she played Princess Intan in Crazy Rich Asians (/wiki/Crazy_Rich_Asians_(film)) . [9] (#cite_note-:0-10) Illness [ edit ] Aquino's health has detoriated by 2022. Aquino was diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria (/wiki/Chronic_spontaneous_urticaria) in 2018 after undergoing tests in Singapore out of concern that she might be suffering from lupus (/wiki/Lupus) . [19] (#cite_note-20) In May 2022, Aquino disclosed that she has a life-threatening condition but dispelled rumors that she was "dying" and confined in an intensive care unit (/wiki/Intensive_care_unit) . She has also stated to have autoimmune thyroiditis (/wiki/Autoimmune_thyroiditis) and vasculitis (/wiki/Vasculitis) . [20] (#cite_note-21) In June 2022, she disclosed her eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (/wiki/Eosinophilic_granulomatosis_with_polyangiitis) diagnosis, adding that she is going to reside in the United States to receive treatment for her condition. [21] (#cite_note-22) As of October 2023, Aquino is living in Orange County, California (/wiki/Orange_County,_California) . [22] (#cite_note-23) In the Valentine's Day (/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day) 2024 episode of Fast Talk with Boy Abunda (/wiki/Fast_Talk_with_Boy_Abunda) , Aquino, via Zoom (/wiki/Zoom_(software)) revealed that her hemoglobin (/wiki/Hemoglobin) count dropped to an alarming 8.7, her face has a butterfly rash (/wiki/Malar_rash) due to a fifth autoimmune disease and has several light scratches, an effect of Churg-Strauss syndrome (/wiki/Eosinophilic_granulomatosis_with_polyangiitis) . She also suffers from fluctuating blood pressure (/wiki/Labile_hypertension) , swollen knees and bones per Mixed connective tissue disease (/wiki/Mixed_connective_tissue_disease) , CREST syndrome (/wiki/CREST_syndrome) and Rheumatoid arthritis (/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis) and her heart's muscles around it were swollen (/wiki/Myocarditis) . [23] (#cite_note-24) [24] (#cite_note-25) [25] (#cite_note-26) Personal life [ edit ] Aquino had a relationship with actor Phillip Salvador (/wiki/Phillip_Salvador) and had their first son in 1994. [26] (#cite_note-27) In 2003, her relationship with comedian Joey Marquez (/wiki/Joey_Marquez) was highly publicized after their breakup in which Aquino exposed Marquez on contracting her with STD (/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease) . [27] (#cite_note-28) Aquino was married to PBA (/wiki/Philippine_Basketball_Association) professional player James Yap (/wiki/James_Yap) in a civil marriage ceremony on July 10, 2005, and announced the following year that she was pregnant, [28] (#cite_note-29) following a controversy in 2006 on Yap's infidelity. [29] (#cite_note-30) In April 2007, Aquino gave birth to her second son, James Carlos "Bimby" Aquino Yap Jr. (/wiki/Bimby_Aquino_Yap) , in Makati. [30] (#cite_note-31) In 2010, Aquino announced that she had separated from Yap, citing personal reasons, and stated she was seeking an annulment. [31] (#cite_note-32) It was in February 2012 that their marriage was declared null and void (/wiki/Null_and_void) . [32] (#cite_note-33) Aquino was amidst another public scandal in 2018 making death verbal threats via telephone [33] (#cite_note-34) to her former business manager, Nicko Falcis as their business relationship gradually ended. This was after her filing numerous cases against Falcis, [34] (#cite_note-35) majority of which got dismissed [35] (#cite_note-36) and are now under mediation. [36] (#cite_note-37) Currently, Aquino has no business partner nor business manager. In October 2021, Aquino announced her engagement to former politician Mel Senen Sarmiento (/wiki/Mel_Senen_Sarmiento) . [37] (#cite_note-38) But in January 2022, Aquino said via Instagram that both she and Sarmiento agreed to call it off. [38] (#cite_note-39) In June 2024, Aquino and Bimby Aquino Yap (/wiki/Bimby_Aquino_Yap) confirmed a new relationship (/wiki/Romance_(love)) with an unnamed boyfriend (/wiki/Boyfriend) , a Makati (/wiki/Makati) doctor. [39] (#cite_note-40) Business ventures [ edit ] Aside from her TV and movie career, Aquino owns and manages several businesses. She co-owns Lena Restaurant and Sencillo, a Mexican restaurant, as well as Roberto Antonio, an upscale flower shop with business partner Boy Abunda (/wiki/Boy_Abunda) . [40] (#cite_note-41) She founded a boutique and agency in partnership with Abunda and other personalities including Nonon del Carmen and Agnes Maranan. The boutique and agency was named MAD (an acronym for their surnames). [41] (#cite_note-42) She co-owns Sierra Madre Water. Aquino also owns numerous fast food store franchises such as Jollibee and Chowking and owns Nacho Bimby (aka Potato Corner (/wiki/Potato_Corner) ) [42] (#cite_note-43) - a company that's under her youngest son's namesake. She is also executive editor of a bi-monthly magazine called K! The Kris Aquino Magazine . In December 2009, Aquino showcased her home collection called K Everyday . In partnership with ABS-CBN Licensing, K Everyday features cooking, kitchen-wares, plastic, and stationery collections. [8] (#cite_note-Pep.ph-9) Filmography [ edit ] Main article: Kris Aquino filmography (/wiki/Kris_Aquino_filmography) Production company [ edit ] K Productions Company type Subsidiary Industry Motion picture Film distribution Television Founded 2013 Defunct Unknown Headquarters Quezon City (/wiki/Quezon_City) , Philippines Area served Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) Key people Kristina Bernadette C. Aquino Tess V. Fuentes Products Film Vlog (/wiki/Vlog) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) ABS-CBN Corporation (/wiki/ABS-CBN_Corporation) Subsidiaries (/wiki/Subsidiary) ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc. (/wiki/ABS-CBN_Film_Productions,_Inc.) In 2013, Aquino established a film and television production company (/wiki/Production_company) , and film distributor called Kris Aquino Productions (or K Productions). It is managed by Star Cinema (/wiki/Star_Cinema) , the country's largest motion picture company, which has produced most of the highest grossing Filipino films of all time (/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_Philippines) . Its debut film was Instant Mommy (/wiki/Instant_Mommy) starring Eugene Domingo (/wiki/Eugene_Domingo) . [43] (#cite_note-44) She produced her son's debut movie, My Little Bossings (/wiki/My_Little_Bossings) , in 2013. [44] (#cite_note-45) Starting in 2010, she had already begun co-producing Star Cinema (/wiki/Star_Cinema) films in which she starred, including Dalaw (/wiki/Dalaw) (2010), Segunda Mano (/wiki/Segunda_Mano) (2011), and Sisterakas (/wiki/Sisterakas) (2012). In 2015, Aquino started producing vlogs on her own website, [45] (#cite_note-46) featuring specifically cooking and travel vlogs (/wiki/Vlogs) . Theatrical feature films [ edit ] Year Release Date Film Cast Production Company (ies) Director 2013 (/wiki/List_of_Filipino_films_of_2013) July 27 (/wiki/9th_Cinemalaya_Independent_Film_Festival) August 28 Instant Mommy (/wiki/Instant_Mommy) Eugene Domingo (/wiki/Eugene_Domingo) Cinemalaya (/wiki/Cinemalaya) Quantum Films Leo Abaya December 25 (/wiki/2013_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival) My Little Bossings (/wiki/My_Little_Bossings) Kris Aquino Vic Sotto (/wiki/Vic_Sotto) Bimby Aquino Yap (/wiki/Bimby_Aquino_Yap) Ryzza Mae Dizon (/wiki/Ryzza_Mae_Dizon) OctoArts Films (/wiki/OctoArts_Films) M - Zet TV Productions, Inc. (/wiki/M_-_Zet_Productions) APT Entertainment (/wiki/APT_Entertainment) Marlon N. Rivera 2014 (/wiki/List_of_Filipino_films_of_2014) December 25 (/wiki/2014_Metro_Manila_Film_Festival) Feng Shui 2 (/wiki/Feng_Shui_2) Kris Aquino Coco Martin (/wiki/Coco_Martin) ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc. (/wiki/ABS-CBN_Film_Productions,_Inc.) Chito Roño (/wiki/Chito_Ro%C3%B1o) Accolades [ edit ] Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Kris Aquino (/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Kris_Aquino) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Quiñones, Klarenz (December 1, 2018). "Francisco Sumulong" (https://www.geni.com/people/Francisco-Sumulong/6000000030469689838) . Retrieved March 8, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Dulay, Toti (2012). "Chapter 3 : Marikina" (https://sites.google.com/site/truelakandula/chapter-3-marikina) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "The Sauza-Berenguer de Marquina Official Website" (https://familiasauza.webs.com/) . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "4 things to know about Kris Aquino, the Philippines' 'Queen of All Media' (https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3097102/kris-aquino-philippines-millionaire-queen-all-media-who) " (https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3097102/kris-aquino-philippines-millionaire-queen-all-media-who) . South China Morning Post . August 13, 2020 . Retrieved June 26, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "33rd Star Awards for Television names TV Queens; PMPC bares nominees" (https://www.pep.ph/guide/tv/146277/33rd-star-awards-for-television-names-tv-queens-pmpc-bares-nominees-a2670-20190922-lfrm2) . PEP.ph . Retrieved June 26, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "POST-SCRIPT: Kris Aquino's true Hollywood story" (https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/supreme/2017/04/28/1689439/post-script-kris-aquinos-true-hollywood-story) . www.philstar.com . April 28, 2017 . Retrieved June 26, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "6th Golden Screen TV Awards nominees bared; Angel Locsin, Marian Rivera snubbed for Best Actress" (https://www.pep.ph/guide/tv/17131/6th-golden-screen-tv-awards-nominees-bared-angel-locsin-marian-rivera-snubbed-for-best-actress) . PEP.ph . Retrieved June 26, 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Claudine Barretto, Kris Aquino share Box Office Queen throne" (http://www.pep.ph/guide/557/Claudine-Barretto,-Kris-Aquino-share-Box-Office-Queen-throne) . Philippine Entertainment Portal . April 27, 2007. ^ Jump up to: a b "Movie review: Kris Aquino is a showstopper in 'Crazy Rich Asians' (https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/08/22/18/movie-review-kris-aquino-is-a-showstopper-in-crazy-rich-asians) " (https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/08/22/18/movie-review-kris-aquino-is-a-showstopper-in-crazy-rich-asians) . ABS-CBN News . Retrieved August 22, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-abs-cbnnews.com_11-0) "WATCH: Kris to host lunch for APEC first ladies" (http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/11/09/15/watch-kris-to-host-lunch-for-apec-first-ladies) . ABS-CBN News . Retrieved April 12, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-m.manila.coconuts.co_12-0) "There are 10 first ladies who confirmed to Kris Aquino's lunch | Coconuts Manila" (http://m.manila.coconuts.co/2015/11/10/there-are-10-first-ladies-who-confirmed-kris-aquinos-lunch) . M.manila.coconuts.co . November 10, 2015 . Retrieved April 12, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-mb.com.ph_13-0) "Kris as APEC 2015 First Lady | mb.com.ph | Philippine News" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151121182237/http://www.mb.com.ph/kris-as-apec-2015-first-lady/) . Manila Bulletin . Archived from the original (http://www.mb.com.ph/kris-as-apec-2015-first-lady/) on November 21, 2015 . Retrieved April 12, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Colegio San Agustin holds Batch '88 homecoming" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170921002055/https://ph.news.yahoo.com/colegio-san-agustin-holds-batch-88-homecoming-165726944.html) . Yahoo! Philippines . August 4, 2013. Archived from the original (https://ph.news.yahoo.com/colegio-san-agustin-holds-batch-88-homecoming-165726944.html) on September 21, 2017 . Retrieved September 20, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "The Buzz: Kris out, Ruffa in!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070714124742/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=80212) . The Philippine Star . Archived from the original (http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=80212) on July 14, 2007 . Retrieved July 3, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Boy Abunda confirms new show with Kris Aquino" (http://www.pep.ph/news/13626/Boy-Abunda-confirms-new-show-with-Kris-Aquino) . Philippine Entertainment Portal . June 14, 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Bench launches reality TV model search" (http://www.mb.com.ph/archive_pages.php?url=http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2007/07/21/ENTR2007072198238.html) . Manila Bulletin . July 21, 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Kris Aquino and Piolo Pascual team up in "Be Bench" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234421/http://www.pep.ph/articles/13263/Kris-Aquino-and-Piolo-Pascual-team-up-in-%E2%80%9CBe-Bench%E2%80%9D) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234421/http://www.pep.ph/articles/13263/Kris-Aquino-and-Piolo-Pascual-team-up-in-%E2%80%9CBe-Bench%E2%80%9D) . Philippine Entertainment Portal . July 29, 2007. Archived from the original (http://www.pep.ph/articles/13263/Kris-Aquino-and-Piolo-Pascual-team-up-in-%E2%80%9CBe-Bench%E2%80%9D) on September 27, 2007 . Retrieved July 29, 2007 . ^ (#cite_ref-leaving_19-0) "Kris Aquino says she's leaving ABS-CBN" (http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2016/03/09/1561070/kris-aquino-says-leaving-abs-cbn) . The Philippine Star . March 9, 2016 . Retrieved March 9, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Kris Aquino on autoimmune disease diagnosis: 'Being brave is part of my DNA' (https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/214024-kris-aquino-post-auto-immune-disease-october-2018/) " (https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/214024-kris-aquino-post-auto-immune-disease-october-2018/) . Rappler . October 11, 2018 . Retrieved June 4, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Pasajol, Anne (May 16, 2022). "Kris Aquino dismisses rumors she's dying amid 'life-threatening' illness: 'I'm going to fight to stay alive' (https://entertainment.inquirer.net/449072/kris-aquino-dismisses-rumors-shes-dying-amid-life-threatening-illness-im-going-to-fight-to-stay-alive) " (https://entertainment.inquirer.net/449072/kris-aquino-dismisses-rumors-shes-dying-amid-life-threatening-illness-im-going-to-fight-to-stay-alive) . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved June 4, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Cruz, Dana (June 3, 2022). "Kris Aquino diagnosed with rare disease EGPA, says goodbye to fans 'for now' (https://entertainment.inquirer.net/451550/kris-aquino-diagnosed-with-rare-disease-egpa-says-goodbye-to-fans-for-now) " (https://entertainment.inquirer.net/451550/kris-aquino-diagnosed-with-rare-disease-egpa-says-goodbye-to-fans-for-now) . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved June 4, 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) " (https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/celebrities/kris-aquino-update-autoimmune-condition-relationship-october-2023/) 'Surviving all side effects': Kris Aquino shares new update on her autoimmune condition" (https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/celebrities/kris-aquino-update-autoimmune-condition-relationship-october-2023/) . October 2, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-24) Francisco, Bombo (February 15, 2024). "Kris Aquino, may ikalimang autoimmune disease" (https://www.bomboradyo.com/kris-aquino-may-ikalimang-autoimmune-disease) . Bombo Radyo Philippines (/wiki/Bombo_Radyo_Philippines) . Retrieved February 15, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Purnell, Kristoffer (February 14, 2024). " (https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/health-and-family/2024/02/14/2333355/i-refuse-die-kris-aquino-reveals-worsening-health-condition-heart-extreme-risk) 'I refuse to die' (https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/health-and-family/2024/02/14/2333355/i-refuse-die-kris-aquino-reveals-worsening-health-condition-heart-extreme-risk) " (https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/health-and-family/2024/02/14/2333355/i-refuse-die-kris-aquino-reveals-worsening-health-condition-heart-extreme-risk) . The Philippine Star (/wiki/The_Philippine_Star) . Retrieved February 15, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Arceo, Therese (February 15, 2024). "Kris Aquino patuloy na lalabanan ang sakit: I refuse to die!" (https://bandera.inquirer.net/376990/kris-aquino-patuloy-na-lalabanan-ang-sakit-i-refuse-to-die) . Bandera News Philippines (/wiki/Bandera_News_Philippines) . Retrieved February 15, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Bernardino, Stephanie (June 4, 2021). "How Kris Aquino's son Josh celebrated 26th b-day" (https://mb.com.ph/2021/06/04/how-kris-aquinos-son-josh-celebrated-26th-b-day/) . Manila Bulletin (/wiki/Manila_Bulletin) . Retrieved October 24, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "RICKY LO: KRIS AND JOEY, HOW IT ALL STARTED" (http://www.newsflash.org/2003/05/sb/sb003036.htm) . Newsflash.org . Retrieved September 29, 2003 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Fermin: Kris is pregnant" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071030072956/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=50434) . ABS-CBN News . September 17, 2006. Archived from the original (http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=50434) on October 30, 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Hope speaks out, says James Yap courted her" (http://www.gmanews.tv/story/31960/Hope-speaks-out-says-James-Yap-courted-her) . GMA News . February 24, 2007 . Retrieved February 24, 2007 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) "Kris Aquino delivers baby James prematurely" (http://pep.ph/news/12922/Kris-Aquino-delivers-baby-James-prematurely) . Philippine Entertainment Portal . April 19, 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Kris Aquino says marriage to James is over" (http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/06/27/10/kris-aquino-says-marriage-james-over) . ABS-CBN News . Retrieved February 25, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-33) "Kris-James marriage 'null and void' (https://news.abs-cbn.com/video/entertainment/02/03/12/kris-james-marriage-null-and-void) " (https://news.abs-cbn.com/video/entertainment/02/03/12/kris-james-marriage-null-and-void) . ABS-CBN News . Retrieved February 3, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Nicko Falcis swears Kris Aquino said:'Papapatay ka ng pamilya ko" (https://www.pep.ph/news/72385/nicko-falcis-swears-kris-aquino-saidpapapatay-ka-ng-pamilya-ko) . Philippine Entertainment Portal . Retrieved January 10, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Nicko Falcis calls Kris Aquino complaint false, baseless and malicious" (https://www.pep.ph/news/72287/nicko-falcis-calls-kris-aquino-complaint-false-baseless-and-malicious?ref=featured) . Philippine Entertainment Portal . Retrieved January 10, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) "Manila prosecutor junks Kris Aquino's criminal complaint against Nicko Falcis" (https://news.abs-cbn.com/ancx/culture/spotlight/07/08/19/manila-prosecutor-junks-kris-aquinos-criminal-complaint-against-nicko-falcis) . ANC X . Retrieved July 10, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "After grave threat cases dismissed, Kris Aquino offers mediation with Nicko Falcis" (https://entertainment.inquirer.net/327785/after-grave-threat-cases-dismissed-kris-aquino-offers-mediation-with-nicko-falcis) . Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved July 10, 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Viernes, Franchesca (October 24, 2021). "Kris Aquino is engaged to former DILG secretary Mel Sarmiento" (https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/showbiz/chikaminute/808226/is-kris-aquino-engaged-to-former-dilg-secretary-mel-sarmiento/story/) . GMA News Online . Retrieved October 24, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Kris Aquino and fiancé Mel Senen Sarmiento break up" (https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/celebrities/kris-aquino-mel-senen-sarmiento-break-up/) . January 3, 2022. ^ (#cite_ref-40) Iglesias, Iza (June 30, 2024). "Kris Aquino confirms new romance" (https://www.manilatimes.net/2024/06/30/entertainment-lifestyle/kris-aquino-confirms-new-romance/1954233) . The Manila Times (/wiki/The_Manila_Times) . Retrieved July 1, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Esquerra Avenue's taste and pleasure universe" (http://www.tribune.net.ph/life/20061202lif1.html) . The Daily Tribune. December 2, 2006. [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-42) "Kris Aquino & Boy Abunda Go Mad; Open Ad Agency" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071015234952/http://adobomagazine.com/index/index.php?p=464&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1) . Adobo Magazine . Archived from the original (http://adobomagazine.com/index/index.php?p=464&more=1&c=1&tb=1&pb=1) on October 15, 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-43) "Nacho Bimby (aka Potato Corner)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180822015123/https://www.entrepreneur.com.ph/business-ideas/will-you-invest-php2m-php3-5m-for-a-franchised-stall-of-kris-aquino-s-nacho-bimby-a00178-20170816) . Archived from the original (https://www.entrepreneur.com.ph/business-ideas/will-you-invest-php2m-php3-5m-for-a-franchised-stall-of-kris-aquino-s-nacho-bimby-a00178-20170816) on August 22, 2018 . Retrieved August 21, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-44) Instant Mommy produced by Kris Aquino (http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/entertainment/04/19/13/kris-co-producing-eugene-domingos-newest-film) , abs-cbnnews.com; accessed July 3, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-45) Kris Aquino produces new movie star (http://www.philstar.com/sunday-life/2013/12/01/1262787/kris-aquino-film-producer-mom-new-movie-star-bimby) , philstar.com; accessed July 3, 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-46) "With Love Kris Aquino" (http://www.withlovekrisaquino.com) . Kris Aquino Official Website . Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-3) Diokno's ancestor is Demetria Sumulong who was born in Antipolo before moving south, her common ancestor with Aquino is Francisco Sumulong (born c. 1700). 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Men's perfume by Givenchy Givenchy Pour Homme is a men's perfume produced by French fashion house Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) , introduced in 2002. Its perfumers (/wiki/Perfumer) were Alberto Morillas (/wiki/Alberto_Morillas) and Ilias Ermenidis (/w/index.php?title=Ilias_Ermenidis&action=edit&redlink=1) . [1] (#cite_note-New_York_Times_-_23_July_2009_-_Scent_Notes_-_Play_by_Givenchy-1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-New_York_Times_-_23_July_2009_-_Scent_Notes_-_Play_by_Givenchy_1-0) Chandler Burr (/wiki/Chandler_Burr) (23 July 2009). "Scent Notes - Play by Givenchy" (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/23/scent-notes-play-by-givenchy/) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . The New York Times Company (/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company) . Retrieved 9 August 2014 . External links [ edit ] Givenchy Pour Homme (http://www.basenotes.net/ID26121941.html) at Basenotes.net (/wiki/Basenotes.net) v t e Parfums Givenchy (/wiki/Parfums_Givenchy) pour femme L'Interdit (/wiki/L%27Interdit) (1957) Le De (/w/index.php?title=Le_De&action=edit&redlink=1) (1957) Givenchy III (/w/index.php?title=Givenchy_III&action=edit&redlink=1) (1970) Eau de Givenchy (/w/index.php?title=Eau_de_Givenchy&action=edit&redlink=1) (1980) Ysatis (/wiki/Ysatis_(perfume)) (1984) Amarige (/wiki/Amarige) (1991) Organza (/w/index.php?title=Organza_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (1996) Hot Couture (/w/index.php?title=Hot_Couture_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (2000) My Couture (/w/index.php?title=My_Couture_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (2002) Very Irrésistible (/w/index.php?title=Very_Irr%C3%A9sistible&action=edit&redlink=1) (2003) pour homme Monsieur de Givenchy (/w/index.php?title=Monsieur_de_Givenchy&action=edit&redlink=1) (1959) Vetyver (/w/index.php?title=Vetyver_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (1959) Givenchy Gentleman (/w/index.php?title=Givenchy_Gentleman&action=edit&redlink=1) (1974) Xeryus (/wiki/Xeryus) (1986) Insensé (/w/index.php?title=Insens%C3%A9_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (1993) Pi (/w/index.php?title=Pi_(perfume)&action=edit&redlink=1) (1999) Givenchy Pour Homme (2002) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐6h7j5 Cached time: 20240712225303 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.248 seconds Real time usage: 0.321 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 310/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 8709/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 424/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12969/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.184/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3006664/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 298.207 1 -total 36.82% 109.812 1 Template:Reflist 35.00% 104.370 1 Template:Parfums_Givenchy 34.19% 101.943 1 Template:Navbox 31.01% 92.482 1 Template:Cite_news 27.48% 81.948 1 Template:Short_description 15.51% 46.243 2 Template:Pagetype 7.02% 20.922 3 Template:Main_other 6.13% 18.267 1 Template:SDcat 0.94% 2.804 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43514345-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712225303 and revision id 1067795480. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Givenchy_Pour_Homme&oldid=1067795480 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Givenchy_Pour_Homme&oldid=1067795480) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Products introduced in 2002 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_2002) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
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NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐cf698d9cf‐2wnhm Cached time: 20240717213643 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.003 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56123621-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717213643 and revision id 923635424. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Hairdressing salon chains" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Birds Barbershop (/wiki/Birds_Barbershop) D Drybar (/wiki/Drybar) F Fantastic Sams (/wiki/Fantastic_Sams) G Great Clips (/wiki/Great_Clips) H Hair Cuttery (/wiki/Hair_Cuttery) P Pall Mall Barbers (/wiki/Pall_Mall_Barbers) R Regis Corporation (/wiki/Regis_Corporation) Rudy's Barbershop (/wiki/Rudy%27s_Barbershop) S Supercuts (/wiki/Supercuts) T Toni & Guy (/wiki/Toni_%26_Guy) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hairdressing_salon_chains&oldid=923635424 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Hairdressing_salon_chains&oldid=923635424) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Hair salons (/wiki/Category:Hair_salons) Franchises (/wiki/Category:Franchises)
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British fashion designer Ray Petri Born 16 September 1948 Dundee, Scotland (/wiki/Dundee,_Scotland) Died August 1989 (aged 40) London Label Buffalo Ray Petri (16 September 1948 – August 1989) [1] (#cite_note-buffalosoldier-1) was a fashion stylist (/wiki/Fashion_stylist) and creator of the fashion house (/wiki/Fashion_house_(disambiguation)) Buffalo. Born Ray Petrie in Dundee, Scotland (/wiki/Dundee,_Scotland) , Petri moved to Brisbane, Australia (/wiki/Brisbane,_Australia) with his family at age 15. In 1969, feeling Australia was too provincial, he moved to London where he ran a jewellery booth at the Camden Street (/wiki/Camden_Town) antiques market. He loved reggae and styled Freddie McGregor. [1] (#cite_note-buffalosoldier-1) [2] (#cite_note-guardian-2) Between 1983 and 1989, Petri worked as a freelance with style magazines The Face (/wiki/The_Face_(magazine)) , i-D (/wiki/I-D) and Arena (/wiki/Arena_(magazine)) . He collaborated with stylist Mitzi Lorenz and photographers Jamie Morgan (/wiki/Jamie_Morgan_(musician)) , Martin Brading, Roger Charity, Marc Lebon and Norman Watson to evolve the Buffalo Boy series of fashion spreads. [3] (#cite_note-jobling-3) During his career, he also worked with designers Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) and Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Petri's death, in August 1989 at the age of 40, was AIDS (/wiki/AIDS) -related. [5] (#cite_note-5) Further reading [ edit ] Lorenz, Mitzi (2000). Buffalo: The Life and Style of Ray Petri . powerHouse Books (/wiki/PowerHouse_Books) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781576870914 . References [ edit ] ^ a b Limnander, Aramand (11 March 2007). "Buffalo Soldier" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/11/style/tmagazine/11tpetri.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-guardian_2-0) Flett, Kathryn (17 September 2000). "The man who dressed a decade" (https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2000/sep/17/features.magazine37) . The Guardian . London. ^ (#cite_ref-jobling_3-0) Jobling, Paul (1999). Fashion Spreads: Word and Image in Fashion Photography since 1980 . Barnes & Noble. p. 38. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-85973-228-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) McAssey, Jacqueline; Buckley, Clare (2011). Basics Fashion Design 08: Styling . A&C Black. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-940411-39-9 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Lynge-Jorlen, Ane (6 August 2020). Fashion Stylists: History, Meaning and Practice . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-350-11507-1 . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/448929/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000019117269) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/42719360) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbWCjtHYYwRhHthcYtdwC) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/122416627) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n00012520) This Scottish biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ray_Petri&action=edit) . v t e This biographical article related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American model, brand representative, and motivational speaker Grace Elizabeth Strobel Born ( 1996-06-28 ) June 28, 1996 (age 27) Irvine, California, U.S.A. Occupation(s) Model, Brand Representative, Speaker Years active 2017–present Agent(s) Naturally Fit Agency, Zebedee Talent, Gamut Management Known for Down Syndrome Model and Youth Outreach Speaker Awards Women of Achievement (for Youth Outreach), 2021; Watson Family Achievement Award, Pujols Family Foundation, 2022 Grace Elizabeth Strobel (born 28 June 1996) is a St. Louis (/wiki/St._Louis) -based model, brand representative, and motivational speaker (/wiki/Motivational_speaker) . She is the first American with Down syndrome (/wiki/Down_syndrome) to represent a major international skincare line. [1] (#cite_note-1) She is an advocate for people with disabilities "whose mission is to change society's view and perception of people with disabilities". [2] (#cite_note-2) Early life [ edit ] Grace was diagnosed at birth with Down syndrome, a genetic disorder featuring an extra chromosome that results in developmental and intellectual delays. Her parents, Linda and Jeff Strobel, were told their daughter would face a lifetime of challenges and likely never read or write. The Strobels determined those predictions would not stop Grace from achieving everything she wanted in life, and embarked on a journey of therapeutic exercises, home schooling, and eventually, public school. Despite all the challenges, Strobel was determined. "Doctors told my mom and dad that I would not achieve much … that I would never even tie my own shoes," she said. "I'm here today to tell you they were wrong." [3] (#cite_note-3) Modeling [ edit ] Her interest in modeling began when she was conducting research for #TheGraceEffect, a presentation about living with disability that she gives to students. She discovered Madeline Stuart (/wiki/Madeline_Stuart) and Ellie Goldstein (/wiki/Ellie_Goldstein) , also models with Down syndrome, which inspired Strobel to wonder if she too could become a model. [4] (#cite_note-4) After a viral post, Strobel was featured on the cover of Chesterfield Lifestyle Magazine in February 2019. [5] (#cite_note-5) In October 2020, Grace was named Obagi's Skinclusion Ambassador [6] (#cite_note-6) and recently signed for her third year of contract representation. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Obagi Announces Partnership with Down Syndrome Advocate, Grace Strobel, as new SKINCLUSION Ambassador and Face of New Obagi Clinical Cleanser" (https://apnews.com/press-release/pr-newswire/lifestyle-down-syndrome-health-international-relations-skin-care-102a4eab62c128bddbf780b422ce2b80) . AP News. 1 October 2020 . Retrieved 15 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Communications, NYU Web. "Episode 57: Grace Strobel, Down Syndrome Advocate, Speaker, and Model" (http://www.nyu.edu/content/nyu/en/life/safety-health-wellness/campus-safety/you-matter--podcast/episodes/episode-57--grace-strobel--down-syndrome-advocate) . www.nyu.edu . Retrieved 2023-11-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Grace Strobel Pushing Boundaries" (https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/down-syndrome-advocate-grace-strobel-on-pushing-boundaries-201717691.html) . Yahoo!Life. 21 March 2022 . Retrieved 15 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Norlian, Allison (10 August 2020). "At 24, This Model With Down Syndrome Has Appeared On The TODAY Show And Signed With Three Different Agencies. She Says She's Just Getting Started" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/allisonnorlian/2020/08/10/at-24-this-model-with-down-syndrome-has-appeared-on-the-today-show-and-signed-with-three-different-agencies-she-says-shes-just-getting-started/) . Forbes . Retrieved 4 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Brown Patton, Julie. "Modeling True Acceptance, Forgiveness and Love" (https://citylifestyle.com/saint-louis-mo/articles/health-and-wellness/modeling-true-acceptance-forgiveness-and-love) . No. February 2019. Chesterfield City Lifestyle, St. Louis City Lifestyle . Retrieved 15 April 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Mitchell, Delia (1 October 2020). "Obagi Names Grace Strobel New Brand Ambassador" (https://cew.org/beauty_news/obaji-names-grace-strobel-new-brand-ambassador/) . Cosmetic Executive Women . Retrieved 4 November 2023 . 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1977 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1977) 1978 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1978) 1979 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1979) 1980 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1980) 1981 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1981) 1982 1983 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1983) 1984 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1984) 1985 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1985) 1986 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1986) 1987 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1987) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5fdc497c9b‐pkbkg Cached time: 20240718024537 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.095 seconds Real time usage: 0.475 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1906/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3073/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.075/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 933498/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 466.728 1 Template:Navseasoncats 100.00% 466.728 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:53388361-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718024537 and revision id 974953294. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Clothing companies established in 1982" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Andrew Marc (/wiki/Andrew_Marc) B BCBG Max Azria (/wiki/BCBG_Max_Azria) C Callaway Golf Company (/wiki/Callaway_Golf_Company) Columbia Montrail (/wiki/Columbia_Montrail) K Kenneth Cole Productions (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_Productions) M More & More (/wiki/More_%26_More) P Pandora (jewelry) (/wiki/Pandora_(jewelry)) S Luciano Soprani (/wiki/Luciano_Soprani) Stone Island (/wiki/Stone_Island) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1982&oldid=974953294 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1982&oldid=974953294) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1980s fashion (/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion) Clothing companies by year of establishment (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_by_year_of_establishment) Design companies established in 1982 (/wiki/Category:Design_companies_established_in_1982) Manufacturing companies established in 1982 (/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_companies_established_in_1982) Clothing companies established in the 20th century (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_the_20th_century)
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< User talk:Kawaiiconic (/wiki/User_talk:Kawaiiconic) Japan (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan) NA‑class Japan portal (/wiki/Portal:Japan) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Japan (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Japan (/wiki/Japan) -related articles on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Japan) , please visit the project page (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan) , where you can join the project, participate in relevant discussions (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Japan) , and see lists of open tasks (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan#To-do_items) . 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Pages for Deletion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/Japan) : Participate in Japan-related deletion discussions. Improve and expand (/wiki/Category:Japan_stubs) Japan-related stubs. Create some requested articles (/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Japan) . Help translate (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation/*/Lang/ja) an article from the Japanese Wikipedia (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/) into English. Assess (/wiki/Category:Unassessed_Japan-related_articles) unassessed articles Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) NA‑class Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. Biography (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography) : Musicians (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians) NA‑class Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Biography (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography) , a collaborative effort to create, develop and organize Wikipedia's articles about people. All interested editors are invited to join the project (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Members) and contribute to the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Biography) . For instructions on how to use this banner, please refer to the documentation (/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Biography/doc) . Biography Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography Template:WikiProject Biography biography articles NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_biography_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. This page is supported by WikiProject Musicians (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians) . Sweden (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sweden) NA‑class Sweden portal (/wiki/Portal:Sweden) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Sweden (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sweden) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Sweden (/wiki/Sweden) -related articles on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Sweden) and see a list of open tasks. Sweden Wikipedia:WikiProject Sweden Template:WikiProject Sweden Sweden articles NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_Sweden_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. REDIRECT Draft talk:Alison Jessica Jones (/wiki/Draft_talk:Alison_Jessica_Jones) This talk page is a redirect (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) . The following categories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_redirects) are used to track and monitor this redirect: From a page move (/wiki/Category:Redirects_from_moves) : This is a redirect from a page that has been moved (renamed). This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name. When appropriate, protection levels (/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy) are automatically sensed, described and categorized. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7cd59cdcfb‐495b4 Cached time: 20240718020454 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.019 seconds CPU time usage: 0.219 seconds Real time usage: 0.430 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2312/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 31652/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2060/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 15/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 23544/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.131/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2567438/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 263.604 1 -total 76.05% 200.471 1 Template:WikiProject_Japan 9.90% 26.092 1 Template:WikiProject_Biography 5.50% 14.486 1 Template:Redirect_category_shell 4.88% 12.853 1 Template:Mbox 4.54% 11.972 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 3.89% 10.252 1 Template:WikiProject_Sweden 2.74% 7.231 8 Template:Pagetype 2.62% 6.910 1 Template:Japan_current_era_date 2.50% 6.596 1 Template:R_from_move Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:76262875-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718020454 and revision id 1212452594. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Kawaiiconic/sandbox&oldid=1212452594 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Kawaiiconic/sandbox&oldid=1212452594) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : NA-Class Japan-related articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_Japan-related_articles) NA-importance Japan-related articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_Japan-related_articles) WikiProject Japan articles (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Japan_articles) NA-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) NA-Class biography articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_biography_articles) NA-Class biography (musicians) articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_biography_(musicians)_articles) NA-importance biography (musicians) articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_biography_(musicians)_articles) Musicians work group articles (/wiki/Category:Musicians_work_group_articles) NA-Class Sweden articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_Sweden_articles) NA-importance Sweden articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_Sweden_articles) All WikiProject Sweden pages (/wiki/Category:All_WikiProject_Sweden_pages) Hidden categories: WikiProject banners without banner shells (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_banners_without_banner_shells) Redirects from moves (/wiki/Category:Redirects_from_moves)
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Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This is a container category (/wiki/Category:Container_categories) . Due to its scope, it should contain only subcategories (/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Subcategorization) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐57d74c944b‐lhp8n Cached time: 20240720074009 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.078 seconds Real time usage: 0.101 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 67/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 2964/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 107/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3351/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.047/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 935755/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 84.500 1 -total 55.22% 46.664 1 Template:Portal 44.49% 37.594 1 Template:Container_category 36.73% 31.033 1 Template:Cmbox 4.93% 4.166 1 Template:Single_namespace 2.33% 1.966 1 Template:Category_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:69565293-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720074009 and revision id 1061434216. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has only the following subcategory. W Female models from Western Australia (/wiki/Category:Female_models_from_Western_Australia) (14 P) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Australian_female_models_by_state_or_territory&oldid=1061434216 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Australian_female_models_by_state_or_territory&oldid=1061434216) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Australian female models (/wiki/Category:Australian_female_models) Australian models by state or territory (/wiki/Category:Australian_models_by_state_or_territory) Hidden category: Container categories (/wiki/Category:Container_categories)
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< User:Certes (/wiki/User:Certes) | Reports (/wiki/User:Certes/Reports) The first 500 portals with their images Update the table now (https://sdzerobot.toolforge.org/database-report?page=User:Certes/Reports/Portals) This table is generated by querying the database replica (https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Toolforge/Database) by a bot (/wiki/User:SDZeroBot) . Edits made within the table area will be removed on the next update! Portal 1920s portal (/wiki/Portal:1920s) 1950s portal (/wiki/Portal:1950s) 1960s portal (/wiki/Portal:1960s) 1970s portal (/wiki/Portal:1970s) 1980s portal (/wiki/Portal:1980s) 1990s portal (/wiki/Portal:1990s) 2000s portal (/wiki/Portal:2000s) 2010s portal (/wiki/Portal:2010s) 20th Century Studios portal (/wiki/Portal:20th_Century_Studios) Abkhazia portal (/wiki/Portal:Abkhazia) Afghanistan portal (/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan) Africa portal (/wiki/Portal:Africa) African Americans portal (/wiki/Portal:African_Americans) African cinema portal (/wiki/Portal:African_cinema) Agriculture portal (/wiki/Portal:Agriculture) Alabama portal (/wiki/Portal:Alabama) Alaska portal (/wiki/Portal:Alaska) Algae portal (/wiki/Portal:Algae) Algeria portal (/wiki/Portal:Algeria) Alpine Rhine portal (/wiki/Portal:Alpine_Rhine) Alps portal (/wiki/Portal:Alps) American Civil War portal (/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War) American football portal (/wiki/Portal:American_football) Amiga portal (/wiki/Portal:Amiga) Amphibians portal (/wiki/Portal:Amphibians) Amphibians and reptiles portal (/wiki/Portal:Amphibians_and_reptiles) Anarchism portal (/wiki/Portal:Anarchism) Anatomy portal (/wiki/Portal:Anatomy) Ancient Egypt portal (/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt) Ancient Greece portal (/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece) Ancient Japan portal (/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Japan) Ancient Rome portal (/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Rome) Andes portal (/wiki/Portal:Andes) Andorra portal (/wiki/Portal:Andorra) Anglo-Saxon England portal (/wiki/Portal:Anglo-Saxon_England) Animals portal (/wiki/Portal:Animals) Animation portal (/wiki/Portal:Animation) Anime and manga portal (/wiki/Portal:Anime_and_manga) Appalachia portal (/wiki/Portal:Appalachia) Architecture portal (/wiki/Portal:Architecture) Argentina portal (/wiki/Portal:Argentina) Arithmetic portal (/wiki/Portal:Arithmetic) Arizona portal (/wiki/Portal:Arizona) Arkansas portal (/wiki/Portal:Arkansas) Arthropods portal (/wiki/Portal:Arthropods) Asia portal (/wiki/Portal:Asia) Association football portal (/wiki/Portal:Association_football) Astronomy portal (/wiki/Portal:Astronomy) Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) Australian roads portal (/wiki/Portal:Australian_roads) Austria portal (/wiki/Portal:Austria) Aviation portal (/wiki/Portal:Aviation) Azerbaijan portal (/wiki/Portal:Azerbaijan) BBC portal (/wiki/Portal:BBC) Bahrain portal (/wiki/Portal:Bahrain) Baltimore portal (/wiki/Portal:Baltimore) Bangalore portal (/wiki/Portal:Bangalore) Bangladesh portal (/wiki/Portal:Bangladesh) Banks portal (/wiki/Portal:Banks) Baseball portal (/wiki/Portal:Baseball) Basketball portal (/wiki/Portal:Basketball) Bavaria portal (/wiki/Portal:Bavaria) Beer portal (/wiki/Portal:Beer) Belarus portal (/wiki/Portal:Belarus) Belgium portal (/wiki/Portal:Belgium) Belize portal (/wiki/Portal:Belize) Berkshire portal (/wiki/Portal:Berkshire) Berlin portal (/wiki/Portal:Berlin) Bible portal (/wiki/Portal:Bible) Billy Murray (singer) portal (/wiki/Portal:Billy_Murray_(singer)) Biography portal (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Biology portal (/wiki/Portal:Biology) Birds portal (/wiki/Portal:Birds) Blues portal (/wiki/Portal:Blues) Bolivia portal (/wiki/Portal:Bolivia) Books portal (/wiki/Portal:Books) Bosnia and Herzegovina portal (/wiki/Portal:Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) Botswana portal (/wiki/Portal:Botswana) Brazil portal (/wiki/Portal:Brazil) British Empire portal (/wiki/Portal:British_Empire) Buddhism portal (/wiki/Portal:Buddhism) Bulgaria portal (/wiki/Portal:Bulgaria) Burundi portal (/wiki/Portal:Burundi) Buses portal (/wiki/Portal:Buses) Business portal (/wiki/Portal:Business) Byzantine Empire portal (/wiki/Portal:Byzantine_Empire) COVID-19 portal (/wiki/Portal:COVID-19) California portal (/wiki/Portal:California) California roads portal (/wiki/Portal:California_roads) Cambodia portal (/wiki/Portal:Cambodia) Cameroon portal (/wiki/Portal:Cameroon) Canada portal (/wiki/Portal:Canada) Cannabis portal (/wiki/Portal:Cannabis) Capitalism portal (/wiki/Portal:Capitalism) Caribbean portal (/wiki/Portal:Caribbean) Cars portal (/wiki/Portal:Cars) Cartoon portal (/wiki/Portal:Cartoon) Cartoon Network portal (/wiki/Portal:Cartoon_Network) Catholic Church portal (/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church) Cats portal (/wiki/Portal:Cats) Celts portal (/wiki/Portal:Celts) Central African Republic portal (/wiki/Portal:Central_African_Republic) Central America portal (/wiki/Portal:Central_America) Cetaceans portal (/wiki/Portal:Cetaceans) Chemistry portal (/wiki/Portal:Chemistry) Cheshire portal (/wiki/Portal:Cheshire) Chess portal (/wiki/Portal:Chess) Chicago portal (/wiki/Portal:Chicago) Children's literature portal (/wiki/Portal:Children%27s_literature) Chile portal (/wiki/Portal:Chile) China portal (/wiki/Portal:China) Christianity portal (/wiki/Portal:Christianity) Cities portal (/wiki/Portal:Cities) Civil rights movement portal (/wiki/Portal:Civil_rights_movement) Civilizations portal (/wiki/Portal:Civilizations) Clans of Scotland portal (/wiki/Portal:Clans_of_Scotland) Classical music portal (/wiki/Portal:Classical_music) Climate change portal (/wiki/Portal:Climate_change) Climbing portal (/wiki/Portal:Climbing) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Coffee portal (/wiki/Portal:Coffee) College football portal (/wiki/Portal:College_football) Colombia portal (/wiki/Portal:Colombia) Colorado portal (/wiki/Portal:Colorado) Comedy portal (/wiki/Portal:Comedy) Comics portal (/wiki/Portal:Comics) Communism portal (/wiki/Portal:Communism) Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Computer programming portal (/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming) Connecticut portal (/wiki/Portal:Connecticut) Conservatism portal (/wiki/Portal:Conservatism) Constructed languages portal (/wiki/Portal:Constructed_languages) Cornwall portal (/wiki/Portal:Cornwall) Costa Rica portal (/wiki/Portal:Costa_Rica) Countries portal (/wiki/Portal:Countries) County Kilkenny portal (/wiki/Portal:County_Kilkenny) Cricket portal (/wiki/Portal:Cricket) Croatia portal (/wiki/Portal:Croatia) Crustaceans portal (/wiki/Portal:Crustaceans) Cuba portal (/wiki/Portal:Cuba) Cue sports portal (/wiki/Portal:Cue_sports) Cumbria portal (/wiki/Portal:Cumbria) Current events portal (/wiki/Portal:Current_events) Cyprus portal (/wiki/Portal:Cyprus) Czech Republic portal (/wiki/Portal:Czech_Republic) Delaware portal (/wiki/Portal:Delaware) Democratic Republic of the Congo portal (/wiki/Portal:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo) Denmark portal (/wiki/Portal:Denmark) Derbyshire portal (/wiki/Portal:Derbyshire) Devon portal (/wiki/Portal:Devon) Devonian portal (/wiki/Portal:Devonian) Dinosaurs portal (/wiki/Portal:Dinosaurs) Disney portal (/wiki/Portal:Disney) Doctor Who portal (/wiki/Portal:Doctor_Who) Dogs portal (/wiki/Portal:Dogs) Dominican Republic portal (/wiki/Portal:Dominican_Republic) Drink portal (/wiki/Portal:Drink) Dungeons & Dragons portal (/wiki/Portal:Dungeons_%26_Dragons) Earth sciences portal (/wiki/Portal:Earth_sciences) East Germany portal (/wiki/Portal:East_Germany) East Sussex portal (/wiki/Portal:East_Sussex) East Timor portal (/wiki/Portal:East_Timor) Ecology portal (/wiki/Portal:Ecology) Ecuador portal (/wiki/Portal:Ecuador) Edinburgh portal (/wiki/Portal:Edinburgh) Egypt portal (/wiki/Portal:Egypt) El Salvador portal (/wiki/Portal:El_Salvador) Electronics portal (/wiki/Portal:Electronics) Energy portal (/wiki/Portal:Energy) Engineering portal (/wiki/Portal:Engineering) England portal (/wiki/Portal:England) English football portal (/wiki/Portal:English_football) Environment portal (/wiki/Portal:Environment) Eritrea portal (/wiki/Portal:Eritrea) Erotica and pornography portal (/wiki/Portal:Erotica_and_pornography) Estonia portal (/wiki/Portal:Estonia) Ethiopia portal (/wiki/Portal:Ethiopia) Europe portal (/wiki/Portal:Europe) European Union portal (/wiki/Portal:European_Union) Eurovision Song Contest portal (/wiki/Portal:Eurovision_Song_Contest) Evangelical Christianity portal (/wiki/Portal:Evangelical_Christianity) Evolutionary biology portal (/wiki/Portal:Evolutionary_biology) Example portal (/wiki/Portal:Example) Faroe Islands portal (/wiki/Portal:Faroe_Islands) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Fatimid Caliphate portal (/wiki/Portal:Fatimid_Caliphate) Feminism portal (/wiki/Portal:Feminism) Film portal (/wiki/Portal:Film) Finland portal (/wiki/Portal:Finland) Fish portal (/wiki/Portal:Fish) Florida portal (/wiki/Portal:Florida) Food portal (/wiki/Portal:Food) Football portal (/wiki/Portal:Football) Football in Africa portal (/wiki/Portal:Football_in_Africa) Formula One portal (/wiki/Portal:Formula_One) France portal (/wiki/Portal:France) Free and open-source software portal (/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software) Freedom of speech portal (/wiki/Portal:Freedom_of_speech) Frogs portal (/wiki/Portal:Frogs) Fungi portal (/wiki/Portal:Fungi) Games portal (/wiki/Portal:Games) Gardening portal (/wiki/Portal:Gardening) Gastropods portal (/wiki/Portal:Gastropods) Genocide portal (/wiki/Portal:Genocide) Geodesy portal (/wiki/Portal:Geodesy) Geography portal (/wiki/Portal:Geography) Geology portal (/wiki/Portal:Geology) Geophysics portal (/wiki/Portal:Geophysics) Georgia portal (/wiki/Portal:Georgia) Georgia (U.S. state) portal (/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(U.S._state)) Georgia (country) portal (/wiki/Portal:Georgia_(country)) Germany portal (/wiki/Portal:Germany) Gibraltar portal (/wiki/Portal:Gibraltar) Go (game) portal (/wiki/Portal:Go_(game)) Greater Los Angeles portal (/wiki/Portal:Greater_Los_Angeles) Greater Manchester portal (/wiki/Portal:Greater_Manchester) Greece portal (/wiki/Portal:Greece) Guatemala portal (/wiki/Portal:Guatemala) Guinea portal (/wiki/Portal:Guinea) Guyana portal (/wiki/Portal:Guyana) Haiti portal (/wiki/Portal:Haiti) Hamburg portal (/wiki/Portal:Hamburg) Hampshire portal (/wiki/Portal:Hampshire) Harz portal (/wiki/Portal:Harz) Hawaii portal (/wiki/Portal:Hawaii) Heraldry portal (/wiki/Portal:Heraldry) Hindi cinema portal (/wiki/Portal:Hindi_cinema) Hinduism portal (/wiki/Portal:Hinduism) Hispanic and Latino Americans portal (/wiki/Portal:Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans) History portal (/wiki/Portal:History) History of science portal (/wiki/Portal:History_of_science) Holidays portal (/wiki/Portal:Holidays) Holy Roman Empire portal (/wiki/Portal:Holy_Roman_Empire) Honduras portal (/wiki/Portal:Honduras) Hong Kong portal (/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong) Horses portal (/wiki/Portal:Horses) Hotels portal (/wiki/Portal:Hotels) Housing portal (/wiki/Portal:Housing) Hudson Valley portal (/wiki/Portal:Hudson_Valley) Human sexuality portal (/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality) Human–computer interaction portal (/wiki/Portal:Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction) Hungary portal (/wiki/Portal:Hungary) Hyderabad portal (/wiki/Portal:Hyderabad) Ice hockey portal (/wiki/Portal:Ice_hockey) Iceland portal (/wiki/Portal:Iceland) Idaho portal (/wiki/Portal:Idaho) Illinois portal (/wiki/Portal:Illinois) India portal (/wiki/Portal:India) Indiana portal (/wiki/Portal:Indiana) Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal (/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas) Indonesia portal (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) Insects portal (/wiki/Portal:Insects) Internet portal (/wiki/Portal:Internet) Iowa portal (/wiki/Portal:Iowa) Iran portal (/wiki/Portal:Iran) Iraq portal (/wiki/Portal:Iraq) Ireland portal (/wiki/Portal:Ireland) Islam portal (/wiki/Portal:Islam) Islands portal (/wiki/Portal:Islands) Israel portal (/wiki/Portal:Israel) Italy portal (/wiki/Portal:Italy) Jakarta portal (/wiki/Portal:Jakarta) Jamaica portal (/wiki/Portal:Jamaica) Japan portal (/wiki/Portal:Japan) Jazz portal (/wiki/Portal:Jazz) Jordan portal (/wiki/Portal:Jordan) Journalism portal (/wiki/Portal:Journalism) Judaism portal (/wiki/Portal:Judaism) Kansas portal (/wiki/Portal:Kansas) Kashmir portal (/wiki/Portal:Kashmir) Kent portal (/wiki/Portal:Kent) Kentucky portal (/wiki/Portal:Kentucky) Kenya portal (/wiki/Portal:Kenya) Korea portal (/wiki/Portal:Korea) Kurdistan portal (/wiki/Portal:Kurdistan) Kuwait portal (/wiki/Portal:Kuwait) LGBT portal (/wiki/Portal:LGBT) Lagomorpha portal (/wiki/Portal:Lagomorpha) Lagos State portal (/wiki/Portal:Lagos_State) Lakes portal (/wiki/Portal:Lakes) Lancashire portal (/wiki/Portal:Lancashire) Language portal (/wiki/Portal:Language) Laos portal (/wiki/Portal:Laos) Latin America portal (/wiki/Portal:Latin_America) Latin music portal (/wiki/Portal:Latin_music) Latter Day Saint movement portal (/wiki/Portal:Latter_Day_Saint_movement) Latvia portal (/wiki/Portal:Latvia) Law portal (/wiki/Portal:Law) Lebanon portal (/wiki/Portal:Lebanon) Liberalism portal (/wiki/Portal:Liberalism) Liberia portal (/wiki/Portal:Liberia) Libertarianism portal (/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism) Libya portal (/wiki/Portal:Libya) Linguistics portal (/wiki/Portal:Linguistics) Linux portal (/wiki/Portal:Linux) Liquor portal (/wiki/Portal:Liquor) Literature portal (/wiki/Portal:Literature) Lithuania portal (/wiki/Portal:Lithuania) London portal (/wiki/Portal:London) London transport portal (/wiki/Portal:London_transport) Louisiana portal (/wiki/Portal:Louisiana) Luxembourg portal (/wiki/Portal:Luxembourg) Madagascar portal (/wiki/Portal:Madagascar) Maine portal (/wiki/Portal:Maine) Malawi portal (/wiki/Portal:Malawi) Malaysia portal (/wiki/Portal:Malaysia) Maldives portal (/wiki/Portal:Maldives) Mali portal (/wiki/Portal:Mali) Malta portal (/wiki/Portal:Malta) Mammals portal (/wiki/Portal:Mammals) Maps portal (/wiki/Portal:Maps) Marine life portal (/wiki/Portal:Marine_life) Martial arts portal (/wiki/Portal:Martial_arts) Maryland portal (/wiki/Portal:Maryland) Maryland roads portal (/wiki/Portal:Maryland_roads) Massachusetts portal (/wiki/Portal:Massachusetts) Mathematics portal (/wiki/Portal:Mathematics) Mauritania portal (/wiki/Portal:Mauritania) Mecklenburg-Vorpommern portal (/wiki/Portal:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Medicine portal (/wiki/Portal:Medicine) Mesoamerica portal (/wiki/Portal:Mesoamerica) Mexico portal (/wiki/Portal:Mexico) Michigan portal (/wiki/Portal:Michigan) Michigan highways portal (/wiki/Portal:Michigan_highways) Middle Ages portal (/wiki/Portal:Middle_Ages) Military history of Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Military_history_of_Australia) Minerals portal (/wiki/Portal:Minerals) Minnesota portal (/wiki/Portal:Minnesota) Mississippi portal (/wiki/Portal:Mississippi) Missouri portal (/wiki/Portal:Missouri) Modern history portal (/wiki/Portal:Modern_history) Moldova portal (/wiki/Portal:Moldova) Monaco portal (/wiki/Portal:Monaco) Monarchy portal (/wiki/Portal:Monarchy) Money portal (/wiki/Portal:Money) Montana portal (/wiki/Portal:Montana) Monterey Bay Area portal (/wiki/Portal:Monterey_Bay_Area) Morocco portal (/wiki/Portal:Morocco) Mountains portal (/wiki/Portal:Mountains) Museums portal (/wiki/Portal:Museums) Music portal (/wiki/Portal:Music) Myanmar portal (/wiki/Portal:Myanmar) Myths portal (/wiki/Portal:Myths) National Register of Historic Places portal (/wiki/Portal:National_Register_of_Historic_Places) Nebraska portal (/wiki/Portal:Nebraska) Nepal portal (/wiki/Portal:Nepal) Netherlands portal (/wiki/Portal:Netherlands) Nevada portal (/wiki/Portal:Nevada) New England portal (/wiki/Portal:New_England) New Guinea portal (/wiki/Portal:New_Guinea) New Hampshire portal (/wiki/Portal:New_Hampshire) New Jersey portal (/wiki/Portal:New_Jersey) New Mexico portal (/wiki/Portal:New_Mexico) New South Wales portal (/wiki/Portal:New_South_Wales) New York portal (/wiki/Portal:New_York) New York (state) portal (/wiki/Portal:New_York_(state)) New York City portal (/wiki/Portal:New_York_City) New Zealand portal (/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand) Nicaragua portal (/wiki/Portal:Nicaragua) Nigeria portal (/wiki/Portal:Nigeria) North America portal (/wiki/Portal:North_America) North Carolina portal (/wiki/Portal:North_Carolina) North Dakota portal (/wiki/Portal:North_Dakota) North East England portal (/wiki/Portal:North_East_England) North Korea portal (/wiki/Portal:North_Korea) North Macedonia portal (/wiki/Portal:North_Macedonia) North West England portal (/wiki/Portal:North_West_England) Northern Ireland portal (/wiki/Portal:Northern_Ireland) Norway portal (/wiki/Portal:Norway) Novels portal (/wiki/Portal:Novels) Nuclear technology portal (/wiki/Portal:Nuclear_technology) Nudity portal (/wiki/Portal:Nudity) Numismatics portal (/wiki/Portal:Numismatics) Oceania portal (/wiki/Portal:Oceania) Oceans portal (/wiki/Portal:Oceans) Ohio portal (/wiki/Portal:Ohio) Oklahoma portal (/wiki/Portal:Oklahoma) Olympic Games portal (/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games) Oman portal (/wiki/Portal:Oman) Ontario portal (/wiki/Portal:Ontario) Opera portal (/wiki/Portal:Opera) Ore Mountains portal (/wiki/Portal:Ore_Mountains) Oregon portal (/wiki/Portal:Oregon) Organized Labour portal (/wiki/Portal:Organized_Labour) Outer space portal (/wiki/Portal:Outer_space) Oxfordshire portal (/wiki/Portal:Oxfordshire) Pacific Northwest portal (/wiki/Portal:Pacific_Northwest) Painting portal (/wiki/Portal:Painting) Pakistan portal (/wiki/Portal:Pakistan) Paleontology portal (/wiki/Portal:Paleontology) Palestine portal (/wiki/Portal:Palestine) Pan-Africanism portal (/wiki/Portal:Pan-Africanism) Panama portal (/wiki/Portal:Panama) Pandemics portal (/wiki/Portal:Pandemics) Paraguay portal (/wiki/Portal:Paraguay) Pennsylvania portal (/wiki/Portal:Pennsylvania) Peru portal (/wiki/Portal:Peru) Philadelphia portal (/wiki/Portal:Philadelphia) Philately portal (/wiki/Portal:Philately) Philippines portal (/wiki/Portal:Philippines) Philosophy portal (/wiki/Portal:Philosophy) Phoenicia portal (/wiki/Portal:Phoenicia) Physics portal (/wiki/Portal:Physics) Piracy portal (/wiki/Portal:Piracy) Plants portal (/wiki/Portal:Plants) Poetry portal (/wiki/Portal:Poetry) Poland portal (/wiki/Portal:Poland) Politics portal (/wiki/Portal:Politics) Pop music portal (/wiki/Portal:Pop_music) Portugal portal (/wiki/Portal:Portugal) Primates portal (/wiki/Portal:Primates) Prostitution portal (/wiki/Portal:Prostitution) Psychiatry portal (/wiki/Portal:Psychiatry) Psychology portal (/wiki/Portal:Psychology) Puerto Rico portal (/wiki/Portal:Puerto_Rico) Punjab portal (/wiki/Portal:Punjab) Queensland portal (/wiki/Portal:Queensland) Radio portal (/wiki/Portal:Radio) Record production portal (/wiki/Portal:Record_production) Reformed Christianity portal (/wiki/Portal:Reformed_Christianity) Religion portal (/wiki/Portal:Religion) Renewable energy portal (/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy) Reptiles portal (/wiki/Portal:Reptiles) Republic of the Congo portal (/wiki/Portal:Republic_of_the_Congo) Rhode Island portal (/wiki/Portal:Rhode_Island) Rhythm and blues portal (/wiki/Portal:Rhythm_and_blues) Rivers portal (/wiki/Portal:Rivers) Roads portal (/wiki/Portal:Roads) Rock music portal (/wiki/Portal:Rock_music) Rocketry portal (/wiki/Portal:Rocketry) Romania portal (/wiki/Portal:Romania) Russia portal (/wiki/Portal:Russia) Saints portal 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American brand of swimwear Cole of California is a swimwear (/wiki/Swimwear) brand, known for innovations in fashionable swimwear. Early history and swimwear [ edit ] Established in 1917 by F.L and Joseph Drane in Vernon, California (/wiki/Vernon,_California) , West Coast Knitting Mills made men's long knitted underwear and socks, quickly becoming the largest knitting mill in the western United States. Apparel manufacturer Morris Cohn (/w/index.php?title=Morris_Cohn&action=edit&redlink=1) obtained an interest in the company in the early 1920s. Cohn's son Fred Cole (/wiki/Fred_Cole_(businessman)) was attracted to the family business after a time as a silent movie actor, having changed his name to the more marketable Cole and incurred his family's disapproval over his first choice of career. [1] (#cite_note-nytcoleobit-1) Cole brought his Hollywood experience, and persuaded his family to start a line of women's swimwear. Competing with Catalina Swimwear (/wiki/Catalina_Swimwear) and Jantzen (/wiki/Jantzen) , Cole in 1925 introduced the sleeveless "Hollywood Swimsuit" with a low back and neckline and a short skirt. Also called a “Prohibition suit”, the new, colorful suit incorporated elastic to hug the body. By the standards of the time, in which swimsuits had sleeves and knee-length legs, the Hollywood Suit was risqué, and immediately popular. [1] (#cite_note-nytcoleobit-1) [2] (#cite_note-laa1-2) Popular success [ edit ] In 1936 Cole hired Margit Felligi (/wiki/Margit_Felligi) , a Hollywood costume designer, as head of design. The same year, Cole began using cotton as the primary suit material, an innovation for the time, when most suits were made of wool. Cole also popularized white suits, considered daring because they were perceived as potentially transparent. Designer Felligi introduced new designs, such as the "Swoon Suit," which brought additional popularity. Morris Cohn died in 1941, and Cole, inheriting control of the firm, changed the name of the firm to Cole of California. During World War II the company made parachutes, resuming full swimwear production after the end of the war. Cole engaged swimmer and actress Esther Williams (/wiki/Esther_Williams) as a spokesperson to wear Cole products from 1948 to 1952. The firm continued to introduce new styles, including overskirts, tank suits, deeply-cut backs and other innovations. Cole briefly partnered with Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) in Dior's only venture into swimwear. [3] (#cite_note-apodaca2007-3) Fred Cole's daughter Anne Cole (/wiki/Anne_Cole) joined the firm in the 1950s and introduced her own lines, eventually spinning off her own company, [2] (#cite_note-laa1-2) which developed the tankini (/wiki/Tankini) in the 1990s. [4] (#cite_note-4) [1] (#cite_note-nytcoleobit-1) Acquisition [ edit ] Cole of California shift dresses (/wiki/Shift_dress) , 1963 Fred Cole sold the firm in 1960 to the Kayser-Roth corporation, [1] (#cite_note-nytcoleobit-1) while Felligi stayed on, along with Anne Cole (/wiki/Anne_Cole) as executive vice president. [5] (#cite_note-hughes_2017-5) The "Scandal Suit" was introduced in 1964 with a deep V-neck infilled with mesh fabric and a deeper back. [2] (#cite_note-laa1-2) It became the first swimsuit to break $1 million in sales, which happened in 1964. [6] (#cite_note-tankiniauto-6) Many of Cole's designs of this era, including the Scandal Suit, are in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum) and other fashion design collections. [7] (#cite_note-metscandal-7) [8] (#cite_note-famsfscandal-8) The firm was again sold in 1993 to Authentic Fitness, which merged Cole with Catalina. Authentic Fitness was acquired by Warnaco (/wiki/Warnaco) , then sold in 2003. The Cole of California and Catalina brands are owned by the InMocean Group. [2] (#cite_note-laa1-2) [9] (#cite_note-inmocean-9) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d "Fred Cole Dead" (https://www.nytimes.com/1964/09/21/fred-cole-dead.html) . New York Times . September 21, 1964 . Retrieved 6 August 2022 . ^ a b c d "Cole of California - Swimwear Pioneer" (https://www.laalmanac.com/economy/ec704.php) . Los Angeles Almanac . ^ (#cite_ref-apodaca2007_3-0) Apodaca, Rose (April 15, 2007). "Legacy of swimwear giant Cole runs deep" (https://www.latimes.com/fashion/alltherage/la-ig-lookback15apr15-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 6 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Singer, Melissa (2017-01-12). "An ode to Anne Cole, inventor of the tankini, the friendliest swimsuit to women" (https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/an-ode-to-anne-cole-inventor-of-the-tankini-the-friendliest-swimsuit-to-women-20170112-gtq3md.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 2022-04-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-hughes_2017_5-0) Hughes, Aria (January 10, 2017). "Anne Cole, Swimsuit Designer Who Invented the Tankini, Dies at 90" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/anne-cole-swimsuit-designer-dies-at-90-tankini-10744569/) . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 6 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-tankiniauto_6-0) "About Anne Cole" (https://annecole.com/pages/about) . Anne Cole . Retrieved 2022-05-16 . ^ (#cite_ref-metscandal_7-0) "Bathing Suit ca 1964" (https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/185327) . Metropolitan Museum of Art . Retrieved 6 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-famsfscandal_8-0) " (https://art.famsf.org/margit-fellegi/scandal-suit-womans-bathing-suit-200926) "Scandal Suit" woman's bathing suit" (https://art.famsf.org/margit-fellegi/scandal-suit-womans-bathing-suit-200926) . Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco . Retrieved 6 August 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-inmocean_9-0) "Cole of California" (https://www.inmocean.com/brands/cole-of-california/) . Inmocean . Retrieved 6 August 2022 . 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Ballerina Skirt [ edit ] Ballerina skirt is a full skirt (/wiki/Skirt) that reaches to mid-calf or just above the ankles (/wiki/Ankle) , worn as a costume in a ballet performance. It is often made up of multiple layers of fabric. [1] (#cite_note-1) It was a popular casual skirt style during the 1950s. Ballerina skirts have been a consistently popular length for formal dresses, especially for young women (/wiki/Women) . The most persistent image of a ballerina skirt is that worn by the most famous ballerina Anna Pavlova (/wiki/Anna_Pavlova) . Early ballerina skirts were heavy, bulky and unwieldy, severely restricting the dancer's movements. By the early twentieth century, skirts were raised to the knees to showcase pointe work. [2] (#cite_note-2) The Ballerina skirt is typically made up of five to 12 layers of tulle fabric. A ballerina skirt typically allows the wearer to seem more beautiful, feminine and elegant, as well as being associated with the traditional costume for classical ballet performances. Different types of the ballerina skirts are used in ballet performance including the romantic, classic, pancake, balanchine and platter skirts. Scene from Les Sylphides (/wiki/Les_Sylphides) History [ edit ] From the early 1550, Roman dress had a strong influence on costume design: silk skirts were voluminous and key details were often exaggerated, that was usually based on everyday wear. During the seventeenth century, silks, satins and other fabrics were embroidered with real gold and precious stones that increased the level of decoration with ballet costumes, however, the heavy garments and supporting structures did not allow the dancers to perform graceful gestures. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) During the early 1700s the panier , a hooped petticoat was just invented that help raised the skirts a few inches off the ground. When the Romantic movement came about, ballet costumes were emphasized to be more tight fitting. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) The romantic tutu came about in Paris in 1832 when Marie Taglioni (/wiki/Marie_Taglioni) premiered in the skirt in the ballet La Sylphide . [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) The skirt is a bell-shaped calf length style; it falls halfway between the knees and ankles and it was made of layers of stiffened tarlatan or starched, sheer cotton muslin that gave the illusion of fullness without being weighty. By 1870 other ballerinas began wearing tutus cut above the knee allowing to show complicated footwork with ruffled underpants attached to the skirt. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) Ballet skirts began to get shorter during the 20 th century. Some ballet skirt had tarlatan layers which help create a flared-from-the body effect. In the 1940s wire hoops were inserted to enable the skirt to stand out from the hips. Tulle soon replace tarlatan making the hoop an option rather than being a necessity. [5] (#cite_note-:2-5) The most common style today is the short skirt which appeared in the late nineteenth century and it is made of different materials ranging from fluffy to thin fabrics. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) See also [ edit ] Sports portal (/wiki/Portal:Sports) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Tutu (/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)) The Australian Ballet-The Tutu (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uef0wVoX3fw&t=159s) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Valerie Cumming, C. W. Cunnington, P. E. Cunnington, The Dictionary of Fashion History , Berg, 2010, p 11 ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion" (http://angelasancartier.net/ballet-costume) . Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion RSS . Retrieved July 10, 2017 . ^ a b Hecht, Thomas. "Ballet Costume". Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion . 1 : 114–116 – via Gale ebooks. ^ a b Wulff, Helena. "Costume for Dance". Berg Encyclopedia of World Dress and Fashion: West Europe : 498–502 – via Berg Fashion Library. ^ a b Looseleaf, Victoria. "The Story of the Tutu" (https://www.dancemagazine.com/the-story-of-the-tutu-2306873745.html) . Dance Magazine . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status) ) External links [ edit ] v t e Historical clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings Body-length (/wiki/Suit) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Banyan (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_(clothing)) Court dress (Empire of Japan) (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Stola (/wiki/Stola) Toga (/wiki/Toga) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bedgown (/wiki/Bedgown) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Peascod belly (/wiki/Peascod_belly) Poet shirt (/wiki/Poet_shirt) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Suea pat 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Outerwear (/wiki/List_of_outerwear) Capote (/wiki/Capote_(garment)) Car coat (/wiki/Car_coat) Caraco (/wiki/Caraco) Cardinal cloak (/wiki/Cardinal_cloak) Chamail (/wiki/Chamail_(clothing)) Chlamys (/wiki/Chlamys) Cloak (/wiki/Cloak) Kinsale cloak (/wiki/Kinsale_cloak) Dolman (/wiki/Dolman) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Duster (/wiki/Duster_(clothing)) Exomis (/wiki/Exomis) Greatcoat (/wiki/Greatcoat) Himation (/wiki/Himation) Houppelande (/wiki/Houppelande) Inverness cape (/wiki/Inverness_cape) Jerkin (/wiki/Jerkin) Kandys (/wiki/Kandys) Mackinaw jacket (/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket) Nadiri (/wiki/Nadiri) Norfolk jacket (/wiki/Norfolk_jacket) Overfrock (/wiki/Over-frock_coat) Pañuelo (/wiki/Pa%C3%B1uelo) Palla (/wiki/Palla_(garment)) Pallium (/wiki/Pallium_(Roman_cloak)) Pelisse (/wiki/Pelisse) Poncho (/wiki/Poncho) Shadbelly (/wiki/Shadbelly) Shawl (/wiki/Shawl) Galway shawl (/wiki/Galway_shawl) Kullu (/wiki/Kullu_shawl) Smock-frock (/wiki/Smock-frock) Spencer (/wiki/Spencer_(clothing)) 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(/wiki/Attifet) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Ba tầm (/wiki/Ba_t%E1%BA%A7m) Bergère (/wiki/Berg%C3%A8re_hat) Blessed hat (/wiki/Blessed_sword_and_hat) Bonnet (/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)) Capotain (/wiki/Capotain) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalier (/wiki/Cavalier_hat) Coif (/wiki/Coif) Coonskin (/wiki/Coonskin_cap) Cornette (/wiki/Cornette) Dunce (/wiki/Dunce_cap) Fillet (/wiki/Fillet_(clothing)) French hood (/wiki/French_hood) Fontange (/wiki/Fontange) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Gable hood (/wiki/Gable_hood) Hennin (/wiki/Hennin) Jeongjagwan (/wiki/Jeongjagwan) Jewish (/wiki/Jewish_hat) Kausia (/wiki/Kausia) Kokoshnik (/wiki/Kokoshnik) Llawt'u (/wiki/Llawt%27u) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Matron's badge (/wiki/Matron%27s_badge) Miner's (/wiki/Miner%27s_cap) Mob (/wiki/Mobcap) Modius (/wiki/Modius_(headdress)) Monmouth (/wiki/Monmouth_cap) Mooskappe (/wiki/Mooskappe) Motoring hood (/wiki/Motoring_hood) Mounteere (/wiki/Mounteere_Cap) Nemes (/wiki/Nemes) Nightcap (/wiki/Nightcap_(garment)) Ochipok (/wiki/Ochipok) Pahlavi (/wiki/Pahlavi_hat) Petasos (/wiki/Petasos) Phrygian (/wiki/Phrygian_cap) Pileus (/wiki/Pileus_(hat)) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Pudding (/wiki/Baby_bumper_headguard_cap) Qeleshe (/wiki/Qeleshe) Qing (/wiki/Qing_official_headwear) Salakot (/wiki/Salakot) Snood (/wiki/Snood_(headgear)) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Tainia (/wiki/Tainia_(costume)) Taranga (/wiki/Taranga_(clothing)) Welsh Wig (/wiki/Welsh_Wig) Wimple (/wiki/Wimple) Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Buskins (/wiki/Buskin) Calcei (/wiki/Calcei) Caligae (/wiki/Caligae) Carbatina (/wiki/Carbatina) Chinese styles (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Chopines (/wiki/Chopine) Duckbills (/wiki/Duckbill_shoe) Episcopal sandals (/wiki/Episcopal_sandals) Hessian (/wiki/Hessian_(boot)) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Manchu platform shoes (/wiki/Manchu_platform_shoes) Pampooties (/wiki/Pampootie) Pattens (/wiki/Patten_(shoe)) Pigaches (/wiki/Pigache) Poulaines (/wiki/Poulaine) Socci (/wiki/Socci) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Turnshoes (/wiki/Turnshoe) Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Ascot tie (/wiki/Ascot_tie) Belt hook (/wiki/Belt_hook) Cointoise (/wiki/Cointoise) Cravat (early) (/wiki/Cravat_(early)) Hairpin (/wiki/Hairpin) Hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) Jabot (/wiki/Jabot_(neckwear)) Lavallière (/wiki/Pussy_bow) Muff (/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)) Oes (/wiki/Oes) Partlet (/wiki/Partlet) Perfumed gloves (/wiki/Perfumed_gloves) Ruff (/wiki/Ruff_(clothing)) Shoe buckle (/wiki/Shoe_buckle) Visard (/wiki/Visard) Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Indian fashion designer (born 1971) Aparna Chandra Born ( 1971-01-06 ) 6 January 1971 (age 53) New Delhi, Delhi (/wiki/New_Delhi,_Delhi) , India Education National Institute of Fashion Technology (/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology) Occupation Fashion Designer (/wiki/Fashion_Designer) Label Aparna Chandra for Nicobar Aparna Chandra (born 6 January 1971) [ citation needed ] is a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and stylist from India. Life [ edit ] Chandra was born on 6 January 1971, in Delhi. [1] (#cite_note-nettv4uBio-1) [2] (#cite_note-Times2003-2) She watched as a child the tailors employed by her mother, Asha, who was a designer of children's clothing. [3] (#cite_note-Adhikary-3) Chandra studied fashion design at the National Institute of Fashion Technology (/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology) (NIFT) and she worked, as an intern, for Indian designer Rohit Khosla (/wiki/Rohit_Khosla) . [4] (#cite_note-HTProfile2003-4) After graduation she launched her eponymous fashion line with less ordained clothing. It operated for ten years but there was insufficient interest and she began working as a stylist. [3] (#cite_note-Adhikary-3) [5] (#cite_note-MM2018-5) In 2015 Elle (India) (/wiki/Elle_(India)) recalled her designs from the era as notable "[n]ot for being outrageous, ostentatious or opulent, but for their easy simplicity. [6] (#cite_note-Jacob-6) She created campaigns for Benetton, Ray Ban, Van Heusen and De Beers. [4] (#cite_note-HTProfile2003-4) In 2014, she returned to design as the head of clothing at Indian lifestyle brand Nicobar. [6] (#cite_note-Jacob-6) The September 2018 launch of Aparna Chandra for Nicobar marks her first standalone collection in more than a decade. [3] (#cite_note-Adhikary-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-nettv4uBio_1-0) "Hindi Fashion Designer Aparna Chandra" (https://www.nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/fashion-designer/aparna-chandra) . nettv4u . Retrieved 9 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-Times2003_2-0) "Aparna Chandra, stitch by stitch" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/Aparna-Chandra-stitch-by-stitch/articleshow/181002.cms) . The Times of India . 14 September 2003 . Retrieved 9 March 2019 . ^ a b c Adhikary, Sharmi (9 December 2018). "Back with a bang" (https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/fashion/2018/dec/09/back-with-a-bang-1908398.html) . The New Indian Express . Retrieved 9 March 2019 . ^ a b "Aparna Chandra" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/aparna-chandra/story-BYh6qxGBIpxmHR0JPetzNN.html) . Hindustan Times . 15 July 2003 . Retrieved 9 March 2019 . ^ (#cite_ref-MM2018_5-0) "Small talk: The girl from wonderland" (https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/small-talk-the-girl-from-wonderland/articleshow/65825532.cms) . Mumbai Mirror . 16 September 2018 . Retrieved 9 March 2019 . ^ a b Jacob, Nidhi (25 April 2016). "Aparna Chandra makes a big comeback with Nicobar" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180813045853/http://elle.in/magazine/aparna-chandra-makes-a-big-comeback-with-nicobar/) . Elle India . Archived from the original (http://elle.in/magazine/aparna-chandra-makes-a-big-comeback-with-nicobar/) on 13 August 2018 . Retrieved 9 March 2019 . 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Taiwanese fashion designer Apu Jan is a Taiwanese (/wiki/Taiwanese_people) fashion designer based in London (/wiki/London) . He heads the eponymous fashion house APUJAN. Personal life [ edit ] His father is the founder of PC Home Online, the largest e-commerce retailer in Taiwan. [1] (#cite_note-1) He is a graduate of London's Royal College of Art (/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art) . [2] (#cite_note-Tatler_Asia-2) APUJAN [ edit ] Apu Jan debuted APUJAN in 2013 at London fashion week (/wiki/London_fashion_week) . [3] (#cite_note-3) APUJAN is based in London. [4] (#cite_note-4) Apu Jan is considered one of the best bespoke gown designers in Asia. [2] (#cite_note-Tatler_Asia-2) His designs are known for their consistency and restraint. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2019 he did a collaboration with McDonald's (/wiki/McDonald%27s) on a set of meals influenced by Chinese calligraphy (/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy) . [6] (#cite_note-Taiwan_News_2020-6) In 2020 he did a collaboration with McDonalds on a space themed collection which made extensive use of the color black both in the packaging and in the food itself. [6] (#cite_note-Taiwan_News_2020-6) His work has been seen on Audrey Tang (/wiki/Audrey_Tang) [7] (#cite_note-7) and Janet Hsieh (/wiki/Janet_Hsieh) . [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2022 he produced a short film for his autumn-winter 2022 collection entitled "The Ballad of A Story Keeper" which featured a sci-fi plot and Alice Tseng (/w/index.php?title=Alice_Tseng&action=edit&redlink=1) in the lead role. [9] (#cite_note-9) See also [ edit ] Art in Taiwan (/wiki/Art_in_Taiwan) Art in the United Kingdom (/wiki/Art_in_the_United_Kingdom) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Beatriz, Alexa (March 2016). "London Fashion Week Chinese Designer Spotlight: Apu Jan" (https://jingdaily.com/66698-2/) . jingdaily.com . Jing Daily . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . ^ a b Asia, Tatler. "8 Best Bespoke Fashion Designers In Asia For Your Made-To-Order Gowns" (https://www.tatlerasia.com/style/fashion/th-asias-best-bespoke-fashion-designers) . www.tatlerasia.com . Tatler Asia. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211007055609/https://www.tatlerasia.com/style/fashion/th-asias-best-bespoke-fashion-designers) from the original on 2021-10-07 . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Hsu, Feliciana. "Apu Jan: Taiwan's Versatile Fashion Designer Talks About His Entrepreneurship" (https://meet-global.bnext.com.tw/articles/view/44265) . Meet Global . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "APU JAN" (https://fashionscout.co.uk/apu-jan) . fashionscout.co.uk . Fashion Scout . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Marrington, Thomas. "LFW AW16: Apu Jan" (https://www.theglassmagazine.com/lfw-aw16-apu-jan/) . www.theglassmagazine.com . The Glass Magazine . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . ^ a b Liu, Lyla (5 May 2020). "McDonald's Taiwan's latest fashion makeover to feature UK-based designer" (https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3928496) . www.taiwannews.com.tw . Taiwan News . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) TING-FANG, CHENG; LI, LAULY; IHARA, KENSAKU. "Taiwan digital minister warns of China's 5G 'Trojan horse' (https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/Taiwan-digital-minister-warns-of-China-s-5G-Trojan-horse) " (https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/Taiwan-digital-minister-warns-of-China-s-5G-Trojan-horse) . asia.nikkei.com . Nikkei . Retrieved 15 July 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Liu, Lyla (November 2021). "Golden Globes boosts Taiwan fashion label APUJAN" (https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4331735) . www.taiwannews.com.tw . Taiwan News . Retrieved 1 November 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Liu, Lyla (22 February 2022). "Taiwan's APUJAN brings out women's true colors at London Fashion Week 2022" (https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4451552) . taiwannews.com.tw . Taiwan News . Retrieved 22 February 2022 . External links [ edit ] Vogue UK Autumn/Winter 2018 Ready-to-Wear (https://www.vogue.co.uk/shows/autumn-winter-2018-ready-to-wear/apu-jan) APUJAN (https://www.apujan.com) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6457fbf49b‐566x6 Cached time: 20240706102654 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.157 seconds Real time usage: 0.207 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 612/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15119/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 408/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 33701/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.102/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4303109/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 191.689 1 -total 64.38% 123.411 1 Template:Reflist 55.15% 105.725 9 Template:Cite_web 33.24% 63.715 1 Template:Short_description 18.78% 35.990 2 Template:Pagetype 9.04% 17.327 3 Template:Main_other 8.15% 15.630 1 Template:SDcat 0.94% 1.807 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:63910448-0!canonical and timestamp 20240706102654 and revision id 1149606751. 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