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Companies portal (/wiki/Portal:Companies) Australia portal (/wiki/Portal:Australia) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐967764f4‐wtf9m Cached time: 20240629154456 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.053 seconds Real time usage: 0.071 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 17/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1118/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1041/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.029/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 681051/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 55.578 1 Template:Portal 100.00% 55.578 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42486694-0!canonical and timestamp 20240629154456 and revision id 987953495. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Cosmetics companies of Australia" The following 11 pages are in this category, out of 11 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Adore Beauty (/wiki/Adore_Beauty) Aesop (brand) (/wiki/Aesop_(brand)) B Bondi Sands (/wiki/Bondi_Sands) G Goldfield & Banks (/wiki/Goldfield_%26_Banks) I INova Pharmaceuticals (/wiki/INova_Pharmaceuticals) J Jurlique (/wiki/Jurlique) K KORA Organics (/wiki/KORA_Organics) M Mecca (cosmetics) (/wiki/Mecca_(cosmetics)) Miessence (/wiki/Miessence) P Poppy Industries (/wiki/Poppy_Industries) R Red Earth (company) (/wiki/Red_Earth_(company)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Australia&oldid=987953495 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Cosmetics_companies_of_Australia&oldid=987953495) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Companies of Australia by industry (/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Australia_by_industry) Cosmetics companies by country (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics_companies_by_country)
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Altagamma (/wiki/Altagamma) members NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐ffb54cd48‐km2tt Cached time: 20240716152654 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.004 seconds Real time usage: 0.161 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47223307-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716152654 and revision id 696972637. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Altagamma members" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Acqua di Parma (/wiki/Acqua_di_Parma) B Brunello Cucinelli (brand) (/wiki/Brunello_Cucinelli_(brand)) C Corneliani (/wiki/Corneliani) F Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) G Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) I Isaia (/wiki/Isaia) P Persol (/wiki/Persol) S S.Pellegrino (/wiki/S.Pellegrino) V Versace (/wiki/Versace) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Altagamma_members&oldid=696972637 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Altagamma_members&oldid=696972637) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Italian brands (/wiki/Category:Italian_brands) Brand management (/wiki/Category:Brand_management) Luxury brands (/wiki/Category:Luxury_brands)
Nour Ardakani Nour in 2022 Born Nour Issam Ardakani ( 2001-11-30 ) 30 November 2001 (age 22) Beirut (/wiki/Beirut) , Lebanon (/wiki/Lebanon) Occupations Singer dancer model Parent(s) Rana Ardakani (رنا أردكاني in arabic) and Issam Ardakani (عصام أردكاني in arabic) Relatives Jad Issam Ardakani (جاد عصام أردكاني in arabic) and Ryan Issam Ardakani (ريان عصام أردكاني in arabic) Musical career Instrument(s) Vocals piano ukulêle Years active 2020–present Labels XIX Entertainment (/wiki/XIX_Entertainment) Musical artist Signature Nour Issam Ardakani ( Arabic (/wiki/Arabic_language) : نور عصام أردكاني ; born November 30, 2001) is a Lebanese singer, dancer and model. She currently represents Lebanon (/wiki/Lebanon) and the MENA (/wiki/MENA) region in Now United (/wiki/Now_United) , a global pop group founded by Spice Girls (/wiki/Spice_Girls) manager Simon Fuller (/wiki/Simon_Fuller) . Career [ edit ] 2020–present: Now United [ edit ] She was announced as the 16th member of the global pop group Now United on 21 September 2020 as Lebanon (/wiki/Lebanon) 's representative, participated in the group's auditions and competed as a finalist with Ayla (علياء in Arabic), from the United Arab Emirates (/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) . Before joining Now United, Nour had a band with her friends called Front Row. Her first song as a member of Now United was "Habibi". She later released the Arabic version of the song called "حبيبي" ("Habibi" in Arabic). With the group and at the age of 19, Nour was the first Lebanese to be nominated for Meus Prêmios Nick (/wiki/Meus_Pr%C3%AAmios_Nick) , the Brazilian version of Nickelodion's Kids' Choice Awards (/wiki/Nickelodeon_Kids%27_Choice_Awards) . Nour went on a global tour with Now United since March 11th,2022 (Wave Your Flag World Tour). Interviews and editorials [ edit ] Nour was considered "arguably the biggest Gen Z role model in the Arab world" by Cosmopolitan Middle East in the article Nour Ardakani Is Putting Up a Now United Front. [1] (#cite_note-1) She has also been interviewed by ET Arabia, The Insider, MTV Lebanon, Jornal Al Khaleej, [2] (#cite_note-2) Al Arabiya and Al Jadeed. Some major music websites such as Variety, [3] (#cite_note-3) The National News, [4] (#cite_note-4) NBC, [5] (#cite_note-5) and Harper's Bazaar Arabia [6] (#cite_note-6) covered Nour's performance and her career. Personal life [ edit ] Nour is from a Baha’i family. She used to live with her mother, father, and two siblings, Jad and Ryan, in Mansourieh, Lebanon (/wiki/Mansourieh,_Lebanon) , but now she currently lives in Los Angeles (/wiki/Los_Angeles) due to her work in Now United. She is fluent in Arabic, English and French. She studied Nutrition and Business [7] (#cite_note-7) at the American University of Beirut (/wiki/American_University_of_Beirut) . She also composes songs, plays the piano, ukulele and is currently learning to play the guitar. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Discography [ edit ] For Nour's work with Now United (/wiki/Now_United) , see Now United discography (/wiki/Now_United_discography) . As lead artist [ edit ] List of singles as lead artist, with selected chart positions, showing year released Title Year Peaks Album LBN (/wiki/The_Official_Lebanese_Top_20) "So Good" 2023 — Non-album singles "Miles Above the Moon" 2024 — "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. Awards and nominees [ edit ] Year Award Category Nominee Results ref 2021 Murex d'Or Best Arabic song Habibi حبيبي (Arabic version) - Now United Nominated [1] (http://www.murexdor.com/index.php/vote) Murex d'Or Public Award Nour Ardakani Nominated Arab Woman Awards Young Talent Nour Ardakani Winner [2] (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/hbanews/world-of-fashion-2021/arab-woman-awards-winners-announced-at-world-of-fashion-2021) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Midwood, Milli (April 29, 2021). "Nour Ardakani is putting up a United front" (https://www.cosmopolitanme.com/celebs/nour-ardakani-spring-issue-cover-story) . Cosmopolitan Middle East . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211028170655/https://www.cosmopolitanme.com/celebs/nour-ardakani-spring-issue-cover-story) from the original on October 28, 2021 . Retrieved October 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Staff report (September 21, 2020). "Lebanon's Nour Ardakani chosen as MENA Now United member" (https://www.khaleejtimes.com/lebanons-nour-ardakani-chosen-as-mena-now-united-member-middle-east-new-pepsi) . Khaleej Times . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210921145446/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/lebanons-nour-ardakani-chosen-as-mena-now-united-member-middle-east-new-pepsi) from the original on September 21, 2021 . Retrieved October 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Vivarelli, Nick (September 21, 2020). "Lebanese Newcomer Nour Ardakani Joins Global Pop Group Now United" (https://variety.com/2020/music/news/lebanon-nour-ardakani-joins-now-united-simon-fuller-1234777214/) . Variety . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211028164500/https://variety.com/2020/music/news/lebanon-nour-ardakani-joins-now-united-simon-fuller-1234777214/) from the original on October 28, 2021 . Retrieved October 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Saeed, Saeed (September 23, 2020). "Now United's new Lebanese member Nour Ardakani on representing the Arab world: 'I am ready for the responsibility' (https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/music/now-united-s-new-lebanese-member-nour-ardakani-on-representing-the-arab-world-i-am-ready-for-the-responsibility-1.1082214) " (https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/music/now-united-s-new-lebanese-member-nour-ardakani-on-representing-the-arab-world-i-am-ready-for-the-responsibility-1.1082214) . The National News . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211025151311/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/music/now-united-s-new-lebanese-member-nour-ardakani-on-representing-the-arab-world-i-am-ready-for-the-responsibility-1.1082214) from the original on October 25, 2021 . Retrieved October 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) montana, NBC (September 23, 2020). "Lebanese teen from Beirut joins global pop band" (https://nbcmontana.com/news/entertainment/lebanese-teen-from-beirut-joins-global-pop-band) . NBC Montana . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211027181417/https://nbcmontana.com/news/entertainment/lebanese-teen-from-beirut-joins-global-pop-band) from the original on October 27, 2021 . Retrieved October 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Arabia, Harper's Bazaar (October 13, 2021). "Arab Woman Awards Winners announced at world of fashion 2021" (https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/hbanews/world-of-fashion-2021/arab-woman-awards-winners-announced-at-world-of-fashion-2021) . Harper's Bazaar Arabia . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211028175020/https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/hbanews/world-of-fashion-2021/arab-woman-awards-winners-announced-at-world-of-fashion-2021) from the original on October 28, 2021 . Retrieved October 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Paula, Juliane de (January 18, 2021). "Now United lança vídeo mostrando história de Nour Ardakani, nova integrante do grupo" (https://palcopop.com/2021/01/18/now-united-lanca-video-mostrando-historia-de-nour-ardakani-nova-integrante-do-grupo/) . Palco Pop . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211027181822/https://palcopop.com/2021/01/18/now-united-lanca-video-mostrando-historia-de-nour-ardakani-nova-integrante-do-grupo/) from the original on October 27, 2021 . Retrieved October 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Serra, Ana (September 22, 2020). "Now United: 10 curiosidades sobre Nour Ardakani, a nova integrante do Oriente Médio" (https://www.purebreak.com.br/noticias/now-united-10-curiosidades-sobre-nour-ardakani-a-nova-integrante-do-oriente-medio/95693) . Pure Break . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211029173818/https://www.purebreak.com.br/noticias/now-united-10-curiosidades-sobre-nour-ardakani-a-nova-integrante-do-oriente-medio/95693) from the original on October 29, 2021 . Retrieved October 15, 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Zavagli, Gabriela (January 28, 2021). "Com vídeo emocionante, Now United conta a história de Nour Ardakani até entrar no grupo" (https://festivalteen.com.br/com-video-emocionante-now-united-conta-historia-de-nour-ardakani-ate-entrar-no-grupo.html) . Festival Teen . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211026204721/https://festivalteen.com.br/com-video-emocionante-now-united-conta-historia-de-nour-ardakani-ate-entrar-no-grupo.html) from the original on October 26, 2021 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nour_Ardakani&oldid=1228636543 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nour_Ardakani&oldid=1228636543) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Lebanese women pop singers (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_women_pop_singers) Lebanese female dancers (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_female_dancers) Lebanese dancers (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_dancers) Lebanese female models (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_female_models) 2001 births (/wiki/Category:2001_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Now United members (/wiki/Category:Now_United_members) Hidden categories: Pages using infobox person with multiple parents (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_person_with_multiple_parents) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles with hCards (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards) Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts (/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_musical_artist_with_associated_acts) Biography with signature (/wiki/Category:Biography_with_signature) Articles containing Arabic-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)
The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Bucketfeet" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bucketfeet%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bucketfeet%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bucketfeet%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bucketfeet%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bucketfeet%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bucketfeet%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Bucketfeet, Inc. Company type Subsidiary Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 2011 ( 2011 ) Headquarters Chicago (/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois) , Illinois (/wiki/Illinois) , U.S. Area served Worldwide Key people Raaja Nemani ( CEO (/wiki/CEO) / Founder (/wiki/Entrepreneur) ) Aaron Firestein (Chief Artist / Founder (/wiki/Entrepreneur) ) Bobby Stephens (President & COO / Co-Founder (/wiki/Entrepreneur) ) Products Shoes (/wiki/Shoes) , apparel (/wiki/Apparel) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Threadless (/wiki/Threadless) Website bucketfeet (http://bucketfeet.com) .com (http://bucketfeet.com) Bucketfeet is an American online retailer specializing in artist-designed footwear (/wiki/Footwear) . The company collaborates with a global community of artists to design limited-edition shoes with the goal of "sparking meaningful conversations to create a brighter world." [1] (#cite_note-fastcoexist-1) [2] (#cite_note-hypebeast-2) Company history [ edit ] Raaja Nemani and Aaron Firestein first met in 2008. [3] (#cite_note-Lelter-3) The two became friends and upon Raaja's departure from Buenos Aires, Aaron sold him a pair of shoes on which he had drawn an artistic design. Raaja continued his year-long journey and cites the shoes as an easy conversation starter; he says people from all over the world would comment on their unique design and that several friendships were sparked from these initial conversations. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-huffingtonpost-5) Aaron had been drawing on canvas sneakers (/wiki/Sneakers_(footwear)) since his college years. His designs had garnered the attention of his classmates, who began offering to buy his hand-designed shoes. [5] (#cite_note-huffingtonpost-5) Aaron's friends at the University of Oregon had nicknamed him "Bucket," so he began calling his creations "Bucketfeet." This was the inspiration for the name of the company he founded with Raaja Nemani years later. [1] (#cite_note-fastcoexist-1) After Raaja had completed his travels, he sent Aaron a Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) message asking if he would be willing to move to Chicago and create a business around the idea of artist-designed sneakers. Aaron agreed, and the two moved to Chicago in 2010 and officially launched the business in 2011. [1] (#cite_note-fastcoexist-1) In 2012, Raaja and Aaron tapped Bobby Stephens, a seasoned Retail executive and fellow sneaker enthusiast, to round out the team. Shortly thereafter, Bucketfeet secured a significant fundraising round, including backing from Hydra Ventures (adidas). In October 2017, Bucketfeet was acquired by online artist community and e-commerce retailer Threadless (/wiki/Threadless) for an undisclosed amount. [6] (#cite_note-moreno-6) Business Model [ edit ] Bucketfeet's business model is based on the premise that a different artist designs every shoe. Bucketfeet states its mission is to connect people around the world through art and the company collaborates with painters, designers, illustrators, and more to create each shoe design. [3] (#cite_note-Lelter-3) The business aims to grant the emerging artists in its network exposure on a global scale. [7] (#cite_note-7) Bucketfeet purchases each artists' work upfront, and also pays a royalty for each shoe sold back to the artist who originally designed them. [1] (#cite_note-fastcoexist-1) Bucketfeet sells shoes through their online store, independent boutiques, and several brick-and-mortar locations. [8] (#cite_note-8) As of 2015, Bucketfeet had retail studio locations in downtown Chicago, [9] (#cite_note-9) Washington D.C, and New York City. After being acquired by Threadless in 2017, Bucketfeet shuttered all retail stores, focusing on their core online business through the Threadless e-commerce website. [10] (#cite_note-10) [6] (#cite_note-moreno-6) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Pastorek, Whitney (17 August 2012). "A Global Street Art Collective Makes Art You Can Wear On Your Feet" (http://www.fastcoexist.com/1680395/a-global-street-art-collective-makes-art-you-can-wear-on-your-feet#1) . Fast Company . Retrieved 13 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-hypebeast_2-0) Marshall, Robert (4 July 2013). "Bucketfeet 2013 Spring/Summer Collection" (http://hypebeast.com/2013/7/bucketfeet-2013-spring-summer-collection) . Hypebeast . Retrieved 13 October 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lelter, Lisa (1 May 2013). "Generation Next: Crain's 20 In Their 20s" (http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20130501/TWENTIES/305049995/aaron-firestein) . Crain's Chicago Business . Retrieved 14 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Sweeney, Brigid (22 July 2013). "Can Bucketfeet become the next Crocs?" (http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20130720/ISSUE01/307209980/can-bucketfeet-become-the-next-crocs) . Crain's Chicago Business . Retrieved 31 October 2016 . ^ Jump up to: a b Cimbalo, Guy (24 October 2012). "Why It's OK to Draw on Your Shoes" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/guy-cimbalo/why-its-ok-to-draw-on-you_b_1971185.html) . Huffington Post . Retrieved 14 October 2013 . ^ Jump up to: a b Nereida Moreno, "E-commerce company Threadless acquires shoe brand Bucketfeet," (http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-threadless-bucketfeet-20171011-story.html) Chicago Tribune (/wiki/Chicago_Tribune) , October 23, 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "BucketFeet Raises $7.5 Million to Put Art on Your Shoes" (https://techcrunch.com/2015/02/04/bucketfeet-raises-7-5-million-to-put-art-on-your-shoes/) . 4 February 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Chicago Grid \| Bucketfeet gives us the skinny on its pop-up shop during Happy Hour" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131014203914/http://www.chicagogrid.com/people/mindie-bucketfeet/) . Archived from the original (http://www.chicagogrid.com/people/mindie-bucketfeet/) on 2013-10-14 . Retrieved 2013-10-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "BucketFeet to Open New Bucktown Retail Store \| Chicago Inno" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150414092949/http://chicagoinno.streetwise.co/2015/04/07/bucketfeet-to-open-new-bucktown-retail-store/) . Archived from the original (http://chicagoinno.streetwise.co/2015/04/07/bucketfeet-to-open-new-bucktown-retail-store/) on 2015-04-14 . Retrieved 2015-04-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Alisa Hauser (October 23, 2017). "Threadless Acquires Bucketfeet As Shoe Brand Shutters All Stores" (https://web.archive.org/web/20181005112504/https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20171023/bucktown/threadless-acquires-bucketfeet-as-shoe-brand-shutters-all-stores/) . DNAinfo. Archived from the original (https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20171023/bucktown/threadless-acquires-bucketfeet-as-shoe-brand-shutters-all-stores) on 2018-10-05 . Retrieved October 4, 2018 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 43 subcategories, out of 43 total. - Fashion entrepreneurs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_entrepreneurs) ‎ (1 C, 8 P) A Albanian fashion businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Albanian_fashion_businesspeople) ‎ (6 P) American fashion businesspeople (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_businesspeople) ‎ (3 C, 255 P) Australian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Australian_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 4 P) Austrian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Austrian_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C) B Belarusian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Belarusian_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 P) Belgian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Belgian_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 2 P) Brazilian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Brazilian_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (2 P) British businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:British_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (4 C, 13 P) C Canadian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Canadian_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 7 P) Chinese businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Chinese_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 2 P) D Danish businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Danish_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (5 P) Dutch businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Dutch_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (2 P) F Filipino businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Filipino_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 2 P) Finnish businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Finnish_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C) French businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:French_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (5 C, 29 P) G German businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:German_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 1 P) German fashion businesspeople (/wiki/Category:German_fashion_businesspeople) ‎ (15 P) Ghanaian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Ghanaian_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C) Greek businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Greek_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C) H Haitian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Haitian_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (2 C) I Indian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Indian_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (4 P) Irish businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Irish_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 2 P) Israeli businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Israeli_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 P) Italian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Italian_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (2 C, 23 P) J Japanese businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Japanese_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (2 C, 2 P) L Lebanese businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Lebanese_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (4 P) M Mexican businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Mexican_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C) Monegasque businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Monegasque_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 P) N New Zealand businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 1 P) Nigerian fashion businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Nigerian_fashion_businesspeople) ‎ (2 C, 36 P) P Pakistani businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Pakistani_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 P) Portuguese businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Portuguese_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 P) R Romanian fashion businesspeople (/wiki/Category:Romanian_fashion_businesspeople) ‎ (1 P) S Salvadoran businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Salvadoran_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 P) Saudi Arabian businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabian_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (5 P) South African businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:South_African_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 3 P) Spanish businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Spanish_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 1 P) Swedish businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Swedish_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 5 P) Swiss businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Swiss_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 C, 2 P) T Taiwanese businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Taiwanese_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (3 P) Togolese businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Togolese_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (1 P) Turkish businesspeople in fashion (/wiki/Category:Turkish_businesspeople_in_fashion) ‎ (2 P) Pages in category "Businesspeople in fashion" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A Tony Ahn (/wiki/Tony_Ahn) Peter Alexander (fashion designer) (/wiki/Peter_Alexander_(fashion_designer)) Anisha Rosnah (/wiki/Anisha_Rosnah) Asil Attar (/wiki/Asil_Attar) B Debonnaire von Bismarck (/wiki/Debonnaire_von_Bismarck) Delfina Blaquier (/wiki/Delfina_Blaquier) C Calvin Chen (/wiki/Calvin_Chen) G Daniel Grieder (/wiki/Daniel_Grieder) M Karl Angelo Maiuri (/wiki/Karl_Angelo_Maiuri) Evelyn Mora (/wiki/Evelyn_Mora) P Yulia Paliychuk (/wiki/Yulia_Paliychuk) T Ralph Toledano (/wiki/Ralph_Toledano) W Carole White (/wiki/Carole_White) Chip Wilson (/wiki/Chip_Wilson) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=798529823 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Businesspeople_in_fashion&oldid=798529823) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : People in fashion (/wiki/Category:People_in_fashion) Fashion occupations (/wiki/Category:Fashion_occupations) Businesspeople by industry (/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_by_industry) Fashion industry (/wiki/Category:Fashion_industry)
Style of wide-brimmed hat A cartwheel shape from the early 1900s, showing a wide brim and large pancake crown, with the hat secured by a hatpin (/wiki/Hatpin) . A cartwheel hat (also cart wheel hat ) is a hat with a wide-brimmed circular or saucer-shaped design. It may be made in a variety of materials, including straw (/wiki/Straw) or felt (/wiki/Felt) and usually has a low crown. It may be similar to the picture hat (/wiki/Picture_hat) and halo-brimmed hat (/wiki/Halo_hat) in shape. [1] (#cite_note-Hats_and_Headwear_Chico-1) Typically, it is worn at an angle to show off the curve of the brim, rather than being worn at the back of the head in the manner of a halo hat. History [ edit ] Fanny Brice (/wiki/Fanny_Brice) wearing a cartwheel hat with transparent brim, c. 1910 The cartwheel hat became popular in the years leading up to World War I (/wiki/World_War_I) . The Milwaukee Sentinel (/wiki/Milwaukee_Sentinel) described the new fashion in 1914: "Do not be astounded if you notice a smartly gowned woman with a hat of huge proportions...The new large hats are broad brimmed and have low crowns, which are not discernible when the hat is worn, hence they resemble cartwheels tilted at a becoming angle". [2] (#cite_note-Milwaukee_Sentinel_1914-2) These early versions might be covered in velvet (/wiki/Velvet) , taffeta (/wiki/Taffeta) or silk (/wiki/Silk) ; some included flower, fur or feather trims. [2] (#cite_note-Milwaukee_Sentinel_1914-2) Queensland (/wiki/Queensland) racegoers sporting cartwheel-shaped sunhats, 1939 1930s styles [ edit ] The cartwheel hat appeared in films and fashion during the 1930s – an American newspaper described the latest Paris fashion for straight and curled-brim cartwheel designs in 1934. The correspondent described crowns so shallow that hats had to be secured with a rubber band above or below the hair, which must be "perfectly coiffed" as it was revealed by the hat. [3] (#cite_note-Spokane_Daily_Chronicle_Kerr-3) In 1936, an Australian newspaper report about racegoers at Brisbane's Ascot (/wiki/Ascot,_Queensland) racing meeting noted the abundance of: "wide-brimmed shady hats of the cartwheel type". [4] (#cite_note-Courier_Mail_Brisbane-4) The following year, The Observer (/wiki/The_Observer) described: "cartwheel hats with exceedingly low crowns and brims which slope very slightly downwards", also noting that London milliner Aage Thaarup (/wiki/Aage_Thaarup) was showing versions for Ascot (/wiki/Ascot_Racecourse) in straw and lemon-yellow felt. [5] (#cite_note-The_Observer_Settle-5) One of the most influential showcases of the potential of the style was the 1939 film Gone with the Wind (/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)) , in which Vivien Leigh (/wiki/Vivien_Leigh) (Scarlett O'Hara) wore a huge cartwheel with green ribbons designed by celebrity milliner Mr. John (/wiki/Mr._John) . [6] (#cite_note-Independent_Mulvagh-6) [7] (#cite_note-Granger_film_still-7) 'New Look' trends [ edit ] While a Hattie Carnegie (/wiki/Hattie_Carnegie) cartwheel design appeared on the cover of American Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) in 1938, the style is most associated with the period after World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) austerity and make-do-and-mend was over. [8] (#cite_note-Nevada_museums_Feder-8) By 1945, new cartwheel styles were being offered with open crowns. [9] (#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune_1946-9) Publicity still from Les Girls (/wiki/Les_Girls) , showing classic cartwheel hats worn at a jaunty angle, 1957 Four years later, Rita Hayworth (/wiki/Rita_Hayworth) wore a variation on the cartwheel made of sheer material to match the pleated Jacques Fath (/wiki/Jacques_Fath) dress for her 'low key' wedding to Aly Khan (/wiki/Aly_Khan) – an event that generated huge interest and replica designs of her outfit. [10] (#cite_note-On_this_Day_Chambers-10) [11] (#cite_note-Red_List_Hayworth-11) By spring 1950, the cartwheel hat was being tipped in Life (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) alongside pleated dresses as the: "new silhouette". The hat designs featured were also by Mr. John. [12] (#cite_note-Life_130350-12) A month later, Life noted: "The recent tendency to go bareheaded has been reversed simply because the new season's narrow silhouette looks better when balanced with a hat." The article singled out the cartwheel in a new "unseasonal" coral velvet. [13] (#cite_note-Life_030450-13) Kate Middleton (/wiki/Kate_Middleton) , seen here with Prince Harry (/wiki/Prince_Harry) , wore a Philip Somerville (/wiki/Philip_Somerville) cartwheel design in 2008 The cartwheel became particularly closely associated with New Look (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.#The_.22New_Look.22) fashions. Dior's Y-line collection of autumn 1955 showcased cartwheel hats, paired with pearls, princess-line dresses and stoles. [14] (#cite_note-Fashion_Franklin-14) While the size and shape of hats could be extreme, such designs were made not just for day but evening wear; the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) archive includes a Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior_S.A.) cocktail frock designed to be worn with matching tulle (/wiki/Tulle_netting) cartwheel hat. [15] (#cite_note-V&A_Dior_cocktail_outfit-15) High-profile wearers of the style included Queen Elizabeth (/wiki/Elizabeth_II) who wore a straw cartwheel shape on her tour of Australia the year after her coronation (/wiki/Coronation_of_Elizabeth_II) – although her hat was less extreme than some of the Dior models. [16] (#cite_note-Vanity_Fair_Ball-16) Post 1950s revivals [ edit ] The cartwheel hat has continued as a favourite showstopper for weddings and events – with designers such as Philip Somerville (/wiki/Philip_Somerville) , Graham Smith (/wiki/Graham_Smith_(milliner)) and Frederick Fox (/wiki/Frederick_Fox_(milliner)) including them in their millinery ranges. [17] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Mower-17) [18] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Neustatter-18) There have also been notable revivals in high fashion; Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) featured dramatic forward-angled designs in his 1987 autumn collection. [19] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Rumbold-19) He also featured cartwheel shapes in neon orange and shocking pink in 2002. [20] (#cite_note-The_Guardian_Cartner-Morley-20) See also [ edit ] Halo hat (/wiki/Halo_hat) Mushroom hat (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Hats_and_Headwear_Chico_1-0) Chico, Beverly (2013). Hats and Headwear around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO LLC. pp. 211–12. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781610690621 . Retrieved 13 November 2014 . ^ a b "The Cartwheel Hat" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19140927&id=eX9RAAAAIBAJ&pg=2790,2991095) . Milwaukee Sentinel. 27 September 1914 . Retrieved 16 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Spokane_Daily_Chronicle_Kerr_3-0) Kerr, Adelaide (19 May 1934). "Cartwheel Crown, Shallow Brim Capture Stage" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19340519&id=6NRXAAAAIBAJ&pg=3708,4153035) . Spokane Daily Chronicle . Retrieved 16 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Courier_Mail_Brisbane_4-0) "Cartwheel hats combat sunshine: summer modes on Ascot lawns" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37013782) . The Courier-Mail Brisbane. 28 October 1936 . Retrieved 18 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Observer_Settle_5-0) Settle, Alison (13 June 1937). "The hat picture drawn in sweeping lines". The Observer. ^ (#cite_ref-Independent_Mulvagh_6-0) Mulvagh, Jane (2 July 1993). "Obituary: John P. John" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-john-p-john-1482409.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 18 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Granger_film_still_7-0) "Gone with the Wind, 1939" (http://www.granger.com/results.asp?image=0116761&itemw=4&itemf=0003&itemstep=1&itemx=3) . granger.com . Granger Historical Picture Archive . Retrieved 19 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Nevada_museums_Feder_8-0) Feder, Karan. "Star Milliners in American Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129022823/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1729:star-milliners-in-american-fashion-part-1&catid=19) . museums.nevadaculture.org . Division of Museums and History Nevada. Archived from the original (http://museums.nevadaculture.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1729:star-milliners-in-american-fashion-part-1&catid=19) on 29 November 2014 . Retrieved 16 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Chicago_Tribune_1946_9-0) "Summer Cartwheel Hat of Ruffled Horsehair Braid" (http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1945/05/24/page/21/article/sumnmer-cartwheel-hat-of-ruffled-horse-hair-braid) . Chicago Tribune. 24 May 1945 . Retrieved 16 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-On_this_Day_Chambers_10-0) Chambers, Rachel. "The story behind the styles" (http://onthisdayinfashion.com/?p=6683) . onthisdayinfashion.com . On This Day In Fashion . Retrieved 18 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Red_List_Hayworth_11-0) "Rita Hayworth & Ali Khan" (http://theredlist.com/wiki-2-24-224-523-view-hollywood-cinecitta-stars-profile-rita-hayworth-ali-khan.html) . theredlist.com . The Red List . Retrieved 18 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Life_130350_12-0) "The new mobile pleat" (https://books.google.com/books?id=_1IEAAAAMBAJ&q=Mr+John+cartwheel+hat&pg=PA67) . Life. 13 March 1950 . Retrieved 18 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Life_030450_13-0) "Spring Hats: this is the year for simple shapes" (https://books.google.com/books?id=vEgEAAAAMBAJ&q=Mr+John+cartwheel+hat&pg=PA98) . Life. 3 April 1950 . Retrieved 18 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Fashion_Franklin_14-0) Franklin, Caryn (2012). Fashion: The Ultimate Book of Costume and Style . London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 319. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781405398794 . Retrieved 18 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-V&A_Dior_cocktail_outfit_15-0) "Cocktail dress, Dior" (http://www.vam.ac.uk/users/node/3514) . vam.ac.uk . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 16 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vanity_Fair_Ball_16-0) Ball, Sarah (31 May 2012). "Crowning Glory" (http://www.vanityfair.com/society/2012/05/diamond-jubilee-hats-queen-elizabeth) . Vanity Fair . Retrieved 19 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_Mower_17-0) Mower, Sarah (21 May 1987). "Taking the plunge". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_Neustatter_18-0) Neustatter, Angela (27 April 1976). "Cover up jobs". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_Rumbold_19-0) Rumbold, Judy (19 October 1987). "Man who won the inch war". The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-The_Guardian_Cartner-Morley_20-0) Cartner-Morley, Jess (10 July 2002). "Lagerfeld and Lacroix: simple silhouettes versus flamboyant feathers". The Guardian . External links [ edit ] Cartwheel hat at University of North Texas archive (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30000/) New South Wales museum collection, black cartwheel design, c. 1950 (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129021044/http://collections.ncc.nsw.gov.au/keemu/pages/nrm/Display.php?irn=7442&QueryPage=%2Fkeemu%2Fpages%2Fnrm%2FQuery.php) Getty image of 1946 cartwheel hat and evening gown (http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/cartwheel-hat-strapless-evening-dress-and-stole-news-photo/53369964) British Pathé film showing cartwheel models, 1950 (http://www.britishpathe.com/video/summer-hats-dublin-special/query/America) Stephen Jones contemporary cartwheel hat in Ryerson Fashion Research Collection (http://ryerson-fashion-research-collection.com/tag/hats/) v t e Hats (/wiki/Hat) and caps (/wiki/Cap) List of hat styles (/wiki/List_of_hat_styles) Western (/wiki/Western_culture) culture (/wiki/Western_culture) Formal (/wiki/Formal_wear) Cartwheel Cloche (/wiki/Cloche_hat) Cocktail (/wiki/Cocktail_hat) Doll (/wiki/Doll_hat) Draped turban (/wiki/Draped_turban) Eugénie (/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_hat) Fascinator (/wiki/Fascinator) Half (/wiki/Half_hat) Halo (/wiki/Halo_hat) Juliet (/wiki/Juliet_cap) Mushroom (/wiki/Mushroom_hat) Lampshade (/wiki/Lampshade_hat) Picture (/wiki/Picture_hat) Peach (/wiki/Peach_basket_hat) Pillbox (/wiki/Pillbox_hat) Tam (/wiki/Tam_cap) Top (/wiki/Top_hat) Opera (/wiki/Opera_hat) Semi-formal (/wiki/Semi-formal_wear) Homburg (/wiki/Homburg_hat) Anthony Eden (/wiki/Anthony_Eden_hat) Boater (/wiki/Boater) Bowler (/wiki/Bowler_hat) Buntal (/wiki/Buntal_hat) Informal (/wiki/Informal_wear) Cabbage-tree (/wiki/Cabbage-tree_hat) Chupalla (/wiki/Chupalla) Fedora (/wiki/Fedora) Trilby (/wiki/Trilby) Flat (/wiki/Flat_cap) Coppola (/wiki/Coppola_cap) Newsboy (/wiki/Newsboy_cap) Panama (/wiki/Panama_hat) Pork pie (/wiki/Pork_pie_hat) Smoking (/wiki/Smoking_cap) Wideawake (/wiki/Wideawake_hat) Uniforms (/wiki/Uniform) Aviator (/wiki/Aviator_hat) Bearskin (/wiki/Bearskin) Bell-boy hat (/wiki/Bell-boy_hat) Bicorne (/wiki/Bicorne) Black (/wiki/Black_cap) Boonie (/wiki/Boonie_hat) Budenovka (/wiki/Budenovka) Busby (/wiki/Busby_(military_headdress)) Campaign (/wiki/Campaign_hat) Cap comforter (/wiki/Cap_comforter) Cappello Alpino (/wiki/Cappello_Alpino) Casquette d'Afrique (/wiki/Casquette_d%27Afrique) Caubeen (/wiki/Caubeen) Cavalry Stetson (/wiki/Cavalry_Stetson) Czapka (/wiki/Czapka) Doctoral (/wiki/Doctoral_hat) Feather bonnet (/wiki/Feather_bonnet) Forage (/wiki/Forage_cap) Karvalakki (/wiki/Karvalakki) Fur wedge (/wiki/Fur_wedge_cap) Hardee (/wiki/Hardee_hat) Jeep (/wiki/Jeep_cap) Kepi (/wiki/Kepi) Mazepynka (/wiki/Mazepynka) Nurse's (/wiki/Nurse%27s_cap) Maintenance (/wiki/Cap_of_maintenance) / Chapeau (/wiki/Chapeau) Military beret (/wiki/Military_beret) / Uniform beret (/wiki/Uniform_beret) Black (/wiki/Black_beret) Blue (/wiki/Blue_beret) Green (/wiki/Green_beret) Maroon (/wiki/Maroon_beret) Red (/wiki/Red_beret) Tan (/wiki/Tan_beret) Patrol (/wiki/Patrol_cap) Peaked (/wiki/Peaked_cap) Mariner's (/wiki/Mariner%27s_cap) Sailor (/wiki/Sailor_cap) Printer's (/wiki/Printer%27s_hat) Rogatywka (/wiki/Rogatywka) Shako (/wiki/Shako) Side (/wiki/Side_cap) Titovka (/wiki/Titovka_(cap)) Triglavka (/wiki/Triglavka) Ski (/wiki/Ski_cap) Slouch (/wiki/Slouch_hat) Sou'wester (/wiki/Sou%27wester) Student (/wiki/Student_cap) Faluche (/wiki/Faluche) Square academic (/wiki/Square_academic_cap) Tricorne (/wiki/Tricorne) Utility cover (/wiki/Utility_cover) Religious (/wiki/Religious_clothing) Christian (/wiki/Christian_clothing) Western (/wiki/Western_Christianity) Biretta (/wiki/Biretta) Canterbury (/wiki/Canterbury_cap) Camauro (/wiki/Camauro) Capirote (/wiki/Capirote) Cappello romano (/wiki/Cappello_romano) Capuchon (/wiki/Capuchon) Christening cap (/wiki/Christening_cap) Galero (/wiki/Galero) Head covering for Christian women (/wiki/Head_covering_for_Christian_women) Easter bonnet 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Makeup (/wiki/Makeup) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.canary‐6cbf6bc4cc‐gtgtz Cached time: 20240715082139 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.028 seconds Real time usage: 0.041 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 9/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 366/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.014/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627052/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 34.350 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 34.350 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:66146084-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715082139 and revision id 995146904. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Subcategories This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. A Make-up artists (/wiki/Category:Make-up_artists) ‎ (1 C, 53 P) Makeup awards (/wiki/Category:Makeup_awards) ‎ (2 C, 7 P) L Lipstick (/wiki/Category:Lipstick) ‎ (6 P) Pages in category "Makeup" The following 14 pages are in this category, out of 14 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . * Kabuki brush (/wiki/Kabuki_brush) Makeup (/wiki/Makeup) Makeup brush (/wiki/Makeup_brush) Powder puff (/wiki/Powder_puff) A Airbrush makeup (/wiki/Airbrush_makeup) B Beauty Bakerie (/wiki/Beauty_Bakerie) C Clé de Peau Beauté (/wiki/Cl%C3%A9_de_Peau_Beaut%C3%A9) H History of makeup in Japan (/wiki/History_of_makeup_in_Japan) K Kumadori (/wiki/Kumadori) L Lip liner (/wiki/Lip_liner) Lipstick (/wiki/Lipstick) M Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild (/wiki/Make-Up_Artists_and_Hair_Stylists_Guild) S Society of Makeup Artists (/wiki/Society_of_Makeup_Artists) T Thirteen Lune (/wiki/Thirteen_Lune) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Makeup&oldid=995146904 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Makeup&oldid=995146904) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cosmetics (/wiki/Category:Cosmetics)
English retail entrepreneur and investor This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Harold Tillman" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Harold+Tillman%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Harold+Tillman%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Harold+Tillman%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Harold+Tillman%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Harold+Tillman%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Harold+Tillman%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( March 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) For English explorer, see Bill Tilman (/wiki/Bill_Tilman) . Harold Tillman CBE Harold Tillman in 2013 Born ( 1945-10-15 ) 15 October 1945 (age 78) Education London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) Occupation Businessman Spouse Stephanie Children Mitchell, Meredith Harold Tillman CBE (/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire) (born 15 October 1945 [1] (#cite_note-Debretts-1) ) is an English retail entrepreneur and investor. He was formerly head of Jaeger (/wiki/Jaeger_(clothing)) and Aquascutum (/wiki/Aquascutum) , [2] (#cite_note-Covent_Garden_Journal-2) who was awarded CBE in 2010. [3] (#cite_note-3) Until September 2014, Tillman was chair of the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) . [4] (#cite_note-BoF_Amed-4) [5] (#cite_note-Independent_Gonsalves-5) In 2016, he became chair of the Ethical Fashion Group [6] (#cite_note-6) and in 2016 he was appointed Chair of Fashion Matters, London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) 's fundraising committee. [7] (#cite_note-Vogue_Karmali-7) In 2019, he was Chief Barker of Variety the children's charity. Most recently, in 2020, Tillman was appointed Enterprise and Business Advisor for the London College of Fashion. [8] (#cite_note-8) Early life [ edit ] Tillman was born into a Jewish family and grew up in south London. [9] (#cite_note-IB_Times_Thakur-9) He was the only child of a Yorkshire (/wiki/Yorkshire) -born tailor father who trained at Montague Burton (/wiki/Montague_Burton) 's, and a milliner (/wiki/Hatmaking) mother. [2] (#cite_note-Covent_Garden_Journal-2) [10] (#cite_note-10) As his father's business developed, the family moved to Streatham (/wiki/Streatham) and then Wimbledon (/wiki/Wimbledon,_London) , where Tillman went to Balham Central School for Boys. [ citation needed ] Career [ edit ] As his father had been injured in World War II and suffered poor health, Tillman ran the whole family business for extended periods. He left school at 15 to study to be an accountant, before becoming one of the first male students at the London College of Fashion in 1962. [11] (#cite_note-TiL1-11) [12] (#cite_note-LCF1-12) Aged 19, on graduation in 1965 he became an apprentice at Lincroft in Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) , becoming its managing director in 1966. Tillman acquired Kilgour, a Savile Row tailors, which he merged with Lincroft, forming Lincroft Kilgour plc. Aged 24 he floated Lincroft Kilgour on the London Stock Exchange (/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange) in 1969, becoming the youngest British person to float on the UK Stock Market. Tillman developed a business plan based around good design, employing a young Paul Smith (/wiki/Paul_Smith_(fashion_designer)) ; and using George Best (/wiki/George_Best) to promote the clothes. [11] (#cite_note-TiL1-11) Tillman sold out in 1974, as a multi millionaire aged 29. Under a UK non compete contract, he went to the USA and set up a fashion design business, and at the same time discovered the all new American Style Cocktail bars. He brought the concept to London, opening Rumours Cocktail Bars in Covent Garden (/wiki/Covent_Garden) . After the non-compete expired, Tillman made a full bid for Sumrie Clothes plc, a public company which was at the top end of menswear. The company was then trading at a loss and Tillman went into the business and successfully returned it to profits. He faced a takeover bid and accepted. In 1987, Tillman became Non-Executive Chairman of Honorbilt a Men’s Fashion Group. 2000 onwards [ edit ] Tillman led the buy out of BMB, a suits wholesaler that supplies Debenhams (/wiki/Debenhams) , Bhs (/wiki/British_Home_Stores) and other retail chains, from William Baird. [13] (#cite_note-RW_Holland-13) [14] (#cite_note-STAD2-14) Tillman returned to prominence with the 2002 majority investment in loss-making Jaeger (/wiki/Jaeger_(clothing)) , which he acquired from Richard Thompson. Tillman teamed up with Belinda Earl (/wiki/Belinda_Earl) . After buying Allders (/wiki/Allders) , a large department store in Croydon (/wiki/Croydon) in 2005, [15] (#cite_note-15) in 2009 the team bought Aquascutum (/wiki/Aquascutum) . [16] (#cite_note-JC-16) [11] (#cite_note-TiL1-11) On 16 April 2012 it was announced that Tillman had sold Jaeger to Jon Moulton's Better Capital for just under £20m with a "substantial majority" used to settle its debts. Tillman retains 10% of the shares. Tillman retains interests in restaurants, including First Restaurant Group – which includes The Waterway and The Clerk & Well – created with his son Mitchell Tillman. [17] (#cite_note-JC_Krieger-17) [18] (#cite_note-Big_Hospitality_Wingett-18) In 2008 Tillman was made an Honorary Professor of the University of Arts. Tillman was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (CBE) for services to the fashion industry in the 2010 Birthday Honours (/wiki/Birthday_Honours) . [19] (#cite_note-19) In 2014 he was awarded the Freedom of the City of London. In November 2020, he was appointed as London College of Fashion's Enterprise and Business Advisor. [20] (#cite_note-20) Charity and community [ edit ] In 2006, Tillman formed his own charity and set up a scholarship at the London College of Fashion (/wiki/London_College_of_Fashion) , pledging £1 million to sponsor 10 MA students each year. [12] (#cite_note-LCF1-12) He sits on the board of the Fashion Enterprise Forum (/w/index.php?title=Fashion_Enterprise_Forum&action=edit&redlink=1) , which raises cash for young industry entrepreneurs. Tillman was the longest serving Chairman of the British Fashion Council (/wiki/British_Fashion_Council) , a role he took over from Sir Stuart Rose (/wiki/Stuart_Rose) . [21] (#cite_note-21) Tillman chaired the Alumni Board for the University of the Arts London (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London) , [22] (#cite_note-22) and was also a Trustee of the V&A. In 2019, Tillman became Chief Barker of Variety the children's charity. Most recently, in 2020, he was appointed Enterprise and Business Advisor to the London College of Fashion (UAL). Personal life [ edit ] Tillman and his wife Stephanie live in Highgate (/wiki/Highgate) , North London (/wiki/North_London) . [14] (#cite_note-STAD2-14) The couple have two adult children. [11] (#cite_note-TiL1-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Debretts_1-0) Harold Tillman. "Harold Peter Tillman" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924051523/http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today/profile/23904/Harold-Peter-TILLMAN) . Debretts People of Today. Archived from the original (http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today/profile/23904/Harold-Peter-TILLMAN) on 24 September 2015 . Retrieved 14 April 2014 . ^ a b Staff (2012). "The Jaeger Meister" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140416180824/http://coventgardenjournal.com/content/jaeger-meister/extended) . Covent Garden Journal . Archived from the original (http://coventgardenjournal.com/content/jaeger-meister/extended) on 16 April 2014 . Retrieved 15 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "British Fashion Council Chairman Harold Tillman receives CBE - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8162362/British-Fashion-Council-Chairman-Harold-Tillman-receives-CBE.html) . fashion.telegraph.co.uk . Retrieved 29 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-BoF_Amed_4-0) Amed, Imran (18 September 2009). "CEO Talk \| Harold Tillman, Chairman, The British Fashion Council" (http://www.businessoffashion.com/2009/09/ceo-talk-harold-tillman-chairman-the-british-fashion-council.html) . The Business of Fashion . Retrieved 14 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Independent_Gonsalves_5-0) Gonsalves, Rebecca (19 September 2012). "Harold Tillman passes British Fashion Council baton to Natalie Massenet as London fashion week draws to a close" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/harold-tillman-passes-british-fashion-council-baton-to-natalie-massenet-as-london-fashion-week-draws-to-a-close-8156785.html) . The Independent . Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/harold-tillman-passes-british-fashion-council-baton-to-natalie-massenet-as-london-fashion-week-draws-to-a-close-8156785.html) from the original on 9 May 2022 . Retrieved 14 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Hounslea, Tara (30 September 2016). "Harold Tillman becomes Ethical Fashion Forum chairman" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/harold-tillman-becomes-ethical-fashion-forum-chairman) . Drapers . Retrieved 29 January 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_Karmali_7-0) Karmali, Sarah (7 May 2013). "Harold Tillman to chair LCF fundraising committee" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2013/05/07/harold-tillman-to-chair-london-college-of-fashion-fundraising-committee) . Vogue . Retrieved 15 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Byrne, Andrea (20 November 2020). "LCF appoints Harold Tillman as new business and enterprise advisor" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/people/lcf-appoints-harold-tillman-as-new-business-and-enterprise-advisor/2020112052084) . fashionunited.uk . Retrieved 14 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-IB_Times_Thakur_9-0) Thakur, Monami (27 November 2011). "BFC chairman Harold Tillman awarded CBE" (http://www.ibtimes.com/bfc-chairman-harold-tillman-awarded-cbe-248576) . International Business Times . Retrieved 15 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The Andrew Davidson Interview: Fashion's dandy plots bounce-back at Jaeger – Page1" (http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/article1061222.ece) . London: The Sunday Times. 18 January 2004 . Retrieved 23 September 2009 . ^ a b c d Blackhurst, Chris (9 September 2009). "Interview: Rag trade veteran whose aim is to spruce up Aquascutum" (http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard-business/article-23741638-interview-rag-trade-veteran-whose-aim-is-to-spruce-up-aquascutum.do;jsessionid=095C5DFCAAE888B8747ACF4AC69DB300) . This is London . Retrieved 23 September 2009 . ^ a b "Harold Tillman" (http://www.fashion.arts.ac.uk/27931.htm) . University of the Arts . Retrieved 23 September 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-RW_Holland_13-0) Holland, Tiffany (27 April 2012). "Profile: Harold Tillman, Jaeger chairman" (http://www.retail-week.com/people/profiles/profile-harold-tillman-jaeger-chairman/5036013.article) . Retail Week . Retrieved 15 April 2014 . ^ a b "The Andrew Davidson Interview: Fashion's dandy plots bounce-back at Jaeger – Page2" (http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/article1061222.ece?token=null&offset=12&page=2) . London: The Sunday Times. 18 January 2004 . Retrieved 23 September 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Murray-Watson, Andrew (6 May 2007). "Harold Tillman: the best dressed man on the High Street" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090804101833/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/harold-tillman-the-best-dressed-man-on-the-high-street-447589.html) . London: This Independent. Archived from the original (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/harold-tillman-the-best-dressed-man-on-the-high-street-447589.html) on 4 August 2009 . Retrieved 23 September 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-JC_16-0) "Jaeger boss Harold Tillman buys Aquascutum" (http://www.thejc.com/business/jaeger-boss-harold-tillman-buys-aquascutum%E2%80%8E) . Jewish Chronicle. 8 September 2009 . Retrieved 23 September 2009 . ^ (#cite_ref-JC_Krieger_17-0) Krieger, Candice (3 November 2011). "Tillman serves up food empire" (http://www.thejc.com/business/business-features/57635/tillman-serves-food-empire) . Jewish Chronicle . Retrieved 15 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Big_Hospitality_Wingett_18-0) Wingett, Mark (17 July 2013). "First Restaurant Group in private equity talks about Harry Morgan expansion" (http://www.bighospitality.co.uk/Business/First-Restaurant-Group-in-private-equity-talks-about-Harry-Morgan-expansion) . Big Hospitality . Retrieved 15 April 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) "No. 59446" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/59446/supplement/8) . The London Gazette (/wiki/The_London_Gazette) (Supplement). 12 June 2010. p. 8. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Conti, Samantha (19 November 2020). "Harold Tillman Joins London College of Fashion as Business Adviser" (https://wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/harold-tillman-joins-london-college-of-fashion-as-business-adviser-1234660114/) . WWD . Retrieved 14 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) "Fashion Photographer of the Year" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090328170157/http://www.clothesshowlondon.com/awards/fashion-photographer) . Clothes Show London. Archived from the original (http://www.clothesshowlondon.com/awards/fashion-photographer) on 28 March 2009. ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Harold Tillman" (http://www.drapersonline.com/news/harold-tillman/1874898.article) . Drapers Online. 26 September 2008 . Retrieved 23 September 2009 . External links [ edit ] Bio of Tillman (http://www.fashion.arts.ac.uk/27931.htm) at the University of the Arts London (/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London) British Fashion Council profile (http://www.britishfashioncouncil.co.uk/news_detail.aspx?ID=258) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐jjhvd Cached time: 20240714001229 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.463 seconds Real time usage: 0.874 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3121/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 56948/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2394/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 86804/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.284/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8401500/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 567.862 1 -total 37.39% 212.331 1 Template:Reflist 24.73% 140.437 1 Template:Infobox_person 21.45% 121.826 10 Template:Cite_web 13.00% 73.812 1 Template:Short_description 12.43% 70.601 1 Template:BLP_sources 11.18% 63.466 1 Template:Ambox 8.07% 45.852 11 Template:Cite_news 7.52% 42.717 2 Template:Pagetype 7.34% 41.705 4 Template:Br_separated_entries Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:24468304-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714001229 and revision id 1091082199. 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This article is about the perfume. For the magazine, see Égoïste (magazine) (/wiki/%C3%89go%C3%AFste_(magazine)) . Men's perfume by Chanel Égoïste Fragrance (/wiki/Perfume) by Jacques Polge (/wiki/Jacques_Polge) Released 1990 Label Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) Flanker(s) (/wiki/Flanker_(perfume)) Platinum Égoïste (/w/index.php?title=Platinum_Egoiste&action=edit&redlink=1) Website Égoïste at chanel.com (http://www.chanel.com/fr_FR/parfums-beaute/Parfums-%C3%89go%C3%AFste-90089) Égoïste is a men's perfume produced by French fashion house Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) . [1] (#cite_note-BusinessWeek_-_11_November_2011_-_Paris_retrospective_celebrates_ad_man_Goude-1) [2] (#cite_note-chanel.com_-_Égoïste_-_Chanel_Fragrance-2) It was created by perfumer Jacques Polge (/wiki/Jacques_Polge) . [3] (#cite_note-Philippine_Daily_Inquirer_-_18_June_2004_-_Master_of_redolence:_Jacques_Polge_is_the_nose_of_Chanel,_responsible_for_the_brand-3) The perfume was released in 1990. [4] (#cite_note-El_Universal_(Mexico_City)_-_30_January_2007_-_Mademoiselle_Chanel_rompió_esquemas-4) The word is French (/wiki/French_language) for "egoist" and "egotistic" (both noun and adjective), which means selfish or self-centered (person). Commercials for the perfume have been directed by Jean-Paul Goude (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Goude) . Product history [ edit ] Based on Bois des Îles (/wiki/Bois_des_%C3%8Eles) , Égoïste is the first male perfume with sandalwood oil (/wiki/Sandalwood_oil) as its main note. [ citation needed ] Another of its components is ambrette seed (/wiki/Ambrette_seed) . The fragrance's name when it was introduced domestically in the 1980s was Bois Noir, French for "Black Wood", a name that was originally used in the working stage. Prior to its 1990 international launch, the product was rebranded (/wiki/Rebranding) because Chanel's marketing department did not like the Bois Noir name. The company had to purchase the rights to use the Égoïste name from photography magazine publisher Nicole Wisniak. [5] (#cite_note-jpolgehint-5) Advertising [ edit ] The centerpiece of Chanel's advertising campaign to launch Égoïste first in Europe in April 1990 and in the United States one year later was "Le Carlton", [6] (#cite_note-carlton_en_chanel-6) a 30-second commercial in French without subtitles, directed by Jean-Paul Goude (/wiki/Jean-Paul_Goude) and costing more than $1 million. [7] (#cite_note-Kanner-7) [8] (#cite_note-Foltz-8) It was filmed in a desert outside of Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) . A stucco facade inspired by that of the InterContinental Carlton Cannes Hotel (/wiki/InterContinental_Carlton_Cannes_Hotel) was constructed by 300 workers in less than four weeks. [ citation needed ] Its primary feature was 36 balconies (/wiki/Balcony) situated four high and nine wide, each with shuttered doors. With " Dance of the Knights (/wiki/Dance_of_the_Knights) " from Sergei Prokofiev (/wiki/Sergei_Prokofiev) 's ballet Romeo and Juliet as its background music, the film opens in black-and-white with a sequence of women dressed in ball gowns shouting lines adapted from Pierre Corneille's tragicomic play Le Cid (/wiki/Le_Cid) : [7] (#cite_note-Kanner-7) Égoïste. Où es-tu? Montre-toi misérable! Prends garde à mon courroux! Je serai implacable! Ô rage! Ô désespoir! Ô mon amour trahi! N'ai-je donc tant vécu que pour cette infamie? Montre toi, Égoïste! (Egoist. Where are you? Show yourself, miserable one! Beware of my wrath! I will be relentless! O anger! O despair! O my betrayed love! Have I lived so long for this infamy? Show yourself, Egoist!) [a] (#cite_note-11) The ad won a Gold Lion award at the International Advertising Festival (/wiki/International_Advertising_Festival) held at Cannes. [7] (#cite_note-Kanner-7) [11] (#cite_note-Lazarus-12) Égoïste's sales exceeded initial projections by 35 to 40 percent fifteen months after the international launch. [11] (#cite_note-Lazarus-12) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-11) The original lines from Act 1, Scene 4 of the play are, "Ô rage! Ô désespoir! Ô viellesse ennemie! N'ai-je donc tant vécu que pour cette infamie?" ("O anger! O despair! O age my enemy! Have I lived simply to know this infamy?"). [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-BusinessWeek_-_11_November_2011_-_Paris_retrospective_celebrates_ad_man_Goude_1-0) Barchfield, Jenny (11 November 2011). "Paris retrospective celebrates ad man Goude" (https://archive.today/20131025111516/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9QUL8881.htm) . BusinessWeek (/wiki/BusinessWeek) . Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original (http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9QUL8881.htm) on 25 October 2013 . Retrieved 25 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-chanel.com_-_Égoïste_-_Chanel_Fragrance_2-0) "Égoïste - Chanel Fragrance" (http://www.chanel.com/en_US/fragrance-beauty/Fragrance-%C3%89go%C3%AFste-88418) . Chanel . Retrieved 25 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Philippine_Daily_Inquirer_-_18_June_2004_-_Master_of_redolence:_Jacques_Polge_is_the_nose_of_Chanel,_responsible_for_the_brand_3-0) Burgos, Rowena (18 June 2004). "Master of redolence: Jacques Polge is the nose of Chanel, responsible for the brand's hit scents" (https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Ulc1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=iSUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1868,1320623&dq=chanel+egoiste+polge&hl=en) . Philippine Daily Inquirer (/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer) . Retrieved 25 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-El_Universal_(Mexico_City)_-_30_January_2007_-_Mademoiselle_Chanel_rompió_esquemas_4-0) Ramírez, Claudia (30 January 2007). "Mademoiselle Chanel rompió esquemas" (http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estilos/52020.html) . El Universal (/wiki/El_Universal_(Mexico_City)) (in Spanish) . Retrieved 25 October 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-jpolgehint_5-0) Gaboué, Stéphane. "Q&A with Legendary Chanel Perfumer Jacques Polge," Hint (web fashion magazine), Thursday, September 2, 2010. (http://hintmag.com/post/qampa-with-the-legendary-chanel-perfumer-jacques-polge--september-02-2010) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171203153919/http://hintmag.com/post/qampa-with-the-legendary-chanel-perfumer-jacques-polge--september-02-2010) December 3, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved December 2, 2017 ^ (#cite_ref-carlton_en_chanel_6-0) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYJW6VK2vjg (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYJW6VK2vjg) English-dubbed version of the French original ^ a b c Kanner, Bernice (18 March 1991). "Scents of Accomplishment: Society and Égoïste" (https://books.google.com/books?id=DukCAAAAMBAJ&q=%22le+cid%22+egoiste) . New York Magazine . pp. 20–21. ^ (#cite_ref-Foltz_8-0) Foltz, Kim (5 March 1991). "New Chanel Men's Scent Gets Provocative Campaign" (https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/05/business/the-media-business-advertising-new-chanel-men-s-scent-gets-provocative-campaign.html) . The New York Times . p. D22. ^ (#cite_ref-9) " (http://www.crdp-strasbourg.fr/je_lis_libre/livres/Corneille_LeCid.pdf) Le Cid de Pierre Corneille" (http://www.crdp-strasbourg.fr/je_lis_libre/livres/Corneille_LeCid.pdf) (PDF) . Retrieved December 4, 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) " (http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/French/LeCidActI.php) Le Cid by Pierre Corneille" (http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/French/LeCidActI.php) . Poetry in Translation . Retrieved December 4, 2017 . ^ a b Lazarus, George (26 June 1991). "Chanel's Egoiste Doubles Its Appeal" (http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-06-26/business/9102260237_1_egoiste-chanel-boutiques-arie-kopelman) . Chicago Tribune . v t e Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) Owners Alain Wertheimer (/wiki/Alain_Wertheimer) Gérard Wertheimer (/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Wertheimer) Jacques Wertheimer (/wiki/Jacques_Wertheimer) Pierre Wertheimer (/wiki/Pierre_Wertheimer) Designers Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel) Karl Lagerfeld (/wiki/Karl_Lagerfeld) Virginie Viard (/wiki/Virginie_Viard) Perfumers Ernest Beaux (/wiki/Ernest_Beaux) Jacques Polge (/wiki/Jacques_Polge) Olivier Polge (/wiki/Olivier_Polge) Henri Robert (/wiki/Henri_Robert) Perfumes Bleu de Chanel (/wiki/Bleu_de_Chanel) Bois des Îles (/wiki/Bois_des_%C3%8Eles) Chanel No. 5 (/wiki/Chanel_No._5) Chanel No. 19 (/wiki/Chanel_No._19) Chanel No. 22 (/wiki/Chanel_No._22) Chanel Chance (/wiki/Chanel_Chance) Coco (/wiki/Coco_(perfume)) Coco Mademoiselle (/wiki/Coco_Mademoiselle) Cuir de Russie (/wiki/Cuir_de_Russie) Égoïste Garments Little black dress (/wiki/Little_black_dress) Jacqueline Kennedy's pink Chanel suit (/wiki/Pink_Chanel_suit_of_Jacqueline_Bouvier_Kennedy) Other products Chanel 2.55 handbag (/wiki/Chanel_2.55) Chanel J12 watch (/wiki/Chanel_J12) Films Chanel Solitaire (/wiki/Chanel_Solitaire) Coco Before Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Before_Chanel) Coco Chanel (/wiki/Coco_Chanel_(film)) Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (/wiki/Coco_Chanel_%26_Igor_Stravinsky) No. 5 the Film (/wiki/No._5_the_Film) Musical Coco (/wiki/Coco_(musical)) Book The Allure of Chanel (/wiki/The_Allure_of_Chanel) Related Mousse Partners (/wiki/Mousse_Partners) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐xmx5g Cached time: 20240713191435 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.313 seconds Real time usage: 0.412 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1575/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 37752/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2799/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 48323/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.206/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5356562/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 371.595 1 -total 34.52% 128.256 2 Template:Reflist 23.24% 86.365 5 Template:Cite_news 19.55% 72.638 1 Template:Chanel 19.08% 70.897 1 Template:Navbox 13.72% 50.983 1 Template:About 10.63% 39.504 2 Template:Citation_needed 8.91% 33.125 2 Template:Fix 8.91% 33.104 1 Template:Infobox_fragrance 8.41% 31.239 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40887950-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713191435 and revision id 1212719288. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Égoïste&oldid=1212719288 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Égoïste&oldid=1212719288) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Perfumes (/wiki/Category:Perfumes) Chanel perfumes (/wiki/Category:Chanel_perfumes) History of cosmetics (/wiki/Category:History_of_cosmetics) Products introduced in 1990 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1990) 20th-century perfumes (/wiki/Category:20th-century_perfumes) Hidden categories: CS1 Spanish-language sources (es) (/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)) Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2021) Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2018)
Traditional Chinese skirts Qun A style of Han Chinese (/wiki/Han_Chinese) qun, Qing dynasty, 19th century, from the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art) Chinese name Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 裙 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%99) Literal meaning Skirt Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Qún Yue: Cantonese (/wiki/Cantonese) Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) kwan4 Chang Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) 裳 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%B3) Transcriptions English name English Apron Qun ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 裙 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%99) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : qún ; Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) : kwan4 ; lit. 'skirt'), referred as chang ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 裳 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%B3) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : cháng ) prior to the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) , [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) chang ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 常 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8) ) and xiachang ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 下常 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%B8%B8) ), [2] (#cite_note-:8-2) and sometimes referred as an apron , [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) is a generic term which refers to the Chinese skirts (/wiki/Skirt) used in Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) , especially those worn as part of ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) , and in Xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) . The qun and its predecessor, the chang , along with the upper garment called yi (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) and the trousers called ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) , are all indigenous clothing of the Zhongyuan (/wiki/Zhongyuan) , which conformed to the fashion style of the Chinese civilization in ancient times. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) Both the qun and the chang , were both typically in the form of a wrap-around skirt like an apron. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) However, throughout Chinese history, the chang eventually evolved into the qun ; [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) and the qun evolved in diverse shapes, styles, and construction throughout the succeeding dynasties. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) : 144 The qun continued to exist even in the Republic of China (/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)) . [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Several forms of ancient-style qun regained popularity in the 21st century following the Hanfu movement (/wiki/Hanfu_Movement) ; this also inspired the development of new styles of qun with modern aesthetics and shapes. [7] (#cite_note-:11-7) Terminology [ edit ] In a broad sense, the Chinese character qun 《裙 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%99) 》is a synonym for the word qunzi ( 裙子 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%99%E5%AD%90) ; qúnzi ); both of these are generic words for skirts (/wiki/Skirt) in China (/wiki/China) . In ancient China, the Chinese character chang 《裳 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%B3) 》can refer to "lower garments," which included both the trousers called ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) and the qun skirt also called chang which also use the same character《裳》. The term qun with the Chinese character《帬 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%AC) 》also referred to skirt . [8] (#cite_note-:12-8) According to the Fangyan (/wiki/Fangyan_(book)) , the qun 《帬》was called pei 《帔 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%94) 》in the area of Wei and Chen; it was also called bai 《襬 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%AC) 》by some people from the east of the Pass. [8] (#cite_note-:12-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) The Shuowen jiezi (/wiki/Shuowen_jiezi) also explains that the term qun which uses the character《帬》is the same as the term xiachang which uses the characters《下 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B) 常 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8) 》. [10] (#cite_note-10) It also explains that the chang , which uses the Chinese character《常 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%B8) 》, is a skirt by using the term xiaqun with the characters《下 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B) 帬 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%AC) 》. [11] (#cite_note-:1-11) : 203 [12] (#cite_note-12) There are also specific terms which are related to the qun , such as chenqun ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 衬裙 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A1%AC%E8%A3%99) ; lit. 'inner skirt / petticoat (/wiki/Petticoat) ') and danqun . The danqun is a generic term which refers to unlined skirts. [13] (#cite_note-:10-13) : 36 The chenqun is a generic term which typically refer to a form of inner skirt. History [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qun&action=edit&section=) . ( June 2022 ) Main article: Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) In the ancient times, the qun was referred as chang and existed even prior to the creation of the trousers called ku (/wiki/Ku_(trousers)) . [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) The chang appeared on unearthed artifacts dating as early as the Shang dynasty (/wiki/Shang_dynasty) ; the chang eventually evolved into what became known as the qun . [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) Warring states period and Qin dynasty [ edit ] In the Warring States period (/wiki/Warring_States_period) , men could also wear short skirts similar to a kilt (/wiki/Kilt) . [14] (#cite_note-14) : 166 Han dynasty [ edit ] Several wrap-over qun were found in the Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) tombs. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) : 144 The zhejianqun ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 褶 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A4%B6) 裥 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%A5) 裙 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%99) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : zhějiǎnqúnqún ; lit. 'pleated skirt') first appeared in the Eastern Han dynasty (/wiki/Han_dynasty) . [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) According to the story, however, the wearing of short skirts with pleats (/wiki/Pleat) first appeared in the Western Han dynasty when Feng Wufang saved Zhao Feiyan (/wiki/Zhao_Feiyan) from falling; but while saving her, her skirt had been ripped. [15] (#cite_note-15) : 165 This led to the creation of a long excessively pleated-style zhejianqun , called liuxianqun , which was inspired by the ripped skirt of Zhao Feiyan and became popular. [16] (#cite_note-16) Song dynasty [ edit ] After the Sui and Tang dynasty, the pleats which were used in the zhejianqun increased in numbers, from a few dozens to over one hundred forming the baizhequn . [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) The tomb of Huang Sheng contains various forms of qun , such as the liangpianqun and the baizhequn . [17] (#cite_note-17) : 121 Yuan dynasty [ edit ] The baizhequn continued to be worn in the Yuan dynasty (/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) . [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) Qing dynasty [ edit ] The qun continued to be worn in the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) . [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) In this period, the qun worn by the Han Chinese were often mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) which featured pleats (/wiki/Pleat) and embroideries (/wiki/Embroidery) at the panels and decorative borders. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) : 144 The late Qing dynasty qun were also heavier compared to those worn in the earlier times as they were weighted by the embroideries and pleats. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) : 144 Republic of China [ edit ] During the early period of the Republic of China (/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)) , people in Beijing (/wiki/Beijing) continued to wear the clothing worn in the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) . [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Women continued to wear the qun ; however, the qun had evolved in style and had become shorter. [6] (#cite_note-:3-6) Types and styles in Hanfu [ edit ] The qun can also have specific names based on the styles, design and constructions, the number of pleats and colours. In Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) , the qun can be used in set of attire, such as the ruqun (/wiki/Ruqun) , qungua (/wiki/Qungua) , xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) . In some dynasties, the qun could be found very long and was tied under the armpits either below or above the bust regions; [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) : 144 for example, in the qixiong ruqun (/wiki/Qixiong_ruqun) . In other dynasties, the qun could be tied at the waist level. [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) Poqun [ edit ] Poqun ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 破裙 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E8%A3%99) ; lit. 'broken skirt') are a form of qun which are made out of several panel of fabric sewn together instead of using a single piece of cloth, [7] (#cite_note-:11-7) similar to a gore (/wiki/Gore_(fabrics)) skirt. Danqun and chenqun [ edit ] See also: Maweiqun (/wiki/Maweiqun) A four-panel danqun made of thin silk, Mawangdui tomb No.1, Western Han dynasty In the Qin and Han dynasties, the danqun were made out of four panel of fabrics which were sewn together. [13] (#cite_note-:10-13) : 36 The upper parts were narrower than the lower parts; and there were also two pieces in the middle were also narrower than those which were found at the sides of the danqun . [13] (#cite_note-:10-13) : 36 It was most often found with a belt attached to it; however some women preferred to use a separate belt. [13] (#cite_note-:10-13) : 36 The four-panel poqun , as the one found in the Mawangdui (/wiki/Mawangdui) tomb No.1 dating from the Western Han dynasty, was used as a form of chenqun ( 衬裙 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A1%AC%E8%A3%99) ) and was usually worn over the zhijupao (/wiki/Shenyi) or under the qujupao (/wiki/Shenyi) . [2] (#cite_note-:8-2) This form of poqun also had a waist belt which was sewed at the upper part of the skirt and both ends of the waist belt would extend to form the ties. [18] (#cite_note-18) Jiansequn [ edit ] Jiansequn ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 間色裙 ; lit. 'inter-coloured skirt') are a form of poqun made of alternative strips of fabric of two different colours sewn together. [19] (#cite_note-19) : 289 Its structure can be traced back to the late Northern Wei dynasty and continued to be used until the Five dynasties and Ten kingdoms period. [20] (#cite_note-:13-20) This form of skirt was high-waist during the Sui and the Tang dynasties and were characteristics clothing for women during this time period. [20] (#cite_note-:13-20) The evolution process of the Jiansequn reflects the multiculturalism context, the cultural exchange, and the cultural integration which occurred between the Han Chinese, the northern ethnic minority culture, and the culture of the Western regions which occurred from the late Northern Wei dynasty to the Sui and Tang dynasties. [20] (#cite_note-:13-20) The design of the skirt thus reflects the gradual integration of Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) and Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) . [20] (#cite_note-:13-20) Various forms of Jiansequn A waist-length Jiansequn , former Qin A floor-length jiansequn tied above the bust-level, Tang dynasty. Zhejianqun [ edit ] Zhejianqun made of gauze, Southern Song dynasty (/wiki/Song_dynasty) . Pleated skirts are called zhejianqun ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 褶 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A4%B6) 裥 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%A5) 裙 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%99) ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : zhějiǎnqúnqún ; lit. 'pleated skirt'). [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) [21] (#cite_note-:9-21) There are several forms of zhejianqun , such as the baizhequn ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 百褶裙 ), [21] (#cite_note-:9-21) and the baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) . Zhejianqun used in qungua (/wiki/Qungua) Zhejianqun used in qungua , c.1928 Zhejianqun used in qungua is closed with a zipper, c.1928 Baizhequn [ edit ] Baizhequn is a form of wrap-around skirt which was tied at the waist level; it consisted of over 100 pleats in numbers. [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) Each pleats were fixed to the waistband of the skirt and each pleats had the same width. [1] (#cite_note-:7-1) Mamianqun and its variant [ edit ] Main article: Mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) The mamianqun was a wrap-around skirt composed of two overlapping panels of fabric which was tied at the waist level. It was characterized with a flat front and pleats on the two sides. The yulinqun ( lit. 'fish-scale skirt' [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) ) was a variant of the mamianqun and featured small pleats which gave a ripple effects. [5] (#cite_note-:5-5) : 144 The early prototypes of the mamianqun was the baidiequn (/wiki/Baidiequn) and the liangpianqun . A derivative of the mamianqun is the skirt used in the Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) , which is also called mamianqun . [note 1] (#cite_note-22) Various styles of mamianqun and its derivatives Standard mamianqun (/wiki/Mamianqun) , Qing dynasty Yulinqun , Qing dynasty, late 19th century Yulin baizhequn , Qing dynasty Yuehuaqun (月華裙) Langanqun Mamianqun used in the Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) , a derivative of the Qing dynasty mamianqun. Mangchu [ edit ] Main articles: Traditional Chinese wedding dress (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_wedding_dress) and Mangfu (/wiki/Mangfu) Mangchu with mang (front view) Mangchu with mang (side view) Mangchu with Chinese dragons (/wiki/Chinese_dragons) Mangchu, Qing dynasty The mangchu skirt, sometimes literally translated as "Dragon skirt" in English, was a skirt decorated with Chinese dragons (/wiki/Chinese_dragon) and/or Chinese phoenixes (/wiki/Fenghuang) or with mang (/wiki/Mangfu) ( lit. 'python'). [22] (#cite_note-:6-23) The mangchu could typically vary in colour; however, red and green were the most common colours used. The mangchu was typically paired with the mangao jacket (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) . [22] (#cite_note-:6-23) During the Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) , the mangchu was worn by Han Chinese women; it was typically worn by the wives of Chinese noblemen or wives of high-ranking Qing officials as part of their quasi-official formal clothing attire on ceremonial occasions when their husband would be wearing the Qing dynasty court robe attire. [22] (#cite_note-:6-23) Wives of the Qing dynasty officials also wore the mangchu as part of their wedding attire and as their burial attire. [22] (#cite_note-:6-23) Shiliqun [ edit ] The shiliqun ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 石榴 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A6%B4) 裙 (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%99) ; lit. 'pomegranate red') was a red skirt which was especially popular in the Tang dynasty. Shiliuqun (石榴裙) Imperial and court attire [ edit ] Various form of qun used in imperial and court attire Types and styles in Xifu [ edit ] Zhejianqun used in xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) , Qing dynasty (/wiki/Qing_dynasty) , 18th century The qun was also used as a costume item in xifu (/wiki/Xifu_(Costume)) . There are several forms of qun which are used as xifu by performing Chinese opera actors, which include the: Huadanqun ( lit. ' flower female skirt ' ) [23] (#cite_note-:0-24) : 34 is worn with an ao (/wiki/Ru_(upper_garment)) by a huadan (/wiki/Dan_role#Hua_Dan) . [23] (#cite_note-:0-24) : 293 Tongqun ( lit. ' tube skirt ' ): a skirt which has the shape of a tube; it is often worn as outer-skirt being worn over an inner skirt, which could be pleated skirt. [23] (#cite_note-:0-24) : 293 Similar forms [ edit ] Chima (/wiki/Chima_(clothing)) – Korean equivalent See also [ edit ] Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) List of Hanfu (/wiki/List_of_Hanfu) Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Bixi (/wiki/Bixi_(clothing)) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-22) See page Xiuhefu (/wiki/Xiuhefu) for references and detailed explanation References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h "Smoke-colored lined pleated skirt of thin gauze" (http://61.187.53.122/collection.aspx?id=2374&lang=en) . Hunan Museum . 2022 . Retrieved 2022-06-23 . ^ a b "Juanqun" (http://61.187.53.122/Collection.aspx?id=1381&lang=zh-CN) 绢裙 . Hunan Museum (in Chinese). 2022 . Retrieved 2022-06-23 . ^ a b "Skirt (China)" (https://collection.cooperhewitt.org/objects/18563133/) . Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum . Retrieved 2022-06-22 . ^ a b c d e Xu, Rui; Sparks, Diane (2011-01-01). "Symbolism and Evolution of Ku-form in Chinese Costume" (https://doi.org/10.1108/RJTA-15-01-2011-B002) . Research Journal of Textile and Apparel . 15 (1): 11–21. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1108/RJTA-15-01-2011-B002 (https://doi.org/10.1108%2FRJTA-15-01-2011-B002) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 1560-6074 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1560-6074) . ^ a b c d e f Dusenberry, Mary M. (2004). Flowers, dragons and pine trees : Asian textiles in the Spencer Museum of Art . Carol Bier, Helen Foresman Spencer Museum of Art (1st ed.). New York: Hudson Hills Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-55595-238-0 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 55016186 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55016186) . ^ a b c d "Traditional Beijing Costumes" (http://en.chinaculture.org/library/2008-01/28/content_69982_3.htm) . en.chinaculture.org . 2008. pp. 2–3 . Retrieved 2022-06-20 . ^ a b "How to Choose a Slim Hanfu? - 2022" (https://www.newhanfu.com/3670.html) . www.newhanfu.com . 2020-03-17 . Retrieved 2022-06-24 . ^ a b Cheung, Kam-Siu (2016-04-14). "30. Lexicography". In Chan, Sin-Wai (ed.). The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language . Taylor & Francis. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.4324/9781315675541 (https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315675541) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781317382492 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Fang Yan :《第四》" (https://ctext.org/fang-yan/di-si) . ctext.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)) . Retrieved 2022-06-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Shuo Wen Jie Zi : 卷八 : 巾部" (https://ctext.org/shuo-wen-jie-zi/jin-bu1) . ctext.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)) . Retrieved 2022-06-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_11-0) Carr, David; Cheung, Chan-Fai (18 October 2004). Space, Time, and Culture . Canhui Zhang, Chan-Fai Cheung, David Carr. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781402028236 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 853261045 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/853261045) . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Michael, Thomas (2021). Philosophical Enactment and Bodily Cultivation in Early Daoism In the Matrix of the Daodejing . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9781350236677 . ^ a b c d Zang, Yingchun; 臧迎春. (2003). Zhongguo chuan tong fu shi (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55895164) 中国传统服饰 [ Chinese traditional costumes and ornaments ]. 李竹润., 王德华., 顾映晨. (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing: Wu zhou chuan bo chu ban she [五洲传播出版社]. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 7-5085-0279-5 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 55895164 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55895164) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Xu, Zhuoyun (2012). China : a new cultural history . Timothy Danforth Baker, Michael S. Duke. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-231-15920-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 730906510 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/730906510) . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Milburn, Olivia (2021). The Empress in the Pepper Chamber Zhao Feiyan in History and Fiction . Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9780295748764 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1238129666 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1238129666) . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Yao, Ping (2022). Women, gender and sexuality in China : a brief history (First ed.). Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-315-62726-7 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1273727859 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1273727859) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher) ) ^ (#cite_ref-17) 5000 years of Chinese costumes . Xun Zhou, Chunming Gao, 周汛, Shanghai Shi xi qu xue xiao. Zhongguo fu zhuang shi yan jiu zu. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. 1987. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8351-1822-3 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 19814728 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19814728) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Thin silk skirt" (http://61.187.53.122/Collection.aspx?id=1381&lang=en) . Hunan Museum . Retrieved 2022-06-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) China : dawn of a golden age, 200-750 AD . James C. Y. Watt, Prudence Oliver Harper, Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2004. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-58839-126-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 55846475 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55846475) . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : CS1 maint: others ( link (/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others) ) ^ a b c d Shi, Meihua (2018). "窄袖高腰间色裙源流考--《陕西师范大学》2018年硕士论文" (https://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10718-1018229615.htm) . cdmd.cnki.com.cn . 陕西师范大学 . Retrieved 2022-08-18 . ^ a b "Yanse chanzhihehualuo zhejianqun" (http://61.187.53.122/collection.aspx?id=2374&lang=zh-CN) 烟色缠枝荷花罗褶裥裙 [Smoke-colored lined pleated skirt of thin gauze]. Hunan Museum (in Chinese). 2022 . Retrieved 2022-06-23 . ^ a b c d Garrett, Valery (2012). Chinese Dress : From the Qing Dynasty to the Present . New York: Tuttle Pub. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4629-0694-9 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 794664023 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794664023) . ^ a b c Ye, Tan (2020). Historical dictionary of Chinese theater (Second ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-5381-2064-4 . OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 1128888776 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1128888776) . v t e Traditional Han Chinese clothing (/wiki/Hanfu) Characteristics Garment and neckline (list) (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu) Jiaoling youren (/wiki/Garment_collars_in_Hanfu#Cross-collars) Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) Fastening Pankou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Chinese button knot (/wiki/Chinese_button_knot) Zimukou (/wiki/Frog_(fastening)) Styles Baoyi bodai (/wiki/Paofu#Baoyi_bodai) Shangjian xiafeng (/wiki/Ruqun#Shangjian_xiafeng) Fuyao (/wiki/Fuyao_(fashion)) Hufu (/wiki/Hufu) List of hanfu (/wiki/List_of_hanfu) Textile decoration and craft Diancui (/wiki/Tian-tsui) Chinese knotting (/wiki/Chinese_knotting) Chinese embroidery (/wiki/Chinese_embroidery) Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list) (/wiki/Chinese_auspicious_ornaments_in_textile_and_clothing) Xiangyun (/wiki/Xiangyun_(Auspicious_clouds)) Lishui (sea-waves) (/wiki/Lishui_(sea-waves)) Mandarin square 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(/wiki/List_of_Hanfu_headwear) Guan (/wiki/Guan_(headwear)) Mianguan (/wiki/Mianguan) Fengguan (/wiki/Fengguan) Futou (/wiki/Futou) Tang official headwear (/wiki/Tang_official_headwear) Song official headwear (/wiki/Song_official_headwear) Mao Humao (/wiki/Humao) Damao (/wiki/Damao_(hat)) Liangmao (/wiki/Liangmao) Weimao (/wiki/Weimao) Jin Fujin (/wiki/Fujin_(headgear)) Wangjin (/wiki/Wangjin) Hairpin Chinese hairpin (/wiki/Chinese_hairpin) Buyao (/wiki/Buyao) Comb Shubi (/wiki/Shubi_(comb)) Veil Honggaitou (/wiki/Honggaitou) Mili (/wiki/Mili_(veil)) Footwear (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_footwear) Xiuhuaxie (/wiki/Xiuhuaxie) Tiger-head shoes (/wiki/Tiger-head_shoes) Lotus shoes (/wiki/Lotus_shoes) Accessories (list) (/wiki/Hanfu_accessories) Head Lingzi (/wiki/Lingzi) Neck Yingluo (/wiki/Yingluo_(ornament)) Yunjian (/wiki/Yunjian) Fangxingquling (/wiki/Tongtianguanfu) Shoulders Pibo (/wiki/Pibo) Xiapei (/wiki/Xiapei) Chest Yajin (/wiki/Yajin) Waist Yaoqun (/wiki/Yaoqun) Lap Bixi 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This template does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) : Infoboxes (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Infoboxes) This template is within the scope of WikiProject Infoboxes (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Infoboxes) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Infoboxes (/wiki/Infoboxes) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Infoboxes) and see a list of open tasks. Infoboxes Wikipedia:WikiProject Infoboxes Template:WikiProject Infoboxes Infoboxes articles Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This template is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Alternate_version,_or_change_the_color?-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z-Alternate_version,_or_change_the_color?","h-No_color?-Alternate_version,_or_change_the_color?-2021-07-24T16:40:00.000Z"],"text":"Alternate version, or change the color?","linkableTitle":"Alternate version, or change the color?"} Alternate version, or change the color? [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Alternate_version,_or_change_the_color?-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z-Alternate_version,_or_change_the_color?","h-No_color?-Alternate_version,_or_change_the_color?-2021-07-24T16:40:00.000Z"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-08-02T01:49:00.000Z-Philoserf-2021-07-24T16:43:00.000Z","timestamp":"2021-08-02T01:49:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__10__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Alternate_version,_or_change_the_color?-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z-Alternate_version,_or_change_the_color?","h-No_color?-Alternate_version,_or_change_the_color?-2021-07-24T16:40:00.000Z"],"text":"Alternate version, or change the color?","linkableTitle":"Alternate version, or change the color?"} Hi! I don’t know if anyone’s reading this talk page but I’m wondering, as a total template noob, whether it’s possible to create an alternative version or even just adjust this one, to have a subtler color. The pink is very loud and while I think it’s a fun color, it overshadows some of the images of fragrances. Opinions anyone? Innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Innisfree987) ) 16:05, 19 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z-Alternate_version,_or_change_the_color?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z","author":"Innisfree987","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z-Alternate_version,_or_change_the_color?","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:22:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z"]}} Using the sandbox and the MOS guidelines for color accessibility (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility/Colors) , I switched in a #FFE2E2, a more muted shade of pale pink/beige. You can check it out in the test case for this template (/wiki/Template:Infobox_fragrance/testcases) . I personally find it distracts less from the bottle photo, but I am totally open to alternative options. Innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Innisfree987) ) 20:22, 20 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:22:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-20T20:22:00.000Z","author":"Innisfree987","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:22:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:05:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:31:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:22:00.000Z"]}} I do think a paler color noticeably improves legibility. Innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Innisfree987) ) 20:31, 20 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:31:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:22:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-20T20:31:00.000Z","author":"Innisfree987","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:31:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:22:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T14:29:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:31:00.000Z"]}} Now trying #FFE4C8, a more peach shade—perhaps more gender-neutral? Innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Innisfree987) ) 14:29, 21 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T14:29:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:31:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-21T14:29:00.000Z","author":"Innisfree987","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T14:29:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T20:31:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T21:27:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T14:29:00.000Z"]}} Hi Philoserf‬ (/wiki/User:Philoserf) , I noticed that you had edited a couple fragrance pages recently (and I can’t find many others who have!), so in the interests of not altering everyone’s infoboxes unilaterally, I wanted to see if you had any reactions to the idea of changing the color (or the color bars could be removed entirely.) FWIW it does seem the current color is probably not up to snuff for accessibility (per MOS, it’s too dark for unclicked links to remain legible). Anyway, welcome your thoughts if you have any! Current draft is here: Template:Infobox_fragrance/testcases (/wiki/Template:Infobox_fragrance/testcases) Innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Innisfree987) ) 21:27, 21 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T21:27:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T14:29:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-21T21:27:00.000Z","author":"Innisfree987","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T21:27:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T14:29:00.000Z","replies":["c-Philoserf-2021-07-21T22:17:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T21:27:00.000Z"]}} Greetings. I have a maintenance routine and many of the articles I visit are not in WikiProjects I focus upon. And, while I have some rudimentary template experience, I am not a specialist there. I doubt I would be helpful. Thanks for noticing my WP:GNOMEic (/wiki/Wikipedia:GNOME) presence innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) . —¿philoserf? (/wiki/User:Philoserf) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Philoserf) ) 22:17, 21 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Philoserf-2021-07-21T22:17:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T21:27:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-21T22:17:00.000Z","author":"Philoserf","type":"comment","level":6,"id":"c-Philoserf-2021-07-21T22:17:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T21:27:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T22:20:00.000Z-Philoserf-2021-07-21T22:17:00.000Z"],"displayName":"\u2014\u00bfphiloserf?"}} Aha! Well extra thanks for gnoming outside your main interests Philoserf (/wiki/User:Philoserf) , much appreciated. Innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Innisfree987) ) 22:20, 21 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T22:20:00.000Z-Philoserf-2021-07-21T22:17:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-21T22:20:00.000Z","author":"Innisfree987","type":"comment","level":7,"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T22:20:00.000Z-Philoserf-2021-07-21T22:17:00.000Z","replies":[]}} No color? [ edit ] Now testing a version with the color removed. Ultimately I think this is probably preferable but it would require other adjustments to the formatting to work visually. Therefore my vote for now is to switch to the pale peach shade as a neutral option and consider a broader revision or a new template to make all the necessary adjustments to have a template without color bars. Innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Innisfree987) ) 16:40, 24 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Innisfree987-2021-07-24T16:40:00.000Z-No_color?) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-24T16:40:00.000Z","author":"Innisfree987","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-07-24T16:40:00.000Z-No_color?","replies":["c-Philoserf-2021-07-24T16:43:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-24T16:40:00.000Z"]}} I too, prefer no color. I trust your judgement on the path forward. —¿philoserf? (/wiki/User:Philoserf) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Philoserf) ) 16:43, 24 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Philoserf-2021-07-24T16:43:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-24T16:40:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-24T16:43:00.000Z","author":"Philoserf","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Philoserf-2021-07-24T16:43:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-24T16:40:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-08-02T01:49:00.000Z-Philoserf-2021-07-24T16:43:00.000Z"],"displayName":"\u2014\u00bfphiloserf?"}} Really appreciate your weighing in—yes the more I look at it, the more it seems like a clear improvement and even if further tweaks are needed, this is one to start with. I’m going to go ahead and implement and if it draws objection, well that’s one way to get more input! Ok here goes. Innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Innisfree987) ) 01:49, 2 August 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Innisfree987-2021-08-02T01:49:00.000Z-Philoserf-2021-07-24T16:43:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-08-02T01:49:00.000Z","author":"Innisfree987","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-08-02T01:49:00.000Z-Philoserf-2021-07-24T16:43:00.000Z","replies":[]}} __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Perfumer-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z-Perfumer"],"text":"Perfumer","linkableTitle":"Perfumer"} Perfumer [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Perfumer-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z-Perfumer"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T14:55:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T18:52:00.000Z","timestamp":"2021-07-21T14:55:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__3__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__1__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Perfumer-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z-Perfumer"],"text":"Perfumer","linkableTitle":"Perfumer"} Also is it possible to add a line for the perfumer (if known)? For example, Christine Nagel (/wiki/Christine_Nagel) and Francis Kurkdjian (/wiki/Francis_Kurkdjian) are the credited noses on Narciso Rodriguez for Her (/wiki/Narciso_Rodriguez_for_Her) , which seems worth putting in the infobox. Maybe also awards? Apologies if I should just be making these changes myself—I have the impression that with templates, I might actually break something! Thank you muchly. Innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Innisfree987) ) 16:19, 19 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z-Perfumer) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z","author":"Innisfree987","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z-Perfumer","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T18:52:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z"]}} Ok I think I have figured out how to add “perfumer” and also “awards” to the infobox without breaking anything. Let me know if any objections. Innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Innisfree987) ) 18:52, 20 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T18:52:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-20T18:52:00.000Z","author":"Innisfree987","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T18:52:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-19T16:19:00.000Z","replies":["c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T14:55:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T18:52:00.000Z"]}} I am going to go ahead institute these because I believe it won’t change the appearance of existing pages, only add two more options for parameters. Innisfree987 (/wiki/User:Innisfree987) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Innisfree987) ) 14:55, 21 July 2021 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_fragrance#c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T14:55:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T18:52:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2021-07-21T14:55:00.000Z","author":"Innisfree987","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-Innisfree987-2021-07-21T14:55:00.000Z-Innisfree987-2021-07-20T18:52:00.000Z","replies":[]}} NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐rcbcc Cached time: 20240713100522 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.016 seconds CPU time usage: 0.194 seconds Real time usage: 0.331 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 247/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14190/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 68/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 11/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11256/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.130/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1598698/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 270.861 1 -total 98.57% 266.999 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell 24.79% 67.140 1 Template:WikiProject_Infoboxes 17.68% 47.879 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 1.31% 3.541 3 Template:U 1.14% 3.095 1 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:14386744-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713100522 and revision id 1232086520. 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FA (/wiki/Category:FA-Class_fashion_articles) A (/wiki/Category:A-Class_fashion_articles) GA (/wiki/Category:GA-Class_fashion_articles) B (/wiki/Category:B-Class_fashion_articles) C (/wiki/Category:C-Class_fashion_articles) Start (/wiki/Category:Start-Class_fashion_articles) Stub (/wiki/Category:Stub-Class_fashion_articles) FL (/wiki/Category:FL-Class_fashion_articles) List Category (/wiki/Category:Category-Class_fashion_articles) Disambig (/wiki/Category:Disambig-Class_fashion_articles) Draft (/wiki/Category:Draft-Class_fashion_articles) File (/wiki/Category:File-Class_fashion_articles) Portal (/wiki/Category:Portal-Class_fashion_articles) Project (/wiki/Category:Project-Class_fashion_articles) Template (/wiki/Category:Template-Class_fashion_articles) NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) ??? (/wiki/Category:Unassessed_fashion_articles) 27 0 96 452 1,359 4,785 2,498 2 125 1,295 18 149 75 2 31 124 518 591 Contents Top (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:List-Class_fashion_articles) 0–9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=0) A (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=A) B (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=B) C (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=C) D (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=D) E (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=E) F (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=F) G (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=G) H (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=H) I (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=I) J (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=J) K (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=K) L (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=L) M (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=M) N (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=N) O (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=O) P (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=P) Q (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=Q) R (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=R) S (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=S) T (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=T) U (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=U) V (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=V) W (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=W) X (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=X) Y (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=Y) Z (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:List-Class_fashion_articles&from=Z) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐f7jv8 Cached time: 20240719214443 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.343 seconds Real time usage: 0.520 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2809/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 48829/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8219/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 56/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 42741/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.107/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1443829/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 484.624 1 -total 79.23% 383.954 1 Template:Category_class 38.75% 187.814 55 Template:Cat_in_use 37.76% 182.984 5 Template:Category_other 32.69% 158.439 27 Template:Category_class/column 26.09% 126.447 28 Template:Category_class/second_row_column 20.74% 100.507 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 19.44% 94.228 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 17.70% 85.792 1 Template:Category_TOC 15.84% 76.767 1 Template:Possibly_empty_category Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:10319555-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719214443 and revision id 952011961. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "List-Class fashion articles" The following 125 pages are in this category, out of 125 total. 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Jewellery company in Hong Kong Chow Sang Sang Holdings International Limited Traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) 周生生集團國際公司 Simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) 周生生集团国际公司 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Zhōu Shēngshēng Jítuán Guójì gōngsī Yue: Cantonese (/wiki/Cantonese) Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) zau1 saang1 saang1 zaap6 tyun4 gwok3 zai3 gung1 si1 Chow Sang Sang store in Festival Walk (/wiki/Kowloon_Tong,_Hong_Kong) , Hong Kong Chow Sang Sang Holdings International Limited , or Chow Sang Sang Group , doing business as Chow Sang Sang jewelry Company Limited or Chow Sang Sang ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 周生生 ; Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) : zau1 saang1 saang1 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Zhōu Shēngshēng ), is a jewelry company with its corporate headquarters in the Chow Sang Sang Building (/w/index.php?title=Chow_Sang_Sang_Building&action=edit&redlink=1) ( Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) : 周生生大廈 ; Jyutping (/wiki/Jyutping) : zau1 saang1 saang1 daai6 haa6 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Zhōu Shēngshēng Dàxià ) in Kowloon (/wiki/Kowloon) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) . Its registered office (/wiki/Registered_office) is in the Clarendon House in Hamilton, Bermuda (/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda) . [1] (#cite_note-annreport-1) and it is incorporated with limited liability (/wiki/Limited_liability) in Bermuda (/wiki/Bermuda) . [1] (#cite_note-annreport-1) It is SEHK (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange) : 116 (https://www.hkex.com.hk/Market-Data/Securities-Prices/Equities/Equities-Quote?sym=116&sc_lang=en) on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange) . [2] (#cite_note-2) Business scope [ edit ] Included in the group is a precious metals wholesale (/wiki/Wholesale) business. The company operates Chow Sang Sang jewelry stores. Over 50 stores combined are in Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , Macau (/wiki/Macau) , and Taiwan (/wiki/Taiwan) . Another 155 stores are located in 60 cities in Mainland China. [3] (#cite_note-Yahoo-3) The company's Mainland subsidiary, Chow Sang Sang (China) Company Limited , is headquartered in Tianhe District (/wiki/Tianhe_District) , Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) . [4] (#cite_note-Return-4) History [ edit ] Chow Sang Sang was established in Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) by Mr. Chow Fang Pu (周芳譜) in 1934. [5] (#cite_note-GroupProf-5) When Guangzhou fell to the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War (/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War) , the business was relocated to Macau (/wiki/Macau) in 1938. During the 1930s and the 1940s Chow Sang Sang had branches in Guangzhou (/wiki/Guangzhou) , Hong Kong (/wiki/Hong_Kong) , Macau (/wiki/Macau) and Zhanjiang (/wiki/Zhanjiang) , the management of which were divided among Chow Fang Pu's six sons. Pursuant to his will and testament (/wiki/Will_and_testament) in 1946, all his descendants are entitled to use the trademark of 周生生 ("Chow Sang Sang"). As a result there are now two jewelry companies in Hong Kong bearing the name of 周生生, but no longer related to each other: C. S. S. jewelry (粵港澳湛周生生, literally 'Guangzhou-Hong Kong-Macau-Zhanjiang Chow Sang Sang'), descended from his wife's three sons; and Chow Sang Sang (周生生), reestablished in Hong Kong by his concubine's three sons in 1948. [6] (#cite_note-LauNYTGoldmerch-6) In 1973 Chow Sang Sang was publicly listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange) . In the year ending 31 December 2011 its total turnover was HK$17,158 million. [5] (#cite_note-GroupProf-5) During the modern era, the first Mainland shop opened in Fuzhou (/wiki/Fuzhou) , Fujian (/wiki/Fujian) in 1993. In 2006 the company established its Mainland division, Chow Sang Sang (China) Company Limited; this after the Mainland government eased the process of a wholly foreign-owned enterprise gaining a business permit. [4] (#cite_note-Return-4) By 2008 the company's main expansion strategy was focused on Mainland China; at that time it had a revenue of 9.88 billion Hong Kong dollars (/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar) , or $1.27 billion U.S. dollars (/wiki/U.S._dollars) , and 190 locations in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau, and the Mainland, with over 40 of them being in Hong Kong. [6] (#cite_note-LauNYTGoldmerch-6) In May 2013 the antitrust bureau of the Shanghai Municipal Development and Reform Commission began an investigation of Chow Sang Sang, Chow Tai Fook (/wiki/Chow_Tai_Fook) , an industry association, and 11 gold retailers in China over concerns about price manipulation of gold in the City of Shanghai. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ a b Annual Report 2013 (https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224351/http://www.chowsangsang.com/group/reports/2014/e_annual_report_2013.pdf) . Chow Sang Sang. pp. 1-2. Retrieved on May 8, 2014. "Registered Office Clarendon House, 2 Church Street Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda Principal Place of Business 4/F, Chow Sang Sang Building 229 Nathan Road, Kowloon Hong Kong". Chinese version (https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224108/http://www.chowsangsang.com/group/reports/2014/c_annual_report_2013.pdf) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) " Chow Sang Sang Holdings International Ltd (0116.HK) (https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview?symbol=0116.HK) ." Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . Retrieved on May 8, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-Yahoo_3-0) "Chow Sang Sang Holdings International Limited Company Profile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100218050615/http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/149/149707.html) . Yahoo! Finance (/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance) . Retrieved on May 8, 2014. ^ a b CHOW SANG SANG: Shining Return after 62 Years" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140508222731/http://english.gz.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/gzgoven/s3690/201103/777588.html) . City of Guangzhou. Retrieved on May 9, 2014. ^ a b "Group Profile" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121001015026/http://m.chowsangsang.com/sgroup.php?l=eng) . Chow Sang Sang. Retrieved on May 9, 2014. ^ a b Lau, Joyce Hor-hung. " A Hong Kong Gold Merchant Seeks Fortune in China (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/01/business/global/01spot.html?_r=0) ." The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . August 1, 2009. Retrieved on May 9, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Sun, Celine and Daniel Ren. " Price-fixing probe hits Chow Tai Fook, Chow Sang Sang (http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1286152/jeweller-chow-tai-fook-named-price-fixing-probe-report) ." South China Morning Post (/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post) . Friday 19 July 2013. Updated Saturday 20 July 2013. Retrieved on 8 May 2014. External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chow Sang Sang (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chow_Sang_Sang) . 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Submission declined on 21 May 2024 by Wikishovel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Wikishovel) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Wikishovel) ). This submission appears to read more like an advertisement (/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam#Advertisements_masquerading_as_articles) than an entry in an encyclopedia. Encyclopedia articles need to be written from a neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) , and should refer to a range of independent, reliable, published sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) , not just to materials produced by the creator of the subject being discussed. This is important so that the article can meet Wikipedia's verifiability policy (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) and the notability (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability) of the subject can be established. If you still feel that this subject is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, please rewrite your submission to comply with these policies. 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Add tags to your draft Editor resources Find sources: Google (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22DOREE%22) ( books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22DOREE%22+-wikipedia) · news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22DOREE%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22DOREE%22) · free images (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22DOREE%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org) · WP refs (https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22DOREE%22) ) · FENS (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22DOREE%22&acc=on&wc=on) · TWL (https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22DOREE%22) Easy tools : Citation bot (https://citations.toolforge.org/process_page.php?edit=automated_tools&slow=1&page=Draft:DOREE) ( help (/wiki/User:Citation_bot/use) ) \| Advanced: Fix bare URLs (https://tools.wmflabs.org/refill/result.php?page=Draft:DOREE&defaults=y) Declined by Wikishovel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Wikishovel) 56 days ago. Last edited by Wikishovel (/wiki/User:Wikishovel) 56 days ago. Reviewer: Inform author (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:223.233.78.191&action=edit&editintro=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_editintro_declined&preload=Template:AfC_submission/user_talk_preload_declined&preloadtitle=Your+submission+at+%5B%5BWP%3AAfC%7CArticles+for+creation%5D%5D&section=new) . Resubmit Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again. Doree is a registered brand in India, specializing in sarees, suits, and women's ethnic wear. Doree (Brand) Doree is a registered brand in India, specializing in sarees, suits, and women's ethnic wear. It is known for its dedication to high-quality traditional Indian attire. The brand is officially registered with the Trademark of India and is headquartered in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. Overview Founded with a vision to celebrate and promote Indian cultural heritage through clothing, Doree has established itself as a reputable name in the ethnic wear market. The brand focuses on delivering a blend of traditional designs and contemporary styles, catering to a wide range of customers who appreciate the elegance and beauty of Indian ethnic wear. Product Range Doree offers a diverse array of products, including: Sarees: Featuring various styles such as Banarasi, Kanjeevaram, Chanderi, and more, crafted from luxurious fabrics like silk, cotton, and georgette. Suits: Including salwar kameez, anarkalis, and straight suits, suitable for casual wear, office wear, and special occasions. Lehengas: Designed for weddings, festivals, and other celebrations, showcasing intricate embroidery and embellishments. Kurtis: Offering a range of designs from traditional to modern, suitable for everyday wear. Quality and Craftsmanship Doree places a strong emphasis on quality and craftsmanship. The brand collaborates with skilled artisans and weavers across India to ensure that each piece reflects the rich textile heritage of the country. Attention to detail, use of premium materials, and traditional techniques are hallmarks of Doree's collections. Market Presence Doree has a significant presence both offline and online. The brand's flagship store is located in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, where customers can experience the quality and variety of their products firsthand. Additionally, Doree's products are available through various e-commerce platforms, making it accessible to a broader audience across India and internationally. Trademark Registration Doree is a registered trademark under the Trademark of India, ensuring the brand's identity and designs are legally protected. This registration reinforces Doree's commitment to maintaining high standards and protecting its intellectual property. Customer Service and Community Engagement Doree is dedicated to providing excellent customer service, with a focus on ensuring customer satisfaction and loyalty. The brand also engages with the community through various initiatives, including participating in cultural events, fashion shows, and charitable activities that promote Indian traditions and crafts. See Also Indian Ethnic Wear: Traditional clothing worn in India, including sarees, suits, lehengas, and more. Textile Industry in India: An overview of India's textile industry, known for its diverse range of fabrics and craftsmanship. References Trademark Registry, Government of India. "Trademark Details: Doree." Doree Official Website. doree.in External Links Doree Official Website This article provides a comprehensive overview of Doree, the brand specializing in women's ethnic wear in India. It includes information about the brand's product range, quality, market presence, trademark registration, and community engagement. 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Traditional Vietnamese shawl A museum exhibition shows women wearing the characteristic black-and-white checkered Khăn rằn headscarf and black Áo bà ba (/wiki/%C3%81o_b%C3%A0_ba) tunic Khăn rằn can be worn on the head or around the neck depending on the user Củ Chi people wear Khăn rằn The khăn rằn (From Vietnamese (/wiki/Vietnamese_language) : khăn (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kh%C4%83n) , 'towel, scarf (/wiki/Scarf) ', and rằn (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/r%E1%BA%B1n#Vietnamese) , 'striped'; Chữ Nôm (/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m) : 䘜吝 ) is a traditional checkered black and white scarf which has been adapted from the Cambodian (/wiki/Khmer_traditional_clothing) krama (/wiki/Krama) . [1] (#cite_note-1) It is a traditional scarf worn in the region of Mekong Delta (/wiki/Mekong_Delta) in Vietnam. [2] (#cite_note-2) During the Vietnam War (/wiki/Vietnam_War) , the distinctive scarf was donned by the Viet Cong (/wiki/Viet_Cong) soldiers to identify themselves. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Tuyển, D. (2021, March 23). Khăn rằn mang lại bình an và may mắn [Scarves bring peace and good luck]. Thoi Trang Tre. Retrieved February 28, 2022, from https://thanhnien.vn/thoi-trang-tre/khan-ran-mang-lai-binh-an-va-may-man-1851384170.htm (https://thanhnien.vn/thoi-trang-tre/khan-ran-mang-lai-binh-an-va-may-man-1851384170.htm) ^ (#cite_ref-2) The girl in the picture: the story of Kim Phuc (/wiki/Kim_Phuc) Denise Chong - 2000 "Sometimes, all she caught by the light of her lamp was a checkered, black-and-white scarf, the trademark khan ran worn by the southern revolutionaries." ^ (#cite_ref-3) Stanley I. Kutler (1996) Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-132-76932-7 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-132-76932-7) "Note the black-and-white checked scarf in the background, an identifying symbol of the Viet Cong guerrilla" ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Vietcong NVA guerilla scarf" (http://www.vietnam-surplus.com/vietcong-scarf.html) . www.vietnam-surplus.com . Retrieved 2021-09-02 . External links [ edit ] Yak Wool Scarf Store (https://thecuriousyak.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐6jmhs Cached time: 20240719141142 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.219 seconds Real time usage: 0.302 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 528/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3918/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 583/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8523/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.145/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15521940/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 273.291 1 -total 39.73% 108.581 1 Template:Reflist 29.28% 80.016 1 Template:Lang-vi 21.23% 58.022 1 Template:Short_description 18.90% 51.648 1 Template:Cite_web 15.53% 42.439 1 Template:ISBN 12.83% 35.061 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 11.88% 32.480 2 Template:Pagetype 6.47% 17.670 1 Template:Wikt-lang 5.90% 16.127 4 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:36458196-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719141142 and revision id 1207244345. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khăn_rằn&oldid=1207244345 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khăn_rằn&oldid=1207244345) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Vietnamese clothing (/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_clothing) Vietnamese words and phrases (/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_words_and_phrases) Scarves (/wiki/Category:Scarves) People's Army of Vietnam (/wiki/Category:People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Articles containing Vietnamese-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Vietnamese-language_text)
Streetwear designer This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Chris_Printup&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Chris+Printup&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Chris+Printup) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Chris_Printup) for suggestions. ( January 2024 ) Chris Printup was an American streetwear designer. He was the cofounder of the streetwear brand Born X Raised. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) In November 2023, Born X Raised held a tribute to Printup at their annual Sadie Hawkins Winter Formal. [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Chris 'Spanto' Printup, founder of L.A.-based clothing line Born X Raised, dies at 42" (https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2023-06-28/chris-spanto-printup-founder-of-l-a-based-line-born-x-raised-dies) . Los Angeles Times . June 28, 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Albeck-Ripka, Livia (June 29, 2023). "Chris Printup, Founder of Streetwear Brand Born X Raised, Dies at 42" (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/28/us/chris-printup-spanto-dead.html) . The New York Times – via NYTimes.com. ^ (#cite_ref-3) Ilchi, Layla (June 28, 2023). "Born x Raised Cofounder Chris 'Spanto' Printup Has Died" (https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/born-x-raised-chris-spanto-printup-died-obituary-1235717600/) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Rojas, Frank (November 24, 2023). "L.A. Pays Stylish Tribute to Born X Raised Founder" (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/24/style/born-x-raised-founder-tribute.html) . The New York Times – via NYTimes.com. This article about an American person related to fashion is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chris_Printup&action=edit) . v t e This article about a fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chris_Printup&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐5fb6s Cached time: 20240712214443 Cache expiry: 1649718 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.303 seconds Real time usage: 0.406 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 529/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19942/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1439/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25096/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.217/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4714142/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 380.039 1 -total 32.99% 125.362 1 Template:Reflist 25.46% 96.750 1 Template:Short_description 25.44% 96.688 2 Template:Cite_web 21.44% 81.490 2 Template:Asbox 21.44% 81.475 1 Template:US-fashion-bio-stub 18.06% 68.624 1 Template:Orphan 16.44% 62.490 1 Template:Draft_other 15.91% 60.477 1 Template:Ambox 13.95% 53.004 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:74182372-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712214443 and revision id 1197287432. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chris_Printup&oldid=1197287432 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chris_Printup&oldid=1197287432) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1980s births (/wiki/Category:1980s_births) 2023 deaths (/wiki/Category:2023_deaths) American fashion designers (/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers) Fashion biography stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_biography_stubs) American people stubs (/wiki/Category:American_people_stubs) Fashion designer stubs (/wiki/Category:Fashion_designer_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Orphaned articles from January 2024 (/wiki/Category:Orphaned_articles_from_January_2024) All orphaned articles (/wiki/Category:All_orphaned_articles) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Costume inflated around the wearer This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Inflatable_costume) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Inflatable costume" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Inflatable+costume%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Inflatable+costume%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Inflatable+costume%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Inflatable+costume%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Inflatable+costume%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Inflatable+costume%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( February 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Part of a series on Costume (/wiki/Costume) Background History (/w/index.php?title=History_of_costumes&action=edit&redlink=1) Industry (/w/index.php?title=Costume_industry&action=edit&redlink=1) Costume coordination (/wiki/Costume_coordination) Use of costume in Athenian tragedy (/wiki/Use_of_costume_in_Athenian_tragedy) Wardrobe supervisor (/wiki/Wardrobe_supervisor) Society and culture Fursuit (/wiki/Fursuit) Cosplay (/wiki/Cosplay) Costume party (/wiki/Costume_party) Masque (/wiki/Masque) Masquerade ball (/wiki/Masquerade_ball) Parade (/wiki/Parade) World Costume Festival (/wiki/World_Costume_Festival) Design Costume design (/wiki/Costume_design) Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) Spirit gum (/wiki/Spirit_gum) Elements and methods Body painting (/wiki/Body_painting) Disguise (/wiki/Disguise) Fake moustache (/wiki/Fake_moustache) Fatsuit (/wiki/Fatsuit) Illusion costume (/wiki/Illusion_costume) Inflatable costume Zentai (/wiki/Zentai) Traditional Faubourg Marigny Mardi Gras costumes French Quarter Mardi Gras costumes Halloween costume (/wiki/Halloween_costume) Santa suit (/wiki/Santa_suit) Theatrical Commedia dell'arte masks (/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte_masks) Costumed performer (/wiki/Costumed_performer) Creature suit (/wiki/Creature_suit) Dance costume (/wiki/Dance_costume) Dead-character costume (/wiki/Dead-character_costume) Domino mask (/wiki/Domino_mask) Gorilla suit (/wiki/Gorilla_suit) Kumadori (/wiki/Kumadori) Leotard (/wiki/Leotard) Pantomime horse (/wiki/Pantomime_horse) Stage dress (/wiki/Stage_clothes) Titan the Robot (/wiki/Titan_the_Robot) Period Plague doctor costume (/wiki/Plague_doctor_costume) Modern dress (/wiki/Modern_dress) Children Sesame Street (/wiki/Sesame_Street) Zoobilee Zoo (/wiki/Zoobilee_Zoo) Fictional Batsuit (/wiki/Batsuit) utility belt (/wiki/Batman%27s_utility_belt) Ghostface (/wiki/Ghostface_(identity)) Girdle of Gaea (/wiki/Golden_Girdle_of_Gaea) Monokuma (/wiki/Monokuma) Organizations Angels Costumes (/wiki/Angels_Costumes) Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) Western Costume (/wiki/Western_Costume) Awards Laurence Olivier (/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) AACTA (/wiki/AACTA_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Academy Award (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Africa Movie Academy (/wiki/Africa_Movie_Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) BAFTA (/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Critics' Choice (/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Movie_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) César (/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) David di Donatello (/wiki/David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Costumes) Filmfare (/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Golden Arena (/wiki/Golden_Arena_for_Best_Costume_Design) IIFA (/wiki/IIFA_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) National Film Award (/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Robert (/wiki/Robert_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Satellite (/wiki/Satellite_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Costume Designers Guild (TV) (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design_%E2%80%93_Contemporary_TV_Series) Costume Designers Guild (fantasy) (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Fantasy_Costume_Design_for_Film) People Category:Costume designers (/wiki/Category:Costume_designers) Museums Centre National du Costume de Scene (/wiki/Centre_National_du_Costume_de_Scene) Costume Museum of Canada (/wiki/Costume_Museum_of_Canada) Kastoria Costume Museum (/wiki/Costume_Museum_(Kastoria)) Devonshire Collection of Period Costume (/wiki/Devonshire_Collection_of_Period_Costume) Korea Museum of Modern Costume (/wiki/Korea_Museum_of_Modern_Costume) Museum of Ayrshire Country Life and Costume (/wiki/Dalgarven_Mill_%E2%80%93_Museum_of_Ayrshire_Country_Life_and_Costume) Museum of the History of the Greek Costume (/wiki/Museum_of_the_History_of_the_Greek_Costume) Portugal National Museum of Costume and Fashion (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Costume_and_Fashion) Scotland National Museum of Costume (/wiki/National_Museum_of_Costume) v t e An inflatable costume or air-inflated costume is a costume (/wiki/Costume) that is inflated (/wiki/Inflatable) around the wearer by means of a battery-powered blower that sucks air into the costume. These costumes usually stand 9–10 feet tall when inflated. A man wearing an inflatable deer costume Inflatable costumes are typically used by mascots (/wiki/Mascots) and started appearing in the 1990s. One of the first inflatable mascots was Lil' Red (/wiki/Lil%27_Red) of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (/wiki/University_of_Nebraska-Lincoln) . Most NBA (/wiki/National_Basketball_Association) teams own an inflatable costume. In the UK inflatable costumes are becoming more popular, and many people are wearing them for fun at parties etc. These are smaller versions of the costumes worn by mascots (/wiki/Mascots) in the US. They are used by stepping into the costume, turning on the small electric fan and then pulling a drawstring (/wiki/Drawstring) at the neck, and the costumes quickly inflate. Popular costumes include the inflatable sumo wrestler, ballerina, cowboy, cow costume, pig costume and chicken costume. An inflatable tyrannosaurus rex (/wiki/Tyrannosaurus) costume was a bestseller on Amazon (/wiki/Amazon_(company)) in the U.S. in 2019. [1] (#cite_note-1) See also [ edit ] List of inflatable manufactured goods (/wiki/List_of_inflatable_manufactured_goods) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Mattern, Jessica Leigh (October 22, 2019). "This Inflatable Dinosaur Is One of Amazon's Hottest Halloween Costumes Right Now" (https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=139258456&lang=en-gb&site=eds-live&scope=site) . People.com . Retrieved February 24, 2024 – via EBSCOHost (/wiki/EBSCOHost) . 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Chinese clothing brand This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Heilan_Home) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Heilan Home" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Heilan+Home%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Heilan+Home%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Heilan+Home%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Heilan+Home%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Heilan+Home%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Heilan+Home%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( September 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) HEILAN HOME CO.,LTD Heilan Home in Changsha (/wiki/Changsha) , Hunan (/wiki/Hunan) , China Native name 海澜之家股份有限公司 Company type Stock (/wiki/Joint-stock_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) SSE (/wiki/Shanghai_Stock_Exchange) : 600398 (http://english.sse.com.cn/markets/equities/list/overview/?COMPANY_CODE=600398&STOCK_CODE=600398) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Finance (/wiki/Finance) Property (/wiki/Property) Cultural Tourism Founded 1997 Founder Zhou Jianping Gu Dongsheng(president) Headquarters Jiangyin (/wiki/Jiangyin) , China (/wiki/PRC) , Jiangsu (/wiki/Jiangsu) , China (/wiki/China) Products Clothing textile and others Brands HLA EICHITOO BETTSALE SANCANAL Revenue RMB 12.3 billion yuan (2014) Chinese name Simplified Chinese (/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters) 海澜之家 Traditional Chinese (/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters) 海瀾之家 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin (/wiki/Standard_Chinese) Hanyu Pinyin (/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin) Hǎilán zhī Jiā Website HLA Global (http://heilanhome.com) HLA mainland China (http://www.heilanhome.com/) Heilan Home ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 海澜之家 ; pinyin (/wiki/Pinyin) : Hǎilán zhī Jiā ) is short for HEILAN HOME CO., LTD ( Chinese (/wiki/Chinese_language) : 海澜之家股份有限公司 ). HLA , established in 2002, is the core fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) brand under Heilan Group based in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province in China. HLA was named as one of “Chinese National Well-known Trademarks” in 2009. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] HLA, established in 2002 [3] (#cite_note-3) HLA was named as one of “Chinese National Well-known Trademarks” in 2009. [4] (#cite_note-4) [ citation needed ] The brand name HLA originates from HEILAN APPAREAL. From the opening of the first HLA store in Nanjing in September 2002 to the moment when it was successfully restructured and listed on April 11, 2014, HLA has become the largest enterprise among the garment sector of A share market with a total market value of over RMB70 billion. By the end of 2014, a total of 3348 HLA stores have been opened up successfully. [5] (#cite_note-5) HLA ranked No. 373 on the Top 500 Chinese Enterprise released by Fortune in 2015, with gross turnover of RMB12.338 billion. HLA won the 3rd place in the ranking of return on equity (ROE) by 33.73%. [6] (#cite_note-6) According to China Capital Markets Development Report, market value of HLA equaled US$11.5 billion in April 2015, slightly below the US$11.6 billion of Coach, the world-renowned luxury brand, and only 4% below the famous US luxury group Ralph Lauren's US$12 billion. [7] (#cite_note-7) [ citation needed ] HLA was ranked among Forbes Asia's Fab 50 Companies List released on July 24, 2015. [8] (#cite_note-8) [ citation needed ] Positioning [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heilan_Home&action=edit&section=) . ( January 2024 ) HLA is positioned as a fast fashion brand. [9] (#cite_note-9) [ citation needed ] Product Lines [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heilan_Home&action=edit&section=) . ( January 2024 ) HLA owns three product series, business, leisure and fashion, covering 17 product categories and up to 5000 SKUs (stock keeping unit). Administration [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heilan_Home&action=edit&section=) . ( January 2024 ) As an asset-light company, HLA focuses on brand assets by integrating over 200 domestic and international supply chains of clothing and accessories. [ clarification needed ] [10] (#cite_note-10) [ citation needed ] Design [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heilan_Home&action=edit&section=) . ( January 2024 ) HLA owns over 300 designers providing design guidance to suppliers. [11] (#cite_note-11) [ citation needed ] Channels & Stores [ edit ] This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heilan_Home&action=edit&section=) . ( January 2024 ) Most HLA stores are located in downtown commercial districts and comprehensive shopping malls in cities at all levels. By the end of 2014, HLA has 3,348 stores in total, covering over 80% of the counties and cities in China. [12] (#cite_note-12) [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Shanghai Stock Exchange" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105308/http://www.sse.com.cn/assortment/stock/list/stockdetails/company/index.shtml?COMPANY_CODE=600398&SecurityCode=-) . Archived from the original (http://www.sse.com.cn/assortment/stock/list/stockdetails/company/index.shtml?COMPANY_CODE=600398&SecurityCode=-) on 24 September 2015 . Retrieved 19 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Enterprise information" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140514215843/http://www.jsgsj.gov.cn:58888/ecipplatform/outer_fiei/outer_fiei_queryCorpInfor_gsRelease.jsp) . Archived from the original (http://www.jsgsj.gov.cn:58888/ecipplatform/outer_fiei/outer_fiei_queryCorpInfor_gsRelease.jsp) on 14 May 2014 . Retrieved 19 August 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Dan, Yue (2 July 2015). "揭密市值超800亿元的海澜之家-搜狐新闻" (http://news.sohu.com/20150702/n416070710.shtml) . news.sohu.com (in Chinese) . Retrieved 13 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "2009 China famous brand" (http://www.js-tm.com/shownews.asp?id=394&bigclassmallclas) . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-5) "（heilanhome）海澜之家官网 _海澜之家男装加盟_全球时尚品牌网" (http://www.glosspp.com/heilanhome-brand/) . www.glosspp.com (in Chinese) . Retrieved 13 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Xiaoshu, Sima (9 July 2015). "2015 Fortune China Top 500 List (Full Version)" (http://mt.sohu.com/20150709/n416486119.shtml) . mt.sohu.com (in Chinese) . Retrieved 13 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Foreign investor crying cannot read Chinese ten God shares" (http://gd.sina.com.cn/finance/money/2015-04-24/1149155908.html) . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-8) "2015 Forbes Asia Pacific best listing Corporation 50 released: China" (http://www.ithome.com/html/it/164789.htm) . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-9) " (http://fz.sj998.com/nanzhuang/455192.shtml) "Man's Wardrobe" the performance of a strong sea of the home with what do?" (http://fz.sj998.com/nanzhuang/455192.shtml) . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The home of the sea: cultivate brand control standard interpretation of connotation (Figure)" (http://roll.sohu.com/20140910/n404205569.shtml) . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Build a competent team of designers "sea orchid house" achievement fashion reputation" (http://finance.ce.cn/rolling/201204/23/t20120423_16863956.shtml) . [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Sea orchid house 2014 performance contrarian growth, brand marketing and the secret of Qi" (http://sz.winshang.com/news-450958.html) . [ dead link ] External links [ edit ] "HLA among Forbes Asia's Fab 50 Companies List" (http://www.yifu.net/detail/news_19481.html) . "Textile and Garment Industry: HLA Being the Top Choice amongLeading Companies that Excel in Both Performance and Valuation" (http://finance.qq.com/a/20150805/027123.htm) . "HLA 2015 Q1Report: 35% Growth with Size Premium" (http://www.tnc.com.cn/info/c-010006002-d-3519774.html) . "Hi-T Gets PopularThanks to HLA's Innovative Marketing" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024100/http://www.gs.xinhuanet.com/news/2015-06/02/c_1115488948.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.gs.xinhuanet.com/news/2015-06/02/c_1115488948.htm) on 24 September 2015. "Top Listed Companies in Asia Pacific: Two Jiangsu Companies - HLA and Yanghe" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081313/http://csj.xinhuanet.com/2015-07/31/c_134466288.htm) . Archived from the original (http://csj.xinhuanet.com/2015-07/31/c_134466288.htm) on 4 March 2016. "HLA Special Edition For Sale with Return of Running Man 2" (http://ent.163.com/15/0414/02/AN4MKEFU00032DGD.html) . "Four Jiangsu Enterprises Among Most Valuable Chinese Listed Companies, with HLA ranking the 31st" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180527215155/http://news.ifeng.com/a/20141113/42463606_0.shtmll) . Archived from the original (http://news.ifeng.com/a/20141113/42463606_0.shtmll) on 27 May 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2015 . "Man Sentenced for Selling Hundreds of Fake Brand Clothes including HLA Online" (http://news.ifeng.com/gundong/detail_2014_01/21/33187821_0.shtml) . "CCTV Guinness China Night at HLA" (http://www.yifu.net/detail/news_19481.html) . "Textile and Garment Industry: HLA Being the Top Choice among Leading Companies that Excel in Both Performance and Valuation" (http://finance.qq.com/a/20150805/027123.htm) . 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American men's underwear, swimwear, and sportswear manufacturer Andrew Christian - International Company type Private Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 2001 ; 23 years ago ( 2001 ) Founder Andrew Christian, Jeff White Headquarters Hollywood, California (/wiki/Hollywood,_California) , United States Area served Worldwide Products Men's swimwear (/wiki/Swimwear) , skincare, sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(activewear)) , underwear (/wiki/Underwear) , and clothing (/wiki/Clothing) Website AndrewChristian.com (http://www.andrewchristian.com/) Andrew Christian is an American men's underwear (/wiki/Undergarment) , swimwear (/wiki/Swimsuit#Men.27s_swimsuits) , sportswear (/wiki/Sportswear_(fashion)) and lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) manufacturer named after its founder, Andrew Christian. [1] (#cite_note-autogenerated2-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) History [ edit ] Andrew Christian started the clothing line in 1997. [6] (#cite_note-gayfresno-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) He sold his clothing in boutiques (/wiki/Boutiques) . [8] (#cite_note-raannt-8) He chose a generic cross icon for his logo as he wanted to avoid religious connotations. [9] (#cite_note-autogenerated1-9) The regular fashions were followed, over the years, by sportswear, swimwear, and then underwear, "and that's when things really took off." [10] (#cite_note-autogenerated3-10) In 2006, with the addition of the underwear lines, sales grew exponentially. [11] (#cite_note-autogenerated6-11) [12] (#cite_note-chicago.gopride-12) In the 2007/2008 season the company produced Barack Obama (/wiki/Barack_Obama) -themed underwear, donating $1 from every sale to the 2008 Barack Obama presidential campaign (/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign) . [6] (#cite_note-gayfresno-6) [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2008 Christian released Black Line, "a higher end dressy line of men's wear," inspired by the clothes he made for himself, and features ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) tailored pants and vests. [14] (#cite_note-14) Andrew Christian with underwear models at RuPaul's DragCon LA (/wiki/RuPaul%27s_DragCon_LA) 2019 In the 2008/2009 season the company started making clothes for women as well as men. [6] (#cite_note-gayfresno-6) In 2013 it expanded the sportswear lines. [11] (#cite_note-autogenerated6-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-autogenerated2_1-0) Andrew Christian Embarks on 'New Sexual Revolution' (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-kleinmann/andrew-christian-embarks-on-new-sexual-revolution_b_2688916.html) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Materia: The arrival of new brands" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150508150340/http://www.nutsvalentina.com/portal/varejoeoportunidades/edicao_02/consumo.htm) . Archived from the original (http://www.nutsvalentina.com/portal/varejoeoportunidades/edicao_02/consumo.htm) on 2015-05-08 . Retrieved 2013-12-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Retail Revolution: Apparel" (http://www.lamag.com/features/2010/09/01/retail-revolution-apparel) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000558/http://www.lamag.com/features/2010/09/01/retail-revolution-apparel) 2013-12-31 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Los Angeles Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Knipp, Michael A. "Andrew Christian: From rags to britches," Gay & Lesbian Times , No. 1043, December 20, 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-5) The Story of Men's Underwear , Shaun Cole, Parkstone International, May 8, 2012. ^ a b c "Gay Fresno – Interview With Andrew Christian" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160405163431/http://www.gayfresno.com/news/entertainment/782-interview-with-andrew-christian) . Archived from the original (http://www.gayfresno.com/news/entertainment/782-interview-with-andrew-christian) on 2016-04-05 . Retrieved 2013-12-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031130/http://www.homorazzi.com/article/andrew-christian-interview-fan-questions-models-body-image-for-gays/) "Beyond The Boys & Briefs: Andrew Christian Answers Fan Questions" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031130/http://www.homorazzi.com/article/andrew-christian-interview-fan-questions-models-body-image-for-gays/) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031130/http://www.homorazzi.com/article/andrew-christian-interview-fan-questions-models-body-image-for-gays/) . Archived from the original (http://www.homorazzi.com/article/andrew-christian-interview-fan-questions-models-body-image-for-gays/) on 2015-09-24 . Retrieved 2013-12-30 . ^ (#cite_ref-raannt_8-0) Raannt.com » Andrew Christian…The Saint of Sexy! The Interview (http://raannt.com/andrew-christian-the-saint-of-sexy-the-interview/) ^ (#cite_ref-autogenerated1_9-0) "Interview: Andrew Christian, Fashion Design Demi-God" (http://voices.yahoo.com/interview-andrew-christian-fashion-design-demi-god-793251.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140729040051/http://voices.yahoo.com/interview-andrew-christian-fashion-design-demi-god-793251.html) July 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-autogenerated3_10-0) "ANDREW CHRISTIAN OPENT WINKEL IN AMSTERDAM" (http://www.rtlxl.nl/#!/rtl-boulevard-9652/13da8607-2427-4c9b-85b8-1f75a0c6fdbe) RTL BOULEVARD 13 jun. 2011. ^ a b Andrew Christian - Men's Underwear (http://fashiondesigners.about.com/od/Celebrity-Fashion-Designers/a/Andrew-Christian-Mens-Underwear.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001202/http://fashiondesigners.about.com/od/Celebrity-Fashion-Designers/a/Andrew-Christian-Mens-Underwear.htm) 2013-12-31 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) About.com Fashion Designers, Justin Howard ^ (#cite_ref-chicago.gopride_12-0) ChicagoPride.com interview with Andrew Christian (http://chicago.gopride.com/news/interview.cfm/articleid/109881) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234025/http://chicago.gopride.com/news/interview.cfm/articleid/109881) December 30, 2013, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-13) Barack Obama's tight-fitting underwear - Telegraph (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/2637289/Barack-Obamas-tight-fitting-underwear.html) ^ (#cite_ref-14) "CU Interviews: Andrew Christian \| Celebutopia" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233013/http://www.celebutopia.net/2008/10/cu-interviews-andrew-christian/) . Archived from the original (http://www.celebutopia.net/2008/10/cu-interviews-andrew-christian/) on 2013-12-30 . Retrieved 2013-12-30 . External links [ edit ] Andrew Christian homepage (http://www.andrewchristian.com) Andrew Christian (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2888322/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) v t e Men's undergarments (/wiki/Undergarment) Upper body Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) Sleeveless shirt (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) (A-shirt / singlet / tank top) T-shirt (/wiki/T-shirt) Henley shirt (/wiki/Henley_shirt) Undershirt (/wiki/Undershirt) Telnyashka (/wiki/Telnyashka) Lower body Boxer briefs (/wiki/Boxer_briefs) Boxer shorts (/wiki/Boxer_shorts) Briefs (/wiki/Briefs) (slip / Y-fronts) Compression shorts (/wiki/Compression_shorts) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Jockstrap (/wiki/Jockstrap) (athletic supporter) Pantyhose for men (/wiki/Pantyhose_for_men) Swim trunks (/wiki/Swim_trunks) Thong (/wiki/Thong#Men's_thongs) ( G-string (/wiki/G-string) ) Willy warmer (/wiki/Willy_warmer) Full body Long underwear (/wiki/Long_underwear) (long johns) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) Hosiery Compression stockings (/wiki/Compression_stockings) Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose_for_men) Sock (/wiki/Sock) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) Historical Breechcloth (/wiki/Breechcloth) Chausses (/wiki/Chausses) Codpiece (/wiki/Codpiece) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Garter (/wiki/Garter_(stockings)) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) Nightshirt (/wiki/Nightshirt) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) Brands 2(X)IST (/wiki/2(X)IST) 2wink (/wiki/2wink) Abercrombie & Fitch (/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch) Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) Allbirds (/wiki/Allbirds) AllSaints (/wiki/AllSaints) American Apparel (/wiki/American_Apparel) American Eagle (/wiki/American_Eagle_Outfitters) Andrew Christian Arc'teryx (/wiki/Arc%27teryx) aussieBum (/wiki/AussieBum) Björn Borg (/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Borg_(brand)) Boden (/wiki/Boden_(clothing)) Bombas (/wiki/Bombas) Bonds (/wiki/Bonds_(clothing)) Bonobos (/wiki/Bonobos_(apparel)) Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) BVD (/wiki/BVD) Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein_(fashion_house)) Comme des Garçons (/wiki/Comme_des_Gar%C3%A7ons) Desigual (/wiki/Desigual) Diesel (/wiki/Diesel_(brand)) DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) Dsquared² (/wiki/Dsquared%C2%B2) Duluth Trading Company (/wiki/Duluth_Trading_Company) Emporio Armani (/wiki/Emporio_Armani) Everlane (/wiki/Everlane) Finisterre (/wiki/Finisterre_(retailer)) Fleur du Mal (/wiki/Fleur_du_Mal) Fruit of the Loom (/wiki/Fruit_of_the_Loom) Gap (/wiki/Gap_Inc) Gunze (/wiki/Gunze) H&M (/wiki/H%26M) Hanes (/wiki/Hanes) Hanro (/wiki/Hanro) House of Holland (/wiki/Henry_Holland_(fashion_designer)) Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) Ibex (/wiki/Ibex_Outdoor_Clothing) J.Crew (/wiki/J.Crew) Jockey International (/wiki/Jockey_International) Joe Boxer (/wiki/Joe_Boxer) John Lewis (/wiki/John_Lewis_%26_Partners) John Smedley's (/wiki/John_Smedley_(industrialist)) Kenneth Cole (/wiki/Kenneth_Cole_Productions) Kotn (/wiki/Kotn) Lacoste (/wiki/Lacoste) Levi's (/wiki/Levi%27s) Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) Lululemon (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) Marks & Spencer (/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer) Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) Munsingwear (/wiki/Munsingwear) Nasty Pig (/wiki/Nasty_Pig) Nike (/wiki/Nike_Inc) Nordstrom (/wiki/Nordstrom) Orlebar Brown (/wiki/Orlebar_Brown) Patagonia (/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc.) Paul Smith (/wiki/Paul_Smith_(fashion_designer)) Paul Stuart (/wiki/Paul_Stuart) Pringle (/wiki/Pringle_of_Scotland) Puma (/wiki/Puma_(brand)) Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation) River Island (/wiki/River_Island) Roberto Cavalli (/wiki/Roberto_Cavalli) Rufskin (/wiki/Rufskin) Schiesser (/wiki/Schiesser) Smartwool (/wiki/Smartwool) Spanx (/wiki/Spanx) Stanfield's (/wiki/Stanfield%27s) Sunspel (/wiki/Sunspel) Superdry (/wiki/Superdry) Supreme (/wiki/Supreme_(brand)) Three Gun (/wiki/Three_Gun) Todd Snyder (/wiki/Todd_Snyder_(fashion_designer)) Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) Topman (/wiki/Topman) Under Armour (/wiki/Under_Armour) Uniqlo (/wiki/Uniqlo) Versace (/wiki/Versace) Volcom (/wiki/Volcom) XTG (/wiki/XTG_Extreme_Game) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐tcjzt Cached time: 20240712175339 Cache expiry: 1663582 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.374 seconds Real time usage: 0.496 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1827/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 33965/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2059/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 31329/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.230/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4928106/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 431.720 1 -total 31.01% 133.874 1 Template:Reflist 23.71% 102.346 1 Template:Infobox_company 23.69% 102.277 4 Template:Cite_web 21.61% 93.278 1 Template:Men's_undergarments 21.20% 91.518 1 Template:Infobox 21.12% 91.161 1 Template:Navbox 16.62% 71.762 1 Template:Short_description 10.20% 44.033 2 Template:Pagetype 5.10% 21.999 1 Template:IMDb_name Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38201031-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712175339 and revision id 1227016136. 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British clothing retailer www.ark.co.uk Company type Limited (/wiki/Limited_liability_company) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1992 Defunct April 2016 Headquarters Leeds (/wiki/Leeds) , United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) Number of employees 80 Website www.ark.co.uk (http://www.ark.co.uk/) Ark Clothing was part of Ark Fashion Limited which was subsidiary of JD Sports PLC (/wiki/JD_Sports) - consisting of five stores, and an e-commerce (/wiki/Electronic_commerce) store based in the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) . [1] (#cite_note-1) They were official stockists to a number of branded fashion labels. The men's range included own label CLOAK, plus Superdry, Carhartt, Franklin & Marshall, Fred Perry, Original Penguin and Pretty Green; the women's range included Motel, Fred Perry, Mink Pink, The Ragged Priest and own label, Hearts & Bows. History [ edit ] ARK opened its first store in The Corn Exchange (/wiki/Corn_Exchange,_Leeds) in Leeds in 1992. [2] (#cite_note-2) The shop was originally used to sell tickets to the ARK club nights but quickly branched into streetwear. The store was an immediate success and grew quickly in size. The brand grew to have five brick and mortar stores, with many plans to expand across the UK plus an e-commerce store. [ citation needed ] Closing [ edit ] In January 2016, JD Sports (/wiki/JD_Sports) PLC announced it planned to close all Ark Clothing stores. Ark Clothing announced this on their Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) page and shortly after a closing down sale was launched. By mid May 2016, all Ark stores were closed and their website (/wiki/Website) shut down. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Companies House Webcheck" (http://wck2.companieshouse.gov.uk/fc0fa67f1e02c0b5deb340758d500261/compdetails?code=ct11) . companieshouse.gov.uk . Retrieved 13 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "JD Sports buys retailer Ark out of administration" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/10148794/JD-Sports-buys-retailer-Ark-out-of-administration.html) . The Telegraph . 2013-06-28 . Retrieved 2023-12-12 . Ark Clothing Launch New Website (http://www.menswearstyle.co.uk/2013/05/07/ark-clothing-launch-new-website/520) RETT Retail (https://web.archive.org/web/20060509023444/http://www.majorcompanies.co.uk/companies.asp?code=ct11) , Companies House External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.ark.co.uk/) Techwear Clothing (https://techwearstorm.com/) Blank Clothing (https://www.bommestudio.com/blank-wholesale-clothing) This retail business article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Ghanaian male traditional garment The African Fugu ( Smock (/wiki/Smock-frock) ) also called Batakari in local Ghanaian language is a customary traditional men's garment from West Africa (/wiki/West_Africa) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) It has gained acceptance in the whole of Ghana though it originates from Northern Ghana (/wiki/Northern_Region_(Ghana)) . [2] (#cite_note-2) The name Fugu is a translation from the Moshie word for cloth. [ citation needed ] The Dagombas (/wiki/Dagomba_people) call the garment Bingba . [ citation needed ] In the 19th century, batakari was worn by Ashanti military forces (/wiki/Military_of_the_Ashanti_Empire) as a war dress. The war dress was made out of cotton and covered with leather pouches and metal cases that contained talismans (/wiki/Talisman) as it was believed by the Ashanti forces that this variant of the batakari was bulletproof. [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-:0_1-0) "A cultural point of order: A fugu is not a batakari!" (https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/a-cultural-point-of-order-a-fugu-is-not-a-batakari.html) . Graphic Online . Retrieved 2022-06-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "African Men's Fugu Batakari Jacket \| Ghana Batakari Smock" (https://africanlegacyshoppe.com/collections/african-mens-clothes-batakari-fugu) . African Legacy Shoppe . Retrieved 2022-06-02 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Manu-Osafo, Manuel J. (2021). " (https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021853721000281) 'The Days of their Heedless Power Were Over and Done': Dynamics of Power in the Military Structures of the Precolonial Asante State, 1874–1900" (https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021853721000281) . The Journal of African History (/wiki/The_Journal_of_African_History) . 62 (2). Cambridge University Press (/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press) : 254–270. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1017/S0021853721000281 (https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021853721000281) . General references "The Northern Smock" (https://popula.com/2018/10/15/the-northern-smock/) . Popula . Retrieved 2022-06-02 . "Which Of The Three Northern Regions Got The Best Smock In Ghana? Check It Out - Abeiku" (https://abeiku.net/ghana/lifestyle/which-of-the-three-northern-regions-got-the-best-smock-in-ghana-check-it-out/) . 2021-08-13 . Retrieved 2022-06-02 . This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batakari&action=edit) . v t e This Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batakari&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐j8r7l Cached time: 20240713201450 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.262 seconds Real time usage: 0.340 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 768/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19056/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1562/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24366/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.192/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4442314/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 319.621 1 -total 34.49% 110.222 4 Template:Cite_web 22.63% 72.342 1 Template:Short_description 22.24% 71.076 1 Template:Clothing-stub 22.19% 70.939 2 Template:Asbox 14.17% 45.303 2 Template:Citation_needed 12.90% 41.236 2 Template:Pagetype 11.99% 38.330 2 Template:Fix 7.48% 23.923 4 Template:Category_handler 6.14% 19.629 4 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70928512-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713201450 and revision id 1136361723. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batakari&oldid=1136361723 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batakari&oldid=1136361723) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Ghana stubs (/wiki/Category:Ghana_stubs) Ghanaian fashion (/wiki/Category:Ghanaian_fashion) African fashion (/wiki/Category:African_fashion) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All articles with unsourced statements (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements) Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2023) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Rufskin is an American men's athletic, underwear, swimwear, sportswear and denim manufacturer headquartered in San Diego, California (/wiki/San_Diego,_California) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Founded in 2002, the company is owned and operated by designer Hubert Pouches and president Douglas Coats. [2] (#cite_note-2) Company history [ edit ] Rufskin was created after Douglas Coats and Hubert Pouches relocated from France to Southern California. Originally hand-made and distributed from a residential location, the company has since expanded to several brick-and-mortar stores and maintains a heavy online presence. The company is known for its marketing towards the gay community, with provocative advertising and promotion within gay clubs and events. Pouches cites a desire to create clothing that is "sexy, futuristic, masculine and athletic". He also notes his inspiration came from working as a designer in France, also operating a modeling agency, where he met Douglas Coats. [3] (#cite_note-3) While well-received in the United States, Rufskin does especially well overseas, ultimately resulting in the opening of a European flagship store in Amsterdam for a period of time. To date, the brand is sold in various boutiques and retail stores around the world, including San Diego (/wiki/San_Diego) , Palm Springs (/wiki/Palm_Springs) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , Miami (/wiki/Miami) and Amsterdam (/wiki/Amsterdam) . [4] (#cite_note-4) The company designs, manufactures and distributes exclusively from California (/wiki/California) . While Rufskin focuses mainly on marketing its ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) apparel, the brand offers specialty leather goods such as jackets and custom-fitted pants. Advertising and collaborations [ edit ] Since the earlier days of its inception, Rufskin has enlisted various industry photographers to create what are often provocative and risqué advertising campaigns. Photographer Rick Day (/wiki/Rick_Day) has used Rufskin brand apparel and models in several projects, including digital and print media. [5] (#cite_note-5) Rufskin has had several successful international advertising campaigns, including a 2011 Golden Iris Reader’s Choice Award for Campaign of the Year on location in Brazil. In 2012 the company worked with Rick Day on the beaches of South Africa. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) In February, 2015 the company collaborated with Tom of Finland (/wiki/Tom_of_Finland) to create an exclusive 15-piece collection. The collection was sold online via their website, and at company stores. Both Hubert Pouches and Douglas Coats have been fans of Touko Laaksonen, and have cited him as a source of inspiration since before starting the company. [8] (#cite_note-8) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Ruf Trade" (http://digital.modernluxury.com/publication/?i=112193&p=60) . Modern Luxury . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "About page" (http://www.rufskin.com/about-rufskin) . Rufskin . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Rufskin Denim Heats up South Beach" (https://wiremagazine.tumblr.com/post/80180154597/rufskin-denim-heats-up-miami-beach) . Wire Mag . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Rufskin to open new South Beach Boutique" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160302080512/http://www.adonmagazine.com/adon-magazine/rufskin-grand-opening-of-new-south-beach-miami-boutique) . Adon Magazine . Archived from the original (http://www.adonmagazine.com/adon-magazine/rufskin-grand-opening-of-new-south-beach-miami-boutique) on 2016-03-02. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "WANTED: The new Rufskin ad campaign" (http://www.ohlalamag.com/en/2009/10/wanted-the-new-rufskin-ad-campaign.html) . ohhlalamag . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Rufskin announcements" (http://www.rufskin.com/pdf/022712PR.pdf) (PDF) . Rufskin announcements . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Rufskin '12 photo shoot" (http://www.fashionising.com/pictures/s--Rufskin-SS-12-Ad-Campaign-14403-1.html) . Fashionising.com . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Exclusive First Look: Rufskin's Tom of Finland Collection" (http://www.out.com/truman-says/2015/2/11/exclusive-first-look-rufskins-tom-finland-collection) . Out.com . 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Oldest surviving piece of woven clothing Tarkhan dress Material Linen (/wiki/Linen) Created c. 3482 – 3102 BC [1] (#cite_note-Lobell_2016-1) Discovered 1913 Tarkhan (/wiki/Tarkhan_(Egypt)) , Egypt (/wiki/Egypt) Discovered by Sir Flinders Petrie (/wiki/Sir_Flinders_Petrie) Present location Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology (/wiki/Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology) , London (/wiki/London) The Tarkhan Dress , named for the Tarkhan (/wiki/Tarkhan_(Egypt)) cemetery south of Cairo (/wiki/Cairo) in Egypt (/wiki/Egypt) where it was excavated in 1913, is an over 5000 year old linen (/wiki/Linen) garment (/wiki/Garment) that was confirmed as the world's oldest piece of woven clothing (/wiki/Clothing) . [2] (#cite_note-Lobell_2017-2) [1] (#cite_note-Lobell_2016-1) The dress coded UC28614B is currently in the collection of the University College London (/wiki/University_College_London) (UCL) Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandiHall1979141-3) Radiocarbon testing (/wiki/Radiocarbon_testing) in 1978 dated the item to around 2362 BCE, [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandiHall1979141-3) though a further test in 2015 by the University of Oxford (/wiki/University_of_Oxford) affirms, with 95% accuracy, that the dress dates from between 3482 and 3102 BCE. [1] (#cite_note-Lobell_2016-1) Discovery [ edit ] The dress was discovered in 1913 during the second season of Sir Flinders Petrie (/wiki/Sir_Flinders_Petrie) 's excavations of the Tarkhan (/wiki/Tarkhan_(Egypt)) necropolis. [1] (#cite_note-Lobell_2016-1) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandiHall1979141-3) During the excavation of Mastaba (/wiki/Mastaba) 2050, the dress was found alongside other linen (/wiki/Linen) outside of the Mastaba. It is theorised that these linens may have been thrown out later in antiquity (/wiki/Classical_antiquity) and sanded over, which preserved the artefacts. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandiHall1979141-3) The linen was sent to the University College London (/wiki/University_College_London) for analysis, where it lay untouched for sixty five years. [4] (#cite_note-petrie-4) The dress was rediscovered in 1977 by conservationists (/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_heritage) at the Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) who were sorting through and cleaning 'funerary rags'. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandiHall1979141-3) Dress [ edit ] The dress has a weave (/wiki/Weaving) of 22–23 warps (/wiki/Warp_and_weft) per centimetre, and 13–14 wefts per centimetre creating a grey stripe in the warp, possibly for a decorative effect. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandiHall1979143-5) The main body of the dress was 76 centimetre wide straight piece of material. The hem (/wiki/Hem) of the dress is missing, leaving the original length unknown. [5] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandiHall1979143-5) [4] (#cite_note-petrie-4) See also [ edit ] List of individual dresses (/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Lobel, Jarrett A. (2016). "Dressing for the Ages" (https://www.archaeology.org/issues/215-1605/trenches/4349-trenches-egypt-predynastic-period-tarkhan-dress) . Archaeology (/wiki/Archaeology_(magazine)) . Vol. 69, no. 3. p. 9. ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0003-8113 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-8113) . Retrieved 4 June 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-Lobell_2017_2-0) Lobell, Jarrett A. (2017). "World's Oldest Dress" (https://www.archaeology.org/issues/241-features/top10/5113-egypt-tarkhan-dress) . Archaeology . Vol. 70, no. 1. Tarkhan (/wiki/Tarkhan_(Egypt)) , Egypt (/wiki/Egypt) . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0003-8113 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-8113) . Retrieved 5 November 2019 . ^ a b c d e Landi & Hall 1979 (#CITEREFLandiHall1979) , p. 141. ^ a b Johnstone, Janet (4 June 2015). Alice Stevenson (ed.). Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology: Characters and Collections . UCL Press. p. 36. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1910634356 . ^ a b Landi & Hall 1979 (#CITEREFLandiHall1979) , p. 143. Bibliography [ edit ] Landi, Sheila; Hall, Rosalind M. (1979). "The Discovery and Conservation of an Ancient Egyptian Linen Tunic". Studies in Conservation (/wiki/Studies_in_Conservation) . 24 (4): 141–152. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.2307/1505776 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1505776) . JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 1505776 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/1505776) . Further reading [ edit ] Meier, Allison (29 February 2016). "A 5,000-Year-Old Linen Dress Is the World's Oldest Woven Garment" (http://hyperallergic.com/279242/a-5000-year-old-linen-dress-is-the-worlds-oldest-woven-garment/) . Hyperallergic (/wiki/Hyperallergic) . Retrieved 3 March 2016 . "Tarkhan Dress" (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/culture/petrie-museum/tarkhan-dress) . University College London (/wiki/University_College_London) . Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology (/wiki/Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology) . 30 August 2016. v t e First Dynasty of Ancient Egypt (/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt) Pharaohs Menes (/wiki/Menes) / Narmer (/wiki/Narmer) Hor-Aha (/wiki/Hor-Aha) Djer (/wiki/Djer) Djet (/wiki/Djet) Den (/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)) Anedjib (/wiki/Anedjib) Semerkhet (/wiki/Semerkhet) Qa'a (/wiki/Qa%27a) Regents Neithhotep (/wiki/Neithhotep) Merneith (/wiki/Merneith) Queen consorts Benerib (/wiki/Benerib) Herneith (/wiki/Herneith) Penebui (/wiki/Penebui) Nakhtneith (/wiki/Nakhtneith) Khenthap (/wiki/Khenthap) Semat (/wiki/Semat) Serethor (/wiki/Serethor) Seshemetka (/wiki/Seshemetka) Betrest (/wiki/Betrest) Officials Amka (/wiki/Amka_(official)) Hemaka (/wiki/Hemaka) Sabef (/wiki/Sabef) Meriiti (/wiki/Meriiti) Other people Ahaneith (/wiki/Ahaneith) Artefacts and monuments Narmer macehead (/wiki/Narmer_macehead) Narmer palette (/wiki/Narmer_palette) Den seal impressions (/wiki/Den_seal_impressions) Abydos boats (/wiki/Abydos_boats) MacGregor plaque (/wiki/MacGregor_plaque) Mastabas S3503 (/wiki/Mastaba_S3503) and S3504 (/wiki/Mastaba_S3504) Capital Thinis (/wiki/Thinis) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7db4bf6597‐85npl Cached time: 20240717182907 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.335 seconds Real time usage: 0.443 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1390/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27354/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1532/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 32116/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.227/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5298843/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 392.385 1 -total 31.48% 123.527 1 Template:Reflist 22.94% 90.009 3 Template:Cite_news 20.76% 81.460 1 Template:First_Dynasty_of_Ancient_Egypt 20.14% 79.041 1 Template:Navbox 18.87% 74.025 1 Template:Short_description 13.54% 53.141 1 Template:Infobox_artefact 12.23% 47.986 1 Template:Infobox 10.38% 40.718 2 Template:Pagetype 10.08% 39.572 7 Template:Sfn Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49633190-0!canonical and timestamp 20240717182907 and revision id 1212712639. 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This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Chic_Meets_Geek) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Chic Meets Geek" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Chic+Meets+Geek%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Chic+Meets+Geek%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Chic+Meets+Geek%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Chic+Meets+Geek%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Chic+Meets+Geek%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Chic+Meets+Geek%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( May 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Chic Meets Geek Status Active Genre Arts, Fashion, and Geek Culture Venue Various Location(s) Various Country United States Inaugurated 2009 Attendance ~2,000 since 2009 Organized by Carol Tran, Founder Website http://chicmeetsgeek.com/ (http://chicmeetsgeek.com/) Chic Meets Geek (also ChicMeetsGeek ) is a red carpet (/wiki/Red_carpet) event and conference (/wiki/Fan_convention) hosted by Carol Tran (/w/index.php?title=Carol_Tran&action=edit&redlink=1) . A non-profit beneficiary is highlighted at every Chic Meets Geek event and is themed around the speaker panelists' expertise, often ranging from fashion to science. [1] (#cite_note-speakers-1) Background [ edit ] Chic Meets Geek's mission statement begins: Chic Meets Geek is an event designed to bridge the social gap between the cultural chic and intellectual geeks. It is similar to a conference, but with a social atmosphere. The purpose is to gather two different groups in one room to inspire, share, and connect through a panel of geek and chic celebrity speakers to talk about their inspirational background. [2] (#cite_note-2) Tran believes that everyone is "innately both chic and geek, with usually one side more dominant than the other. [She] is pushing for cross-collaborations of the two types, which she is confident is more likely to lead to successful world change than would homogenous pairings." [3] (#cite_note-3) The first Chic Meets Geek event was held on November 5, 2009 at the Automattic (/wiki/Automattic) Lounge on Pier 38, San Francisco (/wiki/San_Francisco) , California. [4] (#cite_note-4) Chic Meets Geek hosted five events in 2010: February 4, June 3, August 18, September 9 and September 20. All events were held in San Francisco, other than the September 20 [5] (#cite_note-5) and August 18 events, which were held in Los Angeles and Seattle, respectively. In conjunction with the Gnomedex (/wiki/Gnomedex) 10 conference, the August 18, 2010 Chic Meets Geek event was hosted at Hotel 1000 in Seattle (/wiki/Seattle) , Washington. [6] (#cite_note-6) Notable speakers [ edit ] See also: List of Chic Meets Geek speakers (/w/index.php?title=List_of_Chic_Meets_Geek_speakers&action=edit&redlink=1) Chic Meets Geek events include speakers from varying backgrounds, with the goal of connecting people that would normally not participate in the same social circles, namely, with a focus on geek (/wiki/Geek) culture and the chic (/wiki/Chic_(style)) lifestyle. [7] (#cite_note-7) Past "geek" speakers include: [1] (#cite_note-speakers-1) Randi Zuckerberg (/wiki/Randi_Zuckerberg) - Former marketing director at Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) Matt Mullenweg (/wiki/Matt_Mullenweg) - Founder of WordPress (/wiki/WordPress) Daniel Kraft (/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Kraft_(scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1) - Stem Cell Scientist Dave McClure (/wiki/Dave_McClure) - Venture Capitalist/Investor at the Founder's Fund Chris Pirillo (/wiki/Chris_Pirillo) - President of Lockergnome Brady Forrest - Founder of Ignite (/wiki/Ignite_(event)) Past "chic" speakers include: [1] (#cite_note-speakers-1) Maria Kochetkova (/wiki/Maria_Kochetkova) - Principal Ballet Dancer at the San Francisco Ballet (/wiki/San_Francisco_Ballet) and Solo Gold Medal Winner on the NBC series Superstars of Dance (/wiki/Superstars_of_Dance) Terry Disley (/wiki/Terry_Disley) - Jazz Musician Steve Wharton - Actor on NBC's Trauma Damon Dunn (/wiki/Damon_Dunn) - Former American football player for the Dallas Cowboys (/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys) Jay Nicolas Sario - Fashion Designer from Project Runway (/wiki/Project_Runway) Charlie Ayers (/wiki/Charlie_Ayers) - Former Executive Chef at Google (/wiki/Google) Non-profit beneficiaries [ edit ] San Francisco Opera (BRAVO!) - A non-profit cultural arts group that caters to promoting opera to young professionals. BUILD [8] (#cite_note-8) - A non-profit social venture, based in Palo Alto, that empowers underprivileged and under-resourced high school students with an education in entrepreneurship. Glide Foundation [9] (#cite_note-9) - A non-profit that is mobilized to alleviate suffering and break the cycles of poverty and marginalization. Washington C.A.S.H. [10] (#cite_note-10) - Provides the business training, supportive community, and capital to help enterprising individuals with limited financial resources gain self-sufficiency through small business ownership. Girls for a Change - A non-profit that empowers girls for personal and social transformation. The young women design, lead, fund and implement social change projects that tackle issues girls face in their own neighborhoods. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c "Speakers" (http://chicmeetsgeek.com/site/speakers/) . Chic Meets Geek . Retrieved January 11, 2012 . [ failed verification ] ^ (#cite_ref-2) "About" (http://chicmeetsgeek.com/site/about/) . Chic Meets Geek . Retrieved January 11, 2012 . [ failed verification ] ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Chic Meets Geek with Carol Tran" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120724222623/http://vivanista.com/2010/06/02/chic-meets-geek-with-carol-tran/) . Vivanista. June 2, 2010. Archived from the original (http://vivanista.com/2010/06/02/chic-meets-geek-with-carol-tran/) on July 24, 2012 . Retrieved February 12, 2012 . [ failed verification ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) Akhtari, Melody (November 9, 2009). "Chic Meets Geek: San Francisco at Its Finest" (https://archive.today/20130414222255/http://www.girlsintech.org/2009/11/09/chic-meets-geek-san-francisco-at-its-finest/) . Girls In Tech. Archived from the original (http://www.girlsintech.org/2009/11/09/chic-meets-geek-san-francisco-at-its-finest/) on April 14, 2013 . Retrieved January 11, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Chic Meets Geek at Macy's Fashion Passport Glamorama" (https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=436735348231&set=pu.169126683231&type=1&theater) . Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) . August 20, 2010 . Retrieved February 12, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Umayam, Christine (August 19, 2010). "Chic Meets Geek Comes To Seattle To Share, Inspire and Connect" (http://www.q13fox.com/news/kcpq-081910-chic-geek,0,2877490.story) . Q13 Fox Online . Retrieved January 11, 2012 . [ permanent dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-7) Furio, Joanne (August 23, 2010). "Fashion.com" (http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/fashion-dot-com) . Modern Luxury . Retrieved January 11, 2012 . [ failed verification ] ^ (#cite_ref-8) Tenutta, Alejo (February 18, 2010). "Chic Meets Geek" (http://www.hauteliving.com/2010/02/beauty-and-the-geek/) . Haute Living . Retrieved January 11, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Akhtari, Melody (June 1, 2010). "Chic Meets Geek: Bigger, Better, and Breaking Barriers" (https://archive.today/20130414211517/http://www.girlsintech.org/2010/06/01/chic-meets-geek-bigger-better-and-breaking-barriers/) . Girls In Tech. Archived from the original (http://www.girlsintech.org/2010/06/01/chic-meets-geek-bigger-better-and-breaking-barriers/) on April 14, 2013 . Retrieved January 11, 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Estrada, Jess (August 17, 2010). "Seattle Geek Week Takes Over the City!" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110912073735/http://www.banyanbranch.com/social-blog/seattle-geek-week-takes-over-the-city/) . Banyan Branch. Archived from the original (http://www.banyanbranch.com/social-blog/seattle-geek-week-takes-over-the-city/) on September 12, 2011 . Retrieved January 11, 2012 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://chicmeetsgeek.com) [ failed verification ] Interview on NBC Bay Area (http://www.nbcbayarea.com/on-air/community/90989964.html) Interview on envisionGood (https://web.archive.org/web/20101005225829/http://envisiongood.com/interview-with-carol-tran-founder-of-chicmeetsgeek/2010/02) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐2g4jj Cached time: 20240713184137 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.337 seconds Real time usage: 0.429 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2148/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 43751/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4219/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 41356/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.219/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6036067/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 397.854 1 -total 45.84% 182.366 1 Template:Reflist 31.47% 125.205 10 Template:Cite_web 22.89% 91.068 1 Template:Refimprove 18.76% 74.650 1 Template:Ambox 16.46% 65.488 1 Template:Infobox_Convention 14.11% 56.135 7 Template:Fix 14.06% 55.919 1 Template:Infobox 9.20% 36.600 5 Template:Failed_verification 6.26% 24.898 1 Template:Cn Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34343827-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713184137 and revision id 1215061314. 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Nineteenth Century Women Fashion Accessory in England This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Victorian_slide_bracelet) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Victorian slide bracelet" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Victorian+slide+bracelet%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Victorian+slide+bracelet%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Victorian+slide+bracelet%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Victorian+slide+bracelet%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Victorian+slide+bracelet%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Victorian+slide+bracelet%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( October 2019 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Victorian_slide_bracelet&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Victorian+slide+bracelet&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Victorian+slide+bracelet) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Victorian_slide_bracelet) for suggestions. ( October 2019 ) The Victorian slide bracelet was a fashion accessory (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) formerly worn by many women in nineteenth century England (/wiki/England) . Before the creation of the wrist watch (/wiki/Wrist_watch) , Victorian (/wiki/Victorian_era) women wore their time piece on a neck chain that stayed in place with a decorative station that supported the watch (just under it). With a variety of these "stations" to wear with different outfits, they needed some use for all that jewelry after the wrist watch came into fashion. [1] (#cite_note-1) The various pieces were lined up on a 6 or 7 inch (15-18 cm) double chain with little gold balls for spacing them called slide bracelets. Even old stick pin heads were mounted on "blank slides" to add into these bracelets. [ citation needed ] References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Slide Bracelet" (https://www.langantiques.com/university/slide-bracelet/) . Lang Antique Jewelry University . This England (/wiki/England) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victorian_slide_bracelet&action=edit) . v t e This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . A James Abbe (/wiki/James_Abbe) Mark Abrahams (photographer) (/wiki/Mark_Abrahams_(photographer)) Lindsay Adler (/wiki/Lindsay_Adler) Robert Altman (photographer) (/wiki/Robert_Altman_(photographer)) Mark Arbeit (/wiki/Mark_Arbeit) Allan Arbus (/wiki/Allan_Arbus) Diane Arbus (/wiki/Diane_Arbus) David Attie (/wiki/David_Attie) Richard Avedon (/wiki/Richard_Avedon) Jerry Avenaim (/wiki/Jerry_Avenaim) B Lillian Bassman (/wiki/Lillian_Bassman) Jamie Beck (/wiki/Jamie_Beck) Douglas Bizzaro (/wiki/Douglas_Bizzaro) Douglas Bizzaro and Elizabeth Moss (/wiki/Douglas_Bizzaro_and_Elizabeth_Moss) Andrew Blake (director) (/wiki/Andrew_Blake_(director)) Andrea Blanch (/wiki/Andrea_Blanch) Adrien Broom (/wiki/Adrien_Broom) Anton Bruehl (/wiki/Anton_Bruehl) C Henry Clarke (photographer) (/wiki/Henry_Clarke_(photographer)) William Claxton (photographer) (/wiki/William_Claxton_(photographer)) Clifford Coffin (photographer) (/wiki/Clifford_Coffin_(photographer)) Howell Conant (/wiki/Howell_Conant) D Sante D'Orazio (/wiki/Sante_D%27Orazio) Louise Dahl-Wolfe (/wiki/Louise_Dahl-Wolfe) Richard Dean (model) (/wiki/Richard_Dean_(model)) Gleb Derujinsky (/wiki/Gleb_Derujinsky) Janice Dickinson (/wiki/Janice_Dickinson) Jordan Doner (/wiki/Jordan_Doner) E Frederick Eberstadt (/wiki/Frederick_Eberstadt) Arthur Elgort (/wiki/Arthur_Elgort) F Robert Farber (photographer) (/wiki/Robert_Farber_(photographer)) Patricia Faure (/wiki/Patricia_Faure) Otto Fenn (/wiki/Otto_Fenn) Fernand Fonssagrives (/wiki/Fernand_Fonssagrives) G Ara Gallant (/wiki/Ara_Gallant) Beth Garrabrant (/wiki/Beth_Garrabrant) Hannah Godwin (/wiki/Hannah_Godwin) Jennifer Graylock (/wiki/Jennifer_Graylock) Milton H. Greene (/wiki/Milton_H._Greene) Garry Gross (/wiki/Garry_Gross) H Philippe Halsman (/wiki/Philippe_Halsman) Erik Madigan Heck (/wiki/Erik_Madigan_Heck) William Helburn (/wiki/William_Helburn) Paul Himmel (/wiki/Paul_Himmel) George Holz (/wiki/George_Holz) George Hoyningen-Huene (/wiki/George_Hoyningen-Huene) J Carter Jones (photographer) (/wiki/Carter_Jones_(photographer)) Sam Jones (photographer) (/wiki/Sam_Jones_(photographer)) Jim Jordan (photographer) (/wiki/Jim_Jordan_(photographer)) K Bill King (photographer) (/wiki/Bill_King_(photographer)) Steven Klein (artist) (/wiki/Steven_Klein_(artist)) Murray Korman (/wiki/Murray_Korman) Peter Kovál (/wiki/Peter_Kov%C3%A1l) Nathaniel Kramer (/wiki/Nathaniel_Kramer) Martin Kunert (/wiki/Martin_Kunert) L David LaChapelle (/wiki/David_LaChapelle) Adelaide Leavy (/wiki/Adelaide_Leavy) Annie Leibovitz (/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz) Nadya Lev (/wiki/Nadya_Lev) Miko Lim (/wiki/Miko_Lim) George Platt Lynes (/wiki/George_Platt_Lynes) M Amanda Marsalis (/wiki/Amanda_Marsalis) Patrick McMullan (/wiki/Patrick_McMullan) Donald McPherson (photographer) (/wiki/Donald_McPherson_(photographer)) Steven Meisel (/wiki/Steven_Meisel) Doug Menuez (/wiki/Doug_Menuez) Radley Metzger (/wiki/Radley_Metzger) Christopher Morris (photographer) (/wiki/Christopher_Morris_(photographer)) Elizabeth Moss (/wiki/Elizabeth_Moss) N Sheryl Nields (/wiki/Sheryl_Nields) Michael Ninn (/wiki/Michael_Ninn) P Gordon Parks (/wiki/Gordon_Parks) Irving Penn (/wiki/Irving_Penn) Carl Perutz (/wiki/Carl_Perutz) Valerie Phillips (/wiki/Valerie_Phillips) Melanie Pullen (/wiki/Melanie_Pullen) R Traver Rains (/wiki/Traver_Rains) Robert Randall (photographer) (/wiki/Robert_Randall_(photographer)) Aaron Rapoport (/wiki/Aaron_Rapoport) John Rawlings (photographer) (/wiki/John_Rawlings_(photographer)) Mark Reay (/wiki/Mark_Reay) Michael Reinhardt (/wiki/Michael_Reinhardt) Bob Richardson (photographer) (/wiki/Bob_Richardson_(photographer)) Terry Richardson (/wiki/Terry_Richardson) Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) Jack Robinson (photographer) (/wiki/Jack_Robinson_(photographer)) Matthew Rolston (/wiki/Matthew_Rolston) Ben Rose (/wiki/Ben_Rose) Raeanne Rubenstein (/wiki/Raeanne_Rubenstein) Michael A. Russ (/wiki/Michael_A._Russ) Richard Rutledge (/wiki/Richard_Rutledge) S Suza Scalora (/wiki/Suza_Scalora) Francesco Scavullo (/wiki/Francesco_Scavullo) Scott Schuman (/wiki/Scott_Schuman) Ned Scott (/wiki/Ned_Scott) David Seidner (/wiki/David_Seidner) Stan Shaffer (/wiki/Stan_Shaffer) Mark Shaw (photographer) (/wiki/Mark_Shaw_(photographer)) Stewart Shining (/wiki/Stewart_Shining) Janell Shirtcliff (/wiki/Janell_Shirtcliff) Victor Skrebneski (/wiki/Victor_Skrebneski) Brian Smith (photographer) (/wiki/Brian_Smith_(photographer)) Rodney Smith (photographer) (/wiki/Rodney_Smith_(photographer)) Melvin Sokolsky (/wiki/Melvin_Sokolsky) Edward Steichen (/wiki/Edward_Steichen) T Michael Thompson (photographer) (/wiki/Michael_Thompson_(photographer)) Ronald Traeger (/wiki/Ronald_Traeger) Deborah Turbeville (/wiki/Deborah_Turbeville) U Steven Underhill (/wiki/Steven_Underhill) V Mark Velasquez (/wiki/Mark_Velasquez) W Barbra Walz (/wiki/Barbra_Walz) Bruce Weber (photographer) (/wiki/Bruce_Weber_(photographer)) Steven Paul Whitsitt (/wiki/Steven_Paul_Whitsitt) Y Becky Yee (/wiki/Becky_Yee) Austin Young (/wiki/Austin_Young) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:American_fashion_photographers&oldid=1217703576 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:American_fashion_photographers&oldid=1217703576) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Fashion photographers (/wiki/Category:Fashion_photographers) American photographers (/wiki/Category:American_photographers)
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< User:TheBeastdot (/wiki/User:TheBeastdot) Randall Newman Born Randall Shimanyana Newman ( 1999-01-12 ) January 12, 1999 (age 25) Gaborone (/wiki/Gaborone) , Botswana (/wiki/Botswana) Education St. Joseph's College, Kgale (/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_College,_Kgale) Occupations Entrepreneur Socialite model Years active 2015–present Height 5 ft 10.5 in (1.79 m) Parents Beauty Newman Jimmy Monoka Relatives Henry Newman (/w/index.php?title=Henry_Newman_(entrepreneur)&action=edit&redlink=1) (brother) Stephinah Newman (sister) Randall Shimanyana Newman ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English) ˈ r æ n d l , ˈnumən/ (/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English) ; [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) born January 12, 1999) [3] (#cite_note-3) is a Motswana (/wiki/Motswana) reality television (/wiki/Reality_television) personality, socialite (/wiki/Socialite) and model (/wiki/Model_(person)) . Newman began his modelling career when he was introduced to one of Botswana's major modelling agencies in Botswana and was signed immediately. After working in commercial print ad campaigns and photoshoots (/wiki/Photoshoots) , Newman had breakout seasons in 2016, walking the runways for high fashion designers in South Afica during Johannesburg Fashion Week. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Family and early life [ edit ] Randall Newman was born on January 12, 1999 in Gaborone (/wiki/Gaborone) with brother Henry Newman (/w/index.php?title=Henry_Newman_(entrepreneur)&action=edit&redlink=1) and sister Stephinah Newman. [6] (#cite_note-6) His father died when he was five years old. His father, Jimmy Monoka, was a police officer at Botswana Police Service (/wiki/Botswana_Police_Service) . Jimmy Monoka was later promoted to be president's personal guard. Newman was born and raised in Gaborone (/wiki/Gaborone) , the son of Beauty Newman, a junior school teacher at Moruakgomo Junior Secondary School. He grew up in Gaborone, and was raised catholic (/wiki/Catholicism) . He has two siblings, Henry and Stephinah, who are the same age as him. Newman was raised in a middle-class background, attending Tshegetsang Junior Secondary School [15] (/wiki/Kanye_West#cite_note-KWstBio5-15) in Molepolole. Newman's parents were never married. Beauty raised her children with the help of her mother, Josphine. Newman attended St. Joseph's College, Kgale (/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_College,_Kgale) . [7] (#cite_note-7) Career [ edit ] Modeling [ edit ] Newman began his modelling career when he was introduced by to one of Botswana's major modelling agencies in Botswana and was signed immediately. After working in commercial print ad campaigns and photoshoots (/wiki/Photoshoots) , Newman had breakout seasons in 2016, walking the runways for high fashion designers in South Afica during Johannesburg Fashion Week. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) [5] (#cite_note-:1-5) Business ventures [ edit ] Newman found Microdot Inc (/w/index.php?title=Microdot_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1) , [8] (#cite_note-8) a technology company (/wiki/Technology_company) headquartered in Gaborone (/wiki/Gaborone) , Botswana (/wiki/Botswana) , that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics (/wiki/Consumer_electronics) , computer software (/wiki/Software) , and online services with his brother Henry Newman early 2016. See also [ edit ] Microdot (/w/index.php?title=Microdot_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1) Henry Newman (/w/index.php?title=Henry_Newman_(entrepreneur)&action=edit&redlink=1) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Oxford Dictionaries - Dictionary, Thesaurus, & Grammar" (http://www.askoxford.com/firstnames/randall) . www.askoxford.com . Retrieved 2016-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Oxford Dictionaries - Dictionary, Thesaurus, & Grammar" (http://www.askoxford.com/surnames/newman) . www.askoxford.com . Retrieved 2016-08-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Randall Newman" (http://models.com/models/randall-newman) . Retrieved 2016-08-14 . ^ a b Dillon, Susan (2011-10-01). The Fundamentals of Fashion Management . A&C Black. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9782940411580 . ^ a b "MODELS.com's Industry Icons" (http://models.com/rankings/ui/IndustryIcons-All/) . Retrieved 2016-08-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "SKY Magazine Issue 7" (http://skygirlsbw.com/SKYIssuu7.html) . skygirlsbw.com . Retrieved 2016-08-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "ST JOSEPH'S COLLEGE" (http://www.localbotswana.com/company/12397/ST_JOSEPHS_COLLEGE) . LocalBotswana . Retrieved 2016-08-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Microdot" (http://microdotintl.com/) . Retrieved 2016-08-05 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.microdotintl.com/Randall-Newman) Randall Newman Profile (http://models.com/models/randall-newman) at Models.com TheBeastdot/sandbox at Wikipedia's sister projects Media (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/TheBeastdot/sandbox) from Commons News (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/TheBeastdot/sandbox) from Wikinews Portals (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) : Biography (/wiki/Portal:Biography) Fashion (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Botswana (/wiki/Portal:Botswana) Category:1999 births Category:Botswana models Category:Botswana child models Category:Botswana male models Category:Living people This Botswana (/wiki/Botswana) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Dutch fashion model (born 1997) Maartje Verhoef Verhoef in 2019 Born ( 1997-09-05 ) 5 September 1997 (age 26) Veldhoven (/wiki/Veldhoven) , The Netherlands (/wiki/The_Netherlands) Modeling information Height 1.79 m (5 ft 10 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Hair color Blonde Eye color Blue Agency Elite Model Management (/wiki/Elite_Model_Management) (New York) Oui Management (Paris) Women Management (/wiki/Women_Management) (Milan) Select Model Management (/wiki/Select_Model_Management) (London) R1 Mgmt (Barcelona) Seeds Management GmbH (Berlin) IMM Bruxelles (Brussels) Scoop Models (Copenhagen) Modellink (Gothenburg) Modelwerk (/w/index.php?title=Modelwerk&action=edit&redlink=1) (Hamburg) Public Image Management (Montreal) Munich Models (/wiki/Munich_Models) (Munich) [1] (#cite_note-1) Maartje Verhoef (born 5 September 1997) is a Dutch fashion model. Career [ edit ] Maartje Verhoef was discovered when a photographer who worked at her father's company asked her to replace a model who called in sick for a photoshoot. [2] (#cite_note-2) The photographer sent the pictures to Micha Models, which would become her mother agency. [3] (#cite_note-3) Verhoef started her fashion career in September 2012, by opening the Prada Spring/Summer 2013 runway show in Milan, as an exclusive. [4] (#cite_note-4) She also starred in the Prada ad campaign that season, shot by Steven Meisel. [5] (#cite_note-5) She became the top walker of the Spring/Summer 2014 season, when she walked 66 runway shows. [6] (#cite_note-6) Verhoef has walked in runway shows for the designers Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Ralph Lauren (/wiki/Ralph_Lauren) , Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) , Alexander Wang (/wiki/Alexander_Wang_(designer)) , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) , Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) , Tommy Hilfiger (/wiki/Tommy_Hilfiger) , Hugo Boss (/wiki/Hugo_Boss) , Vera Wang (/wiki/Vera_Wang) , Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , DKNY (/wiki/DKNY) , Donna Karan (/wiki/Donna_Karan) , Jil Sander (/wiki/Jil_Sander) , Fendi (/wiki/Fendi) , Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) , Max Mara (/wiki/Max_Mara) , Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) , Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) , Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Viktor & Rolf (/wiki/Viktor_%26_Rolf) , Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) , Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Balmain (/wiki/Balmain_(fashion_house)) , and Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) She has starred in ad campaigns for Prada (/wiki/Prada) , Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Giorgio_Armani) , Dior (/wiki/Dior) , Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) , Céline (/wiki/C%C3%A9line) , Salvatore Ferragamo (/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo) , Moschino (/wiki/Moschino) , Anna Sui (/wiki/Anna_Sui) , Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Coach (/wiki/Tapestry,_Inc.) , Valentino (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_designer)) , Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , and Giuseppe Zanotti (/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanotti) . [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) [14] (#cite_note-14) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Maartje Verhoef - Model" (https://models.com/models/maartje-verhoef) . Models.com . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "24 things you should know about Maartje Verhoef - H&M GB" (http://www2.hm.com/en_gb/life/culture/top-model-secrets/24-things-you-should-know-about-maartje-verhoef.html) . 2.hm.com . ^ (#cite_ref-3) [1] (https://www.vogue.nl/fashion/interviews/artikel/girl-scouts-micha-models%3C/ref%3E) [ dead link ] ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Maartje Verhoef: Model Off Duty, Fashoin, Image Looks" (https://www.lexicy.com/2023/06/maartje-verhoef.html) . Lexicy.com . Retrieved 22 Jun 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "We Don't Understand Prada's Spring 2013 Campaign Video But We Like It. A Lot" (https://fashionista.com/2013/02/watch-pradas-mesmerizing-spring-2013-campaign-video) . Fashionista.com . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Garced, Kristi (17 November 2014). "Most Popular Model of the Season: Maartje Verhoef" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/most-popular-model-of-the-season-maartje-verhoef-8027080/) . Wwd.com . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "The most in-demand models of A/W 16" (http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/fashion/fashion-news/news/g36677/the-top-most-in-demand-models-of-a-w16/?slide=7) . Harpersbazaar.co.uk . 14 March 2016 . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Max Mara Fall 2015 RTW Runway" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/max-mara-fall-2015-rtw-runway#18) . Vogue.com . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Dolce & Gabbana Trades Millennials for Models—And Wins" (https://www.vogue.com/article/dolce-gabbana-spring-2018-models-over-millennials) . Vogue.com . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Miu Miu Fall 2015 RTW Runway" (https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/miu-miu-fall-2015-rtw-runway#17) . Vogue.com . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) FashionModelDirectory.com, The FMD -. "Maartje Verhoef - Gallery with 388 fashion shows - Fashion Model - Models - The FMD - Page 1" (http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/maartje_verhoef/shows/) . The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : \|last= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Must Read: American Apparel Rejects Dov Charney's Takeover Bid, the Last Raf Simons-Era Dior Ads Are Out" (https://fashionista.com/2016/01/dior-spring-2016-ad-campaign) . Fashionista.com . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Watch Charles Atlas' new films for Calvin Klein" (https://i-d.vice.com/en_au/article/d3p5m7/watch-charles-atlas-new-films-for-calvin-klein) . I-d.vice.com . 7 August 2015 . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Giorgio Armani Goes Back to Basics" (http://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/a9169151/armani-spring17-campaign/) . Crfashionbook.com . 1 February 2017 . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "NICE ADS: DIOR SPRING/SUMMER 2016 - V Magazine" (https://vmagazine.com/article/nice-ads-dior-springsummer-2016/) . vmagazine.com . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Dazed (1 March 2016). "Your first look at Alexander McQueen's new fragrance ad" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/30099/1/your-first-look-alexander-mcqueen-s-new-fragrance-campaign) . Dazeddigital.com . Retrieved 12 April 2018 . 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American online fashion retailer Dolls Kill Company type Private (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Retail (/wiki/Retail) , apparel (/wiki/Apparel) , e-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) Founded 2011 Founder Shoddy Lynn Bobby Farahi Headquarters San Francisco, California (/wiki/San_Francisco,_California) , United States Area served Worldwide Key people Bobby Farahi ( CEO (/wiki/Chief_executive_officer) & co-founder) Shoddy Lynn (CCO & co-founder) Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) , decor (/wiki/Decor) Services Online retail Website www.dollskill.com (http://www.dollskill.com/) Dolls Kill is a global online fashion brand. The company was named the "Fastest Growing Retailer" in 2014 by Inc. magazine (/wiki/Inc._(magazine)) , which also included Dolls Kill as one of the "top companies in San Francisco". [1] (#cite_note-inc1-1) [2] (#cite_note-inc2-2) Dolls Kill operates a retail website that sells clothing, shoes and accessories and features six collections showcased by "Dolls", models that embody character personas for each collection's style. [3] (#cite_note-geekwire-3) Dolls Kill is known for featuring kawaii (/wiki/Kawaii) , punk (/wiki/Punk_fashion) , goth (/wiki/Goth_subculture) , streetwear (/wiki/Streetwear) and festival (/wiki/Music_festival) fashions. [4] (#cite_note-upstart-4) Since 2018 it has also licensed and operated the 1990s brand Delia's (/wiki/Delia%27s) as a sub-label. [5] (#cite_note-VoxDelias-5) History [ edit ] Dolls Kill was co-founded in 2011 by Shoddy Lynn, a former DJ (/wiki/DJ) who went by the stage name DJ Shoddy Lynn, [6] (#cite_note-sour-6) and her husband Bobby Farahi. [3] (#cite_note-geekwire-3) Previously, Farahi was the founder and CEO of Multivision Inc., a broadcast monitoring service that was sold to Bacons Information in 2005. [7] (#cite_note-bizjournal-7) [8] (#cite_note-bizjournal2-8) After Farahi sold his first company, the couple started Dolls Kill and it has reportedly been profitable since its launch. [9] (#cite_note-recode-9) Lynn originally entered the e-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) business by selling clothing on eBay (/wiki/EBay) . [9] (#cite_note-recode-9) [10] (#cite_note-sfracked-10) Later, Dolls Kill was launched as an online marketplace for eccentric accessories such as colorful fox tails before expanding its business to a full clothing and accessories online store. [11] (#cite_note-quality-11) The idea for the company stemmed from Lynn's experiences as a DJ while traveling to music festivals (/wiki/Music_festivals) on tour. [9] (#cite_note-recode-9) In 2014, Dolls Kill secured $5 million in a Series A round of funding from Maveron (/wiki/Maveron) , [10] (#cite_note-sfracked-10) a Seattle-based venture capital firm who has also invested in companies such as Shutterfly (/wiki/Shutterfly) , eBay (/wiki/EBay) , zulily (/wiki/Zulily) and Pinkberry (/wiki/Pinkberry) . [12] (#cite_note-fashinvest-12) After the funding round, Betsy McLaughlin (/wiki/Betsy_McLaughlin) , former CEO of Hot Topic (/wiki/Hot_Topic) , joined the company's board of directors. [9] (#cite_note-recode-9) Dolls Kill was the fastest growing private company in the San Francisco Bay Area (/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area) based on revenue percent growth in 2014. [13] (#cite_note-13) In the summer of 2017 Dolls Kill opened its first pop-up shop (/wiki/Pop-up_shop) in San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury (/wiki/Haight-Ashbury) . [14] (#cite_note-racked.com-14) In 2018, the brand licensed and re-launched the Delia's (/wiki/Delia%27s) brand with a 1990s-throwback theme. [5] (#cite_note-VoxDelias-5) [15] (#cite_note-Elle-DeliasReturns-15) In December of that year the brand raised $18 million in a funding round. [16] (#cite_note-16) Controversy [ edit ] In 2020, Lynn shared a photo of a line of police officers in front of a Dolls Kill store in Los Angeles with the caption " Direct Action (/wiki/Direct_Action) in its glory", along with the Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) hashtag, on her Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) page. [17] (#cite_note-blm-boycott-17) This prompted backlash from some internet users, including celebrities SZA (/wiki/SZA_(singer)) and Rico Nasty (/wiki/Rico_Nasty) , and calls for a boycott of Dolls Kill. [17] (#cite_note-blm-boycott-17) [18] (#cite_note-okon-18) In a recorded video Lynn explained that the caption of her post “ Direct Action (/wiki/Direct_Action) ” was meant to show solidarity for the movement. The company also pledged $1 million to purchase products from black-owned fashion brands and designers for their site. [17] (#cite_note-blm-boycott-17) [18] (#cite_note-okon-18) Dolls Kill has also been accused of stealing designs from small creators. In 2016, Dolls Kill listed an item that featured a design that was identical to one made by independent designer Nicole Orchard. [19] (#cite_note-19) Marketing methods [ edit ] Dolls Kill is an e-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) apparel website that uses social media marketing (/wiki/Social_media_marketing) to promote its brand and clothing. [20] (#cite_note-prcouture-20) Similar to companies such as Hot Topic (/wiki/Hot_Topic) , Spencer Gifts (/wiki/Spencer_Gifts) , Nasty Gal (/wiki/Nasty_Gal) , Wanelo (/wiki/Wanelo) , or ModCloth (/wiki/ModCloth) , Dolls Kill operates various accounts on social media platforms showcasing its products and collections. [21] (#cite_note-fintimes-21) The company also uses social media to turn customers into brand ambassadors (/wiki/Brand_ambassador) . When users share images of themselves on platforms such as Instagram wearing the site's apparel, Dolls Kill will in turn feature the photo on the site with links to the product's purchase page. [22] (#cite_note-22) [23] (#cite_note-blackfriday-23) Dolls Kill offers clothing products, such as tops, bottoms, dresses, swimwear, outerwear, and lingerie. The company also provides accessories, including bags and belts, beauty, hats and jewelry. In addition, it offers shoes, tights, and socks. [24] (#cite_note-bizweek-24) Registration is not required to shop on the Dolls Kill website, but users can create accounts to save billing and shipping information. The site is shut down for six hours before Black Friday (/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)) . [23] (#cite_note-blackfriday-23) Dolls Kill features six collections represented by characters known as "Dolls." Each Doll is a model that embodies the style of the collection's theme: [25] (#cite_note-pehub-25) [26] (#cite_note-aboutdolls-26) Coco, the feminine and girly collection referred to as "frilly Kawaii (/wiki/Kawaii) " Mercy, the dark, mysterious goth collection or haute Goth (/wiki/Gothic_fashion#Haute_goth) Willow, the laid-back, vintage collection for festival (/wiki/Music_festival) fashion Darby, the punk-rock (/wiki/Punk_fashion) , alternative collection [21] (#cite_note-fintimes-21) Kandi, the Electronic Dance Music (/wiki/Electronic_Dance_Music) (EDM), raver collection that lives a lifestyle of PLUR (/wiki/PLUR) . Mia, the collection that stays on top of online clothing trends. References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-inc1_1-0) "The 2014 Inc. 5000" (http://www.inc.com/inc5000/list/2014) . Inc. (/wiki/Inc._(magazine)) 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150207063342/http://www.inc.com/inc5000/list/2014) from the original on 7 February 2015 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-inc2_2-0) "Top Companies in the San Francisco Metro Area on the 2014 Inc. 5000" (http://www.inc.com/inc5000/list/2014/metro/san-francisco) . Inc. (/wiki/Inc._(magazine)) 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141028085903/http://www.inc.com/inc5000/list/2014/metro/san-francisco) from the original on 28 October 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ a b Cook, John (12 August 2014). "Maveron bankrolls edgy girls apparel retailer Dolls Kill, an online boutique for 'Misfits & Miss legits' (http://www.geekwire.com/2014/maveron-bankrolls-edgy-girls-apparel-retailer-dolls-kill-online-boutique-misfits-miss-legits/) " (http://www.geekwire.com/2014/maveron-bankrolls-edgy-girls-apparel-retailer-dolls-kill-online-boutique-misfits-miss-legits/) . GeekWire. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150604044949/http://www.geekwire.com/2014/maveron-bankrolls-edgy-girls-apparel-retailer-dolls-kill-online-boutique-misfits-miss-legits/) from the original on 4 June 2015 . Retrieved 23 November 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-upstart_4-0) Novellino, Teresa (13 February 2013). "With Olapic, your models—err, we mean customers—are money" (http://upstart.bizjournals.com/companies/startups/2013/02/13/olapic-funnels-user-content-to-retailers.html?page=all) . Upstart Business Journal . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129162628/http://upstart.bizjournals.com/companies/startups/2013/02/13/olapic-funnels-user-content-to-retailers.html?page=all) from the original on 29 November 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ a b Brooke, Eliza (November 2, 2018). "Delia's, the iconic '90s fashion catalog, is back — sort of" (https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/11/2/18051852/delias-by-dolls-kill) . Vox. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200101173642/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/11/2/18051852/delias-by-dolls-kill) from the original on January 1, 2020 . Retrieved January 1, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-sour_6-0) "Sourpuss Interviews Dolls Kill!" (http://www.sourpussclothing.com/blog/2014/07/25/sourpuss-interviews-dolls-kill/) . SourPuss. 25 July 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141219022725/http://www.sourpussclothing.com/blog/2014/07/25/sourpuss-interviews-dolls-kill/) from the original on 19 December 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-bizjournal_7-0) Brown, Steven E.F. (30 January 2005). "Multivision: Big profits from the small screen" (http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2005/01/31/smallb1.html?page=all) . San Francisco Business Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129162627/http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2005/01/31/smallb1.html?page=all) from the original on 29 November 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-bizjournal2_8-0) "Multivision sold to Chicago company" (http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2005/10/31/daily16.html) . San Francisco Business Times. 1 November 2005. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129162630/http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2005/10/31/daily16.html) from the original on 29 November 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ a b c d Del Rey, Jason (11 August 2014). "Flesh, Drugs and Instagram: How Dolls Kill Built a Breakout Online Fashion Brand" (http://recode.net/2014/08/11/flesh-drugs-and-instagram-how-dolls-kill-built-a-breakout-online-fashion-brand/) . Recode. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141111073001/http://recode.net/2014/08/11/flesh-drugs-and-instagram-how-dolls-kill-built-a-breakout-online-fashion-brand/) from the original on 11 November 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ a b Hagan Cain, Robyn (11 August 2014). "Fashion Math: eBay + Social Media = Retail Jackpot" (http://sf.racked.com/archives/2014/08/11/fashion-math-ebay-social-media-retail-jackpot.php) . Racked. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201106204321/https://sf.racked.com/2014/8/11/7582063/fashion-math-ebay-social-media-retail-jackpot) from the original on 6 November 2020 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-quality_11-0) "One Teaspoon Clothing Now Available In The USA On Dolls Kill" (http://www.qualityarticles.com/one-teaspoon-clothing-now-available-in-the-usa-on-dolls-kill.htm) . QualityArticle. 20 April 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129044139/http://www.qualityarticles.com/one-teaspoon-clothing-now-available-in-the-usa-on-dolls-kill.htm) from the original on 29 November 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-fashinvest_12-0) "Dolls Kill Closes $5 Million in Series A Funding led by Maveron" (http://www.fashinvest.com/dolls-kill-closes-5-million-series-funding-led-maveron/) . FashInvest. 11 August 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129151613/http://www.fashinvest.com/dolls-kill-closes-5-million-series-funding-led-maveron/) from the original on 29 November 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The Bay Area's 100 largest fastest-growing private companies Ranked by Percent growth" (http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/subscriber-only/2014/10/24/fast-100-bay-area.html/) . American City Business Journals. 24 October 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150705224204/http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/subscriber-only/2014/10/24/fast-100-bay-area.html) from the original on 5 July 2015 . Retrieved 29 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-racked.com_14-0) "Dolls Kill, the Nasty Gal for People Too Cool for Nasty Gal, Goes Mainstream" (https://www.racked.com/2017/8/21/16169226/dolls-kill-clothing-festival-style) . Racked. 21 August 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170822165611/https://www.racked.com/2017/8/21/16169226/dolls-kill-clothing-festival-style) from the original on 22 August 2017 . Retrieved 22 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-Elle-DeliasReturns_15-0) Krentcil, Faran (November 2, 2018). "The Delia*s Catalog Is Back" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/trend-reports/a24532119/delias-catalog-returns/) . Elle. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200101170047/https://www.elle.com/fashion/trend-reports/a24532119/delias-catalog-returns/) from the original on January 1, 2020 . Retrieved January 1, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) Loizos, Connie (December 24, 2018). "Dolls Kill is raising up to $15 million for its edgy fashion brand made for 'misfits' (https://techcrunch.com/2018/12/24/dolls-kill-is-raising-up-to-15-million-for-is-edgy-fashion-brand-made-for-misfits/) " (https://techcrunch.com/2018/12/24/dolls-kill-is-raising-up-to-15-million-for-is-edgy-fashion-brand-made-for-misfits/) . TechCrunch . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035903/https://techcrunch.com/2018/12/24/dolls-kill-is-raising-up-to-15-million-for-is-edgy-fashion-brand-made-for-misfits/) from the original on December 26, 2018 . Retrieved December 26, 2018 . ^ a b c Smith-Engelhardt, Joe (June 1, 2020). "People Are Calling for a Dolls Kill Boycott Over the Owner's Protest Comment" (https://www.altpress.com/news/dolls-kill-black-lives-matter-boycotts/) . Alternative Press (/wiki/Alternative_Press_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200603155220/https://www.altpress.com/news/dolls-kill-black-lives-matter-boycotts/) from the original on June 3, 2020 . Retrieved June 6, 2020 . ^ a b Okon, Wongo (June 4, 2020). "SZA And Rico Nasty Condemn Dolls Kill For Calling The Police On Black Lives Matter Protestors" (https://uproxx.com/music/sza-rico-nasty-condemns-dolls-kill-brand/) . Uproxx (/wiki/Uproxx) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200605081013/https://uproxx.com/music/sza-rico-nasty-condemns-dolls-kill-brand/) from the original on June 5, 2020 . Retrieved June 6, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) SFGATE, Ariana Bindman (2021-02-18). "Designers accuse buzzy SF fashion startup of plagiarism" (https://www.sfgate.com/culture/editorspicks/article/Dolls-Kill-plagiarism-sf-local-clothing-designers-15943404.php) . SFGATE . Retrieved 2022-03-08 . ^ (#cite_ref-prcouture_20-0) "How Fashion Brands Lululemon, Free People and Dolls Kill are Increasing on Site Engagement & Sales" (http://www.prcouture.com/2013/03/04/how-fashion-brands-lululemon-free-people-and-dolls-kill-are-increasing-on-site-engagement-sales/) . PR Couture. 4 March 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129114939/http://www.prcouture.com/2013/03/04/how-fashion-brands-lululemon-free-people-and-dolls-kill-are-increasing-on-site-engagement-sales/) from the original on 29 November 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ a b Mishkin, Sarah; Paton, Elizabeth (30 April 2014). "The new style counsel start-ups" (https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/b78aa6f8-cb09-11e3-ba9d-00144feabdc0.html#slide0) . Financial Times . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Forte, Daniela (22 June 2015). "5 Tips to Turn Followers into Buyers" (http://multichannelmerchant.com/marketing/5-tips-to-turn-followers-into-buyers-22062015/#_) . Access Intelligence, LLC. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150920073510/http://multichannelmerchant.com/marketing/5-tips-to-turn-followers-into-buyers-22062015/#_) from the original on 20 September 2015 . Retrieved 29 October 2015 . ^ a b Quittner, David (26 November 2015). " (http://www.inc.com/jeremy-quittner/black-friday-tips-from-fast-growth-companies.html) 'Tis the Season to Sell, Sell, Sell: How Fast-growth Companies Manage Black Friday" (http://www.inc.com/jeremy-quittner/black-friday-tips-from-fast-growth-companies.html) . Inc.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151030151059/http://www.inc.com/jeremy-quittner/black-friday-tips-from-fast-growth-companies.html) from the original on 30 October 2015 . Retrieved 29 October 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-bizweek_24-0) "Company Overview of Dolls Kill, Inc" (https://archive.today/20141123191007/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=270093958) . Business Week. 13 November 2014. Archived from the original (http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=270093958) on November 23, 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-pehub_25-0) Witkowsky, Chris (12 August 2014). "Maveron leads $5 mln funding in Dolls Kill" (https://www.pehub.com/2014/08/maveron-leads-5-mln-funding-in-dolls-kill/) . Reuters, PE Hub. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141129052200/https://www.pehub.com/2014/08/maveron-leads-5-mln-funding-in-dolls-kill/) from the original on 29 November 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-aboutdolls_26-0) "About Dolls Kill" (http://www.dollskill.com/about) . Dolls Kill. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141112204953/http://www.dollskill.com/about) from the original on 12 November 2014 . Retrieved 23 November 2014 . 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This is the talk page (/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines) for discussing improvements to the Human hair (/wiki/Template:Human_hair) template. Put new text under old text. Click here to start a new topic. (/wiki/Special:NewSection/Template_talk:Human_hair) New to Wikipedia? Welcome! Learn to edit (/wiki/Help:Introduction) ; get help (/wiki/Wikipedia:Questions) . Assume good faith (/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith) Be polite (/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility) and avoid personal attacks (/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks) Be welcoming to newcomers (/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers) Seek dispute resolution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_requests) if needed This template does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) : Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This template is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONDESKTOP__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Anna_Frodesiak-2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Updating_the_other_template-2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z","replies":["c-Anna_Frodesiak-2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T08:35:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T09:36:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T22:43:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template"],"text":"Updating the other template","linkableTitle":"Updating the other template"} Updating the other template [ edit ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Anna_Frodesiak-2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Updating_the_other_template-2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z","replies":["c-Anna_Frodesiak-2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T08:35:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T09:36:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T22:43:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template"]}} __DTLATESTCOMMENTTHREAD__{"id":"c-Anna_Frodesiak-2013-08-06T19:05:00.000Z-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T22:43:00.000Z","timestamp":"2013-08-06T19:05:00.000Z"}__ __DTCOMMENTCOUNT__7__ __DTAUTHORCOUNT__2__ __DTSUBSCRIBEBUTTONMOBILE__{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Anna_Frodesiak-2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Updating_the_other_template-2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z","replies":["c-Anna_Frodesiak-2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T08:35:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T09:36:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T22:43:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template"],"text":"Updating the other template","linkableTitle":"Updating the other template"} I'll wait a day to update Template:Human hair (/wiki/Template:Human_hair) . Anna Frodesiak (/wiki/User:Anna_Frodesiak) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Anna_Frodesiak) ) 17:51, 28 November 2011 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Human_hair#c-Anna_Frodesiak-2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z","author":"Anna Frodesiak","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Anna_Frodesiak-2011-11-28T17:51:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","replies":[]}} As far as I am aware there is no rule that states that only one name for a style can appear in the list of hairstyles in the human hair footer. These are common names for very common haircuts worn by literally billions of guys. Guys in general are not very knowledgeable about different styles and may know a style by one name but not know it by another name. If a guy looks at a list of styles that allegedly contains the hairstyles listed in Wikipedia and does not see the style listed by the name he knows, he assumes there is not any information in Wikipedia on that style. The purpose of this list is to help people locate information on hairstyles so there is no reason why the alternate English language names for extremely common styles should not be listed in the list of styles. This is somewhat similar to taking a position that since a card catalog in the library has the books listed by their subjects, there is no need to list them by their titles. In this case the name under which the Wikipedia article appears is the subject and the alternate names are the titles. The issue is that many guys only know the title they are familiar with and do not know the name the article appears in Wikipedia, the subject. There are differences in names between the US, UK, Ireland, Canada, and Australia, not to mention that there are also those who are not native English speakers who read the English version of Wikipedia. If alternate names for very common male styles cannot be listed, the list of styles has diminished value. It is not clear what is meant by the comment "piping from colloquial names is very confusing." so I cannot comment directly to that . Thanks! MiltonPB (/wiki/User:MiltonPB) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:MiltonPB) ) 08:35, 5 August 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Human_hair#c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T08:35:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-08-05T08:35:00.000Z","author":"MiltonPB","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T08:35:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","replies":["c-Anna_Frodesiak-2013-08-05T09:06:00.000Z-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T08:35:00.000Z"]}} You have a good point. The thing is that you are visually replacing the common name with a less common name. Anna Frodesiak (/wiki/User:Anna_Frodesiak) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Anna_Frodesiak) ) 09:06, 5 August 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Human_hair#c-Anna_Frodesiak-2013-08-05T09:06:00.000Z-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T08:35:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-08-05T09:06:00.000Z","author":"Anna Frodesiak","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Anna_Frodesiak-2013-08-05T09:06:00.000Z-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T08:35:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Not sure how anything is being visually replaced; several names are commonly used for a style so several names appear in the list as should be the case since the point of the list is to help find information on styles with articles in Wikipedia, a reference resource, or if that is not the list's raison d'etre, then what is the point of the list? Also, what is a more common name in the United States is not necessarily a more common name in the UK, Canada, Ireland or Australia. The only reason it is more common is because three hundred million English speakers live in the US and the population of the other named English speaking countries is not even half the US population, but that has little relevance to a guy who lives in Liverpool and has never been outside of the UK. It would seem that if anything is replacing something, visually or not, it is only including the most common US name for a style in a reference resource regardless that it might not be the most common name in the UK, Australia etc; that is replacing the indigenous British, Australian etc name for a certain style with the US name. Thanks! MiltonPB (/wiki/User:MiltonPB) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:MiltonPB) ) 09:36, 5 August 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Human_hair#c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T09:36:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-08-05T09:36:00.000Z","author":"MiltonPB","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T09:36:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","replies":["c-Anna_Frodesiak-2013-08-05T09:51:00.000Z-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T09:36:00.000Z"]}} You have a good point again. So, do you want the template to have several common names that go to the same article? I saw at least one that you created. I'm not sure that's a good idea. Also, if you want piping (/wiki/Wikipedia:Piped_link) , then what you're saying is that the visible link is more common that the actual article it pipes to. Is that right? Because if it is, then shouldn't the article itself be moved to the more common name? Anna Frodesiak (/wiki/User:Anna_Frodesiak) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Anna_Frodesiak) ) 09:51, 5 August 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Human_hair#c-Anna_Frodesiak-2013-08-05T09:51:00.000Z-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T09:36:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-08-05T09:51:00.000Z","author":"Anna Frodesiak","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Anna_Frodesiak-2013-08-05T09:51:00.000Z-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T09:36:00.000Z","replies":[]}} Yes, the alternate names should lead to the article of the style that the alternate name describes. The point being stated regarding piping is not clear; there are numerous piped style names in the list aside from the ones I added that were deleted. If the name of the article in Wikipedia is not the most common name it is due to the most common name not being available since it is already in use in Wikipedia; for instance, the person, posting while not logged in, who deleted the names I added to the list added the piped name Crop for Crop(hairstyle) since, Crop, is not available for the hairstyle on Wikipedia. Thanks! MiltonPB (/wiki/User:MiltonPB) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:MiltonPB) ) 22:43, 5 August 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Human_hair#c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T22:43:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-08-05T22:43:00.000Z","author":"MiltonPB","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T22:43:00.000Z-Updating_the_other_template","replies":["c-Anna_Frodesiak-2013-08-06T19:05:00.000Z-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T22:43:00.000Z"]}} I think I must be getting slightly retarded. I'm having trouble understanding what you write. If you want to have different common words for certain haircuts that go to the same article, like [[Butch cut\|Burr]] and [[Butch cut\|Short brush cut]], that's fine with me. Anna Frodesiak (/wiki/User:Anna_Frodesiak) ( talk (/wiki/User_talk:Anna_Frodesiak) ) 19:05, 6 August 2013 (UTC) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Human_hair#c-Anna_Frodesiak-2013-08-06T19:05:00.000Z-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T22:43:00.000Z) [ reply ] __DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2013-08-06T19:05:00.000Z","author":"Anna Frodesiak","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Anna_Frodesiak-2013-08-06T19:05:00.000Z-MiltonPB-2013-08-05T22:43:00.000Z","replies":[]}} NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐7f6ccc574b‐q96qn Cached time: 20240718204129 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.013 seconds CPU time usage: 0.220 seconds Real time usage: 0.369 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 950/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11352/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2270/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 32/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 10142/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.112/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1609264/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 262.171 1 -total 57.03% 149.528 1 Template:Talk_header 42.92% 112.518 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell 27.63% 72.441 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 19.06% 49.969 1 Template:Yearly_archive_list 17.53% 45.969 1 Template:Pagetype 16.45% 43.140 1 Template:For_loop 10.46% 27.436 23 Template:Ifexist_not_redirect 0.85% 2.221 1 Template:Main_other 0.75% 1.960 1 Template:Strong Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:32070414-0!canonical and timestamp 20240718204129 and revision id 1231882481. 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United States historic place Virginia Trunk & Bag Company U.S. National Register of Historic Places (/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places) Virginia Landmarks Register (/wiki/Virginia_Landmarks_Register) Show map of Virginia Show map of the United States Show all Location 600 W. Wythe St., Petersburg, Virginia (/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia) Coordinates 37°13′26″N 77°24′40″W / 37.22389°N 77.41111°W / 37.22389; -77.41111 Area 6.3 acres (2.5 ha) Built 1903 ( 1903 ) Architectural style Late 19th And Early 20th Century American Movements NRHP reference No. 09001157 (https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/09001157) [1] (#cite_note-nris-1) VLR No. 123-5423 Significant dates Added to NRHP December 23, 2009 Designated VLR September 17, 2009 [2] (#cite_note-register-2) Virginia Trunk & Bag Company is a historic factory (/wiki/Factory) complex located at Petersburg, Virginia (/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia) . It was constructed in several phases between 1903 and about 1931. The two contributing buildings are the trunk factory building (1903) and storage and shipping building (1903). The two buildings are connected by two enclosed pedestrian bridges. The trunk factory is a four-story brick building with a number of additions. The storage and shipping building is a three- and four-story brick building. The railroad spur is a contributing site. [3] (#cite_note-VAnom-3) It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places) in 2009. [1] (#cite_note-nris-1) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "National Register Information System" (https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP) . National Register of Historic Places (/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places) . National Park Service (/wiki/National_Park_Service) . July 9, 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-register_2-0) "Virginia Landmarks Register" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053819/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/register_counties_cities.htm) . Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived from the original (http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/register_counties_cities.htm) on 21 September 2013 . Retrieved 19 March 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-VAnom_3-0) Sarah McPhail & Marcus Pollard (June 2009). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Virginia Trunk & Bag Company" (http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Petersburg/123-5423_VA_Trunk_&_Bag_Company_2009_NR_FINAL.pdf) (PDF) . 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(/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Virginia) Keeper of the Register (/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register) History of the National Register of Historic Places (/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places) Property types (/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types) Historic district (/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States) Contributing property (/wiki/Contributing_property) This article about a property in Petersburg, Virginia on the National Register of Historic Places (/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Petersburg,_Virginia) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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French footwear manufacturer Pataugas A Pataugas shop Industry footwear (/wiki/Footwear) Founded 1950 Founder René Elissabid Headquarters Aix-en-Provence (/wiki/Aix-en-Provence) , France Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) VGM Holding Website https://www.pataugas.com/ (https://www.pataugas.com/) Pataugas is a French shoe brand, headquartered in Aix-en-Provence (/wiki/Aix-en-Provence) . The company was founded in 1950 to market the Pataugas work and hiking shoe, and has since expanded to offer a range of hiking and leisure footwear. In 2023 the brand was acquired by VGM Holding, who announced that they would not be retaining the employees or the company's stores. Original Pataugas shoe [ edit ] The Pataugas shoe is derived from the brodequin (/w/index.php?title=Brodequin_(shoe)&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/brodequin_(chaussure)) ] , a traditional short boot worn in the Basque country (/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)) , with the addition of a crêpe rubber (/wiki/Crepe_rubber) outsole (/wiki/Shoe#Shoe_construction) vulcanised (/wiki/Vulcanised) using a gas flame. [1] (#cite_note-Echos-1) [2] (#cite_note-Histoire-2) The name pataugas is a phonetic spelling of the French pâte au gaz , meaning '[rubber] paste with gas'. History [ edit ] The Pataugas shoe was invented by René Elissabid (/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Elissabid&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Elissabid) ] , an industrialist from the village of Mauleon (/wiki/Maul%C3%A9on-Licharre) in the province of Soule (/wiki/Soule) , who founded the company in 1950. The boots became popular among Scouts, hikers, and members of the French military. Three hikers named Etcheberry, Etchegoyen and Etchebarne (dubbed "the 3 Etch") wore them on their 1955 walk through France promoting Basque culture and products, which started in Mauléon and ended in Lille (/wiki/Lille) . [2] (#cite_note-Histoire-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) Manufacturing remained in Mauléon until 1995. [4] (#cite_note-4) The Pataugas brand was distributed by Groupe Royer (/w/index.php?title=Groupe_Royer&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_Royer) ] , a French shoe distributor, and then by the French clothing and footwear group Groupe André, later Vivarte (/w/index.php?title=Vivarte&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarte) ] , who acquired it in 1987. [1] (#cite_note-Echos-1) The company's footwear was sold primarily in department store boutiques; it also had a small number of its own shops and sold online. [5] (#cite_note-Fashion-5) [6] (#cite_note-Boursier-6) Hopps Group (/w/index.php?title=Hopps_Group&action=edit&redlink=1) [ fr (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopps_Group) ] , an investment partnership, bought the brand in 2017 [6] (#cite_note-Boursier-6) and expanded the number of shops, promoting it as a casual chic (/wiki/Casual_chic) brand. [5] (#cite_note-Fashion-5) [7] (#cite_note-7) Footwear offered by Pataugas in 1955 In 1953, after a visit to the United States, Elissabid added a model of boots called Texas to the company's offerings. As of February 2018 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pataugas&action=edit) , Pataugas offered 35 men's footwear options, 110 of women's, and about 15 for children, in addition to its first leather bag. [5] (#cite_note-Fashion-5) In 2021, the brand adopted a new logo, revamped its collections, and returned some production from Portugal to France. [8] (#cite_note-8) In 2023, VGM Holding, the parent of the footwear distributor Chaussea, purchased the Pataugas brand and design rights. They announced that they would not be retaining the employees or the sales outlets; some of the shops were transferred to a different chain. [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) The remaining two shops are to close in January 2024. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) References [ edit ] ^ a b Aroun Benhaddou (17 March 2017). "Les chaussures Pataugas bientôt revendues à trois entrepreneurs" (https://www.lesechos.fr/2017/03/les-chaussures-pataugas-bientot-revendues-a-trois-entrepreneurs-164257) . Les Échos (in French). ^ a b "Notre historique" (https://web.archive.org/web/20211129080215/https://www.pataugas.com/pages/notre-histoire#/1950) . Pataugas (in French). Archived from the original (https://www.pataugas.com/pages/notre-histoire#/1950) on 29 November 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Sur les traces des trois 'Etche', entre promotion et humanitaire" (https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2017/05/02/2566670-sur-les-traces-des-trois-etche-entre-promotion-et-humanitaire.html) . La Dépêche (in French). 2 May 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Pierre Etcheleku (14 April 1995). "Les légendaires Pataugas terminent leur course" (https://www.lesechos.fr/1995/04/les-legendaires-pataugas-terminent-leur-course-855563) . Les Échos (in French). ^ a b c Sarah Ahssen (2 February 2018). "Pataugas relance le développement de son réseau de boutiques" (https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/pataugas-relance-le-developpement-de-son-reseau-de-boutiques,940901.html#.WytHMBIzZBw) . Fashion Network (in French). ^ a b Marianne Davril (10 May 2017). "La marque de chaussures Pataugas cédée par Vivarte" (https://www.boursier.com/actualites/economie/la-marque-de-chaussures-pataugas-cedee-par-vivarte-35719.html?fil16) . Boursier . No. 10h18. ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Reprise à Vivarte par Hopps Group en avril 2017, la marque de chaussures casual chic ouvre de nouvelles succursales" (https://www.laprovence.com/article/edition-marseille/5050409/pataugas-croissance-a-grandes-enjambees.html) . La Provence (in French). 4 July 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Chenu Alexis (29 March 2021). "Pataugas se relance avec une nouvelle identité et une relocalisation française" (https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Pataugas-se-relance-avec-une-nouvelle-identite-et-une-relocalisation-francaise,1290377.html) . Fashion Network (in French). ^ (#cite_ref-9) Marion Deslandes (20 October 2023). "VGM Holding, propriétaire de Chaussea, rachète le nom de marque Pataugas" (https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/Vgm-holding-proprietaire-de-chaussea-rachete-le-nom-de-marque-pataugas,1568891.html) . Fashion Network (in French). ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Le groupe aixois Hopps Group cède la marque Pataugas à VGM Holding" (https://www.lejournaldesentreprises.com/region-sud/breve/le-groupe-aixois-hopps-group-cede-la-marque-pataugas-vgm-holding-2072653) . Le Journal des entreprises (in French). 27 October 2023. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "À Nancy, cette marque va fermer l'un de ses derniers magasins de chaussures en France" (https://actu.fr/grand-est/nancy_54395/a-nancy-cette-marque-va-fermer-l-un-de-ses-derniers-magasins-de-chaussures-en-france_60589839.html) . Actu.fr (in French). 20 January 2024. ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Aix-en-Provence: la fin de la marche aixoise pour la marque Pataugas" (https://www.laprovence.com/article/economie/28764006885602/aix-en-provence-la-fin-de-la-marche-aixoise-pour-la-marque-pataugas) . La Provence (in French). 14 November 2023. External links [ edit ] Media related to Pataugas (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pataugas) at Wikimedia Commons Official website (http://www.pataugas.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐mhnv7 Cached time: 20240719101828 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.316 seconds Real time usage: 0.798 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2546/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32864/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1878/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 7/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 47060/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.180/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6019584/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 389.168 1 -total 37.61% 146.374 1 Template:Reflist 30.80% 119.865 10 Template:Cite_news 26.80% 104.288 1 Template:Infobox_company 23.79% 92.583 1 Template:Infobox 18.66% 72.621 1 Template:Short_description 11.13% 43.305 2 Template:Pagetype 5.56% 21.642 1 Template:As_of 5.36% 20.859 12 Template:Main_other 5.17% 20.118 5 Template:Ill Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:44332838-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719101828 and revision id 1222740846. 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Malay traditional clothing Etugrulghazi/sandbox Tani Yutaka (/wiki/Tani_Yutaka) , the Malayan (/wiki/British_Malaya) -Japanese secret agent, photographed in Baju Melayu Type Traditional dress Place of origin Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) Manufacturer Malays (/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)) Baju Melayu ( Jawi (/wiki/Jawi_script) : باجو ملايو) is a traditional Malay (/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)) costume for men, originated from the court of Malacca Sultanate (/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate) and is traditionally worn by men in Brunei (/wiki/Brunei) , Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) , Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) , parts of Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) (especially Sumatra (/wiki/Sumatra) and Kalimantan (/wiki/Kalimantan) ), southern Philippines (/wiki/Philippines) , and southern Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoh-2) In its formal form, Baju Melayu is the national dress (/wiki/National_dress) of Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECondra2013465-3) and Brunei (/wiki/Brunei) , [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChavalitPhromsuthirak200010-4) typically worn during official events and functions. A basic combination of Baju Melayu attire comes in two main parts. The first being the baju (long-sleeved shirt) itself which has either raised stiff collar known as the cekak musang collar (literally fox's leash) or the round neckline with a short slit opening down the front, known as the teluk belanga collar. The second part is the trousers called celana or seluar . [5] (#cite_note-5) The two parts are made out of the same type of fabric which is usually cotton, or a mixture of polyester and cotton. In a formal attire, a skirt-type adornment is added, which is either the samping (/wiki/Samping) , made out of songket (/wiki/Songket) , tenun (/wiki/Tenun_Pahang_Diraja) cloth or the sarong (/wiki/Sarong) , made out of cotton or a polyester mix. Jet-black or dark-colored headgear called the songkok (/wiki/Songkok) to be worn to complete the formal attire. For a ceremonial attire or known in Malay as sepersalinan , commonly worn during cultural functions, the songkok (/wiki/Songkok) headgear typically replaced with the tengkolok (/wiki/Tengkolok) . [6] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECondra2013468-6) The normal baju can sometimes be substituted with a combination of tekua [7] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdullah_Abdul_Kadir200570-7) (a type of short sleeves jacket). In a more elaborate dress, baju sikap or baju layang (a type of coat) [8] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail200676-8) [9] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChavalitPhromsuthirak2000116–120-9) and pending (ornamental belt buckle) are worn. [10] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006227-10) Optional accessories include a kris tucked into the samping folded at the waist, [11] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail200685-11) and a traditional capal (sandal). [12] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohd_Said_Bin_Haji_Sulaiman20088-12) Name [ edit ] The term 'Baju Melayu' literally means the 'Malay shirt (/wiki/Shirt) '. The word baju ( Jawi (/wiki/Jawi_script) : باجو ‎ ) is derived from Persian (/wiki/Persian_language) : بازو , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) 'upper arm', [13] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006167-13) while Melayu ( Jawi (/wiki/Jawi_script) : ملايو ‎ ) is the endonym (/wiki/Endonym) for Malay peoples (/wiki/Malay_people) . The earliest literary reference to the term 'Baju Melayu' was from the Malay Annals (/wiki/Malay_Annals) , written sometime between 15th to 16th centuries. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeyden1821271-14) [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdul_Samad_Ahmad1979207-15) However, its early usage in the literature might possibly in generic form, referring to the general Malay clothing, rather than a specific type of outfit. [16] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006137-16) [17] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006168-17) An alternative term, the 'Baju Kurung' ( Jawi (/wiki/Jawi_script) : باجو كوروڠ ‎ ) literally 'concealed' or 'enclosed dress', which was also a generic one, is thought to be introduced later, supposedly coined for the design created by Temenggung Tun Hasan during the reign of Sultan Mahmud Shah, that manage to conceal most of body parts. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeh2019-18) [19] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChavalitPhromsuthirak200090-19) It was this term, that embodies the philosophical foundation for the dress of both men and women, that became popular for the next hundreds of years after Melaka Sultanate (/wiki/Melaka_Sultanate) . [20] (#cite_note-20) However, in modern Malaysia, the men's outfit was renamed 'Baju Melayu' to distinguish it from the women’s outfit which remain to be known as Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) . Nevertheless, the generic use of the term 'Baju Kurung' survived in Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) and it continued to refer to the traditional outfits for both sexes. [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoh-2) History [ edit ] Men and women have their hair in a knot, and are clad with a single piece of cloth. Girls of rich families wear four or five golden circles on their foreheads, and the daughters of the common people use strings of colored glass beads instead. — Xingcha Shenglan (/wiki/Xingcha_Shenglan) . [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinehan19737-21) The early Malay clothing style, like most of the tropical world, was simple and using a single piece of cloth for both sexes. This was the description by Fei Xin (/wiki/Fei_Xin) , a Chinese Muslim (/wiki/Chinese_Muslim) and an Arabic scholar who wrote an account about pre-Islamic Pahang (/wiki/Old_Pahang_Kingdom) in the Xingcha Shenglan (/wiki/Xingcha_Shenglan) . [21] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinehan19737-21) The rise of Melaka Sultanate in the 15th century brought about significant changes to the Malay clothing style. As an important trading port, Melaka emerged not only as a commercial, but also a cultural and religious centre. The strong infusion of Islamic values as well as the extensive influence brought by multi-ethnic trading communities, encouraged the development of different aspects of Malay culture; language, literature, arts and cultures. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeh2019-18) The strong Islamic influence had transformed the early Malay clothing styles in accordance to Islamic values. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeh2019-18) [22] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006104-22) The first literary reference to 'Baju Melayu' was from the Malay Annals (/wiki/Malay_Annals) written during the heyday of Melaka Sultanate. [14] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeyden1821271-14) [15] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdul_Samad_Ahmad1979207-15) The Malay Annals (/wiki/Malay_Annals) attributes the introduction of court protocol and dress codes and other rules to Sultan Muhammad Shah (/wiki/Muhammad_Shah_of_Malacca) (1424-1444). The legal code of the sultanate, Undang-Undang Melaka (/wiki/Undang-Undang_Melaka) is also thought first promulgated in this period. During Muhammad Shah's reign, it was decreed that the manner of Malay dress must be distinct from those of the foreign lands, be it from atas angin (Arab, India and Europe) or bawah angin (China and Khmer). [23] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006107-23) It was believed that from this era, the early form of a distinctive Malay dress, consisting of the basic kain (cloth), baju (shirt), and destar (/wiki/Tengkolok) (headdress), began to take shape in Melakan society. [24] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail200675-24) [25] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdul_Samad_Ahmad197974-25) [26] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeyden182194-26) In later years of the sultanate, a proper ceremonial dress of a Malay men, called lima persalinan ('five clothing parts') which was described in the Hikayat Hang Tuah (/wiki/Hikayat_Hang_Tuah) , is said to appear during the reign of Sultan Mansur Shah (/wiki/Mansur_Shah_of_Malacca) (1459–1477). The five basic parts are garment ( baju ), bottom ( seluar ), headgear ( destar ), sash ( sebai ), waist (kain samping). [27] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail200680-27) Further improvisations took place during the reign of Sultan Mahmud Shah (/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_of_Malacca) (1488-1511), when Temenggung Tun Hassan introduced an expanded version of the shirt with a more loose-fitting shape and lengthened sleeves to wrist level. It was said that the term Baju Kurung ('concealed dress') was then coined for the creation as it successfully concealed most of body parts. [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeh2019-18) The clothing style along with other Malay cultural values were then spread through Malayisation (/wiki/Malayisation) of the region, by many succeeding Malay sultanates. The Melakan style of dress remains in Malay societies for the next hundreds of years before it was brought again to the fore during the reign of Abu Bakar of Johor (/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor) (1862-1895). [18] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeh2019-18) Numerous reforms were undertaken during his rule, including the modernisation of Malay clothing style. A more elegant style of Baju Kurung was introduced with a shortened hem of the shirt to the level of the back, three pockets and a round neckline with a short slit opening down the front. The style was named after the former capital of Johor (/wiki/Johor) , Telok Blangah (/wiki/Telok_Blangah) , and was introduced by Dato' Jaafar Muhammad (/wiki/Jaafar_Muhammad) , who would become the first Menteri Besar of Johor (/wiki/Menteri_Besar_of_Johor) . [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006201-28) It was said that the new style was invented to differentiate Abu Bakar's followers clothing style with that old Melakan clothing style worn by the descendants of Sultan Hussin (/wiki/Hussein_Shah_of_Johor) and their followers that resided in Istana Kampong Glam (/wiki/Istana_Kampong_Glam) . [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006136-29) Another popular style called Cekak Musang was also said to had been introduced during the reign of Abu Bakar by a resident of Teluk Belanga called Haji Othman or Tuan Busu or Wan Busu. Initially called Baju Wan , it has the same cut with Teluk Belanga style but with a high collar split and tighten with 5 buttons. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohd_Said_Bin_Haji_Sulaiman200819-30) This style would went on to become the most popular style until modern time, while Teluk Belanga style remains a unique clothing style to the state of Johor. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyal_Johor_Council-31) Styles [ edit ] A group of men in the Cekak Musang type, worn together with the songket (/wiki/Songket) (far left) and kain samping In Teluk Belanga style, the kain samping is worn below the baju . The traditional Baju Melayu commonly features a form of baju (shirt) with four pesak (side panels) and two kekek (small gussets) under the armholes so that they fit and hang well. [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelvanayagam199114-32) , although the more contemporary adaptations tend to omit these features in their design. The baju is traditionally worn by men with trousers called the seluar . The seluar are traditionally wide at the top, fastened with a running string called tali, and closer at the legs where it extends to below the knees. The styles of seluar include the seluar Aceh , seluar gadah which reaches to the ankles and seluar pendek which terminates at about the middle of the thighs. The seluar panjang are long and are sometimes buttoned at the feet. [33] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006194-33) The different styles of Baju Melayu can be generally distinguished in the neck opening design of the baju , as well as the wearing styles and combinations, depending on status and regions. But the most common syles of Baju Melayu are as follows: Teluk Belanga [ edit ] This style is named after Telok Blangah (/wiki/Telok_Blangah) in Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) , where the administrative capital of Johor (/wiki/Johor) was located under the rule of Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim (/wiki/Temenggong_Daeng_Ibrahim) . [28] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006201-28) His son Abu Bakar (/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor) who succeeded in 1862, initiated various reforms during his administration including the introduction of the new style of Malay dress. In 1866, following the shift of the capital to Tanjung Puteri (/wiki/Johor_Bahru) (later known as Johor Bahru), in commemorating the event, the new style of Baju Melayu was named after the old capital. [29] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006136-29) Among modifications done to included a shortened hem of the shirt to the level of the back and three front pockets. The most striking feature of this style is that the shirt's neck opening is hemmed with stiff stitching called tulang belut (literally eel's spine) and ends with a small loop at the top of one side to fit a singular button known as kancing . A type of button, set in a cluster of diamonds is called kunang-kunang sekebun , while the golden button is called garam sebuku . [32] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelvanayagam199114-32) The shirt is worn together with a samping (/wiki/Samping) or sarong (/wiki/Sarong) which either wrapped below the shirt ('dagang dalam') or above the shirt ('dagang luar'). [34] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006139-34) In the past, only members of the royal family and aristocrats were allowed to wear the samping in dagang luar style. [31] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyal_Johor_Council-31) Cekak Musang [ edit ] The style literally means the 'fox's leash', a name used to describe the design of its collar. It was also introduced during the reign of Sultan Abu Bakar, by a resident of Telok Blangah (/wiki/Telok_Blangah) called Haji Othman or Tuan Busu or Wan Busu. Its original name was Baju Wan and comes with the same cut with Teluk Belanga, but with a raised collar. [30] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohd_Said_Bin_Haji_Sulaiman200819-30) The placket (/wiki/Placket) of the baju will seem to form a third of the baju from the top when it is worn with the kain samping or kain sarung . [35] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelvanayagam199112-35) However, the hemline of the baju actually runs to the middle of the lap. The placket typically has three to five buttonholes and is fastened together by dress studs called kancing or sitat which are not unlike those used in Western-style formal dress shirts (/wiki/Dress_shirt) . The studs usually have screw-on backs and can be made from a variety of materials including gold, silver, and precious or semi-precious stones. The studs may also be connected with a light metal chain which will be concealed behind the shirt when the placket is fastened. Contrary to Teluk Belanga style, the samping in this style is typically worn above the baju, in a style known as dagang dalam . [36] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESelvanayagam1991164-36) This style of Baju Melayu is considered the most common throughout the region and has been adopted as the formal dress in Malaysia and Brunei. In other parts of Southeast Asia, a type of dress identical to the Cekak Musang style is also commonly known as Teluk Belanga or its other spelling variants; taruk balanga ( Maranao (/wiki/Maranao_people) - Tausūg (/wiki/Taus%C5%ABg_people) ) and taluak balango ( Minangkabau (/wiki/Minangkabau_people) ). [37] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail200616-37) [38] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006129-38) Kolar Tunku [ edit ] The third but less known style is Kolar Tunku. It was originally made for the first Prime Minister of Malaysia (/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia) , Tunku Abdul Rahman (/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman) and has the same cut as Cekak Musang and Teluk Belanga but different collar's design. It took inspiration from Mandarin collar (/wiki/Mandarin_collar) that comes with rounded collar's corner. Unlike Cekak Musang style, it has no button at the collar, leaving only three buttons on the placket. [39] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOmar_Ali2023-39) Adaptations [ edit ] The Baju Melayu is also the source of inspiration for a number of uniforms worn by several uniformed services and martial arts organizations. The official full dress uniform (/wiki/Full_dress_uniform) or baju istiadat ('ceremonial uniform'), or uniform number 1 for the enlisted rank (/wiki/Enlisted_rank) personnel of the Malaysian Armed Forces (/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces) , is inspired from the wearing style of Baju Melayu, by having white tunic coats and trousers, worn together with dark green songkok and green and gold brocade samping (/wiki/Samping) . [40] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaharah_Othman2022-40) [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMokhtar_Mohd_Tohar2010255-41) This tradition dates back to the establishment of the Royal Malay Regiment (/wiki/Royal_Malay_Regiment) in 1932. Its original regimental service dress uniform (/wiki/Service_dress_uniform) , consisted of a green velvet songkok, spotless white top and trousers as well as a green and red silk samping. [42] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeh2022-42) In modern times, the Central Band of the Royal Malay Regiment (/wiki/Central_Band_of_the_Royal_Malay_Regiment) that commonly perform in the ceremonial dress, became the most senior and the official central band of the Malaysian Army (/wiki/Malaysian_Army) that is dedicated to providing ceremonial honours and music to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong) , the Prime Minister (/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia) , the Chief Justice (/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malaysia) , the President of the Senate (/wiki/President_of_the_Dewan_Negara) , and the Speaker of the House of Representatives (/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat) . In the Police force, the design of the ceremonial uniform for the non-gazetted officers of the Royal Malaysian Police (/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Police) is identical to that of armed forces, but comes with blue and black brocade samping. [41] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMokhtar_Mohd_Tohar2010255-41) An almost similar design can also be found adopted in the full-dress uniform of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Armed_Forces) with only differences are in colour variants. In traditional Silat (/wiki/Silat_Melayu) trainings, the uniform is commonly consist of a baggy black trousers and a black long sleeves baju melayu. Some schools require the practitioners to wear bengkung (belts) during training, with different colours signifying different rank, while some silat schools replace the bengkung with a modern buckled belt. Headdress is optional but donning a black bandana (/wiki/Bandana) is popular. [43] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrer2009167-43) . A sarong (/wiki/Sarong) can also be worn along with a roll of cloth which could be used as a bag, a blanket or a weapon [44] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarrer2009160-44) Guard of honour (/wiki/Guard_of_honour) of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Armed_Forces) in ceremonial uniforms. The Central Band of the Royal Malay Regiment (/wiki/Central_Band_of_the_Royal_Malay_Regiment) of the Malaysian Armed Forces (/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces) in ceremonial uniforms The marching band (/wiki/Marching_band) of the Royal Malaysian Police (/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Police) parading in ceremonial uniforms Occasions for usage [ edit ] A Sumatran (/wiki/Sumatra) variant type of Baju Melayu worn by royal princes from Deli (/wiki/Sultanate_of_Deli) , Langkat (/wiki/Sultanate_of_Langkat) and Serdang (/wiki/Sultanate_of_Serdang) Kingdom of North Sumatra (/wiki/North_Sumatra) , Indonesia The Baju Melayu is commonly worn by Malay men in Southeast Asia (/wiki/Southeast_Asia) during major Islamic festival celebrations like Eid ul-Fitr (/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr) , Eid al-Adha (/wiki/Eid_al-Adha) and Islamic New Year (/wiki/Islamic_New_Year) , particularly in countries with significant Malay populations; Brunei (/wiki/Brunei) , Indonesia (/wiki/Indonesia) , Malaysia (/wiki/Malaysia) , Singapore (/wiki/Singapore) and Thailand (/wiki/Thailand) . [2] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoh-2) In Brunei and Malaysia where Malays are the dominant ethnicity, Baju Melayu is the national dress for men. [3] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTECondra2013465-3) [4] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChavalitPhromsuthirak200010-4) Day to day usage is maintained in general religious occasions, like visiting mosques or for a religious gathering, or in other social functions like weddings. A full Cekak Musang attire in black, worn together with a black songkok (/wiki/Songkok) and samping (/wiki/Samping) embroidered with gold thread, is considered a formal dress. [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMokhtar_Mohd_Tohar2010250–254-45) It is the national attire required by protocol during official national events, especially highly formal ones like the official celebration of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong) or Sultan of Brunei (/wiki/Sultan_of_Brunei) 's birthday, the sworn in of a Prime Minister and cabinet members, and the appointment of ambassadors. [45] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMokhtar_Mohd_Tohar2010250–254-45) Malaysian ambassadors presenting their credentials to foreign heads of state are also required to wear the black Baju Melayu. [46] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Borneo_Post2019-46) The white Baju Melayu is worn by the royalties when mourning the passing away of a member of the royal family. In civil service, Baju Melayu is an alternative formal attire to be worn on Fridays or in any highly ceremonial events. [47] (#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMokhtar_Mohd_Tohar2010198-47) Some private companies also allowed their male workers to wear Baju Melayu on Fridays, whereas others have it as a policy. Baju Melayu is also adopted as the formal uniform for Fridays in both primary and secondary public schools. In Indonesia, both the Baju Melayu in both collar styles (and other Malay clothes such as Baju Kurung ) is popular in provinces with large Malay populations such as Riau (/wiki/Riau) , the Riau Islands (/wiki/Riau_Islands) , West Kalimantan (/wiki/West_Kalimantan) and a few other provinces mainly in Sumatera (/wiki/Sumatera) and other places where the presence of ethnic Malays are dominant. Recently, the Baju Melayu has become more popular and is not only worn at traditional events, but also on informal occasions. Government officials in Riau (/wiki/Riau) and other places wear them proudly during official events (even national events). The Betawi (/wiki/Betawi_people) version of Baju Melayu is called Baju Demang , because Betawi are also part of the big Malay (/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)) tradition, its customs and attire is similar to the Malay. Other local indigenous Malay ethnics in Indonesia also have their own style of Baju Melayu probably which have the same similarities such as the usage of the Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) as the headdress for men and kain samping . See also [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) Malaysia portal (/wiki/Portal:Malaysia) Indonesia portal (/wiki/Portal:Indonesia) Malaysian cultural outfits (/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits) Culture of Malaysia (/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia) National costume of Indonesia (/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia) Culture of Indonesia (/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia) Notes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Pakaian Tradisional - Baju Kurung" (https://sultansyarifkasim2-airport.co.id/pariwisata_detail/475/pakaian-tradisional-baju-kurung) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211130143733/https://sultansyarifkasim2-airport.co.id/pariwisata_detail/475/pakaian-tradisional-baju-kurung) from the original on 30 November 2021. ^ a b c Koh (#CITEREFKoh) . ^ a b Condra 2013 (#CITEREFCondra2013) , p. 465. ^ a b Chavalit & Phromsuthirak 2000 (#CITEREFChavalitPhromsuthirak2000) , p. 10. ^ (#cite_ref-5) Jonathan H. X. Lee, Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011) Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife, Volume 1 [1] (https://books.google.com/books?id=9BrfLWdeISoC&dq=malay+baju+silwar&pg=PA772) ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECondra2013468_6-0) Condra 2013 (#CITEREFCondra2013) , p. 468. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdullah_Abdul_Kadir200570_7-0) Abdullah Abdul Kadir 2005 (#CITEREFAbdullah_Abdul_Kadir2005) , p. 70. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail200676_8-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 76. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChavalitPhromsuthirak2000116–120_9-0) Chavalit & Phromsuthirak 2000 (#CITEREFChavalitPhromsuthirak2000) , pp. 116–120. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006227_10-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 227. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail200685_11-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 85. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMohd_Said_Bin_Haji_Sulaiman20088_12-0) Mohd Said Bin Haji Sulaiman 2008 (#CITEREFMohd_Said_Bin_Haji_Sulaiman2008) , p. 8. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006167_13-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 167. ^ a b Leyden 1821 (#CITEREFLeyden1821) , p. 271. ^ a b Abdul Samad Ahmad 1979 (#CITEREFAbdul_Samad_Ahmad1979) , p. 207. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006137_16-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 137. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006168_17-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 168. ^ a b c d e Teh 2019 (#CITEREFTeh2019) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChavalitPhromsuthirak200090_19-0) Chavalit & Phromsuthirak 2000 (#CITEREFChavalitPhromsuthirak2000) , p. 90. ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Asal busana popular Melayu - Rencana - Utusan Online" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190517144230/https://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/asal-busana-popular-melayu-1.116532) . Archived from the original (https://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/asal-busana-popular-melayu-1.116532) on 17 May 2019 . Retrieved 17 May 2019 . ^ a b Linehan 1973 (#CITEREFLinehan1973) , p. 7. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006104_22-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 104. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006107_23-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 107. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail200675_24-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 75. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdul_Samad_Ahmad197974_25-0) Abdul Samad Ahmad 1979 (#CITEREFAbdul_Samad_Ahmad1979) , p. 74. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeyden182194_26-0) Leyden 1821 (#CITEREFLeyden1821) , p. 94. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail200680_27-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 80. ^ a b Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 201. ^ a b Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 136. ^ a b Mohd Said Bin Haji Sulaiman 2008 (#CITEREFMohd_Said_Bin_Haji_Sulaiman2008) , p. 19. ^ a b Royal Johor Council (#CITEREFRoyal_Johor_Council) . ^ a b Selvanayagam 1991 (#CITEREFSelvanayagam1991) , p. 14. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006194_33-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 194. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006139_34-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 139. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelvanayagam199112_35-0) Selvanayagam 1991 (#CITEREFSelvanayagam1991) , p. 12. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESelvanayagam1991164_36-0) Selvanayagam 1991 (#CITEREFSelvanayagam1991) , p. 164. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail200616_37-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 16. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiti_Zainon_Ismail2006129_38-0) Siti Zainon Ismail 2006 (#CITEREFSiti_Zainon_Ismail2006) , p. 129. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOmar_Ali2023_39-0) Omar Ali 2023 (#CITEREFOmar_Ali2023) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaharah_Othman2022_40-0) Zaharah Othman 2022 (#CITEREFZaharah_Othman2022) . ^ a b Mokhtar Mohd Tohar 2010 (#CITEREFMokhtar_Mohd_Tohar2010) , p. 255. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeh2022_42-0) Teh 2022 (#CITEREFTeh2022) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarrer2009167_43-0) Farrer 2009 (#CITEREFFarrer2009) , p. 167. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarrer2009160_44-0) Farrer 2009 (#CITEREFFarrer2009) , p. 160. ^ a b Mokhtar Mohd Tohar 2010 (#CITEREFMokhtar_Mohd_Tohar2010) , pp. 250–254. ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Borneo_Post2019_46-0) The Borneo Post 2019 (#CITEREFThe_Borneo_Post2019) . ^ (#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMokhtar_Mohd_Tohar2010198_47-0) Mokhtar Mohd Tohar 2010 (#CITEREFMokhtar_Mohd_Tohar2010) , p. 198. Bibliography [ edit ] Abdul Samad Ahmad (1979), Sulalatus Salatin , Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-983-62-5601-0 , archived from the original (http://mymanuskrip.fsktm.um.edu.my/Greenstone/cgi-bin/library.exe?a=d&c=publishe&cl=CL1&d=DSulatus%20Salatin:%20Sejarah%20Melayu) on 12 October 2013 Abdullah Abdul Kadir (/wiki/Abdullah_Abdul_Kadir) (2005). Amin Sweeney (ed.). Karya lengkap Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi (in Malay). Jakarta : Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia [in collaboration with] Ecole francaise d'Extreme-Orient (/wiki/Ecole_francaise_d%27Extreme-Orient) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-9799-101-16-7 . Chavalit, Khunying Maenmas; Phromsuthirak, Maneepin (2000). Costumes in ASEAN . Bangkok :The National ASEAN Committee on Culture and Information of Thailand. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 9747102838 . Condra, Jill (2013). Encyclopedia of National Dress Traditional Clothing around the World . Holtzbrinck. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0313-376-36-8 . Farrer, Douglas S. (2009), Shadows of the Prophet: Martial Arts and Sufi Mysticism , Springer, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1402093555 Koh, Jaime. "Baju kurong" (https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-09-06_173434.html?s=Women) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20211130143730/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2013-09-06_173434.html?s=Women) from the original on 30 November 2021. Leyden, John (/wiki/John_Leyden) (1821), Malay Annals (translated from the Malay language) , Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown Linehan, William (1973), History of Pahang , Malaysian Branch Of The Royal Asiatic Society, Kuala Lumpur, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0710-101-37-2 Logan, James Richardson (/wiki/James_Richardson_Logan) (1852), The Journal Of The Indian Archipelago And Eastern Asia , vol. 6, Kraus Reprint Mohd Said Bin Haji Sulaiman (2008). Pakai Patut Melayu (in Malay). Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-9679-428-00-1 . Mokhtar Mohd Tohar (2010). Protocol and etiquette in managing and attending functions . Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-9673-441-45-7 . Omar Ali (2023). "Our Story" (https://omarali.com.my/our-story/) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230402124629/https://omarali.com.my/our-story/) from the original on 21 July 2023. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : \|archive-date= / \|archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 2 April 2023 suggested ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch) ) Royal Johor Council. "Pakaian Tradisional Johor" (https://royal.johor.my/pakaian-tradisional-johor/) . Retrieved 20 July 2023 . Selvanayagam, Grace Inpam (1991). Songket: Malaysia's Woven Treasure - Hardcover . Oxford University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0195-889-28-4 . Siti Zainon Ismail (2006). Pakaian Cara Melayu (in Malay). 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Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220621164727/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2022/06/806772/malayas-finest-regiment) from the original on 21 July 2023. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : \|archive-date= / \|archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 21 June 2022 suggested ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch) ) The Borneo Post (2019). "Kuching-born M'sian ambassador presents his credentials to Pope Francis" (https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/06/11/kuching-born-msian-ambassador-presents-his-credentials-to-pope-francis/) . Archived (http://web.archive.org/web/20210614092037/https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/06/11/kuching-born-msian-ambassador-presents-his-credentials-to-pope-francis/) from the original on 21 July 2023. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : \|archive-date= / \|archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 14 June 2021 suggested ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch) ) Zaharah Othman (2022). "Royal Malay Regiment takes pride of place at Queen's Jubilee" (https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2022/06/802887/royal-malay-regiment-takes-pride-place-queens-jubilee) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090553/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2022/06/802887/royal-malay-regiment-takes-pride-place-queens-jubilee) from the original on 21 July 2023. {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : \|archive-date= / \|archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 18 April 2023 suggested ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch) ) v t e Folk costumes (/wiki/Folk_costume) Africa (/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa) Balgha (/wiki/Balgha) Boubou (/wiki/Agbada) Dashiki (/wiki/Dashiki) Djellaba (/wiki/Djellaba) Head tie (/wiki/Head_tie) Jellabiya (/wiki/Jellabiya) Kanzu (/wiki/Kanzu) Kente cloth (/wiki/Kente_cloth) Kufi (/wiki/Kufi) Litham (/wiki/Litham) Pareo (/wiki/Pareo) Senegalese kaftan (/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan) Tagelmust (/wiki/Tagelmust) Wrapper (/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)) Asia Central Afghanistan (/wiki/Pashtun_clothing) Pakol (/wiki/Pakol) Chapan (/wiki/Chapan) Deel (/wiki/Deel_(clothing)) Malahai (/wiki/Malahai) Paranja (/wiki/Paranja) East China 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(/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia) and still worn today Textiles and weaving Geringsing (/wiki/Geringsing) Kain Bali (/wiki/Balinese_textiles) Kain Sumba (/wiki/Textiles_of_Sumba) Kain kulit kayu (/wiki/Barkcloth) Lurik Songket (/wiki/Songket) Tapis (/wiki/Tapis_(Indonesian_weaving_style)) Tenun (/wiki/Tenun) Ulos (/wiki/Ulos) Dyeing Batik (/wiki/Batik) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Jumputan (/wiki/Tie-dye) Prada Clothing Angkin (/wiki/Sash) Baju Bodo (/wiki/Bodo_blouse) Baju kain rumput Baju Koko Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Beskap Cawat (/wiki/Loincloth) Kain jarik Kain panjang Kain samping (/wiki/Samping) Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Kemben (/wiki/Kemben) Kemeja Batik (/wiki/Batik) Koje Koteka (/wiki/Koteka) Rok Rumbia Sarung (/wiki/Sarong) Selendang (/wiki/Sash) Surjan Uis Gara Headgear Beluko Blangkon (/wiki/Blangkon) Caping (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Iket Jamang Hijab (/wiki/Hijab) Kerudung (/wiki/Veil) Kopiah (/wiki/Kupiah) Konde or sanggul (/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)) ( 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Celup (/wiki/Tie-dye) Ikat (/wiki/Ikat) Pua (/wiki/Pua_Kumbu) Loseng Limar Cindai (/wiki/Patola_sari) Kulit Kayu (/wiki/Barkcloth) Songket (/wiki/Songket) Tenun (/wiki/Tenun_Pahang_Diraja) Traditional Baju (/wiki/Dress_shirt) Badu Badu Sipak Baju Batik (/wiki/Malaysian_batik) Baju Kebaya (/wiki/Kebaya) Baju Kurung (/wiki/Baju_Kurung) Baju Lok Chuan (/wiki/Changshan) Baju Melayu (/wiki/Baju_Melayu) Baju Muskat (/wiki/Regalia_of_Malaysia#Royal_attire,_Muskat) Baju Panjang (/wiki/Peranakans#culture) Baju Sikap Kain (/wiki/Textile) Kelubung/Kemban (/wiki/Kemben) Sarong (/wiki/Sarong) Telekong Kelambi Cawat (/wiki/Loincloth) Headgear Dastar (/wiki/Dastar) Ketapu (/wiki/Katapu) Kopiah (/wiki/Taqiyah_(cap)#Malaysia) Mahkota/Ketopong (/wiki/Maku%E1%B9%ADa) Pemeleh Selayah (/wiki/Kerikam#Tudung_Keringkam) Selendang (/wiki/Kerikam#Tudung_Keringkam) Semutar Songkok (/wiki/Songkok) Tengkolok/Tanjak (/wiki/Tengkolok) Terendak (/wiki/Asian_conical_hat) Tudong (/wiki/Tudong) Belts and sashes Bengkung 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Brown hair (/wiki/Brown_hair) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐66546ff478‐2xgdq Cached time: 20240714140305 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.034 seconds Real time usage: 0.048 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 9/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 374/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 326/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.017/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627139/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 40.423 1 Template:Cat_main 100.00% 40.423 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40437746-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714140305 and revision id 1059023346. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse Pages in category "Brown hair" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Brown hair (/wiki/Brown_hair) A Auburn hair (/wiki/Auburn_hair) B Blonde versus brunette rivalry (/wiki/Blonde_versus_brunette_rivalry) T Titian hair (/wiki/Titian_hair) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Brown_hair&oldid=1059023346 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Brown_hair&oldid=1059023346) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Human hair color (/wiki/Category:Human_hair_color) Shades of brown (/wiki/Category:Shades_of_brown)
Garment that hides a penile bulge A homemade gaff, used by trans women and cross-dressers A gaff is a piece of fabric, usually augmented by an elastic such as a rubber band (/wiki/Rubber_band) , that is designed to hide a penile bulge and make the groin appear smoother and flatter. [1] (#cite_note-1) It is usually worn by people who were assigned-male-at-birth (AMAB) (/wiki/Assigned_male_at_birth) who wish to wear feminine clothing, including trans women (/wiki/Trans_woman) , gender-non-conforming (/wiki/Gender_non-conforming) , and other nonbinary (/wiki/Non-binary_gender) individuals. Since the 2010s, underwear manufacturers have begun to design underwear with the same function as gaffs. Home-made gaffs are often made by cutting the ends off a single sock, then placing a pair of elastic loops through them. [2] (#cite_note-2) The main function of gaffs (or underwear that replicates gaffs) is to hide a crotch (/wiki/Crotch) bulge Similar products [ edit ] In 2019, Pornhub (/wiki/Pornhub) , an adult entertainment (/wiki/Adult_entertainment) company, developed a boxer short (/wiki/Boxer_shorts) brand that is designed with an inner lining that prevents erections (/wiki/Erection) from protruding through clothes, thus concealing the public visibility of the camel-back (penile genital bulge). [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lease, Bryce. "Dragging rights, queering publics: realness, self-fashioning and the Miss Gay Western Cape pageant." Safundi 18.2 (2017): 131–146. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Pajer, Nicole (May 1, 2019). "There Are New Options in Trans Underwear" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/01/fashion/transgender-underwear.html) . The New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Pornhub sells swimming shorts that hide erections" (https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/pornhub-unveils-its-bonerless-bathing-suit-to-prevent-unwanted-public-erections/news-story/d39526bde1fed3bcce930a680cc853d5) . NewsComAu . May 22, 2019. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5486b6fcc7‐jb7p8 Cached time: 20240630074511 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.157 seconds Real time usage: 0.225 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 297/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4301/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 490/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8435/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.093/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2923094/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 205.980 1 -total 57.08% 117.576 1 Template:Reflist 42.11% 86.746 1 Template:Cite_news 41.66% 85.816 1 Template:Short_description 23.25% 47.890 2 Template:Pagetype 11.42% 23.513 3 Template:Main_other 8.03% 16.537 1 Template:SDcat 6.92% 14.254 1 Template:Cite_web 1.30% 2.668 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:18451635-0!canonical and timestamp 20240630074511 and revision id 1231786459. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaff_(clothing)&oldid=1231786459 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaff_(clothing)&oldid=1231786459) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cross-dressing (/wiki/Category:Cross-dressing) Gender transitioning (/wiki/Category:Gender_transitioning) Transgender women-related topics (/wiki/Category:Transgender_women-related_topics) Undergarments (/wiki/Category:Undergarments) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
Australian fashion label Discount Universe , (stylised as DI$COUNT UNIVER$E ) is an Australian fashion label developed by Nadia Napreychikov (/w/index.php?title=Nadia_Napreychikov&action=edit&redlink=1) and Cami James (/w/index.php?title=Cami_James&action=edit&redlink=1) . [1] (#cite_note-abcnews-1) Their designs have been featured in major Australian exhibitions such the National Gallery of Victoria (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria) 's exhibition, 200 Years of Australian Fashion , [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) and Know My Name at the National Gallery of Australia (/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia) . [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) History [ edit ] James and Napreychikov met while studying at RMIT (/wiki/RMIT_University) in Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , Australia. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Following their 2009 brand manifesto, the label launched via their website in 2010. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) The brand manifesto indicated a consciousness for the re-appropriation and imitation that is present in post-modern fashion. [5] (#cite_note-5) James and Napreychikov began with handmade riveted jackets, followed by sequinned and beaded clothing the brand is now synonymous with. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) In 2016, James and Napreychikov moved their studio from Melbourne to New York. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Collections and influence [ edit ] The brand is known for their 'anti-seasonal' approach to fashion as a response to the limitations of the Australian fashion industry at the time of its inception. [6] (#cite_note-6) Their clothing often features feminist and political statements, and through the release of their collections on their website, the brand has been able to garner international attention and sell to a global audience. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2015, Rihanna (/wiki/Rihanna) was seen wearing a Di$count Univer$e dress with the words 'you will never own me/I will never fear you' over the front and back. [8] (#cite_note-8) Their 2019 collection, developed during the MeToo movement (/wiki/MeToo_movement) , featured in their 2018 New York Fashion Week (/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week) showcase. The collection featured cisgender and transgender models in slippers wearing designs with statements such as ‘I AM NOT SORRY/I AM NOT FOR SALE/I AM NOT FOR REPRODUCTION' in bold glitter, protesting against the objectification of women. [4] (#cite_note-:2-4) Exhibitions [ edit ] 200 Years of Australian Fashion , at the National Gallery of Victoria, 5 March 2016 – 31 July 2016. [9] (#cite_note-9) It's-too-soon-for-a-retrospective Retrospective Exhibition, 32-34 Wellington Street, Collingwood (/wiki/Collingwood,_Victoria) , 29 November 2016 – December 9, 2016. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) Know My Name, Part One , at the National Gallery of Australia, 14 November 2020 – 9 May 2021. [10] (#cite_note-10) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-abcnews_1-0) "Australian art made by women" (https://www.abc.net.au/canberra/programs/mornings/know-my-name-art-made-by-women/13226308) . ABC News . 8 March 2021 . Retrieved 4 March 2023 . ^ a b c d e "Di$count UNIVERSE Opens its Archives for a Retrospective Exhibition" (https://www.broadsheet.com.au/melbourne/fashion/article/discount-universe-opens-its-archives-retrospective-exhibition) . Broadsheet . Retrieved 4 March 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_3-0) "Discount Universe" (https://nga.gov.au/knowmyname/artists/discount-universe/) . National Gallery of Australia . Retrieved 4 March 2023 . ^ a b "DI$COUNT UNIVER$E" (https://nga.gov.au/knowmyname/artists/discount-universe/) . National Gallery of Australia . Retrieved 2023-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "About us" (https://discountuniverse.com.au/pages/about-us) . DISCOUNT UNIVERSE AUSTRALIA . Retrieved 2023-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "It's A DI$COUNT UNIVER$E: How These Melbourne Designers Made Australian Fashion World-Famous" (https://junkee.com/its-a-dicount-univere-how-these-melbourne-designers-made-australian-fashion-world-famous/71388) . Junkee . 2015-12-30 . Retrieved 2023-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "DI$COUNT UNIVER$E" (https://nga.gov.au/knowmyname/stories/discount-universe/) . National Gallery of Australia . 2020-11-25 . Retrieved 2023-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Stevens, Annie. "Rihanna wears statement Discount Universe" (https://www.elle.com.au/fashion/rihannas-discount-universe-makes-killer-statement-2271) . ELLE . Retrieved 2023-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "200 Years of Australian Fashion \| NGV" (https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/exhibition/200-years-of-australian-fashion/) . www.ngv.vic.gov.au . Retrieved 2023-03-04 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Know My Name: Australian Women Artists 1900 to Now" (https://nga.gov.au/knowmyname/events/australian-women-artists-1900-now/) . National Gallery of Australia . Retrieved 2023-03-04 . 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UK sock and knitwear manufacturer Corgi Socks Company type Private Company Industry Retail (/wiki/Retailer) Founded Ammanford (/wiki/Ammanford) , Wales (/wiki/Wales) (1892 ; 132 years ago ( 1892 ) ) Headquarters Ammanford , Wales UK Key people Chris Jones, Co-Managing Director Lisa Wood, Co-Managing Director Products Socks, Knitwear Number of employees 50 (2017) Website www (https://www.corgisocks.com) .corgisocks (https://www.corgisocks.com) .com (https://www.corgisocks.com) Corgi Socks is the trading name of Corgi Hosiery Limited , a manufacturer of luxury socks (/wiki/Socks) and knitwear (/wiki/Knitwear) in hand-knitted wool (/wiki/Wool) , cotton (/wiki/Cotton) and cashmere (/wiki/Cashmere_wool) . Its factory is located in Ammanford (/wiki/Ammanford) , Wales, UK where it currently employs around 50 people. [1] (#cite_note-1) The business is a subsidiary of Dewhurst Dent Plc, owners of Dents (/wiki/Dents) . [2] (#cite_note-BBerg-2) It has a reputation as a manufacturer of luxury socks and its customers include the British royal family (/wiki/British_royal_family) . [3] (#cite_note-swg-3) History of the business [ edit ] Corgi was founded in 1892. It began as a maker of socks for Welsh miners (/wiki/Mining_in_Wales) and moved on to making argyle pattern (/wiki/Argyle_(pattern)) socks for Brooks Brothers (/wiki/Brooks_Brothers) in 1939. [4] (#cite_note-PS-4) Corgi made socks for the British troops during World War II (/wiki/World_War_II) . [4] (#cite_note-PS-4) Over the years Corgi has gone in and out of different ownership, but has always been run by the Jones family. It was founded by Rhys Jones and is now run by his great, great grandchildren, siblings Chris Jones and Lisa Wood, [5] (#cite_note-hiscox-5) who took over from their father Huw Jones in 1997 and transitioned the business from making socks under other people's labels to growing the Corgi brand. [4] (#cite_note-PS-4) It has been a subsidiary of Dewhurst Dent PLC since 2008. [2] (#cite_note-BBerg-2) Corgi now makes knitwear under its own brand as well as for designers like Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) and Thom Browne (/wiki/Thom_Browne) . [6] (#cite_note-WO-6) In 2015, the business expanded with a 3,000-square feet extension and new knitting machines. [6] (#cite_note-WO-6) Machinery and manufacture [ edit ] Corgi uses many older machines in its manufacturing, including rare 125-year-old Griswold hand-knitting machines, and links the toes of its socks by hand using traditional methods. [6] (#cite_note-WO-6) Knitwear is hand-framed and intricate intarsia (/wiki/Intarsia_(knitting)) designs can be created. [7] (#cite_note-7) In the media [ edit ] It was reported that Queen Elizabeth II (/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II) bought her socks from Corgi, [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) and Prince George (/wiki/Prince_George_of_Wales) has a jumper made by the company. [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) To raise funds for those impacted by the Manchester Arena bombing (/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing) , socks decorated with bees were made – bees being a symbol of Manchester (/wiki/Symbols_of_Manchester) . [13] (#cite_note-13) In 2012 the company was fined following mishandling of asbestos (/wiki/Asbestos) by contractors during renovations to the roof. [14] (#cite_note-14) Awards [ edit ] Corgi received a Royal Warrant (/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)) from the Prince of Wales (now Charles III (/wiki/Charles_III) ) in 1989. [15] (#cite_note-RWHA-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) [6] (#cite_note-WO-6) [17] (#cite_note-17) See also [ edit ] Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) List of sock manufacturers (/wiki/List_of_sock_manufacturers) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) ITV, Report. "Is Wales working? Welsh manufacturing 'on the up' (http://www.itv.com/news/wales/2015-03-16/is-wales-working-welsh-manufacturing-on-the-up/) " (http://www.itv.com/news/wales/2015-03-16/is-wales-working-welsh-manufacturing-on-the-up/) . ITV News . Retrieved 22 August 2017 . ^ a b "Corgi Hosiery Ltd.: Private Company Information - Bloomberg" (https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=43325506) . www.bloomberg.com . Retrieved 2 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-swg_3-0) Domachowski, Lucy. "Fibre rollout helps Corgi grow globally" (http://www.southwalesguardian.co.uk/news/15419676.Fibre_rollout_helps_Corgi_grow_globally/) . South Wales Guardian . Retrieved 2 September 2017 . ^ a b c Crompton, Simon. "Corgi: Factory visit" (https://www.permanentstyle.com/2012/02/corgi-factory-visit.html) . Permanent Style . Retrieved 2 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-hiscox_5-0) Kiernan, Gerry (19 May 2016). "Inside the Royal Warrant holders – Prince Charles's favourite sock maker - Hiscox Business Blog" (https://www.hiscox.co.uk/business-blog/inside-royal-warrant-holders-corgi-hosiery/) . Hiscox Business Blog . Retrieved 2 September 2017 . ^ a b c d Pyke, Chris (11 July 2017). "How a Welsh family firm made headlines making socks for the Queen and a jumper for Prince George" (http://www.walesonline.co.uk/business/business-news/socks-carmarthenshire-royal-seal-approval-13312696) . Wales Online . Retrieved 21 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Crompton, Simon. "CORGI: THE MACHINES" (https://www.permanentstyle.com/2012/02/corgi-the-machines.html) . Permanent Syle . Permanent Style . Retrieved 21 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Barrie, Joshua (4 May 2017). "The staggering amount the Queen spends on her socks" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/amount-queen-spends-socks-staggering-10248494) . The Mirror . Retrieved 21 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Carballo, Charlie (23 April 2017). "Queen Elizabeth Turns 91 — And You'll Never Guess How Much the Royals Spend on Socks" (http://footwearnews.com/2017/fashion/celebrity-style/queen-elizabeth-corgi-socks-341750/) . Footwear News . FN . Retrieved 21 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) TURRILL, KATRINA (21 April 2017). "Queen Elizabeth spends a whopping £16 on her socks - but WHERE does she get them" (http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/style/794925/socks-queen-elizabeth-corgi-hosiery-ltd) . Express . Retrieved 22 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Jessen, Monique. "Find Out Who Designed Prince George's Blue Jumper" (http://celebritybabies.people.com/2014/04/01/prince-george-blue-corgi-jumper-royal-photo/) . People Babies . Retrieved 21 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Dear, Alice (20 April 2017). "The Queen spends much more money on socks than royal fans could ever have imagined" (http://www.ok.co.uk/lifestyle/fashion/1054332/the-queen-socks-money-queen-elizabeth-second-fashion-shopping) . OK! . Retrieved 22 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Laurie, Daniel (6 June 2017). "Corgi Hosiery in Ammanford have created socks to raise funds for Manchester attack victims" (http://www.southwalesguardian.co.uk/news/15331354.Ammanford_business_joins_campaign_to_help_Manchester_attack_victims/) . South Wales Guardian . Guardian . Retrieved 21 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Corgi Hosiery fined over factory asbestos removal" (https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-17241152) . BBC News . 2 March 2012 . Retrieved 2 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-RWHA_15-0) "Corgi Hosiery Ltd" (https://www.royalwarrant.org/company/corgi-hosiery-ltd?back=%2Fdirectory%3Fquery%3Dcorgi) . www.royalwarrant.org . Royal Warrant Holders Association . Retrieved 2 September 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) RACHAEL, MISSTEAR (27 February 2015). "Luxury sock factory Corgi Hosiery's extension gets the royal seal of approval with a visit from Prince Charles" (http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/luxury-sock-factory-corgi-hosierys-8735173) . Wales Online . Retrieved 22 August 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Dodds, Laurence (20 April 2017). "The Queen spends much more money on socks than royal fans could ever have imagined" (http://www.ok.co.uk/lifestyle/fashion/1054332/the-queen-socks-money-queen-elizabeth-second-fashion-shopping) . The Telegraph . Retrieved 22 August 2017 . 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Ethiopian-born South Sudanese fashion model This article's lead section (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length) may be too short to adequately summarize (/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style) the key points . Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview (/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview) of all important aspects of the article. ( April 2019 ) Shanelle Nyasiase Born ( 1997-01-03 ) January 3, 1997 (age 27) Gambela, Ethiopia (/wiki/Gambela,_Ethiopia) Occupation Model Modeling information Hair color Brown Eye color Brown Agency Women Management (/wiki/Women_Management) (New York) MP Management (/wiki/MP_Management) (Paris, Milan, Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, Stockholm) Storm Management (/wiki/Storm_Management) (London) [1] (#cite_note-1) Shanelle Nyasiase (born 3 January 1997) is an Ethiopian-born South Sudanese fashion model. Early life [ edit ] Nyasiase was born in Gambela, Ethiopia (/wiki/Gambela,_Ethiopia) , [2] (#cite_note-VogueUK-2) At age nine, she moved to Juba (/wiki/Juba) , South Sudan (/wiki/South_Sudan) . Nyasiase has three siblings. At thirteen she moved to Nairobi (/wiki/Nairobi) , Kenya (/wiki/Kenya) . [3] (#cite_note-Dazed-3) Career [ edit ] Nyasiase modeled locally in Kenya before being discovered. [4] (#cite_note-BoF-4) She made her fashion week runway debut during the F/W 2017 season, walking for Miu Miu (/wiki/Miu_Miu) , Rick Owens (/wiki/Rick_Owens) , and Armani (/wiki/Armani) . [5] (#cite_note-WSJ-5) In 2018, she walked for Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) , Jason Wu (/wiki/Jason_Wu) , Marc Jacobs (/wiki/Marc_Jacobs) , Burberry (/wiki/Burberry) , Erdem (/wiki/Erdem_Moral%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu) , Mulberry (/wiki/Mulberry_(company)) , Gucci (/wiki/Gucci) , Marni (/wiki/Marni) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) , Rochas (/wiki/Rochas) , Dries Van Noten (/wiki/Dries_Van_Noten) and Kenzo (/wiki/Kenzo) among others. [6] (#cite_note-Bazaar-6) Nyasiase notably closed the S/S 2019 Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) show. [4] (#cite_note-BoF-4) She has appeared in advertisements for Versace, Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Marc Jacobs, and Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) . [6] (#cite_note-Bazaar-6) She currently ranks on the “Hot List” by models.com. [7] (#cite_note-MDC-7) British Vogue listed her as one of the Top Models of London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) . [8] (#cite_note-8) For a Vogue video about South Sudanese models, Nyasiase described how the Trump travel ban (/wiki/Trump_travel_ban) affects her career. [9] (#cite_note-9) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Shanelle Nyasiase - Model" (https://models.com/models/shanelle-nyasiase) . ^ (#cite_ref-VogueUK_2-0) "Breakout models of autumn winter 2018 shows" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/breakout-models-of-autumn-winter-2018-shows) . British Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-Dazed_3-0) "Shanelle Nyasiase model biography" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/projects/article/39745/1/shanelle-nyasiase-model-biography-dazed-100-profile-2018) . Dazed . 2018-05-31. ^ a b "Secrets of the Supermodel Trade" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/global-currents/secrets-of-the-supermodel-trade) . Business of Fashion . ^ (#cite_ref-WSJ_5-0) "Shanelle Nyasiase is a model to watch" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/shanelle-nyasiase-is-a-model-to-watch-1524757219) . WSJ . ^ a b "Watch This Face: Shanelle Nyasiase" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a19592549/watch-this-face-shanelle-nyasiase/) . Harper's Bazaar . ^ (#cite_ref-MDC_7-0) "The Hot List" (https://models.com/rankings/ui/TheHotList-All/26650#26650) . models.com . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "London Calling: Vogue's Standout Models Of LFW AW18" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/breakout-models-of-autumn-winter-2018-shows) . British Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "The Modeling World's Sudanese Stars Share Their Stories" (https://www.vogue.com/article/model-citizens-sudanese-models) . Vogue . 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Not to be confused with Atlanta International Fashion Week (/wiki/Atlanta_International_Fashion_Week) . Atlanta Fashion Week Status Active Genre Fashion Frequency Annual Location(s) Atlanta, Georgia Country United States Established 2006 Most recent 2022 Next event 2023 Organized by RAGTRADE ATLANTA Website www (https://www.atlantafashionweek.co/) .atlantafashionweek (https://www.atlantafashionweek.co/) .co (https://www.atlantafashionweek.co/) Atlanta Fashion Week ( ATLFW ) is an annual fashion week (/wiki/Fashion_week) in Atlanta, Georgia founded by Angela Watts in 2006 and is supported by the mayors office and Fulton County Arts and Culture as the "official" fashion week of Atlanta. [1] (#cite_note-1) The event includes fashion shows and presentations, pop-up shops, art installations, live DJ sets, industry expert talks, and designer meetups. [2] (#cite_note-2) History [ edit ] Between 2006 and 2012, the founder hosted a collective of events that were deemed Atlanta Fashion Week. In 2013, RAGTRADE ATLANTA was formed and a full collective of events were held under the name; RAGTRADE Atlanta Fashion Week. [3] (#cite_note-3) In 2019 the event rebranded into Atlanta Fashion Week and RAGTRADE ATLANTA was rebranded into the official production company for Atlanta Fashion Week. RAGTRADE ATLANTA also announced the official support from the City of Atlanta Mayor (/wiki/Atlanta_mayor) 's Office of Film and Entertainment as well as Invest Atlanta (/wiki/Invest_Atlanta) . [4] (#cite_note-4) At the press conference it was announced the four day event would take place August 5 – 9, 2020, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) . The event was held under Atlanta Fashion Week October 5–8, 2022. [5] (#cite_note-5) In 2023, the event partnered with Atlanta Hawks (/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks) to create apparel for fans of the team. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) See also [ edit ] List of fashion events (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events) List of fashion events in the United States (/wiki/List_of_fashion_events_in_the_United_States) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Atlanta Fashion Week Officially Announced" (https://www.fashionado.net/blog/tag/atlanta+fashion+week) . Fashionado . 2019-10-20. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230625164135/https://www.fashionado.net/blog/tag/atlanta+fashion+week) from the original on 2023-06-25 . Retrieved 2023-06-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Rosen, Elissa (2017-10-25). "RAGTRADE ATLANTA Fashion Week A Success" (https://hauteliving.com/2017/10/ragtrade-fashion-week-a-success/645720/) . Haute Living . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230625165951/https://hauteliving.com/2017/10/ragtrade-fashion-week-a-success/645720/) from the original on 2023-06-25 . Retrieved 2023-06-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Hawkins, R. (2017-10-14). "RAGTRADE Atlanta Fashion Week 2017: All the showstopping looks - Rolling Out" (https://rollingout.com/2017/10/14/ragtrade-atlanta-fashion-week-2017-showstopping-looks/) . rollingout.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230625171437/https://rollingout.com/2017/10/14/ragtrade-atlanta-fashion-week-2017-showstopping-looks/) from the original on 2023-06-25 . Retrieved 2023-06-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "WORDS WITH (FASHION) FRIENDS ANGELA WATTS OF RAGTRADE ATLANTA/ATLANTA FASHION WEEK" (https://cfda.com/news/words-with-fashion-friends-angela-watts-of-agtrade-atlanta-atlanta-fashion-week) . cfda.com . 2022. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230625163423/https://cfda.com/news/words-with-fashion-friends-angela-watts-of-agtrade-atlanta-atlanta-fashion-week) from the original on 2023-06-25 . Retrieved 2023-06-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Atlanta Fashion Week 2022 \| Downtown Atlanta, GA" (https://www.atlantadowntown.com/do/atlanta-fashion-week-2022) . www.atlantadowntown.com . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230625165717/https://www.atlantadowntown.com/do/atlanta-fashion-week-2022) from the original on 2023-06-25 . Retrieved 2023-06-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Hellams, Brandolyn (2023-01-27). "Atlanta Hawks collab with Atlanta Fashion Week to launch limited edition apparel" (https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/atlanta-hawks-collab-with-atlanta-fashion-week-to-launch-limited-edition-apparel) . FOX 5 Atlanta . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230625165038/https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/atlanta-hawks-collab-with-atlanta-fashion-week-to-launch-limited-edition-apparel) from the original on 2023-06-25 . Retrieved 2023-06-25 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Suggs, Donnell (2023-01-26). "Hawks and Honor Roll Clothing debut new peach apparel" (https://theatlantavoice.com/hawks-and-honor-roll-clothing-debut-new-peach-apparel/) . The Atlanta Voice . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230625165432/https://theatlantavoice.com/hawks-and-honor-roll-clothing-debut-new-peach-apparel/) from the original on 2023-06-25 . Retrieved 2023-06-25 . This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atlanta_Fashion_Week&action=edit) . v t e This article related to the state of Georgia (/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Brand of sneaker by Donald Trump Never Surrender High-Top Type Shoe (/wiki/Shoe) Inception February 17, 2024 ; 5 months ago ( 2024-02-17 ) Manufacturer 45Footwear Website gettrumpsneakers (http://gettrumpsneakers.com) .com (http://gettrumpsneakers.com) The Never Surrender High-Top is a high-top (/wiki/High-top) sneaker endorsed by former U.S. president Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) . Release and promotion [ edit ] Trump announced the Never Surrender High-Top on February 17, 2024, at Sneaker Con in Philadelphia (/wiki/Philadelphia) ; his appearance was met with disdain and applause. [1] (#cite_note-NYTimesInfo-1) Debuting at US$399 as a limited-edition offering of one thousand made-to-order [2] (#cite_note-2) pairs, [3] (#cite_note-NYTimesInfo2-3) the Never Surrender High-Top appeared on gettrumpsneakers.com, selling out within hours; [4] (#cite_note-4) the website features cologne, perfume, and two additional sneakers. [5] (#cite_note-CNNInfo-5) The sneaker was manufactured by 45Footwear, who licensed Trump's image from CIC Ventures, [3] (#cite_note-NYTimesInfo2-3) and will ship in July. [6] (#cite_note-6) Trump autographed at least ten pairs of the Never Surrender High-Top. [7] (#cite_note-7) One pair was sold for US$9,000 to Roman Sharf, a watch dealer. Sharf was invited to Trump International Golf Club (/wiki/Trump_International_Golf_Club_(West_Palm_Beach)) after posting about the sneakers online. [8] (#cite_note-8) Design [ edit ] The Never Surrender High-Top is a high-top (/wiki/High-top) sneaker bearing similarities to the sneakers in the Nike Air Force (/wiki/Nike_Air_Force) series. The sneaker's quarter, tip, vamp, tongue, shoelaces, and heel are gilded, with the flag of the United States (/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States) adorning the collar and sock lining. The midsole is white while the outsole is red. [3] (#cite_note-NYTimesInfo2-3) This may infringe on Christian Louboutin (/wiki/Christian_Louboutin) 's red sole trademark. Christian Louboutin owns a trademark in "lacquered red sole" for "women's high fashion footwear" that "contrasts with the color of the adjoining (‘upper’) portion of the shoe." [9] (#cite_note-9) The Never Surrender High-Top shoe, however, is not in the category of "women's high fashion footwear." Nevertheless, Louboutin could argue that it maintains limited common law trademark (/wiki/Unregistered_trademark) protections on its red sole design when used on other types of footwear, including sneakers. [10] (#cite_note-10) Reception [ edit ] Political response [ edit ] Michael Tyler, Joe Biden (/wiki/Joe_Biden) 's campaign (/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign) communications director, stated that Trump's sneakers were the "closest he'll get to any Air Force 1s ever again for the rest of his life". [5] (#cite_note-CNNInfo-5) Gun control advocate David Hogg (/wiki/David_Hogg) purchased the domain shoptrumpsneakers.com, redirecting the website to The Shotline, a service allowing users to send an automated call to members of Congress (/wiki/United_States_Congress) , urging gun reform (/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States) using the voice of mass shooting victims through generative audio (/wiki/Generative_audio) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Fashion industry response [ edit ] Fashion industry writer Derek Guy (/wiki/Derek_Guy) wrote that the promotion was "embarrassing", comparing French president Emmanuel Macron (/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron) and British prime minister Rishi Sunak (/wiki/Rishi_Sunak) 's formality to the event. [1] (#cite_note-NYTimesInfo-1) Media response [ edit ] The Never Surrender High-Top was satirized in a Saturday Night Live (/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live) sketch entitled "Trump Sneakers". In the sketch—a fictitious film trailer for White Men Can Trump , host Shane Gillis (/wiki/Shane_Gillis) portrays an office worker who discovers the sneakers, granting him the ability to mislead those around him of his accomplishments. [12] (#cite_note-12) In a Weekend Update (/wiki/Weekend_Update) segment, Michael Che (/wiki/Michael_Che) quipped that the Never Surrender High-Top is worn by "the guy getting dragged off your flight". [13] (#cite_note-13) Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) contributor Raymond Arroyo (/wiki/Raymond_Arroyo) suggested on The Big Weekend Show (/wiki/The_Big_Weekend_Show) that African American voters would vote for Trump because "they're into sneakers". [14] (#cite_note-14) See also [ edit ] Trump Steaks (/wiki/Trump_Steaks) Trump Vodka (/wiki/Trump_Vodka) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Cameron, Chris (February 18, 2024). "Reeling From $450 Million Penalty, Trump Hawks $400 Shoes" (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/18/us/politics/trump-sneakers-line.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved February 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Demopoulos, Alaina (February 20, 2024). "Sneakerheads on Trump's 'Never Surrender' gold shoe: 'Tacky and very, very dumb' (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/feb/20/reaction-trump-shoe-sneaker-con) " (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/feb/20/reaction-trump-shoe-sneaker-con) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved February 27, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Friedman, Vanessa (February 19, 2024). "Those $399 Gold Trump Sneakers Are About a Lot More Than Shoes" (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/19/style/trump-gold-sneakers.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved February 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Miranda, Shauneen (February 18, 2024). "Trump's high-top sneakers sell out hours after launch" (https://www.axios.com/2024/02/18/trump-sneakers-never-surrender-launch) . Axios (/wiki/Axios_(website)) . Retrieved February 27, 2024 . ^ Jump up to: a b Sullivan, Kate (February 18, 2024). "Trump launches sneaker line a day after judge's order to pay nearly $355 million" (https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/17/politics/trump-sneakers-pay-millions-new-york-trial/index.html) . CNN (/wiki/CNN) . Retrieved February 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Obeidallah, Dean (February 19, 2024). "Trump is going to have to sell a lot of sneakers to pay his judgments" (https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/19/opinions/trump-high-top-trainers-legal-cost-obeidallah/index.html) . CNN (/wiki/CNN) . Retrieved February 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Hernandez, Joe (February 20, 2024). "What to know about the debut of Trump's $399 golden, high-top sneakers" (https://www.npr.org/2024/02/19/1232438349/donald-trump-golden-high-top-sneakers) . NPR (/wiki/NPR) . Retrieved February 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Bernstein, Jacob (February 24, 2024). "This Man Paid $9,000 for a Pair of Donald Trump Sneakers" (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/24/style/donald-trump-sneakers-roman-sharf.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved February 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Christian Louboutin S.A. v. Yves Saint Laurent Am. Inc" (https://casetext.com/case/christian-louboutin-sa-v-yves-saint-laurent-am-inc) . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Are Donald Trump's Red Soled Sneakers a Lawsuit in the Making?" (https://www.thefashionlaw.com/donald-trumps-red-soled-sneakers-are-a-lawsuit-in-the-making/) . The Fashion Law . 18 February 2024 . Retrieved 19 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Otten, Tori (February 20, 2024). "Parkland Survivor Trolls Trump's Sneaker Venture in an Awesome Way" (https://newrepublic.com/post/179139/parkland-survivor-david-hogg-trolls-trump-sneaker-venture) . The New Republic (/wiki/The_New_Republic) . Retrieved February 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Earl, William (February 24, 2024). "Shane Gillis Brings His Trump Impression to 'SNL' to Skewer Ex-President's $400 Gold Sneakers" (https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/shane-gillis-mocks-donald-trump-snl-gold-sneakers-1235921883/) . Variety (/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) . Retrieved February 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Andreeva, Nellie (February 24, 2024). "Shane Gillis Has Donald Trump Impersonation Face-Off With James Austin Johnson In 'SNL' Trump Sneakers Skit" (https://deadline.com/2024/02/shane-gillis-donald-trump-impersonation-james-austin-johnson-snl-trump-sneakers-1235837398/) . Deadline Hollywood (/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood) . Retrieved February 27, 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Beyer, Elizabeth (February 24, 2024). "Trump sneakers an effort to connect with Black voters: Fox News contributor" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/02/24/trump-sneakers-black-voters-fox-news/72730360007/) . USA Today (/wiki/USA_Today) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Never_Surrender_High-Top&oldid=1235124254 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Never_Surrender_High-Top&oldid=1235124254) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Assets owned by the Trump Organization (/wiki/Category:Assets_owned_by_the_Trump_Organization) Athletic shoes (/wiki/Category:Athletic_shoes) Products introduced in 2024 (/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_2024) Shoe brands (/wiki/Category:Shoe_brands) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
Italian costume designer This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( November 2021 ) Gabriella Pescucci Born ( 1941-01-17 ) 17 January 1941 (age 83) Rosignano Solvay (/wiki/Rosignano_Solvay) , Tuscany (/wiki/Tuscany) , Italy (/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy) Occupation Costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) Years active 1963–present Gabriella Pescucci ( Italian pronunciation: [ɡabriˈɛlla (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) peˈskuttʃi] (/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian) ; born 17 January 1941) [1] (#cite_note-movieplayer-1) is an Italian costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) . In a career spanning over six decades, she is recognized for her prolific work across stage and screen. She has received numerous accolades, including an Academy Award (/wiki/Academy_Award) , two BAFTA Awards (/wiki/BAFTA_Awards) , and two Emmy Awards (/wiki/Emmy_Awards) . Pescucci gained prominence for her collaborations with directors Pier Paolo Pasolini (/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini) , Federico Fellini (/wiki/Federico_Fellini) , Sergio Leone (/wiki/Sergio_Leone) , Terry Gilliam (/wiki/Terry_Gilliam) , Martin Scorsese (/wiki/Martin_Scorsese) , Tim Burton (/wiki/Tim_Burton) , and Neil Jordan (/wiki/Neil_Jordan) . [2] (#cite_note-Masi-2) She has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) three times, winning for The Age of Innocence (/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence_(1993_film)) (1993). [3] (#cite_note-3) Biography [ edit ] Gabriella Pescucci was born in Tuscany in the province of Livorno (/wiki/Livorno) . She studied Art at Accademia, Florence (/wiki/Accademia,_Florence) . In 1966, she moved to Rome (/wiki/Rome) with the express intention of becoming a costume designer for the cinema. [1] (#cite_note-movieplayer-1) [4] (#cite_note-vogue-4) She began her career as an assistant to Piero Tosi (/wiki/Piero_Tosi) on the sets of Pasolini's Medea (/wiki/Medea_(1969_film)) and Visconti's Death in Venice (/wiki/Death_in_Venice_(film)) . [5] (#cite_note-imDbProbio-5) Pescucci took her first steps in cinema with Giuseppe Patroni Griffi (/wiki/Giuseppe_Patroni_Griffi) at the start of the 70s, designing costumes that took inspiration from paintings by Carpaccio (/wiki/Vittore_Carpaccio) and Leonardo (/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci) . [4] (#cite_note-vogue-4) Her international debut was in 1984 with Once Upon a Time in America (/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America) , for which she won the first of her two BAFTA Awards (/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) , the second being for The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Baron_Munchausen) by director Terry Gilliam and production designer Dante Ferretti (/wiki/Dante_Ferretti) . [4] (#cite_note-vogue-4) [6] (#cite_note-bafta-6) She received many other nominations and awards, among which a David di Donatello (/wiki/David_di_Donatello) with The Name of the Rose (/wiki/The_Name_of_the_Rose_(film)) and an Oscar (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) for The Age of Innocence (/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence_(1993_film)) in 1993. [7] (#cite_note-tirelli-7) Some of her most popular works include costume design on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_(film)) , Les Misérables (/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(1998_film)) and Agora (/wiki/Agora_(film)) . [8] (#cite_note-mymovies-8) In addition to her film and television work, she has designed for the Opera (/wiki/Opera) , notably La Traviata (/wiki/La_Traviata) at La Scala (/wiki/La_Scala) , Un ballo in maschera (/wiki/Un_ballo_in_maschera) at the Kennedy Centre (/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts) in Washington, D.C. (/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) , [2] (#cite_note-Masi-2) [5] (#cite_note-imDbProbio-5) and La bohème (/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me) in Florence (/wiki/Florence) . [9] (#cite_note-filmreference-9) Filmography [ edit ] Film [ edit ] Year Title Director Notes 1963 I cuori infranti (/wiki/I_cuori_infranti) Vittorio Caprioli (/wiki/Vittorio_Caprioli) 1967 How to Kill 400 Duponts (/wiki/How_to_Kill_400_Duponts) Steno (/wiki/Steno_(director)) 1968 The Seven Cervi Brothers (/wiki/The_Seven_Cervi_Brothers) Gianni Puccini (/wiki/Gianni_Puccini) 1970 Many Wars Ago (/wiki/Many_Wars_Ago) Francesco Rosi (/wiki/Francesco_Rosi) 1971 'Tis Pity She's a Whore (/wiki/%27Tis_Pity_She%27s_a_Whore_(film)) Giuseppe Patroni Griffi (/wiki/Giuseppe_Patroni_Griffi) 1974 The Sensual Man (/wiki/The_Sensual_Man) Marco Vicario (/wiki/Marco_Vicario) The Driver's Seat (/wiki/The_Driver%27s_Seat_(film)) Giuseppe Patroni Griffi The Murri Affair (/wiki/The_Murri_Affair) Mauro Bolognini (/wiki/Mauro_Bolognini) 1975 The Divine Nymph (/wiki/The_Divine_Nymph) Giuseppe Patroni Griffi 1976 The Inheritance (/wiki/The_Inheritance_(1976_film)) Mauro Bolognini 1977 Il gabbiano (/wiki/Il_gabbiano) Marco Bellocchio (/wiki/Marco_Bellocchio) 1978 Orchestra Rehearsal (/wiki/Orchestra_Rehearsal) Federico Fellini (/wiki/Federico_Fellini) 1980 City of Women (/wiki/City_of_Women) Federico Fellini 1981 Three Brothers (/wiki/Three_Brothers_(1981_film)) Francesco Rosi Passion of Love (/wiki/Passion_of_Love) Ettore Scola (/wiki/Ettore_Scola) 1982 That Night in Varennes (/wiki/That_Night_in_Varennes) Ettore Scola 1984 Once Upon a Time in America (/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America) Sergio Leone (/wiki/Sergio_Leone) Good King Dagobert (/wiki/Good_King_Dagobert) Dino Risi (/wiki/Dino_Risi) 1985 L'Orfeo (/wiki/L%27Orfeo) Claude Goretta (/wiki/Claude_Goretta) Also known as La favola d'Orfeo 1986 The Name of the Rose (/wiki/The_Name_of_the_Rose_(film)) Jean-Jacques Annaud (/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Annaud) 1987 The Family (/wiki/The_Family_(1987_film)) Ettore Scola 1988 The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Baron_Munchausen) Terry Gilliam (/wiki/Terry_Gilliam) Haunted Summer (/wiki/Haunted_Summer) Ivan Passer (/wiki/Ivan_Passer) Splendor (/wiki/Splendor_(1989_film)) Ettore Scola 1989 What Time Is It? (/wiki/What_Time_Is_It%3F_(film)) Ettore Scola 1992 Indochine (/wiki/Indochine_(film)) Régis Wargnier (/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Wargnier) 1993 The Age of Innocence (/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence_(1993_film)) Martin Scorsese (/wiki/Martin_Scorsese) For Love, Only for Love (/wiki/For_Love,_Only_for_Love) Giovanni Veronesi (/wiki/Giovanni_Veronesi) 1995 The Night and the Moment (/wiki/The_Night_and_the_Moment) Anna Maria Tatò (/wiki/Anna_Maria_Tat%C3%B2) The Scarlet Letter (/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter_(1995_film)) Roland Joffé (/wiki/Roland_Joff%C3%A9) 1998 Dangerous Beauty (/wiki/Dangerous_Beauty) Marshall Herskovitz (/wiki/Marshall_Herskovitz) Les Misérables (/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables_(1998_film)) Bille August (/wiki/Bille_August) Cousin Bette (/wiki/Cousin_Bette_(1998_film)) Des McAnuff (/wiki/Des_McAnuff) 1999 A Midsummer Night's Dream (/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream_(1999_film)) Michael Hoffman (/wiki/Michael_Hoffman_(director)) Time Regained (/wiki/Time_Regained_(film)) Raúl Ruiz (/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Ruiz_(director)) 2003 Lost Love (/wiki/Lost_Love) Franco Battiato (/wiki/Franco_Battiato) 2004 Secret Passage (/wiki/Secret_Passage) Ademir Kenović (/wiki/Ademir_Kenovi%C4%87) Van Helsing (/wiki/Van_Helsing_(film)) Stephen Sommers (/wiki/Stephen_Sommers) 2005 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_(film)) Tim Burton (/wiki/Tim_Burton) The Brothers Grimm (/wiki/The_Brothers_Grimm_(film)) Terry Gilliam 2007 Beowulf (/wiki/Beowulf_(2007_film)) Robert Zemeckis (/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis) 2009 Agora (/wiki/Agora_(film)) Alejandro Amenábar (/wiki/Alejandro_Amen%C3%A1bar) 2010 The First Beautiful Thing (/wiki/The_First_Beautiful_Thing) Paolo Virzì (/wiki/Paolo_Virz%C3%AC) 2011 The Jewel (/wiki/The_Jewel_(2011_film)) Andrea Molaioli (/wiki/Andrea_Molaioli) The Wholly Family (/wiki/The_Wholly_Family) Terry Gilliam Short film 2019 The Burnt Orange Heresy (/wiki/The_Burnt_Orange_Heresy) Giuseppe Capotondi (/wiki/Giuseppe_Capotondi) Television [ edit ] Year Title Notes 1984 Aurora (/wiki/Aurora_(1984_film)) TV film 1985 Il trovatore (/wiki/Il_trovatore) TV opera 1990 Norma (/wiki/Norma_(opera)) 1995 Solomon and Sheba (/wiki/Solomon_%26_Sheba_(1995_film)) TV film Slave of Dreams (/wiki/Slave_of_Dreams) 1996 Cavalleria rusticana (/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana) TV opera 1998 Manon Lescaut (/wiki/Manon_Lescaut_(Puccini)) 2011–2013 The Borgias (/wiki/The_Borgias_(2011_TV_series)) 29 episodes 2014–2016 Penny Dreadful (/wiki/Penny_Dreadful_(TV_series)) 27 episodes 2021–2023 Domina (/wiki/Domina_(TV_series)) 16 episodes Stage [ edit ] Year Title Venue Notes 1992 La traviata (/wiki/La_traviata) La Scala (/wiki/La_Scala) Opera directed by Manuela Crivelli 2001 Un ballo in maschera (/wiki/Un_ballo_in_maschera) Kennedy Centre (/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts) Opera directed by Carlo Battistoni 2007 La traviata (/wiki/La_traviata) La Scala (/wiki/La_Scala) Opera directed by Manuela Crivelli Self-appearances Year Title Notes 1994 The 66th Academy Awards (/wiki/66th_Academy_Awards) TV special 2001 Sergio Leone: Cinema, Cinema TV documentary 2002 Lost in La Mancha (/wiki/Lost_in_La_Mancha) TV documentary 2005 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: Designer Chocolate TV documentary 2010 XXIV Premios Anuales de la Academia TV special Dante Ferretti (/wiki/Dante_Ferretti) : Italian Scenographer TV documentary Awards and nominations [ edit ] Major associations [ edit ] Academy Awards (/wiki/Academy_Awards) Year Category Nominated work Result Ref. 1989 (/wiki/62nd_Academy_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Baron_Munchausen) Nominated [10] (#cite_note-10) 1993 (/wiki/66th_Academy_Awards) The Age of Innocence (/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence_(1993_film)) Won [11] (#cite_note-11) 2005 (/wiki/78th_Academy_Awards) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_(film)) Nominated [12] (#cite_note-12) BAFTA Awards (/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts) Year Category Nominated work Result Ref. British Academy Film Awards (/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards) 1984 (/wiki/38th_British_Academy_Film_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Once Upon a Time in America (/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America) Won [13] (#cite_note-13) 1989 (/wiki/43rd_British_Academy_Film_Awards) The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Baron_Munchausen) Won [14] (#cite_note-14) 2005 (/wiki/59th_British_Academy_Film_Awards) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_(film)) Nominated [15] (#cite_note-15) BAFTA Television Craft Awards (/wiki/British_Academy_Television_Craft_Awards) 2015 (/wiki/2015_British_Academy_Television_Craft_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/British_Academy_Television_Craft_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Penny Dreadful (/wiki/Penny_Dreadful_(TV_series)) Nominated [16] (#cite_note-16) Emmy Awards (/wiki/Emmy_Awards) Year Category Nominated work Result Ref. Primetime Emmy Awards (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards) 2011 (/wiki/63rd_Primetime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards) Outstanding Costumes for a Series (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Costumes_for_a_Series) The Borgias (/wiki/The_Borgias_(2011_TV_series)) Won [17] (#cite_note-17) 2012 (/wiki/64th_Primetime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards) Nominated 2013 (/wiki/65th_Primetime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards) Won Miscellaneous awards [ edit ] List of Gabriella Pescucci other awards and nominations Award Year Category Title Result Capri Hollywood International Film Festival (/wiki/Capri_Hollywood_International_Film_Festival) 2005 Capri Umberto Tirelli Award The Brothers Grimm (/wiki/The_Brothers_Grimm_(film)) Won César Awards (/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Awards) 1992 (/wiki/18th_C%C3%A9sar_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Indochine (/wiki/Indochine_(film)) Nominated 1999 (/wiki/25th_C%C3%A9sar_Awards) Time Regained (/wiki/Time_Regained_(film)) Nominated Ciak d'oro (/wiki/Ciak) 1987 Best Costume Design The Family (/wiki/The_Family_(1987_film)) Won 1990 The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Baron_Munchausen) Won 1997 Albergo Roma (/wiki/Albergo_Roma) Won 2010 The First Beautiful Thing (/wiki/The_First_Beautiful_Thing) Won Costume Designers Guild Awards (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Awards) 2005 (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Awards_2005) Excellence in Fantasy Film (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Fantasy_Film) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_(film)) Nominated 2011 Excellence in Period/Fantasy for Television (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Period_Television) The Borgias (/wiki/The_Borgias_(2011_TV_series)) Nominated 2013 Nominated 2015 (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Awards_2015) Excellence in Period Television (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Excellence_in_Period_Television) Penny Dreadful (/wiki/Penny_Dreadful_(TV_series)) Nominated 2016 (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Awards_2016) Nominated David di Donatello Awards (/wiki/David_di_Donatello) 1981 Best Costumes (/wiki/David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Costumes) Three Brothers (/wiki/Three_Brothers_(1981_film)) Nominated 1983 That Night in Varennes (/wiki/That_Night_in_Varennes) Won 1987 The Name of the Rose (/wiki/The_Name_of_the_Rose_(film)) Won The Family (/wiki/The_Family_(1987_film)) Nominated 1989 Splendor (/wiki/Splendor_(1989_film)) Nominated 1994 For Love, Only for Love (/wiki/For_Love,_Only_for_Love) Nominated 2010 The First Beautiful Thing (/wiki/The_First_Beautiful_Thing) Nominated Goya Awards (/wiki/Goya_Awards) 2009 (/wiki/24th_Goya_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/Goya_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) Agora (/wiki/Agora_(film)) Won Nastro d'Argento Awards (/wiki/Nastro_d%27Argento) 1975 Best Costume Design The Murri Affair (/wiki/The_Murri_Affair) Won 1976 The Divine Nymph (/wiki/The_Divine_Nymph) Won 1980 City of Women (/wiki/City_of_Women) Won 1983 That Night in Varennes (/wiki/That_Night_in_Varennes) Nominated 1987 The Name of the Rose (/wiki/The_Name_of_the_Rose_(film)) Won 1990 The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Baron_Munchausen) Won 1994 The Age of Innocence (/wiki/The_Age_of_Innocence_(1993_film)) Won 1996 The Night and the Moment (/wiki/The_Night_and_the_Moment) Nominated 2004 Lost Love (/wiki/Lost_Love) Nominated 2005 Van Helsing (/wiki/Van_Helsing_(film)) Nominated 2006 Special Award Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_(film)) Won (Costume Design) 2010 Best Costume Design Agora (/wiki/Agora_(film)) The First Beautiful Thing (/wiki/The_First_Beautiful_Thing) Won Saturn Awards (/wiki/Saturn_Awards) 1990 (/wiki/17th_Saturn_Awards) Best Costume Design (/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Baron_Munchausen) Nominated 2004 (/wiki/31st_Saturn_Awards) Van Helsing (/wiki/Van_Helsing_(film)) Nominated 2005 (/wiki/32nd_Saturn_Awards) Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_(film)) Nominated Curiosities [ edit ] Pescucci was the costume designer for the failed Terry Gilliam (/wiki/Terry_Gilliam) project The Man Who Killed Don Quixote (/wiki/The_Man_Who_Killed_Don_Quixote) . [18] (#cite_note-imDbPro-18) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Ariola, Gianpiero. "Gabriella Pescucci Biografia" (http://www.movieplayer.it/personaggi/gabriella-pescucci_9205/biografia/) . movieplayer (in Italian) . Retrieved 9 Sep 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b Masi, Stefano (1990). Italian film costume design and the other set design . L'Aquila: Aladdin Books. pp. 15–26(2°vol). ^ (#cite_ref-3) Brennan, Judy (20 March 1994). "Calendar's Big Oscars Issue : Living (and Dressing) in the Past" (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-03-20-ca-36163-story.html) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 20 January 2021 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Massuras, Caterina. "Gabriella Pescucci for Vogue Italy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133612/http://www.vogue.it/en/encyclo/cinema/p/gabriella-pescucci) . vogue . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.it/en/encyclo/cinema/p/gabriella-pescucci) on 2 April 2015 . Retrieved 9 Sep 2012 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Gabriella Pescucci Bio" (https://pro.imdb.com/name/nm0675951/bio) . IMDb Pro . Retrieved 6 Sep 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-bafta_6-0) "Bafta Award Best Costume Design" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121010052418/http://www.listal.com/list/bafta-award-best-costume-design) . BAFTA . Archived from the original (http://www.listal.com/list/bafta-award-best-costume-design) on 10 October 2012 . Retrieved 9 Sep 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-tirelli_7-0) "Tirelli Costumi: 40 years of experience serving film and theatre" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130929125039/http://www.tirelli-costumi.com/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=4) . Tirelli-costumi . Archived from the original (http://www.tirelli-costumi.com/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=4) on 29 September 2013 . Retrieved 9 Sep 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-mymovies_8-0) "Gabriella Pescucci Filmografia" (http://www.mymovies.it/biografia/?a=177491) . mymovies (in Italian) . Retrieved 6 Sep 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-filmreference_9-0) "Gabriella Pescucci References" (http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/Gabriella-Pescucci.html) . filmreference . Retrieved 9 Sep 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners" (http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1990) . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences) (AMPAS). 5 October 2014 . Retrieved August 29, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "66th Academy Awards" (http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1994) . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 4 October 2014 . Retrieved August 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "78th Academy Awards" (http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2006) . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 4 December 2015 . Retrieved August 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "38th British Academy Film Awards" (http://awards.bafta.org/award/1985/film) . British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) . Retrieved August 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "43rd British Academy Film Awards" (http://awards.bafta.org/award/1990/film) . British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) . Retrieved August 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "59th British Academy Film Awards" (http://awards.bafta.org/award/2006/film) . British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) . Retrieved August 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "16th British Academy Television Craft Awards" (http://awards.bafta.org/award/2015/tvcraft) . British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) . Retrieved August 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Gabriella Pescucci - Emmy Awards, Nominations, and Wins" (https://www.emmys.com/bios/gabriella-pescucci) . Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS) . Retrieved August 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-imDbPro_18-0) "Gabriella Pescucci personal details" (https://pro.imdb.com/name/nm0675951/personal) . IMDb Pro . Retrieved 6 Sep 2012 . External links [ edit ] Gabriella Pescucci (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0675951/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Awards for Gabriella Pescucci v t e Academy Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 1948–1956 1948 (Black and white): Roger K. Furse (/wiki/Roger_K._Furse) / (Color): Dorothy Jeakins (/wiki/Dorothy_Jeakins) and Barbara Karinska (/wiki/Barbara_Karinska) 1949 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) and Gile Steele (/wiki/Gile_Steele) / (c): Marjorie Best (/wiki/Marjorie_Best) , Leah Rhodes (/wiki/Leah_Rhodes) and William Travilla (/wiki/William_Travilla) 1950 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) , Charles LeMaire (/wiki/Charles_LeMaire) / (c): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) , Dorothy Jeakins (/wiki/Dorothy_Jeakins) , Elois Jenssen (/wiki/Elois_Jenssen) , Gile Steele (/wiki/Gile_Steele) , Gwen Wakeling (/wiki/Gwen_Wakeling) 1951 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) /(c): Orry-Kelly (/wiki/Orry-Kelly) , Walter Plunkett (/wiki/Walter_Plunkett) , Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1952 (bw): Helen Rose (/wiki/Helen_Rose) / (c): Marcel Vertès (/wiki/Marcel_Vert%C3%A8s) 1953 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) / (c): Charles LeMaire (/wiki/Charles_LeMaire) , Emile Santiago (/wiki/Emile_Santiago) 1954 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) / (c): Sanzo Wada (/wiki/Sanzo_Wada) 1955 (bw): Helen Rose (/wiki/Helen_Rose) / (c): Charles LeMaire (/wiki/Charles_LeMaire) 1956 (bw): Jean Louis (/wiki/Jean_Louis) / (c): Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1957–1958 1957: Orry-Kelly (/wiki/Orry-Kelly) 1958: Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) 1959–1960 1959 (bw): Orry-Kelly (/wiki/Orry-Kelly) / (c): Elizabeth Haffenden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Haffenden) 1960 (bw): Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) and Edward Stevenson (/wiki/Edward_Stevenson_(costume_designer)) / (c): Bill Thomas (/wiki/Bill_Thomas_(costume_designer)) and Arlington Valles (/wiki/Arlington_Valles) 1961–1966 1961 (bw): Piero Gherardi (/wiki/Piero_Gherardi) / (c): Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1962 (bw): Norma Koch (/wiki/Norma_Koch) / (c): Mary Wills (/wiki/Mary_Wills_(costume_designer)) 1963 (bw): Piero Gherardi (/wiki/Piero_Gherardi) / (c): Renié (/wiki/Reni%C3%A9) , Vittorio Nino Novarese (/wiki/Vittorio_Nino_Novarese) and Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) 1964 (bw): Dorothy Jeakins (/wiki/Dorothy_Jeakins) / (c): Cecil Beaton (/wiki/Cecil_Beaton) 1965 (bw): Julie Harris (/wiki/Julie_Harris_(costume_designer)) / (c): Phyllis Dalton (/wiki/Phyllis_Dalton) 1966 (bw): Irene Sharaff (/wiki/Irene_Sharaff) / (c): Joan Bridge (/wiki/Joan_Bridge) and Elizabeth Haffenden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Haffenden) 1967–1980 1967: John Truscott (/wiki/John_Truscott) 1968: Danilo Donati (/wiki/Danilo_Donati) 1969: Margaret Furse (/wiki/Margaret_Furse) 1970: Vittorio Nino Novarese (/wiki/Vittorio_Nino_Novarese) 1971: Yvonne Blake (/wiki/Yvonne_Blake) and Antonio Castillo (/wiki/Antonio_Castillo_(costume_designer)) 1972: Anthony Powell (/wiki/Anthony_Powell_(designer)) 1973: Edith Head (/wiki/Edith_Head) 1974: Theoni V. Aldredge (/wiki/Theoni_V._Aldredge) 1975: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) and Ulla-Britt Söderlund (/wiki/Ulla-Britt_S%C3%B6derlund) 1976: Danilo Donati (/wiki/Danilo_Donati) 1977: John Mollo (/wiki/John_Mollo) 1978: Anthony Powell (/wiki/Anthony_Powell_(designer)) 1979: Albert Wolsky (/wiki/Albert_Wolsky) 1980: Anthony Powell (/wiki/Anthony_Powell_(designer)) 1981–2000 1981: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) 1982: Bhanu Athaiya (/wiki/Bhanu_Athaiya) and John Mollo (/wiki/John_Mollo) 1983: Marik Vos-Lundh (/wiki/Marik_Vos-Lundh) 1984: Theodor Pištěk (/wiki/Theodor_Pi%C5%A1t%C4%9Bk_(artist)) 1985: Emi Wada (/wiki/Emi_Wada) 1986: Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) and John Bright (/wiki/John_Bright_(costume_designer)) 1987: James Acheson (/wiki/James_Acheson) 1988: James Acheson (/wiki/James_Acheson) 1989: Phyllis Dalton (/wiki/Phyllis_Dalton) 1990: Franca Squarciapino (/wiki/Franca_Squarciapino) 1991: Albert Wolsky (/wiki/Albert_Wolsky) 1992: Eiko Ishioka (/wiki/Eiko_Ishioka) 1993: Gabriella Pescucci 1994: Tim Chappel (/wiki/Tim_Chappel) and Lizzy Gardiner (/wiki/Lizzy_Gardiner) 1995: James Acheson (/wiki/James_Acheson) 1996: Ann Roth (/wiki/Ann_Roth) 1997: Deborah Lynn Scott (/wiki/Deborah_Lynn_Scott) 1998: Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) 1999: Lindy Hemming (/wiki/Lindy_Hemming) 2000: Janty Yates (/wiki/Janty_Yates) 2001–2020 2001: Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) and Angus Strathie (/wiki/Angus_Strathie) 2002: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2003: Ngila Dickson (/wiki/Ngila_Dickson) and Richard Taylor (/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)) 2004: Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) 2005: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2006: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) 2007: Alexandra Byrne (/wiki/Alexandra_Byrne) 2008: Michael O'Connor (/wiki/Michael_O%27Connor_(costume_designer)) 2009: Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) 2010: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2011: Mark Bridges (/wiki/Mark_Bridges_(costume_designer)) 2012: Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) 2013: Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) 2014: Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) 2015: Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) 2016: Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) 2017: Mark Bridges (/wiki/Mark_Bridges_(costume_designer)) 2018: Ruth E. Carter (/wiki/Ruth_E._Carter) 2019: Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) 2020: Ann Roth (/wiki/Ann_Roth) 2021–present 2021: Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) 2022: Ruth E. Carter (/wiki/Ruth_E._Carter) 2023: Holly Waddington (/wiki/Holly_Waddington) Black and White / Color separate (1948–1956, 1959–1966) v t e BAFTA Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 1964–1967 Black and White Motley (/wiki/Motley_Theatre_Design_Group) (1964) No Award (1965) No Award (1966) Jocelyn Rickards (/wiki/Jocelyn_Rickards) (1967) Colour Margaret Furse (/wiki/Margaret_Furse) (1964) Osbert Lancaster (/wiki/Osbert_Lancaster) and Dinah Greet (1965) Julie Harris (/wiki/Julie_Harris_(costume_designer)) (1966) Elizabeth Haffenden (/wiki/Elizabeth_Haffenden) and Joan Bridge (/wiki/Joan_Bridge) (1967) 1968–present Danilo Donati (/wiki/Danilo_Donati) (1968) Anthony Mendleson (/wiki/Anthony_Mendleson) (1969) Maria De Matteis (/wiki/Maria_De_Matteis) (1970) Piero Tosi (/wiki/Piero_Tosi) (1971) Anthony Mendleson (/wiki/Anthony_Mendleson) (1972) Phyllis Dalton (/wiki/Phyllis_Dalton) (1973) Theoni V. Aldredge (/wiki/Theoni_V._Aldredge) (1974) Ann Roth (/wiki/Ann_Roth) (1975) Moidele Bickel (/wiki/Moidele_Bickel) (1976) Danilo Donati (/wiki/Danilo_Donati) (1977) Anthony Powell (/wiki/Anthony_Powell_(designer)) (1978) Shirley Ann Russell (/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Russell) (1979) Seiichiro Momosawa (1980) Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) (1981) Michael Kaplan (/wiki/Michael_Kaplan_(costume_designer)) and Charles Knode (/wiki/Charles_Knode) (1982) Piero Tosi (/wiki/Piero_Tosi) (1983) Gabriella Pescucci (1984) Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) (1985) Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) and John Bright (/wiki/John_Bright_(costume_designer)) (1986) Jeffrey Kurland (/wiki/Jeffrey_Kurland) (1987) James Acheson (/wiki/James_Acheson) (1988) Gabriella Pescucci (1989) Richard Bruno (/wiki/Richard_Bruno) (1990) Franca Squarciapino (/wiki/Franca_Squarciapino) (1991) Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) and Angus Strathie (/wiki/Angus_Strathie) (1992) Janet Patterson (/wiki/Janet_Patterson) (1993) Tim Chappel (/wiki/Tim_Chappel) and Lizzy Gardiner (/wiki/Lizzy_Gardiner) (1994) Charles Knode (/wiki/Charles_Knode) (1995) Shuna Harwood (/wiki/Shuna_Harwood) (1996) Deirdre Clancy (/wiki/Deirdre_Clancy) (1997) Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) (1998) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (1999) Timmy Yip (/wiki/Timmy_Yip) (2000) Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) (2001) Ngila Dickson (/wiki/Ngila_Dickson) and Richard Taylor (/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)) (2002) Wendy Stites (/wiki/Wendy_Stites) (2003) Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) (2004) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2005) Lala Huete (2006) Marit Allen (/wiki/Marit_Allen) (2007) Michael O'Connor (/wiki/Michael_O%27Connor_(costume_designer)) (2008) Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) (2009) Colleen Atwood (/wiki/Colleen_Atwood) (2010) Mark Bridges (/wiki/Mark_Bridges_(costume_designer)) (2011) Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) (2012) Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) (2013) Milena Canonero (/wiki/Milena_Canonero) (2014) Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) (2015) Madeline Fontaine (/wiki/Madeline_Fontaine) (2016) Mark Bridges (/wiki/Mark_Bridges_(costume_designer)) (2017) Sandy Powell (/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)) (2018) Jacqueline Durran (/wiki/Jacqueline_Durran) (2019) Ann Roth (/wiki/Ann_Roth) (2020) Jenny Beavan (/wiki/Jenny_Beavan) (2021) Catherine Martin (/wiki/Catherine_Martin_(designer)) (2022) Holly Waddington (/wiki/Holly_Waddington) (2023) v t e Goya Award for Best Costume Design (/wiki/Goya_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design) 1980s 1986: Gerardo Vera (/wiki/Gerardo_Vera) 1987: Javier Artiñano (/wiki/Javier_Arti%C3%B1ano) 1988: Yvonne Blake (/wiki/Yvonne_Blake) 1989: Montse Amenos and Isidro Prunes 1990s 1990: Rafael Palmero and Mercedes Sánchez 1991: Javier Artiñano (/wiki/Javier_Arti%C3%B1ano) 1992: Javier Artiñano (/wiki/Javier_Arti%C3%B1ano) 1993: Andrea D'Odorico 1994: Yvonne Blake (/wiki/Yvonne_Blake) 1995: Pablo Gago Montilla 1996: Pedro Moreno 1997: Franca Squarciapino (/wiki/Franca_Squarciapino) 1998: Lala Huete and Sonia Grande (/wiki/Sonia_Grande) 1999: Pedro Moreno 2000s 2000: Javier Artiñano (/wiki/Javier_Arti%C3%B1ano) 2001: Javier Artiñano (/wiki/Javier_Arti%C3%B1ano) 2002: Lala Huete 2003: Yvonne Blake (/wiki/Yvonne_Blake) 2004: Yvonne Blake (/wiki/Yvonne_Blake) 2005: María José Iglesias 2006: Francesca Sartori 2007: Lena Mossum 2008: Lala Huete 2009: Gabriella Pescucci 2010s 2010: Tatiana Hernández 2011: Clara Bilbao 2012: Paco Delgado (/wiki/Paco_Delgado) 2013: Paco Delgado (/wiki/Paco_Delgado) 2014: Fernando García 2015: Clara Bilbao 2016: Paola Torres 2017: Saioa Lara 2018: Clara Bilbao 2019: Sonia Grande (/wiki/Sonia_Grande) 2020s 2020: Nerea Torrijos 2021: Vinyet Escobar 2022: Fernando García 2023: Julio Suárez Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/332346/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000373144753) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/63228522) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhRKHpXpqVfHCPvDH6xjC) National Norway (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/7015973) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14266313x) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14266313x) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/119427451) Italy (https://opac.sbn.it/nome/LO1V131235) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007329584705171) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93116789) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐9bwn9 Cached time: 20240712182342 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.606 seconds Real time usage: 0.855 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3507/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 145701/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 39202/2097152 bytes Highest expansion 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The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Textile and clothing trade unions (/wiki/Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions) . Contents Top (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions) 0–9 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=0) A (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=A) B (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=B) C (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=C) D (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=D) E (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=E) F (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=F) G (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=G) H (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=H) I (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=I) J (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=J) K (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=K) L (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=L) M (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=M) N (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=N) O (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=O) P (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=P) Q (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=Q) R (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=R) S (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=S) T (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=T) U (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=U) V (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=V) W (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=W) X (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=X) Y (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=Y) Z (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Textile_and_clothing_trade_unions&from=Z) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐849c5c9bf4‐2twpb Cached time: 20240626134940 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.110 seconds Real time usage: 0.142 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 318/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30057/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3354/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3425/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.021/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 627174/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 127.324 1 -total 59.02% 75.151 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 57.09% 72.692 2 Template:Category_other 53.22% 67.758 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 46.98% 59.819 1 Template:Category_TOC 40.79% 51.937 1 Template:Cat_main 38.46% 48.968 1 Template:TOC_top 29.90% 38.065 1 Template:Flatlist 2.47% 3.151 1 Template:TOC_bottom 2.23% 2.835 1 Template:Category_TOC/tracking Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:4055691-0!canonical and timestamp 20240626134940 and revision id 1038783845. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. C Clothing industry trade unions (/wiki/Category:Clothing_industry_trade_unions) ‎ (1 C, 29 P) Cotton industry trade unions (/wiki/Category:Cotton_industry_trade_unions) ‎ (42 P) F Footwear industry trade unions (/wiki/Category:Footwear_industry_trade_unions) ‎ (1 C, 18 P) H Hat makers' trade unions (/wiki/Category:Hat_makers%27_trade_unions) ‎ (8 P) I International Federation Textile-Clothing (/wiki/Category:International_Federation_Textile-Clothing) ‎ (1 P) J Jute industry trade unions (/wiki/Category:Jute_industry_trade_unions) ‎ (1 C, 10 P) L Laundry workers' trade unions (/wiki/Category:Laundry_workers%27_trade_unions) ‎ (4 P) Leather industry trade unions (/wiki/Category:Leather_industry_trade_unions) ‎ (25 P) U United Textile Factory Workers' Association (/wiki/Category:United_Textile_Factory_Workers%27_Association) ‎ (3 C, 1 P) Pages in category "Textile and clothing trade unions" The following 106 pages are in this category, out of 106 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . List of textile and clothing trade unions (/wiki/List_of_textile_and_clothing_trade_unions) A Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (/wiki/Amalgamated_Clothing_and_Textile_Workers_Union) Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers' Union of South Africa (/wiki/Amalgamated_Clothing_and_Textile_Workers%27_Union_of_South_Africa) Amalgamated Footwear and Textile Workers' Union of Australia (/wiki/Amalgamated_Footwear_and_Textile_Workers%27_Union_of_Australia) Amalgamated Lace Operatives of America (/wiki/Amalgamated_Lace_Operatives_of_America) Amalgamated Society of Dyers, Finishers and Kindred Trades (/wiki/Amalgamated_Society_of_Dyers,_Finishers_and_Kindred_Trades) Amalgamated Society of Operative Lace Makers and Auxiliary Workers (/wiki/Amalgamated_Society_of_Operative_Lace_Makers_and_Auxiliary_Workers) Amalgamated Society of Textile Workers and Kindred Trades (/wiki/Amalgamated_Society_of_Textile_Workers_and_Kindred_Trades) American Federation of Hosiery Workers (/wiki/American_Federation_of_Hosiery_Workers) Australian Textile Workers' Union (/wiki/Australian_Textile_Workers%27_Union) B Bunkar Mahasabha (/wiki/Bunkar_Mahasabha) C Clothing and Hat Federation (/wiki/Clothing_and_Hat_Federation) Clothing, Laundry and Allied Workers Union of Aotearoa (/wiki/Clothing,_Laundry_and_Allied_Workers_Union_of_Aotearoa) Coimbatore District Textile Workers Union (/wiki/Coimbatore_District_Textile_Workers_Union) D Danish Clothing and Textile Workers' Union (/wiki/Danish_Clothing_and_Textile_Workers%27_Union) Danish Textile Workers' Union (/wiki/Danish_Textile_Workers%27_Union) Dutch Catholic Clothing and Textile Workers' Union (/wiki/Dutch_Catholic_Clothing_and_Textile_Workers%27_Union) Dutch Catholic Metal Workers' Union (/wiki/Dutch_Catholic_Metal_Workers%27_Union) F Federation of Textile, Leather, Chemical and Allied Industries (/wiki/Federation_of_Textile,_Leather,_Chemical_and_Allied_Industries) Flax Dressers' Trade Union (/wiki/Flax_Dressers%27_Trade_Union) Flax Roughers' and Yarn Spinners' Trade Union (/wiki/Flax_Roughers%27_and_Yarn_Spinners%27_Trade_Union) FO Textiles (/wiki/FO_Textiles) G General Industrial Union of Textiles and Clothing (/wiki/General_Industrial_Union_of_Textiles_and_Clothing) General Union of Lancashire and Yorkshire Warp Dressers' Association (/wiki/General_Union_of_Lancashire_and_Yorkshire_Warp_Dressers%27_Association) General Union of Textile Workers (/wiki/General_Union_of_Textile_Workers) German Furriers' Union (/wiki/German_Furriers%27_Union) German Textile Workers' Union (/wiki/German_Textile_Workers%27_Union) H Hinckley and District Hosiery Union (/wiki/Hinckley_and_District_Hosiery_Union) I Ilkeston and District Hosiery Union (/wiki/Ilkeston_and_District_Hosiery_Union) Industrial Union of Textiles, Clothing and Leather (/wiki/Industrial_Union_of_Textiles,_Clothing_and_Leather) International Association of Cleaning and Dye House Workers (/wiki/International_Association_of_Cleaning_and_Dye_House_Workers) International Federation of Furriers (/wiki/International_Federation_of_Furriers) International Federation of Textile Workers' Associations (/wiki/International_Federation_of_Textile_Workers%27_Associations) International Glove Workers' Union of America (/wiki/International_Glove_Workers%27_Union_of_America) International Labor Union (/wiki/International_Labor_Union) International Textile and Garment Workers' Federation (/wiki/International_Textile_and_Garment_Workers%27_Federation) International Textile, Garment and Leather Workers' Federation (/wiki/International_Textile,_Garment_and_Leather_Workers%27_Federation) Italian Federation of Textile and Clothing Workers (/wiki/Italian_Federation_of_Textile_and_Clothing_Workers) Italian Federation of Textile and Garment Workers (/wiki/Italian_Federation_of_Textile_and_Garment_Workers) Italian Federation of Textile Workers (/wiki/Italian_Federation_of_Textile_Workers) Italian Federation of Textile Workers (CISL) (/wiki/Italian_Federation_of_Textile_Workers_(CISL)) Italian Union of Textile and Clothing Workers (/wiki/Italian_Union_of_Textile_and_Clothing_Workers) Italian Union of Textile Workers (/wiki/Italian_Union_of_Textile_Workers) J Japan Federation of Textile and Clothing Workers' Unions (/wiki/Japan_Federation_of_Textile_and_Clothing_Workers%27_Unions) Japanese Federation of Textile, Chemical, Commerce, Food and General Services Workers' Unions (/wiki/Japanese_Federation_of_Textile,_Chemical,_Commerce,_Food_and_General_Services_Workers%27_Unions) L Lancashire Amalgamated Tape Sizers' Friendly Society (/wiki/Lancashire_Amalgamated_Tape_Sizers%27_Friendly_Society) Leicester and Leicestershire Amalgamated Hosiery Union (/wiki/Leicester_and_Leicestershire_Amalgamated_Hosiery_Union) M Metal-Textile Union (/wiki/Metal-Textile_Union) Metea (trade union) (/wiki/Metea_(trade_union)) N National Federation of Textile Industry Workers (/wiki/National_Federation_of_Textile_Industry_Workers) National Federation of Textiles (/wiki/National_Federation_of_Textiles) National Federation of Textiles and Leather (/wiki/National_Federation_of_Textiles_and_Leather) National Society of Dyers and Finishers (/wiki/National_Society_of_Dyers_and_Finishers) National Union of Dyers, Bleachers and Textile Workers (/wiki/National_Union_of_Dyers,_Bleachers_and_Textile_Workers) National Union of Glovers and Leatherworkers (/wiki/National_Union_of_Glovers_and_Leatherworkers) National Union of Hosiery and Knitwear Workers (/wiki/National_Union_of_Hosiery_and_Knitwear_Workers) National Union of Knitwear, Footwear and Apparel Trades (/wiki/National_Union_of_Knitwear,_Footwear_and_Apparel_Trades) National Union of Textile Workers (/wiki/National_Union_of_Textile_Workers) National Union of Textile Workers (South Africa) (/wiki/National_Union_of_Textile_Workers_(South_Africa)) National Union of Textile, Garment and Tailoring Workers of Nigeria (/wiki/National_Union_of_Textile,_Garment_and_Tailoring_Workers_of_Nigeria) National Woolsorters' Society (/wiki/National_Woolsorters%27_Society) Northern Carpet Trades Union (/wiki/Northern_Carpet_Trades_Union) Northern Ireland Textile Workers' Union (/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Textile_Workers%27_Union) Norwegian Union of Textile Workers (/wiki/Norwegian_Union_of_Textile_Workers) Nottingham and District Hosiery Workers' Society (/wiki/Nottingham_and_District_Hosiery_Workers%27_Society) Nottingham Hosiery Finishers' Association (/wiki/Nottingham_Hosiery_Finishers%27_Association) O Operative Bleachers, Dyers and Finishers Association (/wiki/Operative_Bleachers,_Dyers_and_Finishers_Association) P Pattern Weavers' Society (/wiki/Pattern_Weavers%27_Society) Pondicherry Textile Labour Union (/wiki/Pondicherry_Textile_Labour_Union) Portadown Textile Workers' Union (/wiki/Portadown_Textile_Workers%27_Union) Power Loom Carpet Weavers' and Textile Workers' Union (/wiki/Power_Loom_Carpet_Weavers%27_and_Textile_Workers%27_Union) Power Loom Tenters' Trade Union of Ireland (/wiki/Power_Loom_Tenters%27_Trade_Union_of_Ireland) Powerloom Workers Union (/wiki/Powerloom_Workers_Union) R Rashtriya Mill Mazdoor Sangh (/wiki/Rashtriya_Mill_Mazdoor_Sangh) S Scottish Lace and Textile Workers' Union (/wiki/Scottish_Lace_and_Textile_Workers%27_Union) Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers Union (/wiki/Southern_African_Clothing_and_Textile_Workers_Union) Swedish Textile Workers' Union (/wiki/Swedish_Textile_Workers%27_Union) Swedish Textile, Garment and Leather Workers' Union (/wiki/Swedish_Textile,_Garment_and_Leather_Workers%27_Union) Swiss Clothing, Leather and Equipment Workers' Union (/wiki/Swiss_Clothing,_Leather_and_Equipment_Workers%27_Union) T Textile and Clothing Union (/wiki/Textile_and_Clothing_Union) Textile and Clothing Workers' Union (/wiki/Textile_and_Clothing_Workers%27_Union) Textile and Knitting Workers' Union (/wiki/Textile_and_Knitting_Workers%27_Union) Textile Workers Union of America (/wiki/Textile_Workers_Union_of_America) Textile Workers' Industrial Union (/wiki/Textile_Workers%27_Industrial_Union) Textile Workers' Union (Finland) (/wiki/Textile_Workers%27_Union_(Finland)) Textile-Clothing-Diamond Union (/wiki/Textile-Clothing-Diamond_Union) Textile, Clothing and Footwear Union of Australia (/wiki/Textile,_Clothing_and_Footwear_Union_of_Australia) Textile, Clothing, Leather and Laundry Federation (/wiki/Textile,_Clothing,_Leather_and_Laundry_Federation) Textile, Leather and Footwear Workers' Union (/wiki/Textile,_Leather_and_Footwear_Workers%27_Union) Trade Union International of Textile-Garment-Leather (/wiki/Trade_Union_International_of_Textile-Garment-Leather) Trade Union International of Textile, Leather and Fur Workers Unions (/wiki/Trade_Union_International_of_Textile,_Leather_and_Fur_Workers_Unions) U Union of Belgian Textile Workers (/wiki/Union_of_Belgian_Textile_Workers) Union of Needletrades, Industrial & Textile Employees (/wiki/Union_of_Needletrades,_Industrial_%26_Textile_Employees) Union of Textile and Leather Workers (/wiki/Union_of_Textile_and_Leather_Workers) Union of Textile, Clothing and Leather Workers (/wiki/Union_of_Textile,_Clothing_and_Leather_Workers) Union of Textiles, Chemicals and Paper (/wiki/Union_of_Textiles,_Chemicals_and_Paper) UNITE HERE (/wiki/UNITE_HERE) United Hatters, Cap and Millinery Workers International Union (/wiki/United_Hatters,_Cap_and_Millinery_Workers_International_Union) United Textile Workers of America (/wiki/United_Textile_Workers_of_America) W Wool and Basil Workers' Federation of Australia (/wiki/Wool_and_Basil_Workers%27_Federation_of_Australia) Workers United (/wiki/Workers_United) Y Yeadon, Guiseley and District Factory Workers' Union (/wiki/Yeadon,_Guiseley_and_District_Factory_Workers%27_Union) Yorkshire Association of Power Loom Overlookers (/wiki/Yorkshire_Association_of_Power_Loom_Overlookers) 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German shoe manufacturer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Br%C3%BCtting) or discuss these issues on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Br%C3%BCtting) . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( March 2023 ) This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Br%C3%BCtting) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Brütting" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Br%C3%BCtting%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Br%C3%BCtting%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Br%C3%BCtting%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Br%C3%BCtting%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Br%C3%BCtting%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Br%C3%BCtting%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( June 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Brütting & Co. EB-Sport Int. GmbH Industry Shoes Founded 1946 Headquarters Küps (/wiki/K%C3%BCps) , Bavaria (/wiki/Bavaria) Key people Tobias Dormann (Managing Director) Number of employees < 100 Website www.brütting.com (http://www.bruetting.com/) Brütting is a German shoe (/wiki/Shoe) manufacturer, located in Küps (/wiki/K%C3%BCps) , Bavaria (/wiki/Bavaria) . GEKA Sport Limited is a division of Brütting. History [ edit ] This section is in list (/wiki/MOS:LIST) format but may read better as prose (/wiki/MOS:PROSE) . You can help by converting this section (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Br%C3%BCtting&action=edit) , if appropriate. Editing help (/wiki/Help:Editing) is available. ( September 2013 ) 1946 Brütting was founded by shoe modeler Eugen Brütting in 1946, when he opened his first shoe factory in Nuremberg (/wiki/Nuremberg) . 1952 He produced high fashion women shoes under the name Maestro Eugenio and had a number of patents which were used by Rudolf Dassler (/wiki/Rudolf_Dassler) . 1965 He quarreled with Dassler and set up his own sports section. As the demand for high fashion shoes is very seasonal, his company had surplus capacity four times every year. He set up EB-Sport-International as a separate company, which focused on the track and field athletes. At first imported track suits, and other equipment from France ( Trévoir ) to have the full range loke hs [ clarification needed ] competitors. His plan for special shoes for different types of sports gained in popularity. The scheme ranged from shoes for fencers (/wiki/Fencing) , weightlifters, and boxers to wrestlers and runners. 1966 Arnd Krüger (/wiki/Arnd_Kr%C3%BCger) was the first German (indoor) champion in Brütting racing spikes. 1968 In the amateur (/wiki/Amateur) years he convinced athletes to change by providing individually hand-crafted shoes. Women athletes were also given free high fashion women's shoes. Among the most famous wearers were Liesel Westermann (/wiki/Liesel_Westermann) , winner of the silver medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics (/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics) in the discus throw (/wiki/Discus_throw) , and Bernd Kannenberg (/wiki/Bernd_Kannenberg) , winner of the gold medal in 50 km race walking and Peter Mueller, German box champion at that time. 1970 Along with athletics coach Arthur Lydiard (/wiki/Arthur_Lydiard) and various other athletes, ‘Roadrunner’, a running shoe, was developed by Eugen Brütting in 1970. Due to its characteristic lasts (/wiki/Last) , the ‘Roadrunner’, enjoyed an excellent reputation among the runners of that time. The ‘Siesta’, a recreational shoe, which was based on the ‘Roadrunner’, was known for its adjusting to individual feet. 1972 Günter Zahn who was selected as final runner of the Olympic torch relay in Munich 1972 was not permitted to wear his Bruetting shoes, Adidas (/wiki/Adidas) was a major sponsor of the German Olympic Committee. Bruetting recognized the growing market for tennis equipment and launched a new line for tennis trainers. In the meantime, Gerhard Krapp had founded ‘GEKA-Sport Limited’ in 1973, which was a competitor for Brütting Limited. In September 1984, Bernhard Meyer was appointed the second executive director of Brütting. In conjunction with Krapp, they took over Brütting Limited in the mid-80s. Renamed as ‘EB-Sport Schuh-Vertrieb GmbH’, the shoe production was continued. 1984 Brütting worked from 1984 onwards as a modeler and business consultant for the company until his death in 1991. In that year, the company was renamed and has been called since then ‘Brütting & Co.EB-Sport Int. GmbH’. 2002 In 2002, Gerhard Krapp retired and Bernhard Meyer became the owner of ‘Brütting Limited’. 2007 After years of expansion, Brütting introduced ‘EB-Kids’, a new brand which displaced the Brütting’s “Maus”-collection in the children's shoe division. Bernhard Meyer was succeeded by Tobias Dormann as executive director, although he continues to serve as a consultant. Products [ edit ] Their best-selling shoe is the 'Roadrunner' model, followed by 'Astroturfer‘, 'Marathon‘, and 'Multiplex‘, which are still being hand-crafted in Germany. Besides the hand-crafted shoes, Bruetting is producing shoes in the following markets: Running Indoor Fashion Wellness Over-size Kid’s shoes Nordic Walking (/wiki/Nordic_Walking) Trekking/Outdoor Tennis-Classic-Soccer Quotes [ edit ] "From Roadrunner to Nike Air (/wiki/Nike_Air) - Eugen Brütting and the Dassler brothers (/wiki/Adidas) were the pioneers". [1] (#cite_note-1) "For almost a decade, the complete running elite were walking in Brüttings […] From Franz-Josef Kemper (/wiki/Franz-Josef_Kemper) , Manfred Steffny, Werner Gierke, Manfred Lötzerich, Hans-Jürgen Orthmann, Gerhard Weidner (/wiki/Gerhard_Weidner) - and besides them thousands of others, each and every single one of them had a pair of Brütting’s on..." [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Vom Roadrunner zum Nike Air`` [ permanent dead link ] . Story by Runners World about the beginning of Running-Shoes. 9. Septemb 2008. ^ (#cite_ref-2) Carl-Jürgen Diem and Condition: He connected the world between foot and asphalt In: Condition Nr. 3, 1994, S. 48 - 51. External links [ edit ] Official Website (http://www.bruetting.com/) CN Fashion Shoes (https://www.cnfashion.co/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐8c474d4b9‐4bkr7 Cached time: 20240709045752 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.258 seconds Real time usage: 0.355 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1907/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 46446/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 10237/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11743/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.134/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3784896/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 322.769 1 -total 48.29% 155.868 4 Template:Ambox 29.21% 94.274 1 Template:Multiple_issues 28.04% 90.491 1 Template:Infobox_company 24.56% 79.269 1 Template:Infobox 20.49% 66.132 11 Template:Main_other 20.01% 64.584 1 Template:Short_description 16.06% 51.834 1 Template:Update 11.82% 38.142 2 Template:Pagetype 8.70% 28.081 1 Template:Reflist Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:31812537-0!canonical and timestamp 20240709045752 and revision id 1176826595. 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Coat made with the fleece on the inside and the soft leather on the outside This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Afghan_coat) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Afghan coat" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Afghan+coat%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Afghan+coat%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Afghan+coat%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Afghan+coat%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Afghan+coat%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Afghan+coat%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( April 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Meher Baba (/wiki/Meher_Baba) in an Afghan coat, Quetta (/wiki/Quetta) , 1923 An Afghan coat is a sheepskin or goatskin coat made with the fleece on the inside and the soft suede (/wiki/Suede) -like leather on the outside. It is a development of the traditional overcoat of the Afghan (/wiki/Afghanistan) people, which could be anywhere from jacket- to ankle-length, with full or partial sleeves. [1] (#cite_note-conversation-1) Modern Afghan coats originate from Ghazni (/wiki/Ghazni_Province) province, situated between Kabul (/wiki/Kabul) and Kandahar (/wiki/Kandahar) . [1] (#cite_note-conversation-1) The coats are made from sheepskins that have been cured and tanned, and were often colourful and finely embroidered with silk (/wiki/Silk) thread. [ citation needed ] They are ideal for the climate in Afghanistan, which is cold and severe in the winter. The Afghan coats were first imported to the United Kingdom (/wiki/United_Kingdom) in 1966 by Craig Sams (/wiki/Craig_Sams) , who sold them through hippie boutiques including Granny Takes a Trip (/wiki/Granny_Takes_a_Trip) on London's King's Road (/wiki/King%27s_Road) . The Beatles (/wiki/The_Beatles) visited the shop and emerged wearing the coats. Photographs of them in Afghan coats appeared in print media. [1] (#cite_note-conversation-1) They also wore them, inside out, for the cover picture of the Magical Mystery Tour (/wiki/Magical_Mystery_Tour_(album)) LP. Demand took off and the artisanal makers of Ghazni could not keep up. Crude imitations flooded the market. In 2009–10, John Lennon's (/wiki/John_Lennon) coat was on display in an exhibition of the Julian Lennon Collection. [2] (#cite_note-2) Imitations of the original design continued to be very popular in the 1970s and 1980s particularly associated with the hippie (/wiki/Hippie) subculture. Gallery [ edit ] See also [ edit ] Afghan clothing (/wiki/Afghan_clothing) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Tim Bonyhady (29 July 2021). "Friday essay: how 'Afghan' coats left Kabul for the fashion world and became a hippie must-have" (https://theconversation.com/friday-essay-how-afghan-coats-left-kabul-for-the-fashion-world-and-became-a-hippie-must-have-165007) . The Conversation (/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)) . Retrieved 4 May 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Ian Jackson (7 June 2009). "Beatles Story Pier Head – White Feather: The Spirit of Lennon" (http://www.artinliverpool.com/?p=17252) . Artinliverpool.com . Retrieved 4 May 2022 . External links [ edit ] Media related to Afghan Coat (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Afghan_Coat) at Wikimedia Commons This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Area of bare skin in the gap between overknee socks and a miniskirt or shorts An example of zettai ryōiki on a model at the 2012 Bologna Motor Show (/wiki/Bologna_Motor_Show) Zettai ryōiki ( Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_language) : 絶対領域 , lit. (/wiki/Literal_translation) ' absolute territory ' ) refers to the area of bare skin in the gap between overknee socks and a skirt (/wiki/Skirt) [1] (#cite_note-1) or shorts (/wiki/Shorts) . [2] (#cite_note-daijisen-2) It can also be used to describe the clothing combination. The term first became widespread in otaku (/wiki/Otaku) slang as one of the attributes of moe (/wiki/Moe_(slang)) characters in anime (/wiki/Anime) and manga (/wiki/Manga) , but it is now used by the general public in Japan (/wiki/Japan) . Classification and ideal proportions [ edit ] Diagram showing the golden ratio for zettai ryōiki The ideal zettai ryōiki ratio for the length of the miniskirt, the exposed portion of thigh, and the over-knee part of the socks is 4:1:2.5, with a tolerance of 25%. [3] (#cite_note-ogiogassaigaddam-abillion-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-mainichi20070202-5) The ratio has also been referred to as a golden ratio (/wiki/Golden_ratio) ( 黄金比 , ōgonhi ) among fans. [6] (#cite_note-6) Zettai ryōiki fans have also assigned letter grades for the ratio variants, from grade E (too much leg is seen, the skirt is also too long) to grade A (short skirt, high socks, short exposed area). [3] (#cite_note-ogiogassaigaddam-abillion-3) Some fans have conceived of a grade S character which adds the criteria of a twintails (/wiki/Twintails) hairstyle and a tsundere (/wiki/Tsundere) (cold on the outside, warm on the inside) personality. [7] (#cite_note-7) Origins [ edit ] The term originates from the 1995 anime series Neon Genesis Evangelion (/wiki/Neon_Genesis_Evangelion) , where it was used with a different meaning. In an insert leaflet that came with VHS cassettes, the expression "Zettai Kyōfu Ryōiki" ( 絶対恐怖領域 , lit. 'Absolute Terror Field') ( Ryōiki both translates to 'field' and 'territory') was used as a translation of the English-language term (/wiki/Wasei-eigo) "A.T. Field" ( A.T.フィールド ) from the anime into Japanese. An A.T. Field was a type of a protective energy shield, dubbed a "holy area no one can intrude upon" ( 何人にも侵されざる聖なる領域 ) and made a being using it impervious to attacks. Also, the term could refer to "impenetrability of souls" ( 心の壁 ) . [8] (#cite_note-8) The Neon Genesis Evangelion manga also gave a shortened version of the term, Zettai Ryōiki , in furigana (/wiki/Furigana) next to the words "A.T. Field". The idea of a "holy area no one can intrude upon" was where the current meaning of the term originated. [9] (#cite_note-9) The expression first spread in the otaku community and then became widely used outside of the subculture. For example, it is now included in the general-purpose dictionary Daijisen (/wiki/Daijisen) . [2] (#cite_note-daijisen-2) Popularity [ edit ] Cosplay (/wiki/Cosplay) of Hatsune Miku (/wiki/Hatsune_Miku) Zettai ryōiki was originally only applicable to a combination of miniskirt and overknee socks, but with its popularization it started being used toward outfits which featured other kinds of hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) and bottom clothing, including, for example, thigh highs (/wiki/Thigh_highs) , knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) , stockings (/wiki/Stocking) , garters (/wiki/Garter_(stockings)) , hotpants (/wiki/Hotpants) , and swimsuits (/wiki/Swimsuits) . [10] (#cite_note-10) The clothing combination is very popular in Japan (/wiki/Japan) . [5] (#cite_note-mainichi20070202-5) As with loose socks (/wiki/Loose_socks) , a special "socks glue" can be used to glue the socks to the legs for a perfect look. Japanese advertising agency WIT launched a campaign in 2013 which paid women to wear temporary tattoos on their upper thighs promoting various products and media. They were encouraged to wear skirts and long socks to highlight the area. [11] (#cite_note-11) On February 8, 2014, a specialty shop named Zettai Ryōiki dedicated to overknee socks and tights opened in Akihabara (/wiki/Akihabara) , Tokyo. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Trademark application [ edit ] On February 13, 2006, the Japanese company Banpresto (/wiki/Banpresto) , which produced video games based on Neon Genesis Evangelion , filed two applications for registration of the term Zettai Ryōiki as a trade mark. [14] (#cite_note-14) Both applications were rejected on June 26 of the same year, on the basis of unpaid registration fees. [ citation needed ] See also [ edit ] Burusera (/wiki/Burusera) Kogal (/wiki/Kogal) Loose socks (/wiki/Loose_socks) Panchira (/wiki/Panchira) Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) 青山裕企 (March 16, 2014). 絶対領域, Editorial description . ASIN (/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number) 4758012121 (https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4758012121) . ^ a b "絶対領域とは - コトバンク" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210824005636/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%B5%B6%E5%AF%BE%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F-548322) [Zettai ryōiki to wa - kotobanku]. Kotobank.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original (https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%B5%B6%E5%AF%BE%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F-548322) on August 24, 2021 . Retrieved December 10, 2021 . ^ a b Ogi Ogas and Sai Gaddam (オギ・オーガス,サイ・ガダム) (February 10, 2012). A Billion Wicked Thoughts: What the World's Largest Experiment Reveals About Human Desire (性欲の科学: なぜ男は「素人」に興奮し、女は「男同士」に萌えるのか) . p. 32 . Retrieved March 16, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) ネット語研究委員会, ed. (2009). 頻出ネット語手帳 . Tokyo: Shin'yūsha (/w/index.php?title=Shin%27y%C5%ABsha&action=edit&redlink=1) . p. 47. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-4-88380-916-5 . ^ a b ぴなメイドな生活：第26回絶対領域とニーソ (in Japanese). Mainichi Shimbun (/wiki/Mainichi_Shimbun) . February 2, 2007. Archived from the original (http://mainichi.jp/enta/mantan/column/pina/archive/news/2007/20070202org00m200036000c.html) on February 8, 2007 . Retrieved March 16, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Zettai Ryōki" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171024170617/http://www.valley.ne.jp/~sin/key/key9.htm) 「絶対領域」 . www.valley.ne.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original (http://www.valley.ne.jp/~sin/key/key9.htm) on October 24, 2017 . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ４：１：２．５がベストとされ、許容範囲は±25％程度である。以上の如く困難な諸条件を完璧なまでに極めた時、はじめてそこに「絶対領域」が生まれる。 ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Zettai Ryouiki: Achieving the Perfect Zone" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071011021220/http://animedesho.animeblogger.net:80/?p=2585) . Anime Desho Desho? . September 25, 2007. Archived from the original (http://animedesho.animeblogger.net:80/?p=2585) on October 11, 2007 . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . Zettai Ryouiki, has 5 levels ranging from Grade A to E.[...] where the sock is reduced to 5cm, otherwise known as the ankle sock (Grade F). [...] The ultimate level Twintails hairstyle and the ultimate level Tsundere attitude. Combine this 2 together with Grade A and you will obtain GRADE S. ^ (#cite_ref-8) Neon Genesis Evangelion , Episode 24 ^ (#cite_ref-9) 金田一「乙」彦 (2009). オタク用語事典2 . Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) : Bijutsu Shuppansha (/w/index.php?title=Bijutsu_Shuppansha&action=edit&redlink=1) . p. 79. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-4-568-22133-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Zettai Ryouiki 絶対領域" (https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2018/08/zettai-ryouiki-meaning.html) . Japanese with Anime . August 30, 2018 . Retrieved September 2, 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Tokyo young women's thighs used as advertising space - video" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2013/jul/21/tokyo-womens-thighs-advertising-video) . the Guardian . July 21, 2013 . Retrieved March 16, 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "ニーハイ専門店「絶対領域」が2月8日（ニーハイの日）に秋葉原でオープン" (http://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/nl/articles/1401/27/news077.html) . IT Media. January 27, 2014 . Retrieved March 16, 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Absolutely nothing but knee-highs at Akihabara's new sock emporium" (http://en.rocketnews24.com/2014/01/28/absolutely-nothing-but-knee-highs-at-akihabaras-new-sock-emporium/) . RocketNews24. January 28, 2014. ^ (#cite_ref-14) Applications number 商願2005-073265 and 商願2005-074486 External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zettai ryōiki (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zettai_ry%C5%8Diki) . v t e Japanese clothing (/wiki/Japanese_clothing) List of items traditionally worn in Japan (/wiki/List_of_items_traditionally_worn_in_Japan) Traditional Chihaya (/wiki/Chihaya_(clothing)) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) Furisode (/wiki/Furisode) Hanten (/wiki/Hanten) Hakama (/wiki/Hakama) Haori (/wiki/Haori) Happi (/wiki/Happi) Jinbei (/wiki/Jinbei) Jōe (/wiki/J%C5%8De) Jūnihitoe (/wiki/J%C5%ABnihitoe) Keikogi (/wiki/Keikogi) Kosode (/wiki/Kosode) Kimono (/wiki/Kimono) Kyahan (/wiki/Kyahan) Mawashi (/wiki/Mawashi) Mino (/wiki/Mino_(straw_cape)) Nemaki (/wiki/Nemaki) Samue (/wiki/Samue) Shitagi (/wiki/Shitagi) Sokutai (/wiki/Sokutai) Uwagi (/wiki/Uwagi) Yukata (/wiki/Yukata) Headgear Benkan (/wiki/Benkan) Hachimaki (/wiki/Hachimaki) Kanmuri (/wiki/Kanmuri_(headwear)) Kanzashi (/wiki/Kanzashi) Kasa (/wiki/Kasa_(hat)) Raikan (/wiki/Raikan) Shaguma (/wiki/Shaguma) Tenugui (/wiki/Tenugui) Tokin (/wiki/Tokin_(headwear)) Tsunokakushi (/wiki/Tsunokakushi) Belt / sash Obi (/wiki/Obi_(sash)) Uwa-obi (/wiki/Uwa-obi) Tasuki (/wiki/Tasuki_(sash)) Footwear Geta (/wiki/Geta_(footwear)) Jika-tabi (/wiki/Jika-tabi) Okobo (/wiki/Okobo) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) Uwabaki (/wiki/Uwabaki) Waraji (/wiki/Waraji) Zōri (/wiki/Z%C5%8Dri) v t e Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) Lower leg Bobby socks (/wiki/Bobby_sock) Bootee (/wiki/Bootee) Knee highs (/wiki/Knee_highs) Leg warmer (/wiki/Leg_warmer) Loose socks (/wiki/Loose_socks) Socks (/wiki/Sock) Tabi (/wiki/Tabi) Toe socks (/wiki/Toe_socks) Crew sock (/wiki/Crew_sock) Dress socks (/wiki/Dress_socks) Anklet (/wiki/Anklet_(sock)) Low cut (/wiki/Low_cut_sock) Full leg Leggings (/wiki/Leggings) Legskin (/wiki/Legskin) Fully fashioned stockings (/wiki/Fully_fashioned_stockings) Hold-ups (/wiki/Hold-ups) Garter (/wiki/Garter) Pantyhose (/wiki/Pantyhose) RHT stockings (/wiki/RHT_stockings) Stocking (/wiki/Stocking) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) Full body Bodystocking (/wiki/Bodystocking) Historical Boothose (/wiki/Boothose) Hose (/wiki/Hose_(clothing)) Brands Aristoc (/wiki/Aristoc) Bonds (/wiki/Bonds_(clothing)) Calzedonia (/wiki/Calzedonia) Edoo (/wiki/Hanesbrands) Frederick's of Hollywood (/wiki/Frederick%27s_of_Hollywood) Gerbe (/wiki/Gerbe_(lingerie)) Gunze (/wiki/Gunze) Hanes (/wiki/Hanes) HUE (/wiki/Kayser-Roth) Coopers (/wiki/Jockey_International) L'eggs (/wiki/L%27eggs) Levante (/wiki/Levante_(hosiery)) Lululemon Athletica (/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica) No Nonsense (/wiki/Kayser-Roth) Pretty Polly (/wiki/Pretty_Polly_(hosiery)) Spanx (/wiki/Spanx) Victoria's Secret (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret) Wigwam (/wiki/Wigwam_Mills) Wolford (/wiki/Wolford) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐tvn79 Cached time: 20240720164829 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.536 seconds Real time usage: 0.678 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1882/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 68342/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2066/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 64572/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.354/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 13955645/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 596.162 1 -total 26.65% 158.859 1 Template:Reflist 21.72% 129.493 6 Template:Nihongo 21.34% 127.207 2 Template:Navbox 20.85% 124.275 1 Template:Japanese_clothing 16.23% 96.775 4 Template:Cite_book 11.47% 68.399 1 Template:Short_description 6.95% 41.425 1 Template:Commons_Category 6.57% 39.188 2 Template:Pagetype 6.49% 38.693 41 Template:Transliteration Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42219862-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720164829 and revision id 1234500628. 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Breil Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Industry Watch (/wiki/Watch) manufacturing and jewelry (/wiki/Jewelry) Founded 1939 Founder Innocente Binda (/w/index.php?title=Innocente_Binda&action=edit&redlink=1) Headquarters Milan (/wiki/Milan) , Italy (/wiki/Italy) Area served Worldwide Products Wristwatches (/wiki/Wristwatch) , jewels (/wiki/Jewels) , eyewear, fragrances, leather accessories Services Timing systems Revenue €120 million [1] (#cite_note-1) Website Breil.com (http://www.breil.com) Breil is an Italian luxury company of Binda Group (/wiki/Binda_Group) . Its products include watches (/wiki/Watches) , jewels (/wiki/Jewels) , eyewear (/wiki/Eyewear) , fragrances (/wiki/Fragrances) , and leather (/wiki/Leather) accessories. History [ edit ] The Breil Milano logo apply on a special edition of Renault Modus (/wiki/Renault_Modus) This brand started in Milan (/wiki/Milan) in 1939, [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) named after a Swiss municipality (/wiki/Breil/Brigels) . In 1942, the first Breil wristwatch was introduced. Initially, the company made a line of alarm clocks and a few years later, wristwatches too. In 1956, the producer Innocente Binda (/w/index.php?title=Innocente_Binda&action=edit&redlink=1) made an unusual promotional action: he dropped some watches from his production from the Eiffel Tower (/wiki/Eiffel_Tower) in Paris to show that after a flight of 302 meters, his watches proved to have been fully functional. Operations [ edit ] In commercials of the early 1990s, the company created a line of wristwatch models, typically used by men, that were marketed to women; Monica Bellucci (/wiki/Monica_Bellucci) , Shana (singer) (/wiki/Shana_(singer)) , Carré Otis (/wiki/Carr%C3%A9_Otis) , Charlize Theron (/wiki/Charlize_Theron) , Jessica Alba (/wiki/Jessica_Alba) , Laura Chiatti (/wiki/Laura_Chiatti) were the chosen models for this campaign. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2001, Breil launched steel jewelry. In 2009, the company made the Bloom collection, the first range of jewels that can be worn together. In 2012, Breil launched the Infinity collection. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) Products [ edit ] Lines of watches are several and with various names in related countries; among these lines or collections, some famous are: Beaubourg in 1979, Breil Tribe in 1996, [13] (#cite_note-13) Breil Milano in 2001, [14] (#cite_note-14) Breil Manta in 2010, Infinity in 2012, Gent in 2014. Jewels made are rings, bracelets, necklaces, earrings, and accessories. In 2006, started production of fragrances. In 2007, started production of frames for eyeglasses. See also [ edit ] Binda Group (/wiki/Binda_Group) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "ipsiameroni.it" (http://www.ipsiameroni.it/files/Materiali_didattici/lezioni_marketing/caso_aziendale_breil.pdf) (PDF) . www.ipsiameroni.it . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Breil Watches \| The Jewel Hut" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160816170239/https://www.thejewelhut.co.uk/breil-watches) . www.thejewelhut.co.uk . Archived from the original (https://www.thejewelhut.co.uk/breil-watches) on 2016-08-16 . Retrieved 2016-07-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "再深点灬舒服灬太大了学长,再深点灬舒服灬太大了学长小说,再深点灬舒服灬太大了在线视频" (http://www.famouswatchbrands.com/other/breil/) . www.famouswatchbrands.com . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Breil Goes International - Tags: Clocks & watches – Exhibitions Fashion shows" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080009/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/23630041/breil-goes-international) . April 7, 2014. Archived from the original (http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/23630041/breil-goes-international) on 2014-04-07. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Second Breil outlet set for Sydney – Australasian Business Intelligence" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140611113004/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-142318755.html) . June 11, 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-142318755.html) on 2014-06-11. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Masters in time" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110310024406/http://www.mastersintime.com/us/en/481/breil-history.html) . Archived from the original (http://www.mastersintime.com/us/en/481/breil-history.html) on 2011-03-10 . Retrieved 2014-04-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Vaporidis e Chiatti, The Cut" (http://cinema.ilsole24ore.com/film-brevi/2012-06-14/vaporidis-chiatti-00022335.php) . Cinema - Il Sole 24 ORE . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "official website" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131221033650/http://www.breil.com/it/en_US/about-breil) . Archived from the original (http://www.breil.com/it/en_US/about-breil) on December 21, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-9) agency news (http://adage.com/article/agency-news/binda-group-puts-50-million-breil-watch-biz-review/114992/) ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Breil Essence" (https://www.corriere.it/cultura/speciali/2011/orologi/notizie/veroni-breil-essence_b2c2d4f4-1438-11e1-ab68-9c5b3cac959b.shtml) . www.corriere.it . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "L'alta qualità alla portata di tutti" (http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/impresa-e-territori/2013-11-29/l-alta-qualita-portata-tutti-194942.shtml?uuid=ABOTlkg) . Il Sole 24 ORE . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Il cuore di Breil è sempre d'acciaio" (https://www.repubblica.it/economia/affari-e-finanza/2013/06/03/news/il_cuore_di_breil_sempre_dacciaio-60228990/) . la Repubblica . June 3, 2013. ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Nuova campagna stampa per Breil Tribe - Pambianconews notizie e aggiornamenti moda, lusso e made in Italy" (https://www.pambianconews.com/2007/09/11/nuova-campagna-stampa-per-breil-tribe-22622/) . September 11, 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Breil Milano" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100211131955/http://www.milanoexplorer.it/milano_citta/breil_milano_il_marchio_i_prodotti_e_i_negozi_a_milano.html) . February 11, 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.milanoexplorer.it/milano_citta/breil_milano_il_marchio_i_prodotti_e_i_negozi_a_milano.html) on 2010-02-11. External links [ edit ] Breil Official (https://www.breil.com/) WikiMiniAtlas 45°28′35″N 9°10′12″E / 45.4765165°N 9.1699483°E / 45.4765165; 9.1699483 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐rpn48 Cached time: 20240715035007 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.270 seconds Real time usage: 0.383 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1498/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28248/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 657/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 49430/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.170/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5046889/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 349.206 1 -total 48.44% 169.142 1 Template:Infobox_company 44.73% 156.206 1 Template:Reflist 44.11% 154.021 1 Template:Infobox 39.34% 137.374 13 Template:Cite_web 5.29% 18.458 1 Template:Coord 3.15% 11.003 1 Template:Comma_separated_entries 0.66% 2.318 4 Template:Main_other 0.56% 1.958 1 Template:Template_other 0.42% 1.480 1 Template:Longitem Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:40400347-0!canonical and timestamp 20240715035007 and revision id 1186703210. 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American makeup artist (1947–2024) Reggie Wells Born ( 1947-12-02 ) December 2, 1947 Died January 8, 2024 (2024-01-08) (aged 76) Occupation Makeup artist Reggie Wells (December 2, 1947 – January 8, 2024) was an American makeup artist. [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) He was the personal makeup artist of Oprah Winfrey (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey) for nearly 30 years. He was nominated for five Daytime Emmys (/wiki/Daytime_Emmys) for his work on The Oprah Winfrey Show (/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show) , and won an Emmy in 1995. [2] (#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter-2) He was the author of the book Face Painting: African American Beauty Techniques From an Emmy Award-Winning Makeup Artist . [2] (#cite_note-Hollywood_Reporter-2) Early life and education [ edit ] Wells grew up in West Baltimore (/wiki/West_Baltimore) as one of seven children. His father was a bus driver and his mother was a nurse. [1] (#cite_note-NYT-1) He graduated from the Maryland Institute College of Art (/wiki/Maryland_Institute_College_of_Art) . [3] (#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun_98b-3) He was interested in makeup from an early age. He transformed a female cousin from a 10th grade "ugly duckling" into a 12th grade prom queen. He was inspired by the work of makeup artist Way Bandy (/wiki/Way_Bandy) . [4] (#cite_note-Atlanta-4) Career [ edit ] In 1978, Wells moved to New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , where he worked at cosmetics counters in department stores. His first celebrity client was Leontyne Price (/wiki/Leontyne_Price) for the cover of her album Leontyne Price Sings Verdi (/wiki/Leontyne_Price#Discography) , [5] (#cite_note-Scripps-5) also in 1978. [4] (#cite_note-Atlanta-4) He then got magazine work, such as the covers of Galmour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) , Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) , and Life (/wiki/Life_(magazine)) . He became a specialist in makeup for black women and men, including formulating his own colors. The reason for the custom formulations was there was little in the way of makeup designed for black people at the time. In 1989, he was hired to do the makeup for the Oprah Winfrey show. [3] (#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun_98b-3) He was also the first person to put makeup on boxer Mike Tyson (/wiki/Mike_Tyson) for a Pepsi (/wiki/Pepsi) commercial. [5] (#cite_note-Scripps-5) Notable clients [ edit ] Wells notable clients included: [6] (#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun_98-6) [3] (#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun_98b-3) [5] (#cite_note-Scripps-5) Oprah Winfrey (/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey) Aretha Franklin (/wiki/Aretha_Franklin) Iman (/wiki/Iman_(model)) Leontyne Price (/wiki/Leontyne_Price) Whitney Houston (/wiki/Whitney_Houston) Patti LaBelle (/wiki/Patti_LaBelle) Lauryn Hill (/wiki/Lauryn_Hill) Sean Combs (/wiki/Sean_Combs) Brandy (/wiki/Brandy_Norwood) Leontyne Price (/wiki/Leontyne_Price) Phylicia Rashad (/wiki/Phylicia_Rashad) Anita Baker (/wiki/Anita_Baker) Eddie Murphy (/wiki/Eddie_Murphy) Janet Jackson (/wiki/Janet_Jackson) Brooke Shields (/wiki/Brooke_Shields) Robin Givens (/wiki/Robin_Givens) Mike Tyson (/wiki/Mike_Tyson) Death [ edit ] Wells died in his hometown of Baltimore on January 8, 2024, after a long illness, at the age of 76. [7] (#cite_note-Baltimore_Banner_Obit-7) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b Tumin, Remy (2024-01-12). "Reggie Wells, 76, Dies; Makeup Artist for Oprah Winfrey and Other Black Stars" (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/12/style/reggie-wells-dead.html) . The New York Times . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 2024-01-16 . ^ Jump up to: a b Barnes, Mike (2024-01-11). "Reggie Wells, Oprah Winfrey's Longtime Makeup Artist, Dies at 76" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/reggie-wells-dead-oprah-winfrey-makeup-artist-1235785677/) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved 2024-01-16 . ^ Jump up to: a b c Corey, Mary (October 11, 1998). "Reggie Wells, Face to Face" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/173436504/) . The Baltimore Sun . p. 176. ^ Jump up to: a b Gammon, Mitzi (January 1, 1989). "Artistry of Color: Celebrity Makeup Man Knows Black is Beautiful" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/400083997/) . The Atlanta Constitution. p. 166. ^ Jump up to: a b c Meyer, Michelle (January 1, 1989). "Makeup artist gives tips to blacks" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/360979940/) . p. 36. ^ (#cite_ref-Baltimore_Sun_98_6-0) Corey, Mary (October 11, 1998). " (https://www.newspapers.com/image/173435800/) "Reggie Wells, Face to Face" (https://www.newspapers.com/image/173435800/) " (https://www.newspapers.com/image/173435800/) . The Baltimore Sun . p. 167. ^ (#cite_ref-Baltimore_Banner_Obit_7-0) Williams, John-John, IV (9 January 2024). "Reggie Wells, who was Oprah's makeup artist for 30 years, has died" (https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/culture/arts/reggie-wells-oprah-winfrey-G62MRFESRJCONLAXN3GFJGQ6BE/) . The Baltimore Banner . 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UK fashion brand JOSEPH Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 1966 in London, UK Area served Worldwide Key people Barbara Campos (CEO) Anna Lundbäck Dyhr and Frederik Dyhr (Co-Creative Directors) Products Clothing, Accessories Website www (http://www.joseph-fashion.com) .joseph-fashion (http://www.joseph-fashion.com) .com (http://www.joseph-fashion.com) Joseph is a luxury [1] (#cite_note-1) fashion brand (/wiki/Fashion_brand) and retail chain that was established in London (/wiki/London) by Moroccan (/wiki/Moroccan_people) entrepreneur Joseph Ettedgui (/wiki/Joseph_Ettedgui) and his family in 1972. [2] (#cite_note-fashionreview-2) History of the brand [ edit ] The Joseph brand grew from a small shop attached to a hairdressing salon in King's Road (/wiki/King%27s_Road) , Chelsea (/wiki/Chelsea,_London) , owned by Casablanca (/wiki/Casablanca) -born Joseph Ettedgui and his brothers Maurice and Franklin, to more than 20 London stores, with eight additional outlets in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) and Paris (/wiki/Paris) plus stores in Leeds (/wiki/Leeds) and Manchester (/wiki/Manchester) . [3] (#cite_note-telegraph-3) Joseph Ettedgui's love of fashion meant the brothers began displaying designer clothes in their hair salon in the 1960s, including the work of pioneering Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_people) designer Kenzo Takada (/wiki/Kenzo_Takada) . [4] (#cite_note-independent-4) The success of this early collaboration led to a move into fashion retailing, with the first store opening below the Chelsea hair salon in the early 1970s and the first large-scale retail outlet opening on Sloane Street (/wiki/Sloane_Street) in 1979. [2] (#cite_note-fashionreview-2) [5] (#cite_note-5) Designer collaborations [ edit ] Joseph stores championed the work of many up-and-coming designers, including Margaret Howell (/wiki/Margaret_Howell) , Katharine Hamnett (/wiki/Katharine_Hamnett) , John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) and Azzedine Alaïa (/wiki/Azzedine_Ala%C3%AFa) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-guardian-7) Own brand clothing began with distinctive knitwear (Joseph Tricot) and went on to include women's clothing, perfume, homewares (Joseph Pour La Maison), and Joe's restaurants. [3] (#cite_note-telegraph-3) [8] (#cite_note-8) Joseph has been the recipient of a number of British Fashion Awards (/wiki/British_Fashion_Awards) , including Knitwear Designer of the Year four times between 1990 and 1994 and a British Fashion Award in 2000 presented by Cherie Blair (/wiki/Cherie_Blair) . [4] (#cite_note-independent-4) The stores were as distinctive and influential to the UK retail scene as the clothes in them. Joseph was among the first to combine a restaurant and shop in one space. The Sloane Street store has a Joe's Restaurant on site and the Brompton Cross store has a Joe's Restaurant across the road. The Sloane Street, Knightsbridge (/wiki/Knightsbridge) flagship store was opened in 1979, and was designed by acclaimed architect Norman Foster (/wiki/Norman_Foster) . Joseph also collaborated with other architects and designers – including Eva Jiricná (/wiki/Eva_Jiricn%C3%A1) , Andrée Putman (/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e_Putman) and Raëd Abillama Architects (/wiki/Ra%C3%ABd_Abillama_Architects) – on its retail and restaurant projects. [7] (#cite_note-guardian-7) Further development of the brand [ edit ] In 1999 the Ettedgui brothers sold a majority share of the business to Belgian financier Albert Frère (/wiki/Albert_Fr%C3%A8re) , and a minority interest to LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) . [9] (#cite_note-9) In 2000, Frère took over the shares of Besoussan, who had briefly assumed the role of CEO at Joseph, and thus held 72% of the company. In the meantime, the Joseph boutiques ran alongside their own line, among other things. Designers like Alexander McQueen (/wiki/Alexander_McQueen) , Balenciaga (/wiki/Balenciaga) , Azzedine Alaïa (/wiki/Azzedine_Ala%C3%AFa) , John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) or Diane von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Diane_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) . [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2004 there were 63 Joseph boutiques worldwide. In May 2005 the company was sold to the Japanese (/wiki/Japan) fashion group Onward Kashiyama, [11] (#cite_note-11) long-time license partner of Joseph in Asia, for approximately 140 million pounds. Ettedgui and his brother Franklin received an additional £20 million in the deal for the sale of their remaining shares. The two left the company at the end of 2005. In 2008 sales were almost EUR 82 million. [12] (#cite_note-12) Between 2009 and 2012 Joseph renovated a number of its stores both in the UK - including Brook Street, Old Bond Street, Sloane Street and Westbourne Grove - and in France, including St Germain and Avenue Montaigne. In 2010 there were 34 boutiques worldwide. In 2011 the company opened its first store in Moscow, and in 2012 opened a store in Los Angeles. In 2013 the company opened stores in Beirut and New York City. In February 2016, Joseph opened its first stand-alone menswear store at No.2 Savile Row in London. [13] (#cite_note-Founding_Spirit_Morris-13) Fashion shows [ edit ] In 2013 Joseph announced that it would be appearing at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) in February 2014, with five of its designers creating product for the catwalk show. [14] (#cite_note-14) It also appeared at London Fashion Week in autumn 2014. [15] (#cite_note-15) The autumn/winter 2015 Menswear Collection received press coverage from fashion trade paper WWD (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . [16] (#cite_note-16) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Mode, Pages. "Joseph - 24 boutiques de mode en France" (https://www.pagesmode.com/joseph) . Pages Mode . ^ a b "Joseph Fashion Label - Designer London Fashion \| London Fashion Review - British Fashion Designers, Labels and Brands" (http://www.fashionreview.co.uk/joseph-fashion/) . Fashionreview.co.uk . Retrieved 2013-02-24 . ^ a b "Joseph Ettedgui" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/7483180/Joseph-Ettedgui.html) . London: Telegraph. 2010-03-19 . Retrieved 2013-02-24 . ^ a b "Joseph Ettedgui: Fashion designer and entrepreneur who made his name selling clean-cut styles at affordable prices - Obituaries - News" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/joseph-ettedgui-fashion-designer-and-entrepreneur-who-made-his-name-selling-cleancut-styles-at-affordable-prices-1925444.html) . The Independent . London. 2010-03-23. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220614/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/joseph-ettedgui-fashion-designer-and-entrepreneur-who-made-his-name-selling-cleancut-styles-at-affordable-prices-1925444.html) from the original on 2022-06-14 . Retrieved 2013-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Kiran Randhawa (2010-03-19). "Fashion designer Joseph Ettedgui, paragon of good taste, dies at 71 - News - London Evening Standard" (https://www.standard.co.uk/news/fashion-designer-joseph-ettedgui-paragon-of-good-taste-dies-at-71-6721527.html) . Standard.co.uk . Retrieved 2013-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) —Tim Blanks (2010-03-19). "Joseph Ettedgui, R.I.P.: style file: daily fashion, party, and model news" (http://www.style.com/stylefile/2010/03/joseph-ettedgui-rip/) . Style.com . Retrieved 2013-02-24 . ^ a b Valerie Wade (2010-03-23). "Joseph Ettedgui obituary \| Fashion" (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/mar/23/joseph-ettedgui-obituary) . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 2013-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Jumper \| Ettedgui, Joseph \| V&A Search the Collections" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1135164/jumper-ettedgui-joseph/) . Collections.vam.ac.uk. 2013-02-05 . Retrieved 2013-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Joseph Ettedgui - Fashion Designer Encyclopedia - clothing, women, suits, men, style, new, body, collection, dresses, designs, world" (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Es-Fo/Ettedgui-Joseph.html) . Fashionencyclopedia.com . Retrieved 2013-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Joseph's gurus seek successor" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/4462699/Josephs-gurus-seek-successor.html) . www.telegraph.co.uk . Retrieved 2021-11-19 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Finance (2005-05-17). "Japanese eye for fashion nets Joseph founder £20m" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2915798/Japanese-eye-for-fashion-nets-Joseph-founder-20m.html) . London: Telegraph . Retrieved 2013-02-24 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Sara Ferrero ist neuer CEO bei Joseph" (http://www.textilwirtschaft.de/news/schlagzeilen/pages/Sara-Ferrero--ist-neuer-CEO-bei-Joseph_49516.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-Founding_Spirit_Morris_13-0) Morris, Ali. "Founding spirit: Joseph opens a new menswear flagship on Savile Row" (http://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/joseph-channels-the-spirit-of-its-founder-in-its-first-menswear-flagship-on-savile-row) . wallpaper.com . Wallpaper . Retrieved 24 March 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Joseph to debut at London Fashion Week - Telegraph" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/article/TMG10446279/Joseph-to-debut-at-London-Fashion-Week.html) . Fashion.telegraph.co.uk. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "London Fashion Week: Joseph" (http://www.redonline.co.uk/fashion/fashion_news/lfw-joseph) . Redonline.co.uk. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Joseph Men's RTW Fall 2015" (http://www.wwd.com/runway/mens-fall-collections-2015/review/joseph) . wwd.com. External links [ edit ] Joseph UK (http://www.joseph.co.uk) List of published reference material about Joseph Ettedgui and Joseph brand from Fashion Encyclopedia (http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/Es-Fo/Ettedgui-Joseph.html) Timeline of the brand from Fashion Review (http://www.fashionreview.co.uk/joseph-fashion/) Example of 1980s Joseph Tricot sweater in V&A fashion archive collection (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1135164/jumper-ettedgui-joseph/) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/159812526) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐4f4kx Cached time: 20240623100953 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.378 seconds Real time usage: 0.523 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1839/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 34575/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1312/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 65348/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.256/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6352699/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 493.407 1 -total 33.44% 164.990 1 Template:Infobox_company 32.78% 161.751 1 Template:Reflist 26.40% 130.240 1 Template:Infobox 22.27% 109.861 9 Template:Cite_web 18.00% 88.827 1 Template:Authority_control 14.05% 69.299 1 Template:Short_description 7.69% 37.961 2 Template:Pagetype 6.77% 33.384 7 Template:Main_other 6.09% 30.037 7 Template:Cite_news Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:38067551-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623100953 and revision id 1192076317. 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Stephanie, Cindy, Christy, Tatjana, Naomi, Hollywood is a black and white photograph taken in 1989 by photographer and director Herb Ritts (/wiki/Herb_Ritts) (American, 1952–2002). The subject of the photograph is a group of five women coyly entwined together in an embrace. [1] (#cite_note-1) Each of the five women – Stephanie Seymour (/wiki/Stephanie_Seymour) , Cindy Crawford (/wiki/Cindy_Crawford) , Christy Turlington (/wiki/Christy_Turlington) , Tatjana Patitz (/wiki/Tatjana_Patitz) and Naomi Campbell (/wiki/Naomi_Campbell) – was a noted muse, friend, and frequent subject of the photographer's fashion and fine art work. [2] (#cite_note-2) The photograph is one of the original images that ushered in the 1990s pop-cultural phenomenon of the supermodel (/wiki/Supermodel) . [3] (#cite_note-3) As with Ritts' other notable works, the photograph functions as a fashion picture, celebrity portrait and fine art. [4] (#cite_note-4) The photography session was originally for a May 1989 pictorial in Rolling Stone (/wiki/Rolling_Stone) magazine "The Hot Issue", and included the byline: "Four sizzling fashion models prove clothes don't always make the woman." [5] (#cite_note-5) In that issue, Turlington was not included due to an exclusivity contract with Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) . As Turlington recalled in the book, Herb Ritts: The Golden Hour : “There’s that one image Herb did for Rolling Stone, which I wasn’t a part of. When I started working for Calvin Klein, I wasn’t allowed to work with anybody else, so I had a couple of years where I lived out in California, but I wasn’t actually allowed to work, except with Bruce Weber. I would go and visit Herb when we were in town, and I went to his house on Hillside, to go hang out for the day, and they were doing this beautiful portrait on the deck of this guest bedroom...They said, "Oh, just for the last picture, just pop in for a second," and that’s an image that I love. Herb made it into postcards...That’s one thing he did early on. He started selling his images without anybody knowing. That image is really another grouping of a supermodel group. Sometimes Stephanie's in it, sometimes she's not. Tatjana is in it, sometimes she's not. And there's one that’s just Stephanie, Cindy, Naomi, me and Tatjana.” [6] (#cite_note-6) As Campbell recalled for Time Magazine (/wiki/Time_Magazine) , "We said, 'How can you not be in this picture?' And she jumped in, and that was it!" [7] (#cite_note-7) Crawford has suggested to the New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) that Ritts invented the "supermodel" when he captured the photograph of the five women together. [8] (#cite_note-8) The group image of all five women came to light in the early 1990s, thereby publicly revealing Stephanie, Cindy, Christy, Tatjana, Naomi, Hollywood for the first time and representing not only the rise of the supermodel but also the rise of Los Angeles as a fashion capital, as noted by Ritts' contemporary, photographer Matthew Rolston. In Rolston's tour through the Getty Museum for the Icons of Style exhibition, he said of Stephanie, Cindy, Christy, Tatjana, Naomi, Hollywood : "The late 1980s saw several other major changes in the literal landscape of fashion. One was a move of venue. Los Angeles, believe it or not, began to take an important place in the hierarchy of fashion capitals. The fashion media focus began to turn away from models and on to celebrities (in many ways thanks to Andy Warhol and his fetishization of fame). Celebrity was on the rise. It wasn’t enough to be a beautiful but unrecognizable model anymore. By the end of the decade, in order to compete with the culture of celebrity, the models had to become celebrities themselves. Thus, the '80s supermodel was born. A particular group of models, the so-called ‘supers,’ seen here in an iconic image by Los Angeles-born photographer Herb Ritts from 1989 entitled Stephanie, Cindy, Christy, Tatjana, Naomi, Hollywood , marks that moment indelibly. And as the ethos of Hollywood and celebrity became primary in the worlds of fashion, beauty and luxury, Los Angeles itself began a slow rise." [9] (#cite_note-9) In a 2007 article in Forbes magazine , it was noted that there had been no auction sales of Stephanie, Cindy, Christy, Tatjana, Naomi, Hollywood in a large-scale format and that the print had been sold out on the private market for years; furthermore, a price of $54,000 was paid for an 18 inch by 20 inch version of the image in 2006. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2019, Christie's Auction House realized a selling price of approximately $230,000 (USD) for a similarly sized print. [11] (#cite_note-11) The photograph has been included in the following exhibitions: [12] (#cite_note-12) Herb Ritts: L.A. Style (April 3, 2012 to May 19, 2013) Museum Date of exhibition The J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center (Los Angeles) April 3 to September 2, 2012 Cincinnati Art Museum (Cincinnati) October 6, 2012 to January 1, 2013 The John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art (Sarasota) February 23 to May 19, 2013 Icons of Style: A Century of Fashion Photography, 1911-2011 (June 26, 2018 to September 22, 2019) Museum Date of exhibition The J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center (Los Angeles) June 26 to October 21, 2018 Museum of Fine Arts, Houston June 23 to September 22, 2019 The famed image is regularly included in retrospectives of Ritts' works in such publications as Harper's Bazaar [13] (#cite_note-13) and Vanity Fair . [14] (#cite_note-14) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Laneri, Raquel (22 March 2012). "Herb Ritts Lands At The Getty" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/news/a8684/herb-ritts-lands-at-the-getty-39734/) . Elle . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Churchward, Charles (2010). Herb Ritts: The Golden Hour (1st ed.). New York, NY: Rizzoli International Publications. pp. 308–311. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8478-3472-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Sun, Feifei. "Herb Ritts Retrospective: Naomi Campbell Remembers the Iconic Photographer" (https://time.com/3787686/herb-ritts/) . TIME . TIME USA, LLC . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Martineau, Paul (2012). Herb Ritts L.A. Style . Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. p. 7. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-60606-100-8 . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Hot Cool". Rolling Stone (552): 109–114. 18 May 1989. ^ (#cite_ref-6) Churchward, Charles (2010). Herb Ritts: The Golden Hour (1st ed.). New York, NY: Rizzoli International Publications. pp. 99–102. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8478-3472-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Sun, Feifei. "Herb Ritts Retrospective: Naomi Campbell Remembers the Iconic Photographer" (https://time.com/3787686/herb-ritts/) . TIME . TIME USA, LLC . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Schillinger, Liesl (27 November 2015). "The Season's Fashion Books From Cindy Crawford, Terry Richardson and More" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/29/fashion/terry-richardson-cindy-crawford-fashion-books.html) . New York Times . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "ICON WORSHIP PHOTOGRAPHER AND ALUM MATTHEW ROLSTON LEADS TOUR THROUGH THE GETTY MUSEUM'S ICONS OF STYLE EXHIBITION" (http://www.artcenter.edu/connect/dot-magazine/articles/icon-worship.html) . Dot Magazine . Art Center . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Racy Ritts" (https://www.forbes.com/2007/03/06/ritts-models-photo-forbeslife-cx_nw_0307powritts.html?sh=3f01a34445c4) . Forbes . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "HERB RITTS (1952-2002) Stephanie, Cindy, Christy, Tatjana, Naomi, Hollywood, 1989" (https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6209278) . Christie's . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Stephanie, Cindy, Christy, Tatjana, Naomi, Hollywood" (https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/253134/herb-ritts-stephanie-cindy-christy-tatjana-naomi-hollywood-american-1989/) . The J. Paul Getty Museum . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Pieri, Kerri (11 March 2015). "Image Swoon: 10 Iconic Photos by Herb Ritts" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/g5386/10-iconic-photos-by-herb-ritts/?slide=2) . Harper's Bazaar . Hearst Media, Inc . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Estes, LENORA JANE. "Herb Ritts, In Retrospect" (https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/photos/2012/05/Herb-Ritts-In-Retrospect) . Vanity Fair . Conde Nast . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . 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Beauty contest A swimsuit competition , more commonly now called a bikini contest , is a beauty contest (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) which is judged and ranked while contestants wear a swimsuit (/wiki/Swimsuit) , typically a bikini (/wiki/Bikini) . One of the judging criteria is the physical attractiveness (/wiki/Physical_attractiveness) of the contestants. The Big Four international beauty pageants (/wiki/Big_Four_international_beauty_pageants) have included examples of such a competition. Bikini contests have sometimes been organized or sponsored by companies for marketing purposes [1] (#cite_note-adage-1) or to find new models for their products, with the contests being presented as a form of adult entertainment (/wiki/Adult_entertainment) . Swimwear competitions have formed a part of beauty pageants (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) , such as the Miss Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth) and Miss World (/wiki/Miss_World) pageants, and sponsors have included commercial brands such as Hawaiian Tropic (/wiki/Hawaiian_Tropic) . Contests have also been held in bars and nightclubs, during intermissions in boxing or wrestling matches and at car shows. Bodybuilding and fitness competitions have evolved to include a bikini division. Participants in such contests may be competing for prizes including trophies, money, and modeling contracts. Types of bikini contests [ edit ] Type Image Description Beauty pageant (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) Finalists at the swimsuit round of Miss Earth 2007 (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2007) from Georgia, Canada, Venezuela, Spain, Thailand, Switzerland, and India. Though many pageants are playing down the bikini contest part, [2] (#cite_note-chapman-2) participants in some beauty contests (/wiki/Beauty_pageant) like the Miss Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe) , Miss International (/wiki/Miss_International) , Miss Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth) or the Miss USA (/wiki/Miss_USA) pageants, are required to wear bikinis as part of the competition. [3] (#cite_note-3) Entertainment Hooters (/wiki/Hooters) bikini contest in Courtyard (/wiki/Courtyard) , Jacksonville (/wiki/Jacksonville) , Florida, 2009. Fitness Fitness models (/wiki/Fitness_model_(person)) at Hong Kong Bodybuilding Championships, 2012. Early women's bodybuilding was about bikini contests. After protests in the 1970s Gloria Miller Fudge started real bodybuilding. [4] (#cite_note-4) Bikini competition was created within fitness and figure competitions (/wiki/Fitness_and_figure_competition) as a category on November 7, 2010, by IFBB (/wiki/International_Federation_of_BodyBuilders) to attract more female participants. [5] (#cite_note-kotel-5) The first Bikini Olympia was introduced in 2010. Wrestling (/wiki/Professional_wrestling) Charles Wright (/wiki/Charles_Wright_(wrestler)) hosting a bikini contest as part of the Hulkamania Tour (/wiki/Hulkamania:_Let_The_Battle_Begin) in Melbourne (/wiki/Melbourne) , 2009. Wrestlers like Eve Torres (/wiki/Eve_Torres) and Kelly Kelly (/wiki/Kelly_Kelly) are also bikini models. A swimsuit contestant wearing a microkini (/wiki/Microkini) at the Hot Import Nights (/wiki/Hot_Import_Nights) auto show held at the Atlanta Motor Speedway (/wiki/Atlanta_Motor_Speedway) in 2010 History [ edit ] In the United States, beauty pageants of women in bathing costumes became popular from the 1880s. However, such events were not regarded as respectable. Beauty contests became more respectable with the first modern " Miss America (/wiki/Miss_America) " contest held in 1921, though less respectable beauty contests continued to be held. Miss America dropped the swimsuit competition in 2018, as part of a general change to avoid judging women based on physical appearance. Contest organization [ edit ] Bikini contest in Florida, 2006 Bikini contests have sometimes been organised or sponsored by companies for marketing purposes [1] (#cite_note-adage-1) or to find new models for their products. Miss Hawaiian Tropic (/wiki/Miss_Hawaiian_Tropic) is organized by Playtex (/wiki/Playtex) to promote " Hawaiian Tropic (/wiki/Hawaiian_Tropic) ", its suntan lotion. NOPI runs the annual Hot Import Nights (/wiki/Hot_Import_Nights) bikini contest, which is held in conjunction with the import car-show in Atlanta, Georgia (/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia) . There is also an annual Hooters (/wiki/Hooters) bikini competition. [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) There are some swimsuit competitions which aim to judge the beauty of a single part of body, such as female buttocks (/wiki/Buttocks) (for example, the Miss Bum Bum (/wiki/Miss_Bum_Bum) contest held in Brazil, and the Miss Reef contest held in several South American countries). [ citation needed ] Controversies [ edit ] Despite their popularity and women's voluntary participation, swimsuit competitions, especially bikini contests, are sometimes controversial. Critics argue that beauty contests reinforce the idea that girls and women are primarily valued for their physical appearance, and that this puts pressure on women to conform to conventional beauty standards. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) [10] (#cite_note-10) Miss World contest [ edit ] The first Miss World contest was organized by Eric Morley (/wiki/Eric_Morley) in 1951 as a promotion for swimwear at the Festival of Britain (/wiki/Festival_of_Britain) . [11] (#cite_note-11) [12] (#cite_note-12) The press welcomed the spectacle and referred to it as Miss World . [13] (#cite_note-Keith_Lovegrove_1967-13) When the winner Kiki Håkansson (/wiki/Kiki_H%C3%A5kansson) from Sweden was crowned in a bikini, countries with religious traditions threatened to withdraw delegates. The bikinis were outlawed and evening gowns (/wiki/Evening_gown) introduced instead. [14] (#cite_note-14) Håkansson remains the only Miss World crowned in a bikini, [13] (#cite_note-Keith_Lovegrove_1967-13) a crowning that was condemned by the Pope (/wiki/Pope) . [15] (#cite_note-15) The bikini was banned from Miss World beauty pageants after the controversy. [16] (#cite_note-16) [17] (#cite_note-magnanti-17) Bikinis reappeared in later contests amid additional controversy. In the 1970s and 1980s, the contest was regularly picketed by feminist protesters. [17] (#cite_note-magnanti-17) The pageant disappeared for a while and in 1996, when the Miss World contest was held in Bangalore (/wiki/Bangalore) , India, dozens of Indian groups opposed to the event claimed that the contest degraded women by featuring them in bikinis. Social activist Subhashini Ali commented, "It's not an IQ test. Neither is it a charity show. It's a beauty contest in which these things have been added on as sops." The protests were so intense that the organizers were finally compelled to shift the venue of the swimsuit round to the Seychelles (/wiki/Seychelles) . [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) Countering these claims, the contest organizer says that the organization has raised £300 million for charity in many of the countries where it operates since 2000. [21] (#cite_note-21) In 2013, the Miss World event was hosted by Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim-majority country. The country's top Muslim clerical body, the Indonesian Ulema Council, suggested that the event should be cancelled because it promotes "hedonism, materialism, and consumerism," and is nothing but "an excuse to show women's body parts that should remain covered." The organizers later announced that the bikini would be replaced by one-piece swimsuits (/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit) and sarongs (/wiki/Sarong) , traditional beachwear on the resort island of Bali (/wiki/Bali) . Pageant Chairwoman Julia Morley explained, "I do not want to upset or get anyone in a situation where we are being disrespectful." [22] (#cite_note-22) Critics accuse the Miss World organizers of caving to extremist pressures. [23] (#cite_note-23) They point out that Bali is a destination for tourists from across the world who often wear minimal swimwear. [24] (#cite_note-theweek-24) Brooke Magnanti argued that the decision to yield to religious fundamentalists was not a victory for feminism (/wiki/Feminism) : While no great fan of pageants there's something about this that rubs the wrong way. For some time it's been clear that the interests and tactics of certain types of feminism and certain types of religious fundamentalism not only converge, but seem to complement each other. [25] (#cite_note-25) Donald Trump (/wiki/Donald_Trump) , who owned the Miss Universe (/wiki/Miss_Universe) beauty pageant until it was acquired by William Morris Endeavor (/wiki/William_Morris_Endeavor) , [26] (#cite_note-26) a competitor to the Miss World (/wiki/Miss_World) contest, was delighted to learn of the rival organization's decision. He told Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) , "Well, I own Miss Universe, so I'm actually very happy about it—because if Miss World doesn't have bikinis, their ratings go right down the tubes." [27] (#cite_note-27) Miss Earth [ edit ] Vida Samadzai (/wiki/Vida_Samadzai) was the 2003 Afghan (/wiki/Afghanistan) contestant for the Miss Earth (/wiki/Miss_Earth) title. She was severely condemned by both the Afghan authorities and community for seeking the title. [28] (#cite_note-Gersh-28) Samadzai was born in Afghanistan but raised in the United States. She was living in India at the time of the contest. [29] (#cite_note-Fida-29) The Afghan Supreme Court (/wiki/Afghan_Supreme_Court) banned swimsuit contests and said that appearing naked in beauty contests is completely un-Islamic, and is against Afghan tradition, human honour and dignity. Habiba Sarabi (/wiki/Habiba_Sarabi) , the Afghan women affairs minister, said Samadzai's semi-naked appearance "is not women's freedom but in my opinion is to entertain men". Afghanistan's embassy in Washington DC declared that claims by Afghan American (/wiki/Afghan_American) Samadzai to represent Afghanistan is baseless. [30] (#cite_note-30) Samadzai, the second woman to be crowned Miss Afghanistan after Zohra Daoud (/wiki/Zohra_Daoud) 's crowning in 1972, received a number of death threats and had to be under the protection of the FBI (/wiki/FBI) for three months. [28] (#cite_note-Gersh-28) [31] (#cite_note-31) She said that she was a bit uncomfortable wearing the "70s style red bikini", and was aware of the risks involved. [29] (#cite_note-Fida-29) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) In the Miss Earth 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Earth_2017) , Carousel Productions (/wiki/Carousel_Productions) , the organizer of the pageant, was criticized for objectifying women when the delegates wore swimsuits in the Beauty of Figure and Form , with their faces concealed by a veil, a segment first introduced in the Miss Philippines Earth 2017 (/wiki/Miss_Philippines_Earth_2017) pageant. [34] (#cite_note-auto-34) [35] (#cite_note-auto1-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) [37] (#cite_note-37) The event was one of the three preliminary judging segments of the pageant that include Poise and Beauty of Face and Environmental and Intelligence Competition . [38] (#cite_note-38) [34] (#cite_note-auto-34) The pageant organizer defended that the "beauty of figure and form" segment was intended to promote strict impartiality during pre-judging by focusing on the contestants' curves, execution and not beautiful face. [39] (#cite_note-39) [35] (#cite_note-auto1-35) Children's bikini contest [ edit ] Miss Tanguita , which translates as "Miss Child Bikini", is held in Barbosa, Santader, Colombia (/wiki/Colombia) as annual part of the "del Rio Suarez" Festival. The organisers deny the allegations that the competition is a camouflage for sexual exploitation, and instead describe it as an awareness event about the importance of children's fitness. Activists say that the competition, though legal, abuses the human rights of minors. [40] (#cite_note-40) Miss Teen USA [ edit ] Beginning in 2016, the Miss Teen USA pageant removed the swimsuit competition and replaced it with an athleticwear round. [41] (#cite_note-41) See also [ edit ] Bikini in popular culture (/wiki/Bikini_in_popular_culture) Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret_Fashion_Show) Wet T-shirt contest (/wiki/Wet_T-shirt_contest) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b "Inside Line: Homemade bikini contest marks 12th year" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180615214454/http://adage.com/article/sound-vision-music/inside-line-homemade-bikini-contest-marks-12th-year/58172/) . Ad Age . Crain Communications Inc. 29 May 2000. Archived from the original (http://adage.com/article/sound-vision-music/inside-line-homemade-bikini-contest-marks-12th-year/58172/) on 15 June 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-chapman_2-0) Roger Chapman, Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices , pages 38–39, M.E. Sharpe, 2010, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7656-2250-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-2250-1) ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Teen To Appear on Nationally Televised Pageant". Fayetteville Observer . Charles Broadwell. August 7, 1993. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Anne Bolin, Jane Granskog, Athletic Intruders: Ethnographic Research on Women, Culture, and Exercise , page 114, SUNY Press, 2003, ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7914-5583-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-5583-8) ^ (#cite_ref-kotel_5-0) Kotel, Amanda (October 1, 2012). "What's the Deal with Bikini Contests?" (https://archive.today/20130905225140/http://www.muscleandbodymag.com/features/whats-the-deal-with-bikini-contests/) . Muscle & Body (/w/index.php?title=Muscle_%26_Body&action=edit&redlink=1) . Archived from the original (http://www.muscleandbodymag.com/features/whats-the-deal-with-bikini-contests/) on September 5, 2013 . Retrieved August 23, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Hooters Annual International Pageant" (https://www.hooters.com/hooters-girls/pageant/) . Hooters . Retrieved 21 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Meet 20 Stunning Women Competing for Miss Hooters International" (https://www.maxim.com/women/miss-hooters-international-contestants-2018-5/) . Maxim . 23 May 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Beauty and body image in the media" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090118094138/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_beauty.cfm) . Media Awareness Network. Archived from the original (http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_beauty.cfm) on 18 January 2009 . Retrieved 2009-01-17 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Reigning Miss Universe Suspected of Having Cosmetic Surgery" (http://cosmeticsurgerytoday.wordpress.com/2009/08/29/reigning-miss-universe-suspected-of-having-cosmetic-surgery/) . 2009-08-29. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100826000856/http://cosmeticsurgerytoday.wordpress.com/2009/08/29/reigning-miss-universe-suspected-of-having-cosmetic-surgery/) from the original on 26 August 2010 . Retrieved 2010-08-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Plastic Surgery: Bollywood, Miss Universe, and the Indian Girl Next Door" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110716050154/http://www.shahfacialplastics.com/media/plastic_surgery_bollywood.pdf) (PDF) . Gujarati Magazine (Sandesh). Archived from the original (http://www.shahfacialplastics.com/media/plastic_surgery_bollywood.pdf) (PDF) on 16 July 2011 . Retrieved 2010-08-23 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Stein, Elissa; Meriwether, Lee (2006). Beauty Queen . Chronicle Books. p. 45 (https://archive.org/details/beautyqueenheres0000stei/page/45) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-8118-4864-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Dewey, Susan (2008). Making Miss India Miss World . Syracuse University Press. p. 46 (https://archive.org/details/makingmissindiam0000dewe/page/46) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8156-3176-7 . ^ Jump up to: a b Lovegrove, Keith (2002). Pageant: The Beauty Contest . teNeues. p. 1967 (https://archive.org/details/pageantbeautycon0000love/page/1967) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3-8238-5569-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Shin, Han (2004). Beauty with a Purpose . iUniverse. p. 193. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-595-30926-7 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Selvedge: The Fabric of Your Life". Selvedge Ltd. 2005: 39. {{ cite journal (/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) }} : Cite journal requires \|journal= ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical) ) ^ (#cite_ref-16) Marcus, Ben; Divine, Jeff (2005). Surfing USA!: An Illustrated History of the Coolest Sport of All Time . MVP Books. p. 60. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-89658-690-1 . ^ Jump up to: a b Magnanti, Brooke (7 June 2013). "Miss World bikini ban: why it's no victory for feminists" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/10105935/Miss-World-2013-bikini-ban-why-its-no-victory-for-feminists.html) . Telegraph . Retrieved 22 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Miss Greece now Miss World, despite pageant protests" (https://web.archive.org/web/20031217161734/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9611/23/miss.world/index.html) . CNN. 23 November 1996. Archived from the original (http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9611/23/miss.world/index.html) on 17 December 2003. ^ (#cite_ref-19) Pratap, Anita (22 November 1996). "Indian police prepare for worst in beauty pageant clash" (https://web.archive.org/web/20030404132350/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9611/22/india.miss.world/index.html) . CNN. Archived from the original (http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9611/22/india.miss.world/index.html) on 4 April 2003. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Pratap, Anita (17 November 1996). "Beauty pageant in India becomes a contest of wills" (http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9611/17/miss.world/index.html) . CNN. ^ (#cite_ref-21) Sinclair, Emma (20 May 2013). "Miss World owner: How a mother and housewife gave the beauty pageant a positive legacy" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-business/10067778/Miss-World-owner-Julia-Morley-How-a-mother-and-housewife-gave-the-beauty-pageant-a-positive-legacy.html) . Retrieved 21 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Miss World Beauty Pageant Bans Bikinis" (http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/06/10/miss-world-beauty-pageant_n_3415087.html) . The Huffington Post . June 10, 2013 . Retrieved June 14, 2013 . The bikini segment is one of the cornerstones of the Miss World Beauty Pageant but the 2013 event will not be featuring them. Out of respect to this year's Muslim host nation Indonesia, the 137 contestants at the event in Jakarta will be wearing the traditional long sarongs of Bali instead. ^ (#cite_ref-23) Lewis, Leo. "Miss World contest cuts bikini round to appease Muslim world" (http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/asia/article3784468.ece) . Times Newspapers Limited . Retrieved 14 June 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-theweek_24-0) Maass, Harold (7 June 2013). "The controversial bikini ban at the Miss World beauty pageant" (http://theweek.com/article/index/245346/the-controversial-bikini-ban-at-the-miss-world-beauty-pageant) . Retrieved 22 August 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Magnanti, Brooke (June 7, 2013). "Miss World bikini ban: why it's no victory for feminists" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/10105935/Miss-World-2013-bikini-ban-why-its-no-victory-for-feminists.html) . The Telegraph . Retrieved June 14, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Killoran, Ellen (14 September 2015). "Donald Trump Sells Miss Universe, Miss USA Pageants To WME/IMG -- But They Still Need A Network" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenkilloran/2015/09/14/donald-trump-owned-miss-universe-miss-usa-pageants-need-a-network-who-will-bite/) . Forbes . ^ (#cite_ref-27) Harrison, Lily (June 10, 2013). "Donald Trump Defends Bikini Contests on Miss World Competition" (http://www.eonline.com/news/428239/donald-trump-defends-bikini-contests-on-miss-world-competition) . E!Online . Retrieved June 14, 2013 . Bikini contests aren't going anywhere if Donald Trump has his way. ^ Jump up to: a b Gersh Kuntzman, " Beauty is a Beast (http://gershkuntzman.homestead.com/files/Beauty_is_a_Beast.htm) ", Newsweek , 2003-11-03 ^ Jump up to: a b Matthan, Ayesha (18 December 2007). "Fida over Vida" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071221191730/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/12/18/stories/2007121850150600.htm) . The Hindu . Archived from the original (http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/12/18/stories/2007121850150600.htm) on 21 December 2007. ^ (#cite_ref-30) News desk, " Afghan Supreme Court bans beauty pageants (http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?click_id=126&art_id=qw1067503501825B212&set_id=1) ", Independent Online , 2003-09-30 ^ (#cite_ref-31) Farhad J. Dadyburjor, " I was under FBI's watch for 3 months: Miss Afghanistan (http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1049966) ", Daily News and Analysis , 2006-06-29 ^ (#cite_ref-32) News Desk, " Miss Afghanistan says she was uncomfortable wearing bikini, goal is to help women and children back home (http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-19308457_ITM) ", Financial Times , 2003-11-07 ^ (#cite_ref-33) Kimi Yoshino, " Causing a stir, all because of a bikini (https://web.archive.org/web/20121023072413/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-87832327.html) ", Times New Service , 2003-11-28 ^ Jump up to: a b Dela Cruz, Lito (19 October 2017). "Miss Earth organizers slammed over controversial preliminary round" (http://us.blastingnews.com/showbiz-tv/2017/10/miss-earth-organizers-slammed-over-controversial-preliminary-round-002104593.html) . Retrieved 20 November 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b Requintina, Robert R. (25 June 2017). "Veiled faces and 2-piece swimsuits in Miss Philippines Earth pageant" (https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/06/25/veiled-faces-and-2-piece-swimsuits-in-miss-philippines-earth-pageant/) . Manila Bulletin (/wiki/Manila_Bulletin) . Retrieved 20 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-36) Tuazon, Nikko (24 June 2017). "Miss Philippines Earth 2017 organizers defend controversial preliminary event" (http://www.pep.ph/news/67353/miss-philippines-earth-2017-organizers-defend-controversial-preliminary-event) . Philippine Entertainment Portal . Retrieved 20 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-37) "Miss Earth pageant covers contestants' faces as they walk down in swimsuits" (https://coconuts.co/manila/lifestyle/miss-earth-pageant-covers-contestants-faces-walk-swimsuits/) . Coconuts Media (/wiki/Coconuts_Media) . 20 October 2017 . Retrieved 20 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Adina, Armin (15 July 2017). "Miss PH-Earth winners 'unveiled' tonight" (http://entertainment.inquirer.net/234430/miss-ph-earth-winners-unveiled-tonight) . Philippine Daily Inquirer (/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer) . Retrieved 20 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-39) "Miss PH Earth organizers on veil issue: Women not objectified" (https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/specials/miss-earth/philippines/173937-miss-philippines-earth-organizers-statement-veil-swimsuit-controversy) . Rappler (/wiki/Rappler) . 25 June 2017 . Retrieved 20 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-40) Raya Desmawanto Nainggolan (January 14, 2015). "Wah, Kontes Ratu Bikini Anak-anak Digelar di Negara Ini" (http://pekanbaru.tribunnews.com/2015/01/14/wah-kontes-ratu-bikini-anak-anak-digelar-di-negara-ini) . ^ (#cite_ref-41) "First Look! See What Miss Teen USA Contestants Will Wear Instead of Bikinis on Total Divas" (http://www.eonline.com/shows/total_divas/news/781840/first-look-see-what-miss-teen-usa-contestants-will-wear-instead-of-bikinis) . 2016-07-22 . Retrieved 2016-09-10 . 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Italian businessman Luciano Benetton Member of the Senate (/wiki/Italian_Senate) In office 23 April 1992 – 14 April 1994 Personal details Born ( 1935-05-13 ) 13 May 1935 (age 89) Treviso (/wiki/Treviso) , Italy Political party Italian Republican Party (/wiki/Italian_Republican_Party) Children 4, including Alessandro (/wiki/Alessandro_Benetton) Relatives Giuliana Benetton (/wiki/Giuliana_Benetton) (sister) Carlo Benetton (/wiki/Carlo_Benetton) (brother) Gilberto Benetton (/wiki/Gilberto_Benetton) (brother) Residence(s) Treviso, Italy Occupation Co-founder of Benetton Group (/wiki/Benetton_Group) Luciano Benetton (born 13 May 1935) is an Italian billionaire businessman and one of the co-founders of Benetton Group (/wiki/Benetton_Group) , an Italian fashion brand. He served as the chairman of Benetton from 1978 to 2012. [1] (#cite_note-1) Early life [ edit ] Luciano Benetton was born on 13 May 1935 in Treviso (/wiki/Treviso) . [2] (#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-2) His father had a small business and following his death, [3] (#cite_note-3) Benetton dropped out of school at the age of 14 to work in a clothing shop. [2] (#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-2) He saved money to buy a $200 knitting machine and teamed up with his sister to produce a collection of twenty pieces of yellow, green and pale blue sweaters. [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] In 1965, together with his siblings Giuliana (/wiki/Giuliana_Benetton) , Carlo (/wiki/Carlo_Benetton) and Gilberto (/wiki/Gilberto_Benetton) , he founded Benetton Group (/wiki/Benetton_Group) . [2] (#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-2) [5] (#cite_note-5) In 1992, he was elected to the Italian Senate. [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2003, he announced that his family is stepping down from running the company, due to decreasing sales and increased competition. [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2006, he founded the Imago Mundi Collection, a collection of contemporary art in 10 by 12 cm format from around the world. [8] (#cite_note-8) In May 2015, Forbes (/wiki/Forbes) estimated the net worth of Luciano Benetton and each of his three siblings at US$2.9 billion. [9] (#cite_note-Forbes-9) Personal life [ edit ] He is married with four children and lives in Treviso (/wiki/Treviso) . [9] (#cite_note-Forbes-9) His son Alessandro (/wiki/Alessandro_Benetton) chaired Benetton Group from April 2012 to May 2014. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Luciano Benetton: Executive Profile & Biography – Bloomberg" (https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=319906&privcapId=319904&previousCapId=18501&previousTitle=21%20Investimenti%20SGR%20S.p.A.) . www.bloomberg.com . Retrieved 22 November 2017 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Luciano Benetton" (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luciano-Benetton) . Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 10 September 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Berend, Ivan T. (22 September 2016). An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Economic Regimes from Laissez-Faire to Globalization . Cambridge University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-316-54628-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Berend, Ivan T. (22 September 2016). An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Economic Regimes from Laissez-Faire to Globalization . Cambridge University Press. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-316-54628-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Waxman, Sharon (17 February 1993). "THE TRUE COLORS OF LUCIANO BENETTON" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/02/17/the-true-colors-of-luciano-benetton/4a8bfcab-ed6a-42bd-80bf-27901ef9b9de/) . Washington Post . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0190-8286 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286) . Retrieved 21 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) McDonough, John; Egolf, Karen (18 June 2015). The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-135-94913-6 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Luciano Benetton \| Italian manufacturer" (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luciano-Benetton) . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 22 November 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "Mission" (https://fondazioneimagomundi.org/en/about-us-fondazione-imago-mundi/) . Fondazione Imago Mundi . Retrieved 11 November 2023 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Luciano Benetton" (https://www.forbes.com/profile/luciano-benetton/) . Forbes . Retrieved 25 May 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Wojewoda, Nicolò (8 September 2017). How to Engage Youth to Drive Corporate Sustainability: Roles and Interventions . Routledge. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-351-27546-0 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Benetton Heir Alessandro Goes It Alone With Private Equity Firm" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-06/benetton-heir-alessandro-goes-it-alone-with-private-equity-firm) . Bloomberg.com . 6 April 2016 . Retrieved 22 November 2017 . External links [ edit ] Files about his parliamentary activities (in Italian): XI (http://www.senato.it/leg/11/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00000216.htm) legislature Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/352163/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000081802566) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/112758052) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJv4jy6Yxrrk67rT7h4yVC) National Spain (http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX853024) France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12313323c) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12313323c) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/123459672) Italy (https://opac.sbn.it/nome/LO1V027095) Israel (http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258432005171) Belgium (https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14200660) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95018491) Japan (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00463089) Czech Republic (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20181008508&CON_LNG=ENG) Korea (https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201720863) Poland (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810569151905606) Academics CiNii (https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06844377?l=en) Artists RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/484696) ULAN (https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500291807) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/03202455X) This business-related Italian biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American costume designer Lou A. Eyrich ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ˈ aɪ r ɪ k / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) EYE -rik ; [1] (#cite_note-1) born New Ulm, Minnesota (/wiki/New_Ulm,_Minnesota) [2] (#cite_note-2) ) is an American costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) best known for her work in the television series Glee (/wiki/Glee_(TV_series)) and American Horror Story: Asylum (/wiki/American_Horror_Story:_Asylum) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-globe-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-6) In 2012, she was awarded a Career Achievement Award in Television from the Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) . [7] (#cite_note-7) In 2010 and 2011, she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy (/wiki/Primetime_Emmy) in the Outstanding Costumes for a Series category for her work on Glee, work that was also given awards in 2010, 2011, and 2012 by the Costume Designers Guilde for in the Outstanding Contemporary Television Series (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design_%E2%80%93_Contemporary_TV_Series) . [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Her work on American Horror Story: Asylum (/wiki/American_Horror_Story:_Asylum) received an award from the Costume Designers Guild in the Outstanding Made for TV Movie or Mini Series category in 2013, and her work on American Horror Story: Freak Show (/wiki/American_Horror_Story:_Freak_Show) was nominated in the same category in 2015. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) More recently, Eyrich designed the costumes for the FX series Feud, which depicts the Hollywood rivalry between Joan Crawford and Bette Davis between 1963 and 1978. [12] (#cite_note-12) Eyrich is a survivor of breast cancer (/wiki/Breast_cancer) . [4] (#cite_note-globe-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Lou Eyrich "MEET THE HOLLYWOOD COSTUME DESIGNERS" (episode 5)" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Kw7P2YnXO4) . YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) . Retrieved June 27, 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Glassman, Sara (April 11, 2010). "Sing-along style; A native Minnesota costumer makes sweet harmony for the fashions in 'Glee.' (https://web.archive.org/web/20161018204441/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-223773833.html) " (https://web.archive.org/web/20161018204441/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-223773833.html) . Star Tribune . Archived from the original (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-223773833.html) on October 18, 2016 . Retrieved April 18, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Glassman, Sara. "Costume designer Lou Eyrich keeps 'Glee' fashions in step with the times" (http://seattletimes.com/html/television/2011667814_glee25.html) . Seattle Times . Retrieved April 18, 2013 . ^ a b Muther, Christopher (January 9, 2013). "Lou Eyrich finds style in an unlikely place" (https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/style/2013/01/09/american-horror-story-asylum-designer-lou-eyrich-finds-style-unlikely-place/NCZkm1i4PKomqgytxpXa7N/story.html) . Boston Globe . Retrieved April 18, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Brown, Geoffry (January 30, 2012). "Interview: Lou Eyrich, Costume Designer for FOX's 'Glee' (http://www.out.com/fashion/2012/01/30/interview-lou-eyrich-costume-designer-foxs-glee) " (http://www.out.com/fashion/2012/01/30/interview-lou-eyrich-costume-designer-foxs-glee) . Out (/wiki/Out_(magazine)) . Retrieved April 18, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Lennox, Mike (September 9, 2011). " (https://archive.today/20130628211836/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9PL0V880.htm) 'Glee' Emmy nominee reflects on 'New York' episode" (https://archive.today/20130628211836/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9PL0V880.htm) . Bloomberg Businessweek (/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek) . Archived from the original (http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9PL0V880.htm) on June 28, 2013 . Retrieved April 18, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Winners of the 14th Annual Costume Designers Guild Awards" (http://costumedesignersguild.com/awards/awards-archive/awards2012/) . Costumer Designers Guild . Retrieved January 12, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "13th Annual Awards 2011" (http://costumedesignersguild.com/awards/awards-archive/awards2011/) . Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) . Retrieved April 18, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Awards" (http://costumedesignersguild.com/awards/awards-archive/awards2012/) . Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) . 2012 . Retrieved April 18, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Main Awards" (http://costumedesignersguild.com/awards/main-awards/) . Costume Designers Guild (/wiki/Costume_Designers_Guild) . 2013 . Retrieved April 18, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Costume Designers Guild Awards nominations announced" (http://www.cbsnews.com/news/costume-designers-guild-awards-nominations-announced/) . CBS News (/wiki/CBS_News) . Retrieved January 13, 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Costume Designer Lou Eyrich on the Glam Divas of 'Feud' (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/feud-costumes-lou-eyrich-creating-fashionable-looks-fx-series-996542) " (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/feud-costumes-lou-eyrich-creating-fashionable-looks-fx-series-996542) . The Hollywood Reporter . Retrieved April 30, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Lou Eyrich (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0264248/) at IMDb (/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) : Artists Emmy Awards (https://www.emmys.com/bios/lou-eyrich) This biographical article related to television in the United States is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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Sergio Rossi (/wiki/Sergio_Rossi) Sorelle Fontana (/wiki/Sorelle_Fontana) Stefano Ricci (/wiki/Stefano_Ricci) Stone Island (/wiki/Stone_Island) Superga (brand) (/wiki/Superga_(brand)) T Tepa Sport (/wiki/Tepa_Sport) Trussardi (/wiki/Trussardi) V Valentino (fashion house) (/wiki/Valentino_(fashion_house)) Valextra (/wiki/Valextra) Versace (/wiki/Versace) Versus (Versace) (/wiki/Versus_(Versace)) Z Zegna (/wiki/Zegna) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_brands_of_Italy&oldid=971887842 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Clothing_brands_of_Italy&oldid=971887842) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Italian fashion (/wiki/Category:Italian_fashion) Clothing brands by country (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands_by_country) Clothing companies of Italy (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_Italy) Italian brands (/wiki/Category:Italian_brands) Italian design (/wiki/Category:Italian_design)
The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Retro style (/wiki/Retro_style) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Retro style (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Retro_style) . See also: Category:Replicas (/wiki/Category:Replicas) Articles relating to retro style (/wiki/Retro_style) , a style that is imitative or consciously derivative of lifestyles, trends, or art forms from the historical past, including in music, modes, fashions, or attitudes. In popular culture (/wiki/Popular_culture) , the " nostalgia (/wiki/Nostalgia) cycle" is typically for the two decades that are 20–30 years before the current one. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐sdkbw Cached time: 20240721083927 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.067 seconds Real time usage: 0.102 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 145/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3103/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 284/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1854/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.039/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1188563/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 91.836 1 -total 53.43% 49.065 1 Template:Commons_category 50.91% 46.749 1 Template:Sister_project 48.21% 44.270 1 Template:Side_box 36.83% 33.822 1 Template:Cat_main 9.47% 8.696 1 Template:See_also 5.99% 5.499 1 Template:Replace Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:34634946-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721083927 and revision id 1053690585. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. M Retro-style music (/wiki/Category:Retro-style_music) ‎ (5 C, 20 P) R Retro-style automobiles (/wiki/Category:Retro-style_automobiles) ‎ (246 P) Retro-style video games (/wiki/Category:Retro-style_video_games) ‎ (206 P) Retrofuturism (/wiki/Category:Retrofuturism) ‎ (8 C, 37 P) Revivalism (architecture) (/wiki/Category:Revivalism_(architecture)) ‎ (2 C, 2 P) S Steampunk (/wiki/Category:Steampunk) ‎ (10 C, 37 P) Synthwave (/wiki/Category:Synthwave) ‎ (3 C, 4 P) Pages in category "Retro style" The following 31 pages are in this category, out of 31 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Retro style (/wiki/Retro_style) 0–9 50's Prime Time Café (/wiki/50%27s_Prime_Time_Caf%C3%A9) A Akishibu-kei (/wiki/Akishibu-kei) The Amazing Digital Circus (/wiki/The_Amazing_Digital_Circus) C Chamber pop (/wiki/Chamber_pop) Chillwave (/wiki/Chillwave) D Depression glass (/wiki/Depression_glass) Dieselpunk (/wiki/Dieselpunk) List of retro-style digital cameras (/wiki/List_of_retro-style_digital_cameras) G Gigatron TTL (/wiki/Gigatron_TTL) H Hypnagogic pop (/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop) J Japanese cyberpunk (/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk) Johnny Rockets (/wiki/Johnny_Rockets) L List of Philadelphia Phillies turn back the clock games (/wiki/List_of_Philadelphia_Phillies_turn_back_the_clock_games) N Nu-disco (/wiki/Nu-disco) R Retrofuturism (/wiki/Retrofuturism) Retrotronics (/wiki/Retrotronics) Rockabilly (/wiki/Rockabilly) S Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant (/wiki/Sci-Fi_Dine-In_Theater_Restaurant) Sega Genesis Mini (/wiki/Sega_Genesis_Mini) Shibuya-kei (/wiki/Shibuya-kei) Sovietwave (/wiki/Sovietwave) Steampunk (/wiki/Steampunk) Synthwave (/wiki/Synthwave) T Tales from the Loop (role-playing game) (/wiki/Tales_from_the_Loop_(role-playing_game)) Teddy Boys (/wiki/Teddy_Boys) Throwback uniform (/wiki/Throwback_uniform) TurboGrafx-16 Mini (/wiki/TurboGrafx-16_Mini) V List of retro style video game consoles (/wiki/List_of_retro_style_video_game_consoles) Videogram (/wiki/Videogram) Vintage (design) (/wiki/Vintage_(design)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Retro_style&oldid=1053690585 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Retro_style&oldid=1053690585) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Cultural trends (/wiki/Category:Cultural_trends) Design (/wiki/Category:Design) Nostalgia (/wiki/Category:Nostalgia) Style (/wiki/Category:Style) Hidden category: Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
Japanese cosmetic made from nightingale droppings Uguisu no fun ( 鶯の糞 , literally meaning "nightingale faeces" in Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_language) ) , also called the "Geisha Facial", [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) refers to the excrement (/wiki/Excrement) ( fun ) produced by a particular nightingale (/wiki/Nightingale) , the Japanese bush warbler (/wiki/Japanese_bush_warbler) ( uguisu ). [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) The droppings have been used in facials (/wiki/Facial) throughout Japanese history (/wiki/History_of_Japan) . [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) Recently, the product has appeared in the Western world (/wiki/Western_world) . [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) The facial is said to whiten the skin and balance skin tone (/wiki/Human_skin_color) , [ clarification needed ] as well as treat skin affected by hyperpigmentation (/wiki/Hyperpigmentation) . [2] (#cite_note-nydn-2) History [ edit ] Geisha historically used uguisu no fun to remove their white makeup (/wiki/Oshiroi) , and to whiten and condition their skin. The use of nightingale excrement dates back to the Heian period (/wiki/Heian_period) (794–1185) when it was introduced to the Japanese (/wiki/Japanese_people) by the Korean people (/wiki/Korean_people) . [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [3] (#cite_note-awsj-3) Koreans used the guano (/wiki/Guano) to remove dye (/wiki/Dye) from fabric, allowing them to make intricate designs on clothing. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [3] (#cite_note-awsj-3) The Japanese used the bird droppings to remove stains from silk (/wiki/Silk) garments such as kimono (/wiki/Kimono) . [4] (#cite_note-cnn-4) [5] (#cite_note-Carroll_2007_249-5) During the Edo period (/wiki/Edo_period) (1603–1868), the Japanese expanded its use by using it as a beauty treatment. [3] (#cite_note-awsj-3) Geisha (/wiki/Geisha) and kabuki (/wiki/Kabuki) actors used white makeup known as oshiroi (/wiki/Oshiroi) that contained zinc (/wiki/Zinc) and lead (/wiki/Lead) , which likely caused many issues such as skin diseases. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [6] (#cite_note-sny-6) Uguisu no fun was used to thoroughly remove this makeup and to whiten the skin. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [4] (#cite_note-cnn-4) Buddhist monks (/wiki/Bhikkhu) also used the droppings to polish and clean their bald scalps. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [3] (#cite_note-awsj-3) The first modern written mention of the use of uguisu no fun is in a book entitled Shunkin-sho ( Portrait of Lady Shunkin ), published in 1933 by Jun'ichirō Tanizaki (/wiki/Jun%27ichir%C5%8D_Tanizaki) , set in Japan's Meiji period (/wiki/Meiji_period) (1868–1912). Currently, Hyakusuke is the last shop in Tokyo (/wiki/Tokyo) to sell government-approved uguisu no fun . [7] (#cite_note-Fodor_2009_180-7) This 200 year-old cosmetic shop carries the powder along with other cosmetic products. [7] (#cite_note-Fodor_2009_180-7) [8] (#cite_note-Frommer’s_2010_241-8) The modern-day revival of uguisu no fun in Japan [ clarification needed ] may be attributed to a respect for ancestral traditions as well as to the innovative culture of Japan (/wiki/Culture_of_Japan) . [ citation needed ] Processing [ edit ] The Japanese bush warbler (/wiki/Japanese_bush_warbler) ( Cettia diphone ) produces uguisu no fun . Uguisu no fun is harvested in nightingale farms (/wiki/Farm) in Japan. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) Though wild nightingales eat insects (/wiki/Insect) and berries (/wiki/Berry) , the diet of the caged birds consists of organic (/wiki/Organic_food) seeds (/wiki/Seed) . [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [9] (#cite_note-tcu-9) Some nightingales feed on caterpillars (/wiki/Caterpillar) that eat from plum (/wiki/Plum) trees. [5] (#cite_note-Carroll_2007_249-5) The guano is scraped from the cages, and an ultraviolet (/wiki/Ultraviolet) light is often used to kill the bacteria (/wiki/Bacteria) to sanitize it. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [9] (#cite_note-tcu-9) The droppings are then usually dried with a dehydrator. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) Some are sun-dried for over two weeks while simultaneously being UV sterilized (/wiki/Ultraviolet_germicidal_irradiation) . Next, it is ground into a fine white powder, and it is sold in this form. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) Facial [ edit ] Rice bran (/wiki/Bran) is sometimes added to the guano for the purpose of exfoliation (/wiki/Exfoliation_(cosmetology)) . [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) The powder is mixed with water, yielding a paste, before being massaged into the skin for a few minutes and then being rinsed off. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) The facial is usually rather odorless and sanitized. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [5] (#cite_note-Carroll_2007_249-5) The added rice bran can also neutralize the slight musky (/wiki/Musk) odor. [10] (#cite_note-tgr-10) In one New York (/wiki/New_York_City) spa (/wiki/Spa) that offers the application of ugisu no fun , the process takes about one hour and costs $180. [6] (#cite_note-sny-6) Mechanism of facial [ edit ] The way the facial works is not entirely clear. [4] (#cite_note-cnn-4) The guano from the nightingale has a high concentration of urea (/wiki/Urea) and guanine (/wiki/Guanine) . [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) Because birds excrete a fecal and urine waste from a single opening, called the cloaca (/wiki/Cloaca) , the fecal-urine combination gives the droppings a high concentration of urea. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [4] (#cite_note-cnn-4) Urea is sometimes found in cosmetics because it locks moisture into the skin. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [4] (#cite_note-cnn-4) The guanine may produce shimmery, iridescent (/wiki/Iridescence) effects on the skin. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [6] (#cite_note-sny-6) It is claimed that because of the short intestine (/wiki/Intestine) of the nightingale, the droppings have protein (/wiki/Protein) , a fat-degrading enzyme (/wiki/Enzyme) , and a whitening enzyme that acts on fat (/wiki/Fat) and scurf (/wiki/Pityriasis_simplex_capillitii) to whiten skin and even out blemishes. Numerous sources comment that "the amino acid (/wiki/Amino_acid) guanine" gives uguisu no fun its cosmetic properties, though guanine is a nucleotide (/wiki/Nucleotide) base, not an amino acid. [1] (#cite_note-hsw-1) [3] (#cite_note-awsj-3) [10] (#cite_note-tgr-10) In popular culture [ edit ] Victoria Beckham (/wiki/Victoria_Beckham) , who has long suffered with acne (/wiki/Acne) , has used uguisu no fun to improve her skin. It was reported that Beckham admired the clarity of the skin of Japanese women and subsequently learned about the droppings. [9] (#cite_note-tcu-9) In the novel Memoirs of a Geisha (/wiki/Memoirs_of_a_Geisha) , the character Chiyo repays Hatsumomo's cruelty by mixing pigeon droppings with her face cream that contained unguent (/wiki/Unguent) of nightingale droppings. [11] (#cite_note-Golden_1997_80-11) In the 2012 movie Mirror Mirror (/wiki/Mirror_Mirror_(film)) , based on the fairytale Snow White (/wiki/Snow_White) , the evil queen, played by Julia Roberts (/wiki/Julia_Roberts) , undergoes extreme beauty treatments in order to woo a prince. The treatment begins with an application of bird droppings to her face. References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Shanna Freeman (11 January 2010). "How Geisha Facials Work" (http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/beauty/skin-treatments/geisha-facial.htm) . HowStuffWorks . Retrieved 13 July 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-nydn_2-0) Amy Eisinger (23 July 2008). "New York's weirdest spa treatments" (http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/health/2008/07/24/2008-07-24_new_yorks_weirdest_spa_treatments.html) . NYDailyNews.com . Retrieved 14 July 2010 . ^ a b c d e Moore, Janet H. (December 16, 2001). "The Nightingale Facial". Asian Wall Street Journal . ^ a b c d e Liane Yvkoff (26 September 2008). "Try a placenta or bird poop facial" (http://www.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/homestyle/09/26/bird.poop.facials/index.html) . Cable News Network . Retrieved 13 July 2010 . ^ a b c Carroll & Carroll 2007 (#CITEREFCarrollCarroll2007) , p. 249 ^ a b c Shizuka New York Day Spa. "The Geisha Facial: From an ancient Japanese tradition...Bird Poop Facials!" (http://www.shizukany.com/geisha-facial.htm) . Retrieved 13 July 2010 . ^ a b Fodor 2009 (#CITEREFFodor2009) , p. 180 ^ (#cite_ref-Frommer’s_2010_241_8-0) Frommer 2010 (#CITEREFFrommer2010) , p. 241 ^ a b c Melissa Whitworth (16 October 2008). "Geisha facial, the 'latest beauty secret' of Victoria Beckham, brought to the masses" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090613005404/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/beauty/3365670/Geisha-facial-the-latest-beauty-secret-of-Victoria-Beckham-brought-to-the-masses.html) . London: Telegraph Media Group Limited. Archived from the original (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/beauty/3365670/Geisha-facial-the-latest-beauty-secret-of-Victoria-Beckham-brought-to-the-masses.html) on 13 June 2009 . Retrieved 14 July 2010 . ^ a b Timothy Gardner (25 April 2008). "Facial with bird excrement takes flight at New York spa" (http://in.reuters.com/article/idINN2542211820080425) . Thomson Reuters . Retrieved 14 July 2010 . ^ (#cite_ref-Golden_1997_80_11-0) Golden 1997 (#CITEREFGolden1997) , p. 80 Bibliography [ edit ] Berg, Rona (2007). Beauty: The New Basics . Wiley Publishing Inc. p. 249 (https://archive.org/details/beautynewbasics00berg/page/249) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7611-0186-4 . Carroll, Marcie; Carroll, Rick (2007). The Unofficial Guide to Maui . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing Inc. p. 249 (https://archive.org/details/unofficialguidet00marc_0/page/249) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-470-05224-2 . Drill, Esther; McDonald, Heather; Odes, Rebecca (2002). The Looks Book . Penguin (Non-Classics). p. 86 (https://archive.org/details/looksbookwholene00odes/page/86) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-14-200211-7 . Fodor's (2009). Fodor's Japan (19 ed.). Fodor’s Travel. p. 180. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-4000-0827-8 . Frommer's (2010). Frommer's Tokyo . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing Inc. p. 241. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-470-53764-0 . Golden, Arthur (1997). Memoirs of a Geisha . Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. p. 80. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 0-375-40011-7 . 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Hawaiian neck ornament 19th century lei niho palaoa in the Honolulu Museum of Art (/wiki/Honolulu_Museum_of_Art) A lei niho palaoa is a Hawaiian neck ornament traditionally worn by aliʻi (/wiki/Ali%CA%BBi) (chiefs) of both sexes. The 19th century examples are most commonly made of a whale tooth carved into a hook-shape suspended by plaited human hair. The symbolism is not known; it may represent a tongue that speaks the law, or may represent a vessel for mana (/wiki/Mana_(Oceanian_mythology)) (inherited virtue). [1] (#cite_note-1) Precontact lei niho palaoa were less than two inches in length, and were not only made of whale ivory, but also of shell, bone, wood, stone, and coral. [2] (#cite_note-2) Sometimes, several of these smaller pendants were strung on twisted human hair. [3] (#cite_note-3) The Bishop Museum (/wiki/Bishop_Museum) has a lei niho palaoa with a hair bundle having a circumference of 7.5 inches. It is made from a single eight-ply square braid cord, measuring 1,708 feet, looped back and forth over 1000 times on each side. [4] (#cite_note-4) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lei niho palaoa (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lei_niho_palaoa) . Footnotes [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Metropolitan Museum of Art" (http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/313842) . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "New Guinea Tribal Art" (http://www.new-guinea-tribal-art.com/wp/index.php/2011/08/15/hawaiian-pendant/) . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Kaeppler, Adrienne L., Polynesia, The Mark and Carolyn Blackburn Collection of Polynesian Art, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 2010, p. 371 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Buck, Peter H., Arts and Crafts of Hawaii , Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 1957, p. 537 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐t95d5 Cached time: 20240720213731 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.155 seconds Real time usage: 0.309 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 410/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5714/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 734/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 9391/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.100/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3655417/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 286.396 1 -total 55.83% 159.892 1 Template:Reflist 51.62% 147.852 2 Template:Cite_web 27.74% 79.450 1 Template:Short_description 16.79% 48.098 2 Template:Pagetype 15.42% 44.176 1 Template:Commons_category 14.74% 42.229 1 Template:Sister_project 14.20% 40.659 1 Template:Side_box 7.25% 20.755 3 Template:Main_other 6.57% 18.822 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51733627-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720213731 and revision id 1229858019. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lei_niho_palaoa&oldid=1229858019 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lei_niho_palaoa&oldid=1229858019) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Hawaii culture (/wiki/Category:Hawaii_culture) Necklaces (/wiki/Category:Necklaces) Symbols of Hawaii (/wiki/Category:Symbols_of_Hawaii) Hawaiian regalia (/wiki/Category:Hawaiian_regalia) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description with empty Wikidata description (/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description) Commons category link is on Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata)
Brazilian shoe designer This biography of a living person (/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons) needs additional citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help by adding reliable sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) . Contentious material (/wiki/Wikipedia:BLPREMOVE) about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced (/wiki/Wikipedia:QUESTIONABLE) must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous (/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel) . Find sources: "Alexandre Birman" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Alexandre+Birman%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Alexandre+Birman%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Alexandre+Birman%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Alexandre+Birman%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Alexandre+Birman%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Alexandre+Birman%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( December 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Alexandre Birman (born October 1, 1976) is a Brazilian (/wiki/Brazilian_people) footwear designer and founder of his self-titled couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) brand, "Alexandre Birman". He is known for his trademark use of exotic skins such snakeskin (/wiki/Snakeskin) , crocodile, lizard and ostrich. In November 2009, Alexandre Birman was awarded the Vivian Infantino Emerging Talent Award by industry publication Footwear News. [1] (#cite_note-1) Alexandre Birman collaborated with designer Prabal Gurung (/wiki/Prabal_Gurung) for the debut of his fall collection during the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week) 2010. [ where? ] [2] (#cite_note-2) His shoes were mentioned in the Gossip Girl (/wiki/Gossip_Girl_(TV_series)) episode "The Grandfather: Part II". [3] (#cite_note-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Sullivan, Brittany (2009-11-30). Emerging Talent: Alexandre Birman (http://www.wwd.com/footwear-news/emerging-talent-alexandre-birman-2381709) Women's Wear Daily , retrieved May 18, 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Elle (2010-04-19). Accessories News: Prabal Gurung by Alexandre Birman (http://fashion.elle.com/blog/2010/04/accessories-news-alexandre-birman-for-prabal-gurung.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100421110559/http://fashion.elle.com/blog/2010/04/accessories-news-alexandre-birman-for-prabal-gurung.html) 2010-04-21 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Fashion Elle , retrieved May 18, 2010 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Colavitti, Fernanda (2010-04-16). Para os pés das estrelas (http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI133767-15228,00-PARA+OS+PES+DAS+ESTRELAS.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20101206234317/http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI133767-15228,00-PARA+OS+PES+DAS+ESTRELAS.html) 2010-12-06 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) The EPOCA Website , August 25, 2010 External links [ edit ] Alexandre Birman (https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/alexandre-birman/) at FMD (/wiki/Fashion_Model_Directory) This Brazilian biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Birman&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8645764cd7‐47jgr Cached time: 20240712200719 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.258 seconds Real time usage: 0.793 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 604/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15975/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 962/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8624/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.162/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2806939/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 767.671 1 -total 34.46% 264.550 1 Template:Fashiondesigner 24.59% 188.777 1 Template:Brazil-bio-stub 24.18% 185.626 1 Template:Asbox 23.09% 177.250 1 Template:Short_description 13.97% 107.225 4 Template:Main_other 13.64% 104.701 1 Template:SDcat 11.69% 89.754 1 Template:BLP_sources 10.73% 82.394 1 Template:Ambox 7.36% 56.516 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:27399339-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712200719 and revision id 1198828941. 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Models from Kyiv (/wiki/Kyiv) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐85f5b4c5d4‐sm4v8 Cached time: 20240714214758 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.002 seconds Real time usage: 0.005 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:47089806-0!canonical and timestamp 20240714214758 and revision id 1141485162. Rendering was triggered because: api-purge Pages in category "Models from Kyiv" The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . D Veronika Didusenko (/wiki/Veronika_Didusenko) K Oksana Kononets (/wiki/Oksana_Kononets) O Snejana Onopka (/wiki/Snejana_Onopka) S Clara Seley (/wiki/Clara_Seley) Z Iryna Zhuravska (/wiki/Iryna_Zhuravska) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Kyiv&oldid=1141485162 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Models_from_Kyiv&oldid=1141485162) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Ukrainian models (/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_models) Models by city (/wiki/Category:Models_by_city) People from Kyiv by occupation (/wiki/Category:People_from_Kyiv_by_occupation)
Algerian clothing Karakou Type Algerian clothing Material Velvet (/wiki/Velvet) Place of origin Algiers (/wiki/Algiers) [1] (#cite_note-Leyla-1) The Karakou is a long-sleeved fitted velvet jacket embroidered with golden and silvered threads, it is a traditional Algerian garment originating from Algiers (/wiki/Algiers) . [1] (#cite_note-Leyla-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) The Karakou was developed in the 19th century and is the evolution of the Algerian Ghlila (/wiki/Ghlila) which was part of the local dress of Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) . [4] (#cite_note-4) This Algerian vest is made by an Algerian Embroidery called El Majboud, which was inscribed in the UNESCO along with The Algerian Kaftan (/wiki/Algerian_Kaftan) and Chedda Tlemcenia (/wiki/Chedda_of_Tlemcen) [5] (#cite_note-5) Algerian Karakou See also [ edit ] • Ghlila (/wiki/Ghlila) • Frimla (/wiki/Frimla) • Djebba Fergani (/wiki/Djebba_Fergani) • Algerian Kaftan (/wiki/Algerian_Kaftan) References [ edit ] ^ a b Leyla Belkaïd Neri , “Crossroads and hybridizations of clothing styles: In southern and northern urban societies” , in Paraître et appearances en Europe occidental du Moyen Age à nos jours , Presses universitaire du Septentrion, coll. "History and civilizations", March 12, 2020. pp. 227–241 ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-7574-2280-9 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7574-2280-9) ), read online (http://books.openedition.org/septentrion/57558) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Textiles as National Heritage: Identities, Politics and Material Culture (https://books.google.com/books?id=LPAmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA301) Gabriele Mentges, Lola Shamukhitdinova Waxmann Verlag, ^ (#cite_ref-3) The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Popular Culture (https://books.google.com/books?id=StkiAQAAIAAJ&q=karakou+algiers) , Volume 4 Gary Hoppenstand Greenwood Press, ^ (#cite_ref-4) Snoap, Morgan, " Algerian Women's Waistcoats - The Ghlila and Frimla: Readjusting the Lens on the Early French Colonial Era in Algeria (1830-1870) (https://scholarship.rollins.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1113&context=honors) " (2020). Honors Program Theses. 114. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "UNESCO - Rites and craftsmanship associated with the wedding costume tradition of Tlemcen" (https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/rites-and-craftsmanship-associated-with-the-wedding-costume-tradition-of-tlemcen-00668) . ich.unesco.org . Retrieved 2023-05-09 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐c4df98467‐w5k7l Cached time: 20240711174029 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.191 seconds Real time usage: 0.289 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 630/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5499/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 572/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12241/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.111/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3257403/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 269.088 1 -total 44.80% 120.554 1 Template:Reflist 36.07% 97.061 1 Template:Short_description 20.27% 54.548 1 Template:ISBN 19.03% 51.207 1 Template:Cite_web 16.77% 45.114 4 Template:Main_other 16.64% 44.787 1 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 16.03% 43.125 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_type 15.98% 42.995 1 Template:SDcat 15.30% 41.182 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68810850-0!canonical and timestamp 20240711174029 and revision id 1194295652. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karakou&oldid=1194295652 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karakou&oldid=1194295652) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Algerian clothing (/wiki/Category:Algerian_clothing) Embroidery in Algeria (/wiki/Category:Embroidery_in_Algeria) Jackets (/wiki/Category:Jackets) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)
Julie Verhoeven Born ( 1969-05-16 ) 16 May 1969 (age 55) Sevenoaks (/wiki/Sevenoaks) , Kent Occupation(s) Illustrator, designer, university academic Julie Verhoeven (born 16 May 1969) is a British illustrator and designer who has collaborated with brands such as Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , Versace (/wiki/Versace) and Peter Jensen (/wiki/Peter_Jensen_(fashion_designer)) . While she is recognised primarily for her work in fashion, she has also contributed illustrations to books, magazines and album covers. Her work has been widely exhibited, including at London's Hayward Gallery (/wiki/Hayward_Gallery) . She is a design academic at both Central Saint Martins (/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins) and the Royal College of Art (/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art) . With recurring retro references – particularly to the 1970s and pop culture – her illustrations have been described as "whimsical" and "Rock & Roll meets rainbow". [1] (#cite_note-Indie_Williams-Akoto-1) [2] (#cite_note-Dazed_Digital_Davies-Crook-2) [3] (#cite_note-Mono_Ryalls-3) The Institute of Contemporary Arts (/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts) (ICA) noted that: "Her drawings, sculptures, assemblages, installations and video combine a rawness, at times reminiscent of punk, with a bewildering sensuality and a strong sense of colour and texture". [4] (#cite_note-ICA_Verhoeven-4) In a 2008 interview, she said: "For the moment I am doing artist/designer... I would like to be regarded as an artist eventually". [5] (#cite_note-EGS_Ward-5) In 2012, the Victoria & Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum) (V&A) acquired a large archive of her work (over 100 illustrations) for its permanent collection. [4] (#cite_note-ICA_Verhoeven-4) [6] (#cite_note-Modem-6) Background and early career [ edit ] Verhoeven studied fashion at Kent Institute of Art & Design (/wiki/Kent_Institute_of_Art_%26_Design) (now University for the Creative Arts (/wiki/University_for_the_Creative_Arts) ), graduating in 1987. [7] (#cite_note-Indie_Williams-7) [8] (#cite_note-ShowStudio_Verhoeven-8) She worked first as an assistant for John Galliano (/wiki/John_Galliano) , and later for Martine Sitbon (/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9) in Paris. [8] (#cite_note-ShowStudio_Verhoeven-8) In 2002, the Gibo by Julie Verhoeven fashion line was first shown at London Fashion Week (/wiki/London_Fashion_Week) , returning for the spring 2003 shows. [9] (#cite_note-Style.com_Mower-9) [10] (#cite_note-Vogue-10) [11] (#cite_note-WSJ_Rohwedder-11) Fashion collaborations [ edit ] Following Gibo, Verhoeven focused on consulting and design collaborations. She has worked with many major fashion brands, including Louis Vuitton, Versace, Kangol, Mulberry (/wiki/Mulberry_(company)) and H&M (/wiki/H%26M) . [12] (#cite_note-CAS-12) She also worked with Suzanne Clements and Inacio Ribeiro (/wiki/Clements_Ribeiro) during their design direction at Cacharel (/wiki/Cacharel) . [13] (#cite_note-GD_staff-13) Exhibitions [ edit ] Julie Verhoeven illustration for the exhibition Man enough to be a Woman , 2009 source: Playing Futures: Applied Nomadology Verhoeven's illustrations have been widely exhibited internationally, including MU, Eindhoven (/wiki/Eindhoven) and Vera Gliem, Cologne (/wiki/Cologne) . [12] (#cite_note-CAS-12) London exhibitions included Saint James's in Bloom at the Economist Plaza in 2006. [14] (#cite_note-CAS_St_James's-14) She has also delivered a presentation at the V&A and held an exhibition, Fannying Around , at the Hayward Gallery's space Concrete. [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-Southbank-16) In 2013, she designed the artwork and created an installation – Ladies Let's Rip! – for Bath in Fashion 2013 at the Holburne Museum (/wiki/Holburne_Museum_of_Art) . [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-Holburne_past_exibitions-18) 2014 activities included a collaborative exhibition with Jimmy Merris at Hordaland Art Centre, Bergen (/wiki/Bergen) . [19] (#cite_note-Hunger_TV-19) [20] (#cite_note-Hordaland-20) Academic role [ edit ] Verhoeven combines illustration projects and design collaborations with part-time teaching. She has been a tutor on the MA fashion course at Central Saint Martins since 1996 and teaches on the womenswear programme at the RCA (/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art) , where she is also an honorary fellow. [4] (#cite_note-ICA_Verhoeven-4) [21] (#cite_note-UAL-21) [22] (#cite_note-RCA-22) [23] (#cite_note-DT_staff-23) Selected publications [ edit ] A Bit of Rough , with text by Spaninks, Angelique (MU Gallery Eindhoven, 2009) Gasbook 13 (Gas As Interface Co, 2004) Fatbottomedgirls 003 , with text by Cole, Bethan (TDM. 2002) [8] (#cite_note-ShowStudio_Verhoeven-8) The Mystery of the Raddlesham Mumps, with text by Murray Lachlan Young (/wiki/Murray_Lachlan_Young) (Scotland Street Press, 2018) [24] (#cite_note-24) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Indie_Williams-Akoto_1-0) Williams-Akoto, Tessa (10 October 2007). "My Home: Into the world of fashion designer Julie Verhoeven" (https://www.independent.co.uk/property/house-and-home/my-home-into-the-world-of-fashion-designer-julie-verhoeven-396415.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Dazed_Digital_Davies-Crook_2-0) Davies-Crook, Susanna (2013). "Dazed art residency: Julie Verhoeven" (http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/14387/1/dazed-art-residency-julie-verhoeven) . Dazed Digital . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Mono_Ryalls_3-0) Ryalls, Matt (July 2011). "INTERVIEW: Julie Verhoeven" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141018195506/http://mono-zine.com/July_2011_page1.html) . No. 3. Mono. Archived from the original (http://mono-zine.com/July_2011_page1.html) on 18 October 2014 . Retrieved 6 July 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Culture Now: Julie Verhoeven" (http://www.ica.org.uk/whats-on/culture-now-julie-verhoeven) . ica.org . Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) . Retrieved 5 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-EGS_Ward_5-0) Ward, Rachel K. "Interview with Jule Verhoeven" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140714151125/http://www.egs.edu/faculty/rachel-ward/articles/interview-with-julie-verhoeven/) . egs.edu . The European Graduate School. Archived from the original (http://www.egs.edu/faculty/rachel-ward/articles/interview-with-julie-verhoeven/) on 14 July 2014 . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Modem_6-0) "Events / THE NETHERLANDS / Amsterdam: Julie Verhoeven" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140714193328/http://www.modemonline.com/art/events/6543-the-netherlands--amsterdam-julie-verhoeven) . modemonline.com . ModemOnline. Archived from the original (http://www.modemonline.com/art/events/6543-the-netherlands--amsterdam-julie-verhoeven) on 14 July 2014 . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Indie_Williams_7-0) Williams, Holly (22 September 2012). "My Secret Life: Julie Verhoeven, 43, fashion designer and illustrator" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/my-secret-life-julie-verhoeven-43-fashion-designer-and-illustrator-8157185.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b c biography Julie Verhoeven. "Julie Verhoeven" (http://showstudio.com/contributor/julie_verhoeven) . showstudio.com . ShowStudio . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Style.com_Mower_9-0) Mower, Sarah (17 February 2003). "Gibo: review" (http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/F2003RTW-GIBO/) . Style.com . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Vogue_10-0) staff (16 September 2002). "Spring/Summer 2003 Ready-to-Wear: Gibo" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/spring-summer-2003/ready-to-wear/gibo) . Vogue . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-WSJ_Rohwedder_11-0) Rohwedder, Ceciie (5 November 2004). "Clothing makers sew new labels" (https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB109961693637165662) . Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 6 July 2014 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Julie Verhoeven" (http://www.contemporaryartsociety.org/artist-members/julie-verhoeven/) . contemporaryartsociety.org . Contemporary Art Society . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-GD_staff_13-0) staff. "Clements Ribeiro's fashion evolution" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140714150047/http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/people/clements-ribeiro) . fashion people . Grazia Daily. Archived from the original (http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/people/clements-ribeiro) on 14 July 2014 . Retrieved 2 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-CAS_St_James's_14-0) "Economist Plaza Exhibition: Julie Verhoeven – Saint James's in Bloom" (http://www.contemporaryartsociety.org/event/economist-plaza-exhibition-julie-verhoeven-saint-jamess-in-bloom/) . contemporaryartsociety.org . Contemporary Art Society . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Peter Jensen and Julie Verhoeven: Diana Ross, Muses, Fashion" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140714144955/http://www.vam.ac.uk/whatson/event/3151/peter-jensen-and-julie-verhoeven-diana-ross-muses-fashion-4555/) . vam.ac.uk . V&A. Archived from the original (http://www.vam.ac.uk/whatson/event/3151/peter-jensen-and-julie-verhoeven-diana-ross-muses-fashion-4555/) on 14 July 2014 . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Southbank_16-0) "Julie Verhoeven: Fannying Around" (http://www.southbankcentre.co.uk/find/hayward-gallery-and-visual-arts/other-art-on-site/past/julie-verhoeven-fannying-around) . southbankcentre.co.uk . Southbank Centre . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Ladies Let's Rip! Julie Verhoeven creates bespoke installation for Bath in Fashion 2013" (http://channels.visitbath.co.uk/media/bath-news/2013/2/4/ladies-lets-rip-julie-verhoeven-creates-bespoke-installation-for-bath-in-fashion-2013-a629) . channels.visitbath.co.uk . Visit Bath . Retrieved 5 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Holburne_past_exibitions_18-0) "Ladies Let's Rip!" (http://www.holburne.org/ladies-let-s-rip-2/) . holburne.org . Holburne Museum . Retrieved 5 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hunger_TV_19-0) Staff (23 May 2014). "5 Minutes with Julie Verhoeven" (http://www.hungertv.com/feature/5-minutes-julie-verhoeven/) . Hunger TV . Retrieved 5 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hordaland_20-0) "Julie og og Jimmy curated by Lars Sture" (http://www.kunstsenter.no/en/julie-og-og-jimmy-kuratert-av-lars-sture) . www.kunstsenter.no . HordalandKunstsenter . Retrieved 6 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-UAL_21-0) "MA Fashion" (http://www.arts.ac.uk/csm/courses/postgraduate/ma-fashion/) . arts.ac.uk . UAL . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-RCA_22-0) "Julie Verhoeven" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140810084940/http://www.rca.ac.uk/more/staff/julie-verhoeven/) . rca.ac.uk . Archived from the original (http://www.rca.ac.uk/more/staff/julie-verhoeven/) on 10 August 2014 . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-DT_staff_23-0) staff (1 January 2009). "Julie Verhoeven exposed" (http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG4044894/Julie-Verhoeven-exposed.html) . Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 4 July 2014 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) "Scotland Street Press \| Bookstore \| Mystery of the Raddlesham Mumps" (https://www.scotlandstreetpress.com/product/mystery-of-the-raddlesham-mumps) . www.scotlandstreetpress.com . Retrieved 7 June 2022 . External links [ edit ] Julie Verhoeven website (https://web.archive.org/web/20141010043447/http://www.julieverhoeven.com/fashionmenu.htm) Profile at the Riflemaker Gallery (http://www.riflemaker.org/s-Julie%20Verhoeven) Verhoeven prints for Versace, spring '09 (http://www.patternpeople.com/verhoevens-visuals) Julie Verhoeven illustrations at Victoria & Albert Museum (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/search/?slug=verhoeven-julie&name=5228&offset=0) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International FAST (http://id.worldcat.org/fast/503962/) ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000078679616) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/32929718) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtX6j4cBGKBRmmMbX7rbd) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/124426689) United States (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2004003993) Artists MusicBrainz (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/7d22f73a-3bd2-4ee5-928b-3491a46eec8e) RKD Artists (https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/251052) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/176535918) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b8f7f4b65‐krfkl Cached time: 20240624074440 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.432 seconds Real time usage: 0.554 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2616/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 47646/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1130/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 12/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 94871/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.295/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6329798/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 518.264 1 -total 38.54% 199.742 1 Template:Reflist 34.75% 180.120 1 Template:Infobox_person 22.97% 119.068 10 Template:Cite_news 17.66% 91.547 1 Template:Authority_control 16.87% 87.446 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 11.94% 61.856 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 10.52% 54.518 14 Template:Cite_web 5.15% 26.684 1 Template:EngvarB 4.63% 24.007 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43229033-0!canonical and timestamp 20240624074440 and revision id 1223456316. 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Clothing portal (/wiki/Portal:Clothing) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) The main article for this category (/wiki/Help:Categories) is Undergarments (/wiki/Undergarments) . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Underwear (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Underwear) . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view Subcategories This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. A Activities in underwear (/wiki/Category:Activities_in_underwear) ‎ (4 P) B Underwear brands (/wiki/Category:Underwear_brands) ‎ (1 C, 74 P) C Children's underwear (/wiki/Category:Children%27s_underwear) ‎ (1 C, 6 P) F Foundation garments (/wiki/Category:Foundation_garments) ‎ (2 C, 7 P) H Hosiery (/wiki/Category:Hosiery) ‎ (2 C, 34 P) L Lingerie (/wiki/Category:Lingerie) ‎ (6 C, 45 P) S Socks (/wiki/Category:Socks) ‎ (55 P) Pages in category "Undergarments" The following 95 pages are in this category, out of 95 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . Underwear (/wiki/Underwear) B Bloomers (/wiki/Bloomers) Bloxers (/wiki/Bloxers) Boothose (/wiki/Boothose) Booty Pop (/wiki/Booty_Pop) Boxer briefs (/wiki/Boxer_briefs) Boxer shorts (/wiki/Boxer_shorts) Braies (/wiki/Braies) Bralessness (/wiki/Bralessness) Bralette (/wiki/Bralette) Breast binding (/wiki/Breast_binding) Briefs (/wiki/Briefs) C Cache-sexe (/wiki/Cache-sexe) Camisole (/wiki/Camisole) Chastity belt (/wiki/Chastity_belt) Chemise cagoule (/wiki/Chemise_cagoule) Cilice (/wiki/Cilice) Cloth diaper (/wiki/Cloth_diaper) Codpiece (/wiki/Codpiece) Compression garment (/wiki/Compression_garment) Cycling shorts (/wiki/Cycling_shorts) D Dance belt (/wiki/Dance_belt) Diaper (/wiki/Diaper) Dudou (/wiki/Dudou) F Farthingale (/wiki/Farthingale) Fatsuit (/wiki/Fatsuit) Footwrap (/wiki/Footwrap) Fundoshi (/wiki/Fundoshi) G G-string (/wiki/G-string) Gaff (clothing) (/wiki/Gaff_(clothing)) Girdle (undergarment) (/wiki/Girdle_(undergarment)) Going commando (/wiki/Going_commando) H Halterneck (/wiki/Halterneck) Hoop skirt (/wiki/Hoop_skirt) Hosiery (/wiki/Hosiery) I Incontinence underwear (/wiki/Incontinence_underwear) J Jockstrap (/wiki/Jockstrap) K Kacchera (/wiki/Kacchera) Kaupinam (/wiki/Kaupinam) Kirtle (/wiki/Kirtle) Knickerbockers (clothing) (/wiki/Knickerbockers_(clothing)) L Langota (/wiki/Langota) Lingerie (/wiki/Lingerie) Lise Charmel (/wiki/Lise_Charmel) Loincloth (/wiki/Loincloth) Long underwear (/wiki/Long_underwear) M Male bra (/wiki/Male_bra) List of male underwear models (/wiki/List_of_male_underwear_models) Maximum Absorbency Garment (/wiki/Maximum_Absorbency_Garment) Men's underwear index (/wiki/Men%27s_underwear_index) Merit Underwear Company (/wiki/Merit_Underwear_Company) N Namba (clothing) (/wiki/Namba_(clothing)) Northwestern Knitting Company Factory building (/wiki/Northwestern_Knitting_Company_Factory_building) O Onnara (/wiki/Onnara) Open drawers (/wiki/Open_drawers) Underwear as outerwear (/wiki/Underwear_as_outerwear) P Panchira (/wiki/Panchira) Pannier (clothing) (/wiki/Pannier_(clothing)) Pantalettes (/wiki/Pantalettes) Panties (/wiki/Panties) Panty line (/wiki/Panty_line) Panty raid (/wiki/Panty_raid) Panty tree (/wiki/Panty_tree) Period underwear (/wiki/Period_underwear) Perizoma (loincloth) (/wiki/Perizoma_(loincloth)) Plastic pants (/wiki/Plastic_pants) Poughkeepsie Underwear Factory (/wiki/Poughkeepsie_Underwear_Factory) R Richmond Underwear Company Building (/wiki/Richmond_Underwear_Company_Building) Rubber pants (/wiki/Rubber_pants) Russell Crowe's jockstrap (/wiki/Russell_Crowe%27s_jockstrap) S Sarashi (/wiki/Sarashi) Sleeveless shirt (/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt) Social impact of thong underwear (/wiki/Social_impact_of_thong_underwear) Sokgot (/wiki/Sokgot) Spaghetti strap (/wiki/Spaghetti_strap) Subligaculum (/wiki/Subligaculum) T Tap pants (/wiki/Tap_pants) Temple garment (/wiki/Temple_garment) Tights (/wiki/Tights) Training bra (/wiki/Training_bra) True Scotsman (/wiki/True_Scotsman) Tube top (/wiki/Tube_top) Tunica interior (/wiki/Tunica_interior) U Template:Undergarment (/wiki/Template:Undergarment) Underpants (/wiki/Underpants) Undershirt (/wiki/Undershirt) The Underwear Expert (/wiki/The_Underwear_Expert) Underwear Museum (/wiki/Underwear_Museum) Undie Run (/wiki/Undie_Run) Union suit (/wiki/Union_suit) W Wedgie (/wiki/Wedgie) Willy warmer (/wiki/Willy_warmer) Y Yalek (/wiki/Yalek) Yếm (/wiki/Y%E1%BA%BFm) Yoga pants (/wiki/Yoga_pants) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Undergarments&oldid=1127510760 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Undergarments&oldid=1127510760) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by function (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_function) Clothing by type (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_type) Hidden category: Commons category link from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata)
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This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Scandale_(company)&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Scandale+%28company%29&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Scandale+%28company%29) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Scandale_(company)) for suggestions. ( December 2021 ) Scandale Company type Women's clothing (Lingerie) Industry Retail Founded 1930 Founder Robert Perrier Key people Halle Berry, Erik Ryd Products Lingerie Website www.scandale.com Scandale is a French clothing designer credited with the invention of the girdle and the first company to mass-produce a product using the fabrics Lycra and Lastex (/wiki/Lastex) . [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) Their innovation greatly impacted the fashion industry and the way women around the world wore undergarments. [2] (#cite_note-2) They were also the first company to use illustrations in advertising, important to French culture, [1] (#cite_note-:3-1) and using contemporary French illustrators, artists, and photographers, like René Gruau (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gruau) (of Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) ), who also designed the iconic Scandale logo. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) 1930s - 1940s [ edit ] The brand was created in France (/wiki/France) in 1932 by textile supplier Robert Perrier (/wiki/Robert_Perrier) . [4] (#cite_note-4) In 1938, Scandale constructed an advanced manufacturing facility in France, with a pioneer workspace focusing on airflow, natural sunlight, and space planning, while featuring a pioneering R&D laboratory. In the early ’30s, the gained popularity quickly expanding into Lyon (/wiki/Lyon) , Marseille (/wiki/Marseille) , Nice (/wiki/Nice) , Brussels (/wiki/Brussels) , London (/wiki/London) , Turin (/wiki/Turin) , Cairo (/wiki/Cairo) , Madrid (/wiki/Madrid) , Beirut (/wiki/Beirut) , and New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . 1950s – 1960s [ edit ] Scandale retained popularity throughout the 1950s, [5] (#cite_note-5) incorporating Lycra (/wiki/Spandex) fabric in lingerie, most notably the “Avant-Garde” collection in the late 1950s, a second skin innovation. “Petit Scandale” was also introduced during this time, a superelastic tulle considered to be a supportive and light girdle at the market with tangible results. Scandale also introduced an inflatable bra, Very Secret, following its competitor La Resista. [6] (#cite_note-6) In the late 1960s, Scandale expanded its range through velvet and innovative panels, offering enhanced elasticity and movement, introducing the “Superélastique 211.” Scandale was also well known for its continuous collaborations with talented illustrators, artists, and photographers. The most iconic Scandale posters were created in 1952-1953 by René Gruau (/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gruau) (of Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) ) who also designed the iconic Scandale logo. [3] (#cite_note-:4-3) Scandale continues to grow in sales network and was one of the major trading companies in Europe until the 1990s [7] (#cite_note-7) 2000s [ edit ] Hop Lun, which was founded by Swedish entrepreneur Erik Ryd, purchased Scandale in 2008. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Scandale factory in 1930s In 2014 actress Halle Berry (/wiki/Halle_Berry) became a co-owner of Scandale and partnered with Target Department Store (/wiki/Target_Corporation) to distribute the brand. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-:2-11) Berry and Target also expanded its collection line with nightgowns and swimsuits added to the range. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) Scandale Paris was also expanded to Europe, Canada (/wiki/Canada) and Asia (/wiki/Asia) in late 2015. [14] (#cite_note-14) In 2017, Erik Ryd purchased back the majority shares of Scandale as a private investor. References [ edit ] ^ a b Sophie. "Corseterie: the forgotten one in the Lingerie field" (http://en.brandmemory.fr/corseterie.html) . Brandmemory UK . Retrieved 2021-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Chenoune, Farid (1999). Beneath it All: A Century of French Lingerie . Random House Incorporated. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-8478-2204-1 . ^ a b "Illustration & Brand Building" (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/halle-berry-reviving-scandale-lingerie) . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Photographes en Rhône-Alpes::Robert Perrier, président de la Foire de Lyon" (https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/BML:BML_01ICO00101591c05ca59619?&query%5B0%5D=isubjectperson:%22Perrier,%20Robert,%201899-1993%22&hitStart=1&hitPageSize=16&hitTotal=13) . numelyo.bm-lyon.fr . Retrieved 2021-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Story of Lingerie" (https://www.siamcostumes.com/cutters_guides/pdf/the_story_of_lingerie_(fashion_history_ebook).pdf) (PDF) . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "INTIMA'S ANNIVERSARY Back to 1957" (http://www.thebestofintima.com/en/magazine_detail/intimas_anniversary_back_to_1957-1551.html) . Intima Group . Retrieved 2021-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Whiteside, R. M.; Wilson, A.; Hörnig, S. E.; Wilson, C. P.; Blackburn, S. (2012-12-06). Major Companies of Europe 1990/91: Volume 1 Major Companies of the Continental Europe Economic Community . Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-94-009-0797-3 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) FR, FashionNetwork com. "Hop Lun reprend la lingerie Scandale" (https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/hop-lun-reprend-la-lingerie-scandale,20811.html) . FashionNetwork.com (in French) . Retrieved 2021-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) WW, FashionNetwork com. "Scandale gets a boost from its new Hong Kong-based owner" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/scandale-gets-a-boost-from-its-new-hong-kong-based-owner,226610.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 2021-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Halle Berry's Newest Scandale Collection is a Dream Come True" (https://corporate.target.com/article/2015/03/halle-berry-scandale-dream-collection) . Target Corporate . Retrieved 2021-01-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-:2_11-0) "Behind the Scenes at Halle Berry's Lingerie Line, Scandale Paris" (https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/scenes-halle-berrys-lingerie-line-scandale-paris/story?id=28823325) . ABC News . Retrieved 2021-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "Halle Berry Reveals New Scandale Lingerie Collection" (https://www.instyle.com/news/halle-berry-lingerie-collection-scandale) . InStyle . Retrieved 2021-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Scandale revient avec de la lingerie glamour chez Carrefour" (https://www.femmeactuelle.fr/mode/news-mode/scandale-carrefour-lingerie-edition-limitee-halle-berry-20708) . Femme Actuelle (in French). 4 March 2015 . Retrieved 2021-01-12 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Rose, La Vie en. "Halle Berry's lingerie line, Scandale Paris, now available in Canada exclusively at selected la Vie en Rose stores and laVieenRose.com" (https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/halle-berrys-lingerie-line-scandale-paris-now-available-in-canada-exclusively-at-selected-la-vie-en-rose-stores-and-lavieenrosecom-518038321.html) . www.newswire.ca . Retrieved 2021-01-12 . 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Ghanaian fashion designer This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Chloe_Asaam&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Chloe+Asaam&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Chloe+Asaam) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Chloe_Asaam) for suggestions. ( July 2022 ) Chloe Asaam is a fashion designer and program manager for the OR Foundation, [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) an organization focused on addressing fast fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) waste in Ghana (/wiki/Ghana) , such as markets like Kantamanto Market (/wiki/Kantamanto_Market) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) Her focus is on sustainable and handmade garments that capture the context of Ghana alongside larger fashion trends. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) She was highlighted by the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Tbilisi (/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Fashion_Week_Tbilisi) , [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) Mercedes Benz Fashion Week Accra, [7] (#cite_note-7) and The Fashion Atlas. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) She is originally from Kumasi (/wiki/Kumasi) . [3] (#cite_note-:0-3) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "The OR Foundation" (https://theor.org/team) . theor.org . Retrieved 2022-04-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "11 Women-Led African Fashion Brands Making a Global Impact" (https://www.okayafrica.com/african-brands-led-by-women/) . OkayAfrica . 2021-03-24 . Retrieved 2022-04-22 . ^ Jump up to: a b "Fashion Designer Chloe Asaam" (https://ghanawebshop.com/fashion-designer-chloe-asaam/) . Ghana Web Shop . 2021-10-28 . Retrieved 2022-04-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) Obasi, Chidozie (2020-11-12). "Destination wonder: a journey through Ghana's feelgood fashion world" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/nov/12/destination-wonder-a-journey-through-ghanas-feelgood-fashion-world) . the Guardian . Retrieved 2022-04-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Emerging designer dal Ghana: Chloe Asaam" (https://www.thefashionatlas.com/en/atlas_en/fashion-from-ghana-interview-with-chloe-asaam.php) . The Fashion Atlas . 2021-04-14 . Retrieved 2022-04-22 . ^ Jump up to: a b c "Chloe Asaam" (https://mbfwtbilisi.online/accra/chloe-asaam/) . Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Tbilisi Online . Retrieved 2022-04-22 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "At Accra Fashion Week, 5 Rising Talents Reflect on the Times" (https://www.surfacemag.com/articles/accra-fashion-week-2020/) . SURFACE . 2020-11-17 . Retrieved 2022-04-22 . External links [ edit ] Op-Ed on her experiences with textile waste in Ghana (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/textile-waste-ghana-or-foundation) This fashion (/wiki/Fashion) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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American clothing brand This article needs additional citations for verification (/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) . Please help improve this article (/wiki/Special:EditPage/Undrest) by adding citations to reliable sources (/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners) . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Undrest" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Undrest%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Undrest%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Undrest%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Undrest%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Undrest%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Undrest%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Undrest. is an American clothing brand owned by WEARUNDER, Inc. based in the Garment District of Downtown Los Angeles (/wiki/Downtown_Los_Angeles) , California. The company represents a growing group of clothing companies that embrace the idea of progressive (/wiki/Progressivism) labor policies that include production, development, and manufacturing all within the United States. Its main garment line consists of high end intimate apparels (/wiki/Intimate_apparel) made of 100% U.S. grown Su pima cotton (/wiki/Pima_cotton) , knit and manufactured in " sweatshop (/wiki/Sweatshop) free" garment contract facilities in Los Angeles, California. [1] (#cite_note-1) The main line includes babydolls (/wiki/Babydoll) , bedjackets (/wiki/Bedjacket) , boy shorts, camisoles (/wiki/Camisole) , chemises (/wiki/Chemise) , nightshirts (/wiki/Nightshirt) , panties (/wiki/Panties) , and bralettes (/wiki/Bra) . History [ edit ] Undrest. launched its first collection in January 2007 for the spring/summer 2007. Maria Paz Navales is the founder and designer. Her inspiration for the line comes from various elements such as a 1940s Austrian bodysuit (/wiki/Bodysuit) , colors inspired by Spanish flamenco (/wiki/Flamenco) posters from the 1930s, Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) magazine covers from the 1920s illustrated by artist/designer Erté (/wiki/Ert%C3%A9) , and from her travels to Rio de Janeiro (/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro) and São Paulo (/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo) , being exposed to the local lingerie fashions. [2] (#cite_note-2) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Holden, Cindy " undrest. Apparel to be Featured in MTV Movie Awards Gift Bag" (http://californianewswire.com/2008/05/29/CNW1497_011155.php) , California Newswire, 2008-05-29 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Bush, Jen. "Undress for Success-Lingerie with Samba Style", 944 Magazine, 2008-02-01 (http://www.undrest.com/press_images/944-2-08.html) External links [ edit ] Undrest. 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< User talk:Landofus (/wiki/User_talk:Landofus) Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) NA‑class Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. Brands (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Brands) NA‑class This page is within the scope of WikiProject Brands (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Brands) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of brands (/wiki/Brand) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Brands) and see a list of open tasks. Brands Wikipedia:WikiProject Brands Template:WikiProject Brands Brands articles NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_Brands_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. Arts (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Arts) NA‑class Arts portal (/wiki/Portal:Arts) This page is within the scope of WikiProject Arts (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Arts) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Arts (/wiki/Arts) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Arts) and see a list of open tasks. Arts Wikipedia:WikiProject Arts Template:WikiProject Arts WikiProject Arts articles NA (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_WikiProject_Arts_articles) This page does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐65b65867f9‐wrf7d Cached time: 20240716230800 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.008 seconds CPU time usage: 0.147 seconds Real time usage: 0.188 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 295/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13428/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 13/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13560/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.102/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1960145/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 154.174 1 -total 78.05% 120.331 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 14.70% 22.664 1 Template:WikiProject_Arts 7.09% 10.933 1 Template:WikiProject_Brands 2.31% 3.568 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:70296503-0!canonical and timestamp 20240716230800 and revision id 1076793138. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Landofus/sandbox&oldid=1076793138 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Landofus/sandbox&oldid=1076793138) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : NA-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles) NA-Class Brands articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_Brands_articles) NA-importance Brands articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_Brands_articles) WikiProject Brands articles (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Brands_articles) NA-Class WikiProject Arts articles (/wiki/Category:NA-Class_WikiProject_Arts_articles) WikiProject Arts articles (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Arts_articles) Hidden category: WikiProject banners without banner shells (/wiki/Category:WikiProject_banners_without_banner_shells)
American model RinRin Doll RinRin Doll on her YouTube channel in 2023 Born ( 1988-08-02 ) August 2, 1988 (age 35) Other names Lailah [1] (#cite_note-1) Alma mater University of California, Los Angeles (/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles) Occupations Model blogger YouTuber (/wiki/YouTuber) YouTube information Channels RinRin Doll (https://www.youtube.com/@rinrindoll) RinRin Doll Life in Japan (https://www.youtube.com/@rinrindolljapan) Years active 2009–present Genres Vlog (/wiki/Vlog) beauty (/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber) Subscribers 237.7 thousand Total views 20 million Creator Awards (/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards) 100,000 subscribers Last updated: September 10, 2023 Musical career Genres J-pop (/wiki/J-pop) Musical artist RinRin Doll (born August 2, [2] (#cite_note-mmn_2020-08-09-2) 1988 [3] (#cite_note-age-3) ) is an American model, blogger, and YouTuber (/wiki/YouTuber) based in Japan. RinRin Doll primarily models for Japanese alternative fashion (/wiki/Alternative_fashion) brands and publications, including Angelic Pretty (/wiki/Angelic_Pretty) and Kera (/w/index.php?title=Kera_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ja (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/KERA) ] . As an influencer (/wiki/Internet_celebrity) , she is also known for sharing beauty trends related to lolita fashion (/wiki/Lolita_fashion) and other parts of the kawaii (/wiki/Kawaii) culture in Japan. Career [ edit ] RinRin Doll first became interested in lolita fashion (/wiki/Lolita_fashion) in high school when her friend gifted her a copy of Gothic & Lolita Bible (/wiki/Gothic_%26_Lolita_Bible) from a trip in Japan. [4] (#cite_note-tokyoweekender_2023-09-11-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) She first modeled for the lolita fashion brand Angelic Pretty (/wiki/Angelic_Pretty) for their fashion show at Pacific Media Expo (/wiki/Pacific_Media_Expo) after one of her friends, who was also the organizer for the event, submitted an application for her without her knowledge. [6] (#cite_note-crunchyroll_2013-03-13-6) RinRin Doll left the United States to study abroad in Japan, where she reconnected with Angelic Pretty. [6] (#cite_note-crunchyroll_2013-03-13-6) She was recruited to become a model for the brand in 2009. [6] (#cite_note-crunchyroll_2013-03-13-6) [7] (#cite_note-billboard_2023-07-25-7) In addition to Angelic Pretty, RinRin Doll also modeled for the brand Alice Age and publications such as Kera (/w/index.php?title=Kera_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ja (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/KERA) ] and Gothic & Lolita Bible . [6] (#cite_note-crunchyroll_2013-03-13-6) [7] (#cite_note-billboard_2023-07-25-7) In 2015, RinRin Doll was signed onto Divine for her modeling activities. [8] (#cite_note-divine-8) Throughout her career, she maintained a blog (/wiki/Blog) and social media accounts on Facebook (/wiki/Facebook) , Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) , and Instagram (/wiki/Instagram) to document Japanese alternative fashion trends. [6] (#cite_note-crunchyroll_2013-03-13-6) She later joined YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) and has been active on that platform since. [7] (#cite_note-billboard_2023-07-25-7) She signed with Uuum (/wiki/Uuum) for her YouTube activities. [9] (#cite_note-9) Her appearances in magazines, social media, and conventions led her to become an influencer (/wiki/Internet_celebrity) for lolita and kawaii (/wiki/Kawaii) culture in Japan. [4] (#cite_note-tokyoweekender_2023-09-11-4) RinRin Doll appeared as a guest for several episodes of NHK Kawaii International before becoming the show's co-host. [10] (#cite_note-10) In 2016, she was partially credited for popularizing the " Momoko (/w/index.php?title=Momoko_Ogihara&action=edit&redlink=1) [ ja (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%BB%E5%8E%9F%E6%A1%83%E5%AD%90) ] make-up" trend. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2018, RinRin Doll left Uuum and signed with the talent management company Breaker for her YouTube activities. [12] (#cite_note-nikkan_2018-11-06-12) In April 2020, she went freelance after the COVID-19 pandemic (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic) affected her job opportunities. [13] (#cite_note-tokyoscope_2023-09-21-13) She stated in a 2023 interview that during the pandemic, she worked as a VTuber (/wiki/VTuber) . [13] (#cite_note-tokyoscope_2023-09-21-13) Later in the year, RinRin Doll collaborated with Kawaii Monster Cafe to serve a drink based on her image for her birthday. [2] (#cite_note-mmn_2020-08-09-2) On June 30, 2023, RinRin Doll collaborated with Bonjour Suzuki to release the song "Carnival Dolls". [7] (#cite_note-billboard_2023-07-25-7) She co-wrote the lyrics to the song. [7] (#cite_note-billboard_2023-07-25-7) In September 2023, she made her first runway appearance at Tokyo Fashion Week for the brand Pays des Fées. [4] (#cite_note-tokyoweekender_2023-09-11-4) Personal life [ edit ] RinRin Doll is of Taiwanese descent. [12] (#cite_note-nikkan_2018-11-06-12) Before moving to Japan, RinRin Doll lived in Los Angeles, California, [6] (#cite_note-crunchyroll_2013-03-13-6) and graduated from University of California, Los Angeles (/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles) . [8] (#cite_note-divine-8) She is fluent in English, Mandarin Chinese, and Japanese. [14] (#cite_note-14) As a child, she learned how to play the piano, attaining a Certificate of Merit for the advanced level, [8] (#cite_note-divine-8) and the guzheng (/wiki/Guzheng) . [7] (#cite_note-billboard_2023-07-25-7) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "angeliclailah - Profile" (https://www.livejournal.com/userinfo.bml?user=angeliclailah) . LiveJournal (/wiki/LiveJournal) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916210554/https://www.livejournal.com/userinfo.bml?user=angeliclailah) from the original on September 16, 2023 . Retrieved September 10, 2023 . ^ a b "YouTuber RinRin Doll Collaborates With Harajuku's KAWAII MONSTER CAFE On New Drink" (https://www.moshimoshi-nippon.jp/346761) . Moshi Moshi Nippon . August 9, 2020. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210802033209/https://www.moshimoshi-nippon.jp/346761) from the original on August 2, 2021 . Retrieved September 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-age_3-0) "リンリンドール渋谷 2018-19AW" (https://www.fashion-press.net/snaps/5182) [RinRin Doll, Shibuya 2018-2019 Autumn/Winter]. Fashion Press (in Japanese). November 7, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916210554/https://www.fashion-press.net/snaps/5182) from the original on September 16, 2023 . Retrieved September 10, 2023 . Age: 30 Fashion Press [@fashionpressjp] (November 7, 2018). "ショルダーバックはマイケル・コース、トップスはシーロン - リンリンドールさんを撮影 [全6枚]" (https://x.com/fashionpressjp/status/1060152429210025984) [Shoulder bag from Michael Kors, top from Siiilon, photos of RinRin Doll (total: 6)] ( Tweet (/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) ) (in Japanese) . Retrieved September 17, 2023 – via Twitter (/wiki/Twitter) . ^ a b c Low, Samantha (September 11, 2023). "Lolita Icon RinRin Doll on Fashion and New Endeavors" (https://www.tokyoweekender.com/art_and_culture/rinrin-doll-lolita-icon/) . Tokyo Weekender (/wiki/Tokyo_Weekender) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20231006070923/https://www.tokyoweekender.com/art_and_culture/rinrin-doll-lolita-icon/) from the original on October 6, 2023 . Retrieved October 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Inoue, Mika (March 28, 2024). "Based in Japan: RinRin Doll" (https://metropolisjapan.com/based-in-japan-rinrin-doll/) . Metropolis (/wiki/Metropolis_(free_magazine)) . Retrieved June 10, 2024 . ^ a b c d e f Macias, Patrick (March 13, 2013). "FEATURE: The RinRin Doll Interview!" (https://www.crunchyroll.com/news/features/2013/3/3/feature-the-rinrin-doll-interview) . Crunchyroll (/wiki/Crunchyroll) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916210552/https://www.crunchyroll.com/news/features/2013/3/3/feature-the-rinrin-doll-interview) from the original on September 16, 2023 . Retrieved September 10, 2023 . ^ a b c d e f Okamoto, Takayuki (July 25, 2023). "Bonjour Suzuki & RinRin Doll Share Their Message to the World Through Lolita Fashion: Interview" (https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/bonjour-suzuki-rinrin-doll-interview-lolita-fashion-1235379024/) . Billboard (/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230803025613/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/bonjour-suzuki-rinrin-doll-interview-lolita-fashion-1235379024/) from the original on August 3, 2023 . Retrieved September 10, 2023 . ^ a b c "RinRin « DIVINE" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151110002757/http://www.divinejpn.com/rinrin.html) . Divine . Archived from the original (http://www.divinejpn.com/rinrin.html) on November 10, 2015 . Retrieved September 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Zipper AUTUMN号にRinRin Dollのインタビューが掲載！" (https://uuum.jp/posts/5699) [Interview with RinRin Doll in the Autumn issue of Zipper !]. Uuum (/wiki/Uuum) (in Japanese). September 16, 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230131064158/https://uuum.jp/posts/5699) from the original on January 31, 2023 . Retrieved September 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Kawaii International: Celebrating 9 years of Cuteness!" (https://the-comm.online/blog/kawaii-international-celebrating-9-years-of-cuteness/) . The Comm . March 15, 2021. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230602192351/https://the-comm.online/blog/kawaii-international-celebrating-9-years-of-cuteness/) from the original on June 2, 2023 . Retrieved September 10, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Thomas, Jessica (March 29, 2016). "You Have To See The Latest Japanese Beauty Trend" (https://www.bustle.com/articles/150900-what-is-momoko-makeup-how-to-recreate-the-latest-japanese-beauty-trend) . Bustle (/wiki/Bustle_(magazine)) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20220527195128/https://www.bustle.com/articles/150900-what-is-momoko-makeup-how-to-recreate-the-latest-japanese-beauty-trend) from the original on May 27, 2022 . Retrieved September 10, 2023 . ^ a b "日本最大の外国人ユーチューバー事務所ブレイカー、モデル/MCとしても活躍する台湾系アメリカ人「RinRin Doll」と専属契約を締結" (https://www.nikkan.co.jp/releases/view/79048) [Taiwanese-American model and MC RinRin Doll signs with Breaker, Japan's largest agency for YouTubers from overseas]. Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (/wiki/Nikkan_Kogyo_Shimbun) (in Japanese). November 6, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230916210554/https://www.nikkan.co.jp/releases/view/79048) from the original on September 16, 2023 . Retrieved September 10, 2023 . ^ a b Macias, Patrick (September 21, 2023). "FEATURE: Lolita in Wonderland - The RinRin Doll Interview!" (https://www.tokyoscope.blog/p/feature-lolita-in-wonderland-the) . Tokyoscope . Retrieved October 5, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "RINRIN Doll" (https://www.fakestarusa.com/rinrin-doll) . Fake Star USA . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20230327142801/https://www.fakestarusa.com/rinrin-doll) from the original on March 27, 2023 . 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Italian shoe designer (1935–2020) This article is about the person. For the company named after him, see Sergio Rossi (/wiki/Sergio_Rossi) . Sergio Rossi Born ( 1935-07-31 ) 31 July 1935 San Mauro Pascoli (/wiki/San_Mauro_Pascoli) , Italy Died 2 April 2020 (2020-04-02) (aged 84) Cesena (/wiki/Cesena) , Italy Occupation Fashion designer Years active 1951–2020 Known for Sergio Rossi (/wiki/Sergio_Rossi) brand Sergio Rossi (31 July 1935 – 2 April 2020) was an Italian shoe designer, who founded his own brand (/wiki/Sergio_Rossi) . [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) Biography [ edit ] Rossi was born in San Mauro Pascoli (/wiki/San_Mauro_Pascoli) in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. He worked with his father, a shoemaker, and learned the trade. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In 1951, he opened his first shoe store. He also made sandals and sold them to beach-goers in Rimini (/wiki/Rimini) and at Bologna (/wiki/Bologna) boutiques. In 1968, the first shoes, marked with the Rossi brand, were produced. Each pair of shoes took at least 14 hours to make and went through 120 different stages. They were seen on runways for Gianni Versace (/wiki/Gianni_Versace) , Azzedine Alaia (/wiki/Azzedine_Ala%C3%AFa) and Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) . He first gained attention in 1960 when film director Federico Fellini (/wiki/Federico_Fellini) used his shoe for actress Anita Ekberg (/wiki/Anita_Ekberg) in La Dolce Vita (/wiki/La_Dolce_Vita) . [2] (#cite_note-2) In 1999, his brand was sold to the Gucci Group, known now as Kering (/wiki/Kering) for $96.2 million. [3] (#cite_note-3) It was then sold by Kering to Investindustrial (/wiki/Investindustrial) in 2015. [1] (#cite_note-:0-1) In March 2020, Rossi and his company donated € (/wiki/Euro_sign) 100,000 to the Ospedale Luigi Sacco (/wiki/Ospedale_Luigi_Sacco) in Milan (/wiki/Milan) , in a joint effort from the fashion industry to combat the coronavirus pandemic in Italy (/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy) . [4] (#cite_note-4) Family [ edit ] Rossi's son, Gianvito Rossi, created his own footwear collection in 2006. [5] (#cite_note-5) Death [ edit ] On 2 April 2020, Rossi died in Cesena (/wiki/Cesena) at the Maurizio Bufalini Hospital from COVID-19 (/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019) at the age of 84. [6] (#cite_note-:1-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Bramley, Ellie Violet (3 April 2020). "Italian shoe designer, Sergio Rossi, dies aged 84" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/03/italian-shoe-designer-sergio-rossi-dies-aged-84) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 5 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Sergio Rossi, the legendary Italian shoe designer, dies at 84" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/remembering-sergio-rossi) . British Vogue . 3 April 2020 . Retrieved 5 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Friedman, Vanessa (6 April 2020). "Sergio Rossi, Italian Shoemaker and Ready-to-Wear Ally, Dies at 84" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/obituaries/sergio-rossi-dead-coronavirus.html) . The New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) . Retrieved 30 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) In the Face of a Global Crisis, What Is the Fashion Industry Doing? (https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/intelligence/in-the-face-of-a-global-crisis-what-is-the-fashion-industry-doing) ^ (#cite_ref-5) Yotka, Steff (3 April 2020). "Legendary Shoe Designer Sergio Rossi Dies From COVID-19 Complications" (https://www.vogue.com/article/legendary-shoe-designer-sergio-rossi-dies-from-covid-19-complications) . Vogue . Retrieved 5 April 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-:1_6-0) Abel, Katie; Zargani, Luisa (3 April 2020). "Sergio Rossi Dies at 84" (https://wwd.com/accessories-news/footwear/footwear-legend-sergio-rossi-dies-84-coronavirus-1203553603/) . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Messia, Hada; Mendonca, Duarte; Woodyatt, Amy (4 April 2020). "Sergio Rossi, 'master' Italian shoe designer, dies of coronavirus complications at 84" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/sergio-rossi-intl-scli/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 5 April 2020 . Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International ISNI (https://isni.org/isni/0000000001395551) VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/71654473) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgXbjJ43H9KMbBKyWbyBP) National France (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146551050) BnF data (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146551050) Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/119531496) Other IdRef (https://www.idref.fr/147785804) This Italian artist–related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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German fashion journalist Dorothea Melis Born Dorothea Voigt ( 1938-02-22 ) 22 February 1938 Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) , Germany (/wiki/Nazi_Germany) Died 29 June 2015 (2015-06-29) (aged 113) Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) , Germany Alma mater Berlin-Weißensee Visual and Applied Arts academy (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunsthochschule_Berlin-Wei%C3%9Fensee) Occupation Fashion journalist Spouse(s) 1957: Axel Bertram (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Bertram) 1970: Roger Melis (/wiki/Roger_Melis) (1940–2009) Children Dr. Mathias Bertram (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Bertram) Awards "Prix Ricard" (2000) Villa Medici (/wiki/French_Academy_in_Rome) artist in residence (2002–2003) Dorothea Melis (born Dorothea Voigt: 22 February 1938 – 29 June 2015) was a German fashion journalist. [1] (#cite_note-DMlautHHAB-1) [2] (#cite_note-DMlautTH01-2) [3] (#cite_note-DMlautTH02-3) Life [ edit ] Early years [ edit ] Dorothea Voigt was born in Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) . Her father worked as an architect. [4] (#cite_note-DBlautMZ-4) She grew up with her family in Berlin (/wiki/Berlin) 's Weissensee quarter (/wiki/Weissensee_(Berlin)) , ending up after the war (/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe) in the Soviet occupation zone (/wiki/Soviet_occupation_zone) , which would be relaunched in October 1949 as the Soviet sponsored (/wiki/Group_of_Soviet_Forces_in_Germany) German Democratic Republic (/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic) (East Germany). She studied fashion and design at the Berlin-Weißensee Visual and Applied Arts academy (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunsthochschule_Berlin-Wei%C3%9Fensee) . [1] (#cite_note-DMlautHHAB-1) At the end of the course students were required to submit a dissertation. Voigt completed her degree in 1960 with a dissertation that was savagely critical of East Germany (/wiki/East_Germany) 's popular fashion magazine, "Sibylle" (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylle_(Zeitschrift)) which had been founded in 1956, a few years earlier: [2] (#cite_note-DMlautTH01-2) she was repelled by the publication's staid fashions, its pathetic poses and its housewifely approach. [5] (#cite_note-DMlautND-5) Margot Pfannstiel (/wiki/Margot_Pfannstiel) , editor-in-chief at "Sibylle" (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylle_(Zeitschrift)) , became aware of Dorothea's dissertation and spotted an opportunity. The women met: "I've read your work: it's most interesting. If you know it all with such clarity, then start here. Do [the fashion section] yourself, and make it better" ( "Ich habe Ihre Arbeit gelesen, ist ja interessant. Wenn Sie alles so genau wissen, dann fangen Sie mal hier an. Und machen das mal, und zwar besser." ) [2] (#cite_note-DMlautTH01-2) In 1961 the 23-year-old was recruited to the magazine, mandated to create a modern socialist image for women. [5] (#cite_note-DMlautND-5) Sibylle [ edit ] "Back then women were so much more creative than they are today: they'd take the cotton we were getting from somewhere like Uzbekistan and dye or embroider it to rework classic looks we'd seen tourists wearing, on television or in magazines from the West. .... we'd have one editor, one photographer and two models on an average photo shoot. We had to do everything ourselves, there was no huge team like they have today. We'd all have to double up. The editor would do the girls' make-up, the photographer would also be the driver. It was a very intense experience." [6] (#cite_note-ExqulautJP-6) Dorothea Melis recalling her time with Sibylle (/wiki/Sibylle_(magazine)) in conversation with the photographer Günter Rubitzsch, quoted by Jane Paulick [6] (#cite_note-ExqulautJP-6) Dorothea Voigt married the graphic artist and illustrator Axel Bertram (/wiki/Axel_Bertram) in 1957. [7] (#cite_note-DBvolgensAtF-7) By the time the marriage ended in 1961 it had produced a son (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Bertram) who stayed with his mother after the parents parted. By the time she died Dorothea would also be a grandmother. [2] (#cite_note-DMlautTH01-2) It was as Dorothea Bertram that she headed up Sibylle (/wiki/Sibylle_(magazine)) ' s fashion department between 1961 and 1970. Recruiting a new generation of photographers such as, most notably, Arno Fischer (/wiki/Arno_Fischer) , Günter Rössler (/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_R%C3%B6ssler) and Roger Melis (/wiki/Roger_Melis) , she worked to define a new concept in fashion, based around the theme of a modern, self-assured, educated working woman, integrated into contemporary culture. [8] (#cite_note-SyblautMP-8) Sources credit her with having introduced the mini-skirt (/wiki/Mini-skirt) to the German Democratic Republic (/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic) in 1967. [4] (#cite_note-DBlautMZ-4) Despite her iconic status [1] (#cite_note-DMlautHHAB-1) the head of fashion at Easy Germany's fashion magazine was still subject to some of the usual constraints. When she turned up to work wearing an elegant pair of jeans (/wiki/Jeans) , the editor in chief asked her firmly not to wear "these American pants ... for work" ( "... bitte nicht im Betrieb, mit diesen amerikanischen Hosen" ). [2] (#cite_note-DMlautTH01-2) Towards the end of the decade there was a change at the top of Sibylle , when Margot Pfannstiel (/wiki/Margot_Pfannstiel) moved on, succeeded as editor in chief by Yvonne Freyer (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvonne-Ruth_Killmer) , "a party loyalist", [2] (#cite_note-DMlautTH01-2) in October 1968. [9] (#cite_note-Ende60erlautCL-9) Ingeburg Lange (/wiki/Ingeburg_Lange) , as chair of Women's Commission of the powerful Party Central Committee ( (/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany#Central_Committee) "Frauenkommission des Zentralkomitees" ) (/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany#Central_Committee) was by now speaking out in favour of a switch to a "more popular approach" for the magazine, and the pages increasingly prioritised "arts and crafts" and folkloric themes. [9] (#cite_note-Ende60erlautCL-9) The "advice column" section expanded. [9] (#cite_note-Ende60erlautCL-9) As the fashion photographer Ute Mahler (/wiki/Ute_Mahler) later recalled, there was nothing so simple as state censorship. [9] (#cite_note-Ende60erlautCL-9) "We always did what we wanted. The trouble came afterwards, if we had not aligned our ideas of beauty and fashion with those of the Women's Commission of the Central Committee." The result was a growing level of self-censorship and frustration. [9] (#cite_note-Ende60erlautCL-9) Dorothea Bertram left "Sibylle" (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylle_(Zeitschrift)) in 1970. [1] (#cite_note-DMlautHHAB-1) VEB Exquisit [ edit ] Dorothea Bertram was a huge admirer of the work of the fashion photographer Roger Melis (/wiki/Roger_Melis) , [10] (#cite_note-SibuRMlautDM-10) [11] (#cite_note-RMlautMB-11) and in 1970 the two of them were married. [3] (#cite_note-DMlautTH02-3) Between 1970 and 1990 – now with her considerable reputation secured in the East German fashion world – Dorothea Melis worked for the upmarket clothing retail chain VEB Exquisit (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exquisit-Laden) . [12] (#cite_note-Spiegel481962-12) The business had been established in 1962 by order of the Council of Ministers (/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_East_Germany) , through a conviction, they said, that East German citizens should be able to obtain luxury goods without being forced to involve themselves (illegally) in using western money (known colloquially as (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westgeld) "Westgeld" ) (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westgeld) . [12] (#cite_note-Spiegel481962-12) Dorothea Melis was responsible for press and public relations. [6] (#cite_note-ExqulautJP-6) This also involved organising fashion shows. [4] (#cite_note-DBlautMZ-4) The company sold high-quality modern clothing, much of it imported, [2] (#cite_note-DMlautTH01-2) which was differentiated from more mainstream "off-the-peg" fashion products through its sophisticated design concepts and its insistence on high-quality manufacturing. In some ways the business expanded beyond its original niche: sources claim that at its peak, with 44 outlets, it accounted for almost 30% of East Germany's clothing sales by value. [2] (#cite_note-DMlautTH01-2) Beyond the change [ edit ] After several years during which the winds of Glasnost (/wiki/Glasnost) blowing across from, of all places, Moscow (/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin) , found a growing resonance in East German cities, in November 1989 (/wiki/Die_Wende) street protestors broke through the Berlin Wall (/wiki/Berlin_Wall) . It very quickly became obvious that the Soviet troops had received no instructions to intervene, as they had back in 1953 (/wiki/Uprising_of_1953_in_East_Germany) , and the self-confidence of the political establishment rapidly crumbled. A succession of further events led, in March 1990, the East Germany's first (and, as matters turned out, last) free election (/wiki/East_German_general_election,_1990) . reunification (/wiki/German_reunification) took place a few months later, formally in October 1990. VEB Exquisit (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exquisit-Laden) failed to compete effectively with western retailers from, which quickly bought up most of its well positioned city centre retail outlets. Some of those who had worked for it proved themselves more adaptable to the changing times, however. Dorothea Melis's East German reputation initially counted for little in the new Germany, but it soon became obvious that not everyone wanted to forget the "socialist" version of Germany. In 1992 the first edition of Dorothea Melis' book "Sibylle. Modefotografien 1962–1994" appeared, [10] (#cite_note-SibuRMlautDM-10) and very quickly became acknowledged as the standard work on Fashion Photography in the German Democratic Republic (/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic) . [1] (#cite_note-DMlautHHAB-1) She was able to organise exhibitions of the work of photographers who had worked with her for "Sibylle" (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibylle_(Zeitschrift)) , such as Sibylle Bergemann (/wiki/Sibylle_Bergemann) . She gave lectures on fashion in the German Democratic Republic at the art colleges, wrote more books about the past and wryly observed the present. [3] (#cite_note-DMlautTH02-3) Dorothea Melis was predeceased by her second husband. In June 2015 she herself died, on a Monday, in Berlin aged 77, following a long illness. [4] (#cite_note-DBlautMZ-4) Output (selection) [ edit ] Sibylle. Modefotografie aus drei Jahrzehnten DDR. Verlag Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 1998. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3-89602-164-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89602-164-8) Die Berlinerin. Fotografien und Geschichten. Verlag Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2000. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 3-89602-341-1 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89602-341-1) Sibylle. Modefotografien 1962–1994. Lehmstedt Verlag, Leipzig 2010. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-937146-87-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-937146-87-4) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e "Mit Dorothea Melis stirbt ein Stück Modegeschichte der DDR" (https://www.abendblatt.de/vermischtes/promi-news/article205430007/Mit-Dorothea-Melis-stirbt-ein-Stueck-Modegeschichte-der-DDR.html) . Sie war die einflussreichste Moderedakteurin der ehemaligen DDR: Am Montag ist Dorothea Melis im Alter von 77 Jahren verstorben . Hamburger Abendblatt. 30 June 2015 . Retrieved 11 March 2018 . ^ a b c d e f g h Tina Hüttl (13 December 2009). "Intelligent und natürlich" (http://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/intelligent-und-natuerlich.1076.de.html?dram:article_id=175961) . Deutschlandradio , Köln . Retrieved 11 March 2018 . ^ a b c Tina Hüttl (22 May 2010). "Die moderne Ost-Frau" (http://www.sueddeutsche.de/leben/sozialistischer-lifestyle-die-moderne-ost-frau-1.880610) . Sie sollte das Frauenbild der DDR prägen. Diesen Auftrag erfüllte Dorothea Melis mit der beliebtesten Frauenzeitschrift der sozialistischen Republik : der Sibylle . Süddeutsche Zeitung (/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung) , München . Retrieved 11 March 2018 . ^ a b c d "Sie brachte den Minirock in die DDR Ex-"Sybille"-Redakteurin Dorothea Melis ist tot" (https://www.mz-web.de/kultur/sie-brachte-den-minirock-in-die-ddr-ex--sybille--redakteurin-dorothea-melis-ist-tot-1608830) . Mediengruppe Mitteldeutsche Zeitung GmbH & Co. , Halle/Saale. 30 June 2015 . Retrieved 12 March 2018 . ^ a b "Dorothea Melis 22. 2.1938 – 29. 6. 2015" (https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/976703.nachrufe.html) . Nachrufe . Neues Deutschland (/wiki/Neues_Deutschland) , Berlin. 4 July 2015 . Retrieved 11 March 2018 . ^ a b c Jane Paulick. "Rediscovering Fabulous Fashion Behind the Wall" (http://www.dw.com/en/rediscovering-fabulous-fashion-behind-the-wall/a-1982864) . Deutsche Welle, Köln . Retrieved 12 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-DBvolgensAtF_7-0) "Dorothea Melis" (http://www.addictedtofashion.nl/dorothea-melis/) . Addicted to Fashion . 22 December 2017 . Retrieved 12 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-SyblautMP_8-0) Marc Peschke (29 August 2017). "Wir haben Bilder gemacht, die uns wichtig waren" (https://kwerfeldein.de/2017/08/29/sibylle-mode-ddr/) . Modefotografie in der DDR, die mehr sein wollte als Abbildung, das war zumeist Fotografie, die in der „Sibylle" erschienen ist – einer Zeitschrift, die wie keine andere Mode als kulturelles Phänomen vorgestellt hat. Im Jahr 1956 erschien die erste Ausgabe der „Sibylle" und sie sollte über drei Dekaden die führende Modezeitschrift der DDR werden . Katja Kemnitz (kwerfeldein), Bonn . Retrieved 12 March 2018 . ^ a b c d e Carolin Loka (author) (2 September 2016). "Die Modefotografie in der Sibylle: Eine Zeitschrift für Mode und Kultur" (https://slidex.tips/download/kleidung-im-ddr-alltag-ein-studienprojekt-der-humboldt-universitt-zu-berlin-inst) . Ein Studienprojekt der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Europäische Ethnologie 2014–2015 . Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. pp. 21–22 . Retrieved 12 March 2018 . {{ cite web (/wiki/Template:Cite_web) }} : \|author1= has generic name ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name) ) ^ a b Dorothea Melis (2010). Sibylle: Modefotografien 1962–1994 (PDF) . Lehmstedt Verlag, Leipzig. pp. 5–13. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-937146-87-4 . Retrieved 12 March 2018 . {{ cite book (/wiki/Template:Cite_book) }} : \|work= ignored ( help (/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored) ) ^ (#cite_ref-RMlautMB_11-0) "Roger Melis – Nachlaß und Nutzungsrechte" (http://www.mathias-bertram.de/roger-melis.html) . Dr. Mathias Bertram (publisher-compiler (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Bertram) . Retrieved 12 March 2018 . ^ a b "Bei Madeleine" (http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-45124982.html) . Der Spiegel (/wiki/Der_Spiegel) (online). 28 November 1962 . Retrieved 12 March 2018 . 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French fashion designer (1847 – 1912) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Laferri%C3%A8re) in Swedish . (February 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL (https://deepl.com) or Google Translate (https://translate.google.com/) , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution (/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia) in the edit summary (/wiki/Help:Edit_summary) accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link (/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links) to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Swedish Wikipedia article at [[:sv:Madeleine Laferrière]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated\|sv\|Madeleine Laferrière}} to the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Madeleine_Laferri%C3%A8re) . For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation (/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation) . Madeleine Laferrière (1847 – 1912) was a French designer, best remembered for her fashion house Maison Laferrière in Paris (/wiki/Paris) , and for designing dresses for Queen Alexandra of Great Britain (/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark) and Queen Maud of Norway (/wiki/Maud_of_Wales) . [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Milford-Cottam, Daniel (10 February 2014). Edwardian Fashion . Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 7. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-7478-1476-4 . Retrieved 27 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Cole, Daniel James; Deihl, Nancy (24 August 2015). The History of Modern Fashion . Quercus. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-1-78067-797-2 . Retrieved 27 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Block, Elizabeth L. (19 October 2021). Dressing Up: The Women Who Influenced French Fashion . MIT Press. p. 209. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-0-262-36556-7 . Retrieved 27 February 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Evening Dress \| Madeleine Laferrière \| V&A Explore The Collections" (https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O15541/evening-dress-madeleine-laferriere/) . Victoria and Albert Museum (/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum) : Explore the Collections . Retrieved 27 February 2022 . This French biographical article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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French fashion house Maison Schiaparelli The entrance of the company at 21, place Vendôme in 2022. Founded Original: 1927 ; 97 years ago ( 1927 ) After dissolution: 1957 ; 67 years ago ( 1957 ) Revival: 2014 ; 10 years ago ( 2014 ) Founder Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) Defunct Original: 1954 ( 1954 ) Headquarters Paris, France (/wiki/Paris,_France) Key people Daniel Roseberry, Christian Lacroix Owner Diego Della Valle Website schiaparelli (http://schiaparelli.com) .com (http://schiaparelli.com) Maison Schiaparelli is a haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) house created by avant-garde Italian fashion designer Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) in 1927, [1] (#cite_note-nyt-roseberry-2019-1) and moving towards luxury ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) after being bought in 2007 by Diego Della Valle (/wiki/Diego_Della_Valle) . The house is famous for its eccentric fashions, the use of Surrealism (/wiki/Surrealism) in its collections, its sense of humour, the "shocking Pink" color, gender crossing, and its use of human anatomy depictions, among other unconventional themes. [2] (#cite_note-2) The style of the house has been described as "hard chic". [3] (#cite_note-3) The company is located at 21 Place Vendôme (/wiki/Place_Vend%C3%B4me) in Paris, France (/wiki/Paris,_France) . The current creative director has been Daniel Roseberry (/wiki/Daniel_Roseberry) since 2019. [4] (#cite_note-harpers-2021-4) Under Elsa Schiaparelli (1927–1954) [ edit ] Further information: Elsa Schiaparelli § Fashion career (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli#Fashion_career) Two Schiaparelli evening gowns. The left gown, from 1951, features Schiaparelli's signature colour, shocking pink. The right gown, featuring a whimsical butterfly print, is from 1937. Elsa Schiaparelli opened an atelier in Paris in 1927. Her early designs were relatively conservative, with a focus on knitwear. Her business grew over time, employing 400 employees by 1932. Already a long-time collaborator with Man Ray (/wiki/Man_Ray) , Schiaparelli began further collaborations with artists from the Surrealist movement (/wiki/Surrealist_movement) in the mid-1930s, including Salvador Dalí (/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD) , Jean Cocteau (/wiki/Jean_Cocteau) , and Leonor Fini (/wiki/Leonor_Fini) . During this period, she came into what would become her signature quirky, surrealistic aesthetic. After the Second World War, Schiaparelli's star dimmed, overtaken by new couture designers such as Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) . In 1954, the house declared bankruptcy. [5] (#cite_note-met-elsa-5) Elsa Schiaparelli created a new company in 1957 to sell her perfumes, which is the actual company today. [6] (#cite_note-SOCIETE-6) She also went on promoting the perfumes and giving lectures. [7] (#cite_note-7) Revival [ edit ] Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) wearing a Schiaparelli ball gown decorated with a large dove brooch to the 2021 inauguration of Joe Biden (/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden) , where she sang the national anthem (/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner) . Diego Della Valle (/wiki/Diego_Della_Valle) , chairman of Tod's Group (/wiki/Tod%27s_Group) , purchased the Schiaparelli perfumes company and the rights to the Schiaparelli brand in 2007. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) Diego Della Valle hired designer Christian Lacroix (/wiki/Christian_Lacroix) to create a collection for the house in 2013, though it failed to materialize. Valle later hired designer Marco Zanini (/wiki/Marco_Zanini) as creative director. [10] (#cite_note-nyt-2015-10) In 2014, the house presented its first clothes collection since 1954 under Zanini, and re-established its boutique at 21 Place Vendôme, on the first floor of the building which Elsa Schiaparelli (/wiki/Elsa_Schiaparelli) bought from Louise Chéruit (/wiki/Louise_Ch%C3%A9ruit) in 1935. [11] (#cite_note-bbc-rebirth-11) Zanini stepped down in November 2014, after having created two couture collections for the house. [12] (#cite_note-harpers-2014-12) In April 2015, Bertrand Guyon was named as the brand's new creative director, [13] (#cite_note-guyon-start-elle-13) and he showed his first collection in July. [14] (#cite_note-guardian-july-2015-14) In April 2019, it was announced that Guyon would be succeeded by Texas-born designer Daniel Roseberry (/wiki/Daniel_Roseberry) , [15] (#cite_note-harpers-roseberry-15) the first American to head a French couture house. [1] (#cite_note-nyt-roseberry-2019-1) While Guyon's collections were noted for frequent allusions to classic Schiaparelli designs (such as the lobster dress (/wiki/Lobster_dress) ), [16] (#cite_note-vogue-spring-17-16) Roseberry stated that he intended to avoid such literal references, drawing instead on the "spirit" of Elsa Schiaparelli. [17] (#cite_note-vogue-me-profile-17) The house was accepted into the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture (/wiki/Chambre_Syndicale_de_la_Haute_Couture) in 2017, becoming one of 15 fashion houses legally permitted to use the designation "haute couture". [18] (#cite_note-chambre-2017-18) It had previously been accepted as a "guest member" in 2013. [19] (#cite_note-chambre-2013-19) A tag from a vintage Schiaparelli design, using Elsa Schiaparelli's signature "shocking pink" Under Elsa Schiaparelli, the house was known for its avant-garde, surrealist (/wiki/Surrealist) style. Following the houses's revival, its designers have continued to pay homage to these characteristics, as well as Schiaparelli's signature shocking pink and iconic designs such as her lobster dress (/wiki/Lobster_dress) . [11] (#cite_note-bbc-rebirth-11) Under Daniel Roseberry, Schiaparelli has produced a number of high-profile celebrity garments. In December 2020, Kim Kardashian (/wiki/Kim_Kardashian) posted images to Instagram of herself wearing a green bodice with prominently sculpted abdominal muscles and large, bauble-like black and gold earrings, all designed by Schiaparelli. The outfit was widely discussed online, with Internet commentators playfully comparing Kardashian's appearance to the Hulk (/wiki/Hulk) and the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles) . [20] (#cite_note-grazia-kkw-20) [17] (#cite_note-vogue-me-profile-17) Similar designs with exaggerated sculpted muscles soon appeared in the house's Spring 2021 haute couture collection, which was shown in January 2021. [21] (#cite_note-paper-muscles-21) In January, singer Lady Gaga (/wiki/Lady_Gaga) wore a Schiaparelli ball gown decorated with a golden dove of peace (/wiki/Dove_of_peace) to the inauguration of Joe Biden (/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden) , where she performed the national anthem (/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner) . [22] (#cite_note-nyt-grammys-22) The New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) and Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) praised Schiaparelli as a breakout star of the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards (/wiki/63rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards) , for which they dressed Beyoncé (/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9) and Noah Cyrus (/wiki/Noah_Cyrus) . [22] (#cite_note-nyt-grammys-22) [23] (#cite_note-harpers-grammys-23) For the Spring Summer 2023 Haute Couture collection, the brand produced a series of gowns featuring shockingly lifelike 3D embroidery of animal heads such as a wolf, a leopard, and a lion notably worn by Kylie Jenner (/wiki/Kylie_Jenner) . [24] (#cite_note-24) According to Roseberry, the choice of animals was an allusion to Dante's Inferno (/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)) . The realism of the garments sparked fierce debate online among animal rights activists, however the pieces were constructed out of resin, foam, silk, and other non-fur materials. [25] (#cite_note-25) For Fall Winter 2023, Schiaparelli showed a ready-to-wear runway presentation for the first time since its revival. The collection was well-received by critics, who appreciated the distillation of motifs from the haute couture collections into more wearable garments and accessories. [26] (#cite_note-26) Schiaparelli ready-to-wear is sold in Harrods, Neiman Marcus, Bergdorf Goodman, and their Parisian headquarters on Place Vendôme. [27] (#cite_note-27) Artistic Directors [ edit ] 2013 : Christian Lacroix [28] (#cite_note-28) 2013 : Marco Zanini 2015 : Bertrand Guyon [29] (#cite_note-29) 2019 : Daniel Roseberry [30] (#cite_note-30) References [ edit ] ^ a b O'Grady, Megan (12 August 2019). "The Designer Ushering a Couture House Into a Brave New Era" (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/12/t-magazine/daniel-roseberry-schiaparelli.html) . New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "V&A · Elsa Schiaparelli" (https://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/elsa-schiaparelli) . Victoria and Albert Museum . Retrieved 24 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Elsa Schiaparelli \| Iconhouse" (http://www.iconhouse.com/article/icons/elsa-schiaparelli) . www.iconhouse.com . Retrieved 24 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-harpers-2021_4-0) Pieri, Kerry (15 March 2021). "Schiaparelli Becomes the Name to Wear on the Red Carpet After Last Night's Grammys" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/a35840884/schiaparelli-red-carpet/) . Harper's Bazaar . ^ (#cite_ref-met-elsa_5-0) Reeder, Jan (May 2011). "Elsa Schiaparelli (1890–1973)" (https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/elsa/hd_elsa.htm) . Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . ^ (#cite_ref-SOCIETE_6-0) "ELSA SCHIAPARELLI SAS (PARIS 1) Chiffre d'affaires, résultat, bilans - 572161123" (https://www.societe.com/societe/elsa-schiaparelli-sas-572161123.html) . www.societe.com . Retrieved 18 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) White, Palmer (1995). Elsa Schiaparelli, Empress of fashion . Aurum Press. p. 216. ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 1-85410-358-X . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "ELSA SCHIAPARELLI SAS (PARIS 1) Chiffre d'affaires, résultat, bilans sur SOCIETE.COM - 572161123" (https://www.societe.com/societe/elsa-schiaparelli-sas-572161123.html) . www.societe.com . Retrieved 24 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "Lacroix réveille Schiaparelli" (https://www.lemonde.fr/m-styles/article/2013/07/02/lacroix-reveille-schiaparelli_3440441_4497319.html) . Le Monde.fr (in French). 2 July 2013 . Retrieved 24 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-nyt-2015_10-0) Schneier, Matthew (7 July 2015). "Bertrand Guyon, on Learning Schiaparelli" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/07/fashion/schiaparelli-bertrand-guyon-paris-haute-couture-fall-2015.html) . New York Times . ^ a b Foreman, Liza (21 November 2018). "Poiret and Schiaparelli are among the old-world French brands making a stylish return" (https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20181121-the-rebirth-of-the-grand-fashion-houses) . BBC . ^ (#cite_ref-harpers-2014_12-0) Pieri, Kerry (7 November 2014). "Breaking News at Schiaparelli" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/a4302/marco-zanini-out-schiaparelli/) . Harper's Bazaar . ^ (#cite_ref-guyon-start-elle_13-0) "Schiaparelli ropes in Bertrand Guyon" (https://elle.in/article/schiaparelli-ropes-in-bertrand-guyon/) . Elle . 29 April 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-guardian-july-2015_14-0) Marriott, Hannah (6 July 2015). "Paris couture: Schiaparelli's triumphant display of organza, satin and 1940s chic" (https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/jul/06/paris-couture-schiaparellis-triumphant-display-of-organza-satin-and-1940s-chic) . The Guardian . ^ (#cite_ref-harpers-roseberry_15-0) Alexander, Ella (23 April 2019). "Schiaparelli names Daniel Roseberry as new artistic director" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a27234694/schiaparelli-daniel-roseberry-artistic-director/) . Harper's Bazaar . ^ (#cite_ref-vogue-spring-17_16-0) Menkes, Suzy (23 January 2017). "Suzy Menkes assesses Bertrand Guyon's revival of Schiaparelli" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/suzycouture-schiaparelli-spring-2017) . British Vogue . ^ a b Arnaut, Manuel (4 March 2021). "From NYC to Place Vendôme: Daniel Roseberry on Reviving Schiaparelli's Playful Spirit" (https://en.vogue.me/fashion/daniel-roseberry-schiaparelli-interview/) . Vogue Arabia . ^ (#cite_ref-chambre-2017_18-0) "Schiaparelli rises from fashion death to Paris haute couture" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/schiaparelli-rises-from-fashion-death-to-paris-haute-couture,768949.html) . Fashion Network . 3 January 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-chambre-2013_19-0) Cowles, Charlotte (6 November 2013). "Schiaparelli Confirms Couture Plans for January" (https://www.thecut.com/2013/11/schiaparelli-confirms-couture-plans-for-january.html) . The Cut . ^ (#cite_ref-grazia-kkw_20-0) O'Neill, Grace. "The Remarkable Story of Kim Kardashian's Couture Christmas Outfit" (https://graziamagazine.com/articles/kim-kardashian-schiaparelli-couture-christmas/) . Grazia Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-paper-muscles_21-0) Abad, Mario (25 January 2021). "Schiaparelli's Six Pack Is the Only Fitness Goal I Care About" (https://www.papermag.com/schiaparelli-six-pack-couture-2650128829.html) . Paper Magazine . ^ a b Friedman, Vanessa (15 March 2021). "Beyoncé and the Grammys' Breakout Fashion Star" (https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/15/style/beyonce-grammys-schiaparelli.html) . New York Times . ^ (#cite_ref-harpers-grammys_23-0) Pieri, Kerry (15 March 2021). "Schiaparelli Becomes the Name to Wear on the Red Carpet After Last Night's Grammys" (https://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/designers/a35840884/schiaparelli-red-carpet/) . Harper's Bazaar . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Dolan, Leah (23 January 2023). "Everything you need to know about Kylie Jenner's lion's head outfit" (https://www.cnn.com/style/article/kylie-jenner-lion-head-dress-schiaparelli-haute-couture-week/index.html) . CNN . Retrieved 9 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Del Rosario, Alexandra (23 January 2023). "Kylie Jenner just wore a dress decorated with a lion's head. Why is PETA so happy?" (https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2023-01-23/kylie-jenner-lion-head-dress-peta-schiaparelli-runway) . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 9 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) Kelly, Dylan (3 March 2023). "Schiaparelli FW23 Lets House Codes Win" (https://hypebeast.com/2023/3/schiaparelli-fall-winter-2023-collection-paris-fashion-week-runway) . Hypebeast . Retrieved 9 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Maison Schiaparelli - Our Boutiques" (https://www.schiaparelli.com/en/the-salons-boutique/all-our-boutiques/all-our-boutiques/) . www.schiaparelli.com . Retrieved 9 November 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Haute couture: Lacroix rend un hommage Elsa Schiaparelli" (https://www.lapresse.ca/vivre/mode/201307/02/01-4666958-haute-couture-lacroix-rend-un-hommage-elsa-schiaparelli.php) . La Presse (in French). 2 July 2013 . Retrieved 24 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Schiaparelli names Bertrand Guyon Director of Style - Crash" (https://www.crash.fr/bertrand-guyon-is-schiaparellis-new-director-of-style/) . www.crash.fr . Retrieved 24 January 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "Daniel Roseberry nommé directeur artistique de Schiaparelli" (https://www.vogue.fr/mode/article/daniel-roseberry-nomme-directeur-artistique-de-la-maison-de-couture-schiaparelli) . Vogue France (in French). 23 April 2019 . Retrieved 24 January 2022 . v t e Members of the Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode (/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_la_Haute_Couture_et_de_la_Mode) Members Adeline André (/wiki/Adeline_Andr%C3%A9) Alexandre Vauthier (/wiki/Alexandre_Vauthier) Alexis Mabille (/wiki/Alexis_Mabille) Bouchra Jarrar (/wiki/Bouchra_Jarrar) Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) Dior (/wiki/Dior) Frank Sorbier (/wiki/Frank_Sorbier) Giambattista Valli (/wiki/Giambattista_Valli) Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) Julien Fournié (/wiki/Julien_Fourni%C3%A9) Maison Margiela (/wiki/Maison_Margiela) Maurizio Galante Schiaparelli Stéphane Rolland (/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Rolland) Invited, foreign and guest members See: List of grands couturiers (/wiki/List_of_grands_couturiers) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐557d6f8488‐4kbls Cached time: 20240712174004 Cache expiry: 1664397 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.522 seconds Real time usage: 0.702 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3043/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 65588/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2785/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 119862/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.332/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7149060/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 648.256 1 -total 38.22% 247.765 1 Template:Reflist 26.53% 171.977 1 Template:Infobox_company 22.64% 146.776 1 Template:Infobox 17.84% 115.625 8 Template:Cite_news 14.90% 96.613 1 Template:Short_description 12.60% 81.650 1 Template:Grands_couturiers 12.29% 79.700 1 Template:Navbox 11.00% 71.320 17 Template:Cite_web 9.35% 60.616 8 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68388198-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712174004 and revision id 1212793316. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maison_Schiaparelli&oldid=1212793316 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maison_Schiaparelli&oldid=1212793316) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : High fashion brands (/wiki/Category:High_fashion_brands) Haute couture (/wiki/Category:Haute_couture) Clothing companies established in 1927 (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_established_in_1927) French companies established in 1927 (/wiki/Category:French_companies_established_in_1927) Hidden categories: CS1 French-language sources (fr) (/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from July 2023 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2023)
For the dress worn by women in the modern era for religious reasons, see swimming dress (/wiki/Swimming_dress) . 1870s American bathing dress A bathing dress was a mode of dress used for ladies' swimming/bathing activities during the 19th century. [1] (#cite_note-1) These bathing costumes originally included ankle length dresses, long pants, and long sleeves. Around the 1880s the sleeves and hemlines of these dresses were shortened to improve range of motion and general comfort. [2] (#cite_note-2) Uses and development [ edit ] As the 19th century progressed, women's "bathing" or swimming activities became increasingly popular. The use of the bathing machine (/wiki/Bathing_machine) provided greater privacy to bathers and reduced the need for complete modesty. [3] (#cite_note-3) Athletic activities such as swimming and bicycling became more socially acceptable, resulting in a need for a better range of motion and a reduction in the weight of the garment when wet. The bathing dress was popularly used up through the 1910s, eventually giving way to what we commonly see today as a swimsuit (/wiki/Swimsuit) , being closest to what we know as a one piece swimsuit (/wiki/One_piece_swimsuit) . Gallery [ edit ] A mid-19th Century Bathing Dress A lady bather wears a 1910 Bathing Dress See also [ edit ] Burqini (/wiki/Burqini) Swimming dress (/wiki/Swimming_dress) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Lansdell, A. Seaside Fashions 1860-1939. Buckingham, UK, 1990 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Kidwell, Claudia. Women’s Bathing and Swimming Costume in the United States. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1968 ^ (#cite_ref-3) Victoriana Magazine. Fashionable Bathing Suits . http://www.victoriana.com/library/Beach/FashionableBathingSuits.htm (http://www.victoriana.com/library/Beach/FashionableBathingSuits.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080106210211/http://www.victoriana.com/library/Beach/FashionableBathingSuits.htm) 2008-01-06 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Other Resources [ edit ] The Victoria and Albert Museum, London, UK http://vam.ac.uk (http://vam.ac.uk) The Fashion Institute of Technology Library Website https://web.archive.org/web/20100619133547/http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20100619133547/http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5b95665745‐gxpz8 Cached time: 20240624155010 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.063 seconds Real time usage: 0.097 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 144/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1136/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 77/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4323/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.019/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 891188/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 78.320 1 -total 50.10% 39.235 1 Template:For 34.60% 27.101 1 Template:Reflist 13.08% 10.245 1 Template:Webarchive 2.33% 1.821 1 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26839693-0!canonical and timestamp 20240624155010 and revision id 1212704934. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bathing_dress&oldid=1212704934 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bathing_dress&oldid=1212704934) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Swimsuits (/wiki/Category:Swimsuits) Dresses (/wiki/Category:Dresses) Hidden category: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)
Paintings of Jesus (/wiki/Jesus) being crowned with thorns (/wiki/Crown_of_thorns) . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐857789d7d5‐vwldm Cached time: 20240702140057 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.004 seconds Real time usage: 0.005 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 1/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:63566778-0!canonical and timestamp 20240702140057 and revision id 1221819973. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "Paintings of Christ Crowned with Thorns" The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . B Christ Crowned with Thorns (Bosch, El Escorial) (/wiki/Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns_(Bosch,_El_Escorial)) Christ Crowned with Thorns (Bosch, London) (/wiki/Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns_(Bosch,_London)) C The Crowning with Thorns (Caravaggio, Vienna) (/wiki/The_Crowning_with_Thorns_(Caravaggio,_Vienna)) Christ Crowned with Thorns (Annibale Carracci, Bologna) (/wiki/Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns_(Annibale_Carracci,_Bologna)) Christ Crowned with Thorns (Annibale Carracci) (/wiki/Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns_(Annibale_Carracci)) The Crowning with Thorns (Titian, Munich) (/wiki/The_Crowning_with_Thorns_(Titian,_Munich)) E Ecce Homo (Correggio) (/wiki/Ecce_Homo_(Correggio)) G Christ Crowned with Thorns (Guercino) (/wiki/Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns_(Guercino)) H Head of Christ (Correggio) (/wiki/Head_of_Christ_(Correggio)) Christ Crowned with Thorns (Heemskerck) (/wiki/Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns_(Heemskerck)) J Jesus Insulted by the Soldiers (/wiki/Jesus_Insulted_by_the_Soldiers) M The Man of Sorrows (Botticelli) (/wiki/The_Man_of_Sorrows_(Botticelli)) P The Passion of Christ (Strasbourg) (/wiki/The_Passion_of_Christ_(Strasbourg)) The Crowning with Thorns (Caravaggio, Prato) (/wiki/The_Crowning_with_Thorns_(Caravaggio,_Prato)) T The Crowning with Thorns (Titian, Paris) (/wiki/The_Crowning_with_Thorns_(Titian,_Paris)) V The Crowning with Thorns (van Dyck) (/wiki/The_Crowning_with_Thorns_(van_Dyck)) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Paintings_of_Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns&oldid=1221819973 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Paintings_of_Christ_Crowned_with_Thorns&oldid=1221819973) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Paintings of the Passion of Jesus (/wiki/Category:Paintings_of_the_Passion_of_Jesus) Torture in art (/wiki/Category:Torture_in_art) Crown of thorns (/wiki/Category:Crown_of_thorns)
1982 1983 (/wiki/Category:1983_clothing) 1984 1985 (/wiki/Category:1985_clothing) 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 (/wiki/Category:1991_clothing) 1992 1930s (/wiki/Category:1930s_clothing) 1940s (/wiki/Category:1940s_clothing) 1950s (/wiki/Category:1950s_clothing) 1960s (/wiki/Category:1960s_clothing) 1970s 1980s (/wiki/Category:1980s_clothing) 1990s (/wiki/Category:1990s_clothing) 2000s (/wiki/Category:2000s_clothing) 2010s (/wiki/Category:2010s_clothing) 2020s (/wiki/Category:2020s_clothing) 2030s NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6f54559974‐k5zvr Cached time: 20240719065258 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.109 seconds Real time usage: 0.188 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 144/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4044/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 105/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 37/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5517/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.080/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1031243/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 179.769 1 -total 88.68% 159.428 1 Template:Navseasoncats_with_decades_below_year 7.49% 13.460 1 Template:CatAutoTOC 4.84% 8.693 1 Template:Category_other 3.85% 6.927 1 Template:Automatic_category_TOC/core 2.71% 4.865 2 Template:Title_year 1.01% 1.812 1 Template:DECADE 0.84% 1.515 1 Template:Template_other 0.61% 1.104 1 Template:Clear Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56899269-0!canonical and timestamp 20240719065258 and revision id 982830657. Rendering was triggered because: page-view Pages in category "1987 clothing" This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#Why_might_a_category_list_not_be_up_to_date?) . V Vanitas: Flesh Dress for an Albino Anorectic (/wiki/Vanitas:_Flesh_Dress_for_an_Albino_Anorectic) esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1987_clothing&oldid=982830657 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:1987_clothing&oldid=982830657) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing by year (/wiki/Category:Clothing_by_year) 1987 works (/wiki/Category:1987_works) 1980s clothing (/wiki/Category:1980s_clothing) Hidden categories: Category series navigation year and decade (/wiki/Category:Category_series_navigation_year_and_decade) Automatic category TOC generates no TOC (/wiki/Category:Automatic_category_TOC_generates_no_TOC)
British footwear and accessories retailer The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)) . Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources (/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) that are independent (/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources) of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged (/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging) , redirected (/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect) , or deleted (/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy) . Find sources: "Kurt Geiger" (https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kurt+Geiger%22) – news (https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kurt+Geiger%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · newspapers (https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kurt+Geiger%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · books (https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kurt+Geiger%22+-wikipedia) · scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kurt+Geiger%22) · JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kurt+Geiger%22&acc=on&wc=on) ( August 2022 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Kurt Geiger The Kurt Geiger headquarters building in Clerkenwell Company type Private (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Footwear (/wiki/Footwear) and Accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) Retailing (/wiki/Retail) Founded 1963 ; 61 years ago ( 1963 ) Founder Kurt Geiger Headquarters London (/wiki/London) , England, UK Number of locations 70+ Area served Worldwide Key people Rebecca Farrar-Hockley ( Creative Director (/wiki/Creative_Director) ) Products Kurt Geiger London, KG Kurt Geiger, Miss KG, Carvela and Mini Miss KG Revenue £260 million (2014) [1] (#cite_note-Company_Acquisition-1) Owner Cinven (/wiki/Cinven) Number of employees 1700 [1] (#cite_note-Company_Acquisition-1) Website www (https://www.kurtgeiger.com) .kurtgeiger (https://www.kurtgeiger.com) .com (https://www.kurtgeiger.com) Kurt Geiger is a luxury British (/wiki/United_Kingdom) footwear (/wiki/Footwear) and accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessory) brand. Kurt Geiger has around 70 stores, and multiple concessions within department stores, including Harrods (/wiki/Harrods) and Selfridges (/wiki/Selfridges) . Kurt Geiger owns three brands Kurt Geiger London, KG Kurt Geiger and Carvela, created by its in-house team. [2] (#cite_note-2) The Kurt Geiger headquarters is located on Britton Street, Clerkenwell (/wiki/Clerkenwell) , London (/wiki/London) . The building, originally dating from the 1970s, was remodelled in 2009 by Archer Architects (/w/index.php?title=Archer_Architects&action=edit&redlink=1) and is finished in a distinctive red, described as Pompean Red. [3] (#cite_note-3) Kindness Mission: Kindness is an important part of the Kurt Geiger brand. Kindness-inspired initiatives by the company include supporting footwear specialist college, Cordwainers, in 2013, Save The Children during Christmas 2017, and supporting the NHS throughout the COVID-19 pandemic by donating around £1 million of support. Kurt Geiger launched a new charity in September 2022, the Kindness Foundation, dedicated to giving young people the resources needed to enter creative industries. The main aim of the charity is to make creative roles more accessible for young people, particularly those from marginalised communities. The Kindness Foundation aims to raise £1 million annually. These funds will be re-distributed into charity programmes to support young individuals. The Kindness Foundation is funded through the purchases made by Kurt Geiger customers. For every eligible online and in-store purchase, Kurt Geiger will make a donation of at least £1 to the Kindness Foundation. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) The Kindness Foundation: Kurt Geiger launched the Kindness Foundation in September 2022, a charity dedicated to giving young people the resources needed to enter creative industries. The main goal of the charity is to make creative roles more accessible for young individuals, particularly those from marginalised communities. [5] (#cite_note-5) The Kindness Foundation aims to raise £1 million annually. These funds will be re-distributed into charity programmes to support young individuals. The Kindness Foundation is funded through the purchases made by Kurt Geiger customers. For every eligible online and in-store purchase, Kurt Geiger will make a donation of at least £1 to the Kindness Foundation. [4] (#cite_note-:0-4) History [ edit ] The company is named after its Austrian (/wiki/Austria) founder. After a management buyout in 2008, it was sold by Graphite Capital (/wiki/Graphite_Capital) to the U.S.-based brand management (/wiki/Brand_management) company The Jones Group (/wiki/The_Jones_Group) in 2011. In 2014, the Jones Group was acquired by Sycamore Partners (/wiki/Sycamore_Partners) , who spun off Kurt Geiger into its own company. [6] (#cite_note-6) In December 2015, London-based private equity firm Cinven (/wiki/Cinven) acquired Kurt Geiger from its previous owner, New York (/wiki/New_York_City) -based private equity (/wiki/Private_equity) firm Sycamore Partners (/wiki/Sycamore_Partners) , for £245 million. [1] (#cite_note-Company_Acquisition-1) In October 2023, Kurt Geiger opened two stores in Mexico City (/wiki/Mexico_City) , one in the business district of Santa Fe (/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Mexico_City) and another in the shopping mall Perisur. [7] (#cite_note-7) References [ edit ] ^ Jump up to: a b c Grandhi, K (2015-12-14). "Footwear retailer Kurt Geiger acquired by Cinven from Sycamore Partners" (http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/footwear-retailer-kurt-geiger-acquired-by-cinven-sycamore-partners-1533182) . International Business Times . Retrieved 2016-06-21 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Kurt Geiger" (https://www.retailappointment.co.uk/career-advice/company-a-z/companies-k-o/kurt-geiger) . The Retail Appointment . Retrieved 2017-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Kurt Geiger Headquarters Building" (https://www.archdaily.com/323277/kurt-geiger-headquarters-building-archer-architects) . archdaily . 2013-01-24 . Retrieved 2019-01-23 . ^ Jump up to: a b Garner, Stephen (2022-09-06). "Kurt Geiger Launches New Charity Which Hopes to Raise £1 Million Annually to Help Young Creatives" (https://footwearnews.com/business/business-news/kurt-geiger-launches-kindness-foundation-charity-1203332990/) . Footwear News . Retrieved 2024-03-18 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "The Kurt Geiger Kindness Foundation Launches New Academy For Young Creatives" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/roddyclarke/2023/10/09/the-kurt-geiger-kindness-foundation-launches-new-academy-for-young-creatives/?sh=41013d03393f) . Forbes . Retrieved 15 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Bawden, Tom; Wood, Zoe (2011-06-02). "Kurt Geiger sale to Jones Group means £20m windfall for shoe chain managers" (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/jun/02/kurt-geiger-sold-jones-group) . The Guardian . ISSN (/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) . Retrieved 2017-06-20 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Kurt Geiger to open its first stores in Mexico as it plots Latin America expansion" (https://www.modernretail.co/operations/kurt-geiger-to-open-its-first-stores-in-mexico-as-it-plots-latin-america-expansion/) . Modern Retail . Retrieved 15 April 2024 . 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Geiger&oldid=1229220608 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Geiger&oldid=1229220608) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Shoe companies of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Shoe_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom) Companies based in London (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_London) Footwear retailers (/wiki/Category:Footwear_retailers) Retail companies established in 1963 (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_1963) 2015 mergers and acquisitions (/wiki/Category:2015_mergers_and_acquisitions) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles with topics of unclear notability from August 2022 (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability_from_August_2022) All articles with topics of unclear notability (/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability) Company articles with topics of unclear notability (/wiki/Category:Company_articles_with_topics_of_unclear_notability)
Australian fashion company City Chic Collective City Chic store in Westfield Carousel (/wiki/Westfield_Carousel) Formerly Miller's Retail Specialty Fashion Group Company type Public (/wiki/Public_company) Traded as (/wiki/Ticker_symbol) ASX (/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange) : CCX (https://www2.asx.com.au/markets/company/CCX) Industry Clothing Founded 1992 ; 32 years ago ( 1992 ) Founder Gary Perlstein Ian Miller Headquarters Alexandria, New South Wales (/wiki/Alexandria,_New_South_Wales) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) Revenue $148 million (2019) Net income (/wiki/Net_income) $25 million (2019) Website www (https://www.citychiccollective.com.au/) .citychiccollective (https://www.citychiccollective.com.au/) .com (https://www.citychiccollective.com.au/) .au (https://www.citychiccollective.com.au/) City Chic Collective (CCC), founded as Miller's Retail in 1992, and rebranded in December 2006 to Specialty Fashion Group , [1] (#cite_note-1) is an Australian retail clothing company. It is headquartered in the Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) suburb of Alexandria (/wiki/Alexandria,_New_South_Wales) . History [ edit ] Miller's Retail (1992–2006) [ edit ] Logo of Miller's Retail Ltd Miller's Retail Ltd was an Australian company that distributed women's apparel and accessories and was one of the country's largest retailers. It was founded by Gary Perlstein and Ian Miller in 1992. It was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange) in May 1998. [2] (#cite_note-2) It had a market capitalisation of $360 million, as of March 2006. The company grew in part through acquisitions, including the Katies womenswear chain from Coles Myer (/wiki/Coles_Myer) (1999), and Crazy Clark's (/wiki/Crazy_Clark%27s) and Go-Lo (/wiki/Go-Lo) stores in 2000. [3] (#cite_note-3) Its sales for the year ending 30 June 2005 were $1.12 billion, with a net loss after tax of $103.4 million. This substantial loss was an unusual event for Miller's Retail and reflected considerable financial restructuring, including the revaluation of its businesses in Discount Variety. At the same time, the company told the market it had excessive inventory levels and pledged to address that, as well as to review buying practices in the future to avoid similar errors. In its Apparel Division, Miller's Retail traded under the brands Miller's Fashion Club , Katies , Crossroads and 1626 , which all sell women's clothing, with a total of over 700 stores. In November 2005, it sold its Discount Variety Division, which owned Go-Lo , Crazy Clark's , Look Sharp Concepts and Chickenfeed , which had a total of 335 stores at the time of the sale. [4] (#cite_note-junk-4) Miller's Retail sold its interest in the discount variety businesses after a price war (/wiki/Price_war) with competitors had a major impact on the profits of the division. Private equity investor Catalyst Investment Manager and CHAMP acquired the group, the new entity being called Australian Discount Retail (/wiki/Australian_Discount_Retail) . Millers Retail's core business was the Miller's Fashion Club, a club or loyalty program (/wiki/Loyalty_program) , which had more than 2.8 million members across Australia and New Zealand. [ citation needed ] The company's co-founder, Ian Miller, left the Managing Director's position in 2003, although continued for a time as Managing Director of Apparel Division and remained an executive director of the company. Specialty Fashion Group (2006–2018) [ edit ] In December 2006, Miller's Retail Ltd was renamed to Specialty Fashion Group. [5] (#cite_note-5) That month, the company also acquired Chain Reaction for $4 million. At the time, it had 42 stores trading under the Chain Reaction, Big Advantage, Big City Chic and Girl Mania names. Specialty Fashion Group retained Big City Chic's 21 stores and rebranded the others to Specialty Fashion Group brands. [6] (#cite_note-6) In November 2013, Specialty Fashion Group acquired the Rivers chain for $5 million. [7] (#cite_note-7) In March 2018, Specialty Fashion Group acquired the Maggie T brand which had gone into administration (/wiki/Administration_(law)) at the start of the year. The brand was relaunched through Millers. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) In July 2018, the company sold five of its brands; Autograph, Crossroads, Katies, Millers and Rivers, to Noni B (later renamed to Mosaic Brands (/wiki/Mosaic_Brands) ) leaving only one brand, City Chic, in its portfolio. [10] (#cite_note-10) [11] (#cite_note-11) The remaining operations were rebranded City Chic Collective in November 2018. [12] (#cite_note-12) [13] (#cite_note-13) City Chic Collective (2018–present) [ edit ] In April 2019, City Chic Collective acquired U.S. plus-size intimates brand Hips & Curves for US$2 million. [14] (#cite_note-14) In October 2019, CCC purchased the e-commerce (/wiki/E-commerce) assets of Avenue Stores (/wiki/Avenue_(store)) from its administrator (/wiki/Administration_(law)) . [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) In December 2020, City Chic Collective reached an agreement to purchase the Evans (/wiki/Evans_(retailer)) brand, website and wholesale business for £23 million after its parent company Arcadia Group (/wiki/Arcadia_Group) went into administration. The deal did not include the retailer's stores. [17] (#cite_note-17) In July 2021, CCC acquired European plus-size online retailer Navabi for A$9.6 million. [18] (#cite_note-18) City Chic Collective exited the European market in August 2023, selling its Evans business to AK Retail (owner of M&Co. (/wiki/M%26Co.) ) for A$15.5 million. [19] (#cite_note-19) [20] (#cite_note-20) The Navabi brand was also shut down at the same time. [21] (#cite_note-21) CCC sold its Avenue brand to FullBeauty Brands (/wiki/FullBeauty_Brands) in June 2024. [22] (#cite_note-22) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Miller's Retail name change takes place (https://www.just-style.com/news/millers-retail-name-change-takes-place_id95763.aspx) Just Style 30 November 2006 ^ (#cite_ref-2) Hill, Geoffrey (1 November 2005). "Miller's Retail" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/millers-retail-20051101-gdmcul.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 31 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Johnson, Liz (2 December 2000). "Remedial retailing" (https://www.afr.com/politics/remedial-retailing-20001202-jl1zj) . Australian Financial Review . ^ (#cite_ref-junk_4-0) O'Sullivan, Matt (16 March 2006). "Miller's Retail better now it's junked the junk" (http://www.smh.com.au/news/business/millers-retail-better-now-its-junked-the-junk/2006/03/15/1142098528798.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald (/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) . Retrieved 3 February 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Miller's Retail name change takes place (https://www.just-style.com/news/millers-retail-name-change-takes-place_id95763.aspx) Just Style 30 November 2006 ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Specialty Fashion buys Chain Reaction" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/specialty-fashion-buys-chain-reaction-20061229-gdp53v.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . 29 December 2006 . Retrieved 31 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Johnson, Stephen (28 November 2013). "Rivers Australia sold to Katies and Millers owner Specialty Fashion Group for just $5m" (https://www.heraldsun.com.au/business/rivers-australia-sold-to-katies-and-millers-owner-specialty-fashion-group-for-just-5m/news-story/d4f9bbdd05ec1785e8b6d1da69ab90df) . Herald Sun . Retrieved 9 April 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) McDonnell, Josh (6 March 2018). "Maggie T salvaged from collapse" (https://www.ragtrader.com.au/news/maggie-t-salvaged-from-collapse) . Ragtrader . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Danckert, Sarah (5 January 2018). "Retail downturn claims scalp of fashion label Maggie T" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/retail-downturn-claims-scalp-of-fashion-label-maggie-t-20180105-h0duv8.html) . The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 5 March 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Noni B bags Rivers, Millers and Katies in Specialty buy" (https://thewest.com.au/business/retail/noni-b-bags-rivers-millers-and-katies-in-31m-specialty-fashion-buy-ng-b88835484z) . The West Australian . 14 May 2018 . Retrieved 14 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Specialty Fashion Group completes divestment of five brands (https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c08ac985b409b84d9c4451a/t/5c0dacc3c2241bcfcda9ca09/1544400070244/SFH+Completes+Divestment+of+5+Brands+%281%29.pdf) Specialty Fashion Group 2 July 2018 ^ (#cite_ref-12) Official Name Change to City Chic Collective Limited (https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c08ac985b409b84d9c4451a/t/5c0da765aa4a99cfacbc2d74/1544398697236/23112018+%E2%80%93+Change+of+Company+Name+%281%29.pdf) City Chic Collective 23 November 2018 ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Change of Company Name to City Chic Collective" (https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20181123/pdf/440kw93yc0kz0w.pdf) (PDF) . ASX . Retrieved 20 December 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Blake, Dean (7 October 2019). "City Chic broadens US reach with e-commerce acquisition" (https://insideretail.com.au/news/city-chic-broadens-us-reach-with-e-commerce-acquisition-201910) . Inside Retail Australia . Retrieved 31 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Acquisition of Avenue’s e-commerce business approved (https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c08ac985b409b84d9c4451a/t/5da7967bb69a1b13994a373c/1571264124646/Acquisition+of+Avenue+e-commerce+business+approved+%5BFINAL%5D.pdf) City Chic Collective 8 October 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-16) City Chic broadens US reach with e-commerce acquisition (https://www.insideretail.com.au/news/city-chic-broadens-us-reach-with-e-commerce-acquisition-201910) Inside Retailing (/wiki/Inside_Retailing) 8 October 2019 ^ (#cite_ref-17) Ford Rojas, John-Paul (21 December 2020). "Arcadia brand Evans sold to Australia's City Chic for £23m" (https://news.sky.com/story/arcadia-brand-evans-sold-to-australias-city-chic-for-23m-12169084) . Sky News . Retrieved 31 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) Bailey, Imogen (27 July 2021). "City Chic expands into €40 billion European curve market with new buy" (https://www.ragtrader.com.au/news/city-chic-expands-into-40-billion-european-curve-market-with-new-buy) . Ragtrader . Retrieved 31 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Beevers, Angela (7 August 2023). "Evans acquired by M&Co owner AK Retail" (https://www.theretailbulletin.com/fashion/evans-acquired-by-mco-owner-ak-retail-07-08-2023/) . The Retail Bulletin . Retrieved 31 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) Thompson, Sarah; Sood, Kanika; Rapaport, Emma (18 June 2024). "City Chic seeks to raise $25 million, divests Avenue to New York buyer" (https://www.afr.com/street-talk/city-chic-seeks-to-raise-25-million-shares-in-trading-halt-20240613-p5jlj2) . Australian Financial Review . Retrieved 22 June 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Greenblat, Eli (3 August 2023). "City Chic has decided to sell its British brands and shut down its German fashion business" (https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/retail/city-chic-has-decided-to-sell-its-british-brands-and-shut-down-its-german-fashion-business/news-story/b1482cfa1c54ac90d93bea40aa17170a) . The Australian . Retrieved 31 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) Singh, Prachi (19 June 2024). "FullBeauty acquires US-based plus-size retailer Avenue" (https://fashionunited.in/news/business/fullbeauty-acquires-us-based-plus-size-retailer-avenue/2024061845455) . FashionUnited . Retrieved 22 June 2024 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.citychiccollective.com.au/) Chic Chic website (https://www.citychic.com.au/) Avenue website (https://www.avenue.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐cf747 Cached time: 20240713224034 Cache expiry: 1559967 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.405 seconds Real time usage: 0.811 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2402/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 45145/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3041/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 63982/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.249/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6998953/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 475.404 1 -total 28.75% 136.667 1 Template:Infobox_company 27.22% 129.397 7 Template:Cite_news 26.09% 124.046 1 Template:Infobox 14.79% 70.325 1 Template:Short_description 11.27% 53.555 9 Template:Cite_web 8.29% 39.419 2 Template:Pagetype 7.64% 36.325 1 Template:Citation_needed 6.91% 32.869 1 Template:Fix 4.90% 23.280 2 Template:Category_handler Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51189033-0!canonical and timestamp 20240713224034 and revision id 1230346282. 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Member of the non-reigning Greek royal family Princess Maria-Olympia Olympia in 2019 Born ( 1996-07-25 ) 25 July 1996 (age 27) Weill Cornell Medical Center (/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medical_Center) , New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) , U.S. House (/wiki/Dynasty) Glücksburg (/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg) Father Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece (/wiki/Pavlos,_Crown_Prince_of_Greece) Mother Marie-Chantal Miller (/wiki/Marie-Chantal_Miller) Occupation Student, model, socialite Greek royal family (/wiki/Greek_royal_family) The Crown Prince (/wiki/Pavlos,_Crown_Prince_of_Greece) The Crown Princess (/wiki/Marie-Chantal,_Crown_Princess_of_Greece) Prince Constantine-Alexios (/wiki/Prince_Constantine_Alexios_of_Greece_and_Denmark) Prince Achileas-Andreas (/wiki/Prince_Achileas-Andreas_of_Greece_and_Denmark) Prince Odysseus-Kimon (/wiki/Prince_Odysseus-Kimon_of_Greece_and_Denmark) Prince Aristidis-Stavros (/wiki/Prince_Aristidis-Stavros_of_Greece_and_Denmark) Princess Maria-Olympia Queen Anne-Marie (/wiki/Queen_Anne-Marie_of_Greece) Princess Alexia, Mrs. Morales (/wiki/Princess_Alexia_of_Greece_and_Denmark) Prince Nikolaos (/wiki/Prince_Nikolaos_of_Greece_and_Denmark) Princess Tatiana (/wiki/Princess_Tatiana_of_Greece_and_Denmark) Princess Theodora (/wiki/Princess_Theodora_of_Greece_and_Denmark_(born_1983)) Prince Philippos (/wiki/Prince_Philippos_of_Greece_and_Denmark) Princess Nina (/wiki/Princess_Nina_of_Greece_and_Denmark) Queen Sofía of Spain (/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain) Spanish royal family (/wiki/Spanish_royal_family) Princess Irene (/wiki/Princess_Irene_of_Greece_and_Denmark) Prince Michael (/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Greece_and_Denmark) Marina, consort of Prince Michael (/wiki/Marina_Karella) Princess Alexandra, Mrs. Mirzayantz (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra_of_Greece_(born_1968)) The Duchess of Aosta (/wiki/Princess_Olga_of_Savoy-Aosta) v t e Princess Maria-Olympia of Greece and Denmark (born 25 July 1996) is a fashion model, socialite and member of the former Greek royal family (/wiki/Greek_royal_family) . She is the oldest child and only daughter of Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece (/wiki/Pavlos,_Crown_Prince_of_Greece) , and his wife, Marie-Chantal Miller (/wiki/Marie-Chantal,_Crown_Princess_of_Greece) . Her paternal grandparents are Constantine II of Greece (/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Greece) and Anne-Marie of Denmark (/wiki/Queen_Anne-Marie_of_Greece) , who were the last King (/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Greece) and Queen of the Hellenes (/wiki/List_of_Greek_royal_consorts) , while her maternal grandfather is duty free (/wiki/Duty_free) entrepreneur (/wiki/Entrepreneur) Robert Warren Miller (/wiki/Robert_Warren_Miller) . Early life Princess Maria-Olympia of Greece and Denmark was born on 25 July 1996 at Weill Cornell Medical Center (/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medical_Center) in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) to Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece (/wiki/Pavlos,_Crown_Prince_of_Greece) , and his wife, Marie-Chantal (/wiki/Marie-Chantal,_Crown_Princess_of_Greece) . She was baptized in the Greek Orthodox Church (/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church) by Patriarch (/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople) Bartholomew I of Constantinople (/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople) at the Church of St. George (/wiki/Church_of_St._George,_Istanbul) in Istanbul, Turkey (/wiki/Istanbul,_Turkey) , on 22 December 1996. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Her godparents are her paternal aunt Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark (/wiki/Princess_Alexia_of_Greece_and_Denmark) , her maternal aunt Pia Getty (/wiki/Pia_Getty) , her grandfather's second cousin Charles III (/wiki/Charles_III) , and Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark (/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Greece_and_Denmark) . Her family relocated to London, where she spent most of her childhood. She is the older sister of Prince Constantine-Alexios (/wiki/Prince_Constantine_Alexios_of_Greece_and_Denmark) , Prince Achileas-Andreas (/wiki/Prince_Achileas-Andreas_of_Greece_and_Denmark) , Prince Odysseas Kimon, and Prince Aristidis-Stavros. [3] (#cite_note-3) The princess herself uses the name Olympia in everyday life. [4] (#cite_note-Hvem-4) [5] (#cite_note-Barger-5) [6] (#cite_note-estudiantil-6) Olympia attended her first couture show around the age of 11 in Rome together with her parents. [7] (#cite_note-Couture-7) She studied art history, theatre, photography, and graphic design while in boarding school in Switzerland (/wiki/Switzerland) with hopes of pursuing a career in art or fashion. [8] (#cite_note-8) She interned in Dior (/wiki/Dior) 's couture department, at the age of 17. [9] (#cite_note-Teen_Vogue-9) Maria-Olympia registered at college in New York (/wiki/New_York_City) in the fall of 2015. [10] (#cite_note-10) [6] (#cite_note-estudiantil-6) In 2016, she studied photography at Parsons School of Design (/wiki/Parsons_School_of_Design) in New York. [11] (#cite_note-vf-11) In 2019, she completed her studies with a degree in Fashion Business and Marketing from New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study (/wiki/Gallatin_School_of_Individualized_Study) . [7] (#cite_note-Couture-7) [5] (#cite_note-Barger-5) She is dyslexic (/wiki/Dyslexia) . [12] (#cite_note-12) Fashion career Olympia with camera, in 2019 In April 2016, Maria-Olympia posed alongside two of her first cousins, Isabel Getty (/wiki/Isabel_Getty) and Princess Talita von Fürstenberg (/wiki/Talita_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg) in a Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) feature. [13] (#cite_note-13) She has modeled for Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Town & Country (/wiki/Town_%26_Country_(magazine)) , [15] (#cite_note-15) Tatler (/wiki/Tatler) , Hello! (/wiki/Hello!_(magazine)) , [16] (#cite_note-16) ¡Hola! (/wiki/%C2%A1Hola!) , [17] (#cite_note-17) and W (/wiki/W_(magazine)) . [18] (#cite_note-18) [19] (#cite_note-19) In June 2017, Maria-Olympia walked the runway for Dolce & Gabbana (/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana) . [20] (#cite_note-20) She has also modeled for Michael Kors (/wiki/Michael_Kors) . [21] (#cite_note-21) Using her name Olympia the Saks Potts S/S 2019 show during Copenhagen Fashion Week (/wiki/Copenhagen_Fashion_Week) in August 2018 was named OLYMPIA after her and opened by the princess herself as the first model on the stage. [4] (#cite_note-Hvem-4) [22] (#cite_note-22) She became the face for Pretty Ballerinas's Spring/Summer 2019 collection. [23] (#cite_note-23) Personal life It was reported in May 2016 that Maria-Olympia was romantically involved with her godfather's son and third cousin once removed Prince Harry (/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex) , but a representative of the British Royal Family (/wiki/British_Royal_Family) denied the rumors. [24] (#cite_note-24) In 2021, she began a relationship with Peregrine Pearson, the son and heir of Michael Pearson, 4th Viscount Cowdray (/wiki/Michael_Pearson,_4th_Viscount_Cowdray) , [25] (#cite_note-25) but in September 2023 it was reported that they had broken up. [26] (#cite_note-26) Titles and styles 25 July 1996 – present: Her Royal Highness Princess Maria-Olympia of Greece and Denmark [27] (#cite_note-27) Arms of a Princess of Greece Honours Greek Royal Family (/wiki/Greek_Royal_Family) Dame Grand Cross, 1st Class of the Royal Family Order of Saints Olga and Sophia (/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Olga_and_Sophia) [28] (#cite_note-28) Ancestry Ancestry of Princess Maria-Olympia of Greece and Denmark [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) [31] (#cite_note-31) 8. King Paul of Greece (/wiki/Paul_of_Greece) 4. King Constantine II of Greece (/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Greece) 9. Frederica of Hanover (/wiki/Frederica_of_Hanover) 2. Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece (/wiki/Pavlos,_Crown_Prince_of_Greece) 10. King Frederik IX of Denmark (/wiki/Frederik_IX_of_Denmark) 5. Anne-Marie of Denmark (/wiki/Queen_Anne-Marie_of_Greece) 11. Ingrid of Sweden (/wiki/Ingrid_of_Sweden) 1. Maria-Olympia of Greece and Denmark 12. Ellis Warren Appleton Miller 6. Robert Warren Miller (/wiki/Robert_Warren_Miller) 13. Sophia June Squarebriggs 3. Marie-Chantal Miller (/wiki/Marie-Chantal,_Crown_Princess_of_Greece) 14. Servando Pesantes Chanduy 7. María Clara Pesantes Becerra 15. Beatriz Becerra References ^ (#cite_ref-1) "PRINCESS MARIA-OLYMPIA" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140705044528/http://greekroyalfamily.gr/timeline/birth-of-princess-maria-olympia.html) . Greek Royal Family (in Greek). The Greek Royal Family. Archived from the original (http://www.greekroyalfamily.gr/timeline/birth-of-princess-maria-olympia.html) on 5 July 2014 . Retrieved 30 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Leading world aristocrats in Istanbul" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160308104927/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/leading-world-aristocrats-in-istanbul.aspx?pageID=438&n=leading-world-aristocrats-in-istanbul-1996-12-24) . 24 December 1996. Archived from the original (http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/leading-world-aristocrats-in-istanbul.aspx?pageID=438&n=leading-world-aristocrats-in-istanbul-1996-12-24) on 8 March 2016 . Retrieved 30 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Princess Maria-Olympia Of Greece: 10 Facts About The Stylish Teen Royal" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160430195300/http://fashion.hellomagazine.com/fashion-news/gallery/201601194408/princess-maria-olympia-greece-ten-facts/4/) . Hello Fashion . HELLO!. 19 January 2016. p. 4. Archived from the original (http://fashion.hellomagazine.com/fashion-news/gallery/201601194408/princess-maria-olympia-greece-ten-facts/4/) on 30 April 2016 . Retrieved 30 April 2016 . ^ a b Nikita Hoffmann Andersen (28 August 2018). "Prinsesse Maria-Olympia. Hvem er Danmarks ukendte prinsesse?" (https://www.elle.dk/kultur/royale/hvem-er-danmarks-ukendte-prinsesse) (in Danish). Elle Danmark . Retrieved 7 September 2020 . ^ a b Brittani Barger (24 May 2019). "Princess Olympia of Greece and Denmark graduates from NYU" (https://royalcentral.co.uk/europe/greece/princess-olympia-of-greece-and-denmark-graduates-from-nyu-125440/) . Royal Central . Retrieved 7 September 2020 . ^ a b Marina Pina (9 September 2015). "La privilegiada y cara vida estudiantil de Olimpia de Grecia" (https://www.elmundo.es/loc/2015/09/09/55eec6cd268e3e5f508b4589.html) (in Spanish). El Mundo (/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)) . Retrieved 8 September 2020 . ^ a b Naomi Pike (11 July 2020). "Princess Olympia Of Greece On The Magic Of Couture" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/miss-vogue/article/princess-olympia-of-greece-couture) . Vogue (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Retrieved 7 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Lotte Scharff (24 September 2014). "Hun bliver den nye jetset-prinsesse" (https://stiften.dk/artikel/hun-bliver-den-nye-jetset-prinsesse-2014-9-24) (in Danish). Århus Stiftstidende (/wiki/%C3%85rhus_Stiftstidende) . Retrieved 8 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-Teen_Vogue_9-0) Lewis, Victoria (30 October 2014). "The Princess Diaries: Marie-Olympia of Greece Gives Us the Lowdown on Being 21st-Century Royalty" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150820214442/http://www.teenvogue.com/gallery/princess-marie-olympia-of-greece-talks-being-royalty) . Teen Vogue . Archived from the original (http://www.teenvogue.com/gallery/princess-marie-olympia-of-greece-talks-being-royalty) on 20 August 2015 . Retrieved 30 April 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) Leah Melby Clinton (28 August 2015). "Yes, Even a Princess Shops at Bed Bath & Beyond for College Dorm Stuff" (https://www.glamour.com/story/princess-olympia-college-nyu) . Glamour (/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)) . Retrieved 8 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-vf_11-0) "The Miller Cousins Are the Ultimate Society Darlings for the Social-Media Age" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160424021313/http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/03/miller-cousins-society-social-media) . Vanity Fair . 24 April 2016. Archived from the original (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/03/miller-cousins-society-social-media/) on 24 April 2016 . Retrieved 15 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Sinha, Barnali Pal (21 January 2016). "Prince Harry Not Dating Princess Maria-Olympia Of Greece: Royal Source" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160122173008/http://www.ibtimes.com/prince-harry-not-dating-princess-maria-olympia-greece-royal-source-2274087) . International Business Times . IBT Media Inc. Archived from the original (http://www.ibtimes.com/prince-harry-not-dating-princess-maria-olympia-greece-royal-source-2274087) on 22 January 2016 . Retrieved 2 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "The Miller Cousins Are the Ultimate Society Darlings for the Social-Media Age" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/03/miller-cousins-society-social-media) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . 30 March 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170720054635/http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/03/miller-cousins-society-social-media) from the original on 20 July 2017 . Retrieved 6 November 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Lewis, Victoria (30 October 2014). "The Princess Diaries: Marie-Olympia of Greece Gives Us the Lowdown on Being 21st-Century Royalty" (https://www.teenvogue.com/gallery/princess-marie-olympia-of-greece-talks-being-royalty) . Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) . Retrieved 26 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "This Very Modern Princeess Just Moved to New York City" (http://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a7267/princess-olympia-of-greece/) . 8 August 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170225212843/http://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a7267/princess-olympia-of-greece/) from the original on 25 February 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Princess Maria-Olympia: Meet the new royal it-girl" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170225211223/http://fashion.hellomagazine.com/fashion-news/201409252324/maria-olympia-of-greece-new-it-girl/) . Archived from the original (http://fashion.hellomagazine.com/fashion-news/201409252324/maria-olympia-of-greece-new-it-girl/) on 25 February 2017 . Retrieved 25 February 2017 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) "Maria Olympia, Princess Maria-Olympia, Hola! Fashion Magazine February 2016 Cover Photo - Spain" (http://www.famousfix.com/topic/hola-fashion-magazine-spain-february-2016) . Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170225205447/http://www.famousfix.com/topic/hola-fashion-magazine-spain-february-2016) from the original on 25 February 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-18) Lawrence, Vanessa (April 2013). "It Girl: Princess Maria-Olympia" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130722145144/http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2013/04/princess-maria-olympia-greece-it-girl/) . W . Condé Nast. Archived from the original (http://www.wmagazine.com/people/2013/04/princess-maria-olympia-greece-it-girl/) on 22 July 2013 . Retrieved 2 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Garvey, Marianne; Niemietz, Brian; Coleman, Oli; Maresca, Rachel (25 August 2015). "Budding style icon Princess Maria-Olympia of Greece will reign as an NYU student this fall" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150826005024/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/confidential/nyu-rule-princess-maria-olympia-arrives-classes-article-1.2335743) . NY Daily News . NYDailyNews.com. Archived from the original (http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/confidential/nyu-rule-princess-maria-olympia-arrives-classes-article-1.2335743) on 26 August 2015 . Retrieved 2 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "Princess Diana's Niece Just Walked the Dolce & Gabbana Runway" (https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/fashion-trends/a18720347/kitty-spencer-royals-fashion-week/) . 26 February 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180301044706/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/fashion-trends/a18720347/kitty-spencer-royals-fashion-week/) from the original on 1 March 2018 . Retrieved 28 February 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-21) Bryant, Kenzie (31 August 2016). "This Princess Has Style as Enviable as Kate Middleton's" (https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2016/08/princess-maria-olympia-greece-interview) . VanityFair.com (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . Retrieved 26 August 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Galleri: Saks Potts med pels i Collection 10" (https://www.kopenhagenfur.com/da/nyheder/2018/august/galleri-saks-potts-med-pels-i-collection-10/) (in Danish). Kopenhagen Fur (/wiki/Kopenhagen_Fur) . August 2018 . Retrieved 7 September 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Bryant, Kenzie (2 February 2019). "This Princess has just launched a gorgeous shoe collection – and you will want everything" (https://www.hellomagazine.com/fashion/royal-style/2019020267339/princess-maria-olympia-greece-launches-shoe-collection/) . Hello! (/wiki/Hello!_magazine) . Retrieved 13 December 2020 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Chung, Madelyn (21 January 2016). "Princess Maria-Olympia Of Greece Is Our New Favourite Style Icon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160122101021/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/01/20/maria-olympia-of-greece-style_n_9032032.html) . The Huffington Post Canada . TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc. Archived from the original (http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/01/20/maria-olympia-of-greece-style_n_9032032.html) on 22 January 2016 . Retrieved 2 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Princess Olympia of Greece on Prince Charles: ‘He always remembered my birthday’ (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/womens-style/princess-olympia-greece-prince-charles-always-remembered-birthday/) , The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) , 5 June 2021 ^ (#cite_ref-26) "Princess Maria-Olympia, goddaughter of King Charles, faces heartbreak" (https://www.geo.tv/amp/510344-princess-maria-olympia-goddaughter-of-king-charles-faces-heartbreak) , Geo News , 17 September 2023, accessed 22 September 2023 ^ (#cite_ref-27) Kongelig dansk hof- og statskalender 2013. Statshåndbog for kongeriget Danmark - udgivet ved foranstaltning af Hendes Majestæt Dronningens Kabinetssekretariat og Statsministeriet i forening , Digitaliseringsstyrelsen, 2013 ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-87-995647-7-4 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-995647-7-4) ^ (#cite_ref-28) "Familia Real de Dinamarca: Marie-Chantal Miller, la royal más esperada por su ataque a Letizia" (https://www.vanitatis.elconfidencial.com/amp/casas-reales/2018-05-27/marie-chantal-miller-cumpleanos-federico-dinamarca-reina-letizia_1569585/) . www.vanitatis.elconfidencial.com . 27 May 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180527144501/https://www.vanitatis.elconfidencial.com/amp/casas-reales/2018-05-27/marie-chantal-miller-cumpleanos-federico-dinamarca-reina-letizia_1569585/) from the original on 27 May 2018 . Retrieved 27 May 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "Some ancestry of the Miller sisters" (http://www.wargs.com/royal/miller.html) . ^ (#cite_ref-30) "The prince born to rule who has lived his life in exile" (https://royalcentral.co.uk/europe/otd-birth-of-crown-prince-pavlos-of-greece-142777/) . 20 May 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-31) "How three '90s 'It Girl' sisters married into royal families and unbelivable wealth" (https://honey.nine.com.au/royals/miller-sisters-it-girls-90s-pia-marie-chantal-alexandra/061c8514-8f15-41f1-98ac-b821298fff97) . honey.nine.com.au . 3 April 2021. v t e Greek princesses (/wiki/List_of_princesses_of_Greece) 1st generation Grand Duchess Alexandra of Russia (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * Grand Duchess Maria of Russia (/wiki/Princess_Maria_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * 2nd generation Helen, Queen Mother of Romania (/wiki/Helen_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * Princess Irene, Duchess of Aosta (/wiki/Princess_Irene,_Duchess_of_Aosta) * Lady Katherine Brandram (/wiki/Princess_Katherine_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * Princess Eugénie, Duchess of Castel Duino (/wiki/Princess_Eug%C3%A9nie_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * Olga, Princess Paul of Yugoslavia (/wiki/Princess_Olga_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * Princess Elizabeth, Countess of Toerring-Jettenbach (/wiki/Princess_Elizabeth_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent (/wiki/Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * Margarita, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (/wiki/Princess_Margarita_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * Theodora, Margravine of Baden (/wiki/Princess_Theodora_of_Greece_and_Denmark_(1906%E2%80%931969)) * Cecilie, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine (/wiki/Princess_Cecilie_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * Sophie, Princess George William of Hanover (/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * 3rd generation Alexandra, Queen of Yugoslavia (/wiki/Alexandra_of_Yugoslavia) * Sofia, Queen of Spain (/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain) * Princess Irene (/wiki/Princess_Irene_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * Princess Alexandra, Mrs. Mirzayantz (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra_of_Greece_(born_1968)) Princess Olga, Duchess of Aosta (/wiki/Princess_Olga_of_Savoy-Aosta) 4th generation Princess Alexia, Mrs Morales (/wiki/Princess_Alexia_of_Greece_and_Denmark) * Princess Theodora (/wiki/Princess_Theodora_of_Greece_and_Denmark_(born_1983)) * 5th generation Princess Maria-Olympia * *also a princess of Denmark See also House of Glücksburg (/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg) v t e Danish princesses (/wiki/List_of_princesses_of_Denmark) Generations are numbered from the implementation of hereditary monarchy by Frederick III (/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark) in 1660. 1st generation Anna Sophie, Electress of Saxony (/wiki/Princess_Anna_Sophie_of_Denmark) 1 Frederica Amalia, Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp (/wiki/Princess_Frederica_Amalia_of_Denmark) 1 Wilhelmine Ernestine, Electress Palatine (/wiki/Princess_Wilhelmine_Ernestine_of_Denmark) 1 Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden (/wiki/Ulrika_Eleonora_of_Denmark) 1 2nd generation Princess Sophia (/wiki/Princess_Sophia_Hedwig_of_Denmark) 1 3rd generation Princess Charlotte Amalie (/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_Amalie_of_Denmark) 1 4th generation Louise, Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Denmark_(1726%E2%80%931756)) 1 5th generation Sophia Magdalena, Queen of Sweden (/wiki/Sophia_Magdalena_of_Denmark) 1 Wilhelmina Caroline, Electress of Hesse (/wiki/Princess_Wilhelmina_Caroline_of_Denmark) 1 Louise, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Denmark_(1750%E2%80%931831)) 1 6th generation Princess Louise, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (/wiki/Princess_Louise_Augusta_of_Denmark) 1 Juliana, Landgravine of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (/wiki/Princess_Juliane_Sophie_of_Denmark) 1 Louise, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Denmark) 1 7th generation Hereditary Princess Caroline of Denmark (/wiki/Princess_Caroline_of_Denmark) 1 Vilhelmine, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (/wiki/Princess_Vilhelmine_Marie_of_Denmark) 1 8th generation Alexandra, Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India (/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark) 4 (Dagmar) Empress Maria Feodorovna of All the Russias (/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Dagmar_of_Denmark)) 4 Thyra, Crown Princess of Hanover and Duchess of Cumberland (/wiki/Princess_Thyra_of_Denmark) 9th generation Princess Louise of Schaumburg-Lippe (/wiki/Princess_Louise_of_Denmark_(1875%E2%80%931906)) Princess Ingeborg, Duchess of Västergötland (/wiki/Princess_Ingeborg_of_Denmark) Princess Thyra (/wiki/Princess_Thyra_of_Denmark_(1880%E2%80%931945)) Princess Dagmar, Mrs. Castenskiold (/wiki/Princess_Dagmar_of_Denmark) Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna of Russia (/wiki/Princess_Alexandra_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 Grand Duchess Maria Georgievna of Russia (/wiki/Princess_Maria_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 Princess Margaret of Bourbon-Parma (/wiki/Princess_Margaret_of_Denmark) 10th generation Princess Feodora of Schaumburg-Lippe (/wiki/Princess_Feodora_of_Denmark) Hereditary Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark (/wiki/Princess_Caroline-Mathilde_of_Denmark) Princess Alexandrine, Countess of Castell-Castell (/wiki/Princess_Alexandrine-Louise_of_Denmark) Helen, Queen Mother of Romania (/wiki/Helen_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 Princess Irene, Duchess of Aosta (/wiki/Princess_Irene,_Duchess_of_Aosta) 2 Lady Katherine Brandram (/wiki/Princess_Katherine_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 Princess Eugénie, Duchess of Castel Duino (/wiki/Princess_Eug%C3%A9nie_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 Princess Olga of Yugoslavia (/wiki/Princess_Olga_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 Princess Elizabeth, Countess of Toerring-Jettenbach (/wiki/Princess_Elizabeth_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent (/wiki/Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 Margarita, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (/wiki/Princess_Margarita_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 Theodora, Margravine of Baden (/wiki/Princess_Theodora_of_Greece_and_Denmark_(1906%E2%80%931969)) 2 Cecilie, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine (/wiki/Princess_Cecilie_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 Princess Sophie of Hanover (/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 11th generation Queen Margrethe II (/wiki/Margrethe_II_of_Denmark) 3 Benedikte, Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (/wiki/Princess_Benedikte_of_Denmark) 3 Anne-Marie, Queen of the Hellenes (/wiki/Queen_Anne-Marie_of_Greece) Princess Elisabeth (/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Denmark) 3 Alexándra, Queen of Yugoslavia (/wiki/Alexandra_of_Yugoslavia) 2 Sofía, Queen of Spain (/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain) 2 Princess Eiríni (/wiki/Princess_Irene_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 12th generation Princess Alexía, Mrs. Morales (/wiki/Princess_Alexia_of_Greece_and_Denmark) 2 Princess Theodora (/wiki/Princess_Theodora_of_Greece_and_Denmark_(born_1983)) 2 13th generation Princess Isabella (/wiki/Princess_Isabella_of_Denmark) Princess Josephine (/wiki/Princess_Josephine_of_Denmark) Princess Athena (/wiki/Countess_Athena_of_Monpezat) Princess Olympía 2 1 Also princess of Norway 2 Also princess of Greece 3 Also princess of Iceland 4 Not Danish princess by birth, but created princess of Denmark Princesses that lost their title are shown in italics NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐b5wxh Cached time: 20240712183440 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.576 seconds Real time usage: 0.792 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3796/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 138829/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1990/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 148572/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.355/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7494290/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report 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Algerian clothing Frimla Painting of an Algerian woman wearing the Frimla Type Algerian clothing Place of origin Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) [1] (#cite_note-Snoap-1) The Frimla is a sleeveless cropped waistcoat that originated in Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) during the 19th century, it is a variation of the Algerian Ghlila (/wiki/Ghlila) . [1] (#cite_note-Snoap-1) [2] (#cite_note-Leyla-2) The Frimla is said to have clearly developed in Algeria before French presence. [1] (#cite_note-Snoap-1) Descending below the bust it features gold threads and large passementerie (/wiki/Passementerie) buttons. [1] (#cite_note-Snoap-1) [2] (#cite_note-Leyla-2) See also [ edit ] • Karakou (/wiki/Karakou) • Ghlila (/wiki/Ghlila) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d Snoap, Morgan, " Algerian Women's Waistcoats - The Ghlila and Frimla: Readjusting the Lens on the Early French Colonial Era in Algeria (1830-1870) (https://scholarship.rollins.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1113&context=honors) " (2020). Honors Program Theses. 114. ^ a b Leyla Belkaïd, Algéroises: story of a Mediterranean costume, Edisud, 1998 ( ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-2-85744-918-8 (/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85744-918-8) , OCLC (/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) 41527694 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41527694) ) This article about the history of clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing) is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frimla&action=edit) . v t e This Algeria (/wiki/Algeria) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frimla&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐h8jmp Cached time: 20240721182946 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.241 seconds Real time usage: 0.374 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 698/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9948/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 642/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17710/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.147/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1900561/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 304.625 1 -total 29.70% 90.472 1 Template:Reflist 29.39% 89.532 1 Template:Short_description 24.09% 73.371 2 Template:Asbox 23.69% 72.165 1 Template:Clothing-hist-stub 22.85% 69.592 1 Template:ISBN 19.81% 60.360 2 Template:Catalog_lookup_link 16.55% 50.416 2 Template:Pagetype 14.52% 44.243 1 Template:Infobox_clothing_type 13.81% 42.083 1 Template:Infobox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68817326-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721182946 and revision id 1113285055. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frimla&oldid=1113285055 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frimla&oldid=1113285055) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Algerian clothing (/wiki/Category:Algerian_clothing) Cultural history stubs (/wiki/Category:Cultural_history_stubs) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Algeria stubs (/wiki/Category:Algeria_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Boris Nikolić (Fashion designer) Born 28 June 1974 Zajecar (/wiki/Zajecar) , Serbia Died 5 April 2008 (2008-04-05) (aged 33) Belgrade, Serbia Nationality Serbian (/wiki/Serbians) Occupation Fashion Designer Known for Stripe motifs, Contrasting elements Boris Nikolić (Fashion designer) ( Serbian Cyrillic (/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet) : Борис Николић ; 1974-2008) was a Serbian (/wiki/Serbians) fashion designer who had become something of an icon since his death in 2008. In his ten-year career, he became a respected and award-winning designer in Serbia. He was known for combining contrasting elements and using striped motifs, as well as for employing unusual titles for his collections. [1] (#cite_note-b92.net-1) Career [ edit ] Nikolić studied at the Academy of Applied Arts in Belgrade. In 1998, Nikolić began working as a fashion designer in Belgrade, Serbia. He and fellow designer Ana Ljubinković (/wiki/Ana_Ljubinkovi%C4%87) opened the shop "Peekaboo" together in 2006. Nikolić also worked as a stylist at the B92 (/wiki/B92) Television network. [1] (#cite_note-b92.net-1) In 1998, 1999 and 2001, Nikolić was a finalist at the Smirnoff Fashion Awards. He also won the BazArt Prize three times at Belgrade Fashion Week (/wiki/Belgrade_Fashion_Week) , where he presented his clothing line in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004. His collections often had unexpected names such as "Consequences of Falling" or "Breakfast on the Grass". Death and legacy [ edit ] Nikolić died on 5 April 2008 after short illness aged 33. Soon after his death, Belgrade Fashion Week (/wiki/Belgrade_Fashion_Week) gave him a posthumous award for contributing to the development of fashion as an art. The fashion show also named one of their competition awards after him. Sponsored by B92, the prize includes $2,000 Euros to be used towards the winner's next collection. [2] (#cite_note-2) In 2006, Nikolić was included in a group retrospective at the 40th edition of the festival which is held twice a year. In 2018, to commemorate the ten years since his passing, Belgrade Fashion Week (/wiki/Belgrade_Fashion_Week) held a special show in his honour where past winners of his namesake award presented their clothing lines. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [1] (#cite_note-b92.net-1) Controversy [ edit ] Boris Nikolić the fashion designer is not the Boris Nikolić (b. 1971 Zagreb) who was appointed an executor of pedophile (/wiki/Pedophile) Jeffrey Epstein (/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein) 's estate. [5] (#cite_note-5) References [ edit ] ^ a b c "Boris Nikolić - posvećen dizajnu i modi - B92" (http://www.b92.net/mobilni/zivot/307035) . Retrieved 10 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "AWARDS NIGHT: Dodelom nagrada završen 40. BFW – FashionWeek" (http://belgradefashionweek.com/index.php/2016/11/30/awards-night-dodelom-nagrada-zavrsen-40-bfw/) . belgradefashionweek.com . Retrieved 10 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Dobra vest za ljubitelje mode \| Mondo Portal" (https://mondo.rs/a1094946/Magazin/Lifestyle/Dobra-vest-za-ljubitelje-mode.html) . Mondo.rs. 2018-04-06 . Retrieved 2018-04-10 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Retrospektivnom revijom otvoren jubilarni 40. BFW – FashionWeek" (http://belgradefashionweek.com/index.php/2016/10/24/retrospektivnom-revijom-otvoren-jubilarni-40-bfw/) . belgradefashionweek.com . Retrieved 10 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Who is Boris Nikolic? Epstein-named executor is former Bill Gates adviser" (https://www.foxbusiness.com/features/who-is-boris-nikolic-epstein-executor) . Fox Business (/wiki/Fox_Business) . 20 August 2019. External links [ edit ] "Belgrade Fashion Week Videos" (https://www.facebook.com/belgradefashionweek.serbia/videos/1469184606452950/) . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BY6mt2NlUM (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BY6mt2NlUM) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐59d4f5b5d9‐qr865 Cached time: 20240710170822 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.322 seconds Real time usage: 0.427 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1708/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 12085/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 939/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20473/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.218/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 18821219/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 403.868 1 -total 38.23% 154.380 1 Template:Infobox_person 28.41% 114.745 1 Template:Lang-sr-Cyrl 27.68% 111.781 1 Template:Reflist 23.85% 96.326 5 Template:Cite_web 5.99% 24.185 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 5.69% 22.992 20 Template:Pluralize_from_text 4.76% 19.206 1 Template:Authority_control 4.61% 18.599 1 Template:Wikidata_image 3.83% 15.482 1 Template:Flagicon Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:57068721-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710170822 and revision id 1182167664. 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German modeling agency Louisa Models is Germany's biggest model agency (/wiki/Model_agency) . [1] (#cite_note-1) It was established by Louisa von Minckwitz in Munich (/wiki/Munich) in 1981. A subsidiary was established in Hamburg in 1990. Only 11 years later since establishing, in 1992, the company was known as the leading model agency of Germany and has been in this top position ever since. Louisa Models represent over 380 women and 250 men [2] (#cite_note-2) including Catherine Flemming (/wiki/Catherine_Flemming) , Erol Sander (/wiki/Erol_Sander) , Christiane Paul (/wiki/Christiane_Paul) , Andrea Kempter (/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Kempter&action=edit&redlink=1) , Monica Bellucci (/wiki/Monica_Bellucci) , Cleo von Adelsheim (/wiki/Cleo_von_Adelsheim) , Elle Macpherson (/wiki/Elle_Macpherson) , Izabel Goulart (/wiki/Izabel_Goulart) , Milla von Krockow (/wiki/Milla_von_Krockow) , Daniela Pestova (/wiki/Daniela_Pestova) , Eva Padberg (/wiki/Eva_Padberg) und Valerie Niehaus (/wiki/Valerie_Niehaus) . [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) Julia Stegner (/wiki/Julia_Stegner) was discovered by Louisa von Minckwitz at the age of 14 at the Oktoberfest (/wiki/Oktoberfest) in Munich in 1999 and started her career there. Jana Beller (/wiki/Jana_Beller) has signed a contract in 2011. [6] (#cite_note-6) See also [ edit ] List of modeling agencies (/wiki/List_of_modeling_agencies) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Wir übergießen unsere Models nicht mit Salatsauce in: Süddeutsche Zeitung (/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung) ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Taff - Topmodels in Brasilien (1)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120428172449/http://www.prosieben.de/tv/taff/video/clip/3750-topmodels-in-brasilien-1-1.1867232/) . 24 August 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.prosieben.de/tv/taff/video/clip/3750-topmodels-in-brasilien-1-1.1867232/) on 28 April 2012 . Retrieved 3 April 2012 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Modelerfolg made in Germany – Die Agentur Louisa Models" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120505205309/http://modeln.net/modelerfolg-made-in-germany-%E2%80%93-die-agentur-louisa-models/) . Archived from the original (http://modeln.net/modelerfolg-made-in-germany-%E2%80%93-die-agentur-louisa-models/) on 2012-05-05 . Retrieved 2012-04-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Wurde Eva Padberg von der Modelagentur "Louisa Models" betrogen?" (http://www.bild.de/unterhaltung/leute/eva-padberg/von-modelagentur-louisa-models-betrogen-12365360.bild.html) . 29 April 2010. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Louisa Models" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071011185035/http://louisa-models.de/site/profil.php) . Archived from the original (http://www.louisa-models.de/site/profil.php) on 2007-10-11 . Retrieved 2012-04-03 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Jana Beller hat bereits ein neues Management in: Die Welt (/wiki/Die_Welt) (German) External links [ edit ] http://www.louisa-models.de (http://www.louisa-models.de) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐648b78d466‐rdvww Cached time: 20240624233726 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.135 seconds Real time usage: 0.181 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 331/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6866/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 311/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15290/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.092/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3521224/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 163.605 1 -total 58.27% 95.329 4 Template:Cite_web 39.03% 63.848 1 Template:Short_description 24.44% 39.979 2 Template:Pagetype 7.52% 12.301 2 Template:Main_other 6.38% 10.442 1 Template:SDcat 1.21% 1.976 1 Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:35310345-0!canonical and timestamp 20240624233726 and revision id 1230831719. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louisa_Models&oldid=1230831719 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louisa_Models&oldid=1230831719) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Modeling agencies (/wiki/Category:Modeling_agencies) Companies based in Munich (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Munich) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)
Italian costume designer This article includes a list of references (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) , related reading (/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading) , or external links (/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links) , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations (/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations) . Please help improve (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check) this article by introducing (/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite) more precise citations. ( February 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) Daniela Ciancio (born 5 March 1965) is an Italian costume designer (/wiki/Costume_designer) , noted chiefly for her film costumes. In 2005, she won the David di Donatello for Best Costumes (/wiki/David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Costumes) for her work on the Antonietta De Lillo film Il resto di niente (/wiki/Il_resto_di_niente) . Ciancio also designed the costumes for the 2013 film La grande bellezza (/wiki/La_grande_bellezza) . Biography [ edit ] Ciancio graduated high school in 1983, and proceeded to study stage design at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli (/wiki/Accademia_di_Belle_Arti_di_Napoli) , earning a diploma in scenography (/wiki/Scenography) . In 1986, she began a collaboration with the Teatro di San Carlo (/wiki/Teatro_di_San_Carlo) and the Nuovo Teatro Nuovo di Napoli. In 1994, she was awarded a diploma at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia (/wiki/Centro_Sperimentale_di_Cinematografia) , winning an internship with Piero Tosi (/wiki/Piero_Tosi) . Her career has spanned cinema, theatre, opera and television. Career [ edit ] Cinema [ edit ] The Face of an Angel (/wiki/The_Face_of_an_Angel) (directed by Michael Winterbottom (/wiki/Michael_Winterbottom) , 2014) La grande bellezza (/wiki/La_grande_bellezza) ( Paolo Sorrentino (/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino) , 2013) Il Divo (/wiki/Il_divo_(film)) ( Paolo Sorrentino (/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino) , 2008) Mission: Impossible III (/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_III) ( J. J. Abrams (/wiki/J._J._Abrams) , 2006) Il resto di niente (/wiki/Il_resto_di_niente) ( Antonietta De Lillo (/wiki/Antonietta_De_Lillo) , 2005) Opera [ edit ] Cavalleria Rusticana (/wiki/Cavalleria_Rusticana) ( Roberto de Simone (/wiki/Roberto_de_Simone) , Teatro di San Carlo (/wiki/Teatro_di_San_Carlo) , 2007) Nabucco (/wiki/Nabucco) with Roberta Guidi di Bagno (/w/index.php?title=Roberta_Guidi_di_Bagno&action=edit&redlink=1) ( S. Vizioli (/w/index.php?title=S._Vizioli&action=edit&redlink=1) ), Choregies d'Orange (/wiki/Choregies_d%27Orange) ) Romeo and Juliet (/w/index.php?title=Romeo_and_Juliet_(opera)&action=edit&redlink=1) ( D. Deane (/w/index.php?title=D._Deane&action=edit&redlink=1) , Victoria and Albert Hall (/w/index.php?title=Victoria_and_Albert_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1) ) Television [ edit ] L'Oro di Scampia (/w/index.php?title=L%27Oro_di_Scampia&action=edit&redlink=1) ( M. Pontecorvo (/w/index.php?title=M._Pontecorvo&action=edit&redlink=1) , 2014) Il clan dei Camorristi (/w/index.php?title=Il_clan_dei_Camorristi&action=edit&redlink=1) ( A. Angelina (/w/index.php?title=A._Angelina&action=edit&redlink=1) and A. Sweet (/w/index.php?title=A._Sweet&action=edit&redlink=1) , 2013) Applausi e sputi (/w/index.php?title=Applausi_e_sputi&action=edit&redlink=1) ( R. Tognazzi (/w/index.php?title=R._Tognazzi&action=edit&redlink=1) , 2012) La nuova squadra - Spaccanapoli (/w/index.php?title=La_nuova_squadra_-_Spaccanapoli&action=edit&redlink=1) ( Alberto Bader (/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Bader&action=edit&redlink=1) , 2008) Board service [ edit ] Between 2009 and 2013 Ciancio has been a member of the board of the European Film Academy (/wiki/European_Film_Academy) (EFA), European Film Award – Berlin and she is a jury member of the David di Donatello (/wiki/David_di_Donatello) since 2005. Teaching [ edit ] Since 2004 Ciancio has taught costume design in, among other places, the “Scuola del Cinema Gianmaria Volonte’” (Rome) and “Lab Costume”. Awards and honors [ edit ] Year Won / Nominated Award For 2005 won David di Donatello for Best Costumes (/wiki/David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Costumes) Il resto di niente (/wiki/Il_resto_di_niente) won Ciak d'oro (/wiki/Ciak_d%27oro) Il resto di niente won Premio Piero Tosi Italia Film Festival Il resto di niente won Capitello d'Oro Sannio Film Festival Il resto di niente won Diamanti al Cinema CinCinecittà Holding/Kineo Il resto di niente won Diploma honoris causa (/wiki/Honoris_causa) in Fashion Design Istituto Europeo di Design (/wiki/Istituto_Europeo_di_Design) Il resto di niente 2006 nominated Nastro d'Argento (/wiki/Nastro_d%27Argento) Il resto di niente nominated Premio 35mm Il resto di niente 2007 won Cavalleria Rusticana 2008 won Premio Umberto Tirelli Capri/Holliwood Il Divo (/wiki/Il_divo_(film)) 2009 won Premio Piero Tosi Italia Film Festival Il Divo won Premio Girulá Don Giovanni Ritorna dalla Guerra 2009 nominated David di Donatello Il Divo nominated Ciak d'oro Il Divo 2013 nominated Nastro d'Argento La grande bellezza (/wiki/La_grande_bellezza) References [ edit ] External links [ edit ] http://www.esquire.com/blogs/mens-fashion/great-beauty-daniela-ciancio-interview (http://www.esquire.com/blogs/mens-fashion/great-beauty-daniela-ciancio-interview) Hollywoodreproter.com (http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/great-beauty/review/526135) Esquire.com (http://www.esquire.com/blogs/mens-fashion/the-great-beauty-style-2013?click=feed) Kineo.info (https://web.archive.org/web/20140201213634/http://www.kineo.info/vincitori3.htm) Cinemaitalino.info (http://www.cinemaitaliano.info/news/02560/a-daniela-ciancio-e-michael-o-connor-i-premi.html) Nonsolocinema.com (http://www.nonsolocinema.com/I-premi-del-Sannio-Film-Fest-2005.html) Vivitelese.it (http://www.vivitelese.it/archivio/archivio%202005/arte%20spettacolo%20turismo/Sannio%20Film%20Fest/billy%2012.htm) Authority control databases (/wiki/Help:Authority_control) International VIAF (https://viaf.org/viaf/308178955) WorldCat (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqVPFRkf3BgdHwD3B8pyd) National Germany (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1048544303) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐dc899b7cc‐t7mqh Cached time: 20240720172141 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.190 seconds Real time usage: 0.319 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 459/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10140/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 509/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7092/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.125/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2273698/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 286.338 1 -total 40.53% 116.055 1 Template:Short_description 28.87% 82.678 1 Template:Authority_control 27.12% 77.654 1 Template:No-footnotes 24.06% 68.899 1 Template:Ambox 17.50% 50.121 4 Template:Main_other 16.70% 47.826 1 Template:SDcat 14.70% 42.093 2 Template:Pagetype 3.35% 9.579 1 Template:Reflist 1.50% 4.286 2 Template:Yesno-no Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:41690408-0!canonical and timestamp 20240720172141 and revision id 1195346924. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniela_Ciancio&oldid=1195346924 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniela_Ciancio&oldid=1195346924) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 1965 births (/wiki/Category:1965_births) Living people (/wiki/Category:Living_people) Italian costume designers (/wiki/Category:Italian_costume_designers) Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli alumni (/wiki/Category:Accademia_di_Belle_Arti_di_Napoli_alumni) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles lacking in-text citations from February 2014 (/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_February_2014) All articles lacking in-text citations (/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations) Articles with VIAF identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers) Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_WorldCat_Entities_identifiers) Articles with GND identifiers (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers)
Israeli clothing company Cassidi דן קסידי בע"מ Company type Private company (/wiki/Private_company) Industry Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) Founded 1993 ; 31 years ago ( 1993 ) in Tel Aviv (/wiki/Tel_Aviv) , Israel (/wiki/Israel) Headquarters Rishon Lezion (/wiki/Rishon_Lezion) , Israel (/wiki/Israel) Area served Israel (/wiki/Israel) Bulgaria (/wiki/Bulgaria) Key people Moshe Ben Shitrit (Founder and CEO) Asher Ben Shitrit(CEO Director) Products Clothing (/wiki/Clothing) , fashion accessories (/wiki/Fashion_accessories) Number of employees 230 Website www (http://www.cassidiboutique.com/) .cassidiboutique (http://www.cassidiboutique.com/) .com (http://www.cassidiboutique.com/) Cassidi ( Hebrew (/wiki/Hebrew_language) : קסידי ) is an Israeli clothing company specializing in women's fashion. History [ edit ] The chain has 35 stores, with locations in Israel (/wiki/Israel) and Bulgaria (/wiki/Bulgaria) . [1] (#cite_note-Cassidi-1) It is owned by the Cassidi and Ben Shitrit families. In 2010, the chain expanded its activity in Eastern Europe with a third store in a new outlet mall in the Bulgarian capital of Sofia. [2] (#cite_note-2) Spokesmodels [ edit ] Linda Vojtová (/wiki/Linda_Vojtov%C3%A1) See also [ edit ] Israeli fashion (/wiki/Israeli_fashion) Economy of Israel (/wiki/Economy_of_Israel) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-Cassidi_1-0) Cassidi: About Us (http://www.cassidiboutique.com/site/EN/aboutus.aspx) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090614202515/http://www.cassidiboutique.com/site/EN/aboutus.aspx) June 14, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) ^ (#cite_ref-2) Cassidi Boutique opens outlet store in Bulgaria (http://www.novinite.com/articles/111560/Israel%27s+Cassidi+Boutique+Opens+Outlet+Store+in+Bulgaria) External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.cassidiboutique.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐wb9jj Cached time: 20240710175139 Cache expiry: 1836502 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.246 seconds Real time usage: 0.326 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1452/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11873/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1678/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3585/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.160/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15152403/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 311.804 1 -total 38.58% 120.291 1 Template:Infobox_company 35.13% 109.539 1 Template:Infobox 30.04% 93.673 1 Template:Lang-he 22.10% 68.908 1 Template:Short_description 12.71% 39.643 2 Template:Pagetype 6.48% 20.191 1 Template:Reflist 5.65% 17.607 8 Template:Main_other 4.66% 14.542 1 Template:SDcat 3.44% 10.740 1 Template:URL Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:28916055-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710175139 and revision id 1232898910. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cassidi&oldid=1232898910 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cassidi&oldid=1232898910) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Clothing brands (/wiki/Category:Clothing_brands) Clothing companies of Israel (/wiki/Category:Clothing_companies_of_Israel) Clothing retailers of Israel (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_Israel) Israeli brands (/wiki/Category:Israeli_brands) Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links (/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links) Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Articles containing Hebrew-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text)
American fashion designer and businesswoman Monika Chiang Born ( 1974-05-22 ) May 22, 1974 (age 50) New York City Occupation Fashion Designer Label Monika Chiang Website monikachiang.com (http://www.monikachiang.com) Monika Chiang (born May 22, 1974) is an American fashion designer (/wiki/Fashion_designer) and businesswoman based in New York City (/wiki/New_York_City) . [1] (#cite_note-1) Double Seven [ edit ] Chiang founded the lounge Double Seven in New York City's meatpacking district with restaurateur Jeffrey Jah and David Rabin in the summer of 2005, [2] (#cite_note-2) and served as its managing partner. [3] (#cite_note-3) The restaurant's drink selection featured cocktails developed by Chiang that were covered by media outlets including PBS (/wiki/PBS) , [4] (#cite_note-4) the New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) , [5] (#cite_note-Miles-5) and the Toronto Star (/wiki/Toronto_Star) . The restaurant moved locations in July 2007. [6] (#cite_note-Barnard-6) Fashion line [ edit ] In 2011, Chiang began an eponymously named fashion collection, which included apparel, handbags, shoes, lingerie and jewellery. The Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) described the line as "an ode to romance in seaside pales". [7] (#cite_note-7) That year Chiang opened her first boutique in Los Angeles on Robertson Boulevard in West Hollywood (/wiki/West_Hollywood) . [8] (#cite_note-8) The official opening was on October 10, 2011, and was attended by film actresses and other celebrities. [9] (#cite_note-9) In November 2011 Chiang launched a pop-up shop (/wiki/Pop-up_retail) in the SoHo (/wiki/SoHo) neighbourhood of New York City, near the intersection of Prince Street and West Broadway (/wiki/West_Broadway) . [10] (#cite_note-10) Chiang presented her first full collection as part of the Fall 2012 Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week at Lincoln Center in New York City on February 10, 2012. That same month her designs were featured in Vogue Magazine (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . [11] (#cite_note-11) Chiang next opened a flagship store in New York's SoHo district in April 2012. [12] (#cite_note-12) In June 2012 Marie Claire magazine (/wiki/Marie_Claire) called Chiang "one to watch" after her first year of designing. [13] (#cite_note-13) On September 6, 2012, Chiang presented her first spring line as a part of Spring 2013 Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week, with a show at The Box at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts (/wiki/Lincoln_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts) . The full line was covered by publications including Forbes Magazine (/wiki/Forbes_Magazine) , [14] (#cite_note-14) and New York Magazine (/wiki/New_York_Magazine) . [15] (#cite_note-15) On December 4, 2012, Chiang's New York boutique was featured on the television show Million Dollar Decorators (/wiki/Million_Dollar_Decorators) , showing the redesign of Chiang's store provided by interior designer Mary McDonald. [16] (#cite_note-16) In 2013 Chiang showed her second fall/winter line at New York Fashion Week. [17] (#cite_note-17) That year she was named by Harper's Bazaar (/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar) as one of the world's 17 most promising accessories designers. [18] (#cite_note-18) Overall, her style has been described by New York Magazine (/wiki/New_York_Magazine) as designs "which have a chic, rock-and-roll twist and fuse both masculine and feminine styles". [19] (#cite_note-19) She has stated that she only creates clothing that she would wear herself. [20] (#cite_note-20) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week / Designers / Monika Chiang" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120815182638/http://www.mbfashionweek.com/designers/monika_chiang) . Archived from the original (http://www.mbfashionweek.com/designers/monika_chiang) on August 15, 2012 . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Victoria de Silverio (September 4, 2005). "Go on and Talk, It's Encouraged" (https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/04/fashion/sundaystyles/04boite.html) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) Christine Landry (December 1, 2006). "All Shook Up" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121216182420/http://specialevents.com/caterers/events_shook_20061212/#ixzz2Iw2zAqls) . Special Events Magazine. Archived from the original (http://specialevents.com/caterers/events_shook_20061212/#ixzz2Iw2zAqls) on December 16, 2012 . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Try a Chocolate Tasting Plate" (https://www.pbs.org/realsimple/episodes/17/117-x2.html) . PBS (/wiki/PBS) . April 29, 2006 . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-Miles_5-0) Miles, Jonathan (April 1, 2007). "Part Tux, Part Pajamas" (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/01/fashion/01shake.html?ref=fashion&_r=0) . New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) . Retrieved July 15, 2023 . ^ (#cite_ref-Barnard_6-0) Linda Barnard (April 11, 2007). "Creative cocktails crafted by hand" (https://www.thestar.com/article/201552) . Toronto Star (/wiki/Toronto_Star) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) Melissa Magsaysay (September 25, 2011). "Monika Chiang, high and mighty" (http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/25/image/la-ig-monikachiang-20110925) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Brown, Rachel (October 10, 2011). "Monika Chiang Store Bows in Los Angeles" (http://www.wwd.com/retail-news/specialty-stores/monika-chiang-store-bows-5281109) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Hollie McKay (October 26, 2011). "Celebrity Sightings: Sofia Vergara, Bar Refaeli, Blake Lively and More..." (http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2011/10/26/celebrity-sightings-sofia-vergara-bar-refaeli-blake-lively-and-more/) Fox News (/wiki/Fox_News) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Best Bet: Biddy Case" (http://nymag.com/thecut/2011/11/best-bet-biddy-case.html) . New York Magazine (/wiki/New_York_Magazine) . November 17, 2011 . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) Esther Adams (February 2012). "The Verdict Is In: Pajama Dressing" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130925095958/http://www.vogue.com/vogue-daily/article/the-verdict-is-in-pajama-dressing/#4) . Vogue Magazine (/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)) . Archived from the original (http://www.vogue.com/vogue-daily/article/the-verdict-is-in-pajama-dressing/#4) on September 25, 2013 . Retrieved April 3, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Jessica Iredale. "Monika Chiang Opens SoHo Store" (http://www.wwd.com/retail-news/designer-luxury/monika-chiang-opens-soho-store-5855631) . Women's Wear Daily (/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Abby Gardner (July 24, 2012). "One to Watch: Monika Chiang" (http://www.marieclaire.com/blog/designer-monika-chiang) . Marie Claire magazine (/wiki/Marie_Claire) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Monika Chiang - Presentation - Spring 2013 Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week" (https://www.forbes.com/pictures/ehlm45hmjj/monika-chiang-presentation-spring-2013-mercedes-benz-fashion-week-2/) . Forbes Magazine (/wiki/Forbes_Magazine) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Monika Chiang: Spring 2013" (http://nymag.com/thecut/fashion/shows/2013/spring/new-york/rtw/monika-chiang.html) . New York Magazine (/wiki/New_York_Magazine) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Million Dollar Decorators Season 2, Episode 4" (http://www.bravotv.com/million-dollar-decorators/season-2/videos/monika-chiangs-soho-store) . Bravo (/wiki/Bravo_(U.S._TV_channel)) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-17) Michelle Doucette (January 22, 2013). "Guide To NYC Fashion Week" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestravelguide/2013/01/22/guide-to-nyc-fashion-week/) . Forbes Magazine (/wiki/Forbes_Magazine) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-18) "ACCESSORIES BAZAAR: SPRING 2012" (http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-articles/accessories-bazaar-spring-2012#slide-5) . Harper's Bazaar . Spring 2002 . Retrieved April 3, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-19) Noelia de la Cruz. "Monika Chiang profile" (http://nymag.com/listings/stores/monika-chiang/) . New York Magazine (/wiki/New_York_Magazine) . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . ^ (#cite_ref-20) "7 Designers You Need to Know: Monika Chiang" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130109201706/http://living.msn.com/style-beauty/fashion/7-designers-you-need-to-know#1) . InStyle (/wiki/InStyle) . Archived from the original (https://living.msn.com/style-beauty/fashion/7-designers-you-need-to-know#1) on January 9, 2013 . Retrieved January 24, 2013 . External links [ edit ] Official website (https://www.monikachiang.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.eqiad.main‐6f5ccb59c8‐t7bs9 Cached time: 20240623161803 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.452 seconds Real time usage: 0.758 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2466/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 36927/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1707/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 74031/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.281/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7200950/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 584.980 1 -total 38.19% 223.427 1 Template:Reflist 37.63% 220.150 1 Template:Infobox_fashion_designer 19.82% 115.938 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 19.01% 111.230 4 Template:Cite_web 17.99% 105.219 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 14.63% 85.562 1 Template:Short_description 9.99% 58.446 11 Template:Cite_magazine 8.55% 49.994 2 Template:Pagetype 6.24% 36.523 19 Template:Main_other Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:37645212-0!canonical and timestamp 20240623161803 and revision id 1230248574. 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This file does not require a rating on Wikipedia's content assessment (/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment) scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject) : France (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France) France portal (/wiki/Portal:France) This file is within the scope of WikiProject France (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of France (/wiki/France) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_France) and see a list of open tasks. France Wikipedia:WikiProject France Template:WikiProject France France articles Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) Fashion portal (/wiki/Portal:Fashion) This file is within the scope of WikiProject Fashion (/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fashion) , a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Fashion (/wiki/Fashion) on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion (/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Fashion) and see a list of open tasks. Fashion Wikipedia:WikiProject Fashion Template:WikiProject Fashion fashion articles NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5d8cb9d5d4‐hwm8b Cached time: 20240721235625 Cache expiry: 864000 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] DiscussionTools time usage: 0.010 seconds CPU time usage: 0.191 seconds Real time usage: 0.304 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 310/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 15797/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 17/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12297/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.145/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1575245/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 269.590 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell 100.00% 269.590 1 -total 46.89% 126.403 1 Template:WikiProject_France 27.62% 74.470 1 Template:WikiProject_Fashion 1.69% 4.565 2 Template:Pagetype Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:68694028-0!canonical and timestamp 20240721235625 and revision id 1232851246. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File_talk:Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg&oldid=1232851246 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File_talk:Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg&oldid=1232851246) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : File-Class France articles (/wiki/Category:File-Class_France_articles) NA-importance France articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_France_articles) All WikiProject France pages (/wiki/Category:All_WikiProject_France_pages) File-Class fashion articles (/wiki/Category:File-Class_fashion_articles) NA-importance fashion articles (/wiki/Category:NA-importance_fashion_articles)
Made to order, usually one-of-kind For other uses, see Bespoke (disambiguation) (/wiki/Bespoke_(disambiguation)) . A bespoke tailoring (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) coat The bespoke shoe (/wiki/Bespoke_shoe) lasts of Queen Victoria (/wiki/Queen_Victoria) from 1898 and Earl Mountbatten of Burma (/wiki/Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma) at John Lobb Bootmaker (/wiki/John_Lobb_Bootmaker) in London The word bespoke ( / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) b ə ˈ s p oʊ k / (/wiki/Help:IPA/English) ) has evolved from a verb meaning 'to speak for something', to its contemporary usage as an adjective (/wiki/Adjective) . Originally, the adjective bespoke described tailor-made suits and shoes. Later, it described anything commissioned to a particular specification (altered or tailored to the customs, tastes, or usage of an individual purchaser). In contemporary usage, bespoke has become a general marketing and branding concept implying exclusivity and limited runs. [1] (#cite_note-NewsweekBespoke-1) [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) [3] (#cite_note-BespokeThis-3) Origin [ edit ] Bespoke is derived from the verb bespeak , meaning to "speak for something". [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) The particular meaning of the verb form is first cited from 1583 [3] (#cite_note-BespokeThis-3) and given in the Oxford English Dictionary (/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary) : "to speak for, to arrange for, engage beforehand: to 'order' (goods)." The adjective "bespoken" means "ordered, commissioned, arranged for" and is first cited from 1607. [4] (#cite_note-4) [5] (#cite_note-5) According to Collins English Dictionary (/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary) , the term was generally British English (/wiki/British_English) in 2008. [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) American English (/wiki/American_English) more commonly uses the word custom instead, [6] (#cite_note-SafireBespoke-6) as in custom-made, custom car (/wiki/Custom_car) , or custom motorcycle (/wiki/Custom_motorcycle) . Nevertheless, bespoke has seen increased usage in American English during the 21st century. [3] (#cite_note-BespokeThis-3) History [ edit ] The word bespoke is most known for its "centuries-old relationship" with tailor-made suits (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) , [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) but the Oxford English Dictionary (/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary) also ties the word to shoemaking in the mid-1800s. [7] (#cite_note-Offthewall-7) Although it is now used as an adjective, it was originally used as the past participle (/wiki/Past_participle) of bespeak . [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) According to a spokesperson for Collins English Dictionary, it later came to mean to discuss , and then to the adjective describing something that was discussed in advance , which is how it came to be associated with tailor-made apparel. [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) The word was used as an adjective in A Narrative of the Life of Mrs Charlotte Charke , the 1755 autobiography of the actress Charlotte Charke (/wiki/Charlotte_Charke) , which refers to The Beaux' Stratagem (/wiki/The_Beaux%27_Stratagem) as "a bespoke play". [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) After that, the adjective was generally associated with men's tailor-made suits. [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) Before about the 19th century, most clothing was made to measure (/wiki/Made_to_measure) , or bespoke, whether made by professional tailors (/wiki/Tailor) or dressmakers (/wiki/Dressmaker) , or as often, at home. The same applied to many other types of goods. With the advent of industrialised ready to wear (/wiki/Ready_to_wear) clothing, bespoke became largely restricted to the top end of the market, and is now normally considerably more expensive, at least in developed countries. At some point after that, the word bespoke came to be applied to more than tailoring, although it is unclear exactly when. [7] (#cite_note-Offthewall-7) Mark-Evan Blackman of the Fashion Institute of Technology (/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Technology) in New York told The Wall Street Journal (/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) in 2012 that the "bespoke proliferation may be tied to young Hollywood types becoming enamored with custom suits about a decade ago". [7] (#cite_note-Offthewall-7) The Wall Street Journal article said that "language purists" were not happy, while suit makers said the word had been "bastardized". [7] (#cite_note-Offthewall-7) Contemporary usage [ edit ] Fitting of a bespoke jacket In 1990, American writer William Safire (/wiki/William_Safire) questioned in a New York Times (/wiki/New_York_Times) article what had become of "custom, a word fading from our fashion vocabulary in a blizzard of British usage". [6] (#cite_note-SafireBespoke-6) In a play on words, he wrote of the snob appeal [3] (#cite_note-BespokeThis-3) of the word: "To be suitably trendy, bespeak to me of bespoke tailoring." [6] (#cite_note-SafireBespoke-6) Gentlemen's Quarterly (/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_Quarterly) magazine wrote that the word was "gaining in popularity", meaning "the opposite of off-the-rack". [8] (#cite_note-GQBespoke-8) In its contemporary usage, it implies exclusivity, and is used as an aid in marketing [1] (#cite_note-NewsweekBespoke-1) and branding. [9] (#cite_note-Branding-9) A 2014 India Today (/wiki/India_Today) article described bespoke as an emerging branding trend that marketers would need to embrace. [9] (#cite_note-Branding-9) A 2001 google search of "bespoke and software" produced 50,000 hits, many not in the UK or the US. [10] (#cite_note-Empire-10) The New York Times quoted an Indian tech director as saying the "global communications boom" contributed to a "superset of English vocabulary"; [10] (#cite_note-Empire-10) another business writer explained that software companies in India were accustomed to adapting their language depending on the client, so that switching between bespoke software and custom software was the equivalent of switching between lift and elevator or queue and line . [10] (#cite_note-Empire-10) By 2008, the term was more often used to describe software, database and computer applications than suits, shirts or shoes. [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) The BBC News (/wiki/BBC_News) Magazine wrote in 2008 that the word had increasingly been used to describe things other than websites, suits and shoes—like cars and furniture. [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) Some examples of usage of the word are: bespoke medicine (/wiki/Bespoke_medicine) (a movement to better fit treatment to the individual patient), [7] (#cite_note-Offthewall-7) bespoke portfolio (/wiki/Bespoke_portfolio_(CDO)) (an investment tool), [7] (#cite_note-Offthewall-7) bespoke shoes (/wiki/Bespoke_shoes) (shoes that are made to fit the customer's specifications), [11] (#cite_note-11) bespoke software (/wiki/Bespoke_software) (software written to the specific requirement of a customer), [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) and bespoke tailoring (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) (clothing made to the individual measurements of the customer). [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) Deborah Tannen (/wiki/Deborah_Tannen) , a Georgetown University (/wiki/Georgetown_University) linguistics professor, told The New York Times that "Americans associate it with the British upper class", adding that the word for Americans tapped into "our individualism. We want everything made special for us. Even when it comes to salad bars." [3] (#cite_note-BespokeThis-3) As of 2012 [update] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bespoke&action=edit) , there were 39 applications using the term bespoke at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (/wiki/U.S._Patent_and_Trademark_Office) , with half of those having been filed only in the previous 18 months. [7] (#cite_note-Offthewall-7) The Wall Street Journal said that the term had started to proliferate in corporations and among investors a few years before that. [7] (#cite_note-Offthewall-7) A writer in The Independent (/wiki/The_Independent) said that consumers no longer wanted to "keep up with the Joneses", but wanted to set themselves apart, saying that the bespoke drive was anti-tradition, and about a desire to be different rather than identify collectively with others. [12] (#cite_note-Delusions-12) Newsweek (/wiki/Newsweek) described the word as "monstrously distorted, abused and otherwise mangled into near meaninglessness", saying that anything can now be labeled "bespoke". [1] (#cite_note-NewsweekBespoke-1) The same Newsweek writer used the word as a verb to describe ordering a custom-made pair of glasses ("bespeaking a pair of spectacles"). [1] (#cite_note-NewsweekBespoke-1) One French bespoke shirtmaker was said to offer 400 shades of white, to satisfy vendor-customer relationships and desire for custom-made items. [1] (#cite_note-NewsweekBespoke-1) The New York Times devoted an article to bespoke cocktails, which they described as "something devised on the spot to a customer's precise and sometimes peculiar specifications". [13] (#cite_note-PleasureNYT-13) In another article, The New York Times described bespoke perfumes' taking the "world of personalization to an entirely new level". [14] (#cite_note-14) A 2016 The New York Times article describes a satirical video about bespoke water and observed: [3] (#cite_note-BespokeThis-3) "The B word has become an increasingly common branding lure employed by interior design companies, publishers, surgeons and pornographers. There are bespoke wines, bespoke software, bespoke vacations, bespoke barber shops, bespoke insurance plans, bespoke yoga, bespoke tattoos, even bespoke medical implants." [3] (#cite_note-BespokeThis-3) A 2022 Saveur Magazine (/wiki/Saveur_Magazine) article described the humble guacamole as "...bespoke: Diners could make their guac mild, medium, or hot". [15] (#cite_note-15) UK tailoring controversy [ edit ] Further information: Bespoke tailoring (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) The UK Savile Row Bespoke Association (/wiki/Savile_Row_Bespoke_Association) has requirements for a garment to use the term bespoke , but those requirements are not followed by some manufacturers. [1] (#cite_note-NewsweekBespoke-1) In 2008, the British Advertising Standards Agency (/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)) allowed a company, Sartoriani, to use bespoke to describe its suits, causing a controversy with the Savile Row (/wiki/Savile_Row) tailors who use the word to describe custom handmade suits. [2] (#cite_note-BBCBespoke-2) Related terms [ edit ] Look up bespoke (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bespoke) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Antonyms (/wiki/Antonym) include "off-the-shelf" and " ready-to-wear (/wiki/Ready-to-wear) " Related term: " modding (/wiki/Modding) ", a DIY (/wiki/DIY) slang (/wiki/Slang) term meaning personalization (/wiki/Personalization) of an item after manufacture Synonyms (/wiki/Synonym) include "custom-made" and "made to order" See also [ edit ] Bespoke shoes (/wiki/Bespoke_shoes) Bespoke tailoring (/wiki/Bespoke_tailoring) Custom-fit (/wiki/Custom-fit) Mass customization (/wiki/Mass_customization) Haute couture (/wiki/Haute_couture) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f Foulkes, Nick (30 January 2009). "Top shelf: The elusive meaning of 'bespoke' (http://www.newsweek.com/top-shelf-elusive-meaning-bespoke-77705) " (http://www.newsweek.com/top-shelf-elusive-meaning-bespoke-77705) . Newsweek . Retrieved 24 April 2018 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "What does 'bespoke' mean?" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/7463790.stm) . BBC News Magazine . 19 June 2008 . Retrieved 24 April 2018 . ^ a b c d e f g Farber, Jim (8 August 2016). "Bespoke This, Bespoke That. Enough Already" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/12/fashion/mens-style/bespoke-word-meaning-usage-language.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 24 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Bespeak". The Oxford English Dictionary (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. 1909. ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Bespoken". The Oxford English Dictionary (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. 1909. ^ a b c Safire, William (9 December 1990). "On Language; Bespokesman" (https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/09/magazine/on-language-bespokesman.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 24 April 2018 . ^ a b c d e f g h Ovide, Shira (7 May 2012). "Off the wall: To some, nothing speaks like 'Bespoke'—Term Once used for custom tailoring now suits many; London's original artisans aren't amused". Wall Street Journal . p. 31. ^ (#cite_ref-GQBespoke_8-0) "What 'bespoke' means" (https://www.gq.com/story/bespoke) . Gentlemen's Quarterly . 14 March 2001 . Retrieved 24 April 2018 . ^ a b Ahmad, Ashwin (12 October 2014). "A personal touch to branding" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/branding-personalised-perfumes-cars-brands-222784-2014-10-12) . IndiaToday . Retrieved 25 April 2018 . ^ a b c Race, Tim (27 August 2001). "In software empire, the sun never sets on 'bespoke' ". The New York Times (Late Edition (East Coast) ed.). p. C.4. ^ (#cite_ref-11) Carl, Michael (6 June 2012). "Custom Cobbling" (http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2012/06/six-best-custom-bespoke-mens-shoes) . Vanity Fair (/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)) . Retrieved 16 November 2015 . ^ (#cite_ref-Delusions_12-0) Raven, Charlotte (3 December 2010). "Delusions of grandeur" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/bespoke-delusions-of-grandeur-2149825.html) . The Independent . Retrieved 25 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-PleasureNYT_13-0) Schaap, Rosie (25 March 2016). "What's Your Pleasure?" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/magazine/whats-your-pleasure.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 24 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) Sullivan, Paul (13 March 2015). "A Bespoke Perfume Doesn't Come Cheap" (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/14/your-money/designing-personal-perfumes.html) . The New York Times . Retrieved 24 April 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) Emily Saladino (2 November 2022). "The Unlikely Origins of Tableside Guacamole" (https://www.saveur.com/culture/food-history-tableside-guacamole/) . Saveur Magazine . 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A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection (/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest) with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view (/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view) . Please discuss further on the talk page (/wiki/Talk:Wearsafe) . ( September 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message (/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal) ) This article is an orphan (/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan) , as no other articles link to it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere&target=Wearsafe&namespace=0) . Please introduce links (/wiki/Help:Link) to this page from related articles (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=Wearsafe&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Wearsafe) ; try the Find link tool (https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Wearsafe) for suggestions. ( September 2016 ) Wearsafe is an American personal safety company located in Hartford (/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut) , CT. Their primary wearable technology (/wiki/Wearable_technology) is a device that uses bluetooth (/wiki/Bluetooth) technology to connect a button-like Tag with a smartphone app. [1] (#cite_note-1) When pressed, the Tag alerts a user's selected network of the location of the emergency, as well as sending a live audio feed of the incident to a group chat function. Wearsafe's mission is to "make the world a safer place by redefining the way people seek and provide help"-- by reaching a wide variety of customers, including outdoors sportsmen and anyone looking to control their personal safety, including preventing sexual assault (/wiki/Sexual_assault) . [2] (#cite_note-2) History and Mission [ edit ] Wearsafe was created in response to the Cheshire Home Invasion Murders (/wiki/Cheshire,_Connecticut,_home_invasion_murders) of 2007. The founders, David Benoit and Phillip Giancarlo, began work on the technology in 2011 with copatent providers Rick Borden, Kyle Busque and Keven Busque. The company has received significant investments from Ravi Singh, Yogasmogo and other investors. [3] (#cite_note-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The goal of Wearsafe Labs is to "connect students with trusted contacts, enabling them to feel safe wherever they are." [5] (#cite_note-5) Wearsafe is designed to both aid victims in an emergency and deter attackers. According to Digital Trends (/wiki/Digital_Trends) , former U.S. Secret Service special agent (/wiki/Special_agent) Rich Starpoli, who served Presidents George W. Bush (/wiki/George_W._Bush) and Bill Clinton (/wiki/Bill_Clinton) , says “with the knowledge that students could be wearing a Wearsafe-connected device, a college or university creates a significant deterring effect.” [6] (#cite_note-6) Products [ edit ] Tag [ edit ] The Wearsafe Tag is a small, wearable button that operates similarly to other wearable personal safety devices: by connecting to a smartphone (/wiki/Smartphone) . [7] (#cite_note-7) The device also works without a smartphone, but is limited to 200 ft (70 m) from the location. [8] (#cite_note-8) According to the Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) , "Activating the Wearsafe tag not only triggers a set of alerts sent to a designated list of contacts, but sends live location information and audio from the scene and opens a 'virtual situation room' between respondents in order to coordinate help (or call 911). The 'Rewind' function [plays] audio recorded in the 60 seconds prior to activation to provide context. Whatever action taken on a call for distress, the tag vibrates the reassure the caller that help is on the way: [9] (#cite_note-9) The Wearsafe Tag buffers (/wiki/Data_buffer) live audio whenever it is turned on. App [ edit ] Wearsafe's Tag pairs with a mobile app (/wiki/Mobile_app) to connect with the user's selected network. The Wearsafe Tag sends GPS coordinates and audio context to the network. In an article in Law Technology Today (/w/index.php?title=Law_Technology_Today&action=edit&redlink=1) , Attorney N. Kane Bennett, a former Massachusetts prosecutor and current litigator in civil matters, concluded that “an audio recording from the actual incident, in real time, is incredibly powerful evidence in a criminal or civil case.” [10] (#cite_note-10) The app provides reassurance to the victim that help is on the way-- which Secret Service Agents, Navy SEALS, and CIA Agents "pointed out that people who have reassurance that help is on the way have a much, much higher probability of a successful outcome in a stressful situation." [11] (#cite_note-11) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Courant, Hartford (23 January 2016). "CT Duo Create Wearable Safety Tag Inspired By 2007 Cheshire Home Invasion" (http://www.courant.com/hometown-heroes/hc-hometown-hero-wearsafe-labs-david-benoit-20160124-story.html) . Retrieved 2016-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) "The Wearsafe Tag could be a game-changer in fighting sexual assault" (http://www.digitaltrends.com/wearables/wearsafe-tag/) . 2016-03-06 . Retrieved 2016-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Wearsafe Labs lands nearly $3M investment" (http://www.hartfordbusiness.com/article/20151210/NEWS01/151219999/wearsafe-labs-lands-nearly-3m-investment) . Retrieved 2016-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Yoga pants of the future may have panic buttons" (http://www.techinsider.io/yogasmoga-invested-in-wearsafe-panic-buttons-2016-3) . Retrieved 2016-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) Staff, CS (22 July 2016). "Making Students and Their Families Feel Safer and More Confident on Any College Campus" (http://www.campussafetymagazine.com/article/what_can_help_make_students_and_their_families_instantly_feel_safer_and_mor#) . www.campussafetymagazine.com . Retrieved 2016-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "The Wearsafe Tag could be a game-changer in fighting sexual assault" (http://www.digitaltrends.com/wearables/wearsafe-tag/) . 2016-03-06 . Retrieved 2016-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "This startup has a smart ring designed to keep you safe" (https://www.cnet.com/au/news/silicon-valley-wearables-company-nimb-hopes-smart-ring-will-keep-you-safe/) . Retrieved 2016-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "WearSafe Safety Clip" (http://www.humavox.com/blog/wearable-month-wearsafe-safety-clip/) . Retrieved 2015-09-15 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) "How wearable devices can keep you safe - The Boston Globe" (https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2016/08/18/how-wearable-devices-can-keep-you-safe/oX2CpFUTFQUa9FTz5Km13I/story.html) . The Boston Globe (/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) . Retrieved 2016-09-06 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Wearsafe May Change Assault Cases Everywhere - Law Technology Today" (http://www.lawtechnologytoday.org/2016/08/wearsafe-changing-assault-cases/) . www.lawtechnologytoday.org . 18 August 2016 . Retrieved 2017-03-14 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "How This Startup Built a Wearable for Worst-Case Scenarios" (http://www.inc.com/kevin-j-ryan/wearsafe-tag-helps-people-in-distress.html) . Inc.com . 2017-08-22 . Retrieved 2017-03-14 . 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UK-based fashion retailer This article is about the fashion brand. For other uses, see Pretty Little Thing (disambiguation) (/wiki/Pretty_Little_Thing_(disambiguation)) . PrettyLittleThing Company type Subsidiary (/wiki/Subsidiary) Industry Fashion Founded 2012 ; 12 years ago ( 2012 ) Founders Umar Kamani (/wiki/Umar_Kamani) Adam Kamani (/wiki/Adam_Kamani) Headquarters Manchester (/wiki/Manchester) , England Number of locations Manchester, England Los Angeles, California, US Paris, France Area served Worldwide Key people Umar Kamani Paul Papworth Products Clothing Revenue £516.3million (2020) [1] (#cite_note-1) Parent (/wiki/Parent_company) Boohoo Group plc (/wiki/Boohoo.com) Website www (https://www.prettylittlething.com) .prettylittlething (https://www.prettylittlething.com) .com (https://www.prettylittlething.com) PrettyLittleThing is a UK-based fast-fashion (/wiki/Fast_fashion) retailer, aimed at 16- to 41-year-old women. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) The company is owned by Boohoo Group (/wiki/Boohoo.com) and operates in the UK, Ireland, Australia, US, France, Middle East and North Africa. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) [4] (#cite_note-4) The brand's headquarters are in Manchester (/wiki/Manchester) . PrettyLittleThing has offices in London (/wiki/London) , Paris and Los Angeles. [5] (#cite_note-5) History [ edit ] PrettyLittleThing was co-founded in 2012 by brothers Umar (/wiki/Umar_Kamani) and Adam Kamani (/wiki/Adam_Kamani) . [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-7) It started with an accessory only brand with limited products on the site. Since then, the company has expanded and now operates internationally; including the US, Irish, Australian, Middle East, French and Canadian markets. [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-9) The company sells womenswear, footwear, accessories and beauty products. Celebrities, including Miley Cyrus (/wiki/Miley_Cyrus) , Michelle Keegan (/wiki/Michelle_Keegan) , Rita Ora (/wiki/Rita_Ora) , Jessie J (/wiki/Jessie_J) and Nicki Minaj (/wiki/Nicki_Minaj) , were seen wearing their products. [10] (#cite_note-10) In February 2017, the company reported sales of £47.7m. In September 2015, it launched its mobile application in the UK market. [11] (#cite_note-11) In 2016, the brand partnered with ASOS (/wiki/ASOS.com) and Lipsy on their website, as well as through the retailer Next. At this time, the brand also launched their USA site which was celebrated with a Los Angeles party hosted by Kylie Jenner. [2] (#cite_note-:0-2) PrettyLittleThing was owned by the Kamani brothers until January 2017, before being acquired by their father Mahmud Kamani (/wiki/Mahmud_Kamani) 's company Boohoo (/wiki/Boohoo.com) . [12] (#cite_note-12) It acquired 66% stake in the PrettyLittleThing. [13] (#cite_note-13) Throughout 2017, the PrettyLittleThing French website was launched as well as PLT Plus (plus size clothing ranging from 18-30). In November 2017, the firm drew press attention when it was named one of the top-three fastest-growing fashion companies by Hitwise. [14] (#cite_note-14) In February 2019, the brand opened their Los Angeles office on Melrose Avenue. [15] (#cite_note-15) September 2019, PrettyLittleThing debuted at NYFW with their exclusive collaboration with American rapper and singer, Saweetie. [3] (#cite_note-:1-3) In 2020, Boohoo acquired the remainder of PrettyLittleThing. [16] (#cite_note-16) In March 2020, the brand opened their Paris showroom with a collaboration with the French YouTuber Sananas (/w/index.php?title=Sananas&action=edit&redlink=1) . [17] (#cite_note-17) [18] (#cite_note-18) In June 2020, PrettyLittleThing launched their Middle Eastern website. [19] (#cite_note-19) During August 2023, Boohoo group opened their first US distribution centre. The one-million-square-foot warehouse located in Elizabeth Town, Philadelphia is set to considerably reduce delivery times for American shoppers. [20] (#cite_note-20) Alongside the warehouse launch, PrettyLittleThing hosted their East Coast Student Pop Up Tour. [21] (#cite_note-21) The tour saw a pink branded school bus travel across 12 US states and hosted pop ups at a total of 19 college campuses. Collaborations [ edit ] In October and November 2015, PrettyLittleThing launched collections with reality actress Lucy Mecklenburgh (/wiki/Lucy_Mecklenburgh) . [22] (#cite_note-22) They collaborated with American reality television personality Kylie Jenner (/wiki/Kylie_Jenner) , [23] (#cite_note-23) who hosted a launch party in Los Angeles. [24] (#cite_note-24) In October 2016, PrettyLittleThing launched their party wear collection with Sofia Richie (/wiki/Sofia_Richie) . [25] (#cite_note-25) They signed LA influencer Chantel Jeffries (/wiki/Chantel_Jeffries) as their brand ambassador. [26] (#cite_note-26) In August 2017, the online retailer launched a collection with American personality Olivia Culpo (/wiki/Olivia_Culpo) . [27] (#cite_note-27) [28] (#cite_note-28) In October 2017, PrettyLittleThing launched a collection with American reality television personality and businesswoman Kourtney Kardashian (/wiki/Kourtney_Kardashian) . [29] (#cite_note-29) [30] (#cite_note-30) In May 2018, the brand announced a collaboration with streetwear label Karl Kani (/wiki/Karl_Kani) with a collection fronted by Teyana Taylor (/wiki/Teyana_Taylor) . [31] (#cite_note-31) In June 2018, the brand launched a collaboration with British television and radio presenter Maya Jama (/wiki/Maya_Jama) [32] (#cite_note-32) [33] (#cite_note-33) In September 2018, PrettyLittleThing teamed up with American model Ashley Graham (/wiki/Ashley_Graham_(model)) to launch a collection for sizes 6–28. [34] (#cite_note-34) [35] (#cite_note-35) [36] (#cite_note-36) In November 2018, the brand launched a collection with Hailey Baldwin (/wiki/Hailey_Baldwin) as the face of their Christmas campaign. [37] (#cite_note-37) [38] (#cite_note-38) [39] (#cite_note-39) In February 2019, the brand launched a second collection with American model Ashley Graham (/wiki/Ashley_Graham_(model)) . [40] (#cite_note-40) In June 2019, PrettyLittleThing launched a summer collaboration with American singer, songwriter, record producer Ashanti (/wiki/Ashanti_(singer)) . [41] (#cite_note-41) 2019 also saw the brand launch second collections with Maya Jama (/wiki/Maya_Jama) [42] (#cite_note-42) and Karl Kani (/wiki/Karl_Kani) . [43] (#cite_note-43) In September 2019 PrettyLittleThing launched a collaboration with UK Love Island star Molly-Mae Hague (/wiki/Molly-Mae_Hague) . [44] (#cite_note-44) PrettyLittleThing hosted their first catwalk in New York Fashion Week, releasing their collaboration with Saweetie. [45] (#cite_note-45) [46] (#cite_note-46) In November 2019, they launched a collection with British girl group Little Mix (/wiki/Little_Mix) . [47] (#cite_note-47) [48] (#cite_note-48) [49] (#cite_note-49) PrettyLittleThing launched a collection in June 2020 with proceeds donated to The Solutions Not Punishment Collaborative (SNaP Co), a Black trans-led organisation aimed at transforming material realities for Black transgender people. [50] (#cite_note-50) [51] (#cite_note-51) June 2020 also saw the launch of a second collaboration with Saweetie (/wiki/Saweetie) , with all proceeds going to Black Lives Matter (/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter) . [52] (#cite_note-52) [53] (#cite_note-53) In September 2020 PrettyLittleThing launched their second collaboration with UK Love Island star Molly-Mae Hague. [54] (#cite_note-54) [55] (#cite_note-55) October 2020 saw the brand team up and collaborate with entrepreneur Jordyn Woods (/wiki/Jordyn_Woods) . [56] (#cite_note-56) [57] (#cite_note-57) In November 2020, PrettyLittleThing released their collaboration with Lil Kim (/wiki/Lil_Kim) . [58] (#cite_note-58) November also saw the brand launch their homeware collection with PLT Home. [59] (#cite_note-59) In December 2020, Teyana Taylor (/wiki/Teyana_Taylor) was announced as Creative Director. [60] (#cite_note-60) January 2021, saw the launch of PrettyLittleThing x Teyana Taylor (/wiki/Teyana_Taylor) . [61] (#cite_note-61) In August 2021, they announced Molly-Mae Hague as their new Creative Director. Molly-Mae has since stepped down from the role to prioritise her life as a mum, which was announced in June 2023. [62] (#cite_note-62) In 2022, PrettyLittleThing launched its marketplace which allows customers to re-sell their old clothes. [63] (#cite_note-63) In September 2022, PrettyLittleThing announced UK Love Island (/wiki/Love_Island_(franchise)) star Indiyah Polack as their newest Brand Ambassador, Indiyah has since been a prominent face of the PrettyLittleThing brand. [64] (#cite_note-64) [65] (#cite_note-65) In September 2023 the firm launched a worldwide campaign with supermodel Naomi Campbell. [66] (#cite_note-66) Controversy [ edit ] On November 26, 2021, PrettyLittleThing launched 'Pink Friday' (which was a play on Black Friday), where the fast-fashion brand discounted merchandise up to 100% off. This sale caused a controversy with many sustainable shoppers and activists, who pointed out the poor wages of workers and large amounts of waste that PrettyLittleThing contributes to landfills in Africa. This resulted in the critics who questioned the brand's actions over social media being blocked by Umar Kamani. [67] (#cite_note-67) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Annual Report 2020" (https://www.boohooplc.com/sites/boohoo-corp/files/all-documents/result-centre/2020/boohoo-com-plc-annual-report-2020-hyperlink.pdf) (PDF) . Retrieved 22 June 2020 . ^ a b Wood, Zoe (14 December 2016). "Boohoo spends £3.3m on cofounder's sons' company" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/dec/14/boohoo-spends-33m-on-cofounders-sons-company) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ a b "Boohoo snaps up PrettyLittleThing fashion brand" (https://www.ft.com/content/b943106a-ff64-330b-a0a9-da946a79bd3c) . Financial Times (/wiki/Financial_Times) . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-4) "Boohoo acquires PrettyLittleThing for £3.3m" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/boohoo-acquires-prettylittlething-for-3-3m) . Drapers . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Kourtney Kardashian and PrettyLittleThing get together to celebrate collection" (http://www.latimes.com/fashion/la-ig-wwd-pretty-little-thing-kourtney-kardashian-20171026-story.html) . Los Angeles Times (/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) Stevens, Ben (29 June 2017). "PrettyLittleThing crowned fastest growing online fashion retailer - Retail Gazette - retail news" (https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2017/06/prettylittlething-crowned-fastest-growing-online-fashion-retailer/) . Retail Gazette . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-7) "Who owns the high street: the Kamani family and Carol Kane" (https://www.drapersonline.com/companies/the-kamani-family-and-carol-kane) . Drapers . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-8) Bourne, Dianne (30 April 2015). "Umar Kamani on making Pretty Little Thing the next big thing" (https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/umar-kamani-making-pretty-little-9150671) . Manchester Evening News (/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News) . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-9) Hendriksz, Vivian. "PrettyLittleThing is the fastest growing global consumer brand by search interest" (https://fashionunited.com/news/retail/prettylittlething-is-the-fastest-growing-global-consumer-brand-by-search-interest/2017120518634) . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-10) "Fashion retailers top list of fastest growing brands in 2017" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/11/29/fashion-retailers-top-list-fastest-growing-brands-2017/kourtney-kardashian-pretty-little-things-commercial/) . The Telegraph (/wiki/The_Telegraph_(London)) . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Boohoo.com founder's son racks up sales of £30m with online fashion venture PrettyLittleThing" (https://www.retail-week.com/sectors/fashion/boohoo-founders-son-racks-up-30m-annual-sales-with-prettylittlething/7003066.article) . Retail Week . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-12) Wood, Zoe (20 December 2016). "Young, quick and very hip: Missguided and PrettyLittleThing hit the big time" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/dec/17/missguided-pretty-little-thing-hit-big-time-fast-fashion-generation-z) . The Guardian (/wiki/The_Guardian) . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-13) Stevens, Ben (14 December 2016). "Boohoo acquires Pretty Little Thing in £3.3 million deal - Retail Gazette" (https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2016/12/boohoo-acquires-pretty-little-thing-in-3-pounds-3-pence-million-deal/) . Retail Gazette . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "PrettyLittleThing tops global brand survey, beating Gucci, Louis Vuitton - Internet Retailing" (https://internetretailing.com.au/prettylittlething-tops-global-brand-survey-beating-gucci-louis-vuitton/) . Internet Retailing . 6 December 2017 . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "First look: PrettyLittleThing opens LA office" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/first-look-prettylittlething-opens-la-office) . Drapers Online . July 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Boohoo stitches up ownership of PrettyLittleThing for £324m" (https://www.ft.com/content/b1550369-b294-4bc0-8581-0ab31470329a) . The Financial Times . July 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-17) "PrettyLittleThing keen to make its flamboyant fashion an international hit" (https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Prettylittlething-keen-to-make-its-flamboyant-fashion-an-international-hit,1194958.html) . Fashion Network . July 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-18) "Canon! Sananas collaborates with PrettyLittleThing" (https://www.aufeminin.com/news-style/sananas-collabore-avec-pretty-little-thing-s4010101.html) . Aufeminin . November 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-19) "UK-based retailer PrettyLittleThing launches Middle East website" (https://www.arabnews.com/node/1694251/lifestyle) . Arab News . 6 December 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-20) Davey, James (16 May 2023). "Boohoo targets 'step-change' in U.S. fortunes with new warehouse" (https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/boohoo-targets-step-change-us-fortunes-with-new-warehouse-2023-05-16/) . Reuters (/wiki/Reuters) . ^ (#cite_ref-21) US, FashionNetwork com. "PrettyLittleThing hosts US college campus pop-ups" (https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/Prettylittlething-hosts-us-college-campus-pop-ups,1558289.html) . FashionNetwork.com . Retrieved 8 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-22) "Lucy Mecklenburgh - Red Carpet Fashion Awards" (http://www.redcarpet-fashionawards.com/category/blog/blog-celebrities/lucy-mecklenburgh/) . Red Carpet Fashion Awards . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-23) Begum, Shelina (30 June 2017). "PrettyLittleThing, the Manchester brand supported by Kylie Jenner and Sofia Ritchie, is ranked fastest growing online fashion company" (https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/prettylittlething-manchester-brand-supported-kylie-13262982) . Manchester Evening News (/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News) . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-24) Shenton, Zoe (13 April 2017). "Lucy Mecklenburgh and Kylie Jenner take over LA fashion event" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/lucy-mecklenburgh-mark-wright-jorgie-10216670) . Mirror (/wiki/Mirror.co.uk) . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-25) Medina, Marcy (12 October 2016). "Sofia Richie Fronts First Celebrity Campaign for U.K. Fast-Fashion E-Tailer PrettyLittleThing" (http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/sofia-richie-ad-campaign-prettylittlething-10673708/) . WWD . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-26) "PrettyLittleThing Announces Chantel Jeffries as First US Brand Ambassador - VIVA GLAM MAGAZINE" (http://vivaglammagazine.com/prettylittlething-announces-chantel-jeffries-as-first-us-brand-ambassador/) . vivaglammagazine.com . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-27) "Olivia Culpo Talks Pasta, #Haters, and Her Seriously Stunning Clothing Collection" (http://www.instyle.com/news/olivia-culpo-pretty-little-thing-collaboration-launch) . InStyle.com . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-28) "PrettyLittleThing x Olivia Culpo Launch Party Red Carpet Roundup - Red Carpet Fashion Awards" (http://www.redcarpet-fashionawards.com/2017/08/18/prettylittlething-x-olivia-culpo-launch-party-red-carpet-roundup/) . Red Carpet Fashion Awards . 18 August 2017 . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-29) "The 6 ~Sexiest~ Looks from Kourtney Kardashian's PrettyLittleThing Fashion Collab" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/style-beauty/fashion/a13098172/kourtney-kardashian-pretty-little-thing-fashion-collection/) . Cosmopolitan . 26 October 2017 . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-30) Hamanaka, Kari (26 October 2017). "PrettyLittleThing Parties With Kourtney Kardashian to Celebrate Collection" (http://wwd.com/eye/parties/prettylittlething-kourtney-kardashian-collection-11037000-11037000/) . WWD . Retrieved 18 March 2018 . ^ (#cite_ref-31) " (https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/938972/90s-streetwear-is-back-in-a-big-way-thanks-to-prettylittlething-x-karl-kani) '90s Streetwear Is Back In a Big Way Thanks to PrettyLittleThing x Karl Kani" (https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/938972/90s-streetwear-is-back-in-a-big-way-thanks-to-prettylittlething-x-karl-kani) . E! News . 25 May 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-32) "Our Top 5 Picks From Maya Jama's Pretty Little Thing Collaboration" (https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/maya-jama-pretty-little-thing-collaboration_uk_5b3201bee4b0b5e692f10dd3) . HuffPost UK . 26 June 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-33) Thornhill, Emily (25 June 2018). "Introducing Maya Jama's '90s Collection For PrettyLittleThing" (https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/maya-jama-pretty-little-thing-collection) . British Vogue . ^ (#cite_ref-34) "Ashley Graham models new inclusive collection for PrettyLittleThing" (https://www.standard.co.uk/fashion/ashley-graham-inclusive-prettylittlething-a3944811.html) . Evening Standard . 25 September 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-35) "Here's What You Missed at the PrettyLittleThing x Ashley Graham Collab Party" (https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/971795/here-s-what-you-missed-at-the-prettylittlething-x-ashley-graham-collab-party) . E! News . 27 September 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-36) Capon, Laura (25 September 2018). "Here's every single item in Ashley Graham's PrettyLittleThing collection" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/fashion/style/g23452326/ashley-graham-pretty-little-thing-dresses-pictures/) . Cosmopolitan . ^ (#cite_ref-37) Rhue, Holly (14 November 2018). "Hailey Baldwin on Her PrettyLittleThing Campaign and Whether She'd Design Her Own Clothing Line" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/celebrity-style/a25103331/hailey-baldwin-pretty-little-thing-interview/) . ELLE . ^ (#cite_ref-38) Newis-Smith, Josh (6 November 2018). "Hailey Baldwin shares her ultimate festive dressing guide and the beauty products she can't live without" (https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/hailey-baldwin-pretty-little-thing-christmas-collection-interview) . Glamour UK . ^ (#cite_ref-39) Knight, Kathryn (1 November 2018). "Hailey Baldwin teams up with affordable UK brand for Christmas collection" (https://www.ok.co.uk/lifestyle/fashion/1503563/prettylittlething-hailey-baldwin-christmas-campaign-fashion-holida-season-party) . OK! Magazine . ^ (#cite_ref-40) "Here's every single item in Ashley Graham's PrettyLittleThing collection" (https://www.cosmopolitan.com/uk/fashion/style/g23452326/ashley-graham-pretty-little-thing-dresses-pictures/) . OK! Magazine . July 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-41) "Exclusive: Ashanti wants women to 'embrace their bodies' with her new PLT collection" (https://www.her.ie/style/exclusive-ashanti-wants-women-embrace-bodies-new-plt-collection-471125) . her . July 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-42) "The PrettyLittleThing x Maya Jama Part 2 collection is GORGEOUS" (https://www.shemazing.net/the-prettylittlething-x-maya-jama-part-2-collection-is-gorgeous/) . SHEmazing! . 29 January 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-43) "PrettyLittleThing Just Dropped a Second Collab with Karl Kani and We're Here For All the Unisex Looks" (https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/1004970/prettylittlething-just-dropped-a-second-collab-with-karl-kani-and-we-re-here-for-all-the-unisex-looks) . E! News . 15 January 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-44) "Molly-Mae's PrettyLittleThing collection is literally life" (https://heatworld.com/shopping/fashion/molly-mae-prettylittlething-collection/) . Heatworld . 20 July 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-45) "NYFW: Saweetie Hosts Celeb-Filled Fashion Show With PrettyLittleThing" (https://www.essence.com/fashion/nyfw-saweetie-hosts-celeb-filled-fashion-show-with-prettylittlething/) . Essence . 20 July 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-46) "Saweetie to show PrettyLittleThing collection at NYFW" (https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/saweetie-to-show-prettylittlething-collection-at-nyfw/2019090545102/) . Fashion United . 20 July 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-47) "10 Looks We're Loving from the New Little Mix PrettyLittleThing Range" (https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/1090849/10-looks-we-re-loving-from-the-new-little-mix-prettylittlething-range) . E! Online . 20 July 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-48) "Little Mix joined by star-studded crowd for PrettyLittleThing launch" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/little-mix-joined-star-studded-20829320) . Mirror . 20 July 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-49) "Little Mix's PrettyLittleThing collection has dropped and it's perfect for party season" (https://heatworld.com/style/celebrity/little-mix-pretty-little-thing-collection/) . Heatworld . 20 July 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-50) "PrettyLittleThing launch Pride collection and it's a vibe" (https://heatworld.com/shopping/fashion/prettylittlething-pride-collection/) . Mirror . November 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-51) "PrettyLittleThing launch Pride collection and there's 20% off the website now" (https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/style/shopping/prettylittlething-launch-pride-collection-theres-22169743) . Mirror . November 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-52) "PrettyLittleThing And Saweetie Launch Second Collection, Proceeds Go To BLM" (https://www.essence.com/fashion/saweetie-pretty-little-thing-black-lives-matter/) . Essence . 20 July 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-53) "Saweetie and PrettyLittleThing Just Released a Clothing Collab, 100% of Proceeds to Black Lives Matter" (https://www.seventeen.com/fashion/celeb-fashion/g32733515/saweetie-prettylittlething-clothing-line-black-lives-matter/) . Seventeen . 20 July 2019. ^ (#cite_ref-54) "The PrettyLittleThing x Molly Mae collection just dropped and wowza" (https://heatworld.com/shopping/fashion/prettylittlething-molly-mae/) . Heatworld . November 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-55) "The PrettyLittleThing x Molly Mae collection just dropped and wowza" (https://www.ok.co.uk/lifestyle/fashion/molly-mae-pretty-little-thing-22545319) . OK! . November 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-56) "Make Headlines With Jordyn Woods' New PrettyLittleThing Collab" (https://www.eonline.com/news/1199167/make-headlines-with-jordyn-woods-new-prettylittlething-collab) . E Online . November 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-57) "Jordyn Woods Talks Her Latest PrettyLittleThing Collab" (https://www.essence.com/fashion/jordyn-woods-talks-her-latest-prettylittlething-collab/) . Essence . November 2020. ^ (#cite_ref-58) "Lil' Kim Debuts Her Super-Sexy PrettyLittleThing Collection, Proves She's Still a Fashion Muse" (https://people.com/style/lil-kim-debuts-prettylittlething-collection/) . People . February 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-59) "PrettyLittleThing to launch homeware" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/pretty-little-thing-to-launch-homeware) . Drapers . February 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-60) "Teyana Taylor on Her New Role as PrettyLittleThing Creative Director: 'No One Can Put Me in a Box' (https://people.com/style/teyana-taylor-pretty-little-thing-creative-director/) " (https://people.com/style/teyana-taylor-pretty-little-thing-creative-director/) . People . February 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-61) "9 Things You Need From the PrettyLittleThing x Teyana Taylor Collection to Up Your Style Game" (https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/1230957/9-things-you-need-from-the-prettylittlething-x-teyana-taylor-collection-to-up-your-style-game) . E Online . February 2021. ^ (#cite_ref-62) "Molly-Mae Hague steps down from PrettyLittleThing role to focus on being a mum" (https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65982667) . BBC News . 22 June 2023 . Retrieved 28 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-63) "PrettyLittleThing Marketplace app: Greenwashing or a step forward?" (https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-62766792) . BBC News . 2 September 2022 . Retrieved 15 December 2022 . ^ (#cite_ref-64) https://metro.co.uk/2022/09/01/love-island-indiyah-polack-signs-six-figure-prettylittlething-deal-17280206/ (https://metro.co.uk/2022/09/01/love-island-indiyah-polack-signs-six-figure-prettylittlething-deal-17280206/) ^ (#cite_ref-65) https://www.prettylittlething.com/shop-by/collections/indiyah-polack.html (https://www.prettylittlething.com/shop-by/collections/indiyah-polack.html) ^ (#cite_ref-66) Weston, Sabina (31 August 2023). "First look: PrettyLittleThing x Naomi Campbell" (https://www.drapersonline.com/news/first-look-prettylittlething-x-naomi-campbell) . Drapers . Retrieved 8 January 2024 . ^ (#cite_ref-67) Onibada, Ade (29 November 2021). "Activists Are Calling Out Fast Fashion Brand PrettyLittleThing For Its Cyber Monday 100% Off Promotion" (https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/adeonibada/prettylittlething-sale-fast-fashion) . BuzzFeed News . Retrieved 1 December 2021 . External links [ edit ] Official website (http://www.prettylittlething.com/) NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐jg42n Cached time: 20240712213746 Cache expiry: 1650136 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.551 seconds Real time usage: 0.650 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3812/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 115443/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2217/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 236091/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.350/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6490534/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 592.805 1 -total 56.31% 333.783 1 Template:Reflist 35.58% 210.896 42 Template:Cite_web 19.00% 112.626 1 Template:Infobox_company 17.36% 102.904 1 Template:Infobox 13.64% 80.852 1 Template:Short_description 13.46% 79.781 23 Template:Cite_news 9.29% 55.052 2 Template:Pagetype 3.41% 20.216 1 Template:About 2.63% 15.605 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:56869902-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712213746 and revision id 1234156339. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PrettyLittleThing&oldid=1234156339 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PrettyLittleThing&oldid=1234156339) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : 2012 establishments in England (/wiki/Category:2012_establishments_in_England) Companies based in Manchester (/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Manchester) Kamani family (/wiki/Category:Kamani_family) Retail companies established in 2012 (/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_2012) Clothing retailers of the United Kingdom (/wiki/Category:Clothing_retailers_of_the_United_Kingdom) 2020s fashion (/wiki/Category:2020s_fashion) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from June 2020 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2020)
Semi-circular draped garment worn by men in Ancient Rome Pallium over a chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) The pallium was a Roman cloak (/wiki/Cloak) . It was similar in form to the palla (/wiki/Palla_(garment)) , which had been worn by respectable Roman women since the mid-Republican era. [1] (#cite_note-1) It was a rectangular length of cloth, [2] (#cite_note-2) as was the himation (/wiki/Himation) in ancient Greece. It was usually made from wool (/wiki/Wool) [3] (#cite_note-3) or flax (/wiki/Flax) , but for the higher classes it could be made of silk (/wiki/Silk) with the use of gold threads (/wiki/Goldwork_(embroidery)) [4] (#cite_note-4) and embroideries. The garment varied in fineness, colour and ornament. It could be white, purple (/wiki/Purple) red ( purpurea from murex (/wiki/Murex) ), black, [5] (#cite_note-5) yellow, blue, pale green, etc. The pallium was originally considered to be exclusively Greek and despised by Romans, but was favoured by ordinary people, philosophers, and pedagogues (/wiki/Paedagogus_(occupation)) . Tertullian (/wiki/Tertullian) thought it the most appropriate garment for philosophers (/wiki/Philosophers) and Christians (/wiki/Christians) . [6] (#cite_note-6) It is not to be confused with the pallium (/wiki/Pallium) used by Catholic clergy, which is related to the omophorion (/wiki/Omophorion) . See also [ edit ] Clothing in ancient Rome (/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Rome) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Radicke, Jan (2022). 2 pallium – the regular female cloak . De Gruyter. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1515/9783110711554-018 (https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110711554-018) . ISBN (/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) 978-3-11-071155-4 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Tertullian (/wiki/Tertullian) , De Pallio , I ^ (#cite_ref-3) Plautus (/wiki/Plautus) , Miles Gloriosus , III, 1 93 ^ (#cite_ref-4) Virgil (/wiki/Virgil) , Æneid (/wiki/%C3%86neid) , IV 262-264 ^ (#cite_ref-5) Apuleius (/wiki/Apuleius) , The Golden Ass (/wiki/The_Golden_Ass) , XI 3 ^ (#cite_ref-6) (in French) French article about (http://www.tertullian.org/articles/boissier_manteau.htm/) De Pallio Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110108053441/http://tertullian.org/articles/boissier_manteau.htm) 2011-01-08 at the Wayback Machine (/wiki/Wayback_Machine) Bibliography [ edit ] Tertullian (/wiki/Tertullian) , De Pallio Suetonius (/wiki/Suetonius) , De Genere Vestium Judith Lynn Sebesta, The World of Roman Costume , Madison WI, University of Wisconsin Press, 1994 (in French) Gaston Boissier (/wiki/Gaston_Boissier) , Le traité du manteau de Tertullien in "la Revue des Deux Mondes", 94/5, 1889, pp. 50–78 Radicke, Jan: Roman Women's Dress (https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110711554/html) , Berlin: De Gruyter, 2022. v t e Historical clothing (/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles) Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings Body-length (/wiki/Suit) Abolla (/wiki/Abolla) Banyan (/wiki/Banyan_(clothing)) Brunswick (/wiki/Brunswick_(clothing)) Court dress (Empire of Japan) (/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_Empire_of_Japan) Chiton (/wiki/Chiton_(costume)) Frock (/wiki/Frock) Frock coat (/wiki/Frock_coat) Hanfu (/wiki/Hanfu) Justacorps (/wiki/Justacorps) Paenula (/wiki/Paenula) Peplos (/wiki/Peplos) Stola (/wiki/Stola) Toga (/wiki/Toga) Tunic (/wiki/Tunic) Xout lao (/wiki/Xout_lao) Tops (/wiki/Top_(clothing)) Basque (/wiki/Basque_(clothing)) Bedgown (/wiki/Bedgown) Bodice (/wiki/Bodice) Doublet (/wiki/Doublet_(clothing)) Peascod belly (/wiki/Peascod_belly) Poet shirt (/wiki/Poet_shirt) Sbai (/wiki/Sbai) Suea pat (/wiki/Suea_pat) Trousers (/wiki/Trousers) Braccae 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Hats for Vietnamese mandarins Phốc đầu of the Nguyễn dynasty (/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty) Mandarin of the Revival Lê dynasty (/wiki/Revival_L%C3%AA_dynasty) Phốc Đầu ( chữ Hán (/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n) : 幞頭 ) is derived from the Chinese Futou (襆頭) (/wiki/Ming_official_headwear) . It was formal wear for Vietnamese mandarin officials (/wiki/Mandarin_(bureaucrat)) . It is the predecessor to the Mũ cánh chuồn or also called Mũ ô sa , which was derived from the Chinese Wushamao (烏紗帽). Gallery [ edit ] 19th century Phốc Đầu with Kim Bác Sơn This clothing (/wiki/Clothing) -related article is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ph%E1%BB%91c_%C4%90%E1%BA%A7u&action=edit) . v t e NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐58c7647fd9‐dlgh7 Cached time: 20240712220956 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.121 seconds Real time usage: 0.183 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 208/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4027/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 379/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 6224/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.073/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1548176/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 158.774 1 -total 45.70% 72.558 1 Template:Short_description 41.43% 65.774 1 Template:Clothing-stub 39.94% 63.422 1 Template:Asbox 25.59% 40.627 2 Template:Pagetype 12.87% 20.439 2 Template:Main_other 11.24% 17.843 1 Template:SDcat 6.99% 11.100 1 Template:Lang-vi-hantu 5.98% 9.493 1 Template:Vi-nom 3.31% 5.260 1 Template:Italic_title Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:43381722-0!canonical and timestamp 20240712220956 and revision id 1221366402. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phốc_Đầu&oldid=1221366402 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phốc_Đầu&oldid=1221366402) " Categories (/wiki/Help:Category) : Culture of Vietnam (/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Vietnam) Vietnamese headgear (/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_headgear) Clothing stubs (/wiki/Category:Clothing_stubs) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description matches Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata) All stub articles (/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles)
Jaquels Cavallier-Belletrud Born ( 1962-01-24 ) 24 January 1962 (age 62) Grasse (/wiki/Grasse) , France Occupation Perfumer Employer LVMH (/wiki/LVMH) Jacques Cavallier-Belletrud (born 24 January 1962) [1] (#cite_note-JJC-1) is a French perfumer (/wiki/Perfumer) , formerly with the Swiss fragrance and flavor company Firmenich (/wiki/Firmenich) , [2] (#cite_note-LuxAct-2) who currently works for Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) of the LVMH Luxury Group (/wiki/LVMH) . [3] (#cite_note-lexpress-3) He has created or collaborated in the creation of over 80 fragrances and perfumes for fashion house brands such as Parfums Christian Dior (/wiki/Parfums_Christian_Dior) , Parfums Givenchy (/wiki/Parfums_Givenchy) , Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) , Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) , Fenty Beauty (/wiki/Fenty_Beauty) and Lancôme (/wiki/Lanc%C3%B4me) . [4] (#cite_note-L'Express_-_23_November_2011_-_Louis_Vuitton_recrute_un_nez_pour_se_lancer_dans_les_parfums-4) [5] (#cite_note-NST-5) Biography [ edit ] Cavallier was born in Grasse, "the capital of perfume", a town known for centuries for its manufacture of perfumes, [6] (#cite_note-6) [7] (#cite_note-Collins-7) to a family that lived in the town since the 15th century. [8] (#cite_note-newarabia-8) His father and grandfather were also perfumers, whom he credits as having been his greatest influences. [8] (#cite_note-newarabia-8) As a child, his father trained him in the fragrances of natural raw components, [9] (#cite_note-IST-9) and he has stated that the ingredients he considers most essential for perfumers to use include rose (/wiki/Rose) , agar wood (/wiki/Agarwood) , jasmine (/wiki/Jasmine) and orange blossom (/wiki/Orange_blossom) . [8] (#cite_note-newarabia-8) He began working at the age of 10 in perfume factories in Grasse during the summers. [1] (#cite_note-JJC-1) He later studied English and Spanish at the University of Nice (/wiki/University_of_Nice) . [1] (#cite_note-JJC-1) Career [ edit ] He first joined the perfumery company Charabot, [1] (#cite_note-JJC-1) and after three years went to the fine fragrance lab at Quest International (/wiki/Quest_International) in Naarden (/wiki/Naarden) , Netherlands (/wiki/Netherlands) . In 1988 he joined the firm of PFW Aroma Chemicals B.V., and then moved to the fragrance and flavor conglomerate Firmenich in 1990. [1] (#cite_note-JJC-1) At Firmenich, he collaborated with Alberto Morillas (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Morillas) to create Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) 's Truth , Carolina Herrera (/wiki/Carolina_Herrera_(fashion_designer)) 's Chic , Ermenegildo Zegna (/wiki/Ermenegildo_Zegna_Group) 's Essenza di Zegna , Givenchy (/wiki/Givenchy) 's Hot Couture , Oscar de la Renta (/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Renta) 's Intrusion , Van Cleef & Arpels (/wiki/Van_Cleef_%26_Arpels) ' Murmure , Van Cleef & Arpels' Zanzibar for Men , and Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) 's M7 ; he collaborated with Olivier Cresp (/wiki/Olivier_Cresp) to create Cacharel (/wiki/Cacharel) 's Amor Pour Homme Tentation , Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) 's Midnight Poison , Diesel (/wiki/Diesel_(brand)) 's Fuel for Life Unlimited , Lancôme (/wiki/Lanc%C3%B4me) 's Magnifique , Nina Ricci (/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(brand)) 's Nina , Paco Rabanne (/wiki/Paco_Rabanne) 's Pour Elle , Yves Rocher (/wiki/Yves_Rocher) 's So Elixir , and YSL's Elle . [5] (#cite_note-NST-5) [9] (#cite_note-IST-9) He also collaborated with Chantal Roos to create the iconic Issey Miyake (/wiki/Issey_Miyake) L'Eau d'Issey (/wiki/L%27Eau_d%27Issey) in 1991, Jean Paul Gaultier (/wiki/Jean_Paul_Gaultier) 's Women in 1993, Issey Miyake's L'Eau d'Issey for Men , Issey Miyake's Le Feu , and Yves Saint Laurent's Nu . [5] (#cite_note-NST-5) While Tom Ford (/wiki/Tom_Ford) was Creative Director at YSL, Cavallier created for him Cinema, M7, Nu and Rive Gauche (/wiki/Rive_Gauche) Pour Homme , and under Tom Ford's own label Tuscan Leather and Noir de Noir , both with the collaboration of Harry Fremont, who also worked with Cavallier on Calvin Klein (/wiki/Calvin_Klein) 's Man . [9] (#cite_note-IST-9) Despite Cavallier’s extensive knowledge of natural components of fragrances, his biggest successes came from the inclusion in several of his most successful perfumes of a synthetic molecule, methylbenzodioxepinone (8-methyl-1,5-benzodioxepin-3-one), [10] (#cite_note-NYT-10) known in the industry as Calone (/wiki/Calone) 1951 and colloquially as "watermelon ketone". [11] (#cite_note-TGS-11) Calone imparts a light, airy, sea-breeze scent with an aqueous watermelon/melon feel that was used by Cavallier in Aqua di Gio and L'Eau d'Issey in the 1990s [11] (#cite_note-TGS-11) [12] (#cite_note-fragrantica-12) and Bulgari (/wiki/Bulgari) 's Aqva Pour Homme Marine in 2008. [10] (#cite_note-NYT-10) Calone 1951 provides the main "marine" scent in perfumes, [13] (#cite_note-Hügel-13) and Cavallier was among the first perfumers to incorporate this scent into the “water” or “marine” category of fragrances. [10] (#cite_note-NYT-10) Giorgio Armani Acqua di Gio, designed by Jacques Cavallier Cavallier considers his most successful perfumes to be the Giorgio Armani (/wiki/Armani) Acqua di Gio (for men) and the Issey Miyake L’Eau d’Issey (for women). [8] (#cite_note-newarabia-8) [9] (#cite_note-IST-9) He has said that his favorite fragrances created by someone other than himself are Eau Sauvage (/wiki/Eau_Sauvage) by Christian Dior (/wiki/Christian_Dior) , created in 1966 by Edmond Roudnitska (/wiki/Edmond_Roudnitska) , [14] (#cite_note-14) and Opium (/wiki/Opium_(perfume)) by Yves Saint Laurent (/wiki/Yves_Saint_Laurent_(brand)) , created in 1977 by perfumers Jean-Louis Sieuzac, Jean Amic and Raymond Chaillan. [8] (#cite_note-newarabia-8) [15] (#cite_note-15) [16] (#cite_note-16) Cavallier credits the synthetic jasmine-like molecule hedione ( Methyl dihydrojasmonate (/wiki/Methyl_dihydrojasmonate) ) for contributing to the long-lasting freshness characteristic of Eau Savage , and has said that Opium reminds him of the great advances in perfumery that occurred in the late 1970s. [8] (#cite_note-newarabia-8) Cavallier has been described as a perfumer combining artistry with technical expertise, with a “mastery of several olfactory archetypes … [and] has a huge aesthetic range”, according to the New York Times (/wiki/The_New_York_Times) perfume critic Chandler Burr (/wiki/Chandler_Burr) . [10] (#cite_note-NYT-10) In 2012, Cavallier left Firmenich to join the LVMH Luxury Group ( L ouis V uitton M oët H ennessy SE) to formulate the first fragrance for Louis Vuitton, which was expected to be released in 2016. The LVMH Group owns several fragrance brands including Parfums Christian Dior (/wiki/Parfums_Christian_Dior) , Guerlain (/wiki/Guerlain) , Parfums Givenchy (/wiki/Parfums_Givenchy) , Kenzo Parfums (/wiki/Kenzo_(brand)) and Fendi Perfumes. [3] (#cite_note-lexpress-3) [17] (#cite_note-Pursuitist-17) Jacques Cavallier collaborated with veteran perfumer François Demachy (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Demachy) , who was already at LVMH, but Demachy was more involved with the technical and creative direction rather than as an in-house perfumer. [2] (#cite_note-LuxAct-2) LVMH has committed to building a new fragrance laboratory in Grasse, a reconstructed building on the site of a 17th-century bourgeoisie (/wiki/Bourgeoisie) house, initially to be used for development of the Louis Vuitton and Parfums Christian Dior brands. [18] (#cite_note-Luxury-18) With Cavallier joining Louis Vuitton as its Master in-house perfumer, LVMH was said to be following a trend of having dedicated in-house perfumers working on luxury fragrance brands, which includes Jacques Polge (/wiki/Jacques_Polge) at Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) , Jean-Claude Ellena (/wiki/Jean-Claude_Ellena) at Hermès (/wiki/Herm%C3%A8s) , Mathilde Laurent (/wiki/Mathilde_Laurent) at Cartier (/wiki/Cartier_(jeweler)#Perfumes) , Thomas Fontaine at Jean Patou (/wiki/Jean_Patou) , and Thierry Wasser (/wiki/Thierry_Wasser) at Guerlain (/wiki/Guerlain) . [2] (#cite_note-LuxAct-2) Award(s) [ edit ] In 2004, Jacques Cavallier was awarded the Prix François Coty (/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty) , now known as the Prix International du Parfum . [5] (#cite_note-NST-5) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e "Jacques Cavallier:: Yves Saint Laurent Cinema, Issey Miyake L'eau Bleu, Boucheron Trouble, Stella by Stella McCartney, Alexander McQueen Kingdom, Yves Saint Laurent M7, Yves Saint Laurent Nu, Truth Calvin Klein, Carolina Herrera Chic, Givenchy Hot Couture, Bvlgari Pour Homme, Jean Paul Gaultier, Issey Myake L'Eau d'Issey" (http://perfumer.s-perfume.com/JJC/) . perfumer.s-perfume.com . Retrieved 8 May 2016 . ^ a b c "Louis Vuitton Parfums, a new journey" (https://luxuryactivist.com/beauty/louis-vuitton-parfums-a-new-journey/) . Luxury Activist . 2 February 2012 . Retrieved 10 May 2016 . ^ a b "Pas de parfum Louis Vuitton avant 2016" (http://www.lexpress.fr/styles/parfums/pas-de-parfum-louis-vuitton-avant-2016_1296419.html) . LExpress.fr (in French). 4 November 2013 . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-L'Express_-_23_November_2011_-_Louis_Vuitton_recrute_un_nez_pour_se_lancer_dans_les_parfums_4-0) "Louis Vuitton recrute un "nez" pour se lancer dans les parfums" (http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/entreprise/louis-vuitton-recrute-un-nez-pour-se-lancer-dans-les-parfums_271821.html) . L'Express (/wiki/L%27Express_(France)) (in French). 23 November 2011 . Retrieved 28 December 2013 . ^ a b c d "Jacques Cavallier :: Perfumers :: Now Smell This" (http://www.nstperfume.com/perfumers-a-to-e/jacques-cavallier/) . www.nstperfume.com . Retrieved 8 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-6) "History of perfumery" (http://www.museesdegrasse.com/en/history-perfumery) . Musées de Grasse . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Collins_7-0) Collins, Ross (January 1995). "The Scents of a City" (https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~rcollins/travel/Grasse.html) . www.ndsu.edu . Fargo-Moorhead Forum . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . ^ a b c d e f Klein, Calvin. "Exclusive Face to Face with Jacques Cavallier" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120118153119/http://www.newarabia.net/Calvin_Klein_interview.php) . Newarabia . Archived from the original (http://www.newarabia.net/Calvin_Klein_interview.php) on 18 January 2012 . Retrieved 8 May 2016 . ^ a b c d "Notes on Jacques Cavallier" (http://ismellthereforeiam.blogspot.com/2009/06/notes-on-jacques-cavallier.html) . I Smell Therefore I Am . 22 June 2009 . Retrieved 8 May 2016 . ^ a b c d Burr, Chandler (March 6, 2008). "Scent Notes \| Aqva Pour Homme Marine by Bulgari" (http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/03/06/scent-notes-aqva-pour-homme-marine-by-bulgari/) . T Magazine . New York Times . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . ^ a b Luebke, William (30 March 2016). "Watermelon ketone 28940-11-6" (http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1002352.html) . www.thegoodscentscompany.com . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-fragrantica_12-0) "Calone perfume ingredient" (http://www.fragrantica.com/notes/Calone-423.html) . www.fragrantica.com . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Hügel_13-0) Hügel, HM; Drevermann, B; Lingham, AR; Marriott, PJ (June 2008). "Marine fragrance chemistry". Chemistry & Biodiversity . 5 (6). Wiley Publishing: 1034–44. doi (/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) : 10.1002/cbdv.200890083 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcbdv.200890083) . PMID (/wiki/PMID_(identifier)) 18618392 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18618392) . S2CID (/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) 26589937 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26589937) . ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Eau Sauvage by Christian Dior (1966) — Basenotes.net" (http://www.basenotes.net/ID26120547.html) . www.basenotes.net . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-15) "Opium by Yves Saint Laurent (1977) — Basenotes.net" (http://www.basenotes.net/ID10213395.html) . www.basenotes.net . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-16) "Jacques-Cavallier" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150110202112/http://www.osmoz.ti.smile.fr/Magazine/Interviews/Archives/Jacques-Cavallier) . www.osmoz.ti.smile.fr . Archived from the original (http://www.osmoz.ti.smile.fr/Magazine/Interviews/Archives/Jacques-Cavallier) on 10 January 2015 . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Pursuitist_17-0) "Louis Vuitton to debut signature perfume created by Jacques Cavallier-Belletrud – Pursuitist" (http://pursuitist.com/louis-vuitton-to-debut-signature-perfume-created-by-jacques-cavallier-belletrud/) . Pursuitist . 26 October 2011 . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . ^ (#cite_ref-Luxury_18-0) "Louis Vuitton fragrance plans revealed" (https://luxuryactivist.com/beauty/louis-vuitton-fragrance-plans-revealed/) . Luxury Activist . 5 March 2014 . Retrieved 9 May 2016 . 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Traditional clothing of the Sámi people Sámi politician Kirsti Guvsám (/w/index.php?title=Kirsti_Guvs%C3%A1m&action=edit&redlink=1) [ no (https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirsti_Guvs%C3%A1m) ] is wearing Lule Sámi clothing, not a Northern Sámi gákti (/wiki/G%C3%A1kti) and boagán. Sámi clothing is clothing used by the Sámi (/wiki/Sami_people) . The style of clothing they use varies among regions and language groups, but there are many common or similar elements. Traditional elements are often included in modern Sámi clothing to signify Sámi identity. [1] (#cite_note-1) [2] (#cite_note-2) Elements and outfits (using the Northern Sámi language (/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_language) terms) include: Beaska (/wiki/Beaska) , a traditional Sámi fur coat, made of reindeer Boagán, belt Four Winds hat (/wiki/Four_Winds_hat) ( šávká or čiehgahpir ), a traditional Sámi headgear Gákti (/wiki/G%C3%A1kti) , traditional Sámi clothing Liidni, traditional Sámi shawl Ládjogahpir (/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A1djogahpir&action=edit&redlink=1) [ no (https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornlue) ] , a traditional Sámi women's hat with a horn-shaped top Luhkka (/wiki/Luhkka) , traditional Sámi winter clothing Nutukas (/wiki/Nutukas) , Sámi boots Vuotta, shoe bands References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) Pedersen, Kari-Anne. "Folk Dress" (https://norskfolkemuseum.no/en/folk-dress) . Oslo, Norway: Norsk Folkemusuem . Retrieved 8 October 2021 . ^ (#cite_ref-2) Svensson, Tom G. (1992). "Clothing in the Arctic: a means of protection, a statement of identity". Arctic : 62–73. JSTOR (/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) 40511193 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/40511193) . External links [ edit ] Koslin, Desiree (2010). "The Way of Sami Duodji: From Nomadic Necessity to Trademarked Lifestyle" (https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/30) . Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings . Retrieved 8 October 2021 . "Clothing of Sami People" (https://www.tota.world/article/108/) . TOTA: Traditions of the Ancestors . Retrieved 8 October 2021 . NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐dfb86547b‐qbmgm Cached time: 20240710154102 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.287 seconds Real time usage: 0.369 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 706/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9178/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 843/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12963/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.203/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 16489632/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 346.130 1 -total 33.74% 116.783 1 Template:Reflist 32.17% 111.367 2 Template:Lang 28.31% 97.990 2 Template:Cite_web 20.23% 70.034 1 Template:Short_description 12.14% 42.016 2 Template:Pagetype 5.31% 18.391 2 Template:Ill 5.16% 17.856 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 4.53% 15.683 6 Template:Main_other 3.69% 12.783 1 Template:SDcat Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:51245095-0!canonical and timestamp 20240710154102 and revision id 1206677557. Rendering was triggered because: page-view esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sámi_clothing&oldid=1206677557 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sámi_clothing&oldid=1206677557) " Category (/wiki/Help:Category) : Sámi clothing (/wiki/Category:S%C3%A1mi_clothing) Hidden categories: Articles with short description (/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description) Short description is different from Wikidata (/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata) Use dmy dates from October 2021 (/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2021) Articles containing Swedish-language text (/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Swedish-language_text)
Australian fashion model Fernanda Lý Ly in 2018 Born Fernanda Hin Lin Ly ( 1995-10-22 ) October 22, 1995 (age 28) Sydney (/wiki/Sydney) , Australia (/wiki/Australia) Modeling information Height 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) Hair color Black Eye color Brown Agency DNA Models (/w/index.php?title=DNA_Models&action=edit&redlink=1) (New York) Priscilla’s Model Management (Sydney) (mother agency) [1] (#cite_note-1) Fernanda Hin Lin Ly [2] (#cite_note-2) (born October 22, 1995) is an Australian fashion model. She is best known for her pink hair. [3] (#cite_note-3) Early life [ edit ] Ly is of Chinese-Vietnamese descent. [4] (#cite_note-4) Career [ edit ] Ly was discovered at a mall and debuted as a Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) exclusive, gaining overnight attention for her pink hair. [5] (#cite_note-5) Before modelling, Ly studied architecture. [6] (#cite_note-6) Ly has been on the cover of Vogue Australia, Teen Vogue (/wiki/Teen_Vogue) , and Vogue Italia (/wiki/Vogue_Italia) . [7] (#cite_note-7) [8] (#cite_note-8) [9] (#cite_note-SCMP-9) In 2017, she appeared in two ad campaigns for Kate Spade New York (/wiki/Kate_Spade_New_York) . [10] (#cite_note-10) She has also been in advertisements for Chanel (/wiki/Chanel) Beauty, [11] (#cite_note-11) [ non-primary source needed ] American Eagle Outfitters (/wiki/American_Eagle_Outfitters) , [12] (#cite_note-12) Forever 21 (/wiki/Forever_21) , Dior (/wiki/Dior) , [9] (#cite_note-SCMP-9) Tiffany & Co. (/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co.) , [13] (#cite_note-13) Gap Inc. (/wiki/Gap_Inc.) , [14] (#cite_note-14) Louis Vuitton (/wiki/Louis_Vuitton) , and H&M (/wiki/H%26M) . In addition to her modelling career, Ly runs a YouTube (/wiki/YouTube) channel called Ferntube (https://www.youtube.com/@FERNTUBEFernandaLy) (stylised in all caps (/wiki/All_caps) ), which has been active since 2020. [15] (#cite_note-15) References [ edit ] ^ (#cite_ref-1) "Fernanda Ly - Model" (https://models.com/models/fernanda-ly) . Models.com. ^ (#cite_ref-2) "Meet Model of the Moment Fernanda Hin Lin Ly" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/model-fernanda-hin-lin-ly-pink-hair) . Teen Vogue . 16 March 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-3) "Taking the Pink Plunge! How Dyeing My Hair Changed My Life" (https://www.vogue.com/article/pink-hair-dye-bleach-double-process-fernanda-ly) . Vogue . 8 February 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-4) Ly, Fernanda (19 March 2018). "Fernanda Ly on racial dysphoria and being the only Asian model at casting calls" (https://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/fernanda-ly-on-racial-dysphoria-and-being-the-only-asian-model-at-casting-calls/news-story/54a4a13ec0ceb314545651a9815c93b3) . Vogue.com.au . ^ (#cite_ref-5) "Modern Muses" (https://www.allure.com/story/modern-muses) . Allure . 15 May 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-6) "Who's That Girl? Meet Fernanda Ly, the Pink-Haired Model Who Stole the Louis Vuitton Show" (https://www.vogue.com/article/fernanda-ly-pink-hair-louis-vuitton-model) . Vogue . 17 March 2015. ^ (#cite_ref-7) Team, The Vogue (17 March 2018). "Models Akiima, Charlee Fraser, Andreja Pejić and Fernanda Ly cover Vogue Australia's April 2018 issue" (https://www.vogue.com.au/fashion/news/models-akiima-charlee-fraser-andreja-peji-and-fernanda-ly-cover-vogue-australias-april-2018-issue/image-gallery/8c4aed49a89684da8ea2edd4ad2d39da) . Vogue.com.au . ^ (#cite_ref-8) "How Supermodel Fernanda Ly Became the Girl of the Moment — Without Millions of Followers" (https://www.teenvogue.com/story/fernanda-ly-model-dec-jan-cover) . Teen Vogue . 18 November 2015. ^ a b "Meet the pink-haired, Chinese Australian model taking the fashion industry by storm" (https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/fashion-luxury/article/2133294/meet-pink-haired-chinese-australian-model-taking-fashion) . South China Morning Post . 15 February 2018. ^ (#cite_ref-10) "FERNANDA LY RETURNS AS THE FACE OF KATE SPADE FOR HOLIDAY 2017" (https://fashionweekdaily.com/fernanda-ly-returns-face-kate-spade-holiday-2017/) . Daily Front Row . 27 October 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-11) "Fernanda Ly - Chanel" (http://www.dnamodels.com/newsletter/?p=17966) . DNA Models . ^ (#cite_ref-12) "American Eagle's New Campaign Is a Who's Who Guide to "Young America" (https://www.instyle.com/fashion/clothing/american-eagle-outfitters-spring-2017-we-all-can-campaign) " (https://www.instyle.com/fashion/clothing/american-eagle-outfitters-spring-2017-we-all-can-campaign) . InStyle . ^ (#cite_ref-13) "Tiffany & Co. First Luxury Jeweler to Launch Custom Snapchat Lens" (https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tiffany-snapchat-lens-915317) . The Hollywood Reporter . 28 July 2016. ^ (#cite_ref-14) "Gap Brings Together 14 Famous Faces for Its "Bridging the Gap" Film" (https://www.elle.com/fashion/news/a45731/gap-bridging-the-gap-campaign/) . Elle . 6 June 2017. ^ (#cite_ref-15) "FERNTUBE (Fernanda Ly) - YouTube" (https://www.youtube.com/@FERNTUBEFernandaLy/about) . YouTube . Retrieved 11 February 2023 . This article about a model in Australia is a stub (/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub) . 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