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Job prospects for construction engineers generally have a strong cyclical variation. For example, starting in 2008 and continuing until at least 2011, job prospects have been poor due to the collapse of housing bubbles in many parts of the world. This sharply reduced demand for construction, forced construction profess... | Wikipedia - Construction engineering | null | null | null |
Joe L. Kincheloe has published numerous social and educational books on critical constructivism (2001, 2005, 2008), a version of constructivist epistemology that places emphasis on the exaggerated influence of political and cultural power in the construction of knowledge, consciousness, and views of reality. In the con... | Wikipedia - Constructivism (philosophy of science) | null | null | null |
Joel R. Primack's team at the University of California, Santa Cruz, partnered with Anatoly Klypin's group at New Mexico State University, in Las Cruces to run and analyze the Bolshoi simulations. Further analysis and comparison with observations by Risa Wechsler's group at Stanford and others are reflected in the paper... | Wikipedia - Bolshoi Cosmological Simulation | null | null | null |
Joel Spruck (Johns Hopkins University) - A Personal Tribute to Louis Nirenberg Akito Futaki (Yau Center, Tsinghua) - Deformation Quantization, and Obstructions to the Existence of Closed Star Products Jean-Pierre Demailly (Institut Fourier, Grenoble) - Holomorphic Morse Inequalities, Old and New Tristan Collins (MIT) -... | Wikipedia - Geometry Festival | null | null | null |
Joey Chaos was unveiled by Hanson Robotics at the 2007 RoboBusiness Conference and Expo in Boston, MA. The robot was created to study human-robot interaction and has camera eyes to track human faces and speech recognition software. | Wikipedia - Hanson Robotics | null | null | null |
Johann August Ernesti Johann Gottfried Herder Friedrich August Wolf Georg Anton Friedrich Ast | Wikipedia - Radical hermeneutics | null | null | null |
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach and other monogenists such as Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon were believers in the "Degeneration theory" of racial origins the theory claims that races can degenerate into "primitive" forms. Blumenbach claimed that Adam and Eve were white and that other races came about by degenerati... | Wikipedia - Devolution (biology) | null | null | null |
Blumenbach however stated: I have allotted the first place to the Caucasian because this stock displays the most beautiful race of men. According to Blumenbach the other races are supposed to have degenerated from the Caucasian ideal stock. Blumenbach denied that his "Degeneration theory" was racist, he also wrote thre... | Wikipedia - Devolution (biology) | null | null | null |
Johann Stichlmair developed electroextraction at the University of Essen in Germany in 1987 as an improvement on liquid-liquid extraction in an electric field. Electric fields are applied to enhance the demixing of a sample in a two-phase system. However, as current flows through the system, the resulting convective mi... | Wikipedia - Electroextraction | null | null | null |
Two or three liquid phases that are electrically conductive and immiscible with one another are kept between electrodes, and upon addition of an electric field, charged particles travel from one phase to another separating anions and cations. A two-phase system brings anions into one phase and cations into the other. A... | Wikipedia - Electroextraction | null | null | null |
Convective mixing is restricted to each phase and does not travel between phases. A diagram is given in figure 1. | Wikipedia - Electroextraction | null | null | null |
Organic phases that are used typically have small amounts of water added in order to be conductive. Other possible phases include mixtures of water and highly polymerized substances, or water with non-ionic surfactants. Electroextraction has also influenced the development of similar electrophoretic separation techniqu... | Wikipedia - Electroextraction | null | null | null |
Johannes Kepler's work Stereometrica Doliorum formed the basis of integral calculus. Kepler developed a method to calculate the area of an ellipse by adding up the lengths of many radii drawn from a focus of the ellipse.A significant work was a treatise, the origin being Kepler's methods, written by Bonaventura Cavalie... | Wikipedia - Differential and integral calculus | null | null | null |
The formal study of calculus brought together Cavalieri's infinitesimals with the calculus of finite differences developed in Europe at around the same time. Pierre de Fermat, claiming that he borrowed from Diophantus, introduced the concept of adequality, which represented equality up to an infinitesimal error term. T... | Wikipedia - Differential and integral calculus | null | null | null |
In his works, Newton rephrased his ideas to suit the mathematical idiom of the time, replacing calculations with infinitesimals by equivalent geometrical arguments which were considered beyond reproach. He used the methods of calculus to solve the problem of planetary motion, the shape of the surface of a rotating flui... | Wikipedia - Differential and integral calculus | null | null | null |
He did not publish all these discoveries, and at this time infinitesimal methods were still considered disreputable. These ideas were arranged into a true calculus of infinitesimals by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who was originally accused of plagiarism by Newton. | Wikipedia - Differential and integral calculus | null | null | null |
He is now regarded as an independent inventor of and contributor to calculus. His contribution was to provide a clear set of rules for working with infinitesimal quantities, allowing the computation of second and higher derivatives, and providing the product rule and chain rule, in their differential and integral forms... | Wikipedia - Differential and integral calculus | null | null | null |
Newton was the first to apply calculus to general physics and Leibniz developed much of the notation used in calculus today. : 51–52 The basic insights that both Newton and Leibniz provided were the laws of differentiation and integration, emphasizing that differentiation and integration are inverse processes, second a... | Wikipedia - Differential and integral calculus | null | null | null |
Newton derived his results first (later to be published in his Method of Fluxions), but Leibniz published his "Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis" first. Newton claimed Leibniz stole ideas from his unpublished notes, which Newton had shared with a few members of the Royal Society. | Wikipedia - Differential and integral calculus | null | null | null |
This controversy divided English-speaking mathematicians from continental European mathematicians for many years, to the detriment of English mathematics. A careful examination of the papers of Leibniz and Newton shows that they arrived at their results independently, with Leibniz starting first with integration and Ne... | Wikipedia - Differential and integral calculus | null | null | null |
Newton called his calculus "the science of fluxions", a term that endured in English schools into the 19th century. : 100 The first complete treatise on calculus to be written in English and use the Leibniz notation was not published until 1815. Since the time of Leibniz and Newton, many mathematicians have contributed... | Wikipedia - Differential and integral calculus | null | null | null |
Johannes von Kries, whose theory of rods and three color-sensitive cone types in the retina has survived as the dominant explanation of color sensation for over 100 years, motivated the method of converting color to the LMS color space, representing the effective stimuli for the Long-, Medium-, and Short-wavelength con... | Wikipedia - White Balance | null | null | null |
Johansson and Mezzarobba describe a strategy to compute Gauss–Legendre quadrature rules in arbitrary-precision arithmetic, allowing both small and large n {\displaystyle n} . A rule of order n = 1000 {\displaystyle n=1000} with 1000 digits of precision can be calculated in around one second. Their method uses Newton–Ra... | Wikipedia - Gauss–Legendre quadrature | null | null | null |
Gil, Segura and Temme describe iterative methods with fourth order convergence for the computation of Gauss–Jacobi quadratures (and, in particular, Gauss–Legendre). The methods do not require a priori estimations of the nodes to guarantee its fourth-order convergence. Computations of quadrature rules with even millions... | Wikipedia - Gauss–Legendre quadrature | null | null | null |
John Allman William H. Calvin Paul Cisek Terrence Deacon Merlin Donald Jon Kaas Glenn Northcutt Georg F. Striedter Suzana Herculano-Houzel Ludwig Edinger G. Carl Huber Elizabeth C. Crosby J. B. Johnston C. Judson Herrick Sir Grafton Elliot Smith George Ellet Coghill Nils Holmgren James W. Papez Olaf Larsell Tilly Eding... | Wikipedia - Evolutionary neurobiology | null | null | null |
John Bellamy Foster and Paul Burkett (2018) state that "...we are seeing today numerous attempts to conceptualize commodity value as the product not just of human labor, but of animal labor in general and, beyond that, of energy in general". Since 2016, the post-Keynesian economist Steve Keen has argued that any credib... | Wikipedia - Value form | null | null | null |
John C. Baez, Quantum gravity and BF theory in 4 dimensions Jean-Luc Brylinski, Gauge groups and reciprocity laws on algebraic varieties Bruce Kleiner, Spaces of nonpositive curvature Grigory Margulis, Quantitative Oppenheim Conjecture Sergei P. Novikov, Laplace and Darboux transformations Richard Schwartz, The Devil's... | Wikipedia - Geometry Festival | null | null | null |
John C. Lilly developed the first sensory deprivation tanks and self-experimented them with the intention to study the origin of consciousness and its relation to the brain by creating an environment which isolates an individual from external stimulation. | Wikipedia - Self-experimentation in medicine | null | null | null |
John Conway explored generalized polyhedron operators, defining what is now called Conway polyhedron notation, which can be applied to polyhedra and tilings. Conway calls Coxeter's operation a semi-snub.In this notation, snub is defined by the dual and gyro operators, as s = dg, and it is equivalent to an alternation o... | Wikipedia - Snub (geometry) | null | null | null |
John Derbyshire (2004). Prime Obsession. Plume Books. ISBN 978-0-452-28525-5. | Wikipedia - Popular mathematics | null | null | null |
Marcus du Sautoy (2003). The Music of the Primes: Searching to Solve the Greatest Mystery in Mathematics. ISBN 0-06-093558-8. | Wikipedia - Popular mathematics | null | null | null |
Dan Rockmore (2006). Stalking the Riemann Hypothesis: The Quest to Find the Hidden Law of Prime Numbers. Vintage. | Wikipedia - Popular mathematics | null | null | null |
ISBN 0-375-72772-8. Karl Sabbagh (2002). Dr Riemann's Zeros. Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-84354-100-9. | Wikipedia - Popular mathematics | null | null | null |
John Dewey is one of many educational leaders who recognized that a curriculum aimed at building thinking skills would benefit the individual learner, the community, and the entire democracy.Critical thinking is significant in the learning process of internalization, in the construction of basic ideas, principles, and ... | Wikipedia - Critical analysis | null | null | null |
For students to learn content, intellectual engagement is crucial. All students must do their own thinking, their own construction of knowledge. Good teachers recognize this and therefore focus on the questions, readings, activities that stimulate the mind to take ownership of key concepts and principles underlying the... | Wikipedia - Critical analysis | null | null | null |
This emphasized to students that good thinking is equivalent to logical thinking. However, a second wave of critical thinking, urges educators to value conventional techniques, meanwhile expanding what it means to be a critical thinker. In 1994, Kerry Walters compiled a conglomeration of sources surpassing this logical... | Wikipedia - Critical analysis | null | null | null |
These concepts invite students to incorporate their own perspectives and experiences into their thinking. In the English and Welsh school systems, Critical Thinking is offered as a subject that 16- to 18-year-olds can take as an A-Level. Under the OCR exam board, students can sit two exam papers for the AS: "Credibilit... | Wikipedia - Critical analysis | null | null | null |
The full Advanced GCE is now available: in addition to the two AS units, candidates sit the two papers "Resolution of Dilemmas" and "Critical Reasoning". The A-level tests candidates on their ability to think critically about, and analyze, arguments on their deductive or inductive validity, as well as producing their o... | Wikipedia - Critical analysis | null | null | null |
However, due to its comparative lack of subject content, many universities do not accept it as a main A-level for admissions. Nevertheless, the AS is often useful in developing reasoning skills, and the full Advanced GCE is useful for degree courses in politics, philosophy, history or theology, providing the skills req... | Wikipedia - Critical analysis | null | null | null |
Cambridge International Examinations have an A-level in Thinking Skills.From 2008, Assessment and Qualifications Alliance has also been offering an A-level Critical Thinking specification.OCR exam board have also modified theirs for 2008. Many examinations for university entrance set by universities, on top of A-level ... | Wikipedia - Critical analysis | null | null | null |
John Etnyre (Georgia Institute of Technology): Surgery and tight contact structures Valentino Tosatti (Columbia University): The evolution of a Hermitian metric by its Chern-Ricci curvature Carla Cederbaum (Duke University): From Newton to Einstein: A guided tour through space and time Jan Metzger (Institute for Mathem... | Wikipedia - Geometry Festival | null | null | null |
John F. Dewey applies Plate tectonics (Dewey 1970). Plate tectonics: Mantle plume controversy (Cowen & Lipps 1975, Jordan 2007): The relationship between subducted seafloor, flood basalts and continental rifting is uncovered. (Morgan 1971), (Morgan 1972), (Rampino & Stothers 1988), (Silver, Carlson & Olson 1988), (Whit... | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
"Great earthquakes and slab pull: interaction between seismic coupling and plate-slab coupling" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 218 (1): 109–122. | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
Bibcode:2004E&PSL.218..109C. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.506.2266. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00643-5. Lallemand, S.; Heuret, A.; Boutelier, D. | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
(2005). "On the relationships between slab dip, back-arc stress, upper plate absolute motion, and crustal nature in subduction zones". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
6 (9): Q09006. Bibcode:2005GGG.....609006L. doi:10.1029/2005GC000917. | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
W. P. Schellart; D. R. Stegman; R. J. Farrington; J. Freeman & L. Moresi (16 July 2010). "Cenozoic Tectonics of Western North America Controlled by Evolving Width of Farallon Slab". Science. | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
329 (5989): 316–9. Bibcode:2010Sci...329..316S. doi:10.1126/science.1190366. | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
PMID 20647465. S2CID 12044269. Current plate motions. | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
(Demets et al. 1990), (Argus et al. 2010), (Demets, Gordon & Argus 2010) Pacific Plate, lower mantle has a greater viscosity (Monastersky 1996a) Tibetan Plateau, collision generates heat (Nelson 1996), (Monastersky 1996b) Paleogeography (Irving (2005) and Krill (2011)): Order Cycadales, genus Bowenia Family Araucariace... | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
L. in Southeast USA Section Auriculata, Magnolia fraseri Walt. found in Southeast USA Section Macrophylla, Magnolia macrophylla Michx. found in Southeast USA Magnolia, subgenus Yulania: Section Yulania, found in Asia and Magnolia acuminata (L.) | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
L. found in East USA Section Michelia, found in Asia including the Indomalayan realm Note: a bee fossil of the genus Melittosphex, is considered "an extinct lineage of pollen-collecting Apoidea sister to the modern bees", and dates from the early Cretaceous (c. 100 Ma). Insect-pollinated flowering plants need bees (unr... | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
Beetles may have originated during the Lower Permian, up to 299 Ma. Flies evolved c. 250 Ma, moths and wasps evolved c. | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
150 Ma. Lockwood, John P.; Hazlett, Richard W. | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
(2010). Volcanoes: Global Perspectives. | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
ISBN 978-1-4051-6250-0.Total estimated radiogenic heat release (from neutrino research): 19 Terawatts Total directly observed heat release through Earth's surface: 31 Terawatts Seismic anisotropy (Becker 2008), (Kreemer 2009), (Conrad & Behn 2010) Plate reconstruction: Torsvik, Trond Helge and Gaina, Carmen, Center for... | Wikipedia - Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (after 1952) | null | null | null |
John Farrah (1849–1907). | Wikipedia - Royal Meteorological Society | null | null | null |
John G. Linvill was appointed EE chair in 1964 and subsequently built the semiconductor program at Stanford.In May 1966, after comments by Stanford administration about contracts, there was picketing by students at Stanford University protesting the Electrical Engineering Department's contract with the Central Intellig... | Wikipedia - Stanford University School of Engineering | null | null | null |
In the Gibbons Plan, the students were only allowed partial credits, with their studies financed by their external employers.On April 3, 1969, 700 students voted to occupy the AEL. This formed the April Third Movement, a coalition of Stanford campus organizations, occupied the Applied Electronics Laboratory for nine da... | Wikipedia - Stanford University School of Engineering | null | null | null |
At the time, the lab was linked with classified military electronics research and electronic warfare being used against the Vietnamese people. The students of the April Third Movement occupied the hallways of the Applied Electronics Lab building, shutting down research for the occupation. Students slept on the roof of ... | Wikipedia - Stanford University School of Engineering | null | null | null |
The group also used the publishing materials in the basement to product documents linking Stanford trustees to defense contractors. The sit-in ultimately led to the school severing ties with the former Stanford Research Institute and moving its military research off campus.In later 1969, the Applied Electronics Laborat... | Wikipedia - Stanford University School of Engineering | null | null | null |
John Hopcroft and Robert Tarjan derived a means of testing the planarity of a graph in time linear to the number of edges. Their algorithm does this by constructing a graph embedding which they term a "palm tree". Efficient planarity testing is fundamental to graph drawing. | Wikipedia - Topological graph theory | null | null | null |
Fan Chung et al studied the problem of embedding a graph into a book with the graph's vertices in a line along the spine of the book. Its edges are drawn on separate pages in such a way that edges residing on the same page do not cross. This problem abstracts layout problems arising in the routing of multilayer printed... | Wikipedia - Topological graph theory | null | null | null |
John Horton Conway has a purely combinatorial proof which consequently also holds for points and lines over the complex numbers, quaternions and octonions. | Wikipedia - De Bruijn–Erdős theorem (incidence geometry) | null | null | null |
John Ioannidis argues that using normally distributed standard deviations as standards for validating research findings leave falsifiable predictions about phenomena that are not normally distributed untested. This includes, for example, phenomena that only appear when all necessary conditions are present and one canno... | Wikipedia - Normal Distribution | null | null | null |
John J. O'Connor, Edmund F. Robertson: Heinrich Scholz (logician). In: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (English) Publications by and on Heinrich Scholz in the catalog of the German National Library Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy | Wikipedia - Institute of Mathematical Logic and Fundamental Research | null | null | null |
John K.T.L. Nash (1965–1981) John Burland (1981) Richard H.G. Parry (1981–1999) Prof R.N. Taylor (1999 - Present) | Wikipedia - International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering | null | null | null |
John Lemmon became interested in modal logic when Arthur Prior visited Oxford University in 1956 to give the John Locke lectures, later published as his Time and Modality (Prior 1957). Prior returned for twelve months soon after, to lead a small group including Lemmon, Peter Geach and Ivo Thomas (Copeland 2004). John L... | Wikipedia - John Lemmon | null | null | null |
John Locke, in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, defined extension as "only the Space that lies between the Extremities of those solid coherent Parts" of a body. It is the space possessed by a body. Locke refers to the extension in conjunction with solidity and impenetrability, the other primary characteristics ... | Wikipedia - Extension (metaphysics) | null | null | null |
John Mackay (1896). "Symmedians of a Triangle and their Concomitant Circles" (PDF). Proceedings of the Edinburgh Math. Soc. | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
XIV: 37–103. Retrieved 7 January 2022. William Gallatly (1910). | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
The Modern Geometry of the Triangle. London: Francis Hodgson. Retrieved 4 January 2022. | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
Ross Honsberger (1995). Episodes in Nineteenth and Twentienth Century Euclidean Geometry. Mathematical Association of America. | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
Roger A Johnson (31 August 2007). Advanced Euclidean Geometry. Dover Publications Inc. ISBN 978-0486462370. | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
H S M Coexter (5 September 1996). Geometry Revisited. Mathematical Association of America. | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
ISBN 0883856190. Altshiller-Court, Nathan (1952). College geometry; an introduction to the modern geometry of the triangle and the circle. | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
New York: Barnes & Noble. Retrieved 10 January 2022. Kimberling, C (1998). | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
"Triangle Centers and Central Triangles". Congr. Numer. | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
: 1–295. Paul Yiu (December 2012). Introduction to the Geometry of the Triangle (PDF). | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
Department of Mathematics Florida Atlantic University. Retrieved 5 January 2022. Scott, Charlotte Angas (1894). | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
An introductory account of certain modern ideas and methods in plane analytical geometry. London: Macmillan and Co. Retrieved 10 January 2022. | Wikipedia - Modern triangle geometry | null | null | null |
John McCarthy – Marvin Minsky – Allen Newell – Herbert A. Simon – | Wikipedia - Outline of artificial intelligence | null | null | null |
John McCarthy. "Programs with common sense". Symposium on Mechanization of Thought Processes. National Physical Laboratory. | Wikipedia - Logic programming language | null | null | null |
Teddington, England. 1958. Miller, Dale; Nadathur, Gopalan; Pfenning, Frank; Scedrov, Andre (1991). | Wikipedia - Logic programming language | null | null | null |
"Uniform proofs as a foundation for logic programming". Annals of Pure and Applied Logic. 51 (1–2): 125–157. | Wikipedia - Logic programming language | null | null | null |
doi:10.1016/0168-0072(91)90068-W. Ehud Shapiro (Editor). Concurrent Prolog. | Wikipedia - Logic programming language | null | null | null |
MIT Press. 1987. James Slagle. | Wikipedia - Logic programming language | null | null | null |
"Experiments with a Deductive Question-Answering Program". CACM. December 1965. | Wikipedia - Logic programming language | null | null | null |
Gabbay, Dov M.; Hogger, Christopher John; Robinson, J.A., eds. (1993-1998). Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming.Vols. 1–5, Oxford University Press. | Wikipedia - Logic programming language | null | null | null |
John Money developed the theory of a lovemap, "a developmental representation or template in the mind and in the brain depicting the idealized lover and the idealized program of sexual and erotic activity projected in imagery or actually engaged in". Money thought that the lovemap was normally fully developed by the ag... | Wikipedia - Paraphilic infantilism | null | null | null |
John Morton has proposed that memories are organized by headed records. The function of the hippocampus is suggested to be providing such headers for memory. They also underlie the human capacity to experience in spite of superficial changes the continuity of self, other and place. | Wikipedia - Up from Dragons | null | null | null |
John Mueller, a scholar of international relations at the Ohio State University, is a prominent nuclear skeptic. He makes three claims: (1) the nuclear intent and capability of terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda has been “fundamentally exaggerated;” (2) “the likelihood a terrorist group will come up with an atomic bomb ... | Wikipedia - Nuclear sabotage | null | null | null |
focus on nuclear terrorism, "the fear of terrorist transfer seems greatly exaggerated... the dangers of a state giving nuclear weapons to terrorists have been overstated." A decade of terrorism statistics show a strong correlation between attack fatalities and the attribution of the attack, and Lieber and Press asser... | Wikipedia - Nuclear sabotage | null | null | null |
soil or that of a major ally (resulting in 10 or more deaths) were attributed to the guilty party. Lieber and Press conclude that the lack of anonymity would deter a state from providing terrorist groups with nuclear weapons.The use of HEU and plutonium in satellites has raised the concern that a sufficiently motivated... | Wikipedia - Nuclear sabotage | null | null | null |
John Philoponus had rejected the Aristotelian view of motion, and argued that an object acquires an inclination to move when it has a motive power impressed on it. In the eleventh century Ibn Sina had roughly adopted this idea, believing that a moving object has force which is dissipated by external agents like air res... | Wikipedia - Islamic optics | null | null | null |
He also claimed that projectile in a vacuum would not stop unless it is acted upon. This conception of motion is consistent with Newton's first law of motion, inertia, which states that an object in motion will stay in motion unless it is acted on by an external force. This idea which dissented from the Aristotelian vi... | Wikipedia - Islamic optics | null | null | null |
John Philoponus, also known as John the Grammarian, was an Alexandrian philologist, Aristotelian commentator and Christian theologian, and author of philosophical treatises and theological works. He was the first who criticized Aristotle and attacked Aristotle's theory of the free fall. His criticism of Aristotelian ph... | Wikipedia - Byzantine astronomy | null | null | null |
And so, if the difference in the weights is not considerable, that is, of one is, let us say, double the other, there will be no difference, or else an imperceptible difference, in time, though the difference in weight is by no means negligible, with one body weighing twice as much as the other.The theory of impetus wa... | Wikipedia - Byzantine astronomy | null | null | null |
1800. The Byzantines knew and used the concept of hydraulics: in the 10th century the diplomat Liutprand of Cremona, when visiting the Byzantine emperor, explained that he saw the emperor sitting on a hydraulic throne and that it was "made in such a cunning manner that at one moment it was down on the ground, while at ... | Wikipedia - Byzantine astronomy | null | null | null |
John Riordan provides the following explanation for these numbers: suppose that n people subscribe to a telephone service that can connect any two of them by a call, but cannot make a single call connecting more than two people. How many different patterns of connection are possible? For instance, with three subscriber... | Wikipedia - Telephone number (mathematics) | null | null | null |
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