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Journal of Mathematical Neuroscience Journal of Computational Neuroscience Neural Computation Cognitive Neurodynamics Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience PLoS Computational Biology Frontiers in Neuroinformatics | Wikipedia - Computational clinical neuroscience | null | null | null |
Journal of Mathematical Physics referee files 1985-2005, Niels Bohr Library & Archives | Wikipedia - Journal of Mathematical Physics | null | null | null |
Journal of Official Statistics is indexed in the Current Index to Statistics. | Wikipedia - Journal of Official Statistics | null | null | null |
Journal of Petroleum Technology, Society of Petroleum EngineersOutflow should be defined as flow from the casing perforations to the surface facilities. == References == | Wikipedia - Petroleum production engineering | null | null | null |
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology ChemPhotoChem Photochemistry and Photobiology Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences Photochemistry | Wikipedia - Photochemical Reaction | null | null | null |
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews focusses on photochemistry literature reviews. It is the official journal of the Japanese Photochemistry Association and is published quarterly. The editor-in-chief is Noboru Kitamura. | Wikipedia - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology | null | null | null |
Journalism has established Professional ethics which is affected by mathematical processing and (re-)publication of sources. Reusing information packaged as facts require checking, and validating, from conceptual confusion to sampling and calculation errors. Other professional issues arise from the potential of automat... | Wikipedia - Ethics in mathematics | null | null | null |
Journals about ocean engineering include Ocean Engineering, the IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering and the Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering.Conferences in the field of marine engineering include the IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society’s OCEANS Conference and Exposition and the European Wave and T... | Wikipedia - Marine engineering | null | null | null |
Journey planners use a routing algorithm to search a graph representing the transport network. In the simplest case where routing is independent of time, the graph uses (directed) edges to represent street/path segments and nodes to represent intersections. Routing on such a graph can be accomplished effectively using ... | Wikipedia - Travel-routing system | null | null | null |
Judges' decisions in Australia are supported by the "Split Up" software in case of determining the percentage of a split after a divorce. COMPAS software is used in USA to assess the risk of recidivism in courts. According to the statement of Beijing Internet Court, China is the first country to create an internet cour... | Wikipedia - Alipay Health Code | null | null | null |
She "will help the court's judges complete repetitive basic work, including litigation reception, thus enabling professional practitioners to focus better on their trial work". Also Estonia plans to employ artificial intelligence to decide small-claim cases of less than €7,000.Lawbots can perform tasks that are typical... | Wikipedia - Alipay Health Code | null | null | null |
Judgment is the mental operation by which we predicate something of a subject. Were you to think, "That sunset is beautiful" or "Baseball is the all-American sport" is to make a judgment. The verbal expression of judgment is the statement (or proposition). | Wikipedia - Cognitive operations | null | null | null |
Judgmental evaluation appears to be a collection of methods, and as such, could be considered a methodology. A common approach to obtaining PAs is by means of raters. Because the raters are human, some error will always be present in the data. The most common types of error are leniency errors, central tendency errors,... | Wikipedia - Performance appraisal | null | null | null |
Halo effect is characterized by the tendency to rate a person who is exceptionally strong in one area higher than deserved in other areas. It is the opposite of the Horns effect, where a person is rated as lower than deserved in other areas due to an extreme deficiency in a single discipline. These errors arise predomi... | Wikipedia - Performance appraisal | null | null | null |
Rater training is the "process of educating raters to make more accurate assessments of performance, typically achieved by reducing the frequency of halo, leniency, and central-tendency errors". Rater training also helps the raters "develop a common frame of reference for evaluation" of individual performance. Many res... | Wikipedia - Performance appraisal | null | null | null |
However, it is noted that such training is expensive, time-consuming, and only truly functional for behavioral assessments.Another piece to keep in mind is the effects of rater motivation on judgmental evaluations. It is not uncommon for rating inflation to occur due to rater motivation (i.e. "organizationally induced ... | Wikipedia - Performance appraisal | null | null | null |
On several different factors, subordinates are judged on 'how much' of that factor or trait they possess. Typically, the raters use a 5- or 7-point scale; however, there are as many as 20-point scales. | Wikipedia - Performance appraisal | null | null | null |
Employee-Comparison Methods: rather than subordinates being judged against pre-established criteria, they are compared with one another. This method eliminates central tendency and leniency errors but still allows for halo effect errors to occur. The rank-order method has raters ranking subordinates from "best" to "wor... | Wikipedia - Performance appraisal | null | null | null |
The paired-comparison method requires the rater to select the two "best" subordinates out of a group on each dimension then rank individuals according to the number of times each subordinate was selected as one of the "best". The forced-distribution method is good for large groups of ratees. The raters evaluate each su... | Wikipedia - Performance appraisal | null | null | null |
The method of top-grading can be applied to the forced distribution method. This method identifies the 10% lowest performing subordinates, as according to the forced distribution, and dismisses them leaving the 90% higher performing subordinates. Behavioral Checklists and Scales: behaviors are more definite than traits... | Wikipedia - Performance appraisal | null | null | null |
The critical incidents method (or critical incident technique) concerns "specific behaviors indicative of good or bad job performance". Supervisors record behaviors of what they judge to be job performance relevant, and they keep a running tally of good and bad behaviors. A discussion on performance may then follow. | Wikipedia - Performance appraisal | null | null | null |
The behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) combine the critical incidents method with rating scale methods by rating performance on a scale but with the scale points being anchored by behavioral incidents. Note that BARS are job specific. In the behavioral observation scale (BOS) approach to performance appraisal, ... | Wikipedia - Performance appraisal | null | null | null |
In that respect, it is similar to BARS. However, the BOS appraisal rate subordinates on the frequency of the critical incidents as they are observed to occur over a given period. The ratings are assigned on a five-point scale. The behavioral incidents for the rating scale are developed in the same way as for BARS throu... | Wikipedia - Performance appraisal | null | null | null |
Judgmental methods: sales force composite estimates, jury of executive opinion, Delphi method, scenario analysis Market and Survey Analysis: buyer intentions, Product testing, chain ratio Time Series: naive methods, moving averages, exponential smoothing, Box–Jenkins method, decompositional methods Causal analyses: reg... | Wikipedia - Marketing engineering | null | null | null |
Judith Lorber is published in Chapter 3 of "The Gendered Society Reader," an anthology edited by Michael S. Kimmel; Amy Aronson; and Amy Kaler, with a text titled "Believing Is Seeing: Biology as Ideology." In the text, Lorber discusses the social constructs built into our society differentiating the genders. Lorber ar... | Wikipedia - Judith Lorber | null | null | null |
Lorber exemplifies this by separating the genders and discussing differences within the separate ‘female’ and ‘male’ categories; she argues some women do not have ovaries and uteri, menopause differentiates menstruating women for those who do not, some men lactate, and some men cannot produce sperm. As she discusses th... | Wikipedia - Judith Lorber | null | null | null |
Conversely, Lorber believes that the female sex in competitive sports is made a mockery of and continually takes a "secondary status" to competitive male sports. Lorber uses the example of basketball to confirm her belief. She correlates the female secondary status to assumptions surrounding women’s physiology. | Wikipedia - Judith Lorber | null | null | null |
As well Lorber believes this assumption of physiology influences rules in women's sports, rules in sporting competitions, and how women are treated in sporting competitions.However, Lorber connects these social barriers that continually separate the sexes in sports, with the economical barriers oppressing the female se... | Wikipedia - Judith Lorber | null | null | null |
It was not until computers were revealed to be complex and intellectually demanding that they became the domain of men. "By the 1960s programing was split into more and less skilled specialties, and the entry of women into the computer field in the 1970s and 1980s was confined to the lower paid specialties…employers in... | Wikipedia - Judith Lorber | null | null | null |
Lorber also describes how this has influenced young people; for example we see far more young men and boys playing computer games and getting involved in computer clubs. In this way we are furthering women’s supposed natural disadvantage with computers by allowing boys to get more education and comfort with computers t... | Wikipedia - Judith Lorber | null | null | null |
This pattern of male control over technology continues when it comes to cars. Lorber references the fact that in couples a man will almost always be the more frequent driver, regardless of aptitude. | Wikipedia - Judith Lorber | null | null | null |
This may seem like an inconsequential example, but Lorber asks us to consider in different contexts what a vehicle can mean. She describes the importance of the mobility, literally and figuratively, given to women by driving. Feminists used driving "to campaign for women’s suffrage in parts of the United States not ser... | Wikipedia - Judith Lorber | null | null | null |
Lorber also describes the sense of liberation felt by many women when they first experienced driving, while participating in First World War efforts. This gendering of who a driver can be does limit women’s options in the world more than we consider when we simply see the male in a couple taking the wheel. Lorber final... | Wikipedia - Judith Lorber | null | null | null |
She confirms, "gendered people do not emerge from physiology or hormones, but from the exigencies of the social order". Lorber points out that the diversity of humans could be categorized, regrouped and broken up into different ways of comparison than the traditional sex differentiation that disregards the real issues ... | Wikipedia - Judith Lorber | null | null | null |
Jugglers commonly feature in circuses, with many performers having enjoyed a star billing. Circus jugglers come from many countries and include those from Russia and other Eastern European countries, China, Latin America and other European countries. Some of the greatest jugglers from the past 50 years are from Eastern... | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
Jugglers perform themed acts, sometimes with specifically themed props and usually in themed costumes. Examples include jesters, pirates, sports, Victorians and chefs. | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
Juggling can be categorised by various criteria: Professional or amateurJuggling up until the latter half of the 20th century has been principally practised as a profession. Since the 1960s, and even more so from the 1980s, juggling has also been practiced as a hobby. The popularity of juggling acts performing outside ... | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
The increase in hobby juggling has resulted in juggling stores opening and numerous juggling conventions being run to fulfill the needs of an increasingly popular pastime.Objects juggledBalls, clubs, rings, diabolos, devil sticks, shaker cups, and cigar boxes are several types of objects that are commonly juggled. Othe... | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
Contact juggling is manipulating the object in constant contact with the body. One division of juggling by method is into toss, balancing (equilibristics), gyroscopic (spin), and contact juggling.Trick jugglingThis type of juggling involves performing tricks of varying levels of difficulty. The tricks can use the basic... | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
Other tricks can be independent of these basic patterns and involve other variations of object manipulation. Many patterns and tricks can be described using Siteswap Notation and is commonly used to share patterns between Jugglers.Number of objects juggledNumbers juggling is the goal of juggling as many objects as poss... | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
Numbers juggling records are noted by a number of organisations.Number of jugglersJuggling is most commonly performed by an individual. However, multiple-person juggling is also popular and is performed by two or more people. Various methods of passing the objects between the jugglers is used — this can be through the ... | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
For example, one variation is where two club jugglers stand facing each other, each juggling a three-club pattern themselves, but then simultaneously passing between each other. Another variation is where the jugglers are back-to-back, and (usually) any passes to the other person travel over their heads.Sport (competit... | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
Juggling has been performed in space despite the fact that the micro-gravity environment of orbit deprives the juggled objects of the essential ability to fall. This was accomplished initially by Don Williams, as part of a Houston scientist's "Toys In Space" project, with apples and oranges.Two person juggling passing ... | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
Juggling tricks and patterns can become very complex, and hence can be difficult to communicate to others. Therefore, notation systems have been developed for specifying patterns, as well as for discovering new patterns.Diagram-based notations are the clearest way to show juggling patterns on paper, but as they are bas... | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
They are used extensively in both a written form and in normal conversations among jugglers. Siteswap is by far the most common juggling notation. Various heights of throw, considered to take specific "beats" of time to complete, are assigned a relative number. | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
From those, a pattern is conveyed as a sequence of numbers, such as "3", "744", or "97531". Those examples are for two hands making alternating or "asynchronous" throws, and often called vanilla siteswap. For showing patterns in which both hands throw at the same time, there are other notating conventions for synchrono... | Wikipedia - Mathematics of juggling | null | null | null |
Jugulator is noted as being a rather large mammal for Mesozoic standards. Combined with the general adaptations for carnivory that eutriconodonts display, it is safe to say that it was a predator of other vertebrates like mammals, lizards and small dinosaurs. Other large eutriconodonts like Repenomamus and Gobiconodon ... | Wikipedia - Jugulator amplissimus | null | null | null |
Jules debuted in 2006 at Wired Nextfest. Jules is a robot that has machine learning capabilities, face tracking, and facial recognition. His software was development by Hanson Robotics in collaboration with the Personality Forge AI Chatbot Platform, with Personality Forge founder and developer, Benji Adams, and Heather... | Wikipedia - Hanson Robotics | null | null | null |
Julia is widely used for drug development in the pharmaceutical industry, having been adopted by Moderna, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Procter & Gamble, and United Therapeutics. | Wikipedia - Julia language | null | null | null |
Julia sets for rational maps In complex analysis, a rational function f ( z ) = P ( z ) Q ( z ) {\displaystyle f(z)={\frac {P(z)}{Q(z)}}} is the ratio of two polynomials with complex coefficients, where Q is not the zero polynomial and P and Q have no common factor (this avoids f taking the indeterminate value 0/0). Th... | Wikipedia - Proper rational function | null | null | null |
Julius Barbanel extended Woodall's algorithm to agents with different entitlements, including irrational entitlements. In this setting, the entitlement of each agent i is represented by a weight w i {\displaystyle w_{i}} , with W := ∑ i w i {\displaystyle W:=\sum _{i}w_{i}} . A strongly proportional allocation is one i... | Wikipedia - Super-proportionality | null | null | null |
Juncusol is a 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene found in J. effusus. The plant also contains effusol and dehydroeffusol. | Wikipedia - Soft Rush | null | null | null |
Jung defined feeling as "primarily a process that takes place between the ego and a given content, a process, moreover, that imparts to the content a definite value in the sense of acceptance or rejection Hence feeling is also a kind of judging, differing, however, from an intellectual judgment, in that it does not ai... | Wikipedia - Jungian cognitive functions | null | null | null |
Jung presented sensation as "that psychological function which transmits a physical stimulus to perception. not only to the outer stimuli, but also to the inner, i.e. to changes in the internal organs. Primarily, therefore, sensation is sense-perception, i.e. perception transmitted via the sense organs and 'bodily sens... | Wikipedia - Jungian cognitive functions | null | null | null |
Jung sets out the central thesis of the book: that Alchemy draws upon a vast array of symbols, images and patterns drawn from the Collective Unconscious. Jung defends his exploration of the Psyche and Soul against various critics who have accused him of being both religious and anti-religious depending on their point o... | Wikipedia - Psychology and Alchemy | null | null | null |
Jung was an adept principally of the American philosopher William James, founder of pragmatism, whom he met during his trip to the United States in 1909.: 255 He also encountered other figures associated with James, such as John Dewey and the anthropologist, Franz Boas. : 165 Pragmatism was Jung's favoured route to bas... | Wikipedia - Jungian psychology | null | null | null |
Throughout his writings, Jung sees in empirical observation not only a precondition of an objective method but also respect for an ethical code which should guide the psychologist, as he stated in a letter to Joseph Goldbrunner: I consider it a moral obligation not to make assertions about things one cannot see or whos... | Wikipedia - Jungian psychology | null | null | null |
I regard myself as answerable to the rules of experimental science. As a result nowhere in my work are there any metaphysical assertions nor – nota bene – any negations of a metaphysical nature. According to the Italo-French psychoanalyst Luigi Aurigemma, Jung's reasoning is also marked by Immanuel Kant, and more gener... | Wikipedia - Jungian psychology | null | null | null |
His lectures are evidence of his assimilation of Kantian thought, especially the Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason. Aurigemma characterises Jung's thinking as "epistemological relativism" because it does not postulate any belief in the metaphysical. : 19 In fact, Jung uses Kant's teleology to bri... | Wikipedia - Jungian psychology | null | null | null |
: 21 On the other hand, for French historian of psychology, Françoise Parot, contrary to the alleged rationalist vein, Jung is "heir" to mystics, (Meister Eckhart, Hildegard of Bingen, or Augustine of Hippo,: 96 ) and to the romantics be they scientists, such as Carl Gustav Carus or Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert in pa... | Wikipedia - Jungian psychology | null | null | null |
Jung wrote, "All projections provoke counter-projection when the object is unconscious of the quality projected upon it by the subject." Thus, what is unconscious in the recipient will be projected back onto the projector, precipitating a form of mutual acting out.In a rather different usage, Harry Stack Sullivan saw c... | Wikipedia - Psychological projection | null | null | null |
Jung's interest in typology grew from his desire to reconcile the theories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler, and to define how his own perspective differed from theirs. Jung wrote, "In attempting to answer this question, I came across the problem of types; for it is one's psychological type which from the outset deter... | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
91 Jung became convinced that acrimony between the Adlerian and Freudian camps was due to this unrecognized existence of different fundamental psychological attitudes, which led Jung "to conceive the two controversial theories of neurosis as manifestations of a type-antagonism. ": par. 64 The characteristic animosity b... | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
So long as the radical difference between ego-psychology and psychology of instinct is not recognized, either side must naturally hold its respective theory to be universally valid. : par. 88 Due to the multifarious nature of fantasy, the fantasies of both Adlerian and Freudian patients contained ample empirical evid... | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
The scientific tendency in both is to reduce everything to their own principle, from which their deductions in turn proceed. In the case of fantasies this operation is particularly easy to accomplish because...they...express purely instinctive as well as pure ego-tendencies. Anyone who adopts the standpoint of instinct... | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
And the man who adopts the standpoint of the ego can just as easily discover those elementary aims concerned with the security and differentiation of the ego, since fantasies are mediating products between the ego and the instincts. Accordingly they contain elements of both sides. | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
Interpretation from either side is always somewhat forced and arbitrary, because one side is always suppressed. : par. 89 Each side can demonstrate the truth embodied in its theory. | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
However, it is only partial truth and not generally valid because it excludes the principle and truth embodied in the other. Nevertheless, a demonstrable truth does on the whole emerge; but it is only a partial truth that can lay no claim to general validity. Its validity extends only so far as the range of its princip... | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
But in the domain of the other principle it is invalid. : par. 89 Jung still used Adler's and Freud's theories, but in restricted circumstances. | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
This discovery brought with it the need to rise above the opposition and to create a theory which would do justice not merely to one or the other side, but to both equally. For this purpose a critique of both the aforementioned theories is essential. Both are painfully inclined to reduce high-flown ideals, heroic atti... | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
On no account should they be so applied...In the hand of a good doctor, of one who really knows the human soul...both theories, when applied to the really sick part of a soul, are wholesome caustics, of great help in dosages measured to the individual case, but harmful and dangerous in the hand that knows not how to me... | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
: par. 66 Naturally, a doctor must be familiar with the so-called "methods." But he must guard against falling into any specific, routine approach. | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
In general one must guard against theoretical assumptions...In my analyses they play no part. I am unsystematic very much by intention. | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
We need a different language for every patient. In one analysis I can be heard talking the Adlerian dialect, in another the Freudian. : 131 | Wikipedia - Psychological types | null | null | null |
Jungian Analysis, as is psychoanalysis, is a method to access, experience and integrate unconscious material into awareness. It is a search for the meaning of behaviours, feelings and events. Many are the channels to extend knowledge of the self: the analysis of dreams is one important avenue. Others may include expres... | Wikipedia - Analytical psychology | null | null | null |
A comprehensive description of the process of dream interpretation is complex, in that it is highly specific to the person who undertakes it. Most succinctly it relies on the associations which the particular dream symbols suggest to the dreamer, which at times may be deemed "archetypal" in so far as they are supposed ... | Wikipedia - Analytical psychology | null | null | null |
Whereas (Freudian) psychoanalysis relies entirely on the development of the transference in the analysand (the person under treatment) to the analyst, Jung initially used the transference and later concentrated more on a dialectical and didactic approach to the symbolic and archetypal material presented by the patient.... | Wikipedia - Analytical psychology | null | null | null |
Instead, Jung offered the radical proposal that analysis is a dialectical procedure, a two-way exchange between two people, who are equally involved. Although it was a revolutionary idea when he first suggested it, it is a model which has influenced psychotherapists of most schools, though many seem not to realise that... | Wikipedia - Analytical psychology | null | null | null |
Juniper berries contain diverse phytochemicals, including an essential oil in about 2% volume, a flavonoid called juniperin, resins (about 10% of volume), proteins, and acetic, malic and formic acids. From extracts of the berries, fatty acids, terpenes, aromatic compounds, and hydrocarbons, such as pinene, sabinene, te... | Wikipedia - Juniper berry | null | null | null |
Jupiter missiles were used in a series of suborbital biological test flights. On 13 December 1958, Jupiter AM-13 was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida with a Navy-trained South American squirrel monkey named Gordo on board. The nose cone recovery parachute failed to operate and Gordo did not survive the flight. Tel... | Wikipedia - PGM-19 Jupiter | null | null | null |
The nose cone sank 1,302 nautical miles (2,411 km) downrange from Cape Canaveral and was not recovered. Another biological flight was launched on 28 May 1959. Aboard Jupiter AM-18 were a seven-pound (3.2 kg) American-born rhesus monkey, Able, and an 11-ounce (310 g) South American squirrel monkey, Baker. | Wikipedia - PGM-19 Jupiter | null | null | null |
The monkeys rode in the nose cone of the missile to an altitude of 300 miles (480 km) and a distance of 1,500 miles (2,400 km) down the Atlantic Missile Range from Cape Canaveral. They withstood accelerations of 38 g and were weightless for about nine minutes. A top speed of 10,000 mph (4.5 km/s) was reached during the... | Wikipedia - PGM-19 Jupiter | null | null | null |
After splashdown the Jupiter nosecone carrying Able and Baker was recovered by the seagoing tug USS Kiowa (ATF-72). The monkeys survived the flight in good condition. Able died four days after the flight from a reaction to anesthesia while undergoing surgery to remove an infected medical electrode. Baker lived for many... | Wikipedia - PGM-19 Jupiter | null | null | null |
Jupiter's atmosphere has 2.5 ± 0.5 times the solar abundance values for Xenon and similarly elevated argon and krypton (2.1 ± 0.5 and 2.7 ± 0.5 times solar values separately). These signals of enrichment are due to these elements coming to Jupiter in very cold (T<30K) icy planetesimals. | Wikipedia - Xenon isotope geochemistry | null | null | null |
Just after the first measurements on the quantum Hall effect in 1980, physicists wondered how the strongly localized electrons in the disordered potential were able to delocalize at their phase transitions. At that time, the field theory of Anderson localization didn't yet include a topological angle and hence it predi... | Wikipedia - Quantum Hall transitions | null | null | null |
This percolation mechanism was what assumed to delocalize the electrons As a result of this semi-classical idea, many numerical computations were done based on the percolation picture. On top of the classical percolation phase transition, quantum tunneling was included in computer simulations to calculate the critical ... | Wikipedia - Quantum Hall transitions | null | null | null |
Under this assumption, the ground state of the free electron gas can be adiabatically transformed into the ground state of the interacting system and this gives rise to an inelastic scattering length so that the canonical correlation length exponent can be compared to the measured critical exponent. But, at the quantum... | Wikipedia - Quantum Hall transitions | null | null | null |
Just as Google Flu Trends was able to correlate searches for flu to local outbreaks of flu, page views of Wikipedia articles on flu-related topics have been found to increase in populations experiencing the spread of flu, and of other diseases such as dengue fever and tuberculosis. | Wikipedia - Health information on Wikipedia | null | null | null |
Just as O(n) is the group of automorphisms which keep the quadratic polynomials x2 + y2 + ... invariant, F4 is the group of automorphisms of the following set of 3 polynomials in 27 variables. (The first can easily be substituted into other two making 26 variables). C 1 = x + y + z {\displaystyle C_{1}=x+y+z} C 2 = x 2... | Wikipedia - F4 lattice | null | null | null |
Just as a population of animals undergoes evolution, an unchecked population of cells also can undergo "evolution". This undesirable process is called somatic evolution, and is how cancer arises and becomes more malignant over time.Most changes in cellular metabolism that allow cells to grow in a disorderly fashion lea... | Wikipedia - Cancer initiation | null | null | null |
Just as absolute entropy serves as theoretical background for data compression, relative entropy serves as theoretical background for data differencing – the absolute entropy of a set of data in this sense being the data required to reconstruct it (minimum compressed size), while the relative entropy of a target set of... | Wikipedia - KL divergence | null | null | null |
Just as an algae bloom can lead to oxygen depletion, introduction of a large amount of decaying biological material in general to a body of water leads to oxygen depletion as microorganisms use up available oxygen in the process of breaking down organic matter. For example, a 10 miles (16 km) fish kill in September, 20... | Wikipedia - Fish kill | null | null | null |
Just as continuous functions are the natural maps on topological spaces and smooth functions are the natural maps on differentiable manifolds, there is a natural class of functions on an algebraic set, called regular functions or polynomial functions. A regular function on an algebraic set V contained in An is the rest... | Wikipedia - Computational algebraic geometry | null | null | null |
Just as with the regular functions on affine space, the regular functions on V form a ring, which we denote by k. This ring is called the coordinate ring of V. Since regular functions on V come from regular functions on An, there is a relationship between the coordinate rings. Specifically, if a regular function on V i... | Wikipedia - Computational algebraic geometry | null | null | null |
Just as dead space wastes a fraction of the inhaled breath, dead space dilutes alveolar air during exhalation. By quantifying this dilution, it is possible to measure physiological dead space, employing the concept of mass balance, as expressed by the Bohr equation. V d V t = P a CO 2 − P e CO 2 P a CO 2 {\displaystyle... | Wikipedia - Mechanical dead space | null | null | null |
Just as for angular velocity, there are two special types of angular momentum of an object: the spin angular momentum is the angular momentum about the object's centre of mass, while the orbital angular momentum is the angular momentum about a chosen center of rotation. The Earth has an orbital angular momentum by natu... | Wikipedia - Introduction to angular momentum | null | null | null |
In the case of the Earth the primary conserved quantity is the total angular momentum of the solar system because angular momentum is exchanged to a small but important extent among the planets and the Sun. The orbital angular momentum vector of a point particle is always parallel and directly proportional to its orbit... | Wikipedia - Introduction to angular momentum | null | null | null |
Just as for the DFT, evaluating the DHT definition directly would require O(N2) arithmetical operations (see Big O notation). There are fast algorithms similar to the FFT, however, that compute the same result in only O(N log N) operations. Nearly every FFT algorithm, from Cooley–Tukey to prime-factor to Winograd (1985... | Wikipedia - Discrete Hartley transform | null | null | null |
In particular, the DHT analogue of the Cooley–Tukey algorithm is commonly known as the fast Hartley transform (FHT) algorithm, and was first described by Bracewell in 1984. This FHT algorithm, at least when applied to power-of-two sizes N, is the subject of the United States patent number 4,646,256, issued in 1987 to S... | Wikipedia - Discrete Hartley transform | null | null | null |
This was first argued by Sorensen et al. (1987) and Duhamel & Vetterli (1987). The latter authors obtained what appears to be the lowest published operation count for the DHT of power-of-two sizes, employing a split-radix algorithm (similar to the split-radix FFT) that breaks a DHT of length N into a DHT of length N/2 ... | Wikipedia - Discrete Hartley transform | null | null | null |
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