text stringlengths 14 4.79k | source stringlengths 13 304 | tokens float64 75 1.06k β | char_length float64 106 4.79k β | article_title stringlengths 16 300 β |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Little is known about reproduction in hammer-headed bats. In some populations, breeding is thought to take place semi-annually during the dry seasons. The timing of the dry season varies depending on the locality, but in general the first breeding season is from June to August and the second is from December to Februar... | Wikipedia - Hammer-headed bat | null | null | null |
Newborns weigh approximately 40 g (1.4 oz) at birth. Females reach sexual maturity faster than males, and can reproduce at six months. Females reach adult size by nine months of age. | Wikipedia - Hammer-headed bat | null | null | null |
In contrast, males are not sexually mature until eighteen months. Males and females are similar in size for their first year of life.This species is often cited as an example of classical lek mating, and is perhaps the only bat species with such. The classical lek is defined by four criteria: Males gather in a particul... | Wikipedia - Hammer-headed bat | null | null | null |
Leks consist of 20β135 males in an area about 40 m (130 ft) wide and 400β1,600 m (1,300β5,200 ft) long. Each male claims a display territory of about 10 m (33 ft) in diameter, in which he honks repeatedly and flaps his wings while hanging from a branch. Typically, 60β120 honks are produced per minute. | Wikipedia - Hammer-headed bat | null | null | null |
Males display for around four hours before foraging, with peaks in lekking activity in the early evening and before dawn. The early evening peak is when the majority of copulation occurs. Females will fly through the lek, selecting a male by landing on a branch next to him. | Wikipedia - Hammer-headed bat | null | null | null |
The chosen male emits a "staccato buzz" call, followed immediately by copulation, which lasts 30β60 seconds. After copulation, the female immediately departs, and the male resumes displaying. The males at the center of the lek have the most success, and are responsible for the majority of matings: the top 6% of males h... | Wikipedia - Hammer-headed bat | null | null | null |
In the before-dawn peak in activity, copulation is less frequent, and males spend time jockeying with each other for the best display territory. As the mating season progresses, the importance of the before-dawn peak lessens.However, some populations of hammer-headed bats in West Africa do not use leks. Instead, they h... | Wikipedia - Hammer-headed bat | null | null | null |
Little is known about the Honduran white bat's reproductive behaviors. It has been proposed that individuals give birth in April and September, and that estrus occurs post-parturition. Pregnant females have been documented in February, March, June, July, and August in Costa Rica, with lactating females documented in Ma... | Wikipedia - Honduran white bat | null | null | null |
Litter size is one offspring, called a pup. During lactation, mothers will return to their roosts up to six times a night to feed their pups. Pups fledge, or become capable of flight, at 3β4 weeks old. | Wikipedia - Honduran white bat | null | null | null |
Little is known about the overall structure of emulators. It could operate like a search glossary with a very large associative memory of input-output sequences. Under this system, the emulator receives a motor command input, finds the closest matching input from its database, and then sends the associated output in th... | Wikipedia - Emulation theory of representation | null | null | null |
This model requires that for each significant sensor of the human musculoskeletal system there is a group of neurons with a parallel firing frequency within the emulator. These groups of neurons would receive the same input as that being sent to their corresponding part of the musculoskeletal system. For example, when ... | Wikipedia - Emulation theory of representation | null | null | null |
Regardless of this structure both systems will grow and change over time. This is due to constant, fluctuating noise from the environment and the fact that the body changes over time. Growing limbs and muscles result in changes in both required input commands and the resulting output. | Wikipedia - Emulation theory of representation | null | null | null |
This requires a degree of plasticity in the emulators. Emulators are thus continually updating, always receiving the resulting output from the musculoskeletal system from an inputted command and comparing it to its own output. It is likely that this is accomplished through Kalman Filter. | Wikipedia - Emulation theory of representation | null | null | null |
Complete correction from the difference in outputs, however, is not applied to the emulators. Noise is a constant, fluctuating variable affecting musculoskeletal sensory output. Thus, output differences are almost always greater than they actually should be. Consequently, an internal calculation is made; taking into ac... | Wikipedia - Emulation theory of representation | null | null | null |
Little is known about their biology, though Zikan reported the larvae of Gauromydas heros live in the subterranean detritus "pans" of Atta ants in southern Brazil, where they appear to be feeding on detritivorous Dynastinae (Coelosis spp.) larvae. In the U.S., Mydas brunneus, Mydas clavatus, and Mydas tibialis larvae a... | Wikipedia - Mydas fly | null | null | null |
Others (e.g. Mydas maculiventris) are subterranean and feed on "white grubs" (Scarabaeidae: genus Phyllophaga) that attack the roots of grasses and could be potential biocontrol agents of white grubs in sod production areas. Larvae typically take two or three years to mature. | Wikipedia - Mydas fly | null | null | null |
Adults of several species are avid flower visitors and act as pollinating agents. Rattlesnake master (Eryngium yuccifolium) is a favorite nectar source in the Midwest. They are infrequently encountered as the adult lifespan can be quite short. | Wikipedia - Mydas fly | null | null | null |
Little is known about their reproductive habits, but they are thought to spawn in mid-summer and perhaps hybridize with both roundtail and humpback chubs. Spawning in Lake Mohave has been observed during May, while in the upper Green River, it occurs in the months of June and July. Eggs are laid randomly over the botto... | Wikipedia - Bonytail chub | null | null | null |
Little is known of the Indonesian angelshark's natural history. It is presumably aplacental viviparous like other members of its family. The smallest male specimen, an adult, measured 1.25 m (4.1 ft) long. | Wikipedia - Indonesian angelshark | null | null | null |
Little is known of the natural history of the Australian reticulate swellshark. Like other members of its genus, this species can inflate itself with water or air as a defensive measure. The eggs of this oviparous species are contained in smooth, light yellow flask-shaped capsules, which have a flanged margin and horns... | Wikipedia - Australian reticulate swellshark | null | null | null |
Little is known of the natural history of the longfin sawtail catshark. Reproduction is oviparous; mature females have a single functional ovary, on the right, and two functional oviducts. A single egg matures within each oviduct at a time. The egg is enclosed within a flask-shaped capsule roughly 4.9β5.1 cm (1.9β2.0 i... | Wikipedia - Longfin sawtail catshark | null | null | null |
Little is known of the natural history of the northern sawtail catshark. Males attain sexual maturity at approximately 38 cm (15 in) long. | Wikipedia - Northern sawtail catshark | null | null | null |
Little is known of the natural history of the peppered catshark. Reproduction is oviparous and apparently takes place between May and September. Newly mature females carry only 2β3 eggs, while the largest females may carry 10 or more eggs at a time; each egg is contained within a distinctively olive-green capsule aroun... | Wikipedia - Peppered catshark | null | null | null |
Little is known of the natural history of the smalleye pygmy shark. It feeds primarily on midwater squid, krill, shrimps, and small bony fishes such as lanternfish. The photophores on its underside may serve to camouflage its silhouette from predators by matching the downwelling light, a strategy known as "counter-illu... | Wikipedia - Smalleye pygmy shark | null | null | null |
Little skates are more active at night and spend much of the day buried in sediment, usually near specific landscape features such as depressions excavated by other animals. They employ a curious mode of locomotion, dubbed "punting" by the first scientists to document it, to move over the sea floor. The forward lobes o... | Wikipedia - Little skate | null | null | null |
The crura are also used as pivots when the skate needs to turn. Research proposes that the locomotion is akin to that found in land vertebrates and thus puts the evolution of the underlying genes 20 million years earlier. | Wikipedia - Little skate | null | null | null |
It has been speculated that using the pelvic fins in this manner assists in hunting, by reducing water turbulence that might alert the prey or distort the ray's electroreception.The tail of the little skate contains an electric organ that intermittently generates a weak electric field (the electric organ discharge or E... | Wikipedia - Little skate | null | null | null |
Little skates are oviparous. Mating occurs frequently throughout the year and pregnant females can be found year-round. However, eggs are most common from October to December and from April to May, and least common from August to September and February to March. | Wikipedia - Little skate | null | null | null |
An average little skate spawns twice a year, in spring and fall, and produces a total of 10β35 eggs annually. Females deposit their egg capsules in pairs on sandy bottoms, in water no more than 27 m (89 ft) deep. The egg cases are amber-colored when first laid but become greenish-brown and leathery. | Wikipedia - Little skate | null | null | null |
Each roughly rectangular case contains a single fertilized egg and measures 44β63 mm (1.7β2.5 in) long and 30β45 mm (1.2β1.8 in) wide. There are hollow horns at each corner with sticky tendrils to secure the egg case to the substrate; the anterior horns are half as long as the case and curved inward, while the posterio... | Wikipedia - Little skate | null | null | null |
The newborns measure 93β102 mm (3.7β4.0 in) long and are perfectly formed miniatures of the adults. After hatching, the empty egg capsules often wash ashore and are known as "mermaid's purses". Growth is about 10 cm (3.9 in) per year for the first three years, then slows down to 5 cm (2.0 in) per year between the third... | Wikipedia - Little skate | null | null | null |
At adolescence, males become larger than the females, and this difference persists through adulthood. Males mature at 32β43 cm (13β17 in) long and females at 36β45 cm (14β18 in) long. Very few little skates over 5 years old have been found, suggesting a high mortality rate at that age.An unusual little skate specimen f... | Wikipedia - Little skate | null | null | null |
Liu Hui argued: "Multiply one side of a hexagon by the radius (of its circumcircle), then multiply this by three, to yield the area of a dodecagon; if we cut a hexagon into a dodecagon, multiply its side by its radius, then again multiply by six, we get the area of a 24-gon; the finer we cut, the smaller the loss with ... | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
The resulting area exceeds the boundary of the circle". In the diagram d = excess radius. Multiplying d by one side results in oblong ABCD which exceeds the boundary of the circle. | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
If a side of the polygon is small (i.e. there is a very large number of sides), then the excess radius will be small, hence excess area will be small. As in the diagram, when N β β, d β 0, and ABCD β 0. | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
"Multiply the side of a polygon by its radius, and the area doubles; hence multiply half the circumference by the radius to yield the area of circle". When N β β, half the circumference of the N-gon approaches a semicircle, thus half a circumference of a circle multiplied by its radius equals the area of the circle. Li... | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
However, it is self-evident by using Liu Hui's "in-out complement principle" which he provided elsewhere in The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art: Cut up a geometric shape into parts, rearrange the parts to form another shape, the area of the two shapes will be identical. Thus rearranging the six green triangles, t... | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
Starting with a hexagon, Liu Hui could determine the side length of a dodecagon using this formula. Then continue repetitively to determine the side length of an icositetragon given the side length of a dodecagon. | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
He could do this recursively as many times as necessary. Knowing how to determine the area of these polygons, Liu Hui could then approximate Ο. With r = 10 {\displaystyle r=10} units, he obtained area of 96-gon A 96 = 313 584 625 {\displaystyle {}A_{96}=313{584 \over 625}} area of 192-gon A 192 = 314 64 625 {\displayst... | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
Liu Hui established a solid algorithm for calculation of Ο to any accuracy. Zu Chongzhi was familiar with Liu Hui's work, and obtained greater accuracy by applying his algorithm to a 12288-gon.From Liu Hui's formula for 2N-gon: A 2 N = m N Γ r {\displaystyle A_{2N}=m_{N}\times r} For 12288-gon inscribed in a unit radiu... | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
Liu Hui proved an inequality involving Ο by considering the area of inscribed polygons with N and 2N sides. In the diagram, the yellow area represents the area of an N-gon, denoted by A N {\displaystyle A_{N}} , and the yellow area plus the green area represents the area of a 2N-gon, denoted by A 2 N {\displaystyle A_{... | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
The red area is equal to the green area, and so is also D 2 N {\displaystyle D_{2N}} . So Yellow area + green area + red area = A 2 N + D 2 N . | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle A_{2N}+D_{2N}.} Let A C {\displaystyle A_{C}} represent the area of the circle. Then A 2 N < A C < A 2 N + D 2 N . {\displaystyle A_{2N} | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
Liu Hui's commentary on The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art is the earliest edition of the original text available. Hui is believed by most to be a mathematician shortly after the Han dynasty. Within his commentary, Hui qualified and proved some of the problems from either an algebraic or geometrical standpoint. | Wikipedia - Chinese mathematics | null | null | null |
For instance, throughout The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, the value of pi is taken to be equal to three in problems regarding circles or spheres. In his commentary, Liu Hui finds a more accurate estimation of pi using the method of exhaustion. The method involves creating successive polynomials within a circl... | Wikipedia - Chinese mathematics | null | null | null |
Liu Hui's Ο algorithm was one of his most important contributions to ancient Chinese mathematics. It was based on calculation of N-gon area, in contrast to the Archimedean algorithm based on polygon circumference. With this method Zu Chongzhi obtained the eight-digit result: 3.1415926 < Ο < 3.1415927, which held the wo... | Wikipedia - Liu Hui's Ο algorithm | null | null | null |
Live Geometry is a free CodePlex project that lets you create interactive ruler and compass constructions and experiment with them. It is written in Silverlight 4 and C# 4.0 (Visual Studio 2010). The core engine is a flexible and extensible framework that allows easy addition of new figure types and features. The proje... | Wikipedia - List of interactive geometry software | null | null | null |
Live crib walls are structures that resemble that of a wooden log cabin built into a streambank and rilled with natural materials such as soil, dormant wood cuttings, and rock. The live crib wall is able to fortify stream banks with the combination of the sturdy log structure and the root mass that will sprout from the... | Wikipedia - Soft engineering | null | null | null |
Live loads, or imposed loads, are temporary, of short duration, or a moving load. These dynamic loads may involve considerations such as impact, momentum, vibration, slosh dynamics of fluids and material fatigue. Live loads, sometimes also referred to as probabilistic loads, include all the forces that are variable wit... | Wikipedia - Dead loads | null | null | null |
LiveCycle Correspondence Management centralizes the creation, management, and delivery of customized correspondence. Personalized communications such as statements, letters, or notices can be created with a mix of custom-authored and pre-approved content and delivered through the customer's channel of choice. The solut... | Wikipedia - Flex Data Services | null | null | null |
LiveCycle Data Services (previously called Flex Data Services) is a server-side complement to the main Flex SDK and Flash Builder IDE and is part of a family of server-based products available from Adobe. Deployed as a Java EE application, LiveCycle Data Services adds capabilities to Flex applications. | Wikipedia - Apache Flex | null | null | null |
LiveCycle DataServices is a framework that simplifies the development of Flex and AIR applications. It includes functionality for messaging, remoting, data management, and PDF creation of rich Internet application (RIA) interfaces. It solves complex data management problems such as maintaining a single instance of data... | Wikipedia - Flex Data Services | null | null | null |
LiveCycle Forms Pro includes FormsStandard and adds the ability to render Mobile Forms for mobile devices using HTML5 and a forms management capability. Forms management allows business users to manage and deploy forms to a forms portal. | Wikipedia - Flex Data Services | null | null | null |
LiveCycle Forms Standard allows users to create and deploy XML-based form templates as PDFs. Forms can be saved for offline use in Adobe Reader when they are reader-extended, a capability included in Forms Standard. LiveCycle Forms ES4 supports data-driven forms by merging XML content to create personalized renditions. | Wikipedia - Flex Data Services | null | null | null |
LiveCycle Reader Extensions switches on functionality within the Adobe Reader on a per-document basis. When "Reader Extending" a PDF document, the user selects the capabilities they want to enable, then Reader would enable that functionality when opening the document or form. The user can select all or any combination ... | Wikipedia - Flex Data Services | null | null | null |
LiveCycle Rights Management is an enterprise digital rights management (EDRM) product that provides data-centric security with user access and control policies to various types of data including PDF and Flash Video - and also native formats including Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. Rights management allows document "leasi... | Wikipedia - Adobe LiveCycle | null | null | null |
Liveness analysis is a "backwards may" analysis. The analysis is done in a backwards order, and the dataflow confluence operator is set union. In other words, if applying liveness analysis to a function with a particular number of logical branches within it, the analysis is performed starting from the end of the functi... | Wikipedia - Live-variable analysis | null | null | null |
The dataflow equations used for a given basic block s and exiting block f in live variable analysis are the following: GEN {\displaystyle {\mbox{GEN}}}: The set of variables that are used in s before any assignment in the same basic block. KILL {\displaystyle {\mbox{KILL}}}: The set of variables that are assigned a v... | Wikipedia - Live-variable analysis | null | null | null |
. , x n } {\displaystyle {\mbox{GEN}}=\{x_{1},...,x_{n}\}} KILL = { y } {\displaystyle {\mbox{KILL}}=\{y\}} The in-state of a block is the set of variables that are live at the start of the block. Its out-state is the set of variables that are live at the end of it. The out-state is the union of the in-states of the b... | Wikipedia - Live-variable analysis | null | null | null |
Liveness is also guaranteed in the synchronous, crash-recovery model. Consider the would-be leader failing after sending an Answer (Alive) message but before sending a Coordinator (victory) message. If it does not recover before the set timeout on lower ID processes, one of them will become leader eventually (even if s... | Wikipedia - Bully algorithm | null | null | null |
Liver cirrhosis is associated with decreased HRV. Decreased HRV in patients with cirrhosis has a prognostic value and predicts mortality. Loss of HRV is also associated with higher plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and impaired neurocognitive function in this patient population. | Wikipedia - Heart rate variability | null | null | null |
Lives stakes and fascines are a specific tree or shrub species that thrive in moist soil conditions and can be strategically used to stabilize stream banks and shorelines. Live stakes are hardwood cuttings with the branches removed that, when planted in moist soil, will grow new plants from the stems of the cut branche... | Wikipedia - Soft engineering | null | null | null |
Livestock conditions Water points or sources Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) | Wikipedia - Common Operational Datasets | null | null | null |
Living almost exclusively in the aphotic zone where little to no sunlight penetrates, the Portuguese dogfish is relatively common and the dominant shark species in deeper waters. The large, squalene-rich liver of this shark allows it to maintain neutral buoyancy and hover with minimal effort; males contain more squalen... | Wikipedia - Portuguese dogfish | null | null | null |
Known parasites of this species include monogeneans in the genus Erpocotyle, and the tapeworms Sphyriocephalus viridis, S. richardi, and Anthobothrium sp.An active predator of mobile, relatively large organisms, the Portuguese dogfish feeds mainly on cephalopods (including Mastigoteuthis spp.) and bony fishes (includin... | Wikipedia - Portuguese dogfish | null | null | null |
The Portuguese dogfish has more acute vision than many other deepsea sharks: in addition to having a large pupil and lens, and a tapetum lucidum, its eyes also contain a high concentration of ganglion cells mostly concentrated in a horizontal streak that is densest at the center; these cells impart highly sensitive mot... | Wikipedia - Portuguese dogfish | null | null | null |
The smaller size of Mediterranean sharks relative to those from the rest of the world may be due to limited food availability and/or the warmer, saltier environment. Some 87% of the diet of Portuguese dogfish in the Mediterranean consists of cephalopods. Bony fishes are a secondary food source, while immature sharks fa... | Wikipedia - Portuguese dogfish | null | null | null |
Living mainly near rivers, streams and lakes, it frequently feeds on fish. Sometimes, it feeds also on amphibians such as frogs, toads, and tadpoles. Classified as nonvenomous, N. tessellata produces a potent antihemorrhagin in its serum and has been said to produce a neurotoxin through a gland in its mouth. As a defen... | Wikipedia - Natrix tessellata | null | null | null |
Another defence mechanism is thanatosis, playing dead. During the mating season (MarchβMay), they congregate in large groups. Egg-laying is usually in July, and one clutch consists of 10β30 eggs. The young snakes hatch in early September. Dice snakes hibernate from October to April in dry holes near the water. | Wikipedia - Natrix tessellata | null | null | null |
Living near urban forests have shown positive impacts on mental health. As an experimental mental health intervention in the city of Philadelphia, trash was removed from vacant lots, some of them being selectively "greened" by plantings trees, grass, and installing small fences. Residents near the "greened" lots who ha... | Wikipedia - Urban tree | null | null | null |
Living organisms can produce magnetite. In humans, magnetite can be found in various parts of the brain including the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes, brainstem, cerebellum and basal ganglia. Iron can be found in three forms in the brain β magnetite, hemoglobin (blood) and ferritin (protein), and areas... | Wikipedia - Magnetite | null | null | null |
The hippocampus is associated with information processing, specifically learning and memory. However, magnetite can have toxic effects due to its charge or magnetic nature and its involvement in oxidative stress or the production of free radicals. | Wikipedia - Magnetite | null | null | null |
Research suggests that beta-amyloid plaques and tau proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease frequently occur after oxidative stress and the build-up of iron.Some researchers also suggest that humans possess a magnetic sense, proposing that this could allow certain people to use magnetoreception for navigatio... | Wikipedia - Magnetite | null | null | null |
These nanoparticles can travel to the brain via the olfactory nerve, increasing the concentration of magnetite in the brain. In some brain samples, the nanoparticle pollution outnumbers the natural particles by as much as 100:1, and such pollution-borne magnetite particles may be linked to abnormal neural deterioration... | Wikipedia - Magnetite | null | null | null |
Some of the further eight, aged 62 to 92, from Manchester, England, had died with varying severities of neurodegenerative diseases. Such particles could conceivably contribute to diseases like Alzheimer's disease. Though a causal link has not yet been established, laboratory studies suggest that iron oxides such as mag... | Wikipedia - Magnetite | null | null | null |
Such plaques have been linked to Alzheimer's disease.Increased iron levels, specifically magnetic iron, have been found in portions of the brain in Alzheimer's patients. Monitoring changes in iron concentrations may make it possible to detect the loss of neurons and the development of neurodegenerative diseases prior t... | Wikipedia - Magnetite | null | null | null |
Living organisms may contribute to mechanical weathering, as well as chemical weathering (see Β§ Biological weathering below). Lichens and mosses grow on essentially bare rock surfaces and create a more humid chemical microenvironment. The attachment of these organisms to the rock surface enhances physical as well as ch... | Wikipedia - Severe weathering | null | null | null |
Living organisms must obey the laws of thermodynamics, which describe the transfer of heat and work. The second law of thermodynamics states that in any isolated system, the amount of entropy (disorder) cannot decrease. Although living organisms' amazing complexity appears to contradict this law, life is possible as al... | Wikipedia - Metabolism | null | null | null |
Living systems are not in equilibrium, but instead are dissipative systems that maintain their state of high complexity by causing a larger increase in the entropy of their environments. The metabolism of a cell achieves this by coupling the spontaneous processes of catabolism to the non-spontaneous processes of anabol... | Wikipedia - Metabolism | null | null | null |
Living things like orchids, hummingbirds, and the peacock's tail have abstract designs with a beauty of form, pattern and colour that artists struggle to match. The beauty that people perceive in nature has causes at different levels, notably in the mathematics that governs what patterns can physically form, and among ... | Wikipedia - Da Vinci branching rule | null | null | null |
For example, a crystal is perfect when it has no structural defects such as dislocations and is fully symmetric. Exact mathematical perfection can only approximate real objects. | Wikipedia - Da Vinci branching rule | null | null | null |
Visible patterns in nature are governed by physical laws; for example, meanders can be explained using fluid dynamics. In biology, natural selection can cause the development of patterns in living things for several reasons, including camouflage, sexual selection, and different kinds of signalling, including mimicry an... | Wikipedia - Da Vinci branching rule | null | null | null |
Livingston Alpha Force is the last team that was formed in 2008 with three members range in age from 8 to 12 years with Janea and Jojo Agbayani as coaches. The team's focus is for recreation and training about science, building with LEGOs, and to start to focus on programming. | Wikipedia - Livingston Robotics Club | null | null | null |
Lizbeth GarcΓa Quevedo, director of the Coordination with Federal Entities (CONADIC), spoke of pathological gambling as a strong addiction in Mexico: "It has very similar behaviors, that is why some experts consider it an addiction because it is similar in the behaviors, in the origins, some risk factors that can trigg... | Wikipedia - Pathological gambling | null | null | null |
Studies commissioned by the National Gambling Impact Study Commission Act has shown the prevalence rate ranges from 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent. Nevada has the highest percentage of pathological gambling; a 2002 report estimated 2.2 to 3.6 percent of Nevada residents over the age of 18 could be called problem gamblers. ... | Wikipedia - Pathological gambling | null | null | null |
A 1996 study estimated 1.2 to 1.9 percent of adults in Canada were pathological. In Ontario, a 2006 report showed 2.6 percent of residents experienced "moderate gambling problems" and 0.8 percent had "severe gambling problems". In Quebec, an estimated 0.8 percent of the adult population were pathological gamblers in 20... | Wikipedia - Pathological gambling | null | null | null |
Although most who gamble do so without harm, approximately 6 million American adults are addicted to gambling.According to a survey of 11th and 12th graders in Wood County, Ohio found that the percentage who reported being unable to control their gambling rose to 8.3 percent in 2022, up from just 4.2 percent in 2018. T... | Wikipedia - Pathological gambling | null | null | null |
Lloyd's algorithm is usually used in a Euclidean space. The Euclidean distance plays two roles in the algorithm: it is used to define the Voronoi cells, but it also corresponds to the choice of the centroid as the representative point of each cell, since the centroid is the point that minimizes the average squared Eucl... | Wikipedia - Lloyd's algorithm | null | null | null |
Lloyd's algorithm starts by an initial placement of some number k of point sites in the input domain. In mesh-smoothing applications, these would be the vertices of the mesh to be smoothed; in other applications they may be placed at random or by intersecting a uniform triangular mesh of the appropriate size with the i... | Wikipedia - Lloyd's algorithm | null | null | null |
Lloyd's method was originally used for scalar quantization, but it is clear that the method extends for vector quantization as well. As such, it is extensively used in data compression techniques in information theory. Lloyd's method is used in computer graphics because the resulting distribution has blue noise charact... | Wikipedia - Lloyd's algorithm | null | null | null |
It is particularly well-suited to picking sample positions for dithering. Lloyd's algorithm is also used to generate dot drawings in the style of stippling. In this application, the centroids can be weighted based on a reference image to produce stipple illustrations matching an input image.In the finite element method... | Wikipedia - Lloyd's algorithm | null | null | null |
It is important for the convergence of the finite element methods that these elements be well shaped; in the case of triangles, often elements that are nearly equilateral triangles are preferred. Lloyd's algorithm can be used to smooth a mesh generated by some other algorithm, moving its vertices and changing the conne... | Wikipedia - Lloyd's algorithm | null | null | null |
Lo showed that oblivious transfer and other secure computations cannot be achieved with unconditional security based only on the laws of quantum physics. This impossibility result by Lo extends to the more general setting of relativistic quantum cryptography. Colbeck showed that various secure computations are impossib... | Wikipedia - Relativistic quantum cryptography | null | null | null |
Load balancing is widely used in data center networks to distribute traffic across many existing paths between any two servers. It allows more efficient use of network bandwidth and reduces provisioning costs. In general, load balancing in datacenter networks can be classified as either static or dynamic. | Wikipedia - Load balancing (computing) | null | null | null |
Static load balancing distributes traffic by computing a hash of the source and destination addresses and port numbers of traffic flows and using it to determine how flows are assigned to one of the existing paths. Dynamic load balancing assigns traffic flows to paths by monitoring bandwidth use on different paths. Dyn... | Wikipedia - Load balancing (computing) | null | null | null |
Loam is a combination of sand, silt and clay that encompasses soils. It can be named based on the primary particles in the soil composition, ex. sandy loam, clay loam, silt loam, etc. | Wikipedia - Soil chemistry | null | null | null |
Local CMS software installation on a stand-alone computer may allow the quickest access to data but has the most limited access as well as a high maintenance responsibility and data backup protocol falls on the museum. A CMS installed on a local network may allow for wider access within the museum. A CMS as software as... | Wikipedia - Collections management system | null | null | null |
Local Multidimensional Scaling performs multidimensional scaling in local regions, and then uses convex optimization to fit all the pieces together. | Wikipedia - Locally linear embedding | null | null | null |
Local Rounds (LRs) are held within one University with an established Local BEST Group (LBG). The winning team of each category proceeds to the next level. | Wikipedia - European BEST Engineering Competition | null | null | null |
Local boundedness may also refer to a property of topological vector spaces, or of functions from a topological space into a topological vector space (TVS). | Wikipedia - Local boundedness | null | null | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.