text stringlengths 14 4.79k | source stringlengths 13 304 | tokens float64 75 1.06k ⌀ | char_length float64 106 4.79k ⌀ | article_title stringlengths 16 300 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
The semiconductor layer has a thickness d, and the electron charge carriers are trapped in a potential well. These electrons, and their corresponding holes, have discrete energy levels that are found by solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation, as shown: E q = ℏ 2 ( q π / d ) 2 2 m , q = 1 , 2 , 3 , . | Wikipedia - Quantum field effect transistor | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle E_{q}={\hbar ^{2}(q\pi /d)^{2} \over 2m},q=1,2,3,...} The charge carriers can be activated (or deactivated) by applying a potential to the gate terminal that matches a corresponding energy level. These energy levels depend on the thickness of the semiconductor layer and the material properties. A promisi... | Wikipedia - Quantum field effect transistor | null | null | null |
Larger gaps between energy levels can be achieved by lowering the thickness d of the layer. In the case of InGaAs, layer lengths of around 20 nanometers have been achieved. In practice, three-dimensional quantum wells are produced, with the dimensions of the plane of the layer, d2 and d3, being much larger in relative ... | Wikipedia - Quantum field effect transistor | null | null | null |
The corresponding electron energy-momentum relation is described by E = E c + ℏ 2 k 1 2 2 m c + ℏ 2 k 2 2 2 m c + ℏ 2 k 3 2 2 m c {\displaystyle E=E_{c}+{\hbar ^{2}k_{1}^{2} \over 2m_{c}}+{\hbar ^{2}k_{2}^{2} \over 2m_{c}}+{\hbar ^{2}k_{3}^{2} \over 2m_{c}}} . The k values in this relation correspond to q 1 π d 1 , q 2... | Wikipedia - Quantum field effect transistor | null | null | null |
Quantum wires are essentially channels in a 1D system, providing a tighter carrier confinement and a predictable current flow.Traditional MOSFETs, constructed with a silicon dioxide layer on top of a silicon substrate, operate by creating a biased p-n junction, which can be forward or reverse biased in the presence of ... | Wikipedia - Quantum field effect transistor | null | null | null |
Modern experimental approaches using systems biology have identified many novel components in biological clocks that suggest an integrative view on how organisms maintain circadian oscillation.Recently, Baggs et al. developed a novel strategy termed "Gene Dosage Network Analysis" (GDNA) to describe network features in ... | Wikipedia - Circadian oscillator | null | null | null |
For example, when Bmal1 was knocked down in a dose-dependent manner, Rev-ErbA alpha and Rev-ErbA beta mRNA levels were shown to decrease in a linear, proportional manner. This supported previous findings that Bmal1 directly activates Rev-erb genes and further suggests Bmal1 as a strong contributor to Rev-erb expression... | Wikipedia - Circadian oscillator | null | null | null |
The authors observed signal propagation through interactions between activators and repressors, and uncovered unidirectional paralog compensation among several clock gene repressors—for example, when PER1 is depleted, there is an increase in Rev-erbs, which in turn propagates a signal to decrease expression in BMAL1, t... | Wikipedia - Circadian oscillator | null | null | null |
In essence, the authors proposed that the observed network features act in concert as a genetic buffering system to maintain clock function in the face of genetic and environmental perturbation. Following this logic, we may use genomics to explore network features in the circadian oscillator. Another study conducted by... | Wikipedia - Circadian oscillator | null | null | null |
Knockdown of nearly 1000 genes reduced rhythm amplitude. The authors found and confirmed hundreds of potent effects on period length or increased amplitude in secondary screens. Characterization of a subset of these genes demonstrated a dosage-dependent effect on oscillator function. | Wikipedia - Circadian oscillator | null | null | null |
Protein interaction network analysis showed that dozens of gene products were directly or indirectly associate with known clock components. Pathway analysis revealed these genes are overrepresented for components of insulin and hedgehog signaling pathway, the cell cycle, and folate metabolism. Coupled with data demonst... | Wikipedia - Circadian oscillator | null | null | null |
Modern experiments in nuclear and high-energy particle physics almost invariably use fast anticoincidence circuits to veto unwanted events. The desired events are typically accompanied by unwanted background processes that must be suppressed by enormous factors, ranging from thousands to many billions, to permit the de... | Wikipedia - Compton suppression | null | null | null |
Modern food and biological process engineering relies heavily on applications of genetic manipulation. By understanding plants and animals on the molecular level, scientists are able to engineer them with specific goals in mind.Among the most notable applications of such genetic engineering is the creation of disease o... | Wikipedia - Food and biological process engineering | null | null | null |
Modern forensic chemists rely on numerous instruments to identify unknown materials found at a crime scene. The 20th century saw many advancements in technology that allowed chemists to detect smaller amounts of material more accurately. The first major advancement in this century came during the 1930s with the inventi... | Wikipedia - Forensic chemistry | null | null | null |
It was not until the coupling of an interferometer with an IR spectrometer in 1949 by Peter Fellgett that the complete infrared spectrum could be measured at once. : 202 Fellgett also used the Fourier transform, a mathematical method that can break down a signal into its individual frequencies, to make sense of the eno... | Wikipedia - Forensic chemistry | null | null | null |
Spectroscopy was further advanced in 1955 with the invention of the modern atomic absorption (AA) spectrophotometer by Alan Walsh. AA analysis can detect specific elements that make up a sample along with their concentrations, allowing for the easy detection of heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium.Advancements in t... | Wikipedia - Forensic chemistry | null | null | null |
Modern HPLC instruments are capable of detecting and resolving substances whose concentrations are as low as parts per trillion.One of the most important advancements in forensic chemistry came in 1955 with the invention of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) by Fred McLafferty and Roland Gohlke. The coupling ... | Wikipedia - Forensic chemistry | null | null | null |
Modern general purpose computers and some embedded processors have support for virtual memory. Each process has its own virtual address space. A page table maps a subset of the process virtual addresses to physical addresses. In addition, in most architectures the page table holds an "access" bit and a "dirty" bit for ... | Wikipedia - Clock with Adaptive Replacement | null | null | null |
The CPU sets the access bit when the process reads or writes memory in that page. The CPU sets the dirty bit when the process writes memory in that page. The operating system can modify the access and dirty bits. | Wikipedia - Clock with Adaptive Replacement | null | null | null |
The operating system can detect accesses to memory and files through the following means: By clearing the access bit in pages present in the process' page table. After some time, the OS scans the page table looking for pages that had the access bit set by the CPU. This is fast because the access bit is set automaticall... | Wikipedia - Clock with Adaptive Replacement | null | null | null |
By removing pages from the process' page table without necessarily removing them from physical memory. The next access to that page is detected immediately because it causes a page fault. This is slow because a page fault involves a context switch to the OS, software lookup for the corresponding physical address, modif... | Wikipedia - Clock with Adaptive Replacement | null | null | null |
Modern general-purpose speech recognition systems are based on hidden Markov models. These are statistical models that output a sequence of symbols or quantities. HMMs are used in speech recognition because a speech signal can be viewed as a piecewise stationary signal or a short-time stationary signal. In a short time... | Wikipedia - Speech Recognition | null | null | null |
Speech can be thought of as a Markov model for many stochastic purposes. Another reason why HMMs are popular is that they can be trained automatically and are simple and computationally feasible to use. | Wikipedia - Speech Recognition | null | null | null |
In speech recognition, the hidden Markov model would output a sequence of n-dimensional real-valued vectors (with n being a small integer, such as 10), outputting one of these every 10 milliseconds. The vectors would consist of cepstral coefficients, which are obtained by taking a Fourier transform of a short time wind... | Wikipedia - Speech Recognition | null | null | null |
Each word, or (for more general speech recognition systems), each phoneme, will have a different output distribution; a hidden Markov model for a sequence of words or phonemes is made by concatenating the individual trained hidden Markov models for the separate words and phonemes. Described above are the core elements ... | Wikipedia - Speech Recognition | null | null | null |
A typical large-vocabulary system would need context dependency for the phonemes (so phonemes with different left and right context have different realizations as HMM states); it would use cepstral normalization to normalize for a different speaker and recording conditions; for further speaker normalization, it might u... | Wikipedia - Speech Recognition | null | null | null |
Examples are maximum mutual information (MMI), minimum classification error (MCE), and minimum phone error (MPE). Decoding of the speech (the term for what happens when the system is presented with a new utterance and must compute the most likely source sentence) would probably use the Viterbi algorithm to find the bes... | Wikipedia - Speech Recognition | null | null | null |
The set of candidates can be kept either as a list (the N-best list approach) or as a subset of the models (a lattice). Re scoring is usually done by trying to minimize the Bayes risk (or an approximation thereof): Instead of taking the source sentence with maximal probability, we try to take the sentence that minimize... | Wikipedia - Speech Recognition | null | null | null |
Modern kinematics developed with study of electromagnetism and refers all velocities v {\displaystyle v} to their ratio to speed of light c {\displaystyle c} . Velocity is then interpreted as rapidity, the hyperbolic angle φ {\displaystyle \varphi } for which the hyperbolic tangent function tanh φ = v ÷ c {\displayst... | Wikipedia - Motion | null | null | null |
Modern light, high powered microscopes have an internal light source, allowing illumination with both transmitted and reflected light. These microscopes can provide a magnification of up to x1000: good enough to provide clear images of starch granules as small as a few micrometres in diameter.Starch granules show diffe... | Wikipedia - Starch analysis | null | null | null |
Modern manufacturing engineering studies include all intermediate processes required for the production and integration of a product's components. Some industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the term "fabrication" for these processes. Automation is used in different processes of manufacturing suc... | Wikipedia - Production Engineering | null | null | null |
The main advantages of automated manufacturing for the manufacturing process are realized with effective implementation of automation and include: higher consistency and quality, reduction of lead times, simplification of production, reduced handling, improved work flow, and improved worker morale. Robotics is the appl... | Wikipedia - Production Engineering | null | null | null |
To create a robot, an engineer typically employs kinematics (to determine the robot's range of motion) and mechanics (to determine the stresses within the robot). Robots are used extensively in manufacturing engineering. | Wikipedia - Production Engineering | null | null | null |
Robots allow businesses to save money on labor, perform tasks that are either too dangerous or too precise for humans to perform economically, and to ensure better quality. Many companies employ assembly lines of robots, and some factories are so robotized that they can run by themselves. Outside the factory, robots ha... | Wikipedia - Production Engineering | null | null | null |
Modern manufacturing engineering studies include all intermediate processes required for the production and integration of a product's components.Some industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the term "fabrication" for these processes. Automation is used in different processes of manufacturing such... | Wikipedia - Industrial and production engineering | null | null | null |
Robotics is the application of mechatronics and automation to create robots, which are often used in manufacturing to perform tasks that are dangerous, unpleasant, or repetitive. These robots may be of any shape and size, but all are preprogrammed and interact physically with the world. To create a robot, an engineer t... | Wikipedia - Industrial and production engineering | null | null | null |
Robots are used extensively in manufacturing engineering.Robots allow businesses to save money on labor, perform tasks that are either too dangerous or too precise for humans to perform economically, and to ensure better quality. Many companies employ assembly lines of robots, and some factories are so robotized that t... | Wikipedia - Industrial and production engineering | null | null | null |
Modern marine geophysics, as with most oceanographic surveying with research ships, use Global Positioning System satellites, either the U.S. GPS array or the Russian GLONASS for ship navigation. Geophysical instruments towed near the seafloor typically use acoustic transponder navigation sonar networks. | Wikipedia - Marine geophysics | null | null | null |
Modern mathematical analysis is the study of infinite processes. It is the branch of mathematics that includes calculus. It can be applied in the study of classical concepts of mathematics, such as real numbers, complex variables, trigonometric functions, and algorithms, or of non-classical concepts like constructivism... | Wikipedia - Analysis | null | null | null |
In ancient mathematics they had a different meaning from what they now have. The oldest definition of mathematical analysis as opposed to synthesis is that given in Euclid, XIII. 5, which in all probability was framed by Eudoxus: "Analysis is the obtaining of the thing sought by assuming it and so reasoning up to an a... | Wikipedia - Analysis | null | null | null |
The analytic method is not conclusive, unless all operations involved in it are known to be reversible. To remove all doubt, the Greeks, as a rule, added to the analytic process a synthetic one, consisting of a reversion of all operations occurring in the analysis. Thus the aim of analysis was to aid in the discovery o... | Wikipedia - Analysis | null | null | null |
James Gow uses a similar argument as Cajori, with the following clarification, in his A Short History of Greek Mathematics (1884): The synthetic proof proceeds by shewing that the proposed new truth involves certain admitted truths. An analytic proof begins by an assumption, upon which a synthetic reasoning is founded.... | Wikipedia - Analysis | null | null | null |
A theoretic analysis is of the following kind. To prove that A is B, assume first that A is B. If so, then, since B is C and C is D and D is E, therefore A is E. If this be known a falsity, A is not B. But if this be a known truth and all the intermediate propositions be convertible, then the reverse process, A is E, E... | Wikipedia - Analysis | null | null | null |
Modern medical studies of swaddling use a form that is considerably shorter and less severe than the historical forms. The classical study by Lipton et al. of 1965 dealt with a modern swaddling form. The researchers described the two main effects of tightly wrapping babies: they are motorically calm and sleep much. The... | Wikipedia - Swaddling | null | null | null |
The research group around the Dutch biologist van Sleuwen in 2007 confirms this picture in their latest meta-analysis of medical studies on swaddling and its effects.However, severe restrictions on the scope of these studies should be kept in mind, because most of the positive effects mentioned by van Sleuwen et al. ar... | Wikipedia - Swaddling | null | null | null |
Modern medicine can, in some cases, revive patients who "died" by some definitions of death. Most advanced versions of such capabilities may include a method/system under development reported in 2019, 'BrainEx', that could partially revive (pig) brains hours after death (to the degree of brain circulation and cellular ... | Wikipedia - Technological resurrection | null | null | null |
It could be used to preserve donor organs but may also be developed to be useful for revival in medical emergencies by buying "more time for doctors to treat people whose bodies were starved of oxygen, such as those who died from drowning or heart attacks".There is research into what happens during and after death as w... | Wikipedia - Technological resurrection | null | null | null |
Modern medicine, unlike Galenic medicine (which dealt with humours), is mechanistic. For example, when a bit of solid matter such as a poison or a worm impacts upon another bit of matter (when it enters the human body), this sets off a chain of motions, giving rise to disease, just as when one billiard ball knocks into... | Wikipedia - Philosophy of medicine | null | null | null |
fungi, parasites, prions) but also genetics, poisons. While clinical medicine is concerned with the ill health of the individual patient when s/he has succumbed to disease, epidemiology is concerned with the pattern of diseases in populations in order to study their causes as well as how to manage, control, ameliorate ... | Wikipedia - Philosophy of medicine | null | null | null |
Modern microprocessors will allow for much faster processing if 8-bit character strings are not hashed by processing one character at a time, but by interpreting the string as an array of 32 bit or 64-bit integers and hashing/accumulating these "wide word" integer values by means of arithmetic operations (e.g. multipli... | Wikipedia - Hash algorithm | null | null | null |
Modern military engineering can be divided into three main tasks or fields: combat engineering, strategic support, and ancillary support. Combat engineering is associated with engineering on the battlefield. Combat engineers are responsible for increasing mobility on the front lines of war such as digging trenches and ... | Wikipedia - Construction engineer (military) | null | null | null |
Ancillary support includes provision and distribution of maps as well as the disposal of unexploded warheads. Military engineers construct bases, airfields, roads, bridges, ports, and hospitals. During peacetime before modern warfare, military engineers took the role of civil engineers by participating in the construct... | Wikipedia - Construction engineer (military) | null | null | null |
Modern models of reciprocity failure incorporate an exponential function, as opposed to power law, dependence on time or intensity at long exposure times or low intensities, based on the distribution of interquantic times (times between photon absorptions in a grain) and the temperature-dependent lifetimes of the inter... | Wikipedia - Reciprocity failure | null | null | null |
Modern nativism is most associated with the work of Jerry Fodor (1935–2017), Noam Chomsky (b. 1928), and Steven Pinker (b. 1954), who argue that humans from birth have certain cognitive modules (specialised genetically inherited psychological abilities) that allow them to learn and acquire certain skills, such as langu... | Wikipedia - Psychological nativism | null | null | null |
This poverty of the stimulus observation became a principal component of Chomsky's argument for a "language organ"—a genetically inherited neurological module that confers a somewhat universal understanding of syntax that all neurologically healthy humans are born with, which is fine-tuned by an individual's experience... | Wikipedia - Psychological nativism | null | null | null |
Modern notation for arithmetic operations was introduced between the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century by Johannes Widmann and Michael Stifel. At the end of 16th century, François Viète introduced symbols, now called variables, for representing indeterminate or unknown numbers. This created ... | Wikipedia - Syncopated algebra | null | null | null |
Another key event in the further development of algebra was the general algebraic solution of the cubic and quartic equations, developed in the mid-16th century. The idea of a determinant was developed by Japanese mathematician Kowa Seki in the 17th century, followed by Gottfried Leibniz ten years later, for the purpos... | Wikipedia - Syncopated algebra | null | null | null |
Modern novels sometimes make use of biology to provide structure and themes. Thomas Mann's 1912 Death in Venice relates the feelings of the protagonist to the progress of an epidemic of cholera, which eventually kills him.Richard Flanagan's 2001 novel Gould's Book of Fish makes use of the illustrations from artist and ... | Wikipedia - Biology in fiction | null | null | null |
Modern orthographic projection is derived from Gaspard Monge's descriptive geometry. Monge defined a reference system of two viewing planes, horizontal H ("ground") and vertical V ("backdrop"). These two planes intersect to partition 3D space into 4 quadrants, which he labeled: I: above H, in front of V II: above H, be... | Wikipedia - Third-angle projection | null | null | null |
Quadrants II and IV are also mathematically valid, but their use would result in one view "true" and the other view "flipped" by 180° through its vertical centerline, which is too confusing for technical drawings. (In cases where such a view is useful, e.g. a ceiling viewed from above, a reflected view is used, which i... | Wikipedia - Third-angle projection | null | null | null |
Modern particle physics research is focused on subatomic particles, including atomic constituents, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and neutrons are composite particles called baryons, made of quarks), that are produced by radioactive and scattering processes; such particles are photons, neutrinos, and... | Wikipedia - High Energy Physics | null | null | null |
Modern passenger information systems and journey planners require a detailed digital representation of stops and stations. The CEN Transmodel data model, and the related IFOPT data interchange standard, define how transport systems, including bus stops, should be described for use in computer models. In Transmodel, a s... | Wikipedia - Bus shelters | null | null | null |
Modern physics adopted the gear model in different ways. In the nineteenth century, James Clerk Maxwell developed a model of electromagnetism in which magnetic field lines were rotating tubes of incompressible fluid. Maxwell used a gear wheel and called it an "idle wheel" to explain the electric current as a rotation o... | Wikipedia - Diametral pitch | null | null | null |
Modern population statistics are normally accompanied by metadata that explains how the statistics have been compiled and adjusted to compensate for any collection issues. | Wikipedia - Demographic statistics | null | null | null |
Modern reel design had begun in England during the latter part of the 18th century, and the predominant model in use was known as the 'Nottingham reel'. The reel was a wide drum which spooled out freely, and was ideal for allowing the bait to drift a long way out with the current. Geared multiplying reels never success... | Wikipedia - Fly fishing | null | null | null |
George Cotton and his predecessors fished their flies with long rods and light lines, allowing the wind to do most of the work of getting the fly to the fish. Tackle design began to improve from the 1880s. The introduction of new woods to the manufacture of fly rods made it possible to cast flies into the wind on silk ... | Wikipedia - Fly fishing | null | null | null |
These lines allowed for a much greater casting distance. However, these early fly lines proved troublesome as they had to be coated with various dressings to make them float and needed to be taken off the reel and dried every four hours or so to prevent them from becoming waterlogged. Another negative consequence was t... | Wikipedia - Fly fishing | null | null | null |
This problem spurred the invention of the regulator to evenly spool the line out and prevent tangling.An American, Charles F. Orvis, designed and distributed a novel reel and fly design in 1874, described by reel historian Jim Brown as the "benchmark of American reel design", and the first fully modern fly reel. The fo... | Wikipedia - Fly fishing | null | null | null |
Modern research topics in solid-state physics include: High-temperature superconductivity Quasicrystals Spin glass Strongly correlated materials Two-dimensional materials Nanomaterials | Wikipedia - Solid-state physicist | null | null | null |
Modern scalable and high-performance data persistence technologies, such as Apache Hadoop, rely on massively parallel distributed data processing across many commodity computers on a high bandwidth network. In such systems, the data is distributed across multiple computers and therefore any particular computer in the s... | Wikipedia - Data (computer science) | null | null | null |
Modern scholarly estimates place the total number of executions for witchcraft in the 300-year period of European witch-hunts in the five digits, mostly at roughly between 35,000 and 50,000 (see table below for details), The majority of those accused were from the lower economic classes in European society, although in... | Wikipedia - Witch hunt | null | null | null |
In Iceland 92% of the accused were men, in Estonia 60%, and in Moscow two-thirds of those accused were male. In Finland, a total of more than 100 death row inmates were roughly equal in both men and women, but all Ålanders sentenced to witchcraft were only women.At one point during the Würzburg trials of 1629, children... | Wikipedia - Witch hunt | null | null | null |
Modern scholars differ in their opinions of whether Aristotle's physics were sufficiently based on empirical observations to qualify as science, or else whether they were derived primarily from philosophical speculation and thus fail to satisfy the scientific method.Carlo Rovelli has argued that Aristotle's physics are... | Wikipedia - Aristotelian mechanics | null | null | null |
Modern sensitive methods for protein search utilize sequence profiles. They may be used to compare a sequence to a profile, or in more advanced cases such as HH-suite, to match among profiles. Profiles and alignments are themselves derived from matches, using for example PSI-BLAST or HHblits. A position-specific scorin... | Wikipedia - HHpred / HHsearch | null | null | null |
The profiles are derived from multiple sequence alignments (MSAs), in which related proteins are written together (aligned), such that the frequencies of amino acids in each position can be interpreted as probabilities for amino acids in new related proteins, and be used to derive the "similarity scores". Because profi... | Wikipedia - HHpred / HHsearch | null | null | null |
Before starting the search through the actual database of HMMs, HHsearch/HHpred builds a multiple sequence alignment of sequences related to the query sequence/MSA using the HHblits program. From this alignment, a profile HMM is calculated. The databases contain HMMs that are precalculated in the same fashion using PSI... | Wikipedia - HHpred / HHsearch | null | null | null |
The output of HHpred and HHsearch is a ranked list of database matches (including E-values and probabilities for a true relationship) and the pairwise query-database sequence alignments. HHblits, a part of the HH-suite since 2001, builds high-quality multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) starting from a single query sequ... | Wikipedia - HHpred / HHsearch | null | null | null |
It matches against a pre-built HMM databases derived from protein sequence databases, each representing a "cluster" of related proteins. In the case of HHblits, such matches are done on the level of HMM-HMM profiles, which grants additional sensitivity. Its prefiltering reduces the tens of millions HMMs to match agains... | Wikipedia - HHpred / HHsearch | null | null | null |
Modern simulators tend to provide the following features: Fast robot prototyping: Using the own simulator as creation tool Using external tools Physics engines for realistic movements: Most simulators use Bullet, ODE or PhysX. Realistic 3d rendering: Standard 3d modeling tools or third-party tools can be used to build ... | Wikipedia - Robotics simulator | null | null | null |
Modern taxonomy uses database technologies to search and catalogue classifications and their documentation. While there is no commonly used database, there are comprehensive databases such as the Catalogue of Life, which attempts to list every documented species. The catalogue listed 1.64 million species for all kingdo... | Wikipedia - Biological classification | null | null | null |
Modern technology has already allowed us to use microbes to assist us in extracting materials on Earth, including over 25% of the our current copper supply. Similarly, microbes could help serve a similar purpose on other planets to mine resources, extract useful materials, or create self-sustaining reactors. The most p... | Wikipedia - Astro microbiology | null | null | null |
Cyanobacteria, along with some other rock-eating microbes, seem to be able to withstand the harsh conditions of the vacuum of space without much effort. On Mars, however, cyanobacteria will not even have to endure such harsh conditions.Scientists are currently working on the possibility of installing bioreactors or sim... | Wikipedia - Astro microbiology | null | null | null |
Modern technology provides innovative new opportunities for LCE: Visual analytics (VA) integrates visualization and data analytics to process large, dynamic data sets and solve complex problems. Researchers gather and synthesize historical and real-time data and information flow across all life cycle stages including i... | Wikipedia - Life-cycle engineering | null | null | null |
Augmented reality (AR) and Mixed reality (MR) allow interaction with real and virtual objects in a given environment. In the interpretation phase of LCA, where inventories and process impacts are considered, AR/MR facilitates interaction with complex data sets to investigate scenarios and validate assumptions. | Wikipedia - Life-cycle engineering | null | null | null |
It has the potential to break down barriers that inhibit the flow of information. Integrated process design is a methodology that involves identifying and integrating processes throughout the entire life cycle with the objective of improving performance. Using this information, analysis identifies enhancements, redefin... | Wikipedia - Life-cycle engineering | null | null | null |
The proposed integrated approach promotes synergies between fields like life cycle engineering and product design to improve performance compared to the current product life cycle. These systems and processes need to be integrated to break down barriers when “gathering & synthesizing information flows across life cycle... | Wikipedia - Life-cycle engineering | null | null | null |
Modern tools such as computer-based expert systems allow higher individualization of learning. Students do mathematical work at their own pace, providing for each student's learning style, and scaling the same activity for multiple levels. Special education and gifted education in particular require level and style acc... | Wikipedia - Modern elementary mathematics | null | null | null |
Modern learning materials, both computer and physical, accommodate learners through the use of multiple representation, such as graphs, pictures, words, animations, symbols, and sounds. For example, recent research suggests that sign language isn't only a means of speaking for those who are deaf, but also a visual appr... | Wikipedia - Modern elementary mathematics | null | null | null |
Educators who support child-led learning need to provide tasks that are open to interpretation, and be ready to improvise, rather than prepare lessons ahead of time. This modern approach often involves seizing opportunities for discovery, and learning as the child's curiosity demands. This departure from conventional s... | Wikipedia - Modern elementary mathematics | null | null | null |
Child-led learning taps into the child's intrinsic love of learning. Problem solving can be an intensely individualized activity, with students working in their own ways and also sharing insights and results within groups. There are many means to one end, emphasizing the importance of creative approaches. Promoting dis... | Wikipedia - Modern elementary mathematics | null | null | null |
Modern tracks are built from modular chain links which together compose a closed chain. The links are jointed by a hinge, which allows the track to be flexible and wrap around a set of wheels to make an endless loop. The chain links are often broad, and can be made of manganese alloy steel for high strength, hardness, ... | Wikipedia - Chain Track | null | null | null |
Reduced weight allows the vehicle to move faster and decreases overall vehicle weight to ease transportation. Since track weight is completely unsprung, reducing it improves suspension performance at speeds where the track's momentum is significant. In contrast, agricultural and construction vehicles opt for a track wi... | Wikipedia - Chain Track | null | null | null |
This allows track shoes to break without compromising the ability of the vehicle to move and decrease productivity but increases the overall weight of the track and vehicle. The vehicle's weight is transferred to the bottom length of track by a number of road wheels, or sets of wheels called bogies. While tracked const... | Wikipedia - Chain Track | null | null | null |
Suspension design in military vehicles is a major area of development; the very early designs were often completely unsprung. Later-developed road wheel suspension offered only a few inches of travel using springs, whereas modern hydro-pneumatic systems allow several feet of travel and include shock absorbers. Torsion-... | Wikipedia - Chain Track | null | null | null |
Modernist scholars Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida rejected the notion that the People of the Book would be excluded from Jannah, based on Q.4:123-124 (see above). The Fate of the unlearned is also a matter of dispute within Islamic theology. Turkish theologian Süleyman Ateş cites the Quran 5:66 to argue that there are ... | Wikipedia - Islamic eschatology | null | null | null |
Modernization and data center transformation enhances performance and energy efficiency.Information security is also a concern, and for this reason, a data center has to offer a secure environment that minimizes the chances of a security breach. A data center must, therefore, keep high standards for assuring the integr... | Wikipedia - Data center | null | null | null |
Gartner, another research company, says data centers older than seven years are obsolete. The growth in data (163 zettabytes by 2025) is one factor driving the need for data centers to modernize. Focus on modernization is not new: concern about obsolete equipment was decried in 2007, and in 2011 Uptime Institute was co... | Wikipedia - Data center | null | null | null |
Modifiers such as modulation wheels, pitch bend wheels, sustain pedals, pitch sliders, buttons, knobs, faders, switches, ribbon controllers, etc., alter an instrument's state of operation, and thus can be used to modify sounds or other parameters of music performance in real time via MIDI connections. Some controllers,... | Wikipedia - MIDI controller | null | null | null |
This produces the illusion of a continuously sliding pitch, as in a violin's portamento, rather than a series of zippered steps such as a guitarist sliding their finger up the frets of their guitar's neck. The original MIDI specification included 128 virtual controller numbers for real-time modifications to live instru... | Wikipedia - MIDI controller | null | null | null |
Modular addition or subtraction, also known as 'false adding/subtraction', in this context (and many pen and paper ciphers) is digit-by-digit addition and subtraction without 'carrying' or 'borrowing'. For example: 1234 + 6789 = 7913 1234 - 6789 = 5555 | Wikipedia - VIC cipher | null | null | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.