text stringlengths 14 4.79k | source stringlengths 13 304 | tokens float64 75 1.06k ⌀ | char_length float64 106 4.79k ⌀ | article_title stringlengths 16 300 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Platinum nanoparticles have been shown to act as ROS, serving as “biological antioxidants” and significantly reducing oxidation in the brain as a result of stroke. Nanoparticles can also lead to neurotoxicity and cause permanent BBB damage either from brain oedema or from unrelated molecules crossing the BBB and causin... | Wikipedia - Nanoneuroscience | null | null | null |
This proves further long term in vivo studies are needed to gain enough understanding to allow for successful clinical trials. One of the most common nano-based drug delivery platforms is liposome-based delivery. They are both lipid-soluble and nano-scale and thus are permitted through a fully functioning BBB. | Wikipedia - Nanoneuroscience | null | null | null |
Additionally, lipids themselves are biological molecules, making them highly biocompatible, which in turn lowers the risk of cell toxicity. The bilayer that is formed allows the molecule to fully encapsulate any drug, protecting it while it is travelling through the body. One drawback to shielding the drug from the out... | Wikipedia - Nanoneuroscience | null | null | null |
Due to their low stability, liposome-based nanoparticles for drug delivery have a short shelf life.Targeted therapy using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is also a popular topic of research and has led to several stage III clinical trials. Invasiveness is not an issue here because a magnetic force can be applied from the... | Wikipedia - Nanoneuroscience | null | null | null |
Nanoparticles are valuable tools in identification of biomolecules, through the use of bio-tagging or labeling. Attachments of ligands or molecular coatings to the surface of a nanoparticle facilitate nanoparticle-molecule interaction, and make them biocompatible. Conjugation can be achieved through intermolecular attr... | Wikipedia - Nanoparticle–biomolecule conjugate | null | null | null |
To enhance visualization, nanoparticles can also be made to fluoresce by controlling the size and shape of a nanoparticle probe. Fluorescence increases luminescence by increasing the range of wavelengths the emitted light can reach, allowing for biomarkers with a variety of colors. This technique is used to track the e... | Wikipedia - Nanoparticle–biomolecule conjugate | null | null | null |
Nanoparticles can also be used in conjunction with DNA to perform genetic alterations. These are frequently monitored through the use of fluorescent materials, allowing scientists to judge if these tagged proteins have successfully been transmitted—for example green fluorescent protein, or GFP. Nanoparticles are signif... | Wikipedia - Nanoparticle–biomolecule conjugate | null | null | null |
Suspensions of nanoparticles with the same size and shapes (mono-dispersed) with functional groups attached to their surfaces can also electrostatically bind to DNA, protecting them from several types of degradation. Because the fluorescence of these nanoparticles does not degrade, cellular localization can be tracked ... | Wikipedia - Nanoparticle–biomolecule conjugate | null | null | null |
Nanoparticles have a much greater surface-to-volume ratio than bulk materials. The increased surface-to-volume ratio means surface atoms have a much greater effect on the chemical and physical properties of a nanoparticle. Surface atoms bind in the solid phase with less cohesive energy because they have fewer neighbori... | Wikipedia - Melting-point depression | null | null | null |
The cohesive energy of the nanoparticle has been theoretically calculated as a function of particle size according to Equation 1. E = E B ( 1 − d D ) {\displaystyle E=E_{B}(1-{\frac {d}{D}})} Where: D = nanoparticle size d = atomic size Eb = cohesive energy of bulkAs Equation 1 shows, the effective cohesive energy of a... | Wikipedia - Melting-point depression | null | null | null |
An atom experiences an attractive force with all nearby atoms according to the Lennard-Jones potential. The cohesive energy of an atom is directly related to the thermal energy required to free the atom from the solid. According to Lindemann's criterion, the melting temperature of a material is proportional to its cohe... | Wikipedia - Melting-point depression | null | null | null |
Since atoms near the surface have fewer bonds and reduced cohesive energy, they require less energy to free from the solid phase. Melting point depression of high surface-to-volume ratio materials results from this effect. | Wikipedia - Melting-point depression | null | null | null |
For the same reason, surfaces of nanomaterials can melt at lower temperatures than the bulk material.The theoretical size-dependent melting point of a material can be calculated through classical thermodynamic analysis. The result is the Gibbs–Thomson equation shown in Equation 2. T M ( d ) = T M B ( 1 − 4 σ s l H f ρ ... | Wikipedia - Melting-point depression | null | null | null |
Nanoparticles have the potential to greatly influence biological processes. The potency of a nanoparticle increases as its surface area-to-volume-ratio does. Attachments of ligands to the surface of nanoparticles allow them to interact with biomolecules. | Wikipedia - Nanoparticle–biomolecule conjugate | null | null | null |
Nanoparticles of certain materials can be created by "wet" chemical processes, in which solutions of suitable compounds are mixed or otherwise treated to form an insoluble precipitate of the desired material. The size of the particles of the latter is adjusted by choosing the concentration of the reagents and the tempe... | Wikipedia - Nanoparticle | null | null | null |
Electroless deposition processes can form colloid suspensions catalytic metal or metal oxide deposition. The suspension of nanoparticles that result from this process is an example of colloid. Typical instances of this method are the production of metal oxide or hydroxide nanoparticles by hydrolysis of metal alkoxides ... | Wikipedia - Nanoparticle | null | null | null |
Nanophotonics in the form of subwavelength near-field optical structures, either separate from the recording media, or integrated into the recording media, were used to achieve optical recording densities much higher than the diffraction limit allows. This work began in the 1980s at Polaroid Optical Engineering (Cambri... | Wikipedia - Nanophotonics | null | null | null |
Nanoporous materials are used in biological applications as well. Enzyme catalyzed reactions in biological applications are highly utilized for metabolism and processing large molecules. Nanoporous materials offer the opportunity to embed enzymes onto the porous substrate which enhances the lifetime of the reactions fo... | Wikipedia - Nanoporous materials | null | null | null |
By coating an inorganic nanoporous membrane on an insulating material, nanopores can be utilized for single-molecule analysis. By threading DNA through these nanopores, one can read out the ionic current through the pore which can be correlated to one of four nucleotides. == References == | Wikipedia - Nanoporous materials | null | null | null |
Nanorobots have the potential to transform drug delivery processes and biological computing. Llopis-Lorente and co. developed a nanorobot that can perform logic operations and process information on glucose and urea. | Wikipedia - Molecular logic gate | null | null | null |
Thubagere and coworkers designed a DNA molecular nanorobot capable of sorting chemical cargo. The system could work without additional power as the robot was capable of walking across the DNA origami surface on its two feet. It also had an arm to transport cargo. | Wikipedia - Molecular logic gate | null | null | null |
Molecular sequential logic is exemplified by Margulies et al., where they demonstrate a molecular keypad lock resembling the processing capabilities of an electronic security device which is equivalent to incorporates several interconnected AND logic gates in parallel. The molecule mimics an electronic keypad of an aut... | Wikipedia - Molecular logic gate | null | null | null |
The molecule was designed using pyrene and fluorescein fluorophores connected by a siderophore, which binds to Fe(III), and the acidic of the solution changes the fluorescence properties of the fluorescein fluorophore.Molecular logic gate systems can theoretically overcome the problems arising when semiconductors appro... | Wikipedia - Molecular logic gate | null | null | null |
Nanoscale allows for the preparation of quantum systems in physical states without classical analogs. There, complex out-of-equilibrium scenarios may be produced by the initial preparation of either the working substance or the reservoirs of quantum particles, the latter dubbed as "engineered reservoirs". There are dif... | Wikipedia - Quantum thermodynamics | null | null | null |
The latter are dubbed nonequilibrium incoherent reservoirs. Interesting phenomena may emerge from the use of engineered reservoirs such as efficiencies greater than the Otto limit, violations of Clausius inequalities, or simultaneous extraction of heat and work from the reservoirs. In general, the thermodynamics and ef... | Wikipedia - Quantum thermodynamics | null | null | null |
Nanoscale analysis of proteins using atomic force microscopy (AFM) requires surfaces with well-defined topologies and chemistries for many experimental techniques. Biomolecules, particularly proteins, can be immobilized simply on an unmodified substrate surface through hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions. However... | Wikipedia - Silanization of silicon and mica | null | null | null |
Chemical modification of surfaces provides the potential to precisely control the chemistry of the surface, and with the correct chemical modifications, there are several advantages to this approach. First, the proteins adsorbed on the surface are more stable over a wide range of conditions. The proteins also adopt a m... | Wikipedia - Silanization of silicon and mica | null | null | null |
Additionally, the higher density of protein deposition with greater reproducibility is possible. Chemical modification of surfaces has been successfully applied in several instances to immobilize proteins in order to obtain valuable information. For instance, atomic force microscopy imaging of DNA has been performed us... | Wikipedia - Silanization of silicon and mica | null | null | null |
The negatively charged DNA backbone bound strongly to the positive charges on the amine functionality, leading to stable structures that could be imaged both in air and in buffer. In a recent study by Behrens et al., amine-terminated silicon surfaces were successfully used to immobilize bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BM... | Wikipedia - Silanization of silicon and mica | null | null | null |
Nanoscience and nanotechnology have been emerging as a technology for the development of various hybrid and composite materials for biomedical applications. When nanomaterials are used for the development of the composites in biology, they are called bionanocomposites. Bionanocomposites have been used in tissue enginee... | Wikipedia - Amylopectin | null | null | null |
In conjunction with other nanomaterials like cellulose nanocrystals, nano-ZnO, nanoclay, biodegradable synthetic polymers, starch is one of the most popular materials for the preparation of bionanocomposites for various biomedical applications such as controlled drug release, scaffold for tissue engineering, and cement... | Wikipedia - Amylopectin | null | null | null |
Nanosys Quantum Dot Enhancement Film, or QDEF, is an optical film component for LED driven LCDs. Each sheet of QDEF contains trillions of tiny Quantum Dot Phosphors. QDEF enables LED-backlit LCDs to be brighter and more colorful by providing a high quality, tri-color white light from a standard blue LED light source. L... | Wikipedia - Nanosys | null | null | null |
Larger dots emit longer wavelengths (red), while smaller dots emit shorter wavelengths (green). Blending together a mix of dot colors allows Nanosys to precisely engineer a new spectrum of light to customer specifications.The Quantum Dots are tuned to create better color by changing their size during fabrication to emi... | Wikipedia - Nanosys | null | null | null |
Quantum dots can convert light to nearly any color in the visible spectrum, giving display designers the ability to tune and match the spectrum more accurately to color filters while improving energy efficiency. QDEF was announced on May 17, 2011 at the Society for Information Display (SID) Display Week tradeshow. It h... | Wikipedia - Nanosys | null | null | null |
Nanotechnology can improve the military’s ability to detect biological agents. By using nanotechnology, the military would be able to create sensor systems that could detect biological agents. The sensor systems are already well developed and will be one of the first forms of nanotechnology that the military will start... | Wikipedia - Industrial applications of nanotechnology | null | null | null |
Nanotechnology may be used as part of tissue engineering to help reproduce or repair or reshape damaged tissue using suitable nanomaterial-based scaffolds and growth factors. Tissue engineering if successful may replace conventional treatments like organ transplants or artificial implants. Nanoparticles such as graphen... | Wikipedia - Nanomedicine | null | null | null |
The addition of these nanoparticles in the polymer matrix at low concentrations (~0.2 weight %) leads to significant improvements in the compressive and flexural mechanical properties of polymeric nanocomposites. Potentially, these nanocomposites may be used as a novel, mechanically strong, light weight composite as bo... | Wikipedia - Nanomedicine | null | null | null |
Nanotechnology – Newton (unit) – the SI unit of force, which uses the symbol N. It is defined as 1 kg⋅m/s2, the force which gives a mass of 1 kilogram an acceleration of 1 metre per second per second. It is named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics, specifically Newton's second law of m... | Wikipedia - Glossary of mechanical engineering | null | null | null |
Nanotechnology – Normal stress – Nozzle – | Wikipedia - Index of mechanical engineering articles | null | null | null |
Nanotechnology — NASA — Navier–Stokes equations — Newton (unit) — Newton's laws of motion — Nose cone design — Nozzle — | Wikipedia - Index of aerospace engineering articles | null | null | null |
Nanotopography is readily applied to cell culture and has been shown to have a significant impact on cell behavior across different lineages. Substrate features in the nanoscale regime down to the order of 9 nm are able to retain some effect. Subjected solely to topographical cues, a wide variety of cells demonstrate r... | Wikipedia - Nanotopography | null | null | null |
Notable results include osteogenic induction in the absence of media components as well as near-total cell alignment as seen in smooth muscle. The potential of topographical cues to fulfill roles otherwise requiring xeno-based media components offers high translatability to clinical applications, as regulation and cost... | Wikipedia - Nanotopography | null | null | null |
Nanotubes can also be alkylated with alkyl halides using lithium or sodium metal and liquid ammonia (Birch reduction conditions). The initial nanotube salt can function as a polymerization initiator and can react with peroxides to form alkoxy functionalized nanotubes The alkyl and hydroxyl modification of carbon nanotu... | Wikipedia - Carbon nanotube chemistry | null | null | null |
Nanotubes reacted with the diazonium reagent can be converted back into pristine nanotubes when thermally treated at 300 °C in an atmosphere of inert gas. This cleaves the aryl hydroxyl moieties from the nanotube sidewall and restores the spectroscopic feature (Raman and absorption spectra) of pristine nanotube. | Wikipedia - Selective chemistry of single-walled nanotubes | null | null | null |
Nanowires are artificial nano- or micro-sized “needles” that can provide high-fidelity electrophysiological recordings if used as microscopic electrodes for neuronal recordings. Nanowires are an attractive as they are highly functional structures that offer unique electronic properties that are affected by biological/c... | Wikipedia - Nanoneuroscience | null | null | null |
Nanowires are also able to act as non-invasive and highly local probes. These versatility of nanowires makes it optimal for interfacing with neurons due to the fact that the contact length along the axon (or the dendrite projection crossing a nanowires) is just about 20 nm. == References == | Wikipedia - Nanoneuroscience | null | null | null |
Nanyang Polytechnic, Ang Mo Kio, Singapore | Wikipedia - Engineering informatics | null | null | null |
Naphthalene is a precursor in the production of phthalic anhydride. This application has been displaced by alternative technologies. | Wikipedia - Naphthalene poisoning | null | null | null |
Naproxen has been industrially produced by Syntex starting from 2-naphthol as follows: | Wikipedia - Naproxen sodium | null | null | null |
Naproxen is a member of the 2-arylpropionic acid (profen) family of NSAIDs. The free acid is an odorless, white to off-white crystalline substance. It is lipid-soluble and practically insoluble in water. It has a melting point of 152–155 °C. | Wikipedia - Naproxen sodium | null | null | null |
Narcissistic mortification can be: Internal - occurs when an individual is overstimulated by their emotions. For example, while debating with classmates on the importance of stem cell research an outspoken student loses his temper causing an uproar. The student has just exhibited an overstimulation of his emotions and ... | Wikipedia - Narcissistic mortification | null | null | null |
Narcissists focus on themselves and often distance themselves from intimate relationships; the focus of narcissistic interpersonal relationships is to promote one's self-concept. Generally, narcissists show less empathy in relationships and view love pragmatically or as a game involving others' emotions.Narcissists are... | Wikipedia - Interpersonal relationship | null | null | null |
Nardoqan or Narduğan was celebrated by Turks on December 21, the longest night of the year and the night of the winter solstice. On this night, symbolizing old sun, becomes smaller as the days become shorter in the Northern Hemisphere, and dies on December 22, the winter solstice. It is said to be defeated by the dark ... | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
While some scholars trace the origins of the Christmas tree to pagan rituals in pre-Christian Britain, others suggest the tradition was borrowed from ancient Germanic peoples. However, Turkish archaeologist Muazzez Ilmiye Çığ advocates the idea that the Turks were the ones who invented the Christmas tree. The Christmas... | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
According to this theory, its origins are not in Norse myth or British isle paganism, as most Western historians believe, but in the Turkic tradition of the “wish-making tree.” But not all Turkish scholars agree, saying the notion that the Turks invented the Christmas tree is simply wishful thinking. Europeans, Muazzez... | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
“They also tied some pieces of cloth to its boughs to make a wish for the following year.” “Adorning the tree is a small part of a festivity that is linked with the holiness of the sun for Turks,” Çığ said. “It unites family members in enjoyable activities. They clean homes, sing folk songs, eat special foods and put o... | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
His mission is to arrange the arrival of days and nights. Day and Night are continually quarrelling about who will be the first to come. Day, however, finally defeated the Night on Dec. | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
22. Thereafter, the Turks celebrated this day as a festival of rebirth. “According to some historical sources, the white pine is planted only in Central Asia, and Palestinians did not know anything about that pine,” she said. | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
“It is another indication that the Christians received this custom from the Turks, although Jesus’ religion emerged from the Middle East.” “When the first Christian Council gathered in Nicaea (now Iznik, Turkey), all bishops accepted this festivity as a symbol for the birth of Jesus, although it was commonly seen as a ... | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
Thus, the custom began to integrate into the culture of Christianity.” In A.D. 325, the great Council of Nicaea was called by Constantine the Great, who had converted to Christianity a decade earlier. It was the first worldwide council of the church that is recognized by most Christian denominations as having doctrinal... | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
“At first, the birth of Jesus was celebrated without decorating a Christmas tree. Through the increasing influence of Turkish-origin festivities across Europe, however, the first Christmas tree in the traditional sense was adorned in Germany in 1605. Similar practices were later seen in France. | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
This practice gradually spread throughout the world from France,” she said, claiming it was Hunnish warriors who originally brought this custom into Europe. A prominent writer strongly backed Çığ's claim that decorating Christmas trees came from an old Turkish custom. “Turkic tribes had been immigrating to Europe from ... | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
They gradually became a dominant culture in Europe. While Christianity spread in Europe, the traditional patterns of Turkish culture influenced Christian culture,” said İbrahim Okur, who is known for his book, “Turks and Europe throughout History.” “Çığ has actually sent a message to Europe to suggest how much Turks in... | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
“It is impossible to know when or if Turkic tribes first erected a tree for celebration. But if science proves her claim, we should review all we know about Christianity,” said Altunç Altındal. “Acceptable historical sources say that erecting a Christmas tree is a Nordic custom dating back to the 19th century,” he said... | Wikipedia - Nardoqan | null | null | null |
Narinder Singh Kapany – Former IOFS officer. Invented fibre optics that revolutionised laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery, telecommunications, power transmission, etc. Named as one of the seven "Unsung Heroes of the 20th century" by Fortune magazine for his Nobel Prize-deserving invention. Known as the "Father of Fibr... | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
Had more than 150 patents to his credit. Conferred upon with Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest honour in India, Pravasi Bharatiya Samman, Fellowship of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng). He was also offered the post of Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister of India by the first Prime Minister of India, Ja... | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
Nalini Ranjan Mohanty - Former IOFS officer. Secured All India 2nd Rank in the Engineering Services Examination of 1965, served as the Chairman & Managing Director of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Director of Kudremukh Iron Ore Company, Mahanadi Coalfields, National Aluminium Company (NALCO), Bharat Earth Movers (BEML... | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
Rajendra K. Pachauri - former IRSME officer; chair of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change when the organisation received the Nobel Prize in 2007; director general of the Energy and Resources Institute; received Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan from the government of India, the Order of the White Rose of Finland ... | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
Author, mountaineer, social worker. Founder & Chairman of Indian Spinal Injuries Centre. Conferred on with the Arjuna Award, Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan by the Government of India, Fellowship of Royal Geographical Society (FRGS). | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
Also served as a Commissioned officer in the Indian Army and Member of Planning Commission (India). Santu Shahaney - IOFS. Served as the first Indian Director General Ordnance Factories (DGOF). | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
He was awarded Padma Shri in 1962, and Padma Bhushan in 1965, by the Government of India, in the Civil Service category, for his contributions during the Indo-China War of 1962 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, respectively. R. M. Muzumdar - IOFS. Second Indian Director General of the Indian Ordnance Factories. | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India, in 1973, in the Civil service category, for his contributions during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan - IOFS officer. Developed the solid propellant for India's first space rocket launched from Thumba, and the detonation system of I... | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
Served at the Ammunition Factory Khadki, and as the first Director of High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) and the Armaments Research and Development Establishment (ARDE) of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Awarded Padma Shri in 1974. | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
H.G.S. Murthy - IOFS. Known as one of the "Seven Pioneers of the Indian Space Programme". | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
He served at the Machine Tool Prototype Factory (MTPF), Ambernath, and as the first Director of the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), and the Space Science & Technology Centre, now known as the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Awarded Padma Shri in 1969. ... | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
Received Padma Shri in 1967, for his contributions during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, as the General Manager of Rifle Factory Ishapore, that developed and manufactured the 7.62 Self-Loading Automatic Rifle, that played decisive role in India's victory in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. O. P. Bahl, an IOFS officer. ... | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
Ashwani Lohani - IRSME officer; chairman of Indian Railways and former chairman and managing director of Air India. Holds a Limca record for having four engineering degree equivalents (mechanical, electrical and metallurgical engineering and electronics and telecommunications engineering from the Institution of Enginee... | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
Founding Director of C-DOT; received Padma Shri in 1998. Satyendra Dubey - Whistleblower against corruption; project director of the National Highways Authority of India's (NHAI) Golden Quadrilateral project at Koderma. After his assassination, the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011 was passed. | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
E. Sreedharan - Former IRSE officer, chairman and managing director of Konkan Railway, Cochin Shipyard and the Delhi Metro. Retired member of the Railway Board. Received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from India, the Order of the Rising Sun (Gold and Silver Star) from Japan and the Legion of Honour from France. | Wikipedia - Engineering Services Examination | null | null | null |
Narratives featuring heroes include: Stories from the Epic of Gilgamesh, such as Gilgamesh and Huwawa, Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven, Gilgamesh and Aga, Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Netherworld, and The Death of Gilgamesh. Enmerkar and Lugalbanda: Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta and Enmerkar and En-suhgir-ana as well a... | Wikipedia - Sumerian poetry | null | null | null |
Narrowing allows the elimination of values that do not satisfy a variable's constraints. Considered as the basis for an algorithm for solving equations, this narrowing gives a set of values consistent with the constraints on a variable. However in mathematics there is no way to access this set of values. If E ( x ) {\d... | Wikipedia - Narrowing of algebraic value sets | null | null | null |
Narrowing is a mechanism whereby a variable is bound to a value selected from among alternatives imposed by constraints. Each possible value is tried in some order, with the remainder of the program invoked in each case to determine the validity of the binding. Narrowing is an extension of logic programming, in that it... | Wikipedia - Curry (programming language) | null | null | null |
The Curry examples of the previous section illustrate this. As noted in the prior section, narrowing can be thought of as reduction on a program term graph, and there are often many different ways (strategies) to reduce a given term graph. Antoy et al. proved in the 1990s that a particular narrowing strategy, needed na... | Wikipedia - Curry (programming language) | null | null | null |
Nash and Rassias write in the preface of the book that the open problems presented “were chosen for a variety of reasons. Some were chosen for their undoubtable importance and applicability, others because they constitute intriguing curiosities which remain unexplained mysteries on the basis of current knowledge and te... | Wikipedia - Open Problems in Mathematics | null | null | null |
Nash equilibrium is the most commonly-used notion of equilibrium in game theory. However Nash equilibrium does not deal with faulty or unexpected behavior. A protocol that reaches Nash equilibrium is guaranteed to execute correctly in the face of rational agents, with no agent being able to improve its utility by devia... | Wikipedia - Distributed algorithmic mechanism design | null | null | null |
Nasir al-Din Tusi was a supporter of Avicennian logic, and wrote the following commentary on Avicenna's theory of absolute propositions: "What spurred him to this was that in the assertoric syllogistic Aristotle and others sometimes used contradictories of absolute propositions on the assumption that they are absolute;... | Wikipedia - Nasir al-Din al-Tusi | null | null | null |
Natal birth charts, or zodiac signs, are often used to predict a person's personality traits. However, the use of natal birth charts to predict personality is not valid or reliable. In a double-blind study that tested the zodiac's reliability to predict personality, an astrologer had to match a person's zodiac sign to ... | Wikipedia - Descendant (astrology) | null | null | null |
It was found that the astrologers were not able to correctly match the zodiac sign to the CPI result beyond random assignment. This means that astrology is no more than a test of chance and it is not a reliable way to predict personality. Similarly, the zodiac sign can be used to create horoscopes that predict the even... | Wikipedia - Descendant (astrology) | null | null | null |
However, like using the zodiac sign for personality traits, using it for horoscopes is also unreliable. One astrologer's prediction for a horoscope is typically completely unrelated to the prediction of another astrologer. However, many people still believe their horoscope perfectly aligns with the events in their live... | Wikipedia - Descendant (astrology) | null | null | null |
There are some possible explanations for this. Horoscopes have vague wording and are based on typical everyday activities. | Wikipedia - Descendant (astrology) | null | null | null |
Due to this, it is easier for people to relate to these claims and increase their belief that it is a real science. Also, a person's expectations typically lead them to bias the way they perceive information, so their expectations are confirmed. In a study, participant's horoscopes were paired with the events of their ... | Wikipedia - Descendant (astrology) | null | null | null |
When the horoscopes were presented with the participant's zodiac sign, other participants were more likely to report that the horoscope matched the previous day's events compared to when their zodiac sign was not present. This shows how individuals will bias their perceptions based on the expectations. This makes horos... | Wikipedia - Descendant (astrology) | null | null | null |
Natalizumab is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that inhibits the alpha 4 integrin. It was the first integrin receptor antagonist, receiving FDA approval in 2004 for the treatment of Crohn's disease. It was approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis as well, but there have been concerns due to reports of prog... | Wikipedia - Biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease | null | null | null |
Natalizumab is an anti-integrin monoclonal antibody that has shown utility as induction and maintenance treatment for moderate to severe Crohn's disease. Natalizumab may be appropriate in patients who do not respond to medications that block tumor necrosis factor-alpha, such as infliximab.In January 2008, the FDA appro... | Wikipedia - Management of Crohn's disease | null | null | null |
Natamycin is produced as a secondary metabolite by some Streptomyces species: S. natalensis, S. lydicus, S. chattanoogensis and S. gilvosporeus. Structurally, its core is a macrolide containing a polyene segment, with carboxylic acid and mycosamine groups attached. As with other polyene antimycotics, the biosynthesis b... | Wikipedia - Natamycin | null | null | null |
Natan Slifkin, in his work The Challenge of Creation, condemns the intelligent design community as presenting a theologically problematic perspective of God, and which, is thus, surreptitiously very dangerous to religion. Those who promote it as parallel to religion, he asserts, do not truly understand it. Slifkin crit... | Wikipedia - Jewish reactions to intelligent design | null | null | null |
There is a risk in undertaking such a project, of course, as the theistic evolutionists constantly remind us by referring to the need to avoid resorting to a "God of the gaps." If the naturalistic understanding of reality is truly correct and complete, then God will have to retreat out of the cosmos altogether. I do no... | Wikipedia - Jewish reactions to intelligent design | null | null | null |
Slifkin challenges Johnson's statement that "God will have to retreat out of the cosmos," because he asserts that a "complete explanation of the celestial bodies by astronomy, or an explanation of the formation of the mountains by geology, or of rain via meteorology, does not paint God out of the picture, but instead m... | Wikipedia - Jewish reactions to intelligent design | null | null | null |
National Academy of EngineeringOnline Ethics Center of the National Academy of Engineering Archived 2018-02-01 at the Wayback MachineList of links to various professional and scientific societies' codes of ethicsOnlineethics.orgNational Institute for Engineering Ethics (NIEE) National Society of Professional Engineers ... | Wikipedia - Engineering ethics | null | null | null |
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), United States National Library of Medicine National Institute of Genetics (DNA Data Bank of Japan) Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB: Expasy) Australia Bioinformatics Resource BIG Data Center (National Genomics Data Center), Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chine... | Wikipedia - Macromolecular Structure Database | null | null | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.