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{\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}\to x{\text{ in }}(X,\sigma ).} Consequently, σ = τ {\displaystyle \sigma =\tau } if and only if for every filter B on X {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}{\text{ on }}X} and every x ∈ X , B → x in ( X , σ ) {\displaystyle x\in X,{\mathcal {B}}\to x{\text{ in }}(X,\sigma )} if and only if B → x ... | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
However, it is possible that σ ≠ τ {\displaystyle \sigma \neq \tau } while also for every filter B on X , B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}{\text{ on }}X,{\mathcal {B}}} converges to some point of X in ( X , σ ) {\displaystyle X{\text{ in }}(X,\sigma )} if and only if B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} converges to some po... | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle \operatorname {cl} _{X}S.} If x ∈ X and S ⊆ X {\displaystyle x\in X{\text{ and }}S\subseteq X} is a non-empty subset, then the following are equivalent: x ∈ cl X S {\displaystyle x\in \operatorname {cl} _{X}S} x {\displaystyle x} is a limit point of a prefilter on S . {\displaystyle S.} | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
Explicitly: there exists a prefilter F ⊆ ℘ ( S ) on S {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}\subseteq \wp (S){\text{ on }}S} such that F → x in X . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}\to x{\text{ in }}X.} x {\displaystyle x} is a limit point of a filter on S . | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle S.} There exists a prefilter F on X {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}{\text{ on }}X} such that S ∈ F and F → x in X . {\displaystyle S\in {\mathcal {F}}{\text{ and }}{\mathcal {F}}\to x{\text{ in }}X.} | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
The prefilter { S } {\displaystyle \{S\}} meshes with the neighborhood filter N ( x ) . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}(x).} Said differently, x {\displaystyle x} is a cluster point of the prefilter { S } . | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle \{S\}.} The prefilter { S } {\displaystyle \{S\}} meshes with some (or equivalently, with every) filter base for N ( x ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}(x)} (that is, with every neighborhood basis at x {\displaystyle x} ). The following are equivalent: x {\displaystyle x} is a limit points of S in X . | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle S{\text{ in }}X.} There exists a prefilter F ⊆ ℘ ( S ) on { S } ∖ { x } {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}\subseteq \wp (S){\text{ on }}\{S\}\setminus \{x\}} such that F → x in X . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}\to x{\text{ in }}X.} | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
Closed sets If S ⊆ X {\displaystyle S\subseteq X} is not empty then the following are equivalent: S {\displaystyle S} is a closed subset of X . {\displaystyle X.} If x ∈ X and F ⊆ ℘ ( S ) {\displaystyle x\in X{\text{ and }}{\mathcal {F}}\subseteq \wp (S)} is a prefilter on S {\displaystyle S} such that F → x in X , {\d... | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle x\in S.} If x ∈ X and F ⊆ ℘ ( S ) {\displaystyle x\in X{\text{ and }}{\mathcal {F}}\subseteq \wp (S)} is a prefilter on S {\displaystyle S} such that x {\displaystyle x} is an accumulation points of F in X , {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}{\text{ in }}X,} then x ∈ S . {\displaystyle x\in S.} | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
If x ∈ X {\displaystyle x\in X} is such that the neighborhood filter N ( x ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}(x)} meshes with { S } {\displaystyle \{S\}} then x ∈ S . {\displaystyle x\in S.} Hausdorffness The following are equivalent: X {\displaystyle X} is a Hausdorff space. | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
Every prefilter on X {\displaystyle X} converges to at most one point in X . {\displaystyle X.} | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
The above statement but with the word "prefilter" replaced by any one of the following: filter, ultra prefilter, ultrafilter. Compactness As discussed in this article, the Ultrafilter Lemma is closely related to many important theorems involving compactness. | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
The following are equivalent: ( X , τ ) {\displaystyle (X,\tau )} is a compact space. Every ultrafilter on X {\displaystyle X} converges to at least one point in X . | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle X.} That this condition implies compactness can be proven by using only the ultrafilter lemma. That compactness implies this condition can be proven without the ultrafilter lemma (or even the axiom of choice).The above statement but with the word "ultrafilter" replaced by "ultra prefilter". | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
For every filter C on X {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}{\text{ on }}X} there exists a filter F on X {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}{\text{ on }}X} such that C ≤ F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}\leq {\mathcal {F}}} and F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} converges to some point of X . {\displaystyle X.} The above statement but ... | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
Every filter on X {\displaystyle X} has at least one cluster point in X . {\displaystyle X.} That this condition is equivalent to compactness can be proven by using only the ultrafilter lemma.The above statement but with the word "filter" replaced by "prefilter". | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
Alexander subbase theorem: There exists a subbase S for τ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}{\text{ for }}\tau } such that every cover of X {\displaystyle X} by sets in S {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}} has a finite subcover. That this condition is equivalent to compactness can be proven by using only the ultrafilter lemma.I... | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
Continuity Let f: X → Y {\displaystyle f:X\to Y} is a map between topological spaces ( X , τ ) and ( Y , υ ) . {\displaystyle (X,\tau ){\text{ and }}(Y,\upsilon ).} Given x ∈ X , {\displaystyle x\in X,} the following are equivalent: f: X → Y {\displaystyle f:X\to Y} is continuous at x . | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle x.} Definition: For every neighborhood V {\displaystyle V} of f ( x ) in Y {\displaystyle f(x){\text{ in }}Y} there exists some neighborhood N {\displaystyle N} of x in X {\displaystyle x{\text{ in }}X} such that f ( N ) ⊆ V . {\displaystyle f(N)\subseteq V.} | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
f ( N ( x ) ) → f ( x ) in Y . {\displaystyle f({\mathcal {N}}(x))\to f(x){\text{ in }}Y.} If B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} is a filter on X {\displaystyle X} such that B → x in X {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}\to x{\text{ in }}X} then f ( B ) → f ( x ) in Y . | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle f({\mathcal {B}})\to f(x){\text{ in }}Y.} The above statement but with the word "filter" replaced by "prefilter". The following are equivalent: f: X → Y {\displaystyle f:X\to Y} is continuous. | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
If x ∈ X and B {\displaystyle x\in X{\text{ and }}{\mathcal {B}}} is a prefilter on X {\displaystyle X} such that B → x in X {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}\to x{\text{ in }}X} then f ( B ) → f ( x ) in Y . {\displaystyle f({\mathcal {B}})\to f(x){\text{ in }}Y.} If x ∈ X {\displaystyle x\in X} is a limit point of a pref... | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle f({\mathcal {B}}){\text{ in }}Y.} Any one of the above two statements but with the word "prefilter" replaced by "filter". If B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} is a prefilter on X , x ∈ X {\displaystyle X,x\in X} is a cluster point of B , and f: X → Y {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}},{\text{ and }}f:X\to Y} i... | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle f({\mathcal {B}}).} A subset D {\displaystyle D} of a topological space X {\displaystyle X} is dense in X {\displaystyle X} if and only if for every x ∈ X , {\displaystyle x\in X,} the trace N X ( x ) | D {\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}_{X}(x){\big \vert }_{D}} of the neighborhood filter N X ( x ) {\displa... | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
{\displaystyle X.} Then f {\displaystyle f} has a continuous extension F: X → Y {\displaystyle F:X\to Y} if and only if for every x ∈ X , {\displaystyle x\in X,} the prefilter f ( N X ( x ) | D ) {\displaystyle f\left({\mathcal {N}}_{X}(x){\big \vert }_{D}\right)} converges to some point in Y . {\displaystyle Y.} | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
Furthermore, this continuous extension will be unique whenever it exists.Products Suppose X ∙ := ( X i ) i ∈ I {\displaystyle X_{\bullet }:=\left(X_{i}\right)_{i\in I}} is a non–empty family of non–empty topological spaces and that is a family of prefilters where each B i {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}_{i}} is a prefilt... | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
If x ∙ := ( x i ) i ∈ I ∈ ∏ X ∙ , {\displaystyle x_{\bullet }:=\left(x_{i}\right)_{i\in I}\in {\textstyle \prod }X_{\bullet },} then B ∙ → x ∙ in ∏ X ∙ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}_{\bullet }\to x_{\bullet }{\text{ in }}{\textstyle \prod }X_{\bullet }} if and only if B i → x i in X i for every i ∈ I . {\displaystyle {... | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
Then ( x , y ) {\displaystyle (x,y)} is a cluster point of B × C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}\times {\mathcal {C}}} in the product space X × Y . {\displaystyle X\times Y.} However, if X = Y = Q {\displaystyle X=Y=\mathbb {Q} } then there exist sequences ( x i ) i = 1 ∞ ⊆ X and ( y i ) i = 1 ∞ ⊆ Y {\displaystyle \left(... | Wikipedia - Filter (topology) | null | null | null |
Neil Houston played a key role during the initial development of the sensor technology at University of Saskatchewan, and Canadian Curling Association (CCA) became the first adopter of the technology.After testing at Sutherland Curling Club, the sensor handle finally made its high-profile debut at 2003 Continental Cup ... | Wikipedia - Eye on the Hog | null | null | null |
Neil deGrasse Tyson's Astrophysics for People in a Hurry is a popular introduction to the main concepts and issues of modern astrophysics. The author explains the origin and structure of the Universe, the force of gravity, light, dark matter and dark energy, about our place in the Cosmos and how we try to understand it... | Wikipedia - Astrophysics for People in a Hurry | null | null | null |
Neisseria species are fastidious, Gram-negative cocci that require nutrient supplementation to grow in laboratory cultures. Neisseria spp. are facultatively intracellular and typically appear in pairs (diplococci), resembling the shape of coffee beans. | Wikipedia - Neisseria gonorrhoeae | null | null | null |
Neisseria is non-spore-forming, capable of moving using twitching motility, and an obligate aerobe (requires oxygen to grow). Of the 11 species of Neisseria that colonize humans, only two are pathogens. N. gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea and N. meningitidis is one cause of bacterial meningitis. | Wikipedia - Neisseria gonorrhoeae | null | null | null |
Neither age classification nor seedling description code indicate the physiological condition of planting stock, though rigid adherence to a given cultural regime together with observation of performance over a number of years of planting can produce stock suitable for performing on a "same again" basis. | Wikipedia - Plant nursery | null | null | null |
Neither the XNA nor the unnatural bases are recognized by natural polymerases. One of the major challenges is to find or create novel types of polymerases that will be able to replicate these new-to-nature constructs. In one case a modified variant of the HIV-reverse transcriptase was found to be able to PCR-amplify an... | Wikipedia - Xenobiology | null | null | null |
Nellie Liang, Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance reported to the Senate banking committee that the rapid growth of the stablecoin market capitalization and its potential for financial services innovation require urgent congressional regulation. | Wikipedia - Stablecoin | null | null | null |
Nelson believed the power of "technological paradigms" varied greatly across fields of practice, in the sense that in certain field's progress has been much more rapid than in others where comparable resources have been applied to the effort. He proposed that one important factor in this is the extent to which the tech... | Wikipedia - Technological paradigm | null | null | null |
Nelumbo nucifera contains some thermal-stable proteins that might be useful in protein bio engineering processes. The proteins are characterized by seed longevity used for cell protection and repair under stress. There are also several indications that compounds of N. nucifera are used in drug fabrication in human heal... | Wikipedia - Lotus Flower | null | null | null |
Nematodes that survive below 0 °C include Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Panagrolaimus davidi. Cockroach nymphs (Periplaneta japonica) survive short periods of freezing at -6 to -8 °C. The red flat bark beetle (Cucujus clavipes) can survive after being frozen to -150 °C. | Wikipedia - Cryobiology | null | null | null |
The fungus gnat Exechia nugatoria can survive after being frozen to -50 °C, by a unique mechanism whereby ice crystals form in the body but not the head. Another freeze-tolerant beetle is Upis ceramboides. See insect winter ecology and antifreeze protein. Another invertebrate that is briefly tolerant to temperatures do... | Wikipedia - Cryobiology | null | null | null |
Nematomorphs possess an external cuticle without cilia. Internally, they have only longitudinal muscle and a non-functional gut, with no excretory, respiratory or circulatory systems. The nervous system consists of a nerve ring near the anterior end of the animal, and a ventral nerve cord running along the body.Reprodu... | Wikipedia - Nematomorpha | null | null | null |
The larvae have rings of cuticular hooks and terminal stylets that are believed to be used to enter the hosts. Once inside the host, the larvae live inside the haemocoel and absorb nutrients directly through their skin. Development into the adult form takes weeks or months, and the larva moults several times as it grow... | Wikipedia - Nematomorpha | null | null | null |
In Spinochordodes tellinii and Paragordius tricuspidatus, which have grasshoppers and crickets as their hosts, the infection acts on the infected host's brain. This causes the host insect to seek water and drown itself, thus returning the nematomorph to water. P. tricuspidatus is also remarkably able to survive the pre... | Wikipedia - Nematomorpha | null | null | null |
The nematomorpha parasite affects host Hierodula patellifera's light-interpreting organs so the host is attracted to horizontally polarized light. Thus the host goes into water and the parasite's lifecycle completes.There are a few cases of accidental parasitism in vertebrate hosts, including dogs and humans. Several c... | Wikipedia - Nematomorpha | null | null | null |
Nengo differs primarily from other modelling software in the way it models connections between neurons and their strengths. Using the NEF, Nengo allows defining connection weights between populations of spiking neurons by specifying the function to be computed, instead of forcing the weights to be set manually, or use ... | Wikipedia - Neural Engineering Object | null | null | null |
Nengo is built upon two theoretic underpinnings, the Neural Engineering Framework (NEF) and the Semantic Pointer Architecture (SPA). | Wikipedia - Neural Engineering Object | null | null | null |
Neo-Confucianism New Confucianism | Wikipedia - Ideological politics | null | null | null |
Neo-logicism describes a range of views considered by their proponents to be successors of the original logicist program. More narrowly, neo-logicism may be seen as the attempt to salvage some or all elements of Frege's programme through the use of a modified version of Frege's system in the Grundgesetze (which may be ... | Wikipedia - Logicism | null | null | null |
This kind of neo-logicism is often referred to as neo-Fregeanism. Proponents of neo-Fregeanism include Crispin Wright and Bob Hale, sometimes also called the Scottish School or abstractionist Platonism, who espouse a form of epistemic foundationalism.Other major proponents of neo-logicism include Bernard Linsky and Edw... | Wikipedia - Logicism | null | null | null |
In this kind of amendment to the Grundgesetze, BLV remains intact, save for a restriction to stratifiable formulae in the manner of Quine's NF and related systems. Essentially all of the Grundgesetze then 'goes through'. The resulting system has the same consistency strength as Jensen's NFU + Rosser's Axiom of Counting... | Wikipedia - Logicism | null | null | null |
Neo-orthodoxy, in Europe also known as theology of crisis and dialectical theology, is an approach to theology in Protestantism that was developed in the aftermath of the First World War (1914–1918). It is characterized as a reaction against doctrines of 19th-century liberal theology and a more positive reevaluation of... | Wikipedia - Hegel's dialectic | null | null | null |
For Barth this meant that only through God's 'no' to everything human can his 'yes' be perceived. Applied to traditional themes of Protestant theology, such as double predestination, this means that election and reprobation cannot be viewed as a quantitative limitation of God's action. | Wikipedia - Hegel's dialectic | null | null | null |
Rather it must be seen as its "qualitative definition". As Christ bore the rejection as well as the election of God for all humanity, every person is subject to both aspects of God's double predestination. | Wikipedia - Hegel's dialectic | null | null | null |
Dialectic prominently figured in Bernard Lonergan's philosophy, in his books Insight and Method in Theology. Michael Shute wrote about Lonergan's use of dialectic in The Origins of Lonergan's Notion of the Dialectic of History. For Lonergan, dialectic is both individual and operative in community. | Wikipedia - Hegel's dialectic | null | null | null |
Simply described, it is a dynamic process that results in something new: For the sake of greater precision, let us say that a dialectic is a concrete unfolding of linked but opposed principles of change. Thus there will be a dialectic if (1) there is an aggregate of events of a determinate character, (2) the events may... | Wikipedia - Hegel's dialectic | null | null | null |
Neoclassical economics offers an approach to study the economic behavior of homo-economicus. This theory is based on methodological individualism and adopts an atomistic approach to social phenomena, according to which social atoms are the individuals and their actions. According to this doctrine, individuals are indep... | Wikipedia - Neoclassical economics | null | null | null |
Although methodological individualism does not negate complex social phenomena such as institutions or behavioral rules, it argues any explanation should be based on constituent components' characteristics of those institutions. This is a reductionist approach based on which it is believed that the characteristics of t... | Wikipedia - Neoclassical economics | null | null | null |
According to social constructivists, systems are co-constituted alongside the actors, and ideas within the system define actors' identities, their interests, and thus their behavior. In this regard, actors in various circumstances (exposed to different impressions and experiences) will construct their interests and pre... | Wikipedia - Neoclassical economics | null | null | null |
Neomycin resistance is conferred by either one of two kanamycin kinase genes. Genes conferring neomycin-resistance are commonly included in DNA plasmids used to establish stable mammalian cell lines expressing cloned proteins in culture. Many commercially available protein expression plasmids contain a neo-resistance g... | Wikipedia - Neomycin | null | null | null |
Neomycin's antibacterial activity stems from its binding to the 30S subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome, where it inhibits prokaryotic translation of mRNA.Neomycin also exhibits a high binding affinity for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid component of cell membranes. | Wikipedia - Neomycin sulfate | null | null | null |
Neon flying squid are highly migratory. They have a lifespan of about one year, during which they complete a cyclical migration between their feeding and spawning grounds. Mating occurs when males (who usually achieve sexual maturity earlier in the season) pass spermatophores to the females. The female squid store them... | Wikipedia - Neon flying squid | null | null | null |
Spawning is continuous and not seasonal, occurring virtually throughout the year in intermittent spawning events. Each female spawns approximately 350,000 to 3.6 million eggs, depending on their size. | Wikipedia - Neon flying squid | null | null | null |
Males and females are both presumed to die soon after.Hatchlings are around 1 mm (0.039 in) long and grow rapidly, reaching a length of 7 mm (0.28 in) after a month. The paralarvae migrate northwards toward the waters bordering subarctic regions during summer and autumn. They are usually found feeding at a depth of 25 ... | Wikipedia - Neon flying squid | null | null | null |
Neon flying squid eat small oceanic fishes (like lanternfishes and saury) and other squids. They are known to engage in cannibalism to smaller members of their own species as well. They serve as prey to large fishes (like swordfish, marlin, and tuna), sharks, and marine mammals. They are also fished commercially for hu... | Wikipedia - Neon flying squid | null | null | null |
Neon is the first p-block noble gas, and the first element with a true octet of electrons. It is inert: as is the case with its lighter analogue, helium, no strongly bound neutral molecules containing neon have been identified. The ions +, +, and + have been observed from optical and mass spectrometric studies. Solid n... | Wikipedia - Liquid neon | null | null | null |
Ne atoms are not bonded to water and can freely move through this material. They can be extracted by placing the clathrate into a vacuum chamber for several days, yielding ice XVI, the least dense crystalline form of water.The familiar Pauling electronegativity scale relies upon chemical bond energies, but such values ... | Wikipedia - Liquid neon | null | null | null |
Neon lamps with several shaped electrodes were used as alphanumerical displays known as Nixie tubes. These have since been replaced by other display devices such as light emitting diodes, vacuum fluorescent displays, and liquid crystal displays. Since at least the 1940s, argon, neon, and phosphored glow thyratron latch... | Wikipedia - Neon lamps | null | null | null |
Neoprene is used as a component of elastomeric bridge bearings, to support heavy loads while permitting small horizontal movements. | Wikipedia - Chloroprene rubber | null | null | null |
Neopythagorians such as Apollonius of Tyana centered their cosmologies on the Monad or One. Stoics taught that there is only one substance, identified as God. Middle Platonism under such works as those by Numenius taught that the Universe emanates from the Monad or One. | Wikipedia - Monism | null | null | null |
Neoplatonism is monistic. Plotinus taught that there was an ineffable transcendent god, 'The One,' of which subsequent realities were emanations. From The One emanates the Divine Mind (Nous), the Cosmic Soul (Psyche), and the World (Cosmos). | Wikipedia - Monism | null | null | null |
Neotame NMR spectroscopy identifies its structure with a peak at 0.84 ppm indicating the three methyl groups on the carbon chain bonded to the nitrogen. | Wikipedia - Neotame | null | null | null |
Neotame has similar stability as aspartame, but has greater stability especially in heated and dairy foods. Increased temperature, moisture or pH increase losses, and are the main relevant properties of a food when considering the stability of neotame. For example, about 90% of original neotame remains after 8 weeks of... | Wikipedia - Neotame | null | null | null |
This increases its heat stability.Over 1000 g of neotame dissolves in 1 kg of ethanol at 15 °C. At 15 °C the solubility of neotame is 10.6 g/kg in water and 43.6 g/kg in ethyl acetate. At 25 °C the solubilities are 12.6 g/kg and 77.0 g/kg, respectively. | Wikipedia - Neotame | null | null | null |
At 40 °C the solubilities are 18.0 g/kg and 238 g/kg, respectively. At 50 °C the solubilities are 25.2 g/kg and 872 g/kg, respectively. Neotame is acidic and its 0.5 wt% solution has a pH of 5.80. | Wikipedia - Neotame | null | null | null |
Neotame is formally a secondary amine of 3,3-dimethylbutanal and aspartame. The latter is a dipeptide of phenylalanine and aspartic acid. Neotame has 2 stereocenters and 4 stereoisomers. Sweetness is due to the (2S),(3S)-stereoisomer. | Wikipedia - Neotame | null | null | null |
Neotame is synthesized from aspartame through a reductive alkylation with 3,3-dimethyl-butylaldehyde in a palladium catalyst with methanol. The stereochemistry of aspartame is conserved during the synthesis and therefore, neotame and aspartame have the same stereochemistry. (2S),(3S)-stereoisomer of aspartame is needed... | Wikipedia - Neotame | null | null | null |
Nephrolithiasis, obstructive uropathy, and fistulization of the urinary tract directly result from the underlying disease process. Nephrolithiasis is due to calcium oxalate or uric acid stones. Calcium oxalate is due to hyperoxaluria typically associated with either distal ileal CD or ileal resection. Oxalate absorptio... | Wikipedia - Crohn's colitis | null | null | null |
The fatty acids compete with oxalate to bind calcium, displacing the oxalate, which can then be absorbed as unbound sodium oxalate across colonocytes and excreted into the urine. Because sodium oxalate only is absorbed in the colon, calcium-oxalate stones form only in patients with an intact colon. Patients with an ile... | Wikipedia - Crohn's colitis | null | null | null |
The sudden onset of severe abdominal, back, or flank pain in patients with IBD, particularly if different from the usual discomfort, should lead to inclusion of a renal stone in the differential diagnosis.Urological manifestations in patients with IBD may include ureteral calculi, enterovesical fistula, perivesical inf... | Wikipedia - Crohn's colitis | null | null | null |
Neptunium chalcogen and pnictogen compounds have been well studied primarily as part of research into their electronic and magnetic properties and their interactions in the natural environment. Pnictide and carbide compounds have also attracted interest because of their presence in the fuel of several advanced nuclear ... | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
The α form exists up to around 1230 °C, the β up to 1530 °C, and the γ form, which can also exist as Np3S4, at higher temperatures. NpS can be created by reacting Np2S3 and neptunium metal at 1600 °C and Np3S5 can be prepared by the decomposition of Np2S3 at 500 °C or by reacting sulfur and neptunium hydride at 650 °C.... | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
All of the neptunium sulfides except for the β and γ forms of Np2S3 are isostructural with the equivalent uranium sulfide and several, including NpS, α−Np2S3, and β−Np2S3 are also isostructural with the equivalent plutonium sulfide. The oxysulfides NpOS, Np4O4S, and Np2O2S have also been created, although the latter th... | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
All of these have only been obtained by heating neptunium hydride and selenium metal to various temperatures in a vacuum for an extended period of time and Np2Se3 is only known to exist in the γ allotrope at relatively high temperatures. Two neptunium oxyselenide compounds are known, NpOSe and Np2O2Se, are formed with ... | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
No neptunium−polonium compounds have been reported. Pnictides and carbidesNeptunium nitride (NpN) was first prepared in 1953 by reacting neptunium hydride and ammonia gas at around 750 °C in a quartz capillary tube. Later, it was produced by reacting different mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen with neptunium metal at v... | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
It has also been created by the reduction of neptunium dioxide with diatomic nitrogen gas at 1550 °C. NpN is isomorphous with uranium mononitride (UN) and plutonium mononitride (PuN) and has a melting point of 2830 °C under a nitrogen pressure of around 1 MPa. Two neptunium phosphide compounds have been reported, NpP a... | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
The first has a face centered cubic structure and is prepared by converting neptunium metal to a powder and then reacting it with phosphine gas at 350 °C. Np3P4 can be created by reacting neptunium metal with red phosphorus at 740 °C in a vacuum and then allowing any extra phosphorus to sublimate away. The compound is ... | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
The first two were first created by heating arsenic and neptunium hydride in a vacuum-sealed tube for about a week. Later, NpAs was also made by confining neptunium metal and arsenic in a vacuum tube, separating them with a quartz membrane, and heating them to just below neptunium's melting point of 639 °C, which is sl... | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
NpAs2 crystals are brownish gold and Np3As4 is black. The neptunium antimonide compound NpSb was created in 1971 by placing equal quantities of both elements in a vacuum tube, heating them to the melting point of antimony, and then heating it further to 1000 °C for sixteen days. | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
This procedure also created trace amounts of an additional antimonide compound Np3Sb4. One neptunium-bismuth compound, NpBi, has also been reported.The neptunium carbides NpC, Np2C3, and NpC2 (tentative) have been reported, but have not characterized in detail despite the high importance and utility of actinide carbide... | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
NpC is a non-stoichiometric compound, and could be better labelled as NpCx (0.82 ≤ x ≤ 0.96). It may be obtained from the reaction of neptunium hydride with graphite at 1400 °C or by heating the constituent elements together in an electric arc furnace using a tungsten electrode. It reacts with excess carbon to form pur... | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
Neptunium does not have a biological role, as it has a short half-life and occurs only in small traces naturally. Animal tests showed that it is not absorbed via the digestive tract. When injected it concentrates in the bones, from which it is slowly released.Finely divided neptunium metal presents a fire hazard becaus... | Wikipedia - Neptunium | null | null | null |
Neratinib is a 4-anilino-3-cyano quinoline derivative. | Wikipedia - Neratinib | null | null | null |
Neratinib is found to strongly reduce the amount of HER2 released by extracellular vescicles and to enhance the capacity of clathrin mediated endocytosis. However, despite HER2 mediated signaling downregulation, Neratinib exerts only a modest effect on HER2 trafficking at IC50 of 6nM in SKBR3 cells. | Wikipedia - Neratinib | null | null | null |
Nero Recode: converts video and audio files as well as non-copyright-protected video DVDs and Blu-Rays into multiple video formats. Nero Disc to Device is an easy-to-use application for converting video discs and audio CDs for playback on mobile devices or in the cloud. Nero MediaHome enables users to manage and play t... | Wikipedia - Nero DiscSpeed | null | null | null |
Streaming to TVs and home media players is also included. Starting with Version 2015, users can stream media directly to their mobile devices (iOS, Android, Amazon) with the Nero MediaHome Receiver App. Nero MediaHome is also available with limited functionality as a free download from nero.com. | Wikipedia - Nero DiscSpeed | null | null | null |
Nero Media Browser: simple tools for retrieving media content. It makes the Nero MediaHome media library also available to non-Nero programs using simple drag and drop. Nero Blu-ray Player (not in Nero 2016 Platinum, only in the previous Platinum version. ): media player for Blu-ray discs | Wikipedia - Nero DiscSpeed | null | null | null |
Nero RescueAgent: helps users to recover files from damaged or partially unreadable media (discs, hard disks, USB thumb drives and flash drives) and to restore files that were accidentally deleted. Nero BackItUp: a system backup utility. It was integral part of Nero 6, 7, 8, 10 and 11 suites. With the introduction of N... | Wikipedia - Nero DiscSpeed | null | null | null |
Nerve agents attack the nervous system. All such agents function the same way resulting in cholinergic crisis: they inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) in the synapses between nerves that control whether muscle tissues are to relax or contract. If the a... | Wikipedia - Nerve agents | null | null | null |
Because of this, the first symptoms usually appear within 30 seconds of exposure and death can occur via asphyxiation or cardiac arrest in a few minutes, depending upon the dose received and the agent used.Initial symptoms following exposure to nerve agents (like Sarin) are a runny nose, tightness in the chest, and con... | Wikipedia - Nerve agents | null | null | null |
Blisters and burning of the eyes and/or lungs may also occur. This phase is followed by initially myoclonic jerks (muscle jerks) followed by status epilepticus–type epileptic seizure. Death then comes via complete respiratory depression, most likely via the excessive peripheral activity at the neuromuscular junction of... | Wikipedia - Nerve agents | null | null | null |
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