questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What are commonly used to control insect pests, but can have harmful effects on the environment?
Here are the choices:
A. insecticides
B. toxins
C. Herbicides
D. fertilizers | Insecticides are commonly used to control insect pests, but they can have harmful effects on the environment. | A: insecticides. |
The components of what keep their own identity when they combine and can usually be easily separated?
Here are the choices:
A. mixture
B. compound
C. alloy
D. solution | The components of a mixture keep their own identity when they combine. Therefore, they usually can be easily separated again. Their different physical properties are used to separate them. For example, oil is less dense than water, so a mixture of oil and water can be separated by letting it stand until the oil floats ... | A: mixture. |
What type of light can mosquitoes see?
Here are the choices:
A. spicule
B. infared
C. neon
D. trichina | A: Some animals can see light in the infrared or ultraviolet range of wavelengths. For example, mosquitoes can see infrared light, which is emitted by warm objects. By seeing infrared light, mosquitoes can tell where the warmest, blood-rich areas of the body are located. | B: infared. |
What subject is a way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic?
Here are the choices:
A. science
B. evolution
C. geology
D. geography | Science is a way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic. | A: science. |
Chloroplasts are present only in cells of eukaryotes capable of what process?
Here are the choices:
A. digestion
B. sexual reproduction
C. photosynthesis
D. hydrolysis | C: photosynthesis. | |
Shielding should be used when receiving x-rays to limit exposure to what potentially harmful form of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. radiation
B. pollution
C. evaporation
D. convection | To physically limit radiation doses, we use shielding, increase the distance from a source, and limit the time of exposure. Figure 32.10 illustrates how these are used to protect both the patient and the dental technician when an x-ray is taken. Shielding absorbs radiation and can be provided by any material, including... | A: radiation. |
What is the way animals act either alone or with other animals called?
Here are the choices:
A. animal lifestyle
B. animal way
C. animal point
D. animal behavior | Barking, purring, and playing are just some of the ways in which dogs and cats behave. These are examples of animal behaviors. Animal behavior is any way that animals act, either alone or with other animals. | D: animal behavior. |
What three primary colors of light can be distinguished by the human eye?
Here are the choices:
A. yellow, green, blue
B. red, green, blue
C. blue, red, orange
D. red, green, yellow | The human eye can distinguish only red, green, and blue light. These three colors are the primary colors of light. All other colors of light can be created by combining the primary colors. Secondary colors of light—cyan, yellow, and magenta—form when two primary colors combine equally. | B: red, green, blue. |
Which body system releases hormones that act on target cells to regulate development, growth, energy metabolism, reproduction, and many behaviors?
Here are the choices:
A. exocrine system
B. lymphatic
C. pituitary
D. endocrine system | 37.5 | Endocrine Glands By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the role of different glands in the endocrine system • Explain how the different glands work together to maintain homeostasis Both the endocrine and nervous systems use chemical signals to communicate and regulate the body's physiology.... | D: endocrine system. |
What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Here are the choices:
A. eukaryotic cells have a flagella
B. eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
C. eukaryotic cells have a cell wall
D. prokaryotic cells have a nucleus | There are two basic types of cells, prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells . The main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells have a nucleus . The nucleus is where cells store their DNA , which is the genetic material. The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane. Prokaryotic cells do no... | B: eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. |
What forms when cells start to grow out of control?
Here are the choices:
A. tumor
B. fat
C. moles
D. inflammation | Cancer of the testes is most common in males aged 15 to 35. It occurs when cells in the testes grow out of control and form a tumor. If found early, cancer of the testes usually can be cured with surgery. | A: tumor. |
Organs, vessels, and lymph make up what system?
Here are the choices:
A. nervous
B. circulatory
C. digestive
D. lymphatic | The lymphatic system consists of organs, vessels, and lymph. | D: lymphatic. |
Like the marketplace, the metabolic economy is regulated by what basic principle?
Here are the choices:
A. supply and demand
B. jobs and demand
C. price and demand
D. industrial and demand | A: supply and demand. | |
As roots grow longer they will always do what?
Here are the choices:
A. change direction
B. get thicker
C. get larger
D. grow downward | Roots have primary and secondary meristems for growth in length and width. As roots grow longer, they always grow down into the ground. Even if you turn a plant upside down, its roots will try to grow downward. How do roots “know” which way to grow? How can they tell down from up? Specialized cells in root caps are abl... | D: grow downward. |
Which virus causes cold sores?
Here are the choices:
A. flu virus
B. stilts virus
C. herpes virus
D. microbes virus | Cold sores are caused by a herpes virus. | C: herpes virus. |
Duplicated chromosomes are composed of two sister what?
Here are the choices:
A. karyotypes
B. chromatids
C. nucleotides
D. eukaryotes | Duplicated chromosomes are composed of two sister chromatids. Chromosomes are compacted using a variety of mechanisms during certain stages of the cell cycle. Several classes of protein are involved in the organization and packing of the chromosomal DNA into a highly condensed structure. The condensing complex compacts... | B: chromatids. |
What is the name of anything that has mass and takes up space?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon
B. depth
C. matter
D. solid | C: matter. | |
The units of time, day and year are based on what?
Here are the choices:
A. moon phases
B. motions of earth
C. motions of the sun
D. gravitational waves | B: motions of earth. | |
What is the term for an amount of force pushing against a given area?
Here are the choices:
A. pressure
B. resistance
C. mass
D. force | Gas particles are constantly moving and bumping into things, and this creates force. The amount of force pushing against a given area is called pressure. | A: pressure. |
What is the region called where an electron is most likely to be found?
Here are the choices:
A. the shell
B. the ellipse
C. the nucleus
D. the orbital | Negative electrons are attracted to the positive nucleus. This force of attraction keeps electrons constantly moving around the nucleus. The region where an electron is most likely to be found is called an orbital. | D: the orbital. |
Many glasses eventually crystallize, rendering them brittle and this?
Here are the choices:
A. molten
B. soft
C. powdered
D. opaque | Many glasses eventually crystallize, rendering them brittle and opaque. Modifying agents such as TiO 2 are frequently added to molten glass to reduce their tendency to crystallize. Why does the addition of small amounts of TiO2 stabilize the amorphous structure of glass?. | D: opaque. |
What is magnetism produced by an electrical current?
Here are the choices:
A. electromagnetism
B. strong magnetism
C. exomagnetism
D. hydromagnetism | Electromagnetism is magnetism produced by an electric current. Current flowing through a wire creates a magnetic field that surrounds the wire in concentric circles. | A: electromagnetism. |
A weak and temporary dipole that influences nearby atoms through electrostatic attraction and repulsion is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. an instantaneous dipole
B. a fused dipole
C. an incomplete dipole
D. an debased dipole | The electron cloud of a helium atom contains two electrons, which can normally be expected to be equally distributed spatially around the nucleus. However, at any given moment the electron distribution may be uneven, resulting in an instantaneous dipole. This weak and temporary dipole subsequently influences neighborin... | A: an instantaneous dipole. |
The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of what, which is called the maxwell-boltzmann distribution?
Here are the choices:
A. molecular size
B. molecular shape
C. molecular speeds
D. molecular rate | Distribution of Molecular Speeds The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This distribution is called the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, after its originators, who calculated it based ... | C: molecular speeds. |
What helps the cell continually renew itself?
Here are the choices:
A. centrosome
B. lymphocytes
C. lysosomes
D. vacuole | C: lysosomes. | |
One of the fundamental laws of chemistry deals with the fact that we cannot create or destroy what?
Here are the choices:
A. time
B. stars
C. protein
D. matter | One of the fundamental laws of chemistry deals with the fact that we cannot (using chemical means) create or destroy matter. When a reaction is run, the number of atoms of each specific type must be the same on both sides of the equation. For some materials, it turns out that one element can combine with a second eleme... | D: matter. |
What are the tiny, tube-shaped structures found inside a kidney called?
Here are the choices:
A. nephrons
B. neurons
C. dendrites
D. jejunum | There are many blood vessels in the kidneys ( Figure above ). The kidneys remove urea and other wastes from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons. Nephrons ( Figure below ) are tiny, tube-shaped structures found inside each kidney. Each kidney has up to a million nephrons. Each nephron collects a small... | A: nephrons. |
How many sperm does it take to fertilize an egg?
Here are the choices:
A. ten
B. one
C. five
D. two | 85 million sperm per day are produced. per testicle. That's 170,000,000 every day. This means that a single male may produce more than a quadrillion (1,000,000,000,000) sperm cells in his lifetime! But it only takes one to fertilize an egg. | B: one. |
What type of climate is found mostly near the equator?
Here are the choices:
A. hot dessert
B. cool tropical
C. warm subtropical
D. warm tropical | Climate is found in zones around the planet. Warm tropical climates are mostly found near the Equator. Glaciers are mostly found nearer the poles. Wegener assumed that these things were true in the ancient past. | D: warm tropical. |
Metabolism is the collection of what that occur in an organism?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical reactions
B. growth reactions
C. mechanical reactions
D. mineral reactions | A: chemical reactions. | |
What is the arrangement of a t-tubule with the membranes of sr on either side called?
Here are the choices:
A. triad
B. acid
C. orchid
D. aracnid | As the membrane depolarizes, another set of ion channels called voltage-gated sodium channels are triggered to open. Sodium ions enter the muscle fiber, and an action potential rapidly spreads (or “fires”) along the entire membrane to initiate excitation-contraction coupling. Things happen very quickly in the world of ... | A: triad. |
What is the name of the order that salamanders belong to?
Here are the choices:
A. urodela
B. aneuploid
C. oronthalic
D. platyhelminth | Salamanders belong to a group of approximately 500 species of amphibians. The order Urodela, containing salamanders and newts, is divided into three suborders:. | A: urodela. |
What is the tough tissue that contains collagen?
Here are the choices:
A. fiber
B. cartilage
C. membrane
D. muscle | Another distinguishing feature of vertebrates is an endoskeleton made of bone or cartilage. Cartilage is a tough tissue that contains a protein called collagen. Bone is a hard tissue that consists of a collagen matrix, or framework, filled in with minerals such as calcium. Bone is less flexible than cartilage but stron... | B: cartilage. |
What common ailment is typically caused by tense muscles in the shoulders, head and neck?
Here are the choices:
A. headache
B. disturbances
C. fever
D. pollution | A headache is a very common nervous system problem. Headaches may be a symptom of serious diseases, but they are more commonly due to muscle tension. A tension headache occurs when muscles in the shoulders, neck, and head become too tense. This often happens when people are “stressed out. ” Just trying to relax may hel... | A: headache. |
How many watts equals a horse power?
Here are the choices:
A. 695
B. 375
C. 745
D. 904 | Sometimes power is measured in a unit called the horsepower. For example, the power of car engines is usually expressed in horsepowers. One horsepower is the amount of work a horse can do in 1 minute. It equals 745 watts of power. Compare the horsepowers in the Figure below to the other Figure below . | C: 745. |
Some microorganisms can digest cellulose, breaking it down into what?
Here are the choices:
A. fructose polymers
B. glucose monomers
C. fructose monomers
D. gluclose polymers | B: glucose monomers. | |
Where does most geological activity take place?
Here are the choices:
A. plate waves
B. plate buildings
C. plate boundaries
D. plate medians | Most geological activity takes place at plate boundaries. This activity includes volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain building. The activity occurs as plates interact. Giant slabs of lithosphere moving around can create a lot of activity! The features seen at a plate boundary are determined by the direction of plate mo... | C: plate boundaries. |
What can be used to mechanically separate the two elements by attracting the iron filings out of the mixture and leaving the sulfur behind?
Here are the choices:
A. graduated cylinder
B. magnet
C. centrifuge
D. laser | When iron filings and sulfur powder are mixed together in any ratio, they form a mixture. No chemical reaction occurs, and both elements retain their individual properties. A magnet can be used to mechanically separate the two elements by attracting the iron filings out of the mixture and leaving the sulfur behind. | B: magnet. |
What forms when a solute dissolves in a solvent?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid
B. solution
C. chemical
D. gas | A solution forms when a solute dissolves in a solvent. The rate of dissolving is faster with stirring, a higher temperature, or greater surface area. Many solutes are soluble in water because water is polar. | B: solution. |
The enteric nervous system provides intrinsic innervation, and the autonomic nervous system provides this?
Here are the choices:
A. extrinsic innervation
B. autonomic innervation
C. arise innervation
D. complex innervation | layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The enteric nervous system provides intrinsic innervation, and the autonomic nervous system provides extrinsic innervation. | A: extrinsic innervation. |
Virtually all aquatic organisms depend directly or indirectly on what for food?
Here are the choices:
A. ground beef
B. protists
C. growths
D. prokaryotes | Figure 23.30 Virtually all aquatic organisms depend directly or indirectly on protists for food. (credit “mollusks”: modification of work by Craig Stihler, USFWS; credit “crab”: modification of work by David Berkowitz; credit “dolphin”: modification of work by Mike Baird; credit “fish”: modification of work by Tim Shee... | B: protists. |
Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture, another term for what?
Here are the choices:
A. solution
B. lipid
C. element
D. structure | Solution 1. Saltwater acts as if it were a single substance even though it contains two substances—salt and water. Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture, or a solution. Soil is composed of small pieces of a variety of materials, so it is a heterogeneous mixture. Water is a substance; more specifically, because water is co... | A: solution. |
What connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
Here are the choices:
A. disruption callosum
B. holy callosum
C. corpus callosum
D. The brain stem | The Brain The brain is the part of the central nervous system that is contained in the cranial cavity of the skull. It includes the cerebral cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, and retinas. The outermost part of the brain is a thick piece of nervous system tissue called ... | C: corpus callosum. |
Cells like a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but a eukaryotic cell is typically larger than a prokaryotic cell, has a true nucleus (meaning its dna is surrounded by a membrane), and has other membrane-bound organelles that allow for what?
Here are the choices:
A. scr... | 4.3 Eukaryotic Cells Like a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but a eukaryotic cell is typically larger than a prokaryotic cell, has a true nucleus (meaning its DNA is surrounded by a membrane), and has other membrane-bound organelles that allow for compartmentalizatio... | C: compartmentalization of functions. |
Colonial organisms were probably one of the first evolutionary steps towards which type of organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. multicellular
B. mutated
C. double cellular
D. fetus | Colonial organisms were probably one of the first evolutionary steps towards multicellular organisms. Algae of the genus Volvox are an example of the bridge between colonial organisms and multicellular organisms. Each Volvox , shown in Figure above , is a colonial organism. It is made of up to 50,000 photosynthetic fla... | A: multicellular. |
What do you call accumulation of excess water in the tissues?
Here are the choices:
A. diuretic
B. asthma
C. gout
D. edema | Fluid Balance: Edema Edema is the accumulation of excess water in the tissues. It is most common in the soft tissues of the extremities. The physiological causes of edema include water leakage from blood capillaries. Edema is almost always caused by an underlying medical condition, by the use of certain therapeutic dru... | D: edema. |
Transport epithelia that function in maintaining water balance also often function in disposal of what?
Here are the choices:
A. metabolic wastes
B. bacteria
C. organisms wastes
D. absorption wastes | A: metabolic wastes. | |
What is magnetism produced by electricity called?
Here are the choices:
A. electromagnetism
B. momentum
C. electrical attraction
D. excitation | Electricity can be used to produce a magnetic field. Magnetism produced by electricity is called electromagnetism. | A: electromagnetism. |
What is an area that is saturated with water or covered by water for at least one season of the year?
Here are the choices:
A. a bog
B. a valley
C. a peat
D. a wetland | A wetland is an area that is saturated with water or covered by water for at least one season of the year. The water may be freshwater or salt water. Wetlands are extremely important biomes for several reasons:. | D: a wetland. |
How are bacteria identified and classified?
Here are the choices:
A. by their shape
B. by there movement
C. by there cell count
D. by their color | Bacteria are so small that they can only be seen with a microscope. When viewed under the microscope, they have three distinct shapes ( Figure below ). Bacteria can be identified and classified by their shape:. | A: by their shape. |
What do we call forces that act on the system from outside?
Here are the choices:
A. external
B. material
C. internal
D. static | External forces are forces that act on the system from outside. In our previous example, external forces include the force of gravity acting on both cars (because the other part of the force pair, the pull of gravity the Earth experiences coming from the cars, is not included in the system) and the forces of friction b... | A: external. |
Prostaglandins also help regulate the aggregation of platelets, one step in the formation of what?
Here are the choices:
A. bloats
B. cysts
C. acne
D. blood clots | D: blood clots. | |
Deceleration is the opposite of what?
Here are the choices:
A. acceleration
B. stopping
C. vibration
D. stimulation | Discussion The minus sign indicates that acceleration is to the left. This sign is reasonable because the train initially has a positive velocity in this problem, and a negative acceleration would oppose the motion. Again, acceleration is in the same direction as the change in velocity, which is negative here. This acc... | A: acceleration. |
Each cell and every living thing requires what?
Here are the choices:
A. calcium
B. potassium
C. energy
D. salt | All living things need energy. You can often see energy at work in living things. Look at the hummingbird and jellyfish in Figure below . Both of them are obviously using energy. Living things constantly use energy in less obvious ways as well. Inside every cell, all living things need energy to carry out life processe... | C: energy. |
In the human body, what do you call the intersection where the paths for air and food cross.?
Here are the choices:
A. esophagus
B. pharynx
C. larynx
D. cloaca | B: pharynx. | |
Air conditioning systems can incubate certain bacteria and what else?
Here are the choices:
A. wood
B. mold
C. Cancer
D. root | Air conditioning systems that can incubate certain bacteria and mold. | B: mold. |
The toothlessness of modern birds, which serves to trim the weight of the head, is an example of what?
Here are the choices:
A. variety
B. genetic drift
C. mutation
D. adaptation | D: adaptation. | |
What are the active transport mechanisms by which molecules enter and leave the cell inside vesicles?
Here are the choices:
A. oxidation and exocytosis
B. endocytosis and oxidation
C. endocytosis and exocytosis
D. dielectric and exocytosis | Endocytosis and exocytosis are active transport mechanisms in which large molecules enter and leave the cell inside vesicles. | C: endocytosis and exocytosis. |
Fractures, rickets, and osteoarthritis all affect what part(s) of the body?
Here are the choices:
A. Heart
B. bones
C. animals
D. fossils | Despite their hardness and strength, bones can suffer from injury and disease. Bone problems include fractures, osteoarthritis, and rickets. | B: bones. |
Name the closest living relatives of tetrapods?
Here are the choices:
A. lumpfishes
B. shrimp
C. spinefishes
D. lungfishes | D: lungfishes. | |
What type of air may get stuck on the windward side of a mountain range?
Here are the choices:
A. steady air
B. brisk air
C. live air
D. maritime air | Maritime air may become stuck on the windward side of a mountain range. For this reason it is unable to bring cooler air farther inland. | D: maritime air. |
Most protists are aquatic organisms and need what kind of environment to survive?
Here are the choices:
A. cold
B. moist
C. warm
D. dry | Most protists are aquatic organisms. They need a moist environment to survive. They are found mainly in damp soil, marshes, puddles, lakes, and the ocean. Some protists are free-living organisms. Others are involved in symbiotic relationships. They live in or on other organisms, including humans. | B: moist. |
The help with diffusion comes from special proteins in the membrane known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. lazy proteins
B. installation proteins
C. navigation proteins
D. transport proteins | Water and many other substances cannot simply diffuse across a membrane. Hydrophilic molecules, charged ions, and relatively large molecules such as glucose all need help with diffusion. The help comes from special proteins in the membrane known as transport proteins . Diffusion with the help of transport proteins is c... | D: transport proteins. |
The extracellular matrix of most animal cells contains abundant amounts of what protein, which helps hold things together?
Here are the choices:
A. actin
B. elastin
C. collagen
D. keratin | Extracellular Matrix of Animal Cells Most animal cells release materials into the extracellular space. The primary components of these materials are proteins, and the most abundant protein is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. Collectively, thes... | C: collagen. |
What are two types of lobe finned fish?
Here are the choices:
A. moles and lungfish
B. coelacanths and lungfish
C. piranha and pike
D. sharks and piranha | Lobe-fined fish are currently far fewer in number than ray-finned fish. Their fins, like the one shown in Figure above , contain a stump-like appendage of bone and muscle. There are two groups of lobe-finned fish still alive today: coelacanths and lungfish. | B: coelacanths and lungfish. |
What is the rate of change of velocity called?
Here are the choices:
A. vibration
B. transmission
C. speed
D. acceleration | Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. So in other words, acceleration tells you how quickly the velocity is increasing or decreasing. An acceleration of indicates that the velocity is increasing by in the positive direction every second. | D: acceleration. |
What is the main organ required for respiration in mammals?
Here are the choices:
A. the diaphragm
B. the brain
C. the lungs
D. the heart | Respiration is the process in which gases are exchanged between the body and the outside air. | C: the lungs. |
Molecules are represented by symbols that all who agree on?
Here are the choices:
A. physics
B. geologists
C. chemists
D. astrologists | This passage from a Bach cello suite could be played by any trained musician from any country, because there is agreement as to what the symbols on the page mean. In the same way, molecules are represented using symbols that all chemists agree upon. | C: chemists. |
What is the smallest unit of time commonly based on?
Here are the choices:
A. hour
B. second
C. millimeter
D. minute | B: second. | |
Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or what?
Here are the choices:
A. destroyed
B. contained
C. observed
D. contaminated | Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed. | A: destroyed. |
What process changes a liquid to a gas without boiling?
Here are the choices:
A. bubbling
B. melting
C. absorption
D. evaporation | Vaporization is easily confused with evaporation, but the two processes are not the same. Evaporation also changes a liquid to a gas, but it doesn’t involve boiling. Instead, evaporation occurs when particles at the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to escape into the air. This happens without the liquid becoming ... | D: evaporation. |
Every peripheral nerve is connected directly or indirectly to what?
Here are the choices:
A. the umbilical chord
B. the optimal cord
C. the functional cord
D. the spinal cord | The blue lines in this drawing represent nerves of the peripheral nervous system. Every peripheral nerve is connected directly or indirectly to the spinal cord. Notice the thick sciatic nerve. It is the longest (and thickest) nerve in the body, running from the lower region of the spinal cord to just above the knee. | D: the spinal cord. |
The four phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and what?
Here are the choices:
A. spirogyra
B. telophase
C. postphase
D. trichina | Mitosis occurs in four phases, called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. | B: telophase. |
Pathogenic prokaryotes usually cause illness by producing what?
Here are the choices:
A. organisms
B. ions
C. insects
D. poisons | D: poisons. | |
Once cells _______, they can no longer divide
Here are the choices:
A. migrate
B. differentiate
C. mature
D. propagate | Most plants continue to grow throughout their lives. Like other multicellular organisms, plants grow through a combination of cell growth and cell division. Cell growth increases cell size, while cell division (mitosis) increases the number of cells. As plant cells grow, they also become specialized into different cell... | B: differentiate. |
Phase labels - and even special conditions - are sometimes included for the substances that are part of what?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon equations
B. solid equations
C. chemical equations
D. toxic equations | Many chemical equations also include phase labels for the substances: (s) for solid, (ℓ) for liquid, (g) for gas, and (aq) for aqueous (i. , dissolved in water). Special conditions, such as temperature, may also be listed above the arrow. For example, 2NaHCO. | C: chemical equations. |
Body waves travel through the earth and arrive at seismograms before what?
Here are the choices:
A. sound waves
B. velocity waves
C. surface waves
D. function waves | Body waves travel through the Earth and arrive at seismograms before surface waves. | C: surface waves. |
What are the outpocketings of the digestive tract that remove nitrogenous wastes and function in osmoregulation?
Here are the choices:
A. intestinal tubules
B. malpighian tubules
C. olivary tubules
D. integumentary tubules | B: malpighian tubules. | |
What were the first photosynthetic organisms on earth?
Here are the choices:
A. fungi
B. trees
C. bacteria
D. mosses | Plants aren't the only organisms that use the energy of the sun to make food. Some bacteria can also perform photosynthesis. In fact, the first photosynthetic organisms on Earth were bacteria. Photosynthesis is just one of many ways that bacteria can obtain energy. | C: bacteria. |
What do you call the substance in a cooling system that has a low boiling point and changes between liquid and gaseous states?
Here are the choices:
A. refrigerant
B. emission
C. byproduct
D. coolant | The key to how a refrigerator or other cooling system works is the refrigerant. A refrigerant is a substance with a low boiling point that changes between liquid and gaseous states as it passes through the refrigerator. | A: refrigerant. |
Certain characteristics are frequently inherited together because of what?
Here are the choices:
A. mitosis
B. linkage
C. genetic combination
D. correlation | Linkage explains why certain characteristics are frequently inherited together. For example, genes for hair color and eye color are linked, so certain hair and eye colors tend to be inherited together, such as blonde hair with blue eyes and brown hair with brown eyes. What other human traits seem to occur together? Do ... | B: linkage. |
Which organ protects the body from injury, water loss, and microorganisms?
Here are the choices:
A. liver
B. kidney
C. stomach
D. skin | Skin protects the body from injury, water loss, and microorganisms. It also plays a major role in maintaining a stable body temperature. | D: skin. |
What is the term for the sudden movement of large blocks of rock and soil down a slope?
Here are the choices:
A. slump
B. sludge
C. hurricane
D. torrent | Less dramatic types of mass wasting move Earth materials slowly down a hillside. Slump is the sudden movement of large blocks of rock and soil down a slope. ( Figure below ). All the material moves together in big chunks. Slumps may happen when a layer of slippery, wet clay is underneath the rock and soil on a hillside... | A: slump. |
What is the comparison of two factors within a population?
Here are the choices:
A. curve
B. hypothesis
C. variable
D. correlation | Correlation is a comparison of two factors within a population. Correlation does not imply causation. | D: correlation. |
What process is the opposite of nitrogen fixation?
Here are the choices:
A. respiration
B. digestion
C. percolation
D. denitrification | When plants and other organisms die, decomposers break down their remains. In the process, they release nitrogen in the form of ammonium ions. This process is called ammonification. Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium ions into nitrites and nitrates. Some of the nitrates are used by plants. The process of convertin... | D: denitrification. |
Plant-like protists produce oxygen through which process?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. respiration
C. glycolysis
D. metamorphosis | Plant-like protists are essential to the ecosystem. They are the base of the marine food chain, and they produce oxygen through photosynthesis for animals to breathe. They are classified into a number of basic groups ( Table below ). | A: photosynthesis. |
Insulin is produced by what part of the body?
Here are the choices:
A. pancreas
B. thyroid
C. kidneys
D. liver | 17.9 The Endocrine Pancreas The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The pancreatic islet cell types include alpha cells, which produce glucagon; beta cells, which produce insulin; delta cells, which produce somatostatin; and PP cells, which produce pancreatic polypeptide. Insulin and glucagon are involv... | A: pancreas. |
What color is the brittle metalloid tallurium?
Here are the choices:
A. brownish black
B. silvery white
C. purplish blue
D. yellowish green | Tellurium is a silvery white, brittle metalloid. It is toxic and may cause birth defects. Tellurium can conduct electricity when exposed to light, so it is used to make solar panels. It has several other uses as well. For example, it makes steel and copper easier to work with and lends color to ceramics. | B: silvery white. |
What compounds, which serve as fuels and are used in manufacturing, are called the driving force of western civilization?
Here are the choices:
A. fossils
B. forests
C. gas
D. hydrocarbons | It is hard to overstate the importance of hydrocarbons to modern life. Hydrocarbons have even been called the driving force of western civilization. You saw some ways they are used in Figure above . Several other ways are illustrated in Figure below . Their most important use is as fuels. Gasoline, natural gas, fuel oi... | D: hydrocarbons. |
What is the main type of organism that gets its energy directly from the sun?
Here are the choices:
A. plants
B. animals
C. consumers
D. carnivores | This tiny plant can use the energy of the sun to make its own food. You can't make food by just sitting in the sun. Plants are not the only organisms that can get energy from the sun, however. Some protists, such as algae, and some bacteria can also use the energy of the sun to make their own food. | A: plants. |
What are the two factors that affect the pressure of fluids?
Here are the choices:
A. momentum and density
B. depth and density
C. viscosity and gravity
D. depth and decrease | Two factors that affect the pressure of fluids are depth and density. This explains why water pressure is greater deeper in the ocean and air pressure is greatest at sea level. Denser fluids, such as water, exert more pressure than less dense fluids, such as air. | B: depth and density. |
What consists of four major components: inorganic mineral matter, organic matter, water and air, and living matter?
Here are the choices:
A. color
B. rocks
C. soil
D. nitrogen | 31.2 The Soil Plants obtain mineral nutrients from the soil. Soil is the outer loose layer that covers the surface of Earth. Soil quality depends on the chemical composition of the soil, the topography, the presence of living organisms, the climate, and time. Agricultural practice and history may also modify the charac... | C: soil. |
What is the term for the movement of substances due to random thermal molecular motion?
Here are the choices:
A. diffusion
B. Transfusion
C. convection
D. condensation | 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes Diffusion There is something fishy about the ice cube from your freezer—how did it pick up those food odors? How does soaking a sprained ankle in Epsom salt reduce swelling? The answer to these questions are related to atomic and molecular tr... | A: diffusion. |
Most metals exist in which form at room temperature?
Here are the choices:
A. oils
B. liquids
C. gases
D. solids | Matter typically exists in one of three states: solid, liquid, or gas. The state of a given substance is a physical property. Some substances exist as gases at room temperature (such as oxygen and carbon dioxide), while others (like water and mercury metal) exist as liquids. Most metals exist as solids at room temperat... | D: solids. |
A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into these?
Here are the choices:
A. clones
B. specialized cells
C. infectious cells
D. germ cells | Stem Cells A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells. Stem cells are divided into several categories according to their potential to differentiate. The first embryonic cells that arise from the division of the zy... | B: specialized cells. |
What monthy cycle causes changes in the ovaries and uterus?
Here are the choices:
A. sleep-wake cycle
B. water cycle
C. the menstrual cycle
D. tides | The menstrual cycle is a monthly cycle of changes in the ovaries and uterus. | C: the menstrual cycle. |
Chytridiomycota are considered the most primitive of what kingdom?
Here are the choices:
A. protists
B. animals
C. fungi
D. plants | 24.2 Classifications of Fungi Chytridiomycota (chytrids) are considered the most primitive group of fungi. They are mostly aquatic, and their gametes are the only fungal cells known to have flagella. They reproduce both sexually and asexually; the asexual spores are called zoospores. Zygomycota (conjugated fungi) produ... | C: fungi. |
What is a soft, gray, nontoxic alkaline earth metal?
Here are the choices:
A. magnesium
B. calcium
C. potassium
D. pewter | For a better understanding of alkaline Earth metals, let’s take a closer look at two of them: calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr). Calcium is a soft, gray, nontoxic alkaline Earth metal. Although pure calcium doesn’t exist in nature, calcium compounds are very common in Earth’s crust and in sea water. Calcium is also the m... | B: calcium. |
In many polychaetes, the parapodia are richly supplied with blood vessels and also function as what?
Here are the choices:
A. pores
B. tails
C. scales
D. gills | D: gills. | |
What is formed when plant bodies are lithified?
Here are the choices:
A. coal
B. fossils
C. copper
D. methane | The bodies of organisms can make a sedimentary rock. Plant bodies are lithified to become coal. When shells are cemented together they make a type of limestone. So limestone can be considered chemical or organic. | A: coal. |
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