questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What small biological structures make up all living things, including the human body?
Here are the choices:
A. cells
B. scales
C. lipids
D. proteins | Cells make up all living things, including your own body. This picture shows a typical group of cells. But not all cells look alike. Cells can differ in shape and sizes. And the different shapes usually means different functions. | A: cells. |
How does carbon dioxide chemically weather rocks?
Here are the choices:
A. by creating water
B. by creating heat
C. by creating acids
D. by creating proteins | Carbon dioxide chemically weathers rock by creating acids. | C: by creating acids. |
What is the interaction of waves with other waves called?
Here are the choices:
A. wave interference
B. wave dancing
C. wave mixing
D. wave induction | When two or more waves meet, they interact with each other. The interaction of waves with other waves is called wave interference . Wave interference may occur when two waves that are traveling in opposite directions meet. The two waves pass through each other, and this affects their amplitude. Amplitude is the maximum... | A: wave interference. |
What kinds of rocks can change and become new types of rocks?
Here are the choices:
A. igneous rocks
B. metamorphic rocks
C. sedimentary rocks
D. any types of rocks | Any type of rock can change and become a new type of rock. Magma can cool and crystallize. Existing rocks can be weathered and eroded to form sediments. Rock can change by heat or pressure deep in Earth's crust. There are three main processes that can change rock:. | D: any types of rocks. |
What type of earthquake has a shallow focus because the plates meet near the surface?
Here are the choices:
A. gas giant
B. divergent boundary
C. tectonic
D. transform fault | Transform fault earthquakes have shallow focus because the plates meet near the surface. | D: transform fault. |
What causes waves to bring sand up onto the beach during summers?
Here are the choices:
A. high energy
B. no energy
C. low sand density
D. low energy | Waves also move sand from the beaches on shore to bars of sand offshore as the seasons change. In the summer, waves have lower energy so they bring sand up onto the beach. In the winter, higher energy waves bring the sand back offshore. | D: low energy. |
What kind of bases completely dissociate in water, releasing all hydroxide anions into the solution?
Here are the choices:
A. strong
B. weak
C. whole
D. unusual | Strong bases completely dissociate in water, releasing all hydroxide anions into the solution. The most common strong bases are soluble metal hydroxides. Weak bases partially deprotonate water to form small amounts of hydroxide and the protonated base. | A: strong. |
What model of the atom features an electron orbiting a nucleus, forming a closed-current loop and producing a magnetic field with a north pole and a south pole?.
Here are the choices:
A. solar model
B. hydrogen model
C. planetary model
D. gravitational model | Figure 22.13 (a) In the planetary model of the atom, an electron orbits a nucleus, forming a closed-current loop and producing a magnetic field with a north pole and a south pole. (b) Electrons have spin and can be crudely pictured as rotating charge, forming a current that produces a magnetic field with a north pole a... | C: planetary model. |
Nearly all apicomplexans are parasites of what?
Here are the choices:
A. animals
B. plants
C. stars
D. fungi | A: animals. | |
What is the term for sheets of cells that form a boundary between a mass of cells and a cavity or space?
Here are the choices:
A. myelin
B. ganglion
C. epithelia
D. mucus | Tight junctions are common at epithelia, which are sheets of cells that form a boundary between a mass of cells and a cavity or space (a lumen ). The membranes of these cells join together, forming a virtually impermeable barrier to fluid. Tight junctions essentially seal adjacent epithelial cells in a narrow layer jus... | C: epithelia. |
What does a cell need to transform into a cancerous cell?
Here are the choices:
A. parasites
B. microbes
C. mutations
D. adaptations | Typically, a series of several mutations that constitutively activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes is required to transform a normal cell into a cancer cell ( Figure below ). Cells have developed a number of control mechanisms to overcome mutations in proto-oncogenes. Therefore, a cell needs multiple... | C: mutations. |
Circular water waves decrease in what property as they move away from where a rock is dropped?
Here are the choices:
A. frequency
B. mass
C. amplitude
D. voltage | 16.11 Energy in Waves: Intensity 17. Two identical waves undergo pure constructive interference. Is the resultant intensity twice that of the individual waves? Explain your answer. Circular water waves decrease in amplitude as they move away from where a rock is dropped. Explain why. | C: amplitude. |
What property of certain states of matter can be given in units of millimeters of mercury?
Here are the choices:
A. velocity
B. pressure
C. gravity
D. solvency | Pressure is given in units of millimeters of mercury. We can either convert this to atmospheres or use the value of the ideal gas constant that includes the mmHg unit. We will take the second option. Substituting into the ideal gas law,. | B: pressure. |
Loss of energy is the reason that what typically has few levels?
Here are the choices:
A. video games
B. humans
C. the atmosphere
D. food chain | At each level of a food chain, a lot of energy is lost. Only about ten percent of the energy passes to the next level. Where does that energy go? Some energy is given off as heat. Some energy goes into animal wastes. Energy also goes into growing things that another consumer can't eat, like fur. It's because so much en... | D: food chain. |
Root-like projections anchor adults of what colony-dwelling animals to solid surfaces such as rocks and reefs?
Here are the choices:
A. anemones
B. molluscs
C. sponges
D. corals | Sponges come in a variety of shapes and sizes. For example, they may be shaped like tubes, fans, cones, or just blobs. They range in diameter from about a centimeter (0.4 inches) to over a meter (3.3 feet). Many species live in colonies that may be quite large. Adult sponges are sessile. This means they are unable to m... | C: sponges. |
We divide up the earth's seas into five what, which are really all interconnected?
Here are the choices:
A. oceans
B. ecosystems
C. continents
D. lakes | People divide up the seas into five oceans. But they are really all interconnected. Even so, they are all very different. This ocean is near a shore and is obviously in a cold region. It appears to be a good habitat for whales! No matter what, the oceans have a huge influence on the planet, locally and as a whole. | A: oceans. |
Regulated by guard cells, stomata allow what to enter and exit the plant?
Here are the choices:
A. nutrients
B. fluid
C. molecules
D. gases | Chapter 30 1 Figure 30.7 A and B. The cortex, pith, and epidermis are made of parenchyma cells. 3 Figure 30.34 B. 4 C 6 C 8 A 10 B 12 A 14 B 16 C 18 B 20 D 22 C 24 C 26 C 27 Lawn grasses and other monocots have an intercalary meristem, which is a region of meristematic tissue at the base of the leaf blade. This is bene... | D: gases. |
The rising and sinking of these can cause precipitation?
Here are the choices:
A. underwater currents
B. circular air currents
C. temporary air currents
D. global air currents | Global air currents affect precipitation. How they affect it varies with latitude ( Figure below ). Where air rises, it cools and there is precipitation. Where air sinks, it warms and causes evaporation. These patterns are part of the global wind belts. | D: global air currents. |
Where does evidence that magnetic reversals occur come from?
Here are the choices:
A. Volcanoes
B. air
C. rocks on ocean floor
D. snow | Scientists don’t know for certain why magnetic reversals occur, but there is hard evidence that they have for hundreds of millions of years. The evidence comes from rocks on the ocean floor. Look at Figure below . They show the same ridge on the ocean floor during different periods of time. | C: rocks on ocean floor. |
What is used to measure air pressure?
Here are the choices:
A. indicator
B. metrometer
C. barometer
D. thermometer | C: barometer. | |
As altitude rises, what happens to the temperature in the thermosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen decreases
B. temperature increases
C. oxygen increases
D. temperature decreases | Temperature increases with altitude in the thermosphere. Surprisingly, it may be higher than 1000° C (1800° F) near the top of this layer! The Sun’s energy there is very strong. The molecules absorb the Sun’s energy and are heated up. But there are so few gas molecules that the air still feels very cold. Molecules in t... | B: temperature increases. |
How many stomach compartments do ruminants have?
Here are the choices:
A. seven
B. two
C. four
D. five | To help digest the large amount of plant material, the stomach of the ruminants is a multi-chambered organ, as illustrated in Figure 34.8. The four compartments of the stomach are called the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. These chambers contain many microbes that break down cellulose and ferment ingested food.... | C: four. |
Seismic waves show that the inner core of the earth is solid while the outer core is what?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid
B. lava
C. silicon
D. gas | The dense, iron core forms the center of the Earth. Scientists know that the core is metal from studying metallic meteorites and the Earth’s density. Seismic waves show that the outer core is liquid, while the inner core is solid. Movement within Earth's outer liquid iron core creates Earth’s magnetic field. These conv... | A: liquid. |
What do ions of the same charge do?
Here are the choices:
A. repel each other
B. discard each other
C. merge
D. attract each other | Ions are highly reactive, especially as gases. They usually react with ions of opposite charge to form neutral compounds. For example, positive sodium ions and negative chloride ions react to form the neutral compound sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt. This occurs because oppositely charged ions attract eac... | A: repel each other. |
Integral proteins penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the what?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon bilayer
B. skin bilayer
C. metabolism bilayer
D. lipid bilayer | D: lipid bilayer. | |
The thermal properties of what substance largely contribute to the temperature climate of europe?
Here are the choices:
A. lava
B. water
C. clouds
D. soil | mass, water should be a gas at room temperature (20°C), but the strong intermolecular interactions in liquid water greatly increase its boiling point. Hydrogen bonding also produces the relatively open molecular arrangement found in ice, which causes ice to be less dense than water. Because ice floats on the surface of... | B: water. |
Our sun is on the main sequence, like most stars, and it is classified by what colorful name?
Here are the choices:
A. white dwarf
B. blue dwarf
C. yellow dwarf
D. red dwarf | We have a main sequence star nearby. Our Sun is on the main sequence, classified as a yellow dwarf. Our Sun has been a main sequence star for about 5 billion years. As a medium-sized star, it will continue to shine for about 5 billion more years. Most stars are on the main sequence. | C: yellow dwarf. |
Stirring, surface area, and temperature affect the rate at which what occurs?
Here are the choices:
A. solute freezes
B. solute fragments
C. concentration dissolves
D. solute dissolves | When you add sugar to a cold drink, you may stir it to help the sugar dissolve. If you don’t stir, the sugar may eventually dissolve, but it will take much longer. Stirring is one of several factors that affect how fast a solute dissolves in a solvent. Temperature is another factor. A solid solute dissolves faster at a... | D: solute dissolves. |
What process of gradual change is the source of diversity of life on earth?
Here are the choices:
A. development
B. variation
C. creation
D. evolution | The Diversity of Life The fact that biology, as a science, has such a broad scope has to do with the tremendous diversity of life on earth. The source of this diversity is evolution, the process of gradual change during which new species arise from older species. Evolutionary biologists study the evolution of living th... | D: evolution. |
Shivering helps the body return to a stable what?
Here are the choices:
A. temperature
B. weight
C. mood
D. pH level | These people may be having fun in the icy water, but their bodies are struggling to react to the cold. For example, they may begin to shiver. Shivering helps the body return to a stable temperature. The body is always working to achieve stability, or homeostasis. | A: temperature. |
What term is used to describe a solution in which water is the solvent?
Here are the choices:
A. hydro solution
B. aqueous solution
C. liquids solution
D. sediment solution | Solutions We have previously defined solutions as homogeneous mixtures, meaning that the composition of the mixture (and therefore its properties) is uniform throughout its entire volume. Solutions occur frequently in nature and have also been implemented in many forms of manmade technology. We will explore a more thor... | B: aqueous solution. |
What is prosopagnosia?
Here are the choices:
A. lack of memory
B. time blindness
C. way blindness
D. face blindness | Brain: Prosopagnosia The failures of sensory perception can be unusual and debilitating. A particular sensory deficit that inhibits an important social function of humans is prosopagnosia, or face blindness. The word comes from the Greek words prosopa, that means “faces,” and agnosia, that means “not knowing. ” Some pe... | D: face blindness. |
Fungi are unique in having cell walls made of what?
Here are the choices:
A. lectin
B. prokaryotic
C. chitin
D. Protein | Fungi are a kingdom in the domain Eukarya that includes molds, mushrooms, and yeasts. Most fungi are multicellular. They are unique in having cell walls made of chitin. | C: chitin. |
What is the largest body in the solar system?
Here are the choices:
A. earth
B. planet
C. sun
D. asteroids | Our Sun is a star. This star provides light and heat and supports almost all life on Earth. The Sun is the center of the solar system. It is by far the largest part of the solar system. Added together, all of the planets make up just 0.2 percent of the solar system's mass. The Sun makes up the remaining 99.8 percent of... | C: sun. |
Which part of an earthquake is in the ground where the ground breaks?
Here are the choices:
A. the epicenter
B. the focus
C. the tectonic plate
D. the fault | The focus of an earthquake is in the ground where the ground breaks. The epicenter is the point at the surface just above the focus. | B: the focus. |
What substances contained in lemons, vinegar, and sour candies have a sour taste?
Here are the choices:
A. fats
B. lactose
C. acids
D. proteins | Acids have a sour taste. Lemons, vinegar, and sour candies all contain acids. | C: acids. |
Many microorganisms are single celled and use what for perception and movement?
Here are the choices:
A. mitochondria
B. organelles
C. nucleus
D. chloroplasts | Chapter 12 1 MRI uses the relative amount of water in tissue to distinguish different areas, so gray and white matter in the nervous system can be seen clearly in these images. 3 Neurons enable thought, perception, and movement. Plants do not move, so they do not need this type of tissue. Microorganisms are too small t... | B: organelles. |
Because it produces oxygen, what plant process was necessary for the evolution of animals?
Here are the choices:
A. death
B. reproduction
C. germination
D. photosynthesis | Eventually plants evolved. Plants produce oxygen as a product of photosynthesis. Oxygen spread around the planet about 2.5 billion years ago. Many organisms died off because they could not handle the oxygen. But this development was extremely important for other life. Animals need oxygen to breathe. If photosynthesis h... | D: photosynthesis. |
What category of animals in the vertebrate group has a relatively small brain but highly developed sense organs?
Here are the choices:
A. arthropods
B. primates
C. mammals
D. fish | Fish have a nervous system with a brain. Fish brains are small compared with the brains of other vertebrates. However, they are large and complex compared with the brains of invertebrates. Fish also have highly developed sense organs. They include organs to see, hear, feel, smell, and taste. | D: fish. |
What distinguishing feature predates the branching of mammals from other vertebrates?
Here are the choices:
A. backbone
B. adaptation
C. eggs
D. teeth | A: backbone. | |
The simplest way to define a base is which kind of compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water?
Here are the choices:
A. magnetic
B. ionic
C. covalent
D. solvent | The simplest way to define a base is an ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. One of the most commonly used bases is sodium hydroxide, illustrated below. | B: ionic. |
What is the term for behaviors that are closely controlled by genes with little or no environmental influence?
Here are the choices:
A. learned behavior
B. observational behaviors
C. reflex behaviors
D. innate behaviors | Behaviors that are closely controlled by genes with little or no environmental influence are called innate behaviors . These are behaviors that occur naturally in all members of a species whenever they are exposed to a certain stimulus. Innate behaviors do not have to be learned or practiced. They are also called insti... | D: innate behaviors. |
In the forward reaction, hydrogen and iodine combine to form what?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen iodide
B. hydrogen ionicide
C. iodinic hydrogen
D. ionic hydrogen | In the forward reaction, hydrogen and iodine combine to form hydrogen iodide. In the reverse reaction, hydrogen iodide decomposes back into hydrogen and iodine. The two reactions can be combined into one equation by the use of a double arrow. | A: hydrogen iodide. |
Catalysts can greatly increase the rates of chemical what?
Here are the choices:
A. reactions
B. photosynthesis
C. effects
D. decay | and procaine. Not only do catalysts greatly increase the rates of reactions, but in some cases such as in petroleum refining, they also control which products are formed. The acceleration of a reaction by a catalyst is called catalysis. | A: reactions. |
Ecology, botany, and zoology are what type of science?
Here are the choices:
A. psychological sciences
B. physical sciences
C. life science
D. chemistry | Life is complex and living things are incredibly diverse. Therefore, life science is divided into many fields, such as ecology, botany, and zoology. | C: life science. |
How do we describe chemical reactions?
Here are the choices:
A. balanced reactions
B. atomic numbers
C. chemical equations
D. equilibrium | Chemical reactions are described using chemical equations. | C: chemical equations. |
Represented in equations by the letter "g", what pulls objects down to the earth's surface?
Here are the choices:
A. motion
B. energy
C. gravity
D. light | Gravity near the Earth pulls an object downwards toward the surface of the Earth with an acceleration of . In the absence of air resistance, all objects will fall with the same acceleration. The letter is used as the symbol for the acceleration of gravity. When talking about an object's acceleration, whether it is due ... | C: gravity. |
The similarity in biochemical compounds between living things provides evidence for the evolution of species from what?
Here are the choices:
A. rare tribes
B. common ancestors
C. recent ancestors
D. varied ancestors | Biochemical compounds are carbon-based compounds that are found in living things. The similarity in biochemical compounds between living things provides evidence for the evolution of species from common ancestors. | B: common ancestors. |
The only invertebrates than can fly belong to what broad group, which is highly successful?
Here are the choices:
A. bats
B. insects
C. spiders
D. birds | Insects are the only invertebrates than can fly. Flight is the main reason for their success. | B: insects. |
The dna is wound around proteins called what?
Here are the choices:
A. pepsins
B. nucleotides
C. leptons
D. histones | Chapter 9 1 Figure 9.10 Ligase, as this enzyme joins together Okazaki fragments. 2 A 4 B 6 A 8 C 10 D 12 The DNA is wound around proteins called histones. The histones then stack together in a compact form that creates a fiber that is 30-nm thick. The fiber is further coiled for greater compactness. During metaphase of... | D: histones. |
What part of an animal helps to prevent water loss and gives support and protection?
Here are the choices:
A. membrane
B. cuticle
C. backbone
D. exoskeleton | The arthropod exoskeleton consists of several layers of cuticle. The exoskeleton prevents water loss and gives support and protection. It also acts as a counterforce for the contraction of muscles. The exoskeleton doesn’t grow as the animal grows. Therefore, it must be shed and replaced with a new one periodically thro... | D: exoskeleton. |
Protozoa are generally difficult to identify due to what?
Here are the choices:
A. their varied shape
B. their hidden shape
C. their resting shape
D. their formation shape | 22.10 Protozoa As heterotrophs, protozoa scavenge materials from their surroundings. Others are predators which actively hunt or ambush small organisms such as bacteria and other protozoa for a source of nutrition. Protozoa can be parasitic as well; they may live inside larger organisms, like humans. Most protozoa live... | A: their varied shape. |
Where does digestion begin?
Here are the choices:
A. excretory system
B. spicule cavity
C. oral cavity
D. gastrovascular cavity | D: gastrovascular cavity. | |
What basic units are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, but are instead rearranged?
Here are the choices:
A. molecules
B. Electrons
C. atoms
D. particles | Atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, but are instead rearranged to yield. | C: atoms. |
Which members of the food chain break down remains of plants and other organisms when they die?
Here are the choices:
A. decomposers
B. fluxes
C. Respiration
D. nematodes | When plants and other organisms die, decomposers break down their remains. In the process, they release nitrogen in the form of ammonium ions. Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium ions into nitrates. Some of the nitrates are used by plants. Some are changed back to nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria. | A: decomposers. |
Concentration is the removal of solvent, which increases the concentration of what?
Here are the choices:
A. sodium
B. solute
C. vapor
D. Water | Often, a worker will need to change the concentration of a solution by changing the amount of solvent. Dilution is the addition of solvent, which decreases the concentration of the solute in the solution. Concentration is the removal of solvent, which increases the concentration of the solute in the solution. (Do not c... | B: solute. |
What type of coal deposits are the most extensive ever formed?
Here are the choices:
A. precambrian
B. jurassic
C. carboniferous
D. mesozoic | C: carboniferous. | |
What is the term for the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain?
Here are the choices:
A. cranium (skull)
B. pelvis
C. thorax
D. ribcage | 7.2 | The Skull By the end of this section, you will be able to: • List and identify the bones of the brain case and face • Locate the major suture lines of the skull and name the bones associated with each • Locate and define the boundaries of the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae, the temporal fossa, and... | A: cranium (skull). |
What is it called when organisms with traits that better enable them to adapt to their environment tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers?
Here are the choices:
A. adaptation
B. natural selection
C. evolution
D. natural distribution | New species develop naturally through the process of natural selection . Due to natural selection, organisms with traits that better enable them to adapt to their environment will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers. Natural selection causes beneficial heritable traits to become more common in a population... | B: natural selection. |
A crow that becomes used to a scarecrow and lands on it is an example of what?
Here are the choices:
A. dissociation
B. adaptation
C. habituation
D. assimilation | Another example of habituation is shown below ( Figure below ). Crows and most other birds are usually afraid of people. They avoid coming close to people, or they fly away when people come near them. The crows landing on this scarecrow have become used to a “human” in this place. They have learned that the scarecrow p... | C: habituation. |
What term is used to describe the sequence of elementary steps that together comprise an entire chemical reaction?
Here are the choices:
A. source mechanism
B. potassium mechanism
C. reaction mechanism
D. elemental mechanism | In this equation, the letters A and B represent the reactants that begin the reaction, and the letter C represents the product that is synthesized in the reaction. The arrow shows the direction in which the reaction occurs. | C: reaction mechanism. |
Structurally, diplomonads have two equal-sized what and multiple flagella?
Here are the choices:
A. neutrons
B. nuclei
C. atoms
D. electrons | B: nuclei. | |
What is the term for the affected factor in an experiment?
Here are the choices:
A. stable variable
B. dependent variable
C. multiple variable
D. independent variable | Test the hypothesis. Make predictions based on the hypothesis and then determine if they are correct. This may involve carrying out an experiment. An experiment is a controlled scientific test that often takes place in a lab. It investigates the effects of one factor, called the independent variable , on another factor... | B: dependent variable. |
Furthermore, most of the proteins within membranes have both hydrophobic and which other regions?
Here are the choices:
A. lymphatic
B. cytosolic
C. atmospheric
D. hydrophilic | D: hydrophilic. | |
What are proteins that increase the rate of biochemical reactions?
Here are the choices:
A. amino acids
B. enzymes
C. metabolites
D. hormones | Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of biochemical reactions. Enzymes aren’t changed or used up in the reactions, so they can be used to speed up the same reaction over and over again. Enzymes are highly specific for certain chemical reactions, so they are very effective. A reaction that would take years to occ... | B: enzymes. |
What process enables all living things to maintain a constant internal environment?
Here are the choices:
A. consciousness
B. ketosis
C. homeostasis
D. peristalsis | All living things are able to maintain a constant internal environment through homeostasis. | C: homeostasis. |
Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas in a human body?
Here are the choices:
A. estrogen
B. growth hormone
C. progesterone
D. insulin | The pancreas is a large gland located near the stomach. Hormones secreted by the pancreas include insulin. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the blood. It also stimulates the liver to take up and store excess glucose. | D: insulin. |
What are the gas giants mostly made of .
Here are the choices:
A. nitrogen and helium
B. hydrogen and carbon
C. calcium and helium
D. hydrogen and helium | The gas giants are mostly made of hydrogen and helium. These are the same elements that make up most of the Sun. Astronomers think that most of the nebula was hydrogen and helium. The inner planets lost these very light gases. Their gravity was too low to keep them and they floated away into space. The Sun and the oute... | D: hydrogen and helium. |
Static friction acts on objects when they are resting on what?
Here are the choices:
A. a single point
B. a pool of water
C. a surface
D. their laurels | Static friction acts on objects when they are resting on a surface. For example, if you are hiking in the woods, there is static friction between your shoes and the trail each time you put down your foot (see Figure below ). Without this static friction, your feet would slip out from under you, making it difficult to w... | C: a surface. |
The ammonium ion is what type of acid?
Here are the choices:
A. normal -lowry
B. brønsted-lowry
C. oxidized - lowry
D. kaon - lowry | We can also consider the reverse reaction in the above equation. In that reaction, the ammonium ion donates a proton to the hydroxide ion. The ammonium ion is a Brønsted-Lowry acid, while the hydroxide ion is a Brønsted-Lowry base. Most Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reactions can be analyzed in this way. There is one acid a... | B: brønsted-lowry. |
Loss of muscle mass due to breakdown of structural proteins is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. exhaustion
B. atrophy
C. mutation
D. distrophy | 10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance Hypertrophy is an increase in muscle mass due to the addition of structural proteins. The opposite of hypertrophy is atrophy, the loss of muscle mass due to the breakdown of structural proteins. Endurance exercise causes an increase in cellular. | B: atrophy. |
Which of these is last if ordered in increasing size: galaxy, solar system, star cluster?
Here are the choices:
A. none of these
B. solar system
C. galaxy
D. star cluster | Compared to Earth, the solar system is a big place. Compared to the solar system a star cluster is a big place. But galaxies are bigger—a lot bigger. | C: galaxy. |
What encloses the genetic material of the virus?
Here are the choices:
A. nuclei
B. the capsid
C. mitochondria
D. the spindle | Diagram of a Cytomegalovirus. The capsid encloses the genetic material of the virus. The envelope which surrounds the capsid is typically made from portions of the host cell membranes (phospholipids and proteins). Not all viruses have a viral envelope. | B: the capsid. |
Plant-like protists are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. yeasts
B. bacterium
C. algae
D. sponge | Plant-like protists are called algae. They include single-celled diatoms and multicellular seaweed. Like plants, they contain chlorophyll and make food by photosynthesis. Types of algae include red and green algae, euglenids, and dinoflagellates. | C: algae. |
How do mammals ventilate their lungs?
Here are the choices:
A. negative pressure breathing
B. negative pressure vocalizing
C. negative combination breathing
D. negative atmospheric breathing | A: negative pressure breathing. | |
Blood vessels blood pumped by the heart flows through a series of vessels known as arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins before returning to this?
Here are the choices:
A. lungs
B. feet
C. heart
D. brain | CHAPTER REVIEW 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels Blood pumped by the heart flows through a series of vessels known as arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins before returning to the heart. Arteries transport blood away from the heart and branch into smaller vessels, forming arterioles. Arteriol... | C: heart. |
What do you call the fragments of cells involved in the clotting process that are suspended in blood plasma?
Here are the choices:
A. platelets
B. hemoglobin
C. hematocrit
D. ironites | A: platelets. | |
What year did the soho spacecraft first started to operate?
Here are the choices:
A. 2012
B. 1987
C. 2006
D. 1996 | Humans have sent spacecraft up to study our star. The SOHO spacecraft has been in operation since 1996. The craft orbits the Sun in step with Earth but closer to it. SOHO has sent back amazing images. Onboard instruments have also sent back mountains of data. The data is mostly about the Sun's outer layers. | D: 1996. |
Concentration of what, the substance left behind when ocean water evaporates, is about 3.5 percent?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen
B. quartz
C. salts
D. sugar | Dissolved mineral salts wash into the ocean. As ocean water evaporates, it leaves the salts behind. This makes the water saltier. Ocean water is about 3.5 percent salts. The main salt is sodium chloride. | C: salts. |
What has a distinct front and back end?
Here are the choices:
A. volvox sphere
B. heroclix sphere
C. hydro sphere
D. imipenem sphere | The Volvox sphere has a distinct front and back end. The colony of cells can swim in a coordinated fashion. The cells have eyespots, which are more developed in the cells near the front. This enables the colony to swim towards light. | A: volvox sphere. |
In how many basic was can substances cross the plasma membrane?
Here are the choices:
A. one
B. four
C. three
D. two | If a cell were a house, the plasma membrane would be walls with windows and doors. Moving things in and out of the cell is an important role of the plasma membrane. It controls everything that enters and leaves the cell. There are two basic ways that substances can cross the plasma membrane: passive transport and activ... | D: two. |
What type of cells have chloroplasts?
Here are the choices:
A. simple cells
B. animal cells
C. human cells
D. plant cells | Plants are multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls made of cellulose. Plant cells also have chloroplasts. In addition, plants have specialized reproductive organs. These are structures that produce reproductive cells. Male reproductive organs produce sperm, and female reproductive organs produce eggs. Male and female ... | D: plant cells. |
What is the term for disease-causing agents, such as bacteria and viruses?
Here are the choices:
A. parasites
B. pathogens
C. spores
D. vaccines | The body’s first line of defense consists of different types of barriers that keep most pathogens out of the body. Pathogens are disease-causing agents, such as bacteria and viruses. These and other types of pathogens are described in Figure below . Regardless of the type of pathogen, however, the first line of defense... | B: pathogens. |
To figure out the height of a wave you measure the distance between the crest and what?
Here are the choices:
A. drift
B. core
C. crater
D. trough | The figure above also shows how the size of waves is measured ( Figure above ). The highest point of a wave is the crest . The lowest point is the trough . The vertical distance between a crest and a trough is the wave height . Wave height is also called amplitude . The horizontal distance between two crests is the wav... | D: trough. |
Humans possess greater diversity of what type, compared to laboratory animals?
Here are the choices:
A. genetics
B. pathogens
C. elements
D. lifespans | A: genetics. | |
What system can be used by scientists to express very small numbers?
Here are the choices:
A. similar notation
B. scientific notation
C. certain diffusion
D. scientific diffusion | Very small numbers can also be expressed using scientific notation. The mass of an electron in decimal notation is 0.000000000000000000000000000911 grams. In scientific notation, the mass is expressed as 9.11 × 10 -28 g. Notice that the value of the exponent is chosen so that the coefficient is between 1 and 10. | B: scientific notation. |
An unknown genotype can be determined by observing what, the term for characteristics of the resulting offspring?
Here are the choices:
A. abnormalities
B. chromosonal variations
C. clusters
D. phenotypes | Consider the following example: Suppose you have a purple and white flower and purple color ( P ) is dominant to white ( p ). The white flower must be homozygous for the recessive allele, but the genotype of the purple flower is unknown. It could be either PP or Pp . A testcross will determine the organism's genotype. ... | D: phenotypes. |
Wind power, solar power, hydropower, and geothermal power are called renewable sources of energy or what other term?
Here are the choices:
A. conservative energy
B. specific energy
C. alternative energy
D. mandatory energy | Alternative energy sources include wind power, solar power, hydropower, and geothermal power. | C: alternative energy. |
How much electricity is generated by an average car battery?
Here are the choices:
A. twelve volts
B. eight volts
C. six volts
D. ten volts | The description given above describes the process that occurs in one cell of a lead-acid battery. Because cars require a battery with a higher voltage than can be obtained with a single cell, car batteries generally consist of several cells connected together to produce the desired voltage output. A typical car battery... | A: twelve volts. |
What is the term for a cellular "scaffolding" that crisscrosses the cytoplasm?
Here are the choices:
A. cellulose
B. collagen
C. cytoskeleton
D. protoskeleton | The cytoskeleton is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" that crisscrosses the cytoplasm. All eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton, and recent research has shown that prokaryotic cells also have a cytoskeleton. The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is made up of a network of long, thin protein fibers and has many functions. It... | C: cytoskeleton. |
What common code do all known living organisms use?
Here are the choices:
A. code of ethics
B. Morse code
C. biochemical
D. genetic | The genetic code is universal. All known living organisms use the same genetic code. This shows that all organisms share a common evolutionary history. | D: genetic. |
What are 2 common growth patterns of population?
Here are the choices:
A. organic and inorganic
B. migratory and logistic
C. exponential and economical
D. exponential and logistic | Populations may show different patterns of growth. The growth pattern depends partly on the conditions under which a population lives. Two common growth patterns are exponential growth and logistic growth. Both are represented in Figure below . | D: exponential and logistic. |
Solutions to schrödinger’s equation involve four special numbers called what?
Here are the choices:
A. quantum numbers
B. gravity numbers
C. light numbers
D. linear numbers | Solutions to Schrödinger’s equation involve four special numbers called quantum numbers . (Three of the numbers, , , and , come from Schrödinger’s equation, and the fourth one comes from an extension of the theory). These four numbers completely describe the energy of an electron. Each electron has exactly four quantum... | A: quantum numbers. |
What is the only human cell with flagella?
Here are the choices:
A. Feces
B. saliva
C. egg
D. sperm | Sperm cells are the only human cell with flagella . This is because of their need to "swim" long distances to reach an egg for fertilization. | D: sperm. |
What can be described as a tiny male gametophyte enclosed in a tough capsule?
Here are the choices:
A. grain of pollen
B. seed
C. dna
D. cell | A grain of pollen is a tiny male gametophyte enclosed in a tough capsule (see Figure below ). It carries sperm to an ovule while preventing it from drying out. Pollen grains can’t swim, but they are very light, so the wind can carry them. Therefore, they can travel through air instead of water. | A: grain of pollen. |
What is the largest artery in the body called?
Here are the choices:
A. carotid
B. ventricular
C. radial
D. aorta | Flaps of tissue called valves separate the heart’s chambers. Valves keep blood flowing in just one direction through the heart. For example, a valve at the bottom of the right atrium opens to let blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. Then the valve closes so the blood can’t flow back into the right a... | D: aorta. |
Fertilization occurs if a sperm enters the egg while it is passing through what tube?
Here are the choices:
A. anterior
B. fallopian
C. vaginal
D. ovarian | Fertilization occurs if a sperm enters the egg while it is passing through the fallopian tube. When this happens, the egg finally completes meiosis. This results in two daughter cells that are different in size. The smaller cell is called a polar body . It contains very little cytoplasm. It soon breaks down and disappe... | B: fallopian. |
When the smooth muscle relaxes, the arterioles dilate, allowing blood to enter the what?
Here are the choices:
A. arteries
B. bones
C. veins
D. capillaries | D: capillaries. | |
What to tadpoles develop into?
Here are the choices:
A. toads
B. frogs
C. mosquitos
D. snakes | Frogs typically lay their eggs in puddles, ponds, or lakes. Their larvae, or tadpoles , have gills, a tail, but no legs, and need to live in water. If fact, they are quite similar to a fish. Tadpoles develop into adult frogs in water ( Figure below ). During this transformation, they develop lungs, lose their tails and... | B: frogs. |
What part of the body do fish use to absorb oxygen?
Here are the choices:
A. under belly
B. tail fin
C. gills
D. dorsal fin | In order to absorb oxygen from the water, fish use gills ( Figure below ). Gills take dissolved oxygen from water as the water flows over the surface of the gill. | C: gills. |
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