questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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Ion drives have low thrust but high what?
Here are the choices:
A. tolerance
B. power
C. acceleration
D. efficiency | Ion drives have low thrust but high efficiency. They have already been used on several space missions, including NASA’s Deep Space 1spacecraft and Japan’sHayabusa asteroid sampling probe. Source: Photo courtesy of NASA,http://commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File:Ion_Engine_Test_Firing_-_GPN2000-000482. | D: efficiency. |
For most waves, energy is proportional to what, a term that describes the height of the wave?
Here are the choices:
A. wave amplitude
B. wave volume
C. wave threshold
D. wave frequency | Light also behaves like a package of energy. It turns out that for light, the energy of the “package” of energy is proportional to its frequency. (For most waves, energy is proportional to wave amplitude, or the height of the wave. ) The mathematical equation that relates the energy (E) of light to its frequency is. | A: wave amplitude. |
What are the primary causes of bone fractures?
Here are the choices:
A. sideways impact or bending
B. spiral impact or bending
C. overuse
D. step impact or bending | Each ionic compound has its own unique name that comes from the names of the ions. | A: sideways impact or bending. |
Water is polar and has electrically charged ends, so it is attracted to the oppositely charged end of a phospholipid molecule, which is described by what term meaning "water-loving"?
Here are the choices:
A. aqueous
B. hydrophilic
C. cytosolic
D. hydrophobic | One end of each phospholipid molecule is polar, so it has a partial electric charge. Water is also polar and has electrically charged ends, so it is attracted to the oppositely charged end of a phospholipid molecule. This end of the phospholipid molecule is described as hydrophilic, which means “water loving. ”. | B: hydrophilic. |
What is produced when a base is dissolved in water?
Here are the choices:
A. hydroxide ions
B. synthesis ions
C. ingredient ions
D. alkaline ions | Acids are ionic compounds that produce positively charged hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water. Acids taste sour and react with metals. Bases are ionic compounds that produce negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH - ) when dissolved in water. Bases taste bitter and do not react with metals. Examples of acids are... | A: hydroxide ions. |
What do mammals conserve heat with?
Here are the choices:
A. fur or muscle
B. skin or bones
C. hair or fur
D. tendons or hair | Mammals conserve heat with their hair or fur. It works like the layer of insulation in the walls of a house. It traps warm air next to the skin so it can’t escape into the environment. Like the squirrel in Figure below , most mammals can make their hair or fur stand up from the skin. This makes it a better insulator. M... | C: hair or fur. |
What is a mutation that changes all or much of a particular chromosome?
Here are the choices:
A. biochemical mutation
B. muscular mutation
C. kinetic mutation
D. chromosomal mutation | A mutation that changes all or a large part of a chromosome is called a chromosomal mutation. This type of mutation tends to be very serious. Sometimes chromosomes are missing or extra copies are present. An example is the mutation that causes Down syndrome. In this case, there is an extra copy of one of the chromosome... | D: chromosomal mutation. |
Defined as a difference in electric potential energy, a source of what is required in order to produce an electrical current?
Here are the choices:
A. wattage
B. voltage
C. magnetism
D. momentum | Current requires a source of voltage, which is a difference in electric potential energy. Sources of voltage include chemical cells and solar cells. | B: voltage. |
What hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms?
Here are the choices:
A. simple carbohydrates
B. caloric hydrocarbons
C. unsaturated hydrocarbons
D. saturated hydrocarbons | Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. As a result, each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. | D: saturated hydrocarbons. |
What is a decrease in the magnitude of the membrane potential?
Here are the choices:
A. inflammation
B. digestion
C. depolarization
D. ionization | C: depolarization. | |
Water pollution occurs when chemicals, sewage, trash, or heat enter what?
Here are the choices:
A. water resources
B. air resources
C. natural resources
D. renewable resources | Water pollution occurs when chemicals, sewage, trash, or heat enter water resources. Water pollution is threatening the limited supply of clean, fresh water that human beings and other living things depend on. | A: water resources. |
Radioisotopes may vary greatly in their rate of decay, decaying faster if their nuclei are more what?
Here are the choices:
A. stable
B. mature
C. unstable
D. immature | Different radioisotopes may vary greatly in their rate of decay. The more unstable their nuclei are, the faster they decay. | C: unstable. |
Where can composite volcanoes most frequently be found?
Here are the choices:
A. transform boundaries
B. convergent boundaries
C. divergent boundaries
D. astatine boundaries | Composite volcanoes are common at convergent boundaries. Shield volcanoes are produced at divergent plate boundaries and intraplate. | B: convergent boundaries. |
The digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems of amphibians share a body cavity called what?
Here are the choices:
A. anus
B. urethra
C. cloaca
D. stoma | All amphibians have digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. All three systems share a body cavity called the cloaca. Wastes enter the cloaca from the digestive and excretory systems, and gametes enter the cloaca from the reproductive system. An opening in the cloaca allows the wastes and gametes to leave the bo... | C: cloaca. |
Vertebrates are a subphylum of what phylum?
Here are the choices:
A. chordata
B. hydrozoa
C. porifera
D. arthropoda | Vertebrates are a subphylum of the phylum Chordata. Like all chordates, vertebrates have a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail. What other characteristics do vertebrates have? What traits set them apart from invertebrate chordates?. | A: chordata. |
What is the latin name for mercury?
Here are the choices:
A. stibium
B. trichina
C. hydrargyrum
D. spirogyra | In this image, you see small pools of elemental mercury. The Latin name for mercury is hydrargyrum, a compound word meaning “water-silver” (hydr- = water, -argyros = silver), since it is liquid like water but shiny like silver. Mercury is the only pure metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature. | C: hydrargyrum. |
The brain is said to contain gray matter, while what related structure contains white matter separated into columns?
Here are the choices:
A. brain stem
B. spinal cord
C. orbital lobe
D. amygdala | White Columns Just as the gray matter is separated into horns, the white matter of the spinal cord is separated into columns. Ascending tracts of nervous system fibers in these columns carry sensory information up to the brain, whereas descending tracts carry motor commands from the brain. Looking at the spinal cord lo... | B: spinal cord. |
What type of behavior occurs naturally in all animals of a given species?
Here are the choices:
A. innate
B. learned
C. observational
D. reflex | An innate behavior is any behavior that occurs naturally in all animals of a given species. An innate behavior is also called an instinct . The first time an animal performs an innate behavior, the animal does it well. The animal does not have to practice the behavior in order to get it right or become better at it. In... | A: innate. |
What orbits an atoms' nucleus?
Here are the choices:
A. negatively charged electrons
B. isotopes
C. positively charged protons
D. neutrally charged ions | An atom has negatively-charged electrons in orbit around its nucleus. | A: negatively charged electrons. |
What are the three forms of water as found in nature?
Here are the choices:
A. solid , mixture , gas
B. solid, liquid, gas
C. balanced , liquid , gas
D. ice, vapor, sleet | B: solid, liquid, gas. | |
What type of digestion is chewing an example of?
Here are the choices:
A. gravity
B. electromagnetic
C. fluid
D. mechanical | D: mechanical. | |
How many major massive extinctions have been since life began on earth?
Here are the choices:
A. five
B. three
C. four
D. one | Since life began on Earth, there have been at least five major massive extinctions. | A: five. |
What tool do scientist's use to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. phylogenetic tree
B. photogenetic tree
C. superficial tree
D. conceptual tree | Phylogenetic Trees Scientists use a tool called a phylogenetic tree to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. Scientists consider phylogenetic trees to be a hypothesis of the evol... | A: phylogenetic tree. |
What kind of bonds are there between carbon atoms in saturated fatty acids?
Here are the choices:
A. double
B. electrical
C. chemical
D. single | In saturated fatty acids, there are only single bonds between carbon atoms. As a result, the carbons are saturated with hydrogen atoms. Saturated fatty acids are found in fats. Fats are solid lipids that animals use to store energy. | D: single. |
In winter, water does what, becoming solid and causing hoses to rupture and engine blocks to crack?
Here are the choices:
A. fractures
B. crystallizes
C. freeze
D. shrinks | In the winter, the temperature often gets well below the freezing point of water. This condition can create problem in car radiators. If the water freezes, water hoses will break, the engine block can crack, and significant damage can be done to the car. | C: freeze. |
Unlike archaea and eukaryotes, bacteria have a cell wall made of what?
Here are the choices:
A. phospholipids
B. hydrogen
C. substrates
D. peptidoglycan | Unlike Archaea and eukaryotes, bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, comprised of sugars and amino acids, and many have a polysaccharide capsule (Figure 3.5). The cell wall acts as an extra layer of protection, helps the cell maintain its shape, and prevents dehydration. The capsule enables the cell to attac... | D: peptidoglycan. |
What happens to the crust if the moving oceanic crust reaches a deep sea trench?
Here are the choices:
A. forms a continent
B. ocean volcano
C. sinks into mantle
D. it cleaves | In some places, the oceanic crust comes up to a continent. The moving crust pushes that continent away from the ridge axis as well. If the moving oceanic crust reaches a deep sea trench, the crust sinks into the mantle. The creation and destruction of oceanic crust is the reason that continents move. Seafloor spreading... | C: sinks into mantle. |
Polygenic traits are controlled by more than one of these?
Here are the choices:
A. genes
B. phenotypes
C. genomes
D. chromosomes | Some traits are controlled by more than one gene. They are called polygenic traits. Each gene for a polygenic trait may have two or more alleles. The genes may be on the same or different chromosomes. Polygenic traits may have many possible phenotypes. Skin color and adult height are examples of polygenic traits in hum... | A: genes. |
What system plays a critical role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis?
Here are the choices:
A. renal system
B. nervous system
C. endocrine system
D. circulatory system | Neural Regulation The nervous system plays a critical role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis. The primary regulatory sites include the cardiovascular centers in the brain that control both cardiac and vascular functions. In addition, more generalized neural responses from the limbic system and the autonomic ner... | B: nervous system. |
How many nonpolar bonds does an oxygen molecule have?
Here are the choices:
A. 7
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5 | An oxygen molecule has two nonpolar bonds. This is called a double bond. The two oxygen atoms attract equally the four shared electrons. | B: 2. |
What type of disease occurs when the immune system fails to recognize the body's own molecules?
Here are the choices:
A. cardiac
B. congenital
C. gastrointestinal
D. autoimmune | Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system fails to recognize the body’s own molecules as “self,” or belonging to the person. Instead, it attacks body cells as though they were dangerous pathogens. There are more than 80 known autoimmune diseases. Recall that regulatory T cells help regulate the immune system. Wh... | D: autoimmune. |
What organism is an important pioneer on cleared rock and soil surfaces, such as volcanic flows and burned forests?
Here are the choices:
A. pigment
B. cysts
C. lichen
D. algae | C: lichen. | |
What hypothetical link between development of herbivores and plant defenses is observed in nature, for instance in seeds that are unsavory to animals?
Here are the choices:
A. natural selection
B. abjection
C. interconnection
D. coevolution | Animals and Plants: Herbivory Coevolution of flowering plants and insects is a hypothesis that has received much attention and support, especially because both angiosperms and insects diversified at about the same time in the middle Mesozoic. Many authors have attributed the diversity of plants and insects to pollinati... | D: coevolution. |
The term salt can refer to essentially any of what compounds?
Here are the choices:
A. absorption
B. ionic
C. metallic
D. solvent | where the term salt can refer to essentially any ionic compound. An example would be the reaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide:. | B: ionic. |
Where is the hypothalamus–pituitary complex located in the body?
Here are the choices:
A. stem of the brain
B. subthalamic of the brain
C. diencephalon of the brain
D. tribulus of the brain | 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus The hypothalamus–pituitary complex is located in the diencephalon of the brain. The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are connected by a structure called the infundibulum, which contains vasculature and nerve axons. The pituitary gland is divided into two distinct structures... | C: diencephalon of the brain. |
Where is the guinea worm a serious problem?
Here are the choices:
A. florida
B. russia
C. africa
D. ukraine | Guinea worm is a serious problem in parts of Africa that is being eradicated. Learn what is being done to decrease the number of people suffering from this parasite at the video below:. | C: africa. |
The reaction of calcium oxide with carbon dioxide forms what?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon monoxide
B. nitrogen
C. nitrogen carbonate
D. calcium carbonate | The way in which a reaction is written influences the value of the enthalpy change for the reaction. Many reactions are reversible, meaning that the product(s) of the reaction are capable of combining and reforming the reactant(s). If a reaction is written in the reverse direction, the sign of the changes. For example,... | D: calcium carbonate. |
Cilia or flagella structures give protists what ability?
Here are the choices:
A. breathing
B. eating
C. reproduction
D. movement | An animal-like protist, or a protozoa. These protists have the ability to move, usually with some sort of cilia or flagella, and must obtain their energy from other sources. But obviously, they are much simpler than animals. | D: movement. |
What is characterized by uncontrolled cell division of abnormal cells?
Here are the choices:
A. radiation
B. hepatitis
C. concussions
D. cancer | cell depletion, organ system failure, and impaired tissue injury responses. Telomerase reactivation in these mice caused extension of telomeres, reduced DNA damage, reversed neurodegeneration, and improved the function of the testes, spleen, and intestines. Thus, telomere reactivation may have potential for treating ag... | D: cancer. |
Our global ecological footprint depends on resource use per person and what population factor?
Here are the choices:
A. population decrease
B. population fluctuation
C. population density
D. population sample | C: population density. | |
What do all sound waves begin with?
Here are the choices:
A. vibrating matter
B. enclosing matter
C. oscillating matter
D. talking matter | All sound waves begin with vibrating matter. The vibrations generate longitudinal waves that travel through matter in all directions. | A: vibrating matter. |
Animal starch, called glycogen, is stored in the liver and where else?
Here are the choices:
A. muscles
B. hands
C. nerves
D. kidneys | Note the Pattern Because carbohydrates have a carbonyl functional group and several hydroxyl groups, they can undergo a variety of reactions. Two familiar polysaccharides are starch and cellulose, which both hydrolyze to produce thousands of glucose units. They differ only in the connection between glucose units and th... | A: muscles. |
Kepler's laws relate to the motion of what?
Here are the choices:
A. the sun
B. oceans
C. planets
D. continents | The system is isolated from other masses. This allows us to neglect any small effects due to outside masses. The conditions are satisfied, to good approximation, by Earth’s satellites (including the Moon), by objects orbiting the Sun, and by the satellites of other planets. Historically, planets were studied first, and... | C: planets. |
Colloids are used industrially as what?
Here are the choices:
A. catalysts
B. solutions
C. impurities
D. organisms | Suspensions and colloids are two common types of mixtures whose properties are in many ways intermediate between those of true solutions and heterogeneous mixtures. Asuspension is a heterogeneous mixture of particles with diameters of about 1 µm (1000 nm) that are distributed throughout a second phase. Common suspensio... | A: catalysts. |
What is defined as the temperature plus precipitation of an area over a long period of time?
Here are the choices:
A. climate
B. conditions
C. environment
D. weather | Climate is the temperature plus precipitation of an area. Not just today, but over a long period of time. Climate affects chemical weathering. Chemical weathering increases as:. | A: climate. |
What manages the material and energy resources of the cell?
Here are the choices:
A. respiration
B. nucleus
C. metabolism
D. cell wall | C: metabolism. | |
What is the midpiece of sperm packed with?
Here are the choices:
A. mitochondria
B. glucose
C. protein
D. urine | The midpiece of the sperm is packed with mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles in cells that produce energy. Sperm use the energy in the midpiece to move. | A: mitochondria. |
Dry soils are relatively unproductive because plants need a sufficient quantity of liquid water to carry out what process?
Here are the choices:
A. contraction
B. flowering
C. shrinkage
D. photosynthesis | D: photosynthesis. | |
The vitamins and minerals contained in all of the food we consume are important for all of our organ systems. however, there are certain nutrients that affect this?
Here are the choices:
A. mental health
B. chain health
C. abnormal health
D. bone health | Nutrition and Bone Tissue The vitamins and minerals contained in all of the food we consume are important for all of our organ systems. However, there are certain nutrients that affect bone health. | D: bone health. |
What type of plants supplement their mineral nutrition by digesting animals?
Here are the choices:
A. carnivorous
B. perennials
C. herbivorous
D. annuals | A: carnivorous. | |
Daughter cells divide by what?
Here are the choices:
A. meiosis
B. electrolysis
C. mitosis
D. nucleus | The daughter cells then start to divide by meiosis . But they only go through the first of the two cell divisions of meiosis at that time. They go through the second stage of cell division after the female goes through puberty. | A: meiosis. |
Phytochromes regulate many plant responses to what?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. heat
C. light
D. gravity | C: light. | |
Carbon dioxide molecules consist of a central carbon atom bonded to how many oxygen atoms?
Here are the choices:
A. three
B. one
C. two
D. four | Carbon dioxide molecules consist of a central carbon atom bonded to 2 oxygen atoms. | C: two. |
Survivorship curves show the distribution of individuals in a population according to what metric?
Here are the choices:
A. height
B. weight
C. birth rate
D. age | Figure 19.4 Survivorship curves show the distribution of individuals in a population according to age. Humans and most mammals have a Type I survivorship curve, because death primarily occurs in the older years. Birds have a Type II survivorship curve, as death at any age is equally probable. Trees have a Type III surv... | D: age. |
Electrons are not shared equally between the two atoms in which type of covalent bonds?
Here are the choices:
A. polar
B. wide
C. narrow
D. solar | In polar covalent bonds, electrons are not shared equally between the two atoms, so one atom is slightly negative in charge and one is slightly positive in charge. In nonpolar covalent bonds, electrons are shared equally so the atoms remain neutral in charge. | A: polar. |
What is above each leaf scar?
Here are the choices:
A. an axillary bud
B. lenticel
C. chambered pitch
D. stipule scar | A: an axillary bud. | |
Ultimately, the fluid that is lost from the blood vessels is returned through what system?
Here are the choices:
A. venous
B. symptomatic
C. lymphatic
D. urinary | None of your blood vessels are leaking this badly, or you'd be in the hospital! But your blood vessels do leak a little bit. Water and solutes pass out of the blood vessels and help form the fluid that bathes your body's tissues. Ultimately the fluid that is lost from the blood vessels is returned through the lymphatic... | C: lymphatic. |
What type energy sources emit fewer or no greenhouse gases?
Here are the choices:
A. fossil
B. renewable
C. gas
D. animal | New technologies can be developed. Renewable energy sources emit fewer or no greenhouse gases. These sources are discussed in the chapter Natural Resources . | B: renewable. |
Stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence, fusing hydrogen into what?
Here are the choices:
A. neon
B. nitrogen
C. helium
D. carbon | Stars spend most of their lives on the main sequence, fusing hydrogen into helium. | C: helium. |
What is a measure of how hot or cold the air is?
Here are the choices:
A. variation
B. precipitation
C. relativity
D. temperature | D: temperature. | |
Where are more of an insect's internal organs kept?
Here are the choices:
A. the chest cavity
B. the thorax
C. the head
D. the abdomen | An insect’s abdomen contains most of the internal organs. Like other arthropods, insects have a complete digestive system. They also have an open circulatory system and central nervous system. Like other terrestrial arthropods, they have trachea for breathing air and Malphigian tubules for excretion. | D: the abdomen. |
What is the measure of kinetic energy of the particles in matter?
Here are the choices:
A. energy
B. temperature
C. friction
D. precipitation | Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in matter. In everyday usage, temperature indicates a measure of how hot or cold an object is. Temperature is an important parameter in chemistry. When a substance changes from solid to liquid, it is because there was an increase in the temperature... | B: temperature. |
What is the name for the tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles?
Here are the choices:
A. alveoli
B. ganglion
C. vacuoles
D. gills | Finally, air passes from the bronchi into smaller passages called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli. | A: alveoli. |
What is the source of most of the energy used?
Here are the choices:
A. the Earth
B. the sun
C. fossil fuels
D. the Moon | The Sun produces far more energy than humans can use. The Sun is also the source of most of the energy we use. Fossil fuels and wind energy, for example, originate with the Sun. So why don't we get all our energy from the Sun? For one reason, it's not always practical. | B: the sun. |
What flows across the membrane resulting in changes in the membrane potential?
Here are the choices:
A. neutrons
B. acids
C. ions
D. electrons | C: ions. | |
The standard reduction potential can be determined by subtracting the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at the anode from the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at this?
Here are the choices:
A. cathode
B. plasma
C. electrode
D. Spinner | The standard reduction potential can be determined by subtracting the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at the anode from the standard reduction potential for the reaction occurring at the cathode. The minus sign is necessary because oxidation is the reverse of reduction. E°cell = E°cathode − E°an... | A: cathode. |
What are proteins made up of?
Here are the choices:
A. atoms acids
B. lewis acids
C. detected acids
D. amino acids | Proteins are formed when hundreds or even thousands of amino acids form amide bonds to make polymers. Proteins play a crucial role in living organisms. A carbohydrate is a compound that has the general formula Cn(H2O)n. Many carbohydrates are relatively small molecules, such as glucose:. | D: amino acids. |
What proteins synthesized in cells act as catalysts?
Here are the choices:
A. byproducts
B. virophages
C. enzymes
D. hormones | Chemical reactions constantly occur inside the cells of living things. However, under the conditions inside cells, most biochemical reactions would occur too slowly to maintain life. That’s where enzymes come in. Enzymes are catalysts in living things. Like other catalysts, they speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes are... | C: enzymes. |
What element is the sun mostly made up of?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen
B. manganese
C. mercury
D. helium | The Sun is mostly hydrogen with smaller amounts of helium. The material is in the form of plasma. | A: hydrogen. |
What shape is the gametophyte in ferns?
Here are the choices:
A. heart-shaped
B. circular
C. diamond
D. rectangular | In ferns, the sporophyte is dominant and produces spores that germinate into a heart-shaped gametophyte. | A: heart-shaped. |
What makes sunsets appear red?
Here are the choices:
A. reflection scattering
B. floral scattering
C. rayleigh scattering
D. wavelength scattering | Beautiful sunsets are another manifestation of Rayleigh scattering that occurs when light travels long distances through the atmosphere. The blue light and some green is scattered away, making the sun appear red. | C: rayleigh scattering. |
Skeletal and muscular are examples of what type of system?
Here are the choices:
A. interior system
B. organ system
C. shell system
D. internal system | Organs are organized into organ systems such as the skeletal and muscular systems. | B: organ system. |
What is the process where light bounces back from surfaces that it cannot pass through?
Here are the choices:
A. diffraction
B. direction
C. absorbtion
D. reflection | Reflection of light occurs when light bounces back from a surface that it cannot pass through. If the surface is very smooth, the reflected light forms an image. | D: reflection. |
What are butterflies and bees an example of?
Here are the choices:
A. pollinators
B. spores
C. species
D. parasites | A: pollinators. | |
What are clouds that form on the ground called?
Here are the choices:
A. haze
B. fog
C. canopy
D. smoke | Clouds form when air in the atmosphere reaches the dew point. Clouds may form anywhere in the troposphere. Clouds that form on the ground are called fog . | B: fog. |
What is formed when atoms of different elements bond together?
Here are the choices:
A. duality compound
B. univalent compound
C. covalent compound
D. phenotype compound | The two atoms that are held together in a covalent bond may be atoms of the same element or different elements. When atoms of different elements bond together, it forms a covalent compound. | C: covalent compound. |
Where a cell resides, how it appears, and what it does define its what?
Here are the choices:
A. minute race
B. life cycle
C. slowing rate
D. development fate | D: development fate. | |
What can be defined simply, as a change in position?
Here are the choices:
A. gravity
B. velocity
C. speed
D. motion | You can see several examples of people or things in motion in Figure below . You can probably think of many other examples. You know from experience what motion is, so it may seem like a straightforward concept. Motion can also be defined simply, as a change in position. But if you think about examples of motion in mor... | D: motion. |
What are mars' moons thought to be?
Here are the choices:
A. captured asteroids
B. new asteriods
C. guerrillas asteroids
D. common asteriods | Mars has two moons that are thought to be captured asteroids. | A: captured asteroids. |
What is the main greenhouse gas causing global warming?
Here are the choices:
A. nitrogen
B. carbon dioxide
C. carbon monoxide
D. sulfur | Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas causing global warming. There are several possible ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. They include cap-and-trade systems, carbon taxes, and carbon sequestration. | B: carbon dioxide. |
A goiter is a visible indication of deficiency of what?
Here are the choices:
A. water
B. iodine
C. arsenic
D. chlorine | Endocrine System: Iodine Deficiency, Hypothyroidism, and Hyperthyroidism As discussed above, dietary iodine is required for the synthesis of T3 and T4. But for much of the world’s population, foods do not provide adequate levels of this mineral, because the amount varies according to the level in the soil in which the ... | B: iodine. |
Pale skin and reduced eyes in salamanders that live in dark caves are an example of what?
Here are the choices:
A. adaptations
B. interpretation
C. reproduction
D. expansion | Salamanders are found in most moist or arid habitats in the Northern Hemisphere, but can also be found south of the equator. They live on all continents except Antarctica and Australia. Salamanders live in or near water or on moist ground, often in a swamp. Some species live in water most of their life, some live their... | A: adaptations. |
Kidney stones are considered a disease that affects which system?
Here are the choices:
A. digestive system
B. reproductive system
C. muscular system
D. urinary system | Diseases of the urinary system include kidney stones and urinary tract infections. Untreated diabetes may cause kidney failure and the need for hemodialysis or a kidney transplant. | D: urinary system. |
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is called?
Here are the choices:
A. moisture
B. alcohol
C. alkalinity
D. acidity | The strength of acids and bases is determined by the concentration of ions they produce when dissolved in water. The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is called acidity. It is measured by pH. A neutral substance has a pH of 7. An acid has a pH lower than 7, and a base has a pH greater than 7. | D: acidity. |
Within a group, the ionization energy decreases as the size of the atom gets what?
Here are the choices:
A. smaller
B. larger
C. lighter
D. brighter | Within a group, the ionization energy decreases as the size of the atom gets larger. On the graph, we see that the ionization energy increases as we go up the group to smaller atoms. In this situation, the first electron removed is farther from the nucleus as the atomic number (number of protons) increases. Being farth... | B: larger. |
Temperature can affect what attribute of a siamese cat's coat?
Here are the choices:
A. weight
B. color
C. density
D. chemical makeup | Genes play an important part in influencing phenotype, but genes are not the only influence. Environmental conditions, such as temperature and availability of nutrients can affect phenotypes. For example, temperature affects coat color in Siamese cats. | B: color. |
What type of locomotion do humans have?
Here are the choices:
A. elongated
B. quadrupedal
C. crawling
D. bipedal | 34.8 Humans are mammals that have a large brain and bipedal locomotion. | D: bipedal. |
Which equation improves upon the ideal gas law by adding two terms: one to account for the volume of the gas molecules and another for the attractive forces between them?
Here are the choices:
A. van der waals
B. Heidiger's principle
C. Pascal's equation
D. Newton's third law | There are several different equations that better approximate gas behavior than does the ideal gas law. The first, and simplest, of these was developed by the Dutch scientist Johannes van der Waals in 1879. The van der Waals equation improves upon the ideal gas law by adding two terms: one to account for the volume of ... | A: van der waals. |
What do chemical reactions need to be activated?
Here are the choices:
A. space
B. energy
C. food
D. products | Chemical reactions also need energy to be activated. They require a certain amount of energy just to get started. This energy is called activation energy . For example, activation energy is needed to start a car engine. Turning the key causes a spark that activates the burning of gasoline in the engine. The combustion ... | B: energy. |
Compared to thoracic and lumbar types, the cervical type of what structures carry the least amount of body weight?
Here are the choices:
A. ametic
B. nasal
C. vertebrae
D. nuclei | Cervical Vertebrae Typical cervical vertebrae, such as C4 or C5, have several characteristic features that differentiate them from thoracic or lumbar vertebrae (Figure 7.25). Cervical vertebrae have a small body, reflecting the fact that they carry the least amount of body weight. Cervical vertebrae usually have a bifi... | C: vertebrae. |
Many plants generate root pressure during which phase?
Here are the choices:
A. growing season
B. end of life cycle
C. developing season
D. flowering season | A: growing season. | |
The fuel rods are made of a corrosion-resistant alloy that encases the partially enriched uranium fuel; controlled fission of 235u in the fuel produces heat. water surrounds the fuel rods and moderates this?
Here are the choices:
A. thermal energy
B. half-life
C. electromagnetism
D. kinetic energy | The fuel rods are made of a corrosion-resistant alloy that encases the partially enriched uranium fuel; controlled fission of 235U in the fuel produces heat. Water surrounds the fuel rods and moderates the kinetic energy of the. | D: kinetic energy. |
Earthquake waves that travel trhough underground rocks in all directions are known as?
Here are the choices:
A. secondary waves
B. tertiary waves
C. primary waves
D. typical waves | Another example of transverse waves occurs with earthquakes. The disturbance that causes an earthquake sends transverse waves through underground rocks in all directions from the disturbance. Earthquake waves that travel this way are called secondary, or S, waves. An S wave is illustrated in Figure below . | A: secondary waves. |
What is the final product of the calvin cycle?
Here are the choices:
A. chloride
B. sucrose
C. insulin
D. glucose | The final product of the Calvin cycle is glucose. | D: glucose. |
What does an electric conductor cross to generate current?
Here are the choices:
A. magnetic polar waves
B. magnetic field lines
C. magnetic zone waves
D. waves field lines | A changing magnetic field produces an electric current in the process of electromagnetic induction. Current is generated whenever an electric conductor crosses magnetic field lines. | B: magnetic field lines. |
Splitting the nucleus of an atom produces a massive amount of what type of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. nuclear energy
B. sure energy
C. likely energy
D. radioactive energy | Nuclear energy is produced by splitting the nucleus of an atom. This releases a huge amount of energy. | A: nuclear energy. |
What are waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time called?
Here are the choices:
A. combination frequency
B. wave frequency
C. tendency frequency
D. radio frequency | The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is wave frequency . Wave frequency can be measured by counting the number of crests (high points) of waves that pass the fixed point in 1 second or some other time period. The higher the number is, the greater the frequency of the waves. The SI unit ... | B: wave frequency. |
As temperature increases, the solubility of the majority of solid substances does what?
Here are the choices:
A. reduces
B. increases
C. stays the same
D. mutates | The solubility of the majority of solid substances increases as the temperature increases. However, the effect is difficult to predict and varies widely from one solute to another. The temperature dependence of solubility can be visualized with the help of a solubility curve , a graph of the solubility vs. temperature ... | B: increases. |
The process in which animals use visual cues to communicate is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. visual indication
B. peripheral communication
C. visual communication
D. distinctive communication | Visual Communication in Animals. Many animals use visual cues to communicate. | C: visual communication. |
What state is achieved when the forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates?
Here are the choices:
A. constant
B. neutrality
C. equality
D. equilibrium | At equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates. The driving force in each direction is equal, because the free energy of the reactants and products under equilibrium conditions is equivalent (ΔG = 0). We also know that, at equilibrium, Q = K eq . For a reaction that has reached equilibrium, th... | D: equilibrium. |
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