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test · 389k rows

questions stringlengths 37 1.22k	reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀	answers stringlengths 4 138
Hydroelectric power harnesses the energy of what? Here are the choices: A. weather B. water C. air D. heat	Moving water has energy ( Figure above ). That energy is used to make electricity. Hydroelectric power harnesses the energy of water moving down a stream. Hydropower is the most widely used form of renewable energy in the world. This abundant energy source provides almost one fifth of the world’s electricity. The energ...	B: water.
Hydras and sea anemones are examples of what form? Here are the choices: A. anemone B. node C. polyp D. lesions		C: polyp.
Tropical, temperate, continental, and polar are all examples of what? Here are the choices: A. lakes B. climates C. deserts D. land formations	Climate types are based on temperature and precipitation. A major climate type and its living things make up a biome. Climate types include tropical, temperate, continental, and polar climates.	B: climates.
What is a longitudinal, flexible rod located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord? Here are the choices: A. the notochord B. tubular gland C. the oscillatory D. the underlain		A: the notochord.
At high altitudes, acclimatization increases red blood cells, so there is more what to help transport the available oxygen? Here are the choices: A. plasma B. leukocytes C. hemoglobin D. platelets	Acclimatization Especially in situations where the ascent occurs too quickly, traveling to areas of high altitude can cause AMS. Acclimatization is the process of adjustment that the respiratory system makes due to chronic exposure to a high altitude. Over a period of time, the body adjusts to accommodate the lower par...	C: hemoglobin.
What type of systemic response involves lymphocytes? Here are the choices: A. natural B. immune C. inflammation D. chronic	There are two different types of immune responses. Both types involve lymphocytes. However, one type of response involves B cells. The other type involves T cells.	B: immune.
What was the first object to form in the solar system? Here are the choices: A. sun B. jupiter C. earth D. moon	The Sun was the first object to form in the solar system. Gravity pulled matter together to the center of the disk. Density and pressure increased tremendously. Nuclear fusion reactions begin. In these reactions, the nuclei of atoms come together to form new, heavier chemical elements. Fusion reactions release huge amo...	A: sun.
Some materials have negative heats of solution; the dissolution of one of these solutes in water is called? Here are the choices: A. exothermic process B. acetylene process C. ionized process D. endothermic process	Some materials have negative heats of solution; the dissolution of one of these solutes in water is an exothermic process. Heat is released, causing a net increase in the temperature of the solution. Conversely, other substances have positive heats of solution. For example, the dissolution of potassium nitrate in water...	A: exothermic process.
Where are most white blood cells made? Here are the choices: A. lungs B. plasma C. heart tissue D. the bone marrow	White blood cells (WBCs) are usually larger than red blood cells. They do not have hemoglobin and do not carry oxygen. White blood cells make up less than one percent of the blood's volume. Most WBCs are made in the bone marrow, and some mature in the lymphatic system. There are different WBCs with different jobs. WBCs...	D: the bone marrow.
Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, where it is pumped into the what? Here are the choices: A. respiratory system B. kidneys C. pulmonary circuit D. bronchial circulation	Figure 19.4 Dual System of the Human Blood Circulation Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, where it is pumped into the pulmonary circuit. The blood in the pulmonary artery branches is low in oxygen but relatively high in carbon dioxide. Gas exchange occurs in the pulmonary capillaries (oxygen into...	C: pulmonary circuit.
What are the male gametes called? Here are the choices: A. pollen B. urea C. sperm D. cytoplasm	Gametogenesis may differ between males and females. Male gametes are called sperm . Female gametes are called eggs . In human males, for example, the process that produces mature sperm cells is called spermatogenesis . During this process, sperm cells grow a tail and gain the ability to “swim,” like the human sperm cel...	C: sperm.
What in hemoglobin gives red blood cells their red color? Here are the choices: A. barium B. calcium C. iron D. lead	Red blood cells are shaped like flattened disks. There are trillions of red blood cells in your blood. Each red blood cell has millions of molecules of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that contains iron. The iron in hemoglobin gives red blood cells their red color. It also explains how hemoglobin carries oxygen. Th...	C: iron.
Alpha, beta and gamma are three types of what? Here are the choices: A. convection B. mutation C. radiation D. directions	Early researchers in radioactivity found that the emissions from radioactivity could be classified into three distinct types according to their penetrating power. One type of radiation could barely penetrate a sheet of paper. The second type could pass through as much as 3 mm of aluminum. The third type was extremely p...	C: radiation.
Red-green colorblindness is an example of what kind of trait? Here are the choices: A. dominant B. sex-linked C. adaptive D. fatal	One example of a sex-linked trait is red-green colorblindness. People with this type of colorblindness cannot tell the difference between red and green. They often see these colors as shades of brown ( Figure below ). Boys are much more likely to be colorblind than girls ( Table below ). This is because colorblindness ...	B: sex-linked.
What kind of radiation is greatest at the equator and lessens toward the poles? Here are the choices: A. lunar raditation B. solar radiation C. small radiation D. large radiation	The amount of solar radiation a place receives is greatest at the Equator and lessens toward the poles.	B: solar radiation.
What are atoms or groups of atoms called which carry and electrical charge? Here are the choices: A. protons B. molecules C. ions D. electrons	Atoms or groups of atoms that carry an overall electrical charge are referred to as ions. Cations can be formed when a neutral species loses electrons, while anions are formed when a neutral species gains electrons.	C: ions.
What are the salts of fatty acids called? Here are the choices: A. malts B. creams C. dyes D. soaps	Soaps and Detergents Pioneers made soap by boiling fats with a strongly basic solution made by leaching potassium carbonate, K2CO3, from wood ashes with hot water. Animal fats contain polyesters of fatty acids (long-chain carboxylic acids). When animal fats are treated with a base like potassium carbonate or sodium hyd...	D: soaps.
What type of numbers specify the arrangement of electrons in orbitals? Here are the choices: A. stream numbers B. ionic numbers C. fusion numbers D. quantum numbers	Quantum numbers specify the arrangements of electrons in orbitals.	D: quantum numbers.
What do atoms become if they lose or gain electrons? Here are the choices: A. ions B. particles C. toxins D. particulates	Atoms are electrically neutral, but if they lose or gain electrons they become charged particles called ions.	A: ions.
What is the breakdown of unstable elements into stable elements called? Here are the choices: A. initial decay B. radioactive decay C. radioactive decrease D. thermal decay	Radioactive decay is the breakdown of unstable elements into stable elements. To understand this process, recall that the atoms of all elements contain the particles protons, neutrons, and electrons.	B: radioactive decay.
Observations suggest that a force applied to an object is always applied by what? Here are the choices: A. itself B. dark matter C. another object D. gravity	Where do forces come from? Observations suggest that a force applied to an object is always applied by another object. A hammer strikes a nail, a car pulls a trailer, and a person pushes a grocery cart. Newton realized that forces are not so one-sided. When the hammer exerts a force on the nail, the nail also exerts a ...	C: another object.
How much exercise should a person ideally get during a single day? Here are the choices: A. hour B. fifteen minutes C. three hours D. six hours	Physical activity is an important part of balanced eating. It helps you use up any extra Calories in the foods you eat. You should try to get at least an hour of exercise just about every day (see Figure below ). Exercise has many health benefits in addition to balancing the energy in food. For example, it strengthens ...	A: hour.
The electrolysis of what substance produces hydrogen and oxygen gases Here are the choices: A. carbon dioxide B. water C. cholesterol D. hydrocarbon	The electrolysis of water produces hydrogen and oxygen gases. The electrolytic cell consists of a pair of platinum electrodes immersed in water containing a small amount of an electrolyte, such as H 2 SO 4 . The electrolyte is necessary because pure water does not contain enough ions to effectively conduct a current. A...	B: water.
What is the shorter loop of the cardiovascular system? Here are the choices: A. pulmonary edema B. venous circulation C. pulmonary circulation D. metabolic circulation	Pulmonary circulation is the shorter loop of the cardiovascular system. It carries blood between the heart and lungs. Oxygen-poor blood flows from the heart to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Then the oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart.	C: pulmonary circulation.
What is the first classification of igneous rocks? Here are the choices: A. color B. weight C. composition D. size	Igneous rocks are classified first by composition. Categories go from from felsic to ultramafic. Color can indicate composition.	C: composition.
What is the very slow movement of rock and soil down a hillside? Here are the choices: A. drop B. evaporate C. creep D. landslide	Creep is the very slow movement of rock and soil down a hillside. Creep occurs so slowly you can’t see it happening. You can only see the effects of creep after years of movement. This is illustrated in Figure below . The slowly moving ground causes trees, fence posts, and other structures on the surface to tilt downhi...	C: creep.
Which type of pressure forces fluid out of the capillary? Here are the choices: A. combustion B. gas C. hydrostatic D. air	Osmotic Pressure The net pressure that drives reabsorption—the movement of fluid from the interstitial fluid back into the capillaries—is called osmotic pressure (sometimes referred to as oncotic pressure). Whereas hydrostatic pressure forces fluid out of the capillary, osmotic pressure draws fluid back in. Osmotic pre...	C: hydrostatic.
What hits the eardrum and causes it to vibrate? Here are the choices: A. sound waves B. microwaves C. decibels D. cilia	The eardrum is like the head of a drum. It is a thin membrane stretched tight across the end of the ear canal. The eardrum vibrates when sound waves strike it, and it sends the vibrations on to the middle ear.	A: sound waves.
What type of ecologists work to identify and manipulate the processes that most limit recovery of ecosystems from disturbances? Here are the choices: A. quality ecologists B. restoration ecologists C. environmental D. conservation ecologists		B: restoration ecologists.
Name the two types of nucleic acids. Here are the choices: A. dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) and rna (ribonucleic acid) B. isoleucin and leucine C. lysine and methionine D. dna ( trigraph acid ) and rna ( ribonucleic acid )	Living cells need organic molecules, known as nucleic acids . Nucleic acids are molecules that store genetic information. They pass that genetic information to the next generation. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the nucleic acid that carries information for nearly all living cells today. DNA has done this for most of E...	A: dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) and rna (ribonucleic acid).
Interactions between plants and other organisms result in cycling of chemical nutrients within what? Here are the choices: A. habitat B. water C. ecosystem D. air		C: ecosystem.
In places where crops grow only during part of the year, the land may be bare for a few? Here are the choices: A. weeks B. minutes C. days D. months	The problem doesn’t stop with plowing. Crops are usually planted in rows, with bare soil in between the rows. In places where crops grow only during part of the year, the land may be bare for a few months.	D: months.
What does bowman's capsule form by surrounding the glomerulus? Here are the choices: A. pores B. lumen C. lipids D. ions	Renal Corpuscle As discussed earlier, the renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus that is largely surrounded by Bowman’s (glomerular) capsule. The glomerulus is a high-pressure capillary bed between afferent and efferent arterioles. Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerulus to form a lum...	B: lumen.
What do scientists use to help explain objects or systems in simpler ways? Here are the choices: A. measurements B. plants C. models D. theories	Scientists use models to help them understand and explain ideas. Models explain objects or systems in a more simple way. Models often only show only a part of a system. The real situation is more complicated. Models help scientists to make predictions about complex systems. Some models are something that you can see or...	C: models.
Burning trees produces most of the same pollutants as burning what? Here are the choices: A. carbon B. coal fuels C. fossil compounds D. fossil fuels	Millions of acres of forest have been cut and burned to make way for farming. Figure below shows an example. Burning trees produces most of the same pollutants as burning fossil fuels.	D: fossil fuels.
During which process in bacteria do the chromosome replicates and the two daughter chromosomes actively move apart? Here are the choices: A. secondary fission B. matter fission C. binary fission D. function fission		C: binary fission.
What is emitted by atoms that have been excited by thermal excitation, electron collision, or collisions with photons of exactly the right frequency? Here are the choices: A. electricity B. radioactivity C. light D. gravity	Light is emitted by atoms that have been excited by thermal excitation, electron collision, or collisions with photons of exactly the right frequency. Light is emitted by an incandescent source at many different wavelengths and in all directions. Light produced by an atomic gas consists of only a few different waveleng...	C: light.
Translation is the process of ordering the amino acids in the assembly of a? Here are the choices: A. carbohydrate B. vitamin C. protein D. lipid	Translation is the process of ordering the amino acids in the assembly of a protein. The word ribosome comes from ribo nucleic acid and the Greek soma (meaning body). Two Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work relating to the ribosome. The 1974 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Albert Claude, Christ...	C: protein.
What is the name of the group that rats are apart of called? Here are the choices: A. Animals B. Mammels C. primates D. rodents	Rats are mammals, but this class can be divided into more specific groups. Rats are in a group known as rodents. Rodents are gnawing animals that include beavers, mice, and squirrels.	D: rodents.
Fertilization occurs when what material from one flower reaches the female gametes in the same or a different flower? Here are the choices: A. ova B. nitrogen C. pollen D. sperm	Pea plants reproduce sexually. The male gametes are released by tiny grains of pollen. The female gametes lie deep within the flowers. Fertilization occurs when pollen from one flower reaches the female gametes in the same or a different flower. This is called pollination . Mendel was able to control which plants polli...	C: pollen.
What are the tiny packets of energy the sun gives off called? Here are the choices: A. electrons B. photons C. neutrons D. ions	The Sun gives off energy in tiny packets called photons . Photons travel in waves. Figure below models a wave of light. Notice the wavelength in the figure. Waves with shorter wavelengths have more energy.	B: photons.
In humans, each set of chromosomes contains 22 of these and 1 sex chromosome? Here are the choices: A. genes B. autosomes C. centrosomes D. chromatids	In humans, each set of chromosomes contains 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome . Autosomes are chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual. The sex chromosomes contain genes that determine the sex of an individual.	B: autosomes.
What eukaryotic organisms cannot make their own food and do not technically eat? Here are the choices: A. plankton B. fungi C. proteins D. cells	Protists and Fungi are two types of eukaryotic organisms. What do they have in common? Protists are the earliest eukaryotes, and this kingdom contains some of the simplest eukaryotes. Many are single-celled organisms. Protists consist of animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like species. Protists evolved into the other ...	B: fungi.
What do ants and termites eat to help them digest wood and leaves? Here are the choices: A. berries B. fungi C. pollen D. yeast	Ants and termites grow fungi in underground “fungus gardens” that they create. When the ants or termites have eaten a big meal of wood or leaves, they also eat some fungi from their gardens. The fungi help them digest the wood or leaves. The fungi secrete certain enzymes that the ants or termites cannot produce on thei...	B: fungi.
How many types of glands does the dermis contain? Here are the choices: A. two B. ten C. three D. six	The dermis also contains hair follicles and two types of glands. You can see some of these structures in Figure below .	A: two.
What is an upward force that fluids exert on any object that is placed in them? Here are the choices: A. efficient force B. warm force C. buoyant force D. gravity force	Buoyant force is an upward force that fluids exert on any object that is placed in them. The ability of fluids to exert this force is called buoyancy . What explains buoyant force? A fluid exerts pressure in all directions, but the pressure is greater at greater depth. Therefore, the fluid below an object, where the fl...	C: buoyant force.
Atmospheric pressure is increased, causing a greater amount of oxygen than normal to diffuse into the bloodstream of the patient, in what type of therapy? Here are the choices: A. Distinct Chamber Therapy B. hyperbaric chamber therapy C. ventilation chamber therapy D. politic chamber therapy	Hyperbaric chamber treatment is based on the behavior of gases. As you recall, gases move from a region of higher partial pressure to a region of lower partial pressure. In a hyperbaric chamber, the atmospheric pressure is increased, causing a greater amount of oxygen than normal to diffuse into the bloodstream of the ...	B: hyperbaric chamber therapy.
An axe head and a doorstop are types of what simple machine? Here are the choices: A. pulley B. lever C. wedge D. blade	The axe head and the doorstop are both examples of a wedge, a type of simple machine.	C: wedge.
Dna encodes instructions for what kind of molecules? Here are the choices: A. cells B. fats C. proteins D. acids	DNA encodes instructions for proteins. RNA copies the genetic code in DNA and carries it to a ribosome. There, amino acids are joined together in the correct sequence to make a protein.	C: proteins.
Who coined the term natural selection? Here are the choices: A. Mendel B. darwin C. Pasteur D. shaw	Darwin coined the term fitness to refer to an organism’s relative ability to survive and produce fertile offspring. Nature selects the variations that are most useful. Therefore, he called this type of selection natural selection .	B: darwin.
When sand is deposited along a shoreline, what is created? Here are the choices: A. dunes B. island C. beach D. bay	Sand deposited along a shoreline creates a beach.	C: beach.
Prosimians are thought to be more similar to the earliest of these? Here are the choices: A. fish B. rodents C. primates D. insects	Primates called prosimians are generally smaller. There are also far fewer of them. Prosimians include lemurs, such as the mouse lemur in Figure above , and lorises. Prosimians are thought to be more similar to the earliest primates.	C: primates.
What arteries carry oxygen-poor blood away from the heart to the lungs? Here are the choices: A. subclavian B. aorta C. femoral D. pulmonary	There are specific veins and arteries that are more significant than others. The pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood away from the heart to the lungs. These are the only arteries that carry oxygen-poor blood. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.	D: pulmonary.
What are the mass of threadlike filaments on the body of a fungus called? Here are the choices: A. cuticle B. dendrites C. hyphae D. cytoplasm	body of a fungus that consists of a mass of threadlike filaments called hyphae.	C: hyphae.
Ionic bonds between two atoms require one metal and one what? Here are the choices: A. metallic B. gas C. nonmetal D. liquid	Ionic bonds tend to form between atoms for which the electronegativity differences are 2.0 and above. In general, ionic bonds between two atoms require one metal and one nonmetal.	C: nonmetal.
The pressurized gas of earth's atmosphere is contained by what force? Here are the choices: A. variation B. light C. gravity D. plasma	All gases exert pressure; it is one of the fundamental measurable quantities of this phase of matter. Even our atmosphere exerts pressure—in this case, the gas is being “held in” by the earth’s gravity, rather than the gas being in a container. The pressure of the atmosphere is about 14.7 pounds of force for every squa...	C: gravity.
Cytokinins promote cell division and prevent what? Here are the choices: A. apoptosis B. mutations C. senescence D. deficiency	Cytokinins Promote cell division; prevent senescence.	C: senescence.
Dna transcription is controlled by what type of proteins? Here are the choices: A. essential B. digested C. genetic D. regulatory	As shown in Figure below , transcription is controlled by regulatory proteins . The proteins bind to regions of DNA, called regulatory elements , which are located near promoters. After regulatory proteins bind to regulatory elements, they can interact with RNA polymerase, the enzyme that transcribes DNA to mRNA. Regul...	D: regulatory.
Tubeworms deep in the galapagos rift get their energy from what type of bacteria? Here are the choices: A. asexual B. filamentous C. sprillia D. chemosynthetic	Tubeworms deep in the Galapagos Rift get their energy from chemosynthetic bacteria. Tubeworms have no mouth, eyes, or stomach. Their survival depends on a symbiotic relationship with the billions of bacteria that live inside them. These bacteria convert the chemicals that shoot out of the hydrothermal vents into food f...	D: chemosynthetic.
When female mammalian embryos consist of just a few thousand cells, one x chromosome in each cell inactivates by condensing into a structure called what? Here are the choices: A. barr body B. morton body C. lewy's body D. baker body	Humans display dramatic deleterious effects with autosomal trisomies and monosomies. Therefore, it may seem counterintuitive that human females and males can function normally, despite carrying different numbers of the X chromosome. In part, this occurs because of a process called X inactivation. Early in development, ...	A: barr body.
Oceans are divided into zones bases on distance from shore and what other factor? Here are the choices: A. salinity B. temperature C. water depth D. animal species	In addition to the amount of salts, other conditions in ocean water vary from place to place. One is the amount of nutrients in the water. Another is the amount of sunlight that reaches the water. These conditions depend mainly on two factors: distance from shore and depth of water. Oceans are divided into zones ( Figu...	C: water depth.
If a mistake is made by dna polymerase while adding nucleotides, incorrect bases are removed and replaced by the correct base, and the process of what continues? Here are the choices: A. polymerization B. digestion C. hybridization D. fermentation	DNA Repair DNA polymerase can make mistakes while adding nucleotides. It edits the DNA by proofreading every newly added base. Incorrect bases are removed and replaced by the correct base, and then polymerization continues (Figure 9.13a). Most mistakes are corrected during replication, although when this does not happe...	A: polymerization.
The common earthworm and leeches are examples of what type of worm? Here are the choices: A. elongated B. segmented C. castrated D. encapsulated	Segmented worms include the common earthworm and leeches.	B: segmented.
Elements involved in nuclear reactions are what? Here are the choices: A. inert B. static C. radioactive D. detectable	Elements involved in nuclear reactions are radioactive. How do you think radioactive elements differ from other elements?.	C: radioactive.
Circadian rhythms and migration are examples of what kind of behaviors in animals? Here are the choices: A. finite B. cyclic C. continual D. fluid	Many animal behaviors occur in a regular cycle. Two types of cyclic behaviors are circadian rhythms and migration.	B: cyclic.
The articular cartilage is thickest in the upper and back part of the acetabulum, the socket portion of what? Here are the choices: A. hip joint B. kneecap C. shoulder joint D. elbow	Chapter 9 1 Although they are still growing, the carpal bones of the wrist area do not show an epiphyseal plate. Instead of elongating, these bones grow in diameter by adding new bone to their surfaces. 3 Gout is due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the body. Usually these accumulate within joints, causing ...	A: hip joint.
What are decomposers that feed on the organic matter left over from other decomposers? Here are the choices: A. protozoa B. saprotrophs C. algae D. fungi	Saprotrophs are decomposers that feed on any remaining organic matter that is left after other decomposers do their work. Examples of saprotrophs include fungi and protozoa.	B: saprotrophs.
Heavier isotopes of plutonium are also produced when lighter plutonium nuclei capture what? Here are the choices: A. electrons B. molecules C. protons D. neutrons	Heavier isotopes of plutonium—Pu-240, Pu-241, and Pu-242—are also produced when lighter plutonium nuclei capture neutrons. Some of this highly radioactive plutonium is used to produce military weapons, and the rest presents a serious storage problem because they have half-lives from thousands to hundreds of thousands o...	D: neutrons.
What parts of the cell does cell differentiation involve changes in? Here are the choices: A. cell membrane and nucleus B. cystine and cell wall C. endoderm and epidermis D. cytoplasm and cell wall		D: cytoplasm and cell wall.
The head, thorax, and abdomen comprise what type of body structure, possessed by arthropods? Here are the choices: A. vertebrate B. elongated C. segmented D. permeable	Arthropods range in length from about 1 millimeter (0.04 inches) to 4 meters (about 13 feet). They have a segmented body with a hard exoskeleton. They also have jointed appendages. The body segments are the head, thorax, and abdomen (see Figure below ). In some arthropods, the head and thorax are joined together as a c...	C: segmented.
The renal hilum is the entry and exit site for structures servicing which organs? Here are the choices: A. kidneys B. ovaries C. lungs D. brains	Renal Hilum The renal hilum is the entry and exit site for structures servicing the kidneys: vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and ureters. The medial-facing hila are tucked into the sweeping convex outline of the cortex. Emerging from the hilum is the renal pelvis, which is formed from the major and minor calyxes in the ki...	A: kidneys.
Photosynthesis changes light energy to what type of energy? Here are the choices: A. potential B. radiation C. solar D. chemical	Photosynthesis changes light energy to chemical energy. The chemical energy is stored in the bonds of glucose molecules. Glucose is used for energy by the cells of almost all living things. Plants make their own glucose. Other organisms get glucose by consuming plants (or organisms that consume plants). How do living t...	D: chemical.
Fructose and lactose are types of sugars broken down by the body to form what, which is the simplest sugar of all? Here are the choices: A. glucose B. glutamate C. sucrose D. carbohydrate	Sugars are small, simple carbohydrates that are found in foods such as fruits and milk. The sugar found in fruits is called fructose. The sugar found in milk is called lactose. These sugars are broken down by the body to form glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ), the simplest sugar of all.	A: glucose.
A complementary pair of chromosomes have genes for the same characteristics in the same location on the chromosome are known as? Here are the choices: A. analogous chromosomes B. homologous chromosomes C. endroctyne chromosomes D. symbiotic chromosomes	From Genotype to Phenotype Each human body cell has a full complement of DNA stored in 23 pairs of chromosomes. Figure 28.24 shows the pairs in a systematic arrangement called a karyotype. Among these is one pair of chromosomes, called the sex chromosomes, that determines the sex of the individual (XX in females, XY in...	B: homologous chromosomes.
What dangerous oxygen compound is found in ground level smog? Here are the choices: A. ozone B. sulfur dioxide C. neon D. argon	Photochemical smog consists mainly of ozone (O 3 ). The ozone in smog is the same compound as the ozone in the ozone layer,(O 3 ). But ozone in smog is found near the ground. Figure below shows how it forms. When nitrogen oxides and VOCs are heated by the Sun, they lose oxygen atoms. The oxygen atoms combine with molec...	A: ozone.
Large increases in the diversity of life have resulted from adaptive radiations that followed what? Here are the choices: A. mass mutations B. glaciers C. mass migrations D. mass extinctions		D: mass extinctions.
What is the source of most electricity? Here are the choices: A. the Sun B. air C. methane D. coal	Coal is the source of most electricity.	D: coal.
What kind of motion characterizes waves? Here are the choices: A. round B. repetitive C. bending D. breathing	Waves are characterized by their repetitive motion. Imagine a toy boat riding the waves in a wave pool. As the water wave passes under the boat, it moves up and down in a regular and repeated fashion. While the wave travels horizontally, the boat only travels vertically up and down. The Figure below shows two examples ...	B: repetitive.
Light reactions occur during which stage of photosynthesis? Here are the choices: A. intermediate stage B. final stage C. third stage D. first stage	The light reactions occur in the first stage of photosynthesis. This stage takes place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. In the light reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll. This energy is temporarily transferred to two molecules: ATP and NADPH. These molecules are used to store the ene...	D: first stage.
What is used to measure, in degrees, the distance north or south of the equater? Here are the choices: A. magnitude B. equator C. latitude D. elevation	Latitude is the distance north or south of the Equator. It’s measured in degrees, from 0° to 90°. Several climate factors vary with latitude.	C: latitude.
Radiation can be absorbed or shielded by materials, particularly what material used to make protective aprons worn by x-ray administrators? Here are the choices: A. steel B. cotton C. lead D. carbon	Radiation can be absorbed or shielded by materials, such as the lead aprons dentists drape on us when taking x rays. Lead is a particularly effective shield compared with other materials, such as plastic or air. How does the range of radiation depend on material? Ionizing radiation interacts best with charged particles...	C: lead.
What is the name for something that consists of all the population in a given area together with the nonliving environment? Here are the choices: A. web B. ecosystem C. habitat D. totality	An ecosystem consists of all the populations in a given area, together with the nonliving environment.	B: ecosystem.
The amniotic egg first evolved in what species? Here are the choices: A. reptiles B. amphibians C. birds D. mammals	Amniotic Egg. The amniotic egg is an important adaptation in fully terrestrial vertebrates. It first evolved in reptiles. The shells of reptile eggs are either hard or leathery.	A: reptiles.
A largemouth bass is an example of a cold-blooded animal that conforms to what aspect of the lake it inhabits? Here are the choices: A. temperature B. precipitation C. oxygen D. depth		A: temperature.
What makes up the mass number of an atom? Here are the choices: A. molecules and electrons B. atoms and neutrons C. protons and neutrons D. electrons and neutrons	The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom. For example, most atoms of helium have 2 neutrons, so their mass number is 2 + 2 = 4. This mass number means that an atom of helium has a mass of about 4 amu.	C: protons and neutrons.
Clubmosses are not true mosses, though, because they have what? Here are the choices: A. hydrothermal tissue B. vascular tissue C. cambrium D. smooth tissue	Clubmosses are so named because they can look similar to mosses ( Figure below ). Clubmosses are not true mosses, though, because they have vascular tissue. The “club” part of the name comes from club-like clusters of sporangia found on the plants. One type of clubmoss is called the "resurrection plant" because it shri...	B: vascular tissue.
Europa and titan are names of what kind of celestial objects? Here are the choices: A. moons B. galaxies C. asteroids D. stars	Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, is about one and a half times the size of Earth’s moon. Titan is even larger than the planet Mercury. The picture below compares the size of Titan to Earth ( Figure below ). Scientists are very interested in Titan. The moon has an atmosphere that is thought to be like Earth’s first atmosph...	A: moons.
What develops in depressions where water flow is low or nonexistent? Here are the choices: A. sinkholes B. bogs C. swamps D. ponds	Freshwater marshes and swamps are characterized by slow and steady water flow. Bogs develop in depressions where water flow is low or nonexistent. Bogs usually occur in areas where there is a clay bottom with poor percolation. Percolation is the movement of water through the pores in the soil or rocks. The water found ...	B: bogs.
All prokaryotic and some eukaryotic organisms reproduce through what method, where a parent passes all of its genetic material to the next generation? Here are the choices: A. asexual reproduction B. organic reproduction C. sexual reproduction D. microscopic reproduction	Are there male and female bacteria? How could you tell? Remember, bacteria have just one chromosome; they do not have an X or Y chromosome. So they probably have a very simplified form of reproduction. Asexual reproduction, the simplest and most primitive method of reproduction, involves a single parent and produces a ...	A: asexual reproduction.
Where does photosynthesis occur in plants? Here are the choices: A. golgi bodies B. cell membrane C. in chloroplasts D. nucleus	Figure 8.6 Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, which have an outer membrane and an inner membrane. Stacks of thylakoids called grana form a third membrane layer.	C: in chloroplasts.
What is defined as force per unit area? Here are the choices: A. resistance B. energy C. pressure D. momentum	Pressure is defined as force per unit area, .	C: pressure.
What word describes a change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience? Here are the choices: A. applying B. heredity C. learning D. taking	Learning is a change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.	C: learning.
What term means the abnormal or excessive extension of a joint - particularly a hinged joint - beyond its normal range of motion, thus resulting in injury? Here are the choices: A. tear B. hyperextension C. hypercorrection D. sprain	These include anterior-posterior movements of the arm at the shoulder, the forearm at the elbow, the hand at the wrist, and the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. For the thumb, extension moves the thumb away from the palm of the hand, within the same plane as the palm, while flexion brings ...	B: hyperextension.
Burning of methane is a type of what, which involves the breaking and forming of bonds? Here are the choices: A. chemical reaction B. physical reaction C. liquid reaction D. toxic reaction	An example of a chemical reaction is the burning of methane. In this chemical reaction, the reactants are methane (CH 4 ) and oxygen (O 2 ), and the products are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O). A chemical reaction involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. When methane burns, bonds break in the meth...	A: chemical reaction.
Transparent, translucent, or opaque are properties of matter based on an interaction with what? Here are the choices: A. light B. gravity C. air D. electricity	Matter can be classified on the basis of its interactions with light. Matter may be transparent, translucent, or opaque. An example of each type of matter is pictured in the Figure below .	A: light.
Hydrogen sulfide is a noxious and toxic gas produced from decaying organic matter that contains what? Here are the choices: A. tin B. sulfur C. helium D. methane	Hydrogen sulfide is a noxious and toxic gas produced from decaying organic matter that contains sulfur. A lethal concentration in rats corresponds to an inhaled dose of 715 molecules per million molecules of air. How many molecules does this correspond to per mole of air? How many moles of hydrogen sulfide does this co...	B: sulfur.
What is the name of the body system that fights to protect the body from specific pathogens? Here are the choices: A. allergic response B. infectious system C. warning system D. immune system	The immune system is the body system that fights to protect the body from specific pathogens. The immune system’s specific reaction to a pathogen is called an immune response. The immune system includes several organs and a system of vessels that carry lymph.	D: immune system.
Incomplete dominance and epistasis are both terms that define what? Here are the choices: A. genetic relationships B. genetic habits C. learned behaviors D. genetic difficulties		A: genetic relationships.
What branch of biology focuses on heredity? Here are the choices: A. zoology B. cell biology C. botany D. genetics	When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, the reaction bubbles vigorously as hydrogen gas is produced. The production of a gas is also an indication that a chemical reaction is occurring.	D: genetics.
The axon contains microtubules and neurofilaments that are bounded by a plasma membrane known as what? Here are the choices: A. axolemma B. xerophyte C. axolenon D. exolemal	View the University of Michigan WebScope at http://virtualslides. umich. edu/Histology/EMsmallCharts/ 3%20Image%20Scope%20finals/054%20-%20Peripheral%20nerve_001. svs/view. apml?listview=1& (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/nervefiber) to see an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a myelinated nerve fiber. The axon ...	A: axolemma.

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