questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What are 3 types of light?
Here are the choices:
A. complementary, incandescent, fluorescent
B. solar , visible , ultraviolet
C. infrared, visible, ultraviolet
D. diffuse, ambient, opaque | Electromagnetic waves that are commonly called light fall roughly in the middle of the electromagnetic spectrum. Light includes infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet light. | C: infrared, visible, ultraviolet. |
What is an interation between organisms or species for the same resources in an enviroment is called?
Here are the choices:
A. opposition
B. rivalry
C. competition
D. contention | Competition is as an interaction between organisms or species for the same resources in an environment. | C: competition. |
What type of organism, including sea stars and sand dollars, is named for their spiny skin?
Here are the choices:
A. diatoms
B. mollusks
C. echinoderms
D. chordates | Echinoderms are named for their “spiny skin. ” However, the spines aren’t on their skin. They are part of the endoskeleton. The endoskeleton consists of calcium carbonate plates and spines, covered by a thin layer of skin. Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry. This is easy to see in the sea star and sand dollar in Fi... | C: echinoderms. |
What is the term for a disease that is not contagious?
Here are the choices:
A. common cold
B. uncultured disease
C. benign
D. noninfectious disease | Not all diseases are contagious. A disease that is not contagious is called a noninfectious disease. These diseases are not caused by pathogens. Instead, they are likely to have causes such as lifestyle factors, environmental toxins, or gene mutations. Common types of noninfectious diseases include cancer, diabetes, an... | D: noninfectious disease. |
Red bone marrow, tonsils, spleen, and thymus gland are considered organs of what system?
Here are the choices:
A. endocrine
B. circulatory
C. lymphatic
D. nervous | The lymph organs are the red bone marrow , tonsils , spleen , and thymus gland . They are described below ( Figure below ). | C: lymphatic. |
What is it called when you touch a charged object to the earth?
Here are the choices:
A. grounding
B. dispersion
C. charging
D. cooling | The earth is also a conductor. Touching a charged object to the earth is called grounding . When you touch a conductor to the earth, you allow the earth to share the charge. Since the earth is billions of times bigger than the object, the earth takes nearly all of the charge. The charged object that was grounded now ha... | A: grounding. |
What is the basic unit of structure and function of living things?
Here are the choices:
A. atom
B. particle
C. cell
D. molecule | All forms of life are built of cells. A cell is the basic unit of the structure and function of living things. | C: cell. |
What are the three types of symbiotic relationships?
Here are the choices:
A. altruism, conservatism, communalism
B. mutualism, communalism, parasitism
C. pledgism, truism, greenism
D. symbiosis , communalism , parasitism | Symbiosis describes a close and long-term relationship between different species. At least one species will benefit in a symbiotic relationship. These relationships are often necessary for the survival of one or both organisms. There are three types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, communalism, and parasitism. | B: mutualism, communalism, parasitism. |
What is the name of the major components of cell membranes called?
Here are the choices:
A. phospholipids
B. antibodies
C. cytoplasm
D. eukaryotes | Phospholipids are the major components of cell membranes. | A: phospholipids. |
What organ breaks down excess amino acids and toxins in the blood?
Here are the choices:
A. kidney
B. liver
C. lungs
D. heart | Salamanders can breathe with the help of gills, lungs, or their skin surface. | B: liver. |
What do wavelengths measure the size of?
Here are the choices:
A. waves
B. winds
C. tides
D. fossils | Wavelength is one way of measuring the size of waves. It is the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves, and it is usually measured in meters. How it is measured is a little different for transverse and longitudinal waves. | A: waves. |
Lava flows from a volcano and hardens into what?
Here are the choices:
A. rock
B. life
C. sand
D. snow | lava flows from a volcano and hardens into rock. | A: rock. |
What is the term for coiled structures made of dna and proteins?
Here are the choices:
A. nodes
B. chromosomes
C. platelets
D. neutrons | Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins. Chromosomes are the form of the genetic material of a cell during cell division. During other phases of the cell cycle, DNA is not coiled into chromosomes. Instead, it exists as a grainy material called chromatin . | B: chromosomes. |
Archaeans produce what kind of gas as a waste product?
Here are the choices:
A. carbon monoxide
B. sulfide
C. carbon dioxide
D. methane | Many archaeans live in close relationships with other organisms. For example, large numbers live inside animals, including humans. Unlike many bacteria, archaeans don't harm their hosts. None of them is known to cause human disease. Archaeans are more likely to help their hosts. For example, archaeans called methanogen... | D: methane. |
The mole fraction of the solvent is just one minus the mole fraction of what?
Here are the choices:
A. solution
B. nutrients
C. molecules
D. solute | The molarity is 0.0129 M, the molality is 0.0129 m, the mole fraction is 2.33 × 10 , and the solution contains 1830 ppm Na2HPO4. Mole fraction is most useful for calculating vapor pressure, because Raoult’s law states that the vapor pressure of a solution containing a non-volatile solute is equal to the mole fraction o... | D: solute. |
Electromagnetic specturm is the full spectrum of raidant energy, which is energy emitted and transmitted as what?
Here are the choices:
A. currents
B. waves
C. tides
D. flows | The noble gases are characterized by their high ionization energies and low electron affinities. | B: waves. |
What structures formed of twisted actin chains are found in almost every cell, and are numerous in muscle cells and cells that move by changing shape?
Here are the choices:
A. vesicles
B. DNA
C. RNA
D. microfilaments | Microfilaments , shown in Figure below (b) , are made of two thin actin chains that are twisted around one another. Microfilaments are mostly concentrated just beneath the cell membrane, where they support the cell and help the cell keep its shape. Microfilaments form cytoplasmatic extensions, such as pseudopodia and m... | D: microfilaments. |
What impact can plaque in an artery have on the flow of blood?
Here are the choices:
A. restriction
B. allergic reaction
C. increased flow
D. no effect | Normally blood needs to flow freely through our arteries. Plaque in an artery can restrict the flow of blood. As you can probably imagine, this is not an ideal situation. And eating right, exercising, and not smoking can help keep your arteries healthy. | A: restriction. |
What type of charge do electrons have?
Here are the choices:
A. positive
B. neutral
C. negative
D. bipolar | Electrons have negative charge and protons have positive charge. The magnitude of the charge is the same for both, . | C: negative. |
Which cells change the accessibility, transcription, or translation of a gene?
Here are the choices:
A. prokaryotic
B. ribosomes
C. endogenous
D. eukaryotic | that extends the 3' end, so a primer is synthesized and extended. Thus, the ends are protected. 16 The cell controls which protein is expressed, and to what level that protein is expressed, in the cell. Prokaryotic cells alter the transcription rate to turn genes on or off. This method will increase or decrease protein... | D: eukaryotic. |
In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of a long preparatory period, called __________ before undergoing cell division.
Here are the choices:
A. outerphase
B. mitosis
C. metaphase
D. interphase | 10.2 The Cell Cycle The cell cycle is an orderly sequence of events. Cells on the path to cell division proceed through a series of precisely timed and carefully regulated stages. In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of a long preparatory period, called interphase. Interphase is divided into G1, S, and G2 phases. The... | D: interphase. |
Some biochemical processes happen via sequences of reactions which are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. pathways
B. metabolism
C. mutations
D. synthesis | Many biochemical processes occur through sequences of reactions called pathways. The total energy released by many of these pathways is much more than the energy a cell could handle if it were all released in a single step. For example, the combustion of glucose in a single step would release enough energy to kill a ce... | A: pathways. |
Deep ocean currents are caused by differences in what property at the top and bottom?
Here are the choices:
A. mass
B. density
C. diameter
D. velocity | Currents also flow deep below the surface of the ocean. Deep currents are caused by differences in density at the top and bottom. Density is defined as the amount of mass per unit of volume. More dense water takes up less space than less dense water. It has the same mass but less volume. Water that is more dense sinks.... | B: density. |
What forms when a glacier scrapes a large hole in the ground?
Here are the choices:
A. crater lake
B. glacial hill
C. glacial lake
D. underground cavern | The depression that allows water to collect to form a lake may come about in a variety of ways. The Great Lakes, for example, are glacial lakes. A glacial lake forms when a glacier scrapes a large hole in the ground. When the glacier melts, the water fills the hole and forms a lake. A kettle lake forms in the sediment ... | C: glacial lake. |
What is needed to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration?
Here are the choices:
A. passive transport
B. gas exchange
C. vascular tissue
D. photosynthesis | Gas exchange is needed to provide cells with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration. Cells cannot survive for long without oxygen. Gas exchange is also needed to carry away carbon dioxide waste. Some of the carbon dioxide in the blood dissolves to form carbonic acid, which keeps blood pH within a normal range. | B: gas exchange. |
When magma cools slowly, what texture does it have?
Here are the choices:
A. large gases
B. large squares
C. large crystals
D. small circles | Texture indicates how the magma cooled. Magma that cools rapidly has small or no visible crystals. Magma that cools slowly has large crystals; reference the Table above for the type of rock, the amount of silica it has, and examples. | C: large crystals. |
The calvin cycle is the fancy name for the metabolic pathway that builds what?
Here are the choices:
A. carbohydrates
B. proteins
C. fats
D. sugar | 13.2.1 The Detailed Dark Reactions What the Dark Reactions Do: The dark reactions build sugar from carbon dioxide gas (CO2), water (H2O), and energy from ATP molecules that were charged up during the light reactions. The dark reactions occur in the stroma of a chloroplast. Dark reactions usually occur in the light, but... | D: sugar. |
The use of mercury-based dental amalgam has gone under question in recent years because of concerns regarding what?
Here are the choices:
A. the oxygen
B. the variability
C. the expense
D. the toxicity | Perhaps the most familiar liquid-solid solution is dental amalgam, used to fill teeth when there is a cavity. Approximately 50% of the amalgam material is liquid mercury to which a powdered alloy of silver, tin and copper is added. Mercury is used because it binds well with the solid metal alloy. However, the use of me... | D: the toxicity. |
Where does much of the blood that enters the atria flow?
Here are the choices:
A. arteries
B. muscles
C. lungs
D. ventricles | D: ventricles. | |
Batteries produce voltage through what type of reaction?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical
B. thermal
C. non-chemical
D. liquid | Chemical cells are found in batteries. They produce voltage by means of chemical reactions. Chemical cells have two electrodes, which are strips of different materials, such as zinc and carbon. The electrodes are suspended in an electrolyte. This is a substance that contains free ions, which can carry electric current.... | A: chemical. |
A globe is the best way to make a map of what?
Here are the choices:
A. a city
B. whole earth
C. a continent
D. solar system | Earth is a sphere and so is a globe. A globe is the best way to make a map of the whole Earth. Because both the planet and a globe have curved surfaces, the sizes and shapes of countries are not distorted. Distances are true to scale. ( Figure below ). | B: whole earth. |
Bond energy is an indication of the amount of energy needed for what to occur?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. chemical reaction
C. oxidation
D. physical reaction only | Bond energy is an indication of the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction. | B: chemical reaction. |
What causes genetic disorders?
Here are the choices:
A. proteins
B. mutations
C. parasites
D. pollution | Sequencing the human genome has increased our knowledge of genetic disorders. These are diseases caused by mutations. They may be caused by single gene mutations or the failure of chromosomes to separate correctly during meiosis. | B: mutations. |
Located above the stratosphere, what layer is the place where meteors burn up?
Here are the choices:
A. troposphere
B. atmosphere
C. mesosphere
D. unisphere | The mesosphere is the layer above the stratosphere. Temperature decreases with altitude in this layer. Meteors burn up here. | C: mesosphere. |
What composition determines both eruption type and volcano type?
Here are the choices:
A. electrical
B. chemical
C. gas
D. magma | Magma composition determines both eruption type and volcano type. | D: magma. |
In a pedigree what shape symbolizes males?
Here are the choices:
A. rectangles
B. squares
C. triangles
D. spheres | In a pedigree, squares symbolize males, and circles represent females. A horizontal line joining a male and female indicates that the couple had offspring. Vertical lines indicate offspring which are listed left to right, in order of birth. Shading of the circle or square indicates an individual who has the trait being... | B: squares. |
Mollusks are probably most closely related to organisms in the phylum annelida , also known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. indigenous worms
B. segmented worms
C. sedimentary worms
D. elongated worms | Mollusks are probably most closely related to organisms in the phylum Annelida , also known as segmented worms. This phylum includes the earthworm and leech. Scientists believe these two groups are related because, when they are in the early stage of development, they look very similar. Mollusks also share features of ... | B: segmented worms. |
Which bonds are the strongest of the intermolecular forces?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen
B. calcium
C. complex
D. carbon | As a solid is heated, its particles vibrate more rapidly as the solid absorbs kinetic energy. Eventually, the organization of the particles within the solid structure begins to break down and the solid starts to melt. The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid. At its melting point, the... | A: hydrogen. |
The community of all of the living and nonliving parts of an environment is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. biodiversity
B. ecosystem
C. population
D. habitat | B: ecosystem. | |
What is the most common type of volcano?
Here are the choices:
A. geyser
B. flat
C. cinder cone
D. block cone | Cinder cones are the smallest and most common type of volcano. Cinder cones have steep sides like composite volcanoes. But they are much smaller, rarely reaching even 300 meters in height. Cinder cones usually have a crater at the summit. Cinder cones are composed of small fragments of rock, called cinders. The cinders... | C: cinder cone. |
What is the name of the the most efficient possible engine?
Here are the choices:
A. ventilation engine
B. excitation engine
C. carnot engine
D. diesel engine | An ideal engine, the most efficient theoretically possible, is called a Carnot Engine. Its efficiency is given by the following formula, where the temperatures are, respectively, the temperature of the exhaust environment and the temperature of the heat input, in Kelvins. In a Carnot engine heat is input and exhausted ... | C: carnot engine. |
Carbon monoxide, radon gas, dust and pet dander are sources of what kind of pollution?
Here are the choices:
A. sound pollution
B. noise pollution
C. light pollution
D. indoor air pollution | One source of indoor air pollution is radon gas. Radon is a radioactive gas that may seep into buildings from rocks underground. Exposure to radon gas may cause lung cancer. Another potential poison in indoor air is carbon monoxide. It may be released by faulty or poorly vented furnaces or other fuel-burning appliances... | D: indoor air pollution. |
What is the cause of existence of molecular solids and liquids?
Here are the choices:
A. popular forces
B. attractive forces
C. few forces
D. negative forces | B: attractive forces. | |
Meningitis, for example, is caused by a viral or bacterial infection of the tissues covering what?
Here are the choices:
A. the liver
B. the brain
C. the skin
D. the lungs | Nervous tissue may become infected by microorganisms. Meningitis, for example, is caused by a viral or bacterial infection of the tissues covering the brain. This may cause the brain to swell and lead to brain damage and death. | B: the brain. |
What doctors specialize in diseases stemming from glandular issues?
Here are the choices:
A. anthropologists
B. oncologists
C. dermatologists
D. endocrinologists | Endocrinologist An endocrinologist is a medical doctor who specializes in treating disorders of the endocrine glands, hormone systems, and glucose and lipid metabolic pathways. An endocrine surgeon specializes in the surgical treatment of endocrine diseases and glands. Some of the diseases that are managed by endocrino... | D: endocrinologists. |
_________ are one-celled organisms with a nucleus which cause diseases such as malaria.
Here are the choices:
A. mosquitos
B. larvae
C. fungi
D. protozoa | Protozoa are one-celled organisms with a nucleus, making them eukaryotic organisms. They cause diseases such as malaria. Malaria is a serious disease that is common in warm climates. The protozoa infect people when they are bit by a mosquito. More than a million people die of malaria each year. Other protozoa cause dia... | D: protozoa. |
Chemical energy is another form of which energy?
Here are the choices:
A. potential energy
B. heat energy
C. nuclear energy
D. mechanical energy | Chemical energy and nuclear energy are other forms of potential energy. | A: potential energy. |
Many species secrete a hard external skeleton of what?
Here are the choices:
A. hydrogen carbonate
B. sodium bicarbonate
C. carbon dioxide
D. calcium carbonate | D: calcium carbonate. | |
What is the most common pattern of dispersion?
Here are the choices:
A. random
B. clumped
C. uniform
D. sporadic | B: clumped. | |
Water droplets form when the air reaches 100-percent what?
Here are the choices:
A. chance of rain
B. humidity
C. density
D. heat | Water droplets form when the air reaches 100% humidity. If the temperature is cold enough, frost will form. | B: humidity. |
Any large molecule is referred to as what?
Here are the choices:
A. cellular
B. polymer
C. microtubule
D. macromolecule | Carbon’s affinity for covalent bonding means that many distinct and relatively stable organic molecules nevertheless readily form larger, more complex molecules. Any large molecule is referred to as macromolecule (macro- = “large”), and the organic compounds in this section all fit this description. However, some macro... | D: macromolecule. |
The rocks that are taken from a mine are full of valuable minerals plus rock that isn't valuable. what is this rock called?
Here are the choices:
A. garbage rock
B. empty rock
C. waste rock
D. compost rock | Most minerals are a combination of metal and other elements. The rocks that are taken from a mine are full of valuable minerals plus rock that isn't valuable. This is called waste rock. The valuable minerals must be separated from the waste rock. One way to do this is with a chemical reaction. Chemicals are added to th... | C: waste rock. |
Organisms such as goldfish that can tolerate only a relatively narrow range of salinity are referred to as what?
Here are the choices:
A. saline intolerant
B. antisaline
C. stenohaline
D. trichina | Osmoregulators and Osmoconformers Persons lost at sea without any fresh water to drink are at risk of severe dehydration because the human body cannot adapt to drinking seawater, which is hypertonic in comparison to body fluids. Organisms such as goldfish that can tolerate only a relatively narrow range of salinity are... | C: stenohaline. |
In a liquid, the particles are still in close contact, so liquids have a definite what?
Here are the choices:
A. shape
B. volume
C. growth
D. weight | Liquids If the particles of a substance have enough energy to partially overcome intermolecular interactions, then the particles can move about each other while remaining in contact. This describes the liquid state. In a liquid, the particles are still in close contact, so liquids have a definite volume. However, becau... | B: volume. |
What is the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching called?
Here are the choices:
A. conduction
B. convection
C. activation
D. radiation | Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching. Thermal conductors are materials that are good conductors of thermal energy. Thermal insulators are materials that are poor conductors of thermal energy. Both conductors and insulators have important uses. | A: conduction. |
Regularly performing weight-bearing exercise can reduce the risk of what condition that affects bones?
Here are the choices:
A. osteoporosis
B. marrow deficiency
C. psoriasis
D. arthritis | Regular weight-bearing exercise can reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Apply lesson concepts to explain why. | A: osteoporosis. |
What do we call structures that have lost their use through evolution, which serve as important evidence of evolution?
Here are the choices:
A. primordial
B. extinct
C. vestigial
D. adaptative | Vestigial structures, or structures that have lost their use through evolution, are important evidence of evolution. | C: vestigial. |
What is the only way of transferring energy that doesn't require matter?
Here are the choices:
A. evaporation
B. convection
C. mutation
D. radiation | Both conduction and convection transfer energy through matter. Radiation is the only way of transferring energy that doesn’t require matter. Radiation is the transfer of energy by waves that can travel through empty space. When the waves reach objects, they transfer energy to the objects, causing them to warm up. This ... | D: radiation. |
The layers of the atmosphere correspond with what changes with altitude?
Here are the choices:
A. nitrogen
B. oxygen
C. friction
D. temperature | The atmosphere has layers. The layers correspond with how temperature changes with altitude. By understanding the way temperature changes with altitude, we can learn a lot about how the atmosphere works. | D: temperature. |
What do you call a type of mixture that has the same composition throughout?
Here are the choices:
A. transition
B. transfusion
C. solution
D. structure | This giant Buddha statue, which is a national treasure in Japan, is made of bronze. Bronze consists mainly of copper but also contains some tin. Bronze is an example of a solution. A solution is a type of mixture that has the same composition throughout. | C: solution. |
What traits do the sponge and tarantula share?
Here are the choices:
A. lack of backbone
B. lifespan
C. number of eyes
D. number of legs | One trait invertebrates like the sponge and tarantula share is lack of a backbone. In fact, they don’t have any bones at all. These are defining traits of all invertebrates. Some invertebrates have a skeleton, but it isn’t made of bone. Many other traits of invertebrates show considerable diversity. | A: lack of backbone. |
Organisms are highly organized, coordinated structures that consist of one or more what?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleus
B. lipids
C. proteins
D. cells | Organisms are highly organized, coordinated structures that consist of one or more cells. Even very simple, single-celled organisms are remarkably complex: inside each cell, atoms make up molecules; these in turn make up cell organelles and other cellular inclusions. In multicellular organisms (Figure 1.10), similar ce... | D: cells. |
What do voltmeters measure?
Here are the choices:
A. voltage
B. temperature
C. frequency
D. amplitude | 21.4 DC Voltmeters and Ammeters • Voltmeters measure voltage, and ammeters measure current. • A voltmeter is placed in parallel with the voltage source to receive full voltage and must have a large resistance to limit its effect on the circuit. • An ammeter is placed in series to get the full current flowing through a ... | A: voltage. |
What is the term for body parts that do not serve their original function?
Here are the choices:
A. amenable structures
B. vestigial structures
C. false structures
D. abnormal structures | Moles live underground where they do not need eyes to find their way around. This mole’s eyes are covered by skin. Body parts that do not serve their original function are vestigial structures. | B: vestigial structures. |
The soil beneath a deciduous forest is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. pedalfer
B. trichina
C. forest floor
D. cocklebur | The soil beneath a deciduous forest is a pedalfer. These soils are very fertile. | A: pedalfer. |
What is composed of a calcium cation and a nitrate anion?
Here are the choices:
A. calcium carbonate
B. dynamite
C. nitrous oxide
D. calcium nitrate | Writing a formula for a ternary ionic compound also involves the same steps as for a binary ionic compound. Write the symbol and charge of the cation followed by the symbol and charge of the anion. Use the crisscross method to ensure that the final formula is neutral. Calcium nitrate is composed of a calcium cation and... | D: calcium nitrate. |
Not all structural rearrangements of chromosomes produce nonviable, impaired, or infertile individuals. in rare instances, such a change can result in the evolution of what?
Here are the choices:
A. new species
B. new mutation
C. new order
D. new family | The Chromosome 18 Inversion Not all structural rearrangements of chromosomes produce nonviable, impaired, or infertile individuals. In rare instances, such a change can result in the evolution of a new species. In fact, a pericentric inversion in chromosome 18 appears to have contributed to the evolution of humans. Thi... | A: new species. |
Which molecules in the body holds energy?
Here are the choices:
A. glucose molecules
B. water molecules
C. mitochondria molecules
D. lipid molecules | How does the food you eat provide energy? When you need a quick boost of energy, you might reach for an apple or a candy bar. But cells do not "eat" apples or candy bars; these foods need to be broken down so that cells can use them. Through the process of cellular respiration , the energy in food is changed into energ... | A: glucose molecules. |
What term is used for the difference in the placement of an object from one time to another?
Here are the choices:
A. displacement
B. replacement
C. diffusion
D. variation | Position is the location of the object (whether it's a person, a ball or a particle) at a given moment in time. Displacement is the difference in the object's position from one time to another. Distance is the total amount the object has traveled in a certain period of time. Displacement is a vector quantity (direction... | A: displacement. |
What kind of reasoning involves formulating generalizations inferred from careful observation and the analysis of a large amount of data?
Here are the choices:
A. skepticism
B. reflexive
C. deductive
D. inductive | These data can be qualitative (descriptive) or quantitative (consisting of numbers), and the raw data can be supplemented with drawings, pictures, photos, or videos. From many observations, the scientist can infer conclusions (inductions) based on evidence. Inductive reasoning involves formulating generalizations infer... | C: deductive. |
What kind of eruption do scientists think is caused by a very large magma chamber erupting entirely in one catastrophic explosion?
Here are the choices:
A. brucei eruption
B. supermagma eruption
C. mangxamba eruption
D. supervolcano eruption | The exact cause of supervolcano eruptions is still debated. However, scientists think that a very large magma chamber erupts entirely in one catastrophic explosion. This creates a caldera into which the surface collapses ( Figure below ). The composition of the eruption is felsic or highly felsic. | D: supervolcano eruption. |
The inside surface of the jejunum is covered with tiny projections called what?
Here are the choices:
A. flagella
B. villi
C. mucosa
D. alveoli | The jejunum is the second part of the small intestine. This is where most nutrients are absorbed into the blood. The inside surface of the jejunum is covered with tiny projections called villi (villus, singular). The villi make the inner surface of the small intestine 1000 times greater than it would be without them. Y... | B: villi. |
What is the most effective color in interrupting the nighttime portion of the photoperiod?
Here are the choices:
A. blue light
B. white light
C. red light
D. yellow | C: red light. | |
What glands produce the salty fluid that helps cool the body of many mammals?
Here are the choices:
A. thyroid gland
B. sweat gland
C. water gland
D. endocrine gland | The skin of many mammals is covered with sweat glands. The glands produce sweat, the salty fluid that helps cool the body. | B: sweat gland. |
What shape is the orbit of a planet?
Here are the choices:
A. cleaved
B. elliptical
C. vertical
D. spiral | The orbits of the planets are elliptical. | B: elliptical. |
What term is defined as the area where a species lives and to which it has become adapted?
Here are the choices:
A. nature
B. range
C. habitat
D. farmland | The single biggest cause of the sixth mass extinction is habitat loss. A habitat is the area where a species lives and to which it has become adapted. When a habitat is disturbed or destroyed, it threatens all the species that live there with extinction. | C: habitat. |
What do fish have that allow them to “breathe” oxygen in water?
Here are the choices:
A. pores
B. layers
C. lungs
D. gills | Fish have gills that allow them to “breathe” oxygen in water. Water enters the mouth, passes over the gills, and exits the body through a special opening. Gills absorb oxygen from the water as it passes over them. | D: gills. |
The process in which materials move depending on their heat relative to nearby materials is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. induction
B. convection
C. radiation
D. ventilation | In convection, materials move depending on their heat relative to nearby materials. | B: convection. |
What shape is each face of a tetrahedron?
Here are the choices:
A. trapezoid
B. equilateral triangle
C. oval
D. asymmetric triangle | In order to maximize their distance from one another, the four groups of bonding electrons do not lie in the same plane. Instead, each of the hydrogen atoms lies at the corners of a geometrical shape called a tetrahedron. The carbon atom is at the center of the tetrahedron. Each face of a tetrahedron is an equilateral ... | B: equilateral triangle. |
Glands release what substance into the blood?
Here are the choices:
A. enzymes
B. acids
C. hormones
D. toxins | human body system of glands that release hormones into the blood. | C: hormones. |
What's the process responsible for the presence of oxygen in our atmosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. ozone
B. photosynthesis
C. glycolysis
D. respiration | B: photosynthesis. | |
A rise in blood glucose levels triggers the pancreatic release of what hormone?
Here are the choices:
A. hemoglobin
B. estrogen
C. insulin
D. testosterone | Humoral Stimuli The term “humoral” is derived from the term “humor,” which refers to bodily fluids such as blood. A humoral stimulus refers to the control of hormone release in response to changes in extracellular fluids such as blood or the ion concentration in the blood. For example, a rise in blood glucose levels tr... | C: insulin. |
What do most ecosystems get energy from?
Here are the choices:
A. moisture
B. evaporation
C. magma
D. sunlight | When it comes to energy, ecosystems are not closed. They need constant inputs of energy. Most ecosystems get energy from sunlight. A small minority get energy from chemical compounds. Unlike energy, matter is not constantly added to ecosystems. Instead, it is recycled. Water and elements such as carbon and nitrogen are... | D: sunlight. |
What is the study of viruses called?
Here are the choices:
A. virology
B. microbiology
C. immunology
D. biotechnology | The life sciences are so complex that most scientists focus on just one or two subspecialties. If you want to study insects, what would you be called? An entomologist. If you want to study the tiny things that give us the flu, then you need to enter the field of virology , the study of viruses. If you want to study the... | A: virology. |
What do you call an animal that feeds on other animals?
Here are the choices:
A. omnivore
B. polyvore
C. carnivore
D. herbivore | Birds live in a variety of different habitats. Birds that live in different habitats will encounter different foods and different predators. Birds can be carnivores (feeding on other animals), herbivores (feeding on plants), or generalists (feeding on a variety of foods). The lifestyle of the bird can affect what it lo... | C: carnivore. |
Most scientists think that ordinary matter is less than half of the total matter in the universe; the remaining part includes what mysterious entity?
Here are the choices:
A. magic matter
B. cold matter
C. mystery matter
D. dark matter | Most scientists who study dark matter think it is a combination. Ordinary matter is part of it. That is mixed with some kind of matter that we haven’t discovered yet. Most scientists think that ordinary matter is less than half of the total matter in the universe. | D: dark matter. |
What is the term for gases that absorb heat in the atmosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. sulfuric gases
B. greenhouse gases
C. ionic gases
D. thermal gases | Gases that absorb heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases . They include carbon dioxide and water vapor. Human actions have increased the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is shown in Figure below . The added gases have caused a greater greenhouse effect. How do you think this affects Earth’... | B: greenhouse gases. |
What is the type of cell division that produces gametes called?
Here are the choices:
A. mitosis
B. electrolysis
C. fertilization
D. meiosis | During sexual reproduction, two haploid gametes join in the process of fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes. It involves two cell divisions and produces four haploid cells. | D: meiosis. |
What causes halide minerals to form?
Here are the choices:
A. salt water accumulation
B. fresh water ionization
C. salt water evaporation
D. salt water ionization | Halide minerals are salts. They form when salt water evaporates. This mineral class includes more than just table salt. Halide minerals may contain the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Some will combine with metal elements. Common table salt is a halide mineral that contains the elements chlorine and so... | C: salt water evaporation. |
Upon reaching the postsynaptic membrane, what type of chemical messenger binds to and activates a specific receptor?
Here are the choices:
A. hormone
B. neurotransmitter
C. neuropeptide
D. pheromone | B: neurotransmitter. | |
What do heterotrophic animals usually consume?
Here are the choices:
A. soil
B. other organisms
C. minerals
D. plants | Animals are multicellular eukaryotes in the Animal Kingdom. They are heterotrophic, meaning that they consume other organisms. Animals have specialized cells and often higher levels of organization. This allows them to do things that other eukaryotes cannot, such as move and digest food internally. Animals generally ha... | B: other organisms. |
Molecules of gas are rare in what outermost region of the planet's atmosphere?
Here are the choices:
A. thermosphere
B. ionosphere
C. ozone layer
D. exosphere | Gas molecules are exceedingly rare in the exosphere. | D: exosphere. |
Why is there very little evaporation in the boreal forests?
Here are the choices:
A. too hot
B. high elevation
C. too humid
D. temperature is too cold | Arctic Tundra The Arctic tundra lies north of the subarctic boreal forests and is located throughout the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere (Figure 20.18). Tundra also exists at elevations above the tree line on mountains. The average winter temperature is –34°C (–29.2°F) and the average summer temperature is 3°... | D: temperature is too cold. |
Maltose, lactose, and sucrose are common types of what, which are distinguished by their monosaccharide constituents?
Here are the choices:
A. silicates
B. disaccharides
C. oxides
D. precipitates | The disaccharides differ from one another in their monosaccharide constituents and in the specific type of glycosidic linkage connecting them. There are three common disaccharides: maltose, lactose, and sucrose. All three are white crystalline solids at room temperature and are soluble in water. We’ll consider each sug... | B: disaccharides. |
Amplitude describes what about the wave's crest and trough?
Here are the choices:
A. How frequently the parts occur
B. the maximum parts
C. The minimum parts
D. The width of the parts | Waves are identified by several characteristics. There is a center line where the medium would be if there were no wave, which is sometimes describes as the undisturbed position. The displacement of the medium above this undisturbed position is called a crest and the displacement below the undisturbed position is calle... | B: the maximum parts. |
Overproduction of offspring, combined with limited resources, results in what?
Here are the choices:
A. contention
B. competition
C. continuation
D. concentration | B: competition. | |
What laws regulate radiation doses to which people can be exposed?
Here are the choices:
A. medical regulation laws
B. radiation protection laws
C. dose regulation laws
D. voltage protection laws | Radiation Protection Laws regulate radiation doses to which people can be exposed. The greatest occupational whole-body dose that is allowed depends upon the country and is about 20 to 50 mSv/y and is rarely reached by medical and nuclear power workers. Higher doses are allowed for the hands. Much lower doses are permi... | B: radiation protection laws. |
Digestive enzymes, including which enzyme, start breaking down starches into sugars?
Here are the choices:
A. triglyceride
B. cortisol
C. melatonin
D. amylase | Once you start eating, saliva wets the food, which makes it easier to break up and swallow. Digestive enzymes, including the enzyme amylase, start breaking down starches into sugars. Your tongue helps mix the food with the saliva and enzymes. | D: amylase. |
In prokaryotes, what is composed of a single, double-stranded dna molecule in the form of a loop or circle?
Here are the choices:
A. rNA
B. chromosomes
C. genome
D. allele | Genomic DNA Before discussing the steps a cell must undertake to replicate, a deeper understanding of the structure and function of a cell’s genetic information is necessary. A cell’s DNA, packaged as a double-stranded DNA molecule, is called its genome. In prokaryotes, the genome is composed of a single, double-strand... | C: genome. |
What is formed when nitrogen and sulfur oxides dissolve in rain?
Here are the choices:
A. hail
B. ozone
C. acid rain
D. toxic rain | Acid rain is rain that has a pH less than 5. It forms when nitrogen and sulfur oxides dissolve in rain. Acid rain kills living things and damages buildings and statues. | C: acid rain. |
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