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What is a disorder of glucose metabolism in which insulin production by the pancreas is impaired? Here are the choices: A. cluster mellitus B. sugar mellitus C. populations mellitus D. diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose metabolism in which insulin production by the pancreas is impaired. Since insulin helps glucose enter the cells, a decrease of this hormone means that glucose cannot be used in its normal fashion. When this happens, the body begins to break down fats, producing a decrease in b...
D: diabetes mellitus.
Splitting of the nucleus of a radioactive atom into two smaller nuclei yields what type of reaction, which releases a great deal of energy from a small amount of matter? Here are the choices: A. nuclear fission B. nucleation C. nuclear fusion D. solar fission
Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of a radioactive atom into two smaller nuclei. This type of reaction releases a great deal of energy from a very small amount of matter. Fission of a tiny pellet of radioactive uranium-235, like the one pictured in the Figure below , releases as much energy as burning 1,0...
A: nuclear fission.
Colliding-beam accelerators create matter from what? Here are the choices: A. magnetism B. energy C. sound D. minerals
Conceptual Questions 33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy 1. The total energy in the beam of an accelerator is far greater than the energy of the individual beam particles. Why isn’t this total energy available to create a single extremely massive particle? 2. Synchrotron radiation takes energy from an accelerat...
B: energy.
What is the term for the measure of the force of gravity pulling down on an object? Here are the choices: A. mass B. weight C. pressure D. density
Weight is a measure of the force of gravity pulling down on an object. It depends on the object’s mass, which is how much matter the object contains. It also depends on the downward acceleration of the object due to gravity, which is the same all over Earth. Weight can be represented by the equation:.
B: weight.
Aging is associated with the death of what? Here are the choices: A. genes B. cells C. muscles D. proteins
Aging is associated with the death of cells. Give two reasons why cells die.
B: cells.
Animals that live in groups with other members of their species are called what? Here are the choices: A. social animals B. available animals C. grouping animals D. aggressive animals
Without communication, animals would not be able to live together in groups. Animals that live in groups with other members of their species are called social animals. Social animals include many species of insects, birds, and mammals. Specific examples are ants, bees, crows, wolves, and human beings.
A: social animals.
What are typically named for their major physical or climatic factors in addition to their predominant vegetation? Here are the choices: A. terrestrial biomes B. habitats C. communities D. aqueous biomes
A: terrestrial biomes.
What type of vents are giant tube worms found at? Here are the choices: A. oxygen B. Heated C. temperature D. hydrothermal
Giant tube worms are found at hydrothermal vents. They get food from the chemosynthetic bacteria that live within them. The bacteria provide food; the worms provide shelter.
D: hydrothermal.
What results when a force does work? Here are the choices: A. pressure B. side effect C. movement D. momentum
work: A force is said to do work when it acts on a body so that there is a displacement of the point of application, however small, in the direction of the force. Thus a force does work when it results in movement. The work done by a constant force of magnitude on a point that moves a distance in the direction of the f...
C: movement.
At the earth’s surface, the air pressure exerted on you is a result of the weight of what above you? Here are the choices: A. humidity B. magnetic force C. air D. water
11.4 Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid If your ears have ever popped on a plane flight or ached during a deep dive in a swimming pool, you have experienced the effect of depth on pressure in a fluid. At the Earth’s surface, the air pressure exerted on you is a result of the weight of air above you. This press...
C: air.
What is a common condition caused by stomach acid? Here are the choices: A. heartburn B. headache C. sunburn D. arthritis
Have you ever experienced heartburn? Heartburn is actually a condition caused by stomach acid, rather something in your heart. The stomach produces HCl, which is a necessary component of digestion. However, excessive amounts of stomach acid can cause a great deal of discomfort. Various factors can cause the overproduct...
A: heartburn.
Where do the majority of species live? Here are the choices: A. air B. land C. trees D. ocean
Mollusks live in most terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. However, the majority of species live in the ocean. They can be found in both shallow and deep water and from tropical to polar latitudes. They have a variety of ways of getting food. Some are free-living heterotrophs. Others are internal parasites. Mo...
D: ocean.
What process brings nutrients from the ocean's floor to its surface? Here are the choices: A. upwelling B. coastal swell C. Tides D. Down welling
Upwelling brings nutrients to the surface from the ocean floor. Nutrients are important resources for ocean life. However, they aren’t the only resources on the ocean floor.
A: upwelling.
Crests and troughs are the high and low points of a what? Here are the choices: A. darker wave B. heat wave C. rupture wave D. transverse wave
Crests and troughs are the high and low points of a transverse wave.
D: transverse wave.
What is the term for materials that have been left behind by organisms that once lived? Here are the choices: A. detritis B. bones C. fossils D. skulls
Sediments are small fragments of rocks and minerals. Pebbles, sand, silt, and clay are examples of sediments. Sedimentary rocks may include fossils. Fossils are materials left behind by once-living organisms. Fossils can be pieces of the organism, like bones. They can also be traces of the organism, like footprints.
C: fossils.
A penguin must do what before molting? Here are the choices: A. increase muscle mass B. mate C. use muscle mass D. hibernate
A: increase muscle mass.
The pelvic girdle, consisting of a hip bone, serves to attach a lower limb to this? Here are the choices: A. appendicular skeleton B. cytoskeleton C. axial skeleton D. exoskeleton
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis The pelvic girdle, consisting of a hip bone, serves to attach a lower limb to the axial skeleton. The hip bone articulates posteriorly at the sacroiliac joint with the sacrum, which is part of the axial skeleton. The right and left hip bones converge anteriorly and articulate with each ...
C: axial skeleton.
Why does water have a high surface tension? Here are the choices: A. helium bonding B. hydrogen bonding C. high freezing point D. oxygenation
B: hydrogen bonding.
What are the two types of vascular tissues found in vascular plants? Here are the choices: A. xylem and phloem B. xylem and chloroplasm C. cytoplasm and chloroplasm D. ectoderm and phloem
Xylem and phloem are the two types of vascular tissues in vascular plants.
A: xylem and phloem.
What are the two types of photoreceptors in the retina? Here are the choices: A. holes and cones B. images and cones C. circles and cones D. rods and cones
Which of the following statements about the human eye is false? a. Rods detect color, while cones detect only shades of gray. When light enters the retina, it passes the ganglion cells and bipolar cells before reaching photoreceptors at the rear of the eye. The iris adjusts the amount of light coming into the eye. The ...
D: rods and cones.
Forces which cause objects to turn around continuously in a circle are known as? Here are the choices: A. tension forces B. frictional forces C. centripetal forces D. hydrodynamic forces
In the absence of a net force, objects move in a straight line. If they turn — that is, if their velocity changes, even only in direction — there must be an applied force. Forces which cause objects to turn around continuously in a circle are known as centripetal forces. When an object moves in a circle its velocity at...
C: centripetal forces.
Why is a synthetic diamond not considered a mineral? Here are the choices: A. minerals must be created naturally B. Minerals must not occur naturally. C. interactions must be created naturally D. fluctuations must be created naturally
Could a mineral be made by a process that was not natural? People make gemstones in a laboratory. Synthetic diamond is a common one. But that stone is not a mineral. That's because a mineral must be created by natural processes. This is part of the definition of a mineral.
A: minerals must be created naturally.
What type of plug is generally used on metal appliances? Here are the choices: A. 5 prong B. .2 prong C. 4 prong D. 3 prong
A three-prong plug is generally used on metal appliances. The two flat prongs carry current to and from the appliance. The round prong is for safety. It connects with a wire inside the outlet that goes down into the ground. If any stray current leaks from the circuit or if there is a short circuit, the ground wire carr...
D: 3 prong.
What term describes the ability of matter to combine chemically with other substances? Here are the choices: A. Diffusion B. permeability C. oxidation D. reactivity
Reactivity is the ability of matter to combine chemically with other substances. For example, iron is highly reactive with oxygen. When it combines with oxygen, it forms the reddish powder called rust (see Figure below ). Rust is not iron but an entirely different substance that consists of both iron and oxygen.
D: reactivity.
What occurs when waves interact with other waves? Here are the choices: A. interference B. frequency C. resurgence D. vibration
Wave interference occurs when waves interact with other waves. Constructive interference increases wave amplitude. Destructive interference decreases wave amplitude.
A: interference.
What is defined in physics as the amount of force pushing against a given area? Here are the choices: A. energy B. pressure C. resistance D. gravity
Particles of gas are constantly moving in all directions at random. As a result, they are always bumping into each other and other things. This is modeled in the Figure below . The force of the particles against things they bump into creates pressure. Pressure is defined in physics as the amount of force pushing agains...
B: pressure.
What do you call the heat below earth’s surface that can be used to produce electricity? Here are the choices: A. inert energy B. renewable energy C. natural energy D. geothermal energy
Heat below Earth’s surface—called geothermal energy— can be used to produce electricity. A power plant pumps water underground where it is heated. Then it pumps the water back to the plant and uses its thermal energy to generate electricity. On a small scale, geothermal energy can be used to heat homes. Installing a ge...
D: geothermal energy.
How do most plants create food? Here are the choices: A. glycolysis B. electrolysis C. photosynthesis D. atherosclerosis
Plants are multicellular eukaryotes. They have organelles called chloroplasts and cell walls made of cellulose. Plants also have specialized reproductive organs. Almost all plants make food by photosynthesis. Life as we know it would not be possible without plants.
C: photosynthesis.
In a ketone, two of which kind of groups are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom? Here are the choices: A. nitrogen groups B. oxygen groups C. ions D. carbon groups
Note The carbonyl group is ubiquitous in biological compounds. It is found in carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, hormones, and vitamins—organic compounds critical to living systems. In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom. The following general formulas, in which R represents ...
D: carbon groups.
Tapeworms are what type of flatworms? Here are the choices: A. parasitic B. symbiotic C. single-celled D. endogenous
Flatworms can be free-living or parasitic. Tapeworms are parasitic flatworms.
A: parasitic.
In most crustaceans, what two structures fuse to form a cephalothorax? Here are the choices: A. foot and toes B. body and shoulders C. wing and legs D. head and thorax
Unlike that of the Hexapoda, the head and thorax of most crustaceans is fused to form a cephalothorax (Figure 28.40), which is covered by a plate called the carapace, thus producing a body structure of two tagma. Crustaceans have a chitinous exoskeleton that is shed by molting whenever the animal increases in size. The...
D: head and thorax.
What class of animal, including hydras and jellies, is considered the simplest to contain a nervous system? Here are the choices: A. fish B. cnidarians C. sponges D. prokaryotes
B: cnidarians.
When iron and sulfur are mixed together in a certain ratio and heated, what do they become? Here are the choices: A. iron oxide B. iron sulfide C. rust D. sulfuric acid
When iron and sulfur are mixed together in a certain ratio and heated, a chemical reaction occurs. This results in the formation of a unique new compound, called iron sulfide (FeS). A magnet cannot be used to mechanically separate the iron from the iron sulfide because metallic iron does not exist in the compound. Inst...
B: iron sulfide.
What do many scientists think are the oldest eukaryotes? Here are the choices: A. arthropods B. prokaryotes C. protists D. plants
Scientists think that protists are the oldest eukaryotes. If so, they must have evolved from prokaryotic cells. How did this happen? The endosymbiotic theory provides the most widely-accepted explanation. That’s because it is well supported by evidence.
C: protists.
Culprits in the common cold and aids, what infectious agents are far smaller and simpler than bacteria? Here are the choices: A. pathogens B. poisons C. viruses D. parasites
Infectious diseases caused by viruses include the common cold, influenza, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and are among the most significant health problems in our society. Viruses are infectious agents far smaller and simpler than bacteria that are composed of a tightly packed central core of nucleic aci...
C: viruses.
What triangular feature is formed when a river empties into a large body of still water? Here are the choices: A. delta B. confluence C. region D. flow
Deposition also occurs when a stream or river empties into a large body of still water. In this case, a delta forms. A delta is shaped like a triangle. It spreads out into the body of water. An example is shown in Figure above .
A: delta.
Professionals known as genetic counselors can help them understand the risks of? Here are the choices: A. contagion B. children being affected C. disease D. infection
A genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation can be inherited. Therefore, people with a genetic disorder in their family may be concerned about having children with the disorder. Professionals known as genetic counselors can help them understand the risks of their children being affected. If they decide to have chil...
B: children being affected.
What type of fronts often bring sudden changes in the weather, including different types of precipitation, depending on the season? Here are the choices: A. occluded fronts B. stationary fronts C. cold fronts D. warm fronts
As the fast-moving cold air mass keeps advancing, so does the cold front. Cold fronts often bring sudden changes in the weather. There may be a thin line of storms right at the front that moves as it moves. In the spring and summer, the storms may be thunderstorms and tornadoes. In the late fall and winter, the storms ...
C: cold fronts.
Similarity in biochemicals, like the glucose used by virtually all living things for energy, provides evidence of what? Here are the choices: A. evolution B. gravity C. variation D. DNA
Virtually all living things use glucose for energy, but glucose is just one of many examples of biochemical compounds that are found in most or all living things. In fact the similarity in biochemical compounds between living things provides some of the best evidence for the evolution of species from common ancestors. ...
A: evolution.
In type 2 diabetes, body cells do not respond to normal amounts of what hormone? Here are the choices: A. insulin B. glucose C. hemoglobin D. estrogen
In some cases, an endocrine gland secretes a normal amount of hormone, but target cells do not respond to the hormone. Often, this is because target cells have because resistant to the hormone. Type 2 diabetes is an example of this type of endocrine disorder. In Type 2 diabetes, body cells do not respond to normal amou...
A: insulin.
What fibres are seen in some vertebrates that twitch at rates far faster than any human muscle? Here are the choices: A. slow twitch fibres B. skeletal muscle fibers C. fast glycolytic fibres D. fast oxidative fibres
B: skeletal muscle fibers.
The cytoplasm divides during what process? Here are the choices: A. genesys B. cytokinesis C. osmosis D. metamorphosis
During mitosis , the nucleus divides as the chromosomes are equally separated. One nucleus becomes two nuclei, each with an identical set of chromosomes . Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis , when the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two cells. After cytokinesis, cell division is complete. The one parent cell (the divid...
B: cytokinesis.
Where do birds store and moisten food that is waiting to be digested? Here are the choices: A. crop B. tree C. gullet D. nest
Birds have a sac-like structure called a crop to store and moisten food that is waiting to be digested. They also have an organ called a gizzard that contains swallowed stones. The stones make up for the lack of teeth by grinding food, which can then be digested more quickly. Both structures make it easier for the dige...
A: crop.
Where can you find humid subtropical climates? Here are the choices: A. between 40 and 60 degrees latitude B. between 20 and 40 degrees latitude C. between 40 and 60 degrees longitude D. between 20 and 40 degrees longitude
Humid subtropical climates are found on the eastern sides of continents between about 20° and 40° latitude. The southeastern U. S. has this type of climate. Summers are hot and humid, but winters are chilly. There is moderate rainfall throughout the year. Pine and oak forests grow in this climate ( Figure below ).
B: between 20 and 40 degrees latitude.
What type of lenses can correct myopia? Here are the choices: A. diffusion lenses B. concave lenses C. polarized lenses D. convex lenses
Nearsightedness, or myopia, is the condition in which nearby objects are seen clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. The eyeball is longer than normal, focusing images front of the retina. Concave lenses can correct the problem.
B: concave lenses.
Photoautotrophs including (a) plants, (b) algae, and (c) cyanobacteria synthesize their organic compounds via photosynthesis using sunlight as this? Here are the choices: A. fuel source B. heating source C. light source4 D. energy source
Figure 8.2 Photoautotrophs including (a) plants, (b) algae, and (c) cyanobacteria synthesize their organic compounds via photosynthesis using sunlight as an energy source. Cyanobacteria and planktonic algae can grow over enormous areas in water, at times completely covering the surface. In a (d) deep sea vent, chemoaut...
D: energy source.
Glaciers modify the landscape by what? Here are the choices: A. sediment B. erosion C. truncation D. silt
Glaciers modify the landscape by erosion. They also modify the landscape by deposition. Glaciers carry an enormous amount of material and dump it. The features they leave behind show where they were and what happened as they were melting away.
B: erosion.
The cells in the follicle undergo physical changes and produce a structure called a what? Here are the choices: A. primordial follicle B. secondary ovum C. corpus luteum D. liberated ovum
Following ovulation, the ovarian cycle enters its luteal phase, illustrated in Figure 43.15 and the menstrual cycle enters its secretory phase, both of which run from about day 15 to 28. The luteal and secretory phases refer to changes in the ruptured follicle. The cells in the follicle undergo physical changes and pro...
C: corpus luteum.
Scientists can use what tool to determine an earthquake's strength? Here are the choices: A. seismogram B. geiger counter C. kilocalorie D. telescope
Seismograms record earthquake strength. Scientists can use them to determine the distance to an earthquake. Using at least three seismograms, they can locate the earthquake's epicenter. Scientists measure earthquake intensity in several ways. So far no one has found a way to predict earthquakes.
A: seismogram.
How many moons does pluto have? Here are the choices: A. two B. four C. three D. six
Pluto has three moons of its own. The largest, Charon, is big compared to Pluto. The Pluto-Charon system is sometimes called a double dwarf planet ( Figure above ). Two smaller moons, Nix and Hydra, were discovered in 2005.
C: three.
Huge calderas form when the mountain above an empty chamber of what collapses? Here are the choices: A. mercury B. magma C. coal D. gas
During a massive eruption, all of the material may be ejected from a magma changer. Without support, the mountain above the empty chamber may collapse. This produces a huge caldera . Calderas are generally round, bowl-shaped formations ( Figure below ).
B: magma.
What type of bonds are the attractive forces between the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms and one or more pairs of electrons that are located between the atoms? Here are the choices: A. covalent B. gravitational C. reactive D. active
Note that there is a system for naming some polyatomic ions; -ate and -ite are suffixes designating polyatomic ions containing more or fewer oxygen atoms. Per- (short for “hyper”) and hypo- (meaning “under”) are prefixes meaning more oxygen atoms than -ate and fewer oxygen atoms than -ite, respectively. For example, pe...
A: covalent.
Chemical elements and water are constantly recycled in the ecosystem through what? Here are the choices: A. biogeochemical cycles B. geothermal cycles C. greenhouse gases D. inorganic cycles
Chemical elements and water are constantly recycled in the ecosystem through biogeochemical cycles.
A: biogeochemical cycles.
What system is the spinal cord related to? Here are the choices: A. lymphatic system B. digestive system C. nervous system D. circulatory system
Some people recover from spinal cord injuries. But many people are paralyzed for life. Thanks to the work of Christopher Reeve ( Figure below ), more research is being done on spinal cord injuries now than ever before. For example, scientists are trying to discover ways to regrow damaged spinal cord neurons.
C: nervous system.
What is the total range of the energy from the sun called? Here are the choices: A. electromagnetic spectrum B. molecular spectrum C. measured spectrum D. solar spectrum
Energy from the Sun has a wide range of wavelengths. The total range of energy is called the electromagnetic spectrum ( Figure below ).
A: electromagnetic spectrum.
Plants have specialized organs that help them survive and reproduce in a great diversity of habitats. major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and what? Here are the choices: A. clusters B. leaves C. sacs D. lungs
Plants have specialized organs that help them survive and reproduce in a great diversity of habitats. Major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and leaves.
B: leaves.
The lungs of mammals are unique in having what? Here are the choices: A. alveolar B. alveoli C. acini D. glands
The lungs of mammals are unique in having alveoli . These are tiny, sac-like structures. Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of very small blood vessels (see Figure below ). Because there are millions of alveoli in each lung, they greatly increase the surface area for gas exchange between the lungs and bloodstream...
B: alveoli.
The organs of female mammals that that produce eggs are called what? Here are the choices: A. Uterus B. fallopian tubes C. testes D. ovaries
Like other female vertebrates, all female mammals have ovaries. These are the organs that produce eggs (see Figure below ). Therian mammals also have two additional female reproductive structures that are not found in other vertebrates. They are the uterus and vagina.
D: ovaries.
What do you call the patterns and groups of stars in the sky that ancient people observed and made stories about? Here are the choices: A. meteors B. planets C. constellations D. asteroid fields
The stars that make up a constellation appear close to each other from Earth. In reality, they may be very distant from one another. Constellations were important to people, like the Ancient Greeks. People who spent a lot of time outdoors at night, like shepherds, named the constellations. They told stories about them....
C: constellations.
Each enzyme has an optimal what at which its reaction rate is greatest? Here are the choices: A. temperature B. precipitation C. weight D. size
A: temperature.
What type of prokaryotes live in habitats without oxygen? Here are the choices: A. aerobic B. phosphoric C. anaerobic D. enzymatic
Anaerobic prokaryotes live in habitats without oxygen.
C: anaerobic.
What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature? Here are the choices: A. gas B. water C. hydrogen D. mercury
A familiar liquid is mercury metal. Mercury is an anomaly. It is the only metal we know of that is liquid at room temperature. Mercury also has an ability to stick to itself (surface tension) – a property all liquids exhibit. Mercury has a relatively high surface tension, which makes it very unique. Here you see mercur...
D: mercury.
What do animals store with the help of saturated fatty acids? Here are the choices: A. sugar B. protein C. energy D. oxygen
In saturated fatty acids , carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. This causes the molecules to form straight chains, as shown in Figure below . The straight chains can be packed together very tightly, allowing them to store energy in a compact form. This explains why saturated fatty acids are so...
C: energy.
What are the dark areas of the moon called? Here are the choices: A. hollow space B. craters C. maria D. laura
The Moon has dark areas, called maria, surrounded by lighter colored highland areas, called terrae.
C: maria.
What do people use from aquifers from springs or wells? Here are the choices: A. fresh water B. oxygen C. salt D. soil
People use fresh water from aquifers from springs or wells.
A: fresh water.
What item lost by diffusion and in the urine are replenished by eating? Here are the choices: A. salt B. yeast C. protein D. sugar
A: salt.
What is the primary cause of air movement in the troposphere? Here are the choices: A. solar winds B. the ozone layer C. asteroids D. differences in heating
Air movement takes place in the troposphere. Air moves because of differences in heating. The differences create convection currents and winds.
D: differences in heating.
In cellular respiration, glucose is broken down and what is made? Here are the choices: A. atp B. chlorophyll C. simple sugars D. rna
The flow of energy through living organisms begins with photosynthesis. This process stores energy from sunlight in the chemical bonds of glucose. By breaking the chemical bonds in glucose, cells release the stored energy and make the ATP they need. The process in which glucose is broken down and ATP is made is called ...
A: atp.
The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system’s atoms and molecules is called what? Here are the choices: A. mechanical energy B. internal energy C. used energy D. stored energy
Internal energy—the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system’s atoms and molecules. Can be divided into many subcategories, such as thermal and chemical energy. Depends only on the state of a system (such as its P , V , and T ), not on how the energy entered the system. Change in internal energy is path in...
B: internal energy.
After what state is reached, the concentrations of all reaction components remain constant unless a change is made to the system? Here are the choices: A. equality B. equilibrium C. homeostasis D. level
After equilibrium has been reached, the concentrations of all reaction components will remain constant unless a change is made to the system. Because the concentrations are no longer changing, it may appear that the reaction has "stopped. " This is incorrect; both the forward and reverse reactions are still going on, e...
B: equilibrium.
What type of reproduction is exemplified by starfish and yeasts? Here are the choices: A. sexual reproduction B. microscopic reproduction C. bacteria reproduction D. asexual reproduction
Starfish: Flickr:amanderson2; Yeast: Zappy's. Starfish and yeasts are examples of organisms that reproduce asexually . Starfish: CC BY 2.0; Yeast: CC BY-NC 3.0.
D: asexual reproduction.
What is the scientific term for stored energy an object has due to its position or shape? Here are the choices: A. potential energy B. repeat energy C. mechanical energy D. new energy
Why do charges flow in an electric current? The answer has to do with electric potential energy. Potential energy is stored energy that an object has due to its position or shape. An electric charge has potential energy because of its position in an electric field. For example, when two negative charges are close toget...
A: potential energy.
What kind of current flows in just one direction? Here are the choices: A. Alternating current B. direct current C. slow current D. physical current
When current flows in just one direction, it is called direct current (DC) . The diagram below shows how direct current flows through a simple circuit. An example of direct current is the current that flows through a battery-powered flashlight. In addition to batteries, solar cells and fuel cells can also provide direc...
B: direct current.
Most motions in nature follow ________ rather than straight lines? Here are the choices: A. horizontal paths B. sharp paths C. curved paths D. vertical paths
Introduction to Two-Dimensional Kinematics The arc of a basketball, the orbit of a satellite, a bicycle rounding a curve, a swimmer diving into a pool, blood gushing out of a wound, and a puppy chasing its tail are but a few examples of motions along curved paths. In fact, most motions in nature follow curved paths rat...
C: curved paths.
An object's energy due to motion is known as? Here are the choices: A. kinetic energy B. residual energy C. thermodynamic energy D. inertia
An object’s kinetic energy is the energy due to motion. Kinetic energy can be defined mathematically as.
A: kinetic energy.
While populations with unlimited resources grow exponentially, the population of a species will level off when what limit of its environment is reached? Here are the choices: A. reproduction B. carrying capacity C. niche D. extinction
45.3 Environmental Limits to Population Growth Populations with unlimited resources grow exponentially, with an accelerating growth rate. When resources become limiting, populations follow a logistic growth curve. The population of a species will level off at the carrying capacity of its environment.
B: carrying capacity.
Group 16 is called what? Here are the choices: A. the oxygen group B. noble gases C. metalloids D. the acid group
Group 16 is called the oxygen group. The first three elements in this group are nonmetals. They are followed by one metalloid and one metal. All the elements in the oxygen group have six valence electrons, and all are reactive. Oxygen (O), for example, readily reacts with metals to form compounds such as rust. Oxygen i...
A: the oxygen group.
What type of temperatures increase the likelihood of fires? Here are the choices: A. higher B. freezing C. reduced D. lower
A: higher.
Fertilizer runoff can create what type of zones in the ocean? Here are the choices: A. fresh zones B. dead zones C. hot zones D. barren zones
Fertilizer runoff can create dead zones in the ocean.
B: dead zones.
What kind of electricity can you generate with the energy found in flowing water? Here are the choices: A. hydroelectric power B. wind energy C. transient power D. electrical power
The mechanical energy of rapidly flowing water can turn a turbine and generate electricity. Electricity produced in this way is called hydroelectric power. The water may flow over a waterfall or through a dam. You can see a picture of a dam in the Figure below . A drawback of dams is that they flood land upstream from ...
A: hydroelectric power.
At the time of birth, bones of the brain case are separated by what wide areas of fibrous connective tissue, which later become sutures? Here are the choices: A. sporozoans B. cerebellum C. fontanelles D. fluctuations
7.5 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton Formation of the axial skeleton begins during early embryonic development with the appearance of the rod-like notochord along the dorsal length of the early embryo. Repeating, paired blocks of tissue called somites then appear along either side of notochord. As the somite...
C: fontanelles.
What are inorganic compounds that take the form of discrete molecules called? Here are the choices: A. magnetic compounds B. molecular compounds C. ionic compounds D. functional compounds
Molecular compounds are inorganic compounds that take the form of discrete molecules . Examples include such familiar substance as water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). These compounds are very different from ionic compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl). Ionic compounds are formed when metal atoms lose one or more o...
B: molecular compounds.
The other ammonium ions are changed into nitrogen gas by what? Here are the choices: A. fluctuations bacteria B. denitrifying bacteria C. accompanying bacteria D. fungi
The other ammonium ions are changed into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria.
B: denitrifying bacteria.
What is typical weather for chicago in winter? Here are the choices: A. rain and wind B. ice and humidity C. dry and windy D. cold & snow
Cold and snow are typical for Chicago in the winter.
D: cold & snow.
What works by providing a lower energy pathway from reactants to products? Here are the choices: A. catalyst B. thermodynamics C. magnetism D. hormones
A catalyst works by providing a lower energy pathway from reactants to products. The use of a catalyst involves intermediate reactions which have lower activation complexes than the original reaction. On a simplified reaction energy diagram, this can be thought of as lowering the activation energy for a given transform...
A: catalyst.
What is the smallest part of a compound? Here are the choices: A. dna B. electron C. nucleus D. molecule
A compound is a substance that consists of two or more elements. A compound has a unique composition that is always the same. The smallest particle of a compound is called a molecule.
D: molecule.
What layer of skin is located right beneath the epidermis? Here are the choices: A. scars B. humus C. cusps D. dermis
The dermis is the lower layer of the skin, located directly beneath the epidermis (see Figure below ). It is made of tough connective tissue and attached to the epidermis by collagen fibers. The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve endings. Because of the nerve endings, skin can feel touch, pressure, heat, cold, and...
D: dermis.
Some terrestrial species breathe through their skin and oral cavity because they lack what? Here are the choices: A. mouth B. windpipe C. nose D. lungs
D: lungs.
What is the main type of cell in the nervous system called? Here are the choices: A. conduction B. neuron C. axon D. sensory
Nervous Tissues Nervous tissues are made of cells specialized to receive and transmit electrical impulses from specific areas of the body and to send them to specific locations in the body. The main cell of the nervous system is the neuron, illustrated in Figure.
B: neuron.
Many ionic compounds occur as hydrates, compounds that contain specific ratios of loosely bound water molecules, called waters of hydration. waters of hydration can often be removed simply by doing this? Here are the choices: A. cooling B. heating C. observing D. melting
Hydrates Many ionic compounds occur as hydrates, compounds that contain specific ratios of loosely bound water molecules, called waters of hydration. Waters of hydration can often be removed simply by heating. For example, calcium dihydrogen phosphate can form a solid that contains one molecule of water per Ca(H2PO4)2 ...
B: heating.
When blood vessels in the head dilate, what kind of severe headache can occur? Here are the choices: A. chronic headache B. malignant C. tension headache D. migraine
A migraine is a more severe type of headache. It occurs when blood vessels in the head dilate, or expand. This may be triggered by certain foods, bright lights, weather changes, or other factors. People with migraines may also have nausea or other symptoms. Fortunately, migraines can often be relieved with prescription...
D: migraine.
Acne and different types of cancer can affect what large organ? Here are the choices: A. lungs B. skin C. brain D. liver
Common skin problems include acne and skin cancer.
B: skin.
Prokaryotic cells can only regulate gene expression by controlling the amount of what? Here are the choices: A. transcription B. translation C. RNA processing D. folding
Evolution of Gene Regulation Prokaryotic cells can only regulate gene expression by controlling the amount of transcription. As eukaryotic cells evolved, the complexity of the control of gene expression increased. For example, with the evolution of eukaryotic cells came compartmentalization of important cellular compon...
A: transcription.
Where do oceans absorb gases from? Here are the choices: A. atmosphere B. sunlight C. stratosphere D. wind
Oceans are an important part of the water cycle. They absorb gases from the atmosphere. They evaporate and supply water vapor to the atmosphere.
A: atmosphere.
Engaging in relatively simple behaviors helps maintain a nearly constant body temperature for organisms classified as what? Here are the choices: A. photophores B. endotherms C. placoderms D. ectotherms
D: ectotherms.
Meningitis is an infection of the membranes that cover the brain and what else? Here are the choices: A. spinal cord B. umbilical cord C. notochord D. liver
Meningitis is an infection of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. If you have meningitis, you are likely to have a fever and a headache. Another telltale symptom is a stiff neck. Meningitis can be caused by viruses or bacteria. Viral meningitis often clears up on its own after a few days. Bacterial meni...
A: spinal cord.
What use enzymes to break down foreign matter and dead cells? Here are the choices: A. lymphocytes B. hormones C. lipids D. lysosomes
Lysosomes, which use enzymes to break down foreign matter and dead cells.
D: lysosomes.
What is indicated by the ratio of the output force to the input force in a machine? Here are the choices: A. mechanical advantage B. magnetic force C. man hours D. momentum
The mechanical advantage of a machine is the factor by which the machine changes the input force. It equals the ratio of the output force to the input force. A wheel and axle may either increase or decrease the input force, depending on whether the input force is applied to the axle or the wheel.
A: mechanical advantage.
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are the two main types of what in humans? Here are the choices: A. carotenoids B. hormones C. corticosteroids D. metabolites
C: corticosteroids.
What keeps the earth orbiting the sun? Here are the choices: A. strong nuclear force B. weak nuclear force C. gravity D. magnetic force
Earth and Moon orbit each other. This Earth-Moon system orbits the Sun in a regular path ( Figure below ). Gravity is the force of attraction between all objects. Gravity keeps the Earth and Moon in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls the Moon toward Earth’s center. Without gravity, the Moon would continue moving in a ...
C: gravity.