questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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Cell communication that occurs over short distances is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. cell echo
B. contraposition signaling
C. hypersignaling
D. paracrine signaling | Cells that are communicating may be right next to each other or far apart. In juxtacrine signaling , also known as contact-dependent signaling, two adjacent cells must make physical contact in order to communicate. Cell communication may also occur over short distances, which is known as paracrine signaling , or over l... | D: paracrine signaling. |
Triggering a blink when something touches the surface of the eye, the corneal reflex is what type of reflex?
Here are the choices:
A. somatic
B. orgasmic
C. sensory
D. dendritic | connection is the basis of somatic reflexes. The corneal reflex is contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle to blink the eyelid when something touches the surface of the eye. Stretch reflexes maintain a constant length of muscles by causing a contraction of a muscle to compensate for a stretch that can be sensed by ... | A: somatic. |
Vascular disorders involve problems with the flow of what?
Here are the choices:
A. bacteria
B. saliva
C. mucus
D. blood | Vascular disorders involve problems with blood flow. For example, a stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to part of the brain. Brain cells die quickly if their oxygen supply is cut off. This may cause paralysis and loss of other normal functions, depending on the part of the brain that is damaged. | D: blood. |
In eukaryotes, mrna may be modified before leaving what?
Here are the choices:
A. epidermis
B. nucleus
C. mitochondria
D. ribosome | During transcription, a copy of mRNA is made that is complementary to a strand of DNA. In eukaryotes, mRNA may be modified before it leaves the nucleus. | B: nucleus. |
Velocity affects what type of energy more than mass does?
Here are the choices:
A. magnetic energy
B. mechanical energy
C. harmonic energy
D. kinetic energy | This equation for kinetic energy shows that velocity affects kinetic energy more than mass does. For example, if mass doubles, kinetic energy also doubles. But if velocity doubles, kinetic energy increases by a factor of four. That’s because velocity is squared in the equation. You can see for yourself how mass and vel... | D: kinetic energy. |
In which way do vertebrates reproduce?
Here are the choices:
A. sexually
B. unisexually
C. asexually
D. bisexually | Vertebrates reproduce sexually, and almost all of them have separate male and female sexes. Generally, aquatic species have external fertilization, whereas terrestrial species have internal fertilization. Can you think of a reason why aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates differ in this way?. | A: sexually. |
Neutrons and protons reside in which part of the atom?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleus
B. vacuoles
C. nucleolus
D. molecules | Neutrons, like protons, reside in the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass of 1 and no charge. The positive (protons) and negative (electrons) charges balance each other in a neutral atom, which has a net zero charge. Because protons and neutrons each have a mass of 1, the mass of an atom is equal to the number of prot... | A: nucleus. |
What are the two best known baryons?
Here are the choices:
A. flux and neurons
B. shafts and neutrons
C. electrons and neutrons
D. protons and neutrons | Particles that are composed of three quarks are called baryons . The two best known baryons are protons and neutrons. A proton is composed of two up quarks and one down quark (uud). The charge on the proton is the result of adding the charges on these quarks . Neutrons are composed of one up quark and two down quarks (... | D: protons and neutrons. |
Mutation creates new genetic variation in what?
Here are the choices:
A. mutation pool
B. disease pool
C. form pool
D. gene pool | Mutation creates new genetic variation in a gene pool. | D: gene pool. |
What hormone controls milk production in mammary glands?
Here are the choices:
A. melanin
B. pepsin
C. prolactin
D. dopamine | C: prolactin. | |
Cellular respiration brings hydrogen and oxygen together to form what?
Here are the choices:
A. air
B. cold
C. Salt
D. water | D: water. | |
What are the two components of the autonomic nervous system?
Here are the choices:
A. crystallisation and sympathetic
B. parasympathetic and sympathetic
C. empathetic and sympathetic
D. neurons and sympathetic | 31.3 Peripheral nervous system The peripheral nervous system is broken down into two sub-systems, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. ANS - Autonomic Nervous System The ANS has two components - parasympathetic and sympathetic. The sympathetic nervous system is the "fight or flight" or fright re... | B: parasympathetic and sympathetic. |
Where do lancelets live?
Here are the choices:
A. riverbeds
B. on land
C. shallow ocean water
D. deep sea caves | There are only about 25 living species of lancelets. They inhabit the ocean floor where the water is shallow. Lancelet larvae are free-swimming. The adults can swim but spend most of their time buried in the sand. Like tunicates, lancelets are filter feeders. They take in water through their mouth and expel it through ... | C: shallow ocean water. |
What is caused when circulating blood puts pressure on the walls of blood vessels?
Here are the choices:
A. atherosclerosis
B. high cholesterol
C. blood pressure
D. aneurysm | Blood pressure occurs when circulating blood puts pressure on the walls of blood vessels. | C: blood pressure. |
What is the most common bacterial sti in the u. s.?
Here are the choices:
A. diarrhea
B. tuberculosis
C. influenza
D. chlamydia | Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI in the U. S. Females are more likely to develop it than males. Symptoms may include burning during urination and a discharge from the vagina or penis. | D: chlamydia. |
In what unit is heat measured in?
Here are the choices:
A. velocities
B. amperes
C. thermals
D. joules | The heat that is either absorbed or released is measured in joules. The mass is measured in grams. The change in temperature is given by , where is the final temperature and is the initial temperature. | D: joules. |
In which type of cells are most organelles not found?
Here are the choices:
A. prokaryotic cells
B. endoplasmic cells
C. heterogeneous cells
D. eukaryotic cells | Eukaryotic cells have many specific functions, so it can be said that a cell is like a factory. A factory has many machines and people, and each has a specific role. Just like a factory, the cell is made up of many different parts. Each part has a special role. The different parts of the cell are called organelles , wh... | A: prokaryotic cells. |
Which three colors are called the primary colors of light?
Here are the choices:
A. black, white, red
B. red, blue, yellow
C. blue, green, violet
D. red, green, blue | The human eye can distinguish only red, green, and blue light. These three colors are called the primary colors of light. All other colors of light can be created by combining the primary colors. Look at the Venn diagram below . Red and green light combine to form yellow light. Red and blue light combine to form magent... | D: red, green, blue. |
Water dissolving minerals out of rocks makes ocean water what?
Here are the choices:
A. sweet
B. bitter
C. salty
D. muddy | Ocean water is salty because water dissolves minerals out of rocks. This happens whenever water flows over or through rocks. Much of this water and its minerals flow in rivers that end up in the oceans. Minerals dissolved in water form salts. When the water evaporates, it leaves the salts behind. As a result, ocean wat... | C: salty. |
Like the energy content in food, the energy expenditures of exercise are also reported in what units?
Here are the choices:
A. kilocalories
B. ironies
C. grams
D. gigabytes | To Your Health: Energy Expenditures Most health professionals agree that exercise is a valuable component of a healthy lifestyle. Exercise not only strengthens the body and develops muscle tone but also expends energy. After obtaining energy from the foods we eat, we need to expend that energy somehow, or our bodies wi... | A: kilocalories. |
What's the term for an allele that's always expressed over another?
Here are the choices:
A. recessive
B. mutated
C. prevalent
D. dominant | When two different alleles (heritable factors) are inherited together, one may be expressed, while the effect of the other may be “silenced. ” In the case of pod color, the allele for green pods is always expressed and is dominant . The allele for yellow pods, which is not expressed, is recessive . For instance, if a p... | D: dominant. |
Series and parallel circuits are two basic types of what?
Here are the choices:
A. chemical circuits
B. mutual circuits
C. electric circuits
D. mechanical circuits | There are two basic types of electric circuits, called series and parallel circuits. They differ in the number of loops through which current can flow. You can see an example of each type of circuit in Figure below . | C: electric circuits. |
Transport of water and solutes in plants water potential is a measure of the difference in potential energy between a water sample and this?
Here are the choices:
A. dirty water
B. green water
C. pure water
D. salty water | 30.5 Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants Water potential (Ψ) is a measure of the difference in potential energy between a water sample and pure water. The water potential in plant solutions is influenced by solute concentration, pressure, gravity, and matric potential. Water potential and transpiration influence h... | C: pure water. |
Three distinct layers or tunics form the walls of what structures; the first is a smooth, inner lining of endothelial cells in contact with the red blood cells?
Here are the choices:
A. lungs
B. blood vessels
C. white blood cells
D. alveoli | The structure of the different types of blood vessels reflects their function or layers. There are three distinct layers, or tunics, that form the walls of blood vessels (Figure 40.16). The first tunic is a smooth, inner lining of endothelial cells that are in contact with the red blood cells. The endothelial tunic is ... | B: blood vessels. |
Groundwater does what to the rock beneath the ground surface?
Here are the choices:
A. accelerates it
B. creates it
C. erodes it
D. boosts it | Groundwater erodes rock beneath the ground surface. Limestone is a carbonate and is most easily eroded. | C: erodes it. |
Technetium is named after the greektechnikos, meaning “artificial,” because all its isotopes are what?
Here are the choices:
A. neutral
B. radioactive
C. plastic
D. rare | Group 7 (Mn, Tc, and Re) Continuing across the periodic table, we encounter the group 7 elements (Table 23.5 "Some Properties of the Elements of Groups 6 and 7"). One group 7 metal (Mn) is usually combined with iron in an alloy called ferromanganese, which has been used since 1856 to improve the mechanical properties o... | B: radioactive. |
What is a galvanic process that can be prevented using cathodic protection?
Here are the choices:
A. vaporization
B. explosion
C. sublimation
D. corrosion | Corrosion is a galvanic process that can be prevented using cathodic protection. CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS 1. | D: corrosion. |
What are drumlins, eskers, and kettle lakes formed by?
Here are the choices:
A. meteors
B. tsunamis
C. glaciers
D. earthquakes | Drumlins, eskers, and kettle lakes are features made of glacial till. | C: glaciers. |
What is the vector sum of all the torques acting on the object called?
Here are the choices:
A. total torque
B. gross torque
C. net torque
D. critical torque | The net torque is the vector sum of all the torques acting on the object. When adding torques it is necessary to subtract CW from CCW torques. | C: net torque. |
An electric current flows in a path called what?
Here are the choices:
A. electric course
B. electric circuit
C. electric ring
D. fuse | Electricity refers to a number of phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity includes such diverse things as lightning, static electricity, the current generated by a battery as it discharges, and many other influences on our daily lives. The flow or movement of charge is an electri... | B: electric circuit. |
What gas can be generated by reacting sodium bromide with elemental chlorine?
Here are the choices:
A. elemental bromine gas
B. Molecular Bromine Gas
C. gaseous bromine gas
D. photons bromine gas | Elemental bromine gas can be generated by reacting sodium bromide with elemental chlorine. The other product is sodium chloride. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. | A: elemental bromine gas. |
What is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits?
Here are the choices:
A. parasitism
B. symbiosis
C. morphogenesis
D. endosymbiosis | Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits. | B: symbiosis. |
Over many generations, the resulting genetic diversity provides valuable raw material for what?
Here are the choices:
A. intelligent selection
B. coral selection
C. natural selection
D. characteristic selection | C: natural selection. | |
What pulls skydivers towards the earth?
Here are the choices:
A. inertia
B. impact
C. momentum
D. gravity | Skydivers are pulled towards the Earth by gravity. Gravity exerts a force on the skydivers. A force is a push or pull. Some pushes and pulls can be seen. | D: gravity. |
What occurs when a gas passes through an opening that is smaller than the mean free path of the particles?
Here are the choices:
A. precipitation
B. dissipation
C. malformation
D. effusion | Figure 9.28 Diffusion occurs when gas molecules disperse throughout a container. Effusion occurs when a gas passes through an opening that is smaller than the mean free path of the particles, that is, the average distance traveled between collisions. Effectively, this means that only one particle passes through at a ti... | D: effusion. |
What are the preserved remains of animals, plants, and other organisms called?
Here are the choices:
A. basalt
B. skulls
C. rocks
D. fossils | Fossils are the preserved remains of animals, plants, and other organisms from the distant past. Examples of fossils include bones, teeth, and impressions. By studying fossils, evidence for evolution is revealed. Paleontologists are scientists who study fossils to learn about life in the past. Fossils allow these scien... | D: fossils. |
What group of elements cannot conduct electricity?
Here are the choices:
A. phosphates
B. metals
C. carbonates
D. nonmetals | Nonmetals are elements that generally cannot conduct electricity. They are the second largest class of elements after metals. Examples of nonmetals include hydrogen, carbon, chlorine, and helium. | D: nonmetals. |
What is the name of a tough, fibrous membrane which protects the outer layer of bone?
Here are the choices:
A. cartilage
B. the epithelium
C. the periosteum
D. marrow | Periosteum is a tough, fibrous membrane that covers and protects the outer surfaces of bone. | C: the periosteum. |
Bond lengths are intermediate between covalent single bonds and what?
Here are the choices:
A. trivalent bonds
B. wavefunction double bonds
C. gravitational double bonds
D. covalent double bonds | Bond lengths are intermediate between covalent single bonds and covalent double bonds. | D: covalent double bonds. |
Under a microscope, salt crystals are what shape?
Here are the choices:
A. circles
B. triangles
C. squares
D. cubes | Under a microscope, salt crystals are cubes. | D: cubes. |
Where part of the atmosphere is the uppermost mantle?
Here are the choices:
A. thermosphere
B. isosphere
C. troposphere
D. lithosphere | The lithosphere is the brittle crust and uppermost mantle. | D: lithosphere. |
In a heat map, what color represents the hottest temperatures?
Here are the choices:
A. pink
B. bright yellow
C. orange
D. bright red | A heat wave over the United States as indicated by heat radiated from the ground. The bright yellow areas are the hottest, and the blue and white are coolest. | B: bright yellow. |
All living things require what, which most ecosystems obtain from the sun?
Here are the choices:
A. energy
B. water
C. heat
D. oxygen | All living things need energy. Most ecosystems get energy from the Sun. Producers use the energy to make food. They pass some of the energy to consumers. Food chains and food webs show how energy flows through ecosystems. | A: energy. |
Kelvin is a temperature measure in which the lowest temperature is what?
Here are the choices:
A. accurate zero
B. absolute zero
C. definitive zero
D. anomalous zero | Kelvin is a temperature measure in which the lowest temperature is absolute zero. | B: absolute zero. |
The basic fabric of most biological membranes is a double layer of _________ and other lipids?
Here are the choices:
A. phospholipids
B. liquids
C. antibodies
D. solids | A: phospholipids. | |
What is the name for the organs behind the head of a fish that absorb oxygen from water?
Here are the choices:
A. lungs
B. pores
C. gills
D. alveoli | Fish have gills. Gills are organs behind the head that absorb oxygen from water. Water enters through the mouth, passes over the gills, and then exits the body. | C: gills. |
What system gets less effective with age, that generally makes older people more disease susceptible?
Here are the choices:
A. reproductive system
B. infectious system
C. nervous system
D. immune system | The immune system naturally becomes less effective as people get older. This is why older people are generally more susceptible to disease. | D: immune system. |
Which type of tides are created when the sun and moon's tides match?
Here are the choices:
A. weak tides
B. spring tides
C. low tides
D. Neap tides | When the Sun's and Moon's tides match, there are spring tides. When the two tides are opposed, there are neap tides. | B: spring tides. |
What is the process of creating an exact genetic replica of an organism called?
Here are the choices:
A. reproducing
B. copying
C. converting
D. cloning | Cloning is the process of creating an exact genetic replica of an organism. The clone’s DNA is exactly the same as the parent’s DNA. Bacteria and other single-celled organisms have long been able to clone themselves through asexual reproduction. Plants can also reproduce asexually. In animals, however, cloning does not... | D: cloning. |
An example of hydrolysis working within our bodies is the process of what?
Here are the choices:
A. absorption
B. filtration
C. breathing
D. digestion | D: digestion. | |
What theory can explain virtually all the properties of metals?
Here are the choices:
A. band theory
B. formation theory
C. property law theory
D. bonding theory | Band theory can explain virtually all the properties of metals. Metals conduct electricity, for example, because only a very small amount of energy is required to excite an electron from a filled level to an empty one, where it is free to migrate rapidly throughout the crystal in response to an applied electric field. ... | A: band theory. |
Serious imbalances, cancer and other diseases can result when expression of what goes awry?
Here are the choices:
A. genes
B. proteins
C. gametes
D. ribosomes | A: genes. | |
Which organ's diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes?
Here are the choices:
A. lungs
B. heart
C. kidney
D. pancreas | Kidney diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes. Kidney failure may be treated with dialysis. | C: kidney. |
What single-celled organism can be either a predator, decomposer, herbivore, or parasite in the food chain?
Here are the choices:
A. mites
B. protozoa
C. vertebrates
D. Diatoms | Protozoa generally feed by engulfing and digesting other organisms. As consumers, they have various roles in food chains and webs. Some are predators. They prey upon other single-celled organisms, such as bacteria. In fact, protozoa predators keep many bacterial populations in check. Other protozoa are herbivores. They... | B: protozoa. |
What layer, made of hot, solid rock, is beneath the earth's crust?
Here are the choices:
A. mantle
B. magma
C. core
D. marble | Beneath the crust is the mantle . The mantle is made of hot, solid rock. Through the process of conduction, heat flows from warmer objects to cooler objects ( Figure below ). The lower mantle is heated directly by conduction from the core. | A: mantle. |
Some bacteria can contaminate food and cause what illness?
Here are the choices:
A. bacterial spoilage
B. natural poisoning
C. food poisoning
D. bacterial poisoning | Some bacteria can contaminate food and cause food poisoning. | C: food poisoning. |
The enzyme pepsin works only in the presence of what?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. carbohydrates
C. acid
D. sodium | The enzyme pepsin works only in the presence of acid. A strong acid is secreted into the stomach. It provides the acid that pepsin needs. You will learn about acids in the next chapter, "Chemistry of Solutions. " Vinegar and lemon juice are two common acids. | C: acid. |
What organisms known as decomposers break down wastes and dead organisms into smaller molecules?
Here are the choices:
A. herbivores
B. trees
C. consumers
D. bacteria | Bacteria known as decomposers break down wastes and dead organisms into smaller molecules. These bacteria use the organic substrates they break down to get their energy, carbon, and nutrients they need for survival. | D: bacteria. |
Both flukes and tapeworms are parasites with what kind of host?
Here are the choices:
A. cells
B. trees
C. insect
D. vertebrate | Both flukes and tapeworms are parasites with vertebrate hosts, including human hosts. Flukes live in the host’s circulatory system or liver. Tapeworms live in the host’s digestive system. Usually, more than one type of host is required to complete the parasite’s life cycle. Look at the life cycle of the liver fluke in ... | D: vertebrate. |
What is the transfer of information from rna to dna called?
Here are the choices:
A. confront transcription
B. forward transcription
C. reverse differentiation
D. reverse transcription | Reverse transcription is the transfer of information from RNA to DNA. The is the reverse of normal transcription. Reverse transcription occurs in retroviruses, such as HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Retroviruses are RNA viruses that are duplicated in a host cell by using reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA fr... | D: reverse transcription. |
In science, anything that has mass and volume is considered what?
Here are the choices:
A. an element
B. renewable
C. matter
D. visible | Matter is all the “stuff” that exists in the universe. Everything you can see and touch is made of matter, including you! The only things that aren’t matter are forms of energy, such as light and sound. In science, matter is defined as anything that has mass and volume. Mass and volume measure different aspects of matt... | C: matter. |
Cells with different functions often differ in what physical property?
Here are the choices:
A. size
B. weight
C. density
D. shape | Cells come in many different shapes. Cells with different functions often have different shapes. | D: shape. |
Wich disorder arises when defective valves allow blood to accumulate within the veins?
Here are the choices:
A. cataracts veins
B. bulging veins
C. vascular disease
D. varicose veins | Edema may be accompanied by varicose veins, especially in the superficial veins of the legs (Figure 20.8). This disorder arises when defective valves allow blood to accumulate within the veins, causing them to distend, twist, and become visible on the surface of the integument. Varicose veins may occur in both sexes, b... | D: varicose veins. |
Ocean water has what property because water dissolves minerals out of rocks?
Here are the choices:
A. sweet
B. salty
C. muddy
D. fizzy | Ocean water is salty because water dissolves minerals out of rocks. The ions enter the water. This happens whenever water flows over or through rocks. Much of this water and its minerals end up in the oceans. Minerals dissolved in water form salts. When the water evaporates, it leaves the salts behind. As a result, oce... | B: salty. |
What term refers to patterns of stars seen from earth?
Here are the choices:
A. horoscope
B. astronomers
C. constellations
D. astrology | Constellations are patterns of stars seen from Earth. These stars are usually not near each other. | C: constellations. |
What gives the plant cell strength and protection?
Here are the choices:
A. the cell nucleus
B. the genes
C. a cell wall
D. the protons | Second, plant cells have a cell wall , while animal cells do not ( Figure below ). The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane but does not keep substances from entering or leaving the cell. A cell wall gives the plant cell strength and protection. | C: a cell wall. |
If pollination occurs, what does the zygote develop into?
Here are the choices:
A. an egg
B. an ovum
C. an embryo
D. a sperm | Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from a male to female cone. If sperm then travel from the pollen to an egg so fertilization can occur, a diploid zygote results. The zygote develops into an embryo within a seed, which forms from the ovule inside the female cone. If the seed germinates, it may grow into a m... | C: an embryo. |
Hiv has proteins called what, internal to the envelope, which help stabilize virion shape?
Here are the choices:
A. reduction proteins
B. step proteins
C. matrix proteins
D. sphere proteins | Figure 21.4 Viruses can be either complex in shape or relatively simple. This figure shows three relatively complex virions: the bacteriophage T4, with its DNA-containing head group and tail fibers that attach to host cells; adenovirus, which uses spikes from its capsid to bind to host cells; and HIV, which uses glycop... | C: matrix proteins. |
What are two basic types of pollutants in the air?
Here are the choices:
A. organic and inorganic
B. pesticides and smog
C. smog and coal
D. primary and secondary pollutants | There are two basic types of pollutants in air. They are known as primary pollutants and secondary pollutants. | D: primary and secondary pollutants. |
How do humans learn behaviors?
Here are the choices:
A. Verbal pressure
B. pressure
C. conditioning
D. Aural pressure | Humans learn behaviors through conditioning, as well. A young child might learn to put away his toys by being rewarded with a bedtime story. An older child might learn to study for tests in school by being rewarded with better grades. Can you think of behaviors you have learned by being rewarded for them?. | C: conditioning. |
Just about all life processes depend on what?
Here are the choices:
A. meat
B. water
C. air
D. carbon | Water is involved in many biochemical reactions. As a result, just about all life processes depend on water. | B: water. |
During labor, what do contractions of the muscular walls of the uterus cause?
Here are the choices:
A. excretion
B. spontaneous abortion
C. cervical dilation
D. premature birth | Near the time of birth, the amniotic sac breaks in a gush of fluid. Labor usually begins within a day of this event. Labor involves contractions of the muscular walls of the uterus, which cause the cervix to dilate. With the mother’s help, the contractions eventually push the fetus out of the uterus and through the vag... | C: cervical dilation. |
How is communication initiated and maintained with spacecraft?
Here are the choices:
A. sonar
B. wi-fi
C. radio waves
D. telegraph | Radio waves are used for communicating with spacecraft. A round-trip communication from Earth to Mars takes anywhere from 6 to 42 minutes. What challenges might this present for sending unmanned spacecraft and probes to Mars?. | C: radio waves. |
Dna replication is the first step in what process for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Here are the choices:
A. cell division
B. cell transfer
C. cell growth
D. cell death | 1. The first step in eukaryotic cell division, as it is in prokaryotic cell division, is DNA replication. As you can see in Figure below , each chromosome then consists of two identical copies. The two copies are called sister chromatids. They are attached to each other at a point called the centromere. | A: cell division. |
The prostate is formed of both muscular and which other tissues?
Here are the choices:
A. scar
B. cartilage tissue
C. nonvascular tissue
D. glandular | Prostate Gland As shown in Figure 27.2, the centrally located prostate gland sits anterior to the rectum at the base of the bladder surrounding the prostatic urethra (the portion of the urethra that runs within the prostate). About the size of a walnut, the prostate is formed of both muscular and glandular tissues. It ... | D: glandular. |
A mammal that reproduces by laying eggs is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. mammal
B. monotreme
C. cactaceae
D. maidenhair | Platypus. The platypus is a monotreme, a mammal that reproduces by laying eggs. | B: monotreme. |
Adaptations that go along with the active, carnivorous lifestyle of sharks are known as?
Here are the choices:
A. similar senses
B. Relative traits
C. acute senses
D. acute parameters | C: acute senses. | |
What is considered to be the control center for homeostatic mechanisms?
Here are the choices:
A. thyroid
B. adrenal cortex
C. hypothalamus
D. hippocampus | The Hypothalamus The hypothalamus is the control center for many homeostatic mechanisms. It regulates both autonomic function and endocrine function. The roles it plays in the pupillary reflexes demonstrates the importance of this control center. The optic nerve projects primarily to the thalamus, which is the necessar... | C: hypothalamus. |
What molecules with a nitrogen base are the basic components of nucleic acids?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleiotides
B. enzymes
C. sporozoans
D. nuclides | The basic components of nucleic acids are nucleotides. A nucleotide is a molecule that contains a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base. The five-carbon sugar is either ribose, in the case of RNA, or deoxyribose, in the case of DNA. The only difference between the two molecules is the pre... | A: nucleiotides. |
What were the first vertebrates to evolve?
Here are the choices:
A. trees
B. snail
C. fish
D. shark | Fish were the first vertebrates to evolve. The earliest fish lived in the water, and modern fish are still aquatic. | C: fish. |
What is defined as the rate of energy transferred?
Here are the choices:
A. charge
B. pressure
C. capacity
D. power | gravitational potential energy. Making Connections: Power Power is defined as the rate of energy transferred, or E / t . Fluid flow involves several types of power. Each type of power is identified with a specific type of energy being expended or changed in form. | D: power. |
The cochlea and vestibul make up what part of the ear?
Here are the choices:
A. inner
B. upper
C. middle
D. outer | Figure 14.5 Structures of the Ear The external ear contains the auricle, ear canal, and tympanic membrane. The middle ear contains the ossicles and is connected to the pharynx by the Eustachian tube. The inner ear contains the cochlea and vestibule, which are responsible for audition and equilibrium, respectively. | A: inner. |
An individual with the appropriate number of what for their species is called euploid; abnormalities in this number include trisomy and monosomy?
Here are the choices:
A. genes
B. chromosomes
C. neutrons
D. ribosomes | Aneuploidy An individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species is called euploid; in humans, euploidy corresponds to 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. An individual with an error in chromosome number is described as aneuploid, a term that includes monosomy (loss of one chromo... | B: chromosomes. |
A, t, g, and c pairs are associated with what substance that is important in genetics?
Here are the choices:
A. plasma
B. blood
C. dna
D. bacteria | Only certain types of base pairing are allowed. For example, a certain purine can only pair with a certain pyrimidine. This means A can pair with T, and G can pair with C, as shown in Figure 3.33. This is known as the base complementary rule. In other words, the DNA strands are complementary to each other. If the seque... | C: dna. |
What female flower structure, which is part of the pistil, receives the pollen grains and passes them to the ovary?
Here are the choices:
A. stigma
B. sepal
C. ovary
D. style | Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. Each pea plant flower has both male and female parts. The anther is part of the stamen, the male structure that produces male gametes (pollen). The stigma is part of the pistil, the female structure that produces female gametes and guides the pollen grains to them. The sti... | A: stigma. |
What is used by sensitive systems to detect even low levels of radiation?
Here are the choices:
A. ions
B. electrons
C. crystals
D. radars | Measurement of exposure to radioactivity is important for anyone who deals with radioactive materials on a regular basis. Perhaps the simplest device is a personal dosimeter – a film badge that will fog up when exposed to radiation. The amount of fogging is proportional to the amount of radiation present. These devices... | C: crystals. |
What is the leading cause of skin cancer?
Here are the choices:
A. artificial light
B. sunlight
C. dehydration
D. smoking | Forms of radiation that cause cancer include ultraviolet (UV) radiation and radon ( Figure below ). UV radiation is part of sunlight. It is the leading cause of skin cancer. Radon is a natural radioactive gas that seeps into buildings from the ground. It can cause lung cancer. | B: sunlight. |
What is cholera?
Here are the choices:
A. protein
B. bacteria
C. glucose
D. energy | Unsafe drinking water causes 88% of diseases worldwide. In many nations, these diseases are the leading cause of death in children under the age of five. More than 14,000 people die every day from such diseases. Cholera is caused by bacteria. A person gets guinea worm from drinking the guinea worm larvae ( Figure below... | B: bacteria. |
Which element has atomic number 87?
Here are the choices:
A. barium
B. francium
C. iron
D. argon | Francium has an atomic number of 87. Write the chemical equation for the alpha particle emission of 212Fr. What is the daughter isotope?. | B: francium. |
What is the basic chemical building block of matter; it is the simplest chemical substance?
Here are the choices:
A. element
B. hydrogen
C. atoms
D. helium | An element is the basic chemical building block of matter; it is the simplest chemical substance. | A: element. |
What do you call the lower layer of soil that is permanently frozen, and is a frequent feature of tundra?
Here are the choices:
A. solid
B. permafrost
C. solvent
D. underfoot | Polar climates are found near the North and South Poles. They also occur on high mountains at lower latitudes. The summers are very cool, and the winters are frigid. Precipitation is very low because it’s so cold. The growing season is very short. Tundra prefers areas of permafrost. Permafrost is a lower layer of soil ... | B: permafrost. |
Modern taxonomy is based on many hypotheses' of the evolutionary history of organisms, known as this?
Here are the choices:
A. algorithm
B. phylogeny
C. pathogeny
D. cladistic | 22.0.6 Phylogeny, Cladistics & Cladogram Modern taxonomy is based on many hypotheses' of the evolutionary history of organisms, known as phylogeny. As with the Scientific Method, scientists develop a hypothesis on the history of an animal and utilise modern science and technology to prove the phylogeny. Cladistics is a... | B: phylogeny. |
What method plays a role in determining the approximate age of the earth and makes use of uranium?
Here are the choices:
A. fuel dating
B. radioactive dating
C. waste dating
D. carbon dating | Things Great and Small Nuclear Decay Helps Explain Earth’s Hot Interior A puzzle created by radioactive dating of rocks is resolved by radioactive heating of Earth’s interior. This intriguing story is another example of how small-scale physics can explain large-scale phenomena. Radioactive dating plays a role in determ... | B: radioactive dating. |
The study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter is what?
Here are the choices:
A. nuclear energy
B. geology
C. biochemistry
D. thermodynamics | Energy Thermodynamics refers to the study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter. The matter relevant to a particular case of energy transfer is called a system, and everything outside of that matter is called the surroundings. For instance, when heating a pot of water on the stove, the system includes... | D: thermodynamics. |
In a science lab, what device would you use to measure the volume of a liquid?
Here are the choices:
A. yardstick
B. anemometer
C. Richter scale
D. graduated cylinder | Measuring devices must be used correctly to get accurate measurements. Figure below shows the correct way to use a graduated cylinder to measure the volume of a liquid. | D: graduated cylinder. |
Human blood has a buffering system to minimize extreme changes in what?
Here are the choices:
A. calcium
B. ions
C. ph
D. sodium level | Buffers work well only for limited amounts of added strong acid or base. Once either solute is all reacted, the solution is no longer a buffer, and rapid changes in pH may occur. We say that a buffer has a certain capacity. Buffers that have more solute dissolved in them to start with have larger capacities, as might b... | C: ph. |
The unpaired ethmoid bone is located where within the central skull?
Here are the choices:
A. at the fold
B. at the point
C. at the top
D. at the midline | Figure 7.12 Ethmoid Bone The unpaired ethmoid bone is located at the midline within the central skull. It has an upward projection, the crista galli, and a downward projection, the perpendicular plate, which forms the upper nasal septum. The cribriform plates form both the roof of the nasal cavity and a portion of the ... | D: at the midline. |
A statement is considered what if it is open to being falsified?
Here are the choices:
A. valid
B. premature
C. hypothesis
D. untrue | At a given temperature, individual particles of a substance have a range of kinetic energies. | C: hypothesis. |
Name the physical phenomenon of the ocean that has a significant impact on both ocean life and human life.
Here are the choices:
A. el nieto
B. las nino
C. el nino
D. el pino | 2.11 EL NIÑO Introduction: Consider the physical dynamics of the oceans. WOW! That sounds like trouble! What do “physical dynamics” mean? It sounds hard and boring. Not to fear. Though it may be boring to some of you, it should not be too hard. What is meant by “physical dynamics”? Physical refers to something that is ... | C: el nino. |
What is the process by which large particles, such as cells, are taken in by a cell?
Here are the choices:
A. active transport
B. phagocytosis
C. mitosis
D. diffusion | Phagocytosis is the process by which large particles, such as cells, are taken in by a cell. For example, when microorganisms invade the human body, a type of white blood cell called a neutrophil removes the invader through this process, surrounding and engulfing the microorganism, which is then destroyed by the neutro... | B: phagocytosis. |
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