questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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Archaeal cell walls contain a variety of polysaccharides and proteins but lack what?
Here are the choices:
A. S-layers
B. DNA
C. peptidoglycan
D. RNA | C: peptidoglycan. | |
What are lipids' function in relation to nerves?
Here are the choices:
A. reproduction
B. conservation
C. transportation
D. protection | Lipids are nutrients, such as fats that store energy. Lipids also have several other roles in the body. For example, lipids protect nerves and make up the membranes that surround cells. | D: protection. |
What's the name for the point reached at a ph of 7?
Here are the choices:
A. constriction point
B. equivalence point
C. analogous point
D. acidic point | As base is added to acid at the beginning of a titration, the pH rises very slowly. Nearer to the equivalence point, the pH begins to rapidly increase. If the titration is a strong acid with a strong base, the pH at the equivalence point is equal to 7. A bit past the equivalence point, the rate of change of the pH agai... | B: equivalence point. |
Crystallization separates mixtures based on differences in what, which usually increases with temperature?
Here are the choices:
A. viscosity
B. solubility
C. density
D. humidity | Crystallization separates mixtures based on differences in solubility, a measure of how much solid substance remains dissolved in a given amount of a specified liquid. Most substances are more soluble at higher temperatures, so a mixture of two or more substances can be dissolved at an elevated temperature and then all... | B: solubility. |
Pure substances have a constant composition and can only be changed through what?
Here are the choices:
A. liquid reactions
B. heating
C. dissolution
D. chemical reactions | When studying the different states that matter exhibits, we have been looking at pure substances . Pure substances have a constant composition and can only be changed through chemical reactions. Constant composition indicates that a sample of a pure substance always contains the same elements in the same proportions. T... | D: chemical reactions. |
Which water from the equator mixes with cold water from the poles?
Here are the choices:
A. spring water
B. ice water
C. warm
D. hot | Water flows through all the world’s oceans. Warm water from the Equator mixes with cold water from the poles. The mixing of warm and cold water makes the water temperature moderate. | C: warm. |
In order to determine its molecular formula, it is necessary to know what about the compound?
Here are the choices:
A. protons mass
B. polar mass
C. molar mass
D. lipid mass | Empirical formulas can be determined from the percent composition of a compound. In order to determine its molecular formula, it is necessary to know the molar mass of the compound. Chemists use an instrument called a mass spectrometer to determine the molar mass of compounds. In order to go from the empirical formula ... | C: molar mass. |
What is the term for much bigger evolutionary changes that result in new species?
Here are the choices:
A. breaking away
B. recalibration
C. macroevolution
D. regression | Macroevolution refers to much bigger evolutionary changes that result in new species. Macroevolution may happen:. | C: macroevolution. |
What are the effects of light on plant morphology called?
Here are the choices:
A. electrogenesis
B. photomorphogenesis
C. Microsporogenesis
D. Megasporogenesis | B: photomorphogenesis. | |
In a magnet, what are the regions called that are the strongest?
Here are the choices:
A. positives
B. negatives
C. poles
D. plates | A magnet is an object that attracts certain materials such as iron. All magnets have north and south magnetic poles. The poles are regions where the magnet is strongest. | C: poles. |
What kind of muscle cells undergo twitch-type contractions with long refractory periods followed by brief relaxation periods, allowing the heart to fill with blood for the next cycle?
Here are the choices:
A. smooth muscle
B. skeletal muscle
C. cardiac muscle
D. nervous muscle | Cardiac muscle undergoes aerobic respiration patterns, primarily metabolizing lipids and carbohydrates. Myoglobin, lipids, and glycogen are all stored within the cytoplasm. Cardiac muscle cells undergo twitch-type contractions with long refractory periods followed by brief relaxation periods. The relaxation is essentia... | C: cardiac muscle. |
What is a factor in determining weight but not mass?
Here are the choices:
A. material
B. gravity
C. location
D. function | Mass is independent of location, while weight depends on location. | C: location. |
What occurs when two nonpolar liquids are mixed?
Here are the choices:
A. sediment - nonpolar interactions
B. polar-nonpolar interactions
C. nonpolar-nonpolar interactions
D. refracted - nonpolar interactions | Nonpolar-nonpolar interactions occur when two nonpolar liquids are mixed. An example of this is the interaction between toluene and octane (see Figures above and below ). The interactions between a molecule of toluene and a molecule of octane are relatively weak, but so are the toluene-toluene and octane-octane interac... | C: nonpolar-nonpolar interactions. |
Although much of the heart's basic structure is complete by the end of the fifth week, what fetal structures remain until birth or shortly after?
Here are the choices:
A. umbilical arteries
B. blood shunts
C. heart shunts
D. renal arteries | The five regions of the primitive heart tube develop into recognizable structures in a fully developed heart. The truncus arteriosus will eventually divide and give rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. The bulbus cordis develops into the right ventricle. The primitive ventricle forms the left ventricle. The... | B: blood shunts. |
Because sound waves must move through a medium, there are no sound waves in a what?
Here are the choices:
A. solid
B. liquid
C. vacuum
D. gas | Sound Auditory stimuli are sound waves, which are mechanical, pressure waves that move through a medium, such as air or water. There are no sound waves in a vacuum since there are no air molecules to move in waves. The speed of sound waves differs, based on altitude, temperature, and medium, but at sea level and a temp... | C: vacuum. |
Bicarbonate is the second most abundant anion in the blood. its principal function is to maintain your body’s acid-base balance by being part of these?
Here are the choices:
A. buffer systems
B. curb systems
C. compound systems
D. stream systems | Bicarbonate Bicarbonate is the second most abundant anion in the blood. Its principal function is to maintain your body’s acid-base balance by being part of buffer systems. This role will be discussed in a different section. Bicarbonate ions result from a chemical reaction that starts with carbon dioxide (CO2) and wate... | A: buffer systems. |
What process involves two cell divisions and produces four haploid cells?
Here are the choices:
A. meiosis
B. Klerokinesis
C. mutations
D. Mitosis | Meiosis involves two cell divisions and produces four haploid cells. | A: meiosis. |
What happens to a chain of amino acids after it reaches a stop codon?
Here are the choices:
A. released from the ribosome
B. digestion stops
C. metabolism begins
D. stays in ribosome | The chain of amino acids keeps growing until a stop codon is reached. Then the chain is released from the ribosome. | A: released from the ribosome. |
How many electrons can be accommodated in the first electron shell's orbital?
Here are the choices:
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. none | B: 2. | |
Species distributions are a consequence of both ecological and evolutionary what?
Here are the choices:
A. interactions
B. fluctuations
C. particles
D. isolation | A: interactions. | |
What is the name of the mineral that contains calcium, carbon and oxygen?
Here are the choices:
A. calcite
B. quartz
C. cobalt
D. granite | Law stating that pressure in a moving fluid is less when the fluid is moving faster. | A: calcite. |
What medical emergency occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to part of the brain, causing death of brain cells?
Here are the choices:
A. epileptic seizure
B. cardiac arrest
C. stroke
D. heart murmur | A stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to part of the brain. Brain cells die quickly when their oxygen supply is cut off. Therefore, a stroke may cause permanent loss of normal mental functions. Many stroke patients suffer some degree of paralysis, or loss of the ability to feel or move certain parts of th... | C: stroke. |
What are the strongest magnets made?
Here are the choices:
A. natural magnets
B. permanent magnets
C. electromagnets
D. polarized magnets | An electromagnet is a solenoid wrapped around a bar of iron or other ferromagnetic material. The magnetic field of the coil magnetizes the bar, which adds to the strength of the magnetic field. Electromagnets are the strongest magnets made. | C: electromagnets. |
What vessels supply blood to the myocardium and other components of the heart?
Here are the choices:
A. coronary arteries
B. rapid arteries
C. specialized arteries
D. surface arteries | Coronary Arteries Coronary arteries supply blood to the myocardium and other components of the heart. The first portion of the aorta after it arises from the left ventricle gives rise to the coronary arteries. There are three dilations in the wall of the aorta just superior to the aortic semilunar valve. Two of these, ... | A: coronary arteries. |
An endocrine disease usually involves the secretion of too much or not enough of what?
Here are the choices:
A. hormone
B. protein
C. neurotransmitter
D. metabolism | Diseases of the endocrine system are relatively common. An endocrine disease usually involves the secretion of too much or not enough hormone. When too much hormone is secreted, it is called hypersecretion . When not enough hormone is secreted, it is called hyposecretion . | A: hormone. |
What is it called when a gene at one location (locus) alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at another locus?
Here are the choices:
A. epigenesis
B. spontaneous mutation
C. exogenous
D. epistasis | Epistasis is when a gene at one location (locus) alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at another locus. Epistasis takes place when the action of one gene is modified by one or several other genes. These genes are sometimes called modifier genes . The gene whose phenotype is expressed is said to be epistatic , whi... | D: epistasis. |
Called the powerhouses of the cell, what organelles are the site of cellular energy production?
Here are the choices:
A. mitosis
B. mitochondria
C. cell wall
D. nucleus | The mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. Mitochondria are the organelles where cellular energy is produced, providing the energy needed to power chemical reactions. This process, known as cellular respiration , produces energy is in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Cells that use a lot of energy may h... | B: mitochondria. |
What is the name of the major sex hormone in females?
Here are the choices:
A. glucose
B. testosterone
C. estrogen
D. insulin | Two functions of the female reproductive system are producing eggs and secreting estrogen. Eggs are female gametes. Estrogen is the major sex hormone in females. The female reproductive system also supports a developing fetus and gives birth to an infant. | C: estrogen. |
What is the smallest unit of a living thing?
Here are the choices:
A. proton
B. cell
C. organ
D. electron | A cell is the smallest unit of a living thing. A living thing, like you, is called an organism. Thus, cells are the basic building blocks of all organisms. In multicellular organisms, several cells of one particular kind interconnect with each other and perform shared functions to form tissues (for example, muscle tiss... | B: cell. |
What kind of metals have perplexing patterns of electron distribution that don’t always follow the electron filling rules?
Here are the choices:
A. transformation
B. solution
C. variating
D. transition | The transition metals are an interesting and challenging group of elements. They have perplexing patterns of electron distribution that don’t always follow the electron filling rules. Predicting how they will form ions is also not always obvious. | D: transition. |
The fact that water in a reservoir is elevated above the ground means that it has what kind of energy?
Here are the choices:
A. excessive
B. potential
C. kinetic
D. nuclear | B: potential. | |
Rich in protein and nutrients, what abundant group of organisms is being touted as an important human dietary source?
Here are the choices:
A. fruits
B. insects
C. primates
D. fungus | In some parts of the world, insects are used for food by humans. Insects are a rich source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, and are prized as delicacies in many third-world countries. In fact, it is difficult to find an insect that is not eaten in one form or another by people. Among the most popular are cicadas, lo... | B: insects. |
In contrast to metals, electrical insulators are materials that conduct electricity poorly because their valence bands are what?
Here are the choices:
A. full
B. half-full
C. empty
D. large | Insulators In contrast to metals, electrical insulators are materials that conduct electricity poorly because their valence bands are full. The energy gap between the highest filled levels and the lowest empty levels is so large that the empty levels are inaccessible: thermal energy cannot excite an electron from a fil... | A: full. |
What model postulates that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energy levels?
Here are the choices:
A. bohr
B. atomic model
C. Newton's model
D. coreolis | The Bohr model postulates that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energy levels. | A: bohr. |
In the case of the wheelbarrow, the output force or load is between the pivot and the what?
Here are the choices:
A. density force
B. input force
C. Driving Force
D. velocity force | Figure 9.24 (a) In the case of the wheelbarrow, the output force or load is between the pivot and the input force. The pivot is the wheel’s axle. Here, the output force is greater than the input force. Thus, a wheelbarrow enables you to lift much heavier loads than you could with your body alone. (b) In the case of the... | B: input force. |
What type of electrons are attracted to the positive nucleus?
Here are the choices:
A. particular electrons
B. passive electrons
C. negative electrons
D. turbulent electrons | Avoid close contact with people who are sick. This includes kissing, hugging, shaking hands, and sharing cups or eating utensils. | C: negative electrons. |
Present-day plants that have a complex vascular tissue system are called what kind of plants?
Here are the choices:
A. cirulatory plants
B. pinworm plants
C. vasuluar plants
D. vasculated plants | C: vasuluar plants. | |
What tool, used to locate underwater objects, utilizes ultrasound in a way that is similar to echolocation?
Here are the choices:
A. scanning
B. GPS
C. sonar
D. radar | Sonar uses ultrasound in a way that is similar to echolocation. Sonar stands for so und na vigation and r anging. It is used to locate underwater objects such as sunken ships or to determine how deep the water is. A sonar device is usually located on a boat at the surface of the water. The device is both a sender and a... | C: sonar. |
What kind of competition often leads to extinction because the species that is less well adapted gets fewer of the resources that both species need?
Here are the choices:
A. intraspecific competition
B. parasitism
C. interspecific competition
D. mutualism | Interspecific competition often leads to extinction. The species that is less well adapted may get fewer of the resources that both species need. As a result, members of that species are less likely to survive, and the species may go extinct. | C: interspecific competition. |
A nephrologist studies and deals with diseases of what organ?
Here are the choices:
A. stomach
B. kidneys
C. brains
D. lungs | Nephrologist A nephrologist studies and deals with diseases of the kidneys—both those that cause kidney failure (such as diabetes) and the conditions that are produced by kidney disease (such as hypertension). Blood pressure, blood volume, and changes in electrolyte balance come under the purview of a nephrologist. Nep... | B: kidneys. |
Where is the potential energy of a river the highest at?
Here are the choices:
A. the bank
B. the middle
C. the ocean
D. the source | Electrical circuits are often modeled by using water in a river. The potential energy of the water is the highest at the source of the river and decreases as the water flows down the river toward the end. When the water reaches the ocean, its potential energy has become zero. The circuit shown below has a similar situa... | D: the source. |
What are the most numerous and diverse biochemical compounds?
Here are the choices:
A. Carbohydrates
B. proteins
C. lipids
D. acids | Proteins are the most numerous and diverse biochemical compounds, and they have many different functions. Some of their functions include:. | B: proteins. |
Where are most plants firmly rooted?
Here are the choices:
A. soil
B. rock
C. grass
D. mineral | Like all living things, plants detect and respond to stimuli in their environment. Unlike animals, plants can't run, fly, or swim toward food or away from danger. They are usually rooted firmly in the soil, like the tree in Figure below . | A: soil. |
What type of rain dissolves limestone and marble?
Here are the choices:
A. acid
B. natural
C. sulfur
D. carbon | Figure below shows some of the damage done by acid rain. Acid rain ends up in soil and bodies of water. This can make them very acidic. The acid strips soil of its nutrients. These changes can kill trees, fish, and other living things. Acid rain also dissolves limestone and marble. This can damage buildings, monuments,... | A: acid. |
What are materials that have a low resistance to electrical current called?
Here are the choices:
A. resistors
B. electrons
C. fast conductors
D. electrical conductors | Materials that have low resistance to electric current are called electric conductors. Many metals are good electric conductors. | D: electrical conductors. |
What mammalian feature serves functions such as filtration and keeping the body warm?
Here are the choices:
A. hair
B. sweat
C. shivering
D. sensory organs | Hair serves many functions such as acting as a filter and keeping the body warm. | A: hair. |
Higher pressures increase the solubility of what?
Here are the choices:
A. fuels
B. molecules
C. gases
D. bases | Higher pressures increase the solubility of gases. You are probably familiar with this concept as it relates to carbonated beverages. Before opening the container, the inside is pressurized, so a large amount of CO 2 is dissolved in the liquid. After opening, the pressure decreases (to the ambient pressure), so the sol... | C: gases. |
What is an important level of organization in ecology and the unit of microevolution?
Here are the choices:
A. macro
B. organization
C. system
D. population | The population is an important level of organization in ecology. It is also the unit of microevolution. | D: population. |
When hot water gently rises to the surface, it creates a what?
Here are the choices:
A. steam cloud
B. volcano
C. fissure
D. hot spring | When hot water gently rises to the surface, it creates a hot spring . A hot spring forms where a crack in the Earth allows water to reach the surface after being heated underground. Many hot springs are used by people as natural hot tubs. Some people believe that hot springs can cure illnesses. Hot springs are found al... | D: hot spring. |
What is the final stage of aerobic respiration, when energy from the krebs cycle is transferred to atp?
Here are the choices:
A. electron transport
B. acetyl-CoA
C. cytoplasm transport
D. glycolysis | Electron transport is the final stage of aerobic respiration. In this stage, energy from NADH and FADH 2 , which result from the Krebs cycle, is transferred to ATP. Can you predict how this happens? ( Hint: How does electron transport occur in photosynthesis?). | A: electron transport. |
What state of matter has a definite volume, but not a definite shape?
Here are the choices:
A. gas
B. mixture
C. solid
D. liquid | Liquids have a definite volume, but no definite shape. A gallon of milk will keep the same volume whether it is stored in a one-gallon milk jug or a ten-gallon barrel. The volume is the same, but the fluid will either fill the jug or spread out over the bottom of the barrel. | D: liquid. |
Blood leaves the left ventricle via the what?
Here are the choices:
A. dorsal chamber
B. capillary
C. aorta
D. atrium | C: aorta. | |
What type of animal can be found on every continent except antarctica?
Here are the choices:
A. mammals
B. amphibians
C. insects
D. reptiles | Reptiles can be found on every continent except Antarctica. They may live in terrestrial, freshwater, or marine habitats. Most reptiles are carnivores, and large reptiles are the top predators in their ecosystems. Many species of reptiles, especially marine reptiles, are at risk of extinction. | D: reptiles. |
Though viruses are not considered living, they share two important traits with living organisms: they have genetic material and they can undergo what process?
Here are the choices:
A. evolution
B. generation
C. sexual reproduction
D. learning | Though viruses are not considered living, they share two important traits with living organisms. They have genetic material like all cells do (though they are not made of cells), and they can evolve. The genetic material of a virus can change (mutate), altering the traits of the virus. As the process of evolution has r... | A: evolution. |
What is our sun's next stage called?
Here are the choices:
A. red giant
B. blue giant
C. super nova
D. white giant | A star like our Sun will become a red giant in its next stage. When a star uses up its hydrogen, it begins to fuse helium atoms. Helium fuses into heavier atoms like carbon. At this time the star’s core starts to collapse inward. The star's outer layers spread out and cool. The result is a larger star that is cooler on... | A: red giant. |
What type of molecule is carbon dioxide (co2)?
Here are the choices:
A. planar
B. non-linear
C. linear
D. filter | For molecules with more than two atoms, the molecular geometry must also be taken into account when determining if the molecule is polar or nonpolar. The Figure below shows a comparison between carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a linear molecule. The oxygen atoms are more electronegative than the carb... | C: linear. |
Trimethylamine is one of the substances responsible for the what of spoiled fish?
Here are the choices:
A. smell
B. appearance
C. decay
D. feel | yellow liquid used in the production of synthetic rubber. Its condensed structural formula is ClSSCl. Ethylene glycol is the major ingredient in antifreeze. Its condensed structural formula is HOCH2CH2OH. Trimethylamine is one of the substances responsible for the smell of spoiled fish. Its condensed structural formula... | A: smell. |
Making ultrasonic clicks is a clever way that some moths respond to attacks by what flying mammals?
Here are the choices:
A. locusts
B. bees
C. birds
D. bats | D: bats. | |
What do plants respond to in their environment?
Here are the choices:
A. changes in sunlight or pressure
B. changes in sunlight or water
C. changes in metal or water
D. changes in temperature or water | Like all organisms, plants detect and respond to stimuli in their environment. Their main response is to change how they grow. | B: changes in sunlight or water. |
Bone marrow is found inside many bones and produces what?
Here are the choices:
A. sugar
B. tumors
C. apoptosis
D. lymphocytes | Bone marrow is found inside many bones. It produces lymphocytes. | D: lymphocytes. |
One species benefits while the host species is harmed in what type of relationship?
Here are the choices:
A. amensalism
B. parasitism
C. mutualism
D. fungal | In a parasitism, the parasitic species benefits, while the host species is harmed. | B: parasitism. |
What is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds?
Here are the choices:
A. covalent network solid
B. covalent mixture
C. compound metal
D. covalent bond element | One type of molecular compound behaves quite differently than that described so far. A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds. Diamond is composed entirely of carbon atoms, each bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral geometry. Melting a ... | A: covalent network solid. |
What kind of lakes form when volcanic eruptions create massive holes that fill with water?
Here are the choices:
A. crater lakes
B. lava lakes
C. volcanic cavities
D. eruption bowls | Other lakes are crater lakes or rift lakes, which are pictured in Figure below . Crater lakes form when volcanic eruptions create craters that fill with water. Rift lakes form when movements of tectonic plates create low places that fill with water. | A: crater lakes. |
The ovaries produce estradiol and progesterone, which cause secondary sex characteristics and prepare the body for?
Here are the choices:
A. childbirth
B. movement
C. adulthood
D. breathing | cells. The ovaries produce estradiol and progesterone, which cause secondary sex characteristics and prepare the body for childbirth. | A: childbirth. |
Ions move through what to maintain electrical neutrality in the cell?
Here are the choices:
A. the membrane
B. the plasma
C. the substrate
D. the protein | 4. Ions move through the membrane to maintain electrical neutrality in the cell. In the cell illustrated above, sulfate ions will move from the copper side to the zinc side to compensate for the decrease in Cu 2+ and the increase in Zn 2+ . | A: the membrane. |
What are the messenger molecules of the endocrine system?
Here are the choices:
A. hormones
B. enzymes
C. neurons
D. acids | Hormones are the messenger molecules of the endocrine system. Endocrine hormones travel throughout the body in the blood. However, each hormone affects only certain cells, called target cells. A target cell is the type of cell on which a hormone has an effect. A target cell is affected by a particular hormone because i... | A: hormones. |
What do you call any substance that opposes coagulation?
Here are the choices:
A. antibodies
B. dissolvent
C. toxin
D. anticoagulant | Plasma Anticoagulants An anticoagulant is any substance that opposes coagulation. Several circulating plasma anticoagulants play a role in limiting the coagulation process to the region of injury and restoring a normal, clot-free condition of blood. For instance, a cluster of proteins collectively referred to as the pr... | D: anticoagulant. |
What controls every aspect of plant growth and development to some degree?
Here are the choices:
A. pesticides
B. chlorophyll
C. hormones
D. acids | C: hormones. | |
Making a specific prediction based on a general principle is known as what type of reasoning?
Here are the choices:
A. validating reasoning
B. logical reasoning
C. deductive reasoning
D. common sense reasoning | In deductive reasoning, I make a specific prediction based on a general principle. One general principle is that acids turn blue litmus paper red. If I have a bottle of liquid labeled “acid,” I expect the litmus paper to turn red when I immerse it in the liquid. | C: deductive reasoning. |
Ripe fruits are usually red, orange, yellow, or what?
Here are the choices:
A. purple
B. white
C. black
D. blue | Primate ancestors also mainly ate fruit. They needed to be able to spot colored fruits in the leafy background of the trees ( Figure below ). They also had to be able to judge which fruits were ripe and which were still green. Ripe fruits are usually red, orange, yellow, or purple. Being able to see in color was import... | A: purple. |
What are the lines of force in the electric field around a charged particle called?
Here are the choices:
A. terrain lines
B. voltage lines
C. field lines
D. ionic zone | Field lines represent lines of force in the electric field around a charged particle. The lines bend when two particles interact. What would the lines of force look like around two negatively charged particles?. | C: field lines. |
An electric transformer connects two circuits with an iron core that becomes what?
Here are the choices:
A. actuator
B. radioactive
C. inductive
D. electromagnet | An electric transformer connects two circuits with an iron core that becomes an electromagnet. | D: electromagnet. |
What structure connects the pharynx to the trachea?
Here are the choices:
A. thyroid
B. sternum
C. aorta
D. larynx | Larynx The larynx is a cartilaginous structure inferior to the laryngopharynx that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs (Figure 22.7). The structure of the larynx is formed by several pieces of cartilage. Three large cartilage pieces—the thyroid carti... | D: larynx. |
The resultant solution will contain the same amount of solute but a greater amount of what?
Here are the choices:
A. solvent
B. calcium
C. pigment
D. liquid | Many chemicals that we use on a daily basis are transported in a concentrated form but used in a more diluted form. For example, concentrated cleaners are often diluted before they are used. To perform a dilution , pure solvent is added to a concentrated solution in order to make a less concentrated (more dilute) solut... | A: solvent. |
The thin scale-like or flat shape of what cells fits their primary function, to provide a smooth and protective surface?
Here are the choices:
A. basic epithelium
B. simple epithelium
C. technique epithelium
D. kind epithelium | Simple Epithelium The shape of the cells in the single cell layer of simple epithelium reflects the functioning of those cells. The cells in simple squamous epithelium have the appearance of thin scales. Squamous cell nuclei tend to be flat, horizontal, and elliptical, mirroring the form of the cell. The endothelium is... | B: simple epithelium. |
During what phase of breathing does the pressure inside the lungs drops to below atmospheric pressure?
Here are the choices:
A. conduction
B. ingestion
C. exhalation
D. inhalation | Pressure Associated with the Lungs The pressure inside the lungs increases and decreases with each breath. The pressure drops to below atmospheric pressure (negative gauge pressure) when you inhale, causing air to flow into the lungs. It increases above atmospheric pressure (positive gauge pressure) when you exhale, fo... | D: inhalation. |
What type of climates is malaria commonly found in?
Here are the choices:
A. arid and arctic
B. tropical and subtropical
C. tropical and permafrost
D. tropic and arctic | Malaria is common in tropical and subtropical climates throughout the world (see Figure below ). In fact, malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases on the planet. Malaria is also a very serious disease. It kills several million people each year, most of them children. | B: tropical and subtropical. |
Plants that live in the desert are called?
Here are the choices:
A. heatophiles
B. xerozoans
C. sporozoans
D. xerophytes | Plants that live in extremely dry environments have the opposite problem: how to get and keep water. Plants that are adapted to very dry environments are called xerophytes . Their adaptations may help them increase water intake, decrease water loss, or store water when it is available. | D: xerophytes. |
Dolphins are what type of animal?
Here are the choices:
A. whale
B. mammal
C. fish
D. reptile | Dolphins are mammals that have adapted to swimming and reproducing in water. | B: mammal. |
What is the energy of moving matter?
Here are the choices:
A. residual energy
B. potential energy
C. kinetic energy
D. binary energy | Kinetic energy is the energy of moving matter. Things with kinetic energy can do work. Kinetic energy depends on an object’s mass and velocity. | C: kinetic energy. |
The two parts of photosynthesis photosynthesis takes place in two stages: the light-dependent reactions and which cycle?
Here are the choices:
A. colors cycle
B. calvin cycle
C. klein cycle
D. dark cycle | The Two Parts of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis takes place in two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. In the light-dependent reactions, which take place at the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and then converts it into chemical energy with the use of water. The light-... | B: calvin cycle. |
In an atom, what two major types of particles are located in the nucleus?
Here are the choices:
A. protons and neutrons
B. electrons and neutrons
C. ions and electrons
D. molecules and neutrons | Rutherford’s atomic model became known as the nuclear model . In the nuclear atom, the protons and neutrons, which comprise nearly all of the mass of the atom, are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom. The electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy most of the volume of the atom. It is worth em... | A: protons and neutrons. |
What is the first part of the large intestine, where wastes enter from the small intestine?
Here are the choices:
A. spleen
B. sacrum
C. tectum
D. cecum | The cecum is the first part of the large intestine, where wastes enter from the small intestine. The wastes are in a liquid state. As they pass through the colon , which is the second part of the large intestine, excess water is absorbed. The remaining solid wastes are called feces . Feces accumulate in the rectum , wh... | D: cecum. |
Each pollen grain has two coverings: the exine (thicker, outer layer) and the what?
Here are the choices:
A. intine
B. pollen tube
C. tube nucleus
D. cytoplasm | Each pollen grain has two coverings: the exine (thicker, outer layer) and the intine (Figure 32.7). The exine contains sporopollenin, a complex waterproofing substance supplied by the tapetal cells. Sporopollenin allows the pollen to survive under unfavorable conditions and to be carried by wind, water, or biological a... | A: intine. |
In stars like our sun, hydrogen atoms join together to create what?
Here are the choices:
A. water molecule
B. oxygen atom
C. helium atom
D. iron atom | A nuclear fusion reaction is so named because the nuclei (center) of atoms fuse (join) together in the process. In stars like our Sun, hydrogen atoms join together to create a helium atom. Nuclear fusion reactions need a lot of energy to get started. Once they begin, they produce even more energy. ( Figure below ). | C: helium atom. |
How do bacteria reproduce?
Here are the choices:
A. multiple fission
B. natural fission
C. binary fission
D. residual fission | New mitochondria and chloroplasts are produced through a process similar to binary fission . Bacteria also reproduce through binary fission. | C: binary fission. |
What sort of gas is found in balloons and blimps, and is used to make them float in the sky?
Here are the choices:
A. radon
B. hydrogen
C. oxygen
D. helium | Helium has long been used in balloons and blimps. Since it is much less dense than air, it will float above the ground. We can buy small balloons filled with helium at stores, but large ones (such as the balloon seen above) are much more expensive and take up a lot more helium. | D: helium. |
What color is pyrite?
Here are the choices:
A. silver
B. black
C. blue
D. gold | Pyrite has a similar color to gold. The appearance of the striations make pyrite different from gold. | D: gold. |
Planting a row of trees around a field or erecting a fence on a sand dune helps prevent what form of erosion?
Here are the choices:
A. rain
B. fire
C. water
D. wind | Planting rows of trees around fields is another way to reduce wind erosion. The trees slow down the wind, so it doesn’t cause as much erosion. Fences like the one in Figure below serve the same purpose. The fence in the figure is preventing erosion and migration of sand dunes on a beach. | D: wind. |
What structure connects the fetus to the placenta, allowing the exchange of gases?
Here are the choices:
A. umbilical cord
B. belly button
C. sediment cord
D. skin cord | Within seconds of birth, the umbilical cord is cut. Without this connection to the placenta, the baby can’t exchange gases, so carbon dioxide quickly builds up in the baby’s blood. This stimulates the baby’s brain to trigger breathing, and the newborn takes her first breath. | A: umbilical cord. |
Glass, rubber, and plastics are examples of which type of solids?
Here are the choices:
A. dubious
B. porous
C. amorphous
D. aqueous | Examples of amorphous solids include glass, rubber, and plastics. | C: amorphous. |
What is the process bacteria use to break down chemicals into food?
Here are the choices:
A. chemosynthesis
B. biosynthesis
C. gametogenesis
D. cellular respiration | The bacteria that make food from chemicals are also primary producers. These organisms do not do photosynthesis since there is no light at the vents. They do something called chemosynthesis. They break down chemicals to make food. | A: chemosynthesis. |
A fully developed placenta is made up of a large mass of what?
Here are the choices:
A. plant cells
B. brain tissues
C. estrogen hormones
D. blood vessels | A fully developed placenta, like the one in Figure below , is made up of a large mass of blood vessels from both mother and fetus. The maternal and fetal vessels are close together but separated by tiny spaces. This allows the mother’s and fetus’s blood to exchange substances across their capillary walls without the bl... | D: blood vessels. |
What is an element that tend to be malleable?
Here are the choices:
A. actinide
B. lanthanide
C. metal
D. mixture | Metals tend to be malleable. This means that they can be formed into thin sheets without breaking. An example is aluminum foil, also pictured in the Figure below . | C: metal. |
As a diver descends, the increase in pressure causes the body’s air pockets in the ears and lungs to do what?
Here are the choices:
A. heat up
B. blow up
C. compress
D. expand | from the atmosphere at sea level. As a diver descends, the increase in pressure causes the body’s air pockets in the ears and lungs to compress; on the ascent, the decrease in pressure causes these air pockets to expand, potentially rupturing eardrums or bursting the lungs. Divers must therefore undergo equalization by... | C: compress. |
Many deleterious alleles have such severe effects that a homozygous embryo spontaneously aborts long before what?
Here are the choices:
A. baby
B. birth
C. LIfe
D. couple | B: birth. | |
What kind of reaction, in general, keeps stars shining?
Here are the choices:
A. evolution
B. fusion
C. magnetism
D. fission | The energy from fusion reactions keeps the star shining. | B: fusion. |
What is the most important factor determining soil type?
Here are the choices:
A. ecology
B. plant life
C. climate
D. landscape | Formed when elements either gain or lose electrons. | C: climate. |
What are the structural and functional units of the kidney called?
Here are the choices:
A. caldrons
B. nephrons
C. aeons
D. Ions | Each kidney has more than a million nephrons, which are the structural and functional units of the kidney. Each nephron is like a tiny filtering plant. | B: nephrons. |
What structure, containing many internal membranes, is the site of photosynthesis?
Here are the choices:
A. chloroplast
B. genome
C. ribosome
D. mitochondria | The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Part of the photosynthesis reactions occur in an internal membrane within the organelle. The chloroplast contains many of these internal membranes, making photosynthesis very efficient. These internal membranes stack on top of each other, just like a stack of pancakes. | A: chloroplast. |
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