questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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A single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin leads to what disease?
Here are the choices:
A. down's syndrome
B. AIDS
C. crohn's disease
D. sickle cell anemia | Figure 3.26 The beta chain of hemoglobin is 147 residues in length, yet a single amino acid substitution leads to sickle cell anemia. In normal hemoglobin, the amino acid at position seven is glutamate. In sickle cell hemoglobin, this glutamate is replaced by a valine. | D: sickle cell anemia. |
Why does the heating element of a toaster get hot so quickly?
Here are the choices:
A. good insulator
B. magnetic force
C. good conductor
D. charged battery | Do you like toast? Did you ever look inside a toaster while it’s toasting bread? When you push down the lever to turn on the toaster, the metal heating element inside starts to glow orange or red almost instantly. You can see the glowing heating element inside this yellow toaster. The glowing metal shows that the heati... | C: good conductor. |
What is the industrial chemical produced in greatest quantity worldwide?
Here are the choices:
A. boric acid
B. gaseous acid
C. liquid acid
D. sulfuric acid | Sulfuric acid is the industrial chemical produced in greatest quantity worldwide. About 90 billion pounds are produced each year in the United States alone. Write the Lewis structure for sulfuric acid, H2SO4, which has two oxygen atoms and two OH groups bonded to the sulfur. 7.5 Strengths of Ionic and Covalent Bonds 64... | D: sulfuric acid. |
What term is used to describe a protein that acts as a biological catalyst?
Here are the choices:
A. enzyme
B. heterozygote
C. nucleus
D. protein | An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst. Recall that a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed in the reaction. Cellular processes consist of many chemical reactions that must occur quickly in order for the cell to function properly. Enzymes... | A: enzyme. |
What is the transfer of energy by waves called?
Here are the choices:
A. vibration
B. convection
C. radiation
D. evaporation | Radiation is the transfer of energy by waves. Energy can travel as electromagnetic waves through air or empty space. The Sun's energy travels through space by radiation. After sunlight heats the planet's surface, some heat radiates back into the atmosphere. | C: radiation. |
What are the the individual protein subunits making up the capsid called?
Here are the choices:
A. telomeres
B. pores
C. axons
D. capsomeres | D: capsomeres. | |
The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by a what?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleus control system
B. protons control system
C. anti-lock control system
D. molecular control system | 12.3 The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by a molecular control system. | D: molecular control system. |
How many identical daughter cells are created at the end of cytokinesis?
Here are the choices:
A. three
B. one
C. two
D. four | At the end of cytokinesis there are two genetically identical daughter cells. | C: two. |
Which disease does the bacteria salmonella cause in humans?
Here are the choices:
A. blood poisoning
B. food poisoning
C. skin poisoning
D. water poisioning | The organisms are bacteria called Salmonella. If the word Salmonella rings a bell, that’s probably because Salmonella causes human diseases such as food poisoning. Many other types of bacteria also cause human diseases. But not all bacteria are harmful to people. In fact, we could not survive without many of the trilli... | B: food poisoning. |
What term describes the application of knowledge to real-world problems and is practiced by engineers?
Here are the choices:
A. mechanisms
B. science
C. technology
D. invention | Technology is the application of knowledge to real-world problems. Engineers are professionals in technology. | C: technology. |
What surrounds the lungs in a thoracic cavity?
Here are the choices:
A. calcium
B. double membrane
C. single membrane
D. water | B: double membrane. | |
When lactose is absent, a repressor protein binds to what?
Here are the choices:
A. operator
B. network
C. differential
D. worker | When lactose is absent, a repressor protein binds to the operator. The operator is located between the promoter and the three lac operon genes. The protein blocks the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. As a result, the lac genes are not expressed. | A: operator. |
The four moons of jupiter are collectively named after what 17th century astronomer, who discovered them?
Here are the choices:
A. Linnaeus
B. copernicus
C. darwin
D. galileo | Jupiter has lots of moons. As of 2012, we have discovered over 66 natural satellites of Jupiter. Four are big enough and bright enough to be seen from Earth using a pair of binoculars. These four moons were first discovered by Galileo in 1610. They are called the Galilean moons . The figure below shows the four Galilea... | D: galileo. |
What is the term for the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves?
Here are the choices:
A. bandwidth
B. variation
C. arc wave
D. wavelength | Wavelength is one way of measuring the size of waves. It is the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves, usually measured in meters. | D: wavelength. |
Which instruments are used to measure the angle of the slope of a volcano?
Here are the choices:
A. calipers
B. altimeter
C. compass
D. tiltmeters | All that magma and gas pushing upwards can make the volcano’s slope begin to swell. Ground swelling may change the shape of a volcano or cause rock falls and landslides. Most of the time, the ground tilting is not visible. Scientists detect it by using tiltmeters, which are instruments that measure the angle of the slo... | D: tiltmeters. |
What is the term for matter that does not let any light pass through?
Here are the choices:
A. opaque
B. reflective
C. dark
D. mirrored | Opaque matter is matter that does not let any light pass through it. Matter may be opaque because it absorbs light, reflects light, or does some combination of both. | A: opaque. |
Gain or loss of what causes an atom to become a negatively or positively charged ion?
Here are the choices:
A. nucleus
B. protons
C. neutrons
D. electrons | The girl pictured above became negatively charged because electrons flowed from the van de Graaff generator to her. Whenever electrons are transferred between objects, neutral matter becomes charged. This occurs even with individual atoms. Atoms are neutral in electric charge because they have the same number of negati... | D: electrons. |
The electrochemical potential across a membrane determines the tendency of an ion to do what?
Here are the choices:
A. cross the membrane
B. attach to the membrane
C. destroy the membrane
D. move away from the membrane | The electrochemical potential across a membrane determines the tendency of an ion to cross the membrane. The membrane may be that of a cell or organelle or other sub cellular compartment. The electrochemical potential arises from three factors:. | A: cross the membrane. |
Nucleic acids are polymers made of monomers called what?
Here are the choices:
A. carotenoids
B. nucleotides
C. peptides
D. loops | B: nucleotides. | |
Antibodies also mark pathogens for destruction by which cells?
Here are the choices:
A. interferons
B. platelets
C. leukocytes
D. phagocytic | Antibodies also mark pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells, such as macrophages or neutrophils, because phagocytic cells are highly attracted to macromolecules complexed with antibodies. Phagocytic enhancement by antibodies is called opsonization. In a process called complement fixation, IgM and IgG in serum bi... | D: phagocytic. |
What are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis called.
Here are the choices:
A. chloroplasts
B. chromosomes
C. ribosomes
D. chromosomes | Ribosomes are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis. They are found in all cells. | C: ribosomes. |
What term is defined as the ability to locate objects in the dark by bouncing sound waves off them.
Here are the choices:
A. thermodynamics
B. morphology
C. echolocation
D. night vision | Whales and bats have the trait of echolocation. This is the ability to locate objects in the dark by bouncing sound waves off them. The most recent common ancestor of whales and bats did not have this trait. Apply lesson concepts to explain how the trait evolved in whales and bats. | C: echolocation. |
Ringworm and athlete’s foot are common human diseases caused by types of what?
Here are the choices:
A. acids
B. fungi
C. multicellular bacteria
D. viruses | Several common human diseases are caused by fungi. They include ringworm and athlete’s foot, both shown in Figure below . Ringworm isn’t caused by a worm. It’s a skin infection by a fungus that leads to a ring-shaped rash. The rash may occur on the head, neck, trunk, arms, or legs. Athlete’s foot is caused by the same ... | B: fungi. |
Vertical layering is an important feature of the terrestrial type of what kind of community?
Here are the choices:
A. biome
B. habitat
C. ecosystem
D. environment | A: biome. | |
What do many cells depend on glucose for?
Here are the choices:
A. food
B. energy
C. heating
D. osmosis | A gated channel protein is a transport protein that opens a "gate," allowing a molecule to pass through the membrane. Gated channels have a binding site that is specific for a given molecule or ion. A stimulus causes the "gate" to open or shut. The stimulus may be chemical or electrical signals, temperature, or mechani... | B: energy. |
When continental crust is pulled apart, it breaks into blocks that are separated by what?
Here are the choices:
A. layers
B. faults
C. holes
D. levels | When continental crust is pulled apart, it breaks into blocks. These blocks of crust are separated by normal faults. The blocks slide up or down. The result is alternating mountain ranges and valleys. This topography is known as basin-and-range ( Figure below ). The area near Death Valley, California is the center of a... | B: faults. |
What body part boasts three articulations and includes the patella?
Here are the choices:
A. elbow
B. knee
C. hip
D. ankle | The knee includes three articulations. The femoropatellar joint is between the patella and distal femur. The patella, a sesamoid bone incorporated into the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle of the anterior thigh, serves to protect this tendon from rubbing against the distal femur during knee movements. The medial... | B: knee. |
The physical properties of gases are predictable using mathematical formulas known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. vapor laws
B. air laws
C. gas laws
D. state laws | The physical properties of gases are predictable using mathematical formulas known as gas laws. | C: gas laws. |
What is the disease where some alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid?
Here are the choices:
A. lyme disease
B. lung cancer
C. pneumonia
D. leukemia | Pneumonia is a disease in which some of the alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid so gas exchange cannot occur. Symptoms usually include coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia may be caused by an infection or injury of the lungs. | C: pneumonia. |
The primary function of leaves is to collect sunlight and make food by what process?
Here are the choices:
A. osmosis
B. nuclear fission
C. duplicate process
D. photosynthesis | The primary function of leaves is to collect sunlight and make food by photosynthesis. Specialized tissues in leaves work together to perform this function. In a deciduous plant, leaves seasonally turn color and fall off the plant. They are replaced with new leaves later in the year. An evergreen plant keeps its green ... | D: photosynthesis. |
In which type of reaction are compounds formed?
Here are the choices:
A. gaseous reaction
B. chemical reaction
C. acid reaction
D. balanced reaction | Compounds form when atoms of different elements combine. This process is a chemical reaction. | B: chemical reaction. |
For feeding, the head contains one pair of mandibles and two pairs of what?
Here are the choices:
A. chelicerae
B. maxillae
C. tracheae
D. antennae | Insects have a pair of antennae for “smelling” and “tasting” chemicals. Some insects can also use their antennae to detect sound. Other sensory organs on the head include several simple eyes and a pair of compound eyes. The compound eyes let insects see images. Butterflies and bees can even see in color. For feeding, t... | B: maxillae. |
What term given to animals like reptiles is a synonym for ectothermic, which means that their heat comes from their environment?
Here are the choices:
A. cold-blooded
B. thermal regulating
C. warm-blooded
D. hot-blooded | Reptiles cold-blooded, or ectothermic, meaning that their heat come from their environment. Sometimes defined as all amniotes that are not birds or mammals. Reptiles can be classified by skull structure into four groups: • • • •. | A: cold-blooded. |
What forms in the ocean from the seafloor spreading?
Here are the choices:
A. new oceanic crust
B. earthquakes
C. tsunamis
D. underwater volcanoes | In the oceans, plates move apart at mid-ocean ridges. Lava rises upward, erupts, and cools. Later, more lava erupts and pushes the original seafloor outward. This is seafloor spreading. Seafloor spreading forms new oceanic crust. The rising magma causes the ridge to be buoyant. This is why there is a mountain range run... | A: new oceanic crust. |
What does ozone in the stratosphere protect us from?
Here are the choices:
A. solar rays
B. acid rain
C. solar traces
D. comets | Ozone near the ground harms human health. But the ozone layer in the stratosphere protects us from solar rays. That’s why people were alarmed in the 1980s to learn that there was a hole in the ozone layer. | A: solar rays. |
What is the basic unit of matter?
Here are the choices:
A. atom
B. dark material
C. neutron
D. nucleus | The basic unit of matter is an atom ( Figure below ). At the center of an atom is its nucleus . Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus. Also in the nucleus are neutrons with no electrical charge. Orbiting the nucleus are tiny electrons. Electrons are negatively charged. An atom with the same number of ... | A: atom. |
What is the name of the protein that is found in hairs and nails?
Here are the choices:
A. keratin
B. chromatin
C. cellulose
D. Skin | Along with the skin, the integumentary system includes the nails and hair. Both the nails and hair contain the tough protein, keratin. The keratin forms fibers, which makes your nails and hair tough and strong. Keratin is similar in toughness to chitin, the carbohydrate found in the exoskeleton of arthropods. | A: keratin. |
When fuel is burned most of the energy is released as what?
Here are the choices:
A. precipitation
B. humidity
C. condensation
D. heat | When fuel is burned, most of the energy is released as heat . Some of this heat can be used to do work. Heat cooks food or warms your house. Sometimes the heat is just waste heat. It still heats the environment, though. | D: heat. |
A change in one or more physical properties of matter without any change in chemical properties is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. positive change
B. negative change
C. atmospheric change
D. physical change | A physical change is a change in one or more physical properties of matter without any change in chemical properties. In other words, matter doesn’t change into a different substance in a physical change. Examples of physical change include changes in the size or shape of matter. Changes of state—for example, from soli... | D: physical change. |
Particles with what type of electric charges attract each other?
Here are the choices:
A. simple
B. similar
C. opposite
D. same | Particles with opposite electric charges attract each other. This explains why negative electrons orbit the positive nucleus. Particles with the same electric charge repel each other. This means that the positive protons in the nucleus push apart from one another. So why doesn’t the nucleus fly apart? An even stronger ... | C: opposite. |
Avoiding carcinogens helps lower the risk of what?
Here are the choices:
A. sunburn
B. colds and flu
C. radiation
D. cancer | Making these healthy lifestyle choices can also help prevent some types of cancer. In addition, you can lower the risk of cancer by avoiding carcinogens , which are substances that cause cancer. For example, you can reduce your risk of lung cancer by not smoking. You can reduce your risk of skin cancer by using sunscre... | D: cancer. |
What is the mechanism that accounts for the drifting of continents?
Here are the choices:
A. ridges spreading
B. volcanic spreading
C. seafloor spreading
D. earth spreading | Seafloor spreading is the mechanism for the drifting continents. | C: seafloor spreading. |
In a dehydration reaction, what is removed as two monomers are joined together?
Here are the choices:
A. air
B. carbon
C. nitrogen
D. water | Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are large molecules (macromolecules) built from smaller molecules (monomers) through dehydration reactions. In a dehydration reaction, water is removed as two monomers are joined together. | D: water. |
What is the smallest unit of structure and function of all living organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. the cell
B. chromosome
C. organ
D. organelle | The cell is the smallest unit of structure and function of all living organisms. A cell is also the smallest unit of life, with single-celled organisms present on this planet for over 3.5 billion years. Single-celled ( unicellular ) organisms like bacteria are obviously composed of just one cell, whereas multicellular ... | A: the cell. |
The dual character is critical for the formation of the what?
Here are the choices:
A. lipid bilayer
B. carbon bilayer
C. tissues bilayer
D. muscle bilayer | The dual character is critical for the formation of the lipid bilayer. The hydrophilic portions of the molecule are in contact with the aqueous environment of the cell, while the hydrophobic portion of the lipids is in the interior of the bilayer and provides a barrier to the passive diffusion of most molecules. | A: lipid bilayer. |
In humans, a zygote has how many chromosomes?
Here are the choices:
A. 36
B. 46
C. 23
D. 42 | Upon fertilization a diploid zygote is formed. In humans, a zygote has 46 chromosomes, 23 inherited from each parent. The gametes, sperm and eggs, are haploid cells, with 23 chromosomes each. | B: 46. |
The elements are arranged in rows, each representing the filling of what shell?
Here are the choices:
A. plasma membrane
B. proton
C. neutron
D. electron | D: electron. | |
The water cycle is powered by energy from where?
Here are the choices:
A. earth
B. sun
C. living things
D. atmosphere | Water is recycled through the water cycle. The water cycle is the movement of water through the oceans, atmosphere, land, and living things. The water cycle is powered by energy from the Sun. Figure below diagrams the water cycle. | B: sun. |
When lactose is present in the cell, what allows the lac genes to be expressed?
Here are the choices:
A. binding of expressor protein
B. nonbinding of repressor protein
C. the addition of water
D. concentration of repressor protein | When lactose is present, the repressor protein does not bind to the operator. This allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter and begin transcription. As a result, the lac genes are expressed, and lactose is digested. | B: nonbinding of repressor protein. |
What class of animals, translated as “head foot”, includes octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautilus?
Here are the choices:
A. cephalopods
B. mollusks
C. crustaceans
D. bivalves | The visceral mass in the shelled species is characteristically twisted and the foot is modified for crawling. Most gastropods bear a head with tentacles that support eyes. A complex radula is used to scrape food particles from the substrate. The mantle cavity encloses the ctenidia as well as a pair of nephridia. The cl... | A: cephalopods. |
What can be calculated by solving the average speed formula?
Here are the choices:
A. distance or mass
B. mass or time
C. accelaration
D. distance or time | Competition is a relationship between organisms that depend on the same resources. Competition can occur between members of the same species or between members of different species. | D: distance or time. |
Transverse divisions are associated with leaf elongation, and longitudinal divisions are associated with what?
Here are the choices:
A. leaf multiplying
B. leaf coloring
C. leaf shedding
D. leaf broadening | D: leaf broadening. | |
Of the four nerve plexuses, two are found at the cervical level, one at the lumbar level, and one at which level ?
Here are the choices:
A. cranial
B. peripheral
C. vascular
D. sacral | Of the four nerve plexuses, two are found at the cervical level, one at the lumbar level, and one at the sacral level (Figure 13.24). The cervical plexus is composed of axons from spinal nerves C1 through C5 and branches into nerves in the posterior neck and head, as well as the phrenic nerve, which connects to the dia... | D: sacral. |
When does sublimation occur?
Here are the choices:
A. when the ice and snow change directly into water vapors
B. when the ice and sand change directly into water vapors
C. when the wind changes direction
D. when the snow melts the ice caps | Sublimation occurs when ice and snow change directly to water vapor. This also happens because of heat from the sun. | A: when the ice and snow change directly into water vapors. |
What organism is responsible for most decomposition in forest?
Here are the choices:
A. bacteria
B. yeast
C. coral
D. fungi | Most fungi are decomposers. They are the main decomposers in forests. Many fungi have symbiotic relationships with other species. | D: fungi. |
Cancer of the testes is most common in males between what ages?
Here are the choices:
A. 50 and 60
B. 70 and 90
C. 15 and 35
D. 10 and 20 | Another disorder of the testes is cancer . Cancer of the testes is most common in males aged 15 to 35. It occurs when cells in the testes grow out of control. The cells form a lump called a tumor. If found early, cancer of the testes usually can be easily cured with surgery. | C: 15 and 35. |
Prions are slow-acting, virtually indestructible infectious proteins that cause diseases of what vital organ in mammals?
Here are the choices:
A. brain
B. liver
C. heart
D. lung | A: brain. | |
What does the male reproductive system consist of?
Here are the choices:
A. structures that collect urine
B. organs that produce estrogen
C. structures that produce sperm and secrete testosterone
D. structures that produce ova | The male reproductive system consists of structures that produce sperm and secrete testosterone. | C: structures that produce sperm and secrete testosterone. |
What causes genetic disorders in humans?
Here are the choices:
A. variations of chromosome
B. pollutants of chromosome
C. alterations of chromosome
D. alterations of genes | 15.4 Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders. | C: alterations of chromosome. |
What can lead to a loss of genetic variation within populations?
Here are the choices:
A. natural selection
B. migration
C. genetic drift
D. adaptation | C: genetic drift. | |
Four electron groups orient themselves into what shape that has four faces?
Here are the choices:
A. circular
B. spherical
C. multicellular
D. tetrahedron | Four electron groups orient themselves in the shape of a tetrahedron. | D: tetrahedron. |
The primary hormones derived from lipids are what?
Here are the choices:
A. amino acids
B. melatonins
C. antibiotics
D. steroids | Steroid Hormones The primary hormones derived from lipids are steroids. Steroid hormones are derived from the lipid cholesterol. For example, the reproductive hormones testosterone and the estrogens—which are produced by the gonads (testes and ovaries)—are steroid hormones. The adrenal glands produce the steroid hormon... | D: steroids. |
What are most metal objects made of?
Here are the choices:
A. bronze
B. metal alloys
C. tin
D. aluminum | Most metal objects are made of metal alloys rather than pure metals. | B: metal alloys. |
What law explains how the change in direction of the light ray depends on how the speed of light changes, which in turn is related to the indices of refraction of the media involved?
Here are the choices:
A. Boyle's law
B. law of refraction
C. Newton's first law
D. Born's law | Law of Refraction Figure 25.12 shows how a ray of light changes direction when it passes from one medium to another. As before, the angles are measured relative to a perpendicular to the surface at the point where the light ray crosses it. (Some of the incident light will be reflected from the surface, but for now we w... | B: law of refraction. |
What limits the growth or development of an organism, population, or process?
Here are the choices:
A. limiting factor
B. mutation factor
C. decreasing factor
D. limiting membrane | In the predator-prey example, one factor limits the growth of the other factor. As the prey population decreases, the predator population begins to decrease as well. The prey population is a limiting factor. A limiting factor limits the growth or development of an organism, population, or process. | A: limiting factor. |
The primary application of biotechnology is in what field?
Here are the choices:
A. medicine
B. chemistry
C. psychology
D. physics | 10.1 | Cloning and Genetic Engineering By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain the basic techniques used to manipulate genetic material • Explain molecular and reproductive cloning Biotechnology is the use of artificial methods to modify the genetic material of living organisms or cells to produce no... | A: medicine. |
In naming ternary compounds, which type of particle is stated first?
Here are the choices:
A. molecule
B. cation
C. subatomic
D. anion | Ternary compounds are named by stating the cation first, followed by the anion. | B: cation. |
The pollen grain absorbs water and does what after it adheres to the stigma of a carpel?
Here are the choices:
A. blooms
B. germinates
C. reproduces
D. dissolves | B: germinates. | |
What term refers to change in position over time?
Here are the choices:
A. Position Replacement
B. velocity
C. Direction Replacement
D. acceleration | Velocity is defined as change in position over time. Can you see that would be the slope of this graph? (slope = rise over run and in this case the ‘rise’ is position and the ‘run’ is time). Find the instantaneous speed at sec. | B: velocity. |
Ice ages, continental drift, and giant meteorites striking earth have caused what phenomenon?
Here are the choices:
A. extinction
B. depletion
C. gravity
D. waves | The evolution of life on Earth wasn’t always smooth and steady—far from it. Living things had to cope with some astounding changes. Giant meteorites struck Earth’s surface. Continents drifted and shifted. Ice ages buried the planet in snow and ice for millions of years at a time. At least five times, many, if not most,... | A: extinction. |
What can all living things sense and respond to in their environment?
Here are the choices:
A. wind
B. sunlight
C. warmth
D. stimuli | All living things can sense and respond to stimuli in their environment. Stimuli might include temperature, light, or gravity. | D: stimuli. |
What do we call use of electric current to encode information?
Here are the choices:
A. electronics
B. metals
C. ferious
D. products | The use of electric current to encode information is called electronics. Electronic signals may be digital or analog signals. Both types of signals encode information by changing the voltage of an electric current, but they do so in different ways. | A: electronics. |
How many additional pairs of appendages do arachnids have?
Here are the choices:
A. 0
B. 2
C. 6
D. 4 | Arachnids also have two additional pairs of appendages. Describe these two pairs. | B: 2. |
Melting points are temperatures that are high enough to separate liquids from which substances?
Here are the choices:
A. solids
B. seeds
C. gases
D. oils | The melting point of a substance is the temperature that separates a solid and a liquid. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature that separates a liquid and a gas. What accounts for this variability? Why do some substances become liquids at very low temperatures, while others require very high temperatures ... | A: solids. |
Strong, stable bonds between carbon atoms produce complex molecules containing chains, branches, and rings; the chemistry of these compounds is called what?
Here are the choices:
A. nuclear chemistry
B. animal chemistry
C. organic chemistry
D. inorganic chemistry | Summary 20.1 Hydrocarbons Strong, stable bonds between carbon atoms produce complex molecules containing chains, branches, and rings. The chemistry of these compounds is called organic chemistry. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen. The alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons—that is, hyd... | C: organic chemistry. |
What are the blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart and tend to have thinner walls?
Here are the choices:
A. clots
B. capillaries
C. veins
D. glands | Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. This blood is no longer under pressure, so veins have thinner walls. To keep the blood moving, many veins have valves that prevent the backflow of blood. Veins generally carry oxygen-poor blood. The smallest veins are called venules. They merge to form larger a... | C: veins. |
What is a measure of the amount of space a substance or an object takes up?
Here are the choices:
A. volume
B. mass
C. density
D. speed | Volume measures the amount of space that a substance or an object takes up. The basic SI unit for volume is the cubic meter (m 3 ). | A: volume. |
Potassium, calcium, and magnesium are considered what kind of nutrients?
Here are the choices:
A. minor nutrients
B. micronutrients
C. major nutrients
D. macronutrients | D: macronutrients. | |
What normally prevent a positively charged particle from colliding and reacting with a positively charged nucleus, but may be overcome by kinetic energy?.
Here are the choices:
A. toxic repulsion
B. kinetic repulsions
C. electrostatic repulsions
D. evaporation repulsions | Bombarding a target of one element with high-energy nuclei or subatomic particles can create new elements. Electrostatic repulsions normally prevent a positively charged particle from colliding and reacting with a positively charged nucleus. If the positively charged particle is moving at a very high speed, however, it... | C: electrostatic repulsions. |
Sometimes two or more distinct phenotypes can each have their advantages and be selected for by natural selection; this is known as what?
Here are the choices:
A. shedding selection
B. extra selection
C. diversifying selection
D. multiplying selection | Diversifying Selection Sometimes two or more distinct phenotypes can each have their advantages and be selected for by natural selection, while the intermediate phenotypes are, on average, less fit. Known as diversifying selection (Figure 19.8), this is seen in many populations of animals that have multiple male forms.... | C: diversifying selection. |
Management programs based on population-regulating factors have helped prevent the extinction of many?
Here are the choices:
A. omnivores
B. keystone species
C. abundant species
D. endangered species | D: endangered species. | |
What basic plant structure is the site of photosynthesis?
Here are the choices:
A. leaves
B. spores
C. roots
D. nucleus | A: leaves. | |
What provides the identities of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change?
Here are the choices:
A. genome sequence
B. electron shells
C. atomic numbers
D. chemical formulas | A balanced chemical equation provides a great deal of information in a very succinct format. Chemical formulas provide the identities of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change, allowing classification of the reaction. Coefficients provide the relative numbers of these chemical species, allowing a qu... | D: chemical formulas. |
What process creates sperm?
Here are the choices:
A. altostratus
B. spermatogensis
C. genesis
D. hypothalamus | Sperm are produced in the testes in the process of spermatogenesis. | B: spermatogensis. |
Both fluorine and lithium are highly reactive elements because of their number of what?
Here are the choices:
A. positrons
B. valence electrons
C. shell electrons
D. covalence electrons | Both fluorine and lithium are highly reactive elements because of their number of valence electrons. Fluorine will readily gain one electron and lithium will just as readily give up one electron to become more stable. In fact, lithium and fluorine will react together as shown in the Figure below . When the two elements... | B: valence electrons. |
Earth acts like a giant version of what device, with angular momentum along its axis and pointing at polaris, the north star?
Here are the choices:
A. compass
B. telescope
C. accelerator
D. gyroscope | Earth itself acts like a gigantic gyroscope. Its angular momentum is along its axis and points at Polaris, the North Star. But Earth is slowly precessing (once in about 26,000 years) due to the torque of the Sun and the Moon on its nonspherical shape. | D: gyroscope. |
Ovulation takes place in what organ and is part of the menstrual cycle?
Here are the choices:
A. fallopian tube
B. testes
C. uterus
D. ovary | The menstrual cycle includes events that take place in the ovary, such as ovulation. | D: ovary. |
Instead of a nervous system, plant responses are generally controlled by what type of molecules, which serves as chemical messengers?
Here are the choices:
A. receptors
B. enzymes
C. sugars
D. hormones | Like all organisms, plants detect and respond to stimuli in their environment. Unlike animals, plants can’t run, fly, or swim toward food or away from danger. They are usually rooted to the soil. Instead, a plant’s primary means of response is to change how it is growing. Plants also don’t have a nervous system to cont... | D: hormones. |
Asexual reproduction occurs by what process?
Here are the choices:
A. balancing
B. ripening
C. budding
D. mating | Sponges reproduce both asexually and sexually. Asexual reproduction occurs by budding. Figure below shows the sponge life cycle when sexual reproduction is involved. Adult sponges produce eggs and sperm. In many species, the same individuals produce both. However, they don’t produce eggs and sperm at the same time. As ... | C: budding. |
What do all respiratory diseases affect?
Here are the choices:
A. transit exchange process
B. helium exchange process
C. gas exchange process
D. liquid exchange process | Reproduction Fungi reproduce sexually and/or asexually. Perfect fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually, while the so-called imperfect fungi reproduce only asexually (by mitosis). In both sexual and asexual reproduction, fungi produce spores that disperse from the parent organism by either floating on the wind or h... | C: gas exchange process. |
What is one trait that the sponge and tarantula share?
Here are the choices:
A. lack of a cycle
B. lack of a emerge
C. lack of a backbone
D. lack of ogranic | One trait the sponge and tarantula share is lack of a backbone. In fact, they don’t have any bones at all. These are defining traits of all invertebrates. Some invertebrates have a skeleton, but it isn’t made of bone. Many other traits of invertebrates show considerable diversity. | C: lack of a backbone. |
What bonds form when pairs of electrons are shared?
Here are the choices:
A. neutron bonds
B. dissonance bonds
C. ionized bonds
D. covalent bonds | D: covalent bonds. | |
Hydrocarbons in which all carbons are connected by single bonds are called?
Here are the choices:
A. alkanes
B. enzymes
C. lipids
D. acids | Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Because each carbon atom can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, very large and complex molecules can be formed just from these two elements. Hydrocarbons in which all carbons are connected by single bonds are known as alkanes . If a C... | A: alkanes. |
What occurs when two wave crests overlap?
Here are the choices:
A. constructive interference
B. constructive dissonance
C. constructive overlap
D. forth interference | Constructive interference occurs when two wave crests overlap, doubling the wave amplitude at that location. | A: constructive interference. |
The length of a rectangular surface multiplied by its width is equal to what?
Here are the choices:
A. area
B. height
C. volume
D. circumference | The area of a rectangular surface is calculated as its length multiplied by its width. | A: area. |
What is the testing for disease in a fetus or embryo?
Here are the choices:
A. prenatal screening
B. complete screening
C. placental screening
D. dynamic screening | Consultations with human geneticists and genetic counselors are an important first step in genetic testing. They will most likely prescribe some sort of prenatal screening (see the Human Genetics: Diagnosis and Treatment (Advanced) concept). Prenatal screening (also known as prenatal diagnosis or prenatal testing) is t... | A: prenatal screening. |
The two adrenal glands are glands located just above the what?
Here are the choices:
A. kidneys
B. intestines
C. esophagus
D. lungs | The two adrenal glands are glands located just above the kidneys. Each adrenal gland has an outer layer (cortex) and inner layer (medulla) that secrete different hormones. The hormone adrenaline is secreted by the inner layer. It prepares the body to respond to emergencies. For example, it increases the amount of oxyge... | A: kidneys. |
What is the term for the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time?
Here are the choices:
A. wave velocity
B. wave speed
C. wave distance
D. wave frequency | Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time. Higher frequency waves have more energy. Wave speed is calculated as wavelength multiplied by wave frequency. Wave speed is affected by the medium through which a wave travels. | D: wave frequency. |
The migration of what familiar coastal landform involves saltation and gravity?
Here are the choices:
A. rivers
B. sand dunes
C. lakes
D. volcanos | Once a sand dune forms, it may slowly migrate over the land. The wind moves grains of sand up the gently sloping side of the dune. This is done by saltation. When the sand grains reach the top of the dune, they slip down the steeper side. The grains are pulled by gravity. The constant movement of sand up and over the d... | B: sand dunes. |
The procedure known as angioplasty is used when what part of the circulatory system is clogged?
Here are the choices:
A. blood vessel
B. the spinal cord
C. the heart
D. lungs | When a blood vessel gets clogged, there is no medical equivalent of "Drano" that will clear it out. There is, however, a procedure known as angioplasty. A thin tube with a balloon is threaded through the blood vessels. Once in place, the balloon is inflated to compress the clog against the artery wall. | A: blood vessel. |
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