questions stringlengths 37 1.22k | reasoning stringlengths 0 3.56k ⌀ | answers stringlengths 4 138 |
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What kind of mutations are produced by nucleotide-pair insertions or deletions?
Here are the choices:
A. shifty
B. framing
C. frameshift
D. cloned | C: frameshift. | |
A form of carbon in which carbon atoms are arranged in a hollow sphere is known as?
Here are the choices:
A. amines
B. analyte
C. fullerene
D. chondrite | A fullerene (also called a Bucky ball) is a form of carbon in which carbon atoms are arranged in a hollow sphere resembling a soccer ball (see Figure below ). Each sphere contains 60 carbon atoms, and each carbon atom is bonded to three others by single covalent bonds. The bonds are relatively weak, so fullerenes can d... | C: fullerene. |
The two complementary strands of what are separated, much like unzipping a zipper, in the initiation phase?
Here are the choices:
A. dna
B. mRNA
C. RNA
D. Chromosomes | Stage 1: Initiation. The two complementary strands are separated, much like unzipping a zipper. Special enzymes, including helicase, untwist and separate the two strands of DNA. Stage 2: Elongation. Each strand becomes a template along which a new complementary strand is built. DNA polymerase brings in the correct base... | A: dna. |
Things that are hydrophobic repel or otherwise don't really mix with what?
Here are the choices:
A. magnets
B. air
C. heat
D. water | Lignin is a tough carbohydrate molecule that is hydrophobic (“water fearing”). It adds support to vascular tissues in stems. It also waterproofs the tissues so they don’t leak, which makes them more efficient at transporting fluids. Because most other organisms cannot break down lignin, it helps protect plants from her... | D: water. |
Arteries and veins are two of the three types of blood vessels, what is the third?
Here are the choices:
A. capillaries
B. muscles
C. neurons
D. fibroids | Blood vessels are long, tube-like organs that form a complex network throughout the body. They transport blood to all the body’s cells. There are three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. Transfer of substances between the blood and cells takes place across the thin walls of capillaries. | A: capillaries. |
What basic structure holds plants upright, bears leaves and other structures, and transports fluids between roots and leaves?
Here are the choices:
A. stem
B. flowers
C. branches
D. leaves | Stems hold plants upright, bear leaves and other structures, and transport fluids between roots and leaves. | A: stem. |
What kind of parasites are nearly all ticks that live on the body surfaces of reptiles or mammals?
Here are the choices:
A. ectoparasites
B. helminths
C. bloodsucking
D. protozoa | C: bloodsucking. | |
What results when birth rates fall even lower than death rates?
Here are the choices:
A. negative growth rate
B. disease
C. increased growth rate
D. mutation | In some countries, birth rates have fallen even lower than death rates. As result, their population growth rates are negative. In other words, the populations are shrinking in size. These populations have top-heavy population pyramids, like the one for Italy shown in Figure below . This is a new stage of the demographi... | A: negative growth rate. |
How do hydrogen bonds help ions and other polar molecules?
Here are the choices:
A. solidify in water
B. activate in water
C. dissolve in water
D. change in water | 2.2 Water Water has many properties that are critical to maintaining life. It is a polar molecule, allowing for the formation of hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds allow ions and other polar molecules to dissolve in water. Therefore, water is an. | C: dissolve in water. |
What two things determine how much kinetic energy an object has?
Here are the choices:
A. its weight and volume
B. its mass and velocity
C. its height and speed
D. its mass and direction | The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object depends on its mass and velocity. An object with greater mass or greater velocity has more kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of a moving object can be calculated with the equation:. | B: its mass and velocity. |
What are the pores in plants that keep certain gases and liquids in and out called?
Here are the choices:
A. chloroplasts
B. stigmata
C. stomata
D. lesions | Additional Land Plant Adaptations As plants adapted to dry land and became independent of the constant presence of water in damp habitats, new organs and structures made their appearance. Early land plants did not grow above a few inches off the ground, and on these low mats, they competed for light. By evolving a shoo... | C: stomata. |
What is the disease in which bronchioles in the lungs periodically swell and fill with mucus?
Here are the choices:
A. asthma
B. nausea
C. allergy
D. leukemia | Asthma is a disease in which bronchioles in the lungs periodically swell and fill with mucus. Symptoms of asthma may include difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness. An asthma attack may be triggered by allergies, strenuous exercise, stress, or another respiratory illness such as a cold. | A: asthma. |
E. histolytica causes what kind of dysentery?
Here are the choices:
A. cocklebur
B. Spastic
C. amebic
D. spicule | C: amebic. | |
What is a copy of an image formed by reflection or refraction?
Here are the choices:
A. a mirror image
B. an example
C. an image
D. a photographic image | A mirror is typically made of glass with a shiny metal backing that reflects all the light that strikes it. When a mirror reflects light, it forms an image. An image is a copy of an object that is formed by reflection or refraction. Mirrors may have flat or curved surfaces. The shape of a mirror’s surface determines th... | C: an image. |
What term refers to the union of a male and female of the same species for reproduction?
Here are the choices:
A. evolution
B. behavior
C. mating
D. life cycle | Mating refers to the union of a male and female of the same species for reproduction. The relationship between mates varies by species. Adults may have many mates, or they may mate with just one individual. Mates may stay together only while mating, for an entire breeding season, or even for life. | C: mating. |
What bodily function do the triceps help perform?
Here are the choices:
A. extend the arm
B. lift the leg
C. make a fist
D. perform crunches | Pearson Scott Foresman. The biceps help contract the arm, while the triceps help extend the arm . Public Domain. | A: extend the arm. |
What properties describe the existence of matter, as opposed to chemical properties that describe how substances change into other substances?
Here are the choices:
A. biological
B. astronomical
C. gravitational
D. physical | Physical properties describe the existence of matter, and chemical properties describe how substances change into other substances. | D: physical. |
Which phylum are all vertebrate organisms a member of?
Here are the choices:
A. phylum chordata
B. phylum arthropod
C. phylum hominid
D. pylum protozoa | All vertebrate organisms are in the phylum Chordata. Invertebrates, which make up about 95% (or more) of the animal kingdom, are divided into over 30 different phyla, some of which are listed below ( Table below ). Numerous invertebrate phyla have just a few species; some have only one described species, yet these are ... | A: phylum chordata. |
What property of matter is defined as the ability to do work and is required by all living organisms in order to grow and reproduce?
Here are the choices:
A. growth
B. heating
C. energy
D. food | Energy is a property of matter that is defined as the ability to do work. The concept of energy is useful for explaining and predicting most natural phenomena, and it is the foundation for an understanding of biology. All living organisms need energy to grow and reproduce. However, energy can never be created nor destr... | C: energy. |
What do nearly all nonsense mutations lead to ?
Here are the choices:
A. nonfunctional proteins
B. hormone release
C. dehydration
D. downs syndrome | A: nonfunctional proteins. | |
What cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction?
Here are the choices:
A. matter
B. heat
C. mass
D. energy | Law stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions. | A: matter. |
When the energy of the earthquake reaches shore, it forms a huge wave called?
Here are the choices:
A. a tsunami
B. a tidal wave
C. a typhoon
D. a surge | When an earthquake occurs under the ocean, it sends waves through the water as well as the ground. When the energy of the earthquake reaches shore, it forms a huge wave called a tsunami. | A: a tsunami. |
Which muscle is broad, triangular and located on the inferior part of the back where it inserts into the aponeurosis?
Here are the choices:
A. Synergistic dorsi
B. bronchus dorsi
C. dorsolateral dorsi
D. latissimus dorsi | Muscles That Move the Humerus Similar to the muscles that position the pectoral girdle, muscles that cross the shoulder joint and move the humerus bone of the arm include both axial and scapular muscles (Figure 11.23 and Figure 11.24). The two axial muscles are the pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi. The pectora... | D: latissimus dorsi. |
What do organisms need to speed up biochemical reactions?
Here are the choices:
A. carbohydrates
B. genes
C. hormones
D. enzymes | Enzymes are needed to speed up biochemical reactions in organisms. They work by lowering activation energy. | D: enzymes. |
The properties of cyclic hydrocarbons are generally quite similar to those of the corresponding open-chain compounds. so cycloalkanes (with the exception of cyclopropane, which has a highly strained ring) act very much like noncyclic alkanes. cyclic structures containing five or six carbon atoms, such as cyclopentane a... | The properties of cyclic hydrocarbons are generally quite similar to those of the corresponding open-chain compounds. So cycloalkanes (with the exception of cyclopropane, which has a highly strained ring) act very much like noncyclic alkanes. Cyclic structures containing five or six carbon atoms, such as cyclopentane a... | D: stable. |
What collect data on the land and sea in regards to the weather?
Here are the choices:
A. weather stations
B. wind stations
C. thermal stations
D. turbine stations | Weather stations collect data on land and sea. Weather balloons, satellites, and radar collect data in the atmosphere. | A: weather stations. |
What is a form of matter that has a definite volume, but an indefinite shape?
Here are the choices:
A. a plasma
B. a gas
C. a liquid
D. a solid | A liquid is a form of matter that has a definite volume, but an indefinite shape. As water is poured from one container into another, it adopts the shape of its new container. However, the volume of the water does not change, because the water molecules are still relatively close to one another in the liquid state. Unl... | C: a liquid. |
What is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder?
Here are the choices:
A. oxygen
B. bile
C. calcium
D. insulin | B: bile. | |
What is the first step towards wound repair?
Here are the choices:
A. blotting factors
B. electrolysis factors
C. hormone factors
D. clotting factors | attracted to the sites of infections in large numbers, and as they phagocytose the pathogens and subsequently die, their accumulated cellular remains are visible as pus at the infection site. Overall, inflammation is valuable for many reasons. Not only are the pathogens killed and debris removed, but the increase in va... | D: clotting factors. |
Noble gases are monatomic because they only contain one of what?
Here are the choices:
A. charges
B. ions
C. atoms
D. molecules | The Noble Gases The noble gases are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Because the noble gases are composed of only single atoms, they are monatomic. At room temperature and pressure, they are unreactive gases. Because of their lack of reactivity, for many years they were called inert gases or rare gases. ... | C: atoms. |
Genetic variation helps ensure that some organisms will survive if what happens?
Here are the choices:
A. they get eaten
B. there's an earthquake
C. their environment changes
D. they die | No physical object can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. (Maximum speed is finite). | C: their environment changes. |
Earth’s magnetic north and south poles are not the same as what?
Here are the choices:
A. geographic currents
B. geographic hemispheres
C. geographic poles
D. equatorial planes | Earth has north and south magnetic poles like a bar magnet. Earth’s magnetic poles are not the same as the geographic poles. | C: geographic poles. |
Push or pull acting on an object is also called?
Here are the choices:
A. Gravity.
B. force
C. space
D. effort | Force is defined as a push or pull acting on an object. There are several fundamental forces in the universe, including the force of gravity, electromagnetic force, and weak and strong nuclear forces. When it comes to the motion of everyday objects, however, the forces of interest include mainly gravity, friction, and ... | B: force. |
What colors in a neon sign represent real neon?
Here are the choices:
A. yellow, white
B. red, orange
C. purple, blue
D. blue, green | “Neon” signs are familiar examples of gas discharge tubes. However, only signs that glow with the red-orange color seen in the figure are actually filled with neon. Signs of other colors contain different gases or mixtures of gases. | B: red, orange. |
What kind of waves consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields?
Here are the choices:
A. gaseous waves
B. hydraulic waves
C. sound waves
D. electromagnetic waves | Electromagnetic waves consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They transfer energy across space as well as through matter. Electromagnetic waves vary in their wavelengths and frequencies, and higher-frequency waves have more energy. The full range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves is called the electro... | D: electromagnetic waves. |
When do weather balloons return to earth?
Here are the choices:
A. when the air cools
B. when the air heats up
C. when the timer runs out
D. when it bursts | Weather stations contain many instruments for measuring weather conditions. The weather balloon ( Figure above ) will rise into the atmosphere until it bursts. As it rises, it will gather weather data and send it to the surface. Many weather satellites orbit Earth. They constantly collect and transmit weather data from... | D: when it bursts. |
What is the addition of oxygen to a molecule or the removal of hydrogen from a molecule called?
Here are the choices:
A. evaporation
B. ionization
C. precipitation
D. oxidation | Oxidation can be defined as the addition of oxygen to a molecule or the removal of hydrogen from a molecule. When an alkane is heated in the presence of an appropriate catalyst, it can be oxidized to the corresponding alkene in a reaction called a dehydrogenation reaction. Two hydrogen atoms are removed in the process.... | D: oxidation. |
Hair and nails are made of what?
Here are the choices:
A. cellulose
B. chromatin
C. proteins
D. keratin | Hair and nails are made of keratin, a tough protein. | D: keratin. |
What radiation, generally produced by thermal motion and the vibration and rotation of atoms and molecules, literally means "below red"?
Here are the choices:
A. gamma radiation
B. microscopic
C. ultraviolet
D. infrared | where k is a constant equal to Electric Potential. | D: infrared. |
Lactose intolerance is a condition characterized by indigestion caused by this?
Here are the choices:
A. fried products
B. pasteurized products
C. raw products
D. dairy products | Small Intestine: Lactose Intolerance Lactose intolerance is a condition characterized by indigestion caused by dairy products. It occurs when the absorptive cells of the small intestine do not produce enough lactase, the enzyme that digests the milk sugar lactose. In most mammals, lactose intolerance increases with age... | D: dairy products. |
What is the name of the liquid component of a solution?
Here are the choices:
A. reactant
B. solvent
C. ionic
D. solute | Solutions can also be comprised of a solid solute and a liquid solvent. These interactions are governed by the same three interactions we discussed earlier: polar-polar, nonpolar-polar, and nonpolar-nonpolar. The Table below describes these interactions. | B: solvent. |
What type of tissue consists of cells that cover inner and outer body surfaces?
Here are the choices:
A. aberrant ?
B. Soft Tissue
C. mitochondrial ?
D. epithelial? | Epithelial tissue consists of cells that cover inner and outer body surfaces. Examples include skin and the linings of internal organs. Epithelial tissue protects the body and its internal organs. It also secretes substances such as hormones and absorbs substances such as nutrients. | D: epithelial?. |
Where is the site of photosynthesis?
Here are the choices:
A. the organism
B. another chloroplast
C. the chloroplast
D. the chloroburst | The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Part of the photosynthesis reactions occur in an internal membrane within the organelle. Many of the pigments and other molecules necessary for photosynthesis are embedded within these internal membranes, The chloroplast contains many of these internal membranes, allowing ... | C: the chloroplast. |
What can be identified as an element, a compound, or a mixture?
Here are the choices:
A. waves
B. light
C. energy
D. matter | Matter can be identified as an element, a compound, or a mixture. | D: matter. |
Vaccination is the process of exposing a person to pathogens on purpose so the person will develop what?
Here are the choices:
A. immunity
B. sensitivity
C. allergy
D. autonomy | You don’t have to suffer through an infection to gain immunity to some diseases. Immunity can also come about by vaccination. Vaccination is the process of exposing a person to pathogens on purpose so the person will develop immunity to them. In vaccination, the pathogens are usually injected under the skin. Only part ... | A: immunity. |
What is the layer above the troposphere?
Here are the choices:
A. earth
B. sediment
C. stratosphere
D. condensation | The stratosphere is the layer above the troposphere. The layer rises to about 50 kilometers (31 miles) above the surface. | C: stratosphere. |
The calvin cycle and light reactions are the two stages of what process?
Here are the choices:
A. photosynthesis
B. cell growth
C. condensation
D. evaporation | Photosynthesis occurs in two stages, called the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. Figure below sums up what happens in these two stages. Both stages are described below. | A: photosynthesis. |
Untreated chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which affects what organ system?
Here are the choices:
A. circulatory system
B. female reproductive system
C. nervous system
D. endocrine system | Symptoms of chlamydia may include a burning sensation during urination and a discharge from the vagina or penis. Chlamydia can be cured with antibiotics , but often there are no symptoms, so people do not seek treatment. Untreated chlamydia can lead to more serious problems, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) . ... | B: female reproductive system. |
What feature of the land do contour lines show?
Here are the choices:
A. trails
B. flat surfaces
C. three-dimensional shape
D. bodies of water | Indeed, scientists discovered something astonishing. Many times in Earth’s history, the magnetic poles have switched positions. North becomes south and south becomes north! When the north and south poles are aligned as they are now, geologists say it is normal polarity. When they are in the opposite position, they say ... | C: three-dimensional shape. |
By what process does the haploid gametophyte produce the gametes?
Here are the choices:
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. Spermatogenesis
D. angiogenesis | The haploid gametophyte produces the gametes, or sperm and egg, by mitosis. Remember, gametes are haploid, having one set of chromosomes. | A: mitosis. |
Where do carrier proteins carry ions or molecules?
Here are the choices:
A. between nuclei
B. across the membrane
C. back to nucleus
D. across isotopes | A carrier protein is a transport protein that is specific for an ion, molecule, or group of substances. Carrier proteins "carry" the ion or molecule across the membrane by changing shape after the binding of the ion or molecule. Carrier proteins are involved in passive and active transport. A model of a channel protein... | B: across the membrane. |
Among vertebrates, what broad category of animals is most capable of learning?
Here are the choices:
A. birds
B. reptiles
C. mammals
D. fish | Mammals are very intelligent. Of all vertebrates, they are the animals that are most capable of learning. Mammalian offspring are fed and taken care of by their parents for a relatively long time. This gives them plenty of time to learn from their parents. By learning, they can benefit from the experiences of their eld... | C: mammals. |
What is the first step of the calvin cycle called?
Here are the choices:
A. dioxide fixation
B. breath fixation
C. carbon maturation
D. carbon fixation | The Calvin cycle has three major steps: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. All three steps take place in the stroma of a chloroplast. | D: carbon fixation. |
What harmful substance must not be drained into s storm sewer?
Here are the choices:
A. motor oil
B. water runoff
C. alcohol
D. debris | People may dispose of harmful substances incorrectly. For example, motor oil must not be drained into a storm sewer. | A: motor oil. |
What is the special name given to the diffusion of water through the cell membrane?
Here are the choices:
A. passive transport
B. electrolysis
C. hemostasis
D. osmosis | If a molecule can pass freely through a cell membrane, it will cross the membrane by diffusion ( Figure below ). The inside of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic, so certain molecules cannot easily pass through the membrane. Recall the semipermeable nature of the lipid bilayer. Molecules that cannot easily pass through... | D: osmosis. |
What happens to the electrical conductivity of metals when placed in a pot of boiling water?
Here are the choices:
A. increases slowly
B. stays the same
C. decreases slowly
D. increases quickly | levels. If a solid has a filled valence band with a relatively low-lying empty band above it (a conduction band), then electrons can be excited by thermal energy from the filled band into the vacant band where they can then migrate through the crystal, resulting in electrical conductivity. Electrical insulators are poo... | C: decreases slowly. |
Most bird species display this behavior, meaning the male and female remain together for breeding for a few years or until one mate dies?
Here are the choices:
A. dichotomy
B. isolation
C. polygamy
D. monogamy | In birds, 90% to 95% of species are monogamous , meaning the male and female remain together for breeding for a few years or until one mate dies. Birds of all types, from parrots to eagles and falcons, are monogamous. Usually, the parents take turns incubating the eggs. Birds usually incubate their eggs after the last ... | D: monogamy. |
Many pathogens spread by droplets in the air. droplets are released when a person does what?
Here are the choices:
A. cries or laughs
B. coughs or sneezes
C. itches or scratches
D. vomits or cries | Many pathogens spread by droplets in the air. Droplets are released when a person coughs or sneezes, as you can see in Figure below . The droplets may be loaded with pathogens. Other people may get sick if they breathe in the pathogens on the droplets. Viruses that cause colds and flu can spread this way. | B: coughs or sneezes. |
Chemical reactions that consume energy are called what?
Here are the choices:
A. inefficient reactions
B. endothermic reactions
C. greedy reactions
D. exothermic reactions | Chemical reactions that consume energy are called endothermic reactions . Energy is usually absorbed from the surroundings as heat. An example is the synthesis of ammonia, described above. In organisms, endothermic reactions are called anabolic reactions . Anabolic reactions construct molecules from smaller units. An e... | B: endothermic reactions. |
What do most organisms eat in the profundal zone of a lake?
Here are the choices:
A. fresh organisms
B. fish waste
C. algae organism
D. dead organisms | The deeper water of a lake makes up the profundal zone. There isn’t enough light for photosynthesis in this zone, so most organisms here eat dead organisms that drift down from the water above. Organisms in the profundal zone may include clams, snails, and some species of fish. | D: dead organisms. |
The variation in a sample can be represented by what quantity, which means the total spread of values?
Here are the choices:
A. variety
B. median
C. mode
D. range | The variation in a sample can be represented by the range, or the total spread of values. | D: range. |
A protein’s shape is determined, most fundamentally, by the sequence of what type of acids?
Here are the choices:
A. amino
B. lactic
C. acetic
D. lipids | Shape of Proteins Just as a fork cannot be used to eat soup and a spoon cannot be used to spear meat, a protein’s shape is essential to its function. A protein’s shape is determined, most fundamentally, by the sequence of amino acids of which it is made (Figure 2.26a). The sequence is called the primary structure of th... | A: amino. |
What are the 3 types of tissues that modern plants have?
Here are the choices:
A. cambrium, epidermis, and ground
B. sinuous , ground , and vascular
C. dermal, ground, and vascular
D. sturdy , ground , and vascular | Modern plants have three different types of tissues. They are called dermal, ground, and vascular tissues. Each type of tissue has a different function. | C: dermal, ground, and vascular. |
Tropomyosin is a type of what, that winds around the chains of the actin filament and covers the myosin-binding sites to prevent actin from binding to myosin?
Here are the choices:
A. protein
B. enzyme
C. amine
D. bacteria | Tropomyosin is a protein that winds around the chains of the actin filament and covers the myosin-binding sites to prevent actin from binding to myosin. Tropomyosin binds to troponin to form a troponin-tropomyosin complex. The troponintropomyosin complex prevents the myosin “heads” from binding to the active sites on t... | A: protein. |
Which group of the periodic table consists of hydrogen and the alkali metals?
Here are the choices:
A. group 3
B. group 2
C. group 1
D. group 4 | Group 1 of the periodic table consists of hydrogen and the alkali metals. Hydrogen is a very reactive nonmetal. The alkali metals are the most reactive metals. | C: group 1. |
What helps frogs swim during the tadpole phase?
Here are the choices:
A. cilia
B. a tail
C. flagella
D. fins | B: a tail. | |
What kind of radiation can be used to disrupt the dna-rna protein synthesis cycle that allows bacteria to reproduce?
Here are the choices:
A. ionizing
B. non-ionizing
C. infrared
D. microwave | Bacterial contamination in our food often makes the news. There are many bacteria present on raw food, especially raw meat. Campylobacter (pictured above), salmonella, and other microorganisms can be found, even after cooking if the meat has not been sufficiently exposed to the heat. Ionizing radiation can be used to d... | A: ionizing. |
The adult cells that form the butterfly begin growing in what developmental stage?
Here are the choices:
A. mitochondria
B. embryo
C. pupa
D. caterpillar | B: embryo. | |
What is the simplest type of carbon-based compounds?
Here are the choices:
A. Buckminsterfullerine
B. particles
C. hydrocarbons
D. graphite | Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are the simplest type of carbon-based compounds. Nonetheless, they can vary greatly in size. The smallest hydrocarbons have just one or two carbon atoms, but large hydrocarbons may have hundreds. The size of hydrocarbon molecules influences ... | C: hydrocarbons. |
What kinds of cells that are important to our physical functioning can atrophy when they are not used?
Here are the choices:
A. digestive
B. brain
C. reproductive
D. muscles | Physical Therapist As muscle cells die, they are not regenerated but instead are replaced by connective tissue and adipose tissue, which do not possess the contractile abilities of muscle tissue. Muscles atrophy when they are not used, and over time if atrophy is prolonged, muscle cells die. It is therefore important t... | D: muscles. |
Dengue fever and yellow fever are examples of diseases caused by what type of pathogen?
Here are the choices:
A. fungi
B. worms
C. bacteria
D. virus | Some of the present emerging diseases are not actually new, but are diseases that were catastrophic in the past (Figure 22.23). They devastated populations and became dormant for a while, just to come back, sometimes more virulent than before, as was the case with bubonic plague. Other diseases, like tuberculosis, were... | D: virus. |
The geologic time scale is divided into eons, eras, periods, and?
Here are the choices:
A. cultures
B. tropics
C. epochs
D. zones | The geologic time scale is divided into eons, eras, periods, and epochs. | C: epochs. |
What molecule is used for most energy functions in organisms?
Here are the choices:
A. ADP or Adenosine Diphosphate
B. atp or adenozine triphosphate
C. RNA or ribonucleic acid
D. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid | All chemical reactions involve energy. Energy is used to break bonds in reactants, and energy is released when new bonds form in products. Endothermic reactions absorb energy, and exothermic reactions release energy. | B: atp or adenozine triphosphate. |
Which part of the nephron collects wastes in the blood?
Here are the choices:
A. tubule
B. waste sac
C. vesicle
D. filter | The part of each nephron called the glomerulus is where blood in the capillaries is filtered. Excess water and wastes are filtered out of the blood. The tubule of the nephron collects these substances. Some of the water is reabsorbed. The remaining fluid is urine. | A: tubule. |
What kind of behavior occurs only after experience or practice?
Here are the choices:
A. instinctive behavior
B. memory
C. juvenile behavior
D. learned behavior | Learned behavior is behavior that occurs only after experience or practice. | D: learned behavior. |
The right side of the heart collects what type of blood from the body?
Here are the choices:
A. dioxide-poor
B. oxygen-poor
C. potassium-rich
D. oxygen-rich | Blood flows through the heart in two separate loops. You can think of them as a “left side loop” and a “right side loop. ” The right side of the heart collects oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it into the lungs, where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. The left side carries the oxygen-rich blood b... | B: oxygen-poor. |
Hot material from near the sun’s center rises in which zone?
Here are the choices:
A. radiative zone
B. convection zone
C. thermosphere
D. drifting zone | The convection zone surrounds the radiative zone. In the convection zone, hot material from near the Sun’s center rises. This material cools at the surface, and then plunges back downward. The material then receives more heat from the radiative zone. | B: convection zone. |
The presence of what in leaf cells makes most leaves appear green?
Here are the choices:
A. sodium
B. carbonate
C. hydrogen
D. chlorophyll | 30.4 | Leaves By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Identify the parts of a typical leaf • Describe the internal structure and function of a leaf • Compare and contrast simple leaves and compound leaves • List and describe examples of modified leaves Leaves are the main sites for photosynthesis: the proces... | D: chlorophyll. |
What is the name of the project concerning genetics that is one of the landmark scientific events of the last 50 years?
Here are the choices:
A. manhattan project
B. human organism project
C. human genome project
D. blue beam project | Beginning with Mendel's pea plants, genetics has become one of the most important fields of biology. Genetics discusses genetics, from Mendel's pea plants to current ethical issues associated with this field. The completion of The Human Genome Project is one of the landmark scientific events of the last 50 years. Human... | C: human genome project. |
Wind is one method for dispersal of what, ensuring a new generation?
Here are the choices:
A. seeds
B. clouds
C. eggs
D. dust | A: seeds. | |
Most ecosystems are disturbed too often to attain what final, stable status?
Here are the choices:
A. calm community
B. climax community
C. even community
D. undisrupted community | Most ecosystems are disturbed too often to attain a final, stable climax community. | B: climax community. |
What kind of diet is typical for raptors, such as hawks and owls?
Here are the choices:
A. herbivorous
B. carnivorous or herbivorous
C. carnivorous
D. fishes | Raptors such as hawks and owls are carnivores. They hunt and eat mammals and other birds. Vultures are scavengers . They eat the remains of dead animals, such as roadkill. Aquatic birds generally eat fish or water plants. Perching birds may eat insects, fruit, honey, or nectar. Many fruit-eating birds play a key role i... | C: carnivorous. |
The most basic division of land plants is between what type of plants?
Here are the choices:
A. succulents and conifers
B. perennial and annual
C. nonvascular and vascular
D. deciduous and evergreen | The scientific classification of modern land plants is under constant revision. Informally, land plants can be classified into the groups listed in Table below . The most basic division is between nonvascular and vascular plants. Vascular plants are further divided into those that reproduce without seeds and those that... | C: nonvascular and vascular. |
What do vaccines produce to combat viral diseases?
Here are the choices:
A. sensitivity
B. immunity
C. hyperthyroidism
D. sterility | The study of viruses is known as virology and people who study viruses are known as virologists . Viruses infect and live inside the cells of living organisms. When viruses infect the cells of their host, they may cause disease. For example, viruses cause AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome), influenza (flu), chi... | B: immunity. |
Internal functions are coordinated and regulated so that the internal environment of a living thing is relatively constant, referred to as what?
Here are the choices:
A. hypothesis
B. homeostasis
C. homogenesis
D. stabilizer | Biology - The Life Science • Internal functions are coordinated and regulated so that the internal environment of a living thing is relatively constant, referred to as homeostasis10 . Living things are organized in the microscopic level from atoms up to cells11 . Atoms are arranged into molecules, then into macromolecu... | B: homeostasis. |
What is a long, tube-shaped bundle of neurons, protected by the vertebrae?
Here are the choices:
A. the spinal cord
B. a ganglion
C. an axon
D. a dendrite | The spinal cord is a long, tube-shaped bundle of neurons, protected by the vertebrae. It runs from the brain stem to the lower back. The main job of the spinal cord is to carry nerve impulses back and forth between the body and brain. The spinal cord is like a two-way highway. Messages about the body, both inside and o... | A: the spinal cord. |
What does the kelvin scale measure?
Here are the choices:
A. precipitation
B. height
C. temperature
D. oxygen | The SI scale for measuring temperature is the Kelvin scale . However, some scientists use the Celsius scale instead. If you live in the U. S. , you are probably more familiar with the Fahrenheit scale. Table below compares all three temperature scales. What is the difference between the boiling and freezing points of w... | C: temperature. |
Ash that enters the air naturally as a result of a volcano eruption is classified as what kind of pollutant?
Here are the choices:
A. natural pollutant
B. primary pollutant
C. secondary pollutant
D. thick pollutant | Primary pollutants enter the air directly. Some are released by natural processes, like ash from volcanoes. Most are released by human activities. They pour into the air from vehicles and smokestacks. Several of these pollutants are described below. | B: primary pollutant. |
What happens when an increase in temperature of a gas in a rigid container happens?
Here are the choices:
A. gas explodes
B. pressure increases
C. container shrinks
D. pressure decreases | An increase in temperature of a gas in a rigid container increases the pressure. | B: pressure increases. |
Which reaction between alkyl halides and ammonia makes alkylamines?
Here are the choices:
A. conductive substitution reactions
B. nucleophobic reactions
C. nucleophilic substitution reactions
D. nitrogen catabolism | molecular masses. Primary amines tend to have boiling points intermediate between those of the corresponding alcohol and alkane. Moreover, secondary and tertiary amines have lower boiling points than primary amines of comparable molecular mass. Tertiary amines form cations analogous to the ammonium ion (NH 4+), in whic... | C: nucleophilic substitution reactions. |
Genes are organized to make the control of gene expression easier. the promoter region is immediately upstream of this?
Here are the choices:
A. propagate sequence
B. signalling sequence
C. coding sequence
D. organic sequence | The Promoter and the Transcription Machinery Genes are organized to make the control of gene expression easier. The promoter region is immediately upstream of the coding sequence. This region can be short (only a few nucleotides in length) or quite long (hundreds of nucleotides long). The longer the promoter, the more ... | C: coding sequence. |
Which phylum is made up of segmented worms such as earthworms?
Here are the choices:
A. annelida
B. chordata
C. nematoda
D. arthropod | The phylum Annelida is made up of segmented worms such as earthworms. Segmented worms are divided into many repeating segments. There are roughly 15,000 species of annelids. Most belong to one of three classes. A species in each class is pictured in Figure below . | A: annelida. |
What is the transfer of thermal energy between substances called?
Here are the choices:
A. Permeation
B. Diffusion
C. Radiation
D. heat | Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between substances. Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of moving particles of matter, measured by their temperature. | D: heat. |
What functional units of chromosomes determine specific characteristics by coding for specific proteins?
Here are the choices:
A. chromosomes
B. cells
C. DNA
D. genes | Matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism are called homologous (“same knowledge”) chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are the same length and have specific nucleotide segments called genes in exactly the same location, or locus. Genes, the functional units of chromosomes, determine specific characteristics by... | D: genes. |
Aside from light, incandescent light bulbs also give off what that wastes energy?
Here are the choices:
A. electricity
B. humidity
C. heat
D. temperature | The classroom in Figure above has artificial light sources in addition to natural sunlight. There are fluorescent lights on the ceiling of the room. There are also projectors on the ceiling that are shining light on screens. In these and most other artificial light sources, electricity provides the energy and some type... | C: heat. |
What is an alpha particle with two protons and two neutrons called?
Here are the choices:
A. chloride nucleus
B. hydrogen nucleus
C. helium nucleus
D. hydrogen nucleus | In alpha decay, energy and an alpha particle are emitted by a nucleus that is unstable because it has too many protons. An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons, so it is actually a helium nucleus. | C: helium nucleus. |
Just as the reaction of a diol and a diacid forms a polyester, the reaction of a diacid and a diamine yields this?
Here are the choices:
A. polyamide
B. phenol
C. polyethylene
D. acetone | Polyamides Just as the reaction of a diol and a diacid forms a polyester (Section 15.8 "Preparation of Esters"), the reaction of a diacid and a diamine yields a polyamide. The two difunctional monomers often employed are adipic acid and 1,6-hexanediamine. The monomers condense by splitting out water to form a new produ... | A: polyamide. |
Structural rearrangements of what include partial duplications, deletions, inversions, and translocations; duplications and deletions often produce offspring that survive but exhibit physical and mental abnormalities?
Here are the choices:
A. cells
B. neutrons
C. phenotypes
D. chromosomes | Chromosome Structural Rearrangements Cytologists have characterized numerous structural rearrangements in chromosomes, including partial duplications, deletions, inversions, and translocations. Duplications and deletions often produce offspring that survive but exhibit physical and mental abnormalities. Cri-du-chat (fr... | D: chromosomes. |
The e. coli chromosome, like many other bacterial chromosomes, is what shape?
Here are the choices:
A. oval
B. triangular
C. circular
D. square | C: circular. | |
What is the force of attraction between two masses?
Here are the choices:
A. gravity
B. momentum
C. inertia
D. electricity | Gravity is traditionally defined as a force of attraction between two masses. Weight measures the force of gravity and is expressed in newtons (N). | A: gravity. |
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