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22393_PrisonBreak | american television serial drama created broadcast fox seasons series revolves brothers brother sentenced death crime commit elaborate plan help brother escape prison clear series produced association 20th century creator series executive produced dawn directed pilot episode series theme music composed nominated primetime emmy award series originally turned fox concerned long term prospects series following popularity serialized prime time television series lost fox decided production season received generally positive reviews performed ratings season originally planned episode run extended include extra episodes popularity nominated industry awards won people choice award favorite new drama nominated golden globe award best television series drama united_states seasons released dvd released blu ray internationally success series inspired short videos mobile phones official tie ins print internet video game spin series produced exclusively mobile phones series spawned official magazine tie novel fourth season returned mid season break new timeslot april series episodes additional episodes titled old ball chain free produced later transformed standalone feature titled final break events feature place scene series finale intended conclude unfinished feature released dvd episode event series announced fox january scheduled debut early air season season season follows rescue accused murdering brother vice president united_states lincoln sentenced death incarcerated execution lincoln brother brilliant structural engineer convinced lincoln innocence escape plan order gain access michael commits armed robbery results sentenced prison michael befriends prison doctor pretends suffer type diabetes order gain daily access prison receives daily shots brothers fight ward execution aided lifelong friend begins investigate conspiracy lincoln jail hindered covert agents members organization known company company responsible framing lincoln lincoln father connections company brothers inmates bag note franklin david lane garrison come known fox river escape episode immediately prior season finale prison industry privileges dig escape tunnel underneath prison season second season begins hours escape focusing mainly series creator describes second season fugitive times second half great escape split journey locations country authorities close pursue individual goals gets fired prison worked main guard chases inmates reward money reunite search large money buried long ago muse watson federal agent assigned track capture revealed working company wants men dead discovers father governor killed meets michael remaining brothers try bring president company member ensure brothers safety allows arrested faces trial trial testimony agent work company controlled president lincoln half killed recaptured brothers panama michael bag arrested authorities imprisoned federal season season follows michael inside lincoln outside panama prison run inmates guarded outside riot year quickly contacted company operative charge operations panama kidnapped son woman michael loves told company wants break season follows michael trials escape plan michael deal extreme tension lincoln deals company operative gets job prison aid michael escape plan lincoln attempts rescue following clue provided claims beheaded sends lincoln head box warning season ends pair manage escape leaving including bag identity discovered prison guard thrown escape captured guarantee traded michael seeks revenge death season major storyline fourth season team recruited agent obtain team initially believes company black book later revealed contain information advanced power cell course half season team cards access breaks company headquarters steal discovered alive dies sacrifices self revealed double agent intent selling highest reluctantly lincoln decides join company michael suffers treated operated company michael later learns mother alive agent company revealed acquire sell highest eventually series main storyline past seasons ends miami recovered michael team general company taken kills episodes season represent series finale penultimate episode seen buying flowers panama son michael visiting michael grave lincoln final episode television movie final break shows happened company michael death story involves county murder general bag adjacent men facility general wants dead bounty michael hears bounty plan break end knowing dying brain michael sacrifices escape revived limited series june reported limited series revival development fox limited series sequel original series taking place years later features reprising roles return series creator despite michael killed series finale fox ceo said series provide logical believable explanation characters alive moving world january fox officially ordered revival series episode order revised episodes march confirmed reprise roles filming began april vancouver cities including scheduled debut early air cast characters maintains ensemble cast season recurring guest stars season features cast actors receive star billing based chicago second season features cast actors receive billing characters downgraded series regular recurring status upgraded new character introduced season introduces new characters prisoners federal changes cast character deaths series creator explains killing major characters makes audience fearful protagonists actually help terms reducing story lines protagonists series characters appeared episode series seasons lincoln high school drop convicted accused charged murder brother vice president united_states cast days start production consequently actor join original cast auditioned role recurring role working relationship fox sent pilot script impression convince fit role actor went audition hair styled tan acting won role arrived set day filming shaved head amazed physical likeness series leading actors seasons michael lincoln brother worked structural engineer time brother case order save brother life michael creates elaborate plan help brother escape prison interview recalled actors tested role come playing mysterious cheesy false week start production miller auditioned role impressed performance cast following day seasons michael lincoln childhood friend decides review lincoln case michael insistence lincoln lawyer appears major character season seasons role leader chicago mafia prominent figure agrees provide escape jet plane michael exchange location eyewitness crimes appears regularly half season makes selected appearances end season beginning second season seasons develops friendship michael time fox river state cell mate initially character story focuses wish reunite fiancée receiving pilot script thought failed pilots network want series pilots started production time admitting like read amazed script huge page turner prior audition role recalled grew told favorite choice subsequently cast role lincoln seasons teenage son greatly affected father death sentence forced hiding target people want lincoln dead seasons introduced captain officers reading pilot script williams initially want portray role character horrible reluctance stemmed father year old daughter manager persuaded audition role williams landed role seasons prison doctor daughter governor linked plot brings lincoln takes liking michael eventually aids escape ultimately joins run actress producers saw audition role principal cast member seasons introduced agent working vice president sure execution goes smoothly appears major character second seasons bag seasons bag appears seasons series violent manipulative consistently bag stop wants lets stand way note franklin seasons desperate family note michael join escape team appears series major character second seasons seasons introduced fbi agent second season assignment locate matched michael background series progresses season finds incarcerated michael eventually forced ally final season seasons incarcerated murder mayor son appears major character season stars episode fourth season norman john season appearing major character season prisoner rules prison dictator drug seasons introduced season girlfriend beginning fourth season begins dating morgan seasons introduced operative company charge ensuring escape season introduced fourth season self special agent teams gang company production conception original concept prison break man deliberately getting sent prison order help brother escape suggested paul producer wanted produce action oriented series thought good idea initially embark mission develop viable television came story accused brother began working plot outline characters pitched idea turned fox felt nervous long term possibilities series subsequently showed concept channels turned thought suited film project television series later considered possible miniseries drew interest steven_spielberg departure involvement miniseries following huge popularity serialized prime time television series lost fox decided production pilot episode filmed year wrote script filming seasons primarily filmed outside hollywood majority season series filmed location chicago closed set standing screen scenes set lincoln cell prison yard shot location prison lincoln cell alleged serial killer incarcerated member production crew refused enter alleged haunted sets built prison including cell blocks housed general prison population blocks tiers cells opposed real cell block cells larger real cells allow space actors cameras exterior scenes filmed areas chicago illinois locations included hare international airport chicago toronto ontario canada spent million episode state illinois cost total million renewed second season resumed filming june dallas texas close proximity rural urban settings locations minute radius dallas chosen included locations represent american towns expected spend excess million texas course second season final episodes second season filming took place pensacola florida represent panama episode took days film approximately million went local economy episode season shot dallas budget million episode exterior scenes lincoln negotiating escape panama jail shot quarter principal photography fourth season relocated los_angeles california music theme music incidental music episode composed score seasons featured original television soundtrack released august produced remix theme music titled prison break theme ferry breakout mix single released europe rapper song television network france belgium replace original theme music title sequence generated publicity helped format features serialized story structure similar season companion told reporters series end fourth season despite decreasing ratings reilly attributed cancellation creativity played point creatively feel stories told want end strong end season finale reilly stated cool ending actually know end hell idea october hollywood reporter reported spin development tentatively titled prison break series revolve upper middle class housewife stint women prison producers original idea introduce season later dropped writers strike new series instead begin brand similar csi miami csi tattoo designed created tattoo took hours applied entire tattoo need shown example scenes actor wearing shirt pieces tattoo applied response ratings critical reception following seasonal rankings based weighted average total viewers episode recorded nielsen_media_research recording period begins late september start network television season ends late debuted august estimated audience million viewers fox seen success monday numbers ally aired september premiere ranked demographics strong debut performance matched positive reviews according new_york_times intriguing new network series certainly original complimenting ability create thriller authentic look entertainment weekly dubbed best new shows hand washington_post criticized somber uniformly performances ratings success fox decided extend extra episodes making new series television season receive season order episodes series averaged million viewers week season premiere second season obtained average million viewers decline young adult viewers decrease demographic compared series premiere household rating grew half hour today commented blamed writers incredibly lazy continuous use tattoo purpose plot fix contrast commended second season premiere matching standard set season delivered rocking good entertainment crew characters ingenious storytelling series creator staff second season obtained largest audience original episode chicago average million viewers overall second season averaged million viewers week particularly fourth season received progressively negative reviews plot diverged origin story breaking prison focused conventional elements government conspiracy drama series classification concerns raised united_states time slot broadcast features scenes contain graphic content france broadcasting complained violence episodes exceeded allowed rating france regulations higher ratings away current primetime timeslot later timeslot decision change rating affect season broadcast second season awards nominations following successful airing series thirteen episodes nominated award people choice award favorite new drama series won award january beating nominees category commander chief january nominations 63rd golden globe awards best actor drama television series performance lead actor received nomination performance season saturn awards best actor television likewise series nominated saturn award best network television series nominated nominations technical awards include eddie award best edited hour series commercial television pilot episode primetime emmy award outstanding main title theme music december nominated satellite award best actor supporting role series motion picture television alleged copyright infringement october associated_press reported filed lawsuit executive producer creator copyright infringement seeking unspecified damages costs claimed sent fox manuscript based experiences prison break juvenile facility 1960s planned successfully executed prison escape brother incarcerated distribution television canada broadcast aired fox aired hours fox airing new television series positioned television shows canada achieving average viewers key demographic million viewers nationally season premiered australian television network seven february average audience million season attracted overall average million viewers decreasing ratings second season seven decided fast track airing season episodes second seasons premiered season second season debuted prior start season sky acquired rights broadcast paying episode series premiered france august average million viewers second season premiered september million viewers season broadcast hong_kong pearl received largest audience country foreign drama series premiere obtained average viewers season finale obtained average viewers second season premiere received average viewers home media dvd blu ray disc sets season released television broadcast regions international consumer electronics 20th century announced complete season released blu ray early release date later announced november television released blu ray disc fox blu ray box set contains discs includes dvd box set special features dvd set containing seasons released region television movie final break included season set regions released separately region final break later released separately regions france germany united_kingdom blu ray package seasons including final break released year initial release season later issued region final break included online distribution addition television broadcast episodes released internet end season episodes available purchase online itunes store began premiere second season fox began allowing online streaming current episode free websites including aol google yahoo extensive network restricted united_states episodes second season broadcast commercial free available week television broadcast date online streaming episodes postponed episode week broadcast hiatus prompted fox broadcast major_league_baseball playoff games october strategy developed parent company myspace attempt maintain viewers interest starting october fox began stream past episodes second season social networking site myspace websites network owned operated stations stations commercials aired broadcast episodes free charge media series spin series produced exclusively mobile phones broadcast sprint customers april fox station episode available internet viewing exclusive deal fox network allowing toyota sponsor exclusive content obtain advertising season series online shorts collectively known exclusively fox feature characters bag distributed internet available free itunes magazine novel book printed media tie products include official magazine tie novel official magazine published launched november issue contains interviews selected cast crew members feature stories tie novel prison break isbn contains details characters pertaining second season storyline written book published released september published prison break scenes companion book featuring production photography writers director photography comment season run attraction tour live feature called prison break live created interactive experience aimed bringing life atmosphere television series attraction toured australia china germany mexico video game video game based development playstation xbox release february canceled shut development prison break conspiracy restarted game developer found new publisher video game released march game protagonist company employee sent inside observe report game features voices original cast members exception international adaptation april announced series adapted russia september russian adaptation premiered channel adaptation uses features original series scenes dialogue copied completely introduces new storylines characters reflects russian reality connection breakout kings reprised role network television series created writers | Prison Break | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 2000s debuts |
22599_JudgeJohnDeed | judge judge british legal drama television series produced bbc association eyed dog bbc created stars justice sir high_court judge tries seek real justice cases stars frequently object deed desire pilot episode broadcast january followed series november sixth series concluded january programme went indefinite break involved television programme expressed wish format series change filmed new episodes series officially cancelled factual accuracy series criticised legal professionals journalists decisions taken deed unlikely happen real court vision court system created newman caused judge issue warning jury let series influence view trials referring episode deed rules called jury service complaint viewer episode claiming biased incorrect information leading bbc ban repeats original form series exception banned episodes series released dvd premise sir played recently appointed high_court judge actively seeks justice cases time trying old romance pupil regularly appears court deed described creator writer character speaks petty rules bureaucracy don speak deed unorthodox actions hampered pursuit justice conventional minded characters including wife george played father judge lord justice sir joseph played sir fellow high court judges justice sir played justice sir michael played permanent secretary lord chancellor department sir played later home secretary played later recurring characters include deed rebellious animal rights activist daughter charlie played initially law student later progresses courts deed police friend deputy assistant commissioner played clerk played hand temper radical ideas involved scenes shown frequently judge advertisements series programme self contained structure trial reaching conclusion end episode later years series added format stories running number episodes greater focus personal lives characters deed main case concluding episode production newman devised new series highlight believed touch judiciary solutions style different similar previous work 1970s series law order heavily critical police judge heavily critical corrupt establishment newman wrote series intending audience exploration law getting caught explanation legal proceedings series commissioned pilot broadcast series credited cop genre moving story detective high court judge comparison newman previous work guardian writer called soft doubted seeing pilot provoke questions went provoke hostility interests revealed corrupt sets constructed courtroom deed chambers main characters houses exterior court scenes filmed location filming scenes daughter right wrong locations including film location building war crimes robes worn deed sixth series authentic ones specialist legal cost theme music composed series music entitled judge performed described stunning march like theme echoed programmes supplying judge activities released commercially compilation album single piece online music retailers television promotions series accompanied piano hook episodes produced pilot series episodes series episodes series episodes written produced occasionally directed newman time sixth series concluded future series doubt bbc announced intention use range new projects apparent adaption inspector gently novels starring eponymous inspector commissioned series clarified situation stating producers wanted continue taking formula series changed implying future lay multi format introduced series april told series officially cancelled bbc financial corporation years series broadcast makes longest running bbc legal drama broadcast judge regularly formed backbone bbc winter schedule pilot series broadcast tuesday evenings second fourth series moving thursday evenings episode series postponed month fifth series moved friday nights sixth shown nights week story tuesday nights concluding following thursday series bbc occasionally clash regional programming aired different times bbc scotland series delayed week series began half hour earlier series day delay ratings series peaked episode million continued regularly draw million viewers later episodes series shown internationally canvas belgium bbc prime variety reported american remake set produced nbc produce series follow federal court judge washington terrorism civil rights cases developments announcement reception depiction law judge presents version english legal system notes week deed seen presiding cases prosecuted wife defended girlfriend occasionally help daughter highlighting unlikely real judge conflicts interest court notes deed faults affairs prevent completely heroic figure fact family friends law firmly entrenched legal system constantly fighting deed accused particularly connections bail charlie destroyed crops justice belief legal circles judge arguably unrealistic contemporary legal dramas viewers deed character taking corrupt establishment despite picked apart legal professionals cast newman invited annual dinner drive raise profile attract new members group series creative interpretation law led public real law like csi effect second taylor trial presiding judge warned jury copied deed actions recent episode angry man deed investigated case interviewed witnesses sitting jury simply process critical reaction series caused controversy information presented silent killer suggested link radio emissions motor disease statements released evidence suggest link single factor heart darkness criticised portraying link bbc received complaints matter ruled episode bbc obligation matters public controversy episode repeated original form episode cited internal bbc report output published june section highlighted character bore passing resemblance television criticised writing programme independent calls scripts line come regret crossing swords sir health hazard example wrote called moral storylines episode featured wealthy self important businessman banned talking mobile phone driving ran killed mother small children talking mobile phone mistress explaining wife function cake downing street legged subsequently faked mental illness avoid trial worked deed threatened send point man stood started protesting series frequently dialogue unlikely scenarios called dialogue funniest selected hell series heaven hell deed persona sketch series dead despite criticism given programme series praised best issues human exposure telephone masts relationships production style rates highly writing guardian called pilot populist newman earlier work reference deed relationship writing deed desperate conduct forensic investigation body attractive defence writing programme accessibility audience guardian calls way television plays notable profession famous deed uses english drawn attention masculine programme judge ladies called awards nominations received award merit guild television awards work series series nominated diversity drama production category screen nation awards lost episode doctors dvd release series released disc set second series disc set february fourth series released january disc set dvds published series dvd released february controversial fifth sixth episodes series dvd released february contained double length episodes pilot series received north american release march | Judge John Deed | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 2000s debuts |
23684_HowDoYouSolveaProblemlikeMaria? | solve problem like maria solve problem like maria english reality television talent documented search musical theatre performer play role stage production series originally devised house development team announced bbc april bbc broadcast programme hosted saturday evenings july september title derives refrain maria song act sound music format creation lead role new west end production staged played american actress negotiations fell year search actress fill role revealed november approached bbc allow public cast role style talent search time format programme allow public cast leading role west end initially criticised won international emmy awards series collaborations bbc including dream rainbow series led versions similar series abroad expert panel assess train potential judge live shows expert panel chosen panel comprised musical theatre composer producer producer new stage production theatre producer producer new stage production musical performer dancer singer actor voice coach singer performer vocal coach finalists asked participate series turned saying felt uncomfortable panel giving criticism later judge follow series dream auditions open auditions held april open professionals age london performed tyler secure places maria school days receive vocal drama training expert panel additional performers selected contestant limit rejected initially nerves performance returned second chance allowed panel rejected contacted personally believed potential maria school contestants eliminated leave taken house performed people entertainment business finalists chosen panel taken live studio finals series started saturday july programmes followed audition stages competition revealing final end second programme live finals final contestants competed live studio finals held saturday nights weeks week contestants sang performed live receiving comments judges following performance public got chance vote favourite maria contestants fewest votes performed sing decided maria contest repeated seven voted program different sing offs final casting decision concluding edition series left public choose play maria final contenders million votes cast winning revealed fisher won month contract play maria west end production performing weekly shows profits telephone votes went young performers donated fee finalists potential selected finalists appear live shows auditioned having known college finals original finalists withdrew competition deciding replaced lost place final following sing earned nickname second chance maria start series results summary colour key live shows live shows saw finalists eliminated following individual group performances eliminated leaving contestant ended programme leading performance long farewell remaining contestants week following week competition performances group performances solve problem like maria sound music confidence sound music sing received number viewer votes sing performed matter musical chose save bid farewell week mission week potential performed scene musical actor captain performances group performances favorite things sound music don rain parade guest performance stop river sing sing performed hall chose save bid farewell week week talked girls fitness stamina advised singers looking voices mission fitness test olympic athlete requiring complete assault course attended film leicester square performances group performances lonely sound music don stop queen sing sing performed look face tell sunday chose save bid farewell week ahead saturday night surprise visit contestants worked improve performance watched interact kids performances group performances sound music sing sing performed memory cats chose save bid farewell performance children truly song sing second sing performed don know love jesus christ superstar chose save bid farewell week week mission chemistry test involved giving surprise kiss performances group performances confidence sound music met miss jones right sing sing performed dream joseph amazing chose save bid farewell second sing second sing performed don cry argentina chose save bid farewell week run final finalists visited visit locations famous including finalists chance understand real group performance finalists solve problem like maria sound music sound music sound music sound music announced series winner concluded series performance sound music winner following public telephone vote year old chosen maria performed role west end november february series helped careers finalists later took leading roles west end shows semi finalist took role maria april shows week fisher advised reduce performances week series following final criticised revealed actress hired perform performances week fisher prior sound music opening williams withdrew services reportedly role downgraded shows week leaving fisher perform shows million advance ticket sales million production opened london november positive reviews leading million increase ticket sales day january fisher chosen win award best newcomer sharing prize reducing performances week march following order rest voice run extended february actress took role following tie channel soap fisher numerous appearances stage television released albums performed lead role drama caught trap december reprised role maria tour production july final contestants taken leading roles musicals following series cast december hart west end musical chicago took role maria west end production shows week april fisher reduction performances july started role musical later went play lead role sandy january fellow finalist played tour originated role west end production took role october follow programme solve problem like maria story aired december followed fisher rehearsals new role including opening night fisher finalists appeared special programme december winner finalists dream titled reception initially criticised wanting cast role television talent search bbc criticised actors union equity stated believed members find series profession proper way choose performer series opened negative reviews press daily_mail stating series response criticism told times programme providing platform musical theatre people upset maria precious think things certain way bbc criticised giving production hours free publicity prime time television series considered commercial advertising disagreed saying corporation retained editorial control programme avoided prominence production programme attracted million viewers audience share million viewers share watching live finals million share viewing results programme series dropped low million viewers share series factor started week factor continued gain higher viewing figures weeks progressed final maria attracting million viewers share main million share results following conclusion series ratings high positive reviews fisher following opening night series followed number similar series bbc broadcasters abroad credited helping london theatres reach record ticket sales according independent new younger audience shows flesh series shown united_states june described refreshing simplicity landscape dominated audition heavy musical competitions critic variety didn feel successful awards series won awards received nominations international emmy awards winner non scripted entertainment winner best entertainment programme broadcast awards winner best entertainment programme nominated best entertainment programme nominated best comedy entertainment follow international series success series led series west end themed talent contests produced bbc collaboration saw dream search new male lead play joseph production joseph amazing followed sought lead play nancy young performers play lead production musical oliver rainbow cast dog play forthcoming stage production film wizard bbc collaborated find performer britain entry song contest country needs august reported taken legal action reportedly wanted format united_states cast broadway theatre production discovered brought idea nbc announced look play reality want leaving furious said don understand problem andrew connection stage successfully produced new production spring asked judge want followed series word judge aired dream looking produced netherlands followed joseph looking canadian version title searched maria upcoming toronto production initiated aired aired flemish version titled maria | How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria? | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 2000s debuts |
24297_SpeedGrapher | speed anime series created series ran episodes april october tells story war photographer quest save members club series licensed release north_america aired march august series adapted manga originally serialized monthly comic released september september manga series licensed released volumes english chinese singapore later released volumes north_america september december light novel created written published released july plot follows exploits war photographer investigates secret club ultra wealthy called tries photograph club goddess year old exploited girl named discovered killed kisses granting ability destroy photographs soon discovers body like combination certain virus people bizarre abilities relating secret desires club members honor gifted power soon secret underground society powerful corrupt mega corporation operates attempts free puts run blood members club bizarre special powers engage game cat mouse manage evade capture times attacks severely injuring takes captive murders president mother group marries takes legal control having recovered wounds wedding rescues attempt leave japan prospect defeating plan ends trap set prime minister cabinet members way control control club knew betrayal trapping cabinet members police superintendent members government inside club went mansion exact revenge took away promising kill comes willingly friend final attack stronghold main building addition group politicians world fire missiles tokyo kill battle unable defeat going blind power life final act defiance destroys money gathered killed missiles world collapses financial crisis finally reunite longer threat attack media anime episodes directed animated produced initially aired april september japan released dvd compilations containing episodes july june north american adaptation licensed released dvd itunes dvd compilations containing episodes released region july march limited edition dvds released dates regular dvds march box set released speed aired march august september revealed received license distribute australia new_zealand released dvd volume collector box october box release dvd compilations released march united_kingdom licensed released dvd compilations april february aired internationally latin_america aired series brazil argentina venezuela mexico future planned asia manga based directly anime manga series entitled released japan originally serialized monthly comic illustrated series collected released september september series licensed singapore released volumes manga english december july november respectively released series chinese speed manga received english release north_america released volumes september december respectively volume set released march cancelled shortly germany manga licensed released volumes light novel light novel version written released released july novel licensed north_america set released november cancelled alongside volume manga music drama released japan september addition break second ending theme released single pieces theme music girls film placed japanese edition unable obtain legal rights use theme edited opening house recording theme song hill speed released album related reception received mixed reviews critics found animation sub par compared releases addition found storyline totally silly strange possibly entertaining found later episodes felt natural cited characters improvement animation second class best compared japanese release greatly preferred english noting english dialogue punch better flow drier japanese robinson found rich feel mirrored lovely visuals complicated storyline commented dry central plotline clearly aimed viewers value sophisticated drawn serial stories instant smith ign disliked storyline different reasons felt series trying way hard push content envelope characters likable contrast reviewers found art animation rate job | Speed Grapher | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 2000s debuts |
24343_TheBuzzonMaggie | buzz buzz american canadian animated television series created series centers ambitious expressive fly named family friends set city insects located dump series wanted contain playful aspect director formed overall look characters heavily influenced early cartoon shorts buzz disney series fully animated process buzz premiered june aired final episode concluding season series received positive reviews television critics praised humor voice acting writing theme song way performed canadian singer met critical praise daytime emmy award nomination run buzz received nomination character design aired august replaced timeslot plot buzz follows expressive fly family parents brothers sister family resides old milk suburban fly metropolis located dump ambitious adventurous personality rock star approach life suffers unexpected consequences puts jeopardy follows rules parents wishes ultimately learns lesson core themes conception attends junior high school called best friend summer nemesis dawn strong school staff include principal curtis armstrong buzz uses comedy style relies slightly gross humor includes insect aspects flies appetite rotten food features references pop culture common themes sibling rivalry peer pressure fly point view production concept buzz created writer scary movie south_park early interview explained series utilizes playful aspect naming said learn pursue agenda cares learns difficult negotiate life terms burning bridges creator animated series served director produced series executive producer formed character design supported use series told convinced flash good way previous experience program commercials short films series disney fully animated flash following cancellation animators series hired buzz character designs heavily influenced early cartoon shorts noted characters buzz lot 1930s touches wear white gloves direct homage cartoon shorts characters anime inspired designs heads large eyes stated concept living dump gave lot visual opportunities supervised character design supervised location prop design addition background paint animation series theme song way composed brian performed canadian singer song pride acceptance empowerment score voice directed buzz helmed voice casting cast main role television series preceding role premiered year rest main cast included summer voiced nemesis dawn minor characters series guest voice actors release buzz premiered friday june episodes week moved regular timeslot channel weekend block half hour episode consists different segments buzz aired season comprising half hour episodes final episode containing segments synchronized flying hotel aired fall buzz picked sister network abc network began airing starting september saturday morning block according nielsen_media_research abc premiere acquired rating kids demographic rating share demographics premiere timeslot highest rated broadcast nearly months block key demographics kids kids broadcasts series carried designation reception critical response buzz received positive reviews television critics viewed sunny patch friends meets proud family named far entertaining summer new offerings wrote stands shows little sassy sharp lot funnier channel stuff wrote channel gets race dominated offerings nickelodeon roster offering hip designed commended voice acting sharp writing stating factor hit humor home philadelphia_inquirer critic noted includes little gross humor reasonably adolescent standards concluded animation little premise nicely maintained deemed fly concept said set apart earlier endeavors regarded strong forceful attitude positive role model kids critic deemed suitably silly los times called delightful time premiere louis post dispatch named tops night writing considered inspiring fun loving lawrence journal world wrote buzz strikes decent balance cartoon anarchy disney girl praised title character status writing prevents stories cute dallas morning news graded buzz regarded perfect children wrote relatively simple plots equally simple resolutions clean dialogue create fine cartoons late afternoon respite similarly theme song way received positive reactions called great wrote episode explodes dynamic theme song awards nominations nominated animated television production award 33rd annie awards work episode lost fairly year brian received nomination outstanding original song theme song way 33rd daytime emmy awards lost song sunshine young restless | The Buzz on Maggie | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 2000s debuts |
24612_Dumped | dumped dumped british reality television programme started september aired nightly september channel involved contestants living weeks rubbish dump site near surrey contestants survived days found dump awarded share equally working title programme contestant voluntarily left programme day series promoted large publicity campaign included advertisements websites concert programme achieved peak million viewers marginally number people watching channels time programme criticised filmed artificial choice fame hungry contestants production format dumped filmed june initially scheduled channel_4 spring line occur programme postponed start channel period creative renewal established racism controversy occurred fifth series celebrity big brother january participants initially informed task live purpose rubbish dump adjacent working site days left equipped sleeping bag drinking roll paper food delivered weekly basis prize fund shared equally participated entire weeks director environmental presented programme set contestants regular challenges participants wear gloves protective boots face masks working real site person working programme given safety contestants contestants participated represented complete spectrum public opinion environmental issues potential participants told programme involve living instead told unique challenge participant voluntarily left programme days claiming experience taught pre series publicity described channel biggest marketing campaigns year dumped promoted methods advertisements programme appeared websites yahoo guardian daily_telegraph television single delta sun featured people performing everyday tasks bathing whilst posters featuring programme tagline living displayed britain appeared london underground bus shelters london featured posters rubbish september edition sunday_times featured bag wrap promote programme members performed land hope glory site programme filmed instruments waste episode breakdown reaction viewing figures dumped received relatively low viewing figures peak time programme terrestrial channel episode programme received million viewers audience compared television premiere queen watched average million people attracted audience share coming mountain airing time bbc watched million share second episode watched million compared million watched opening episode series hell kitchen penultimate episode viewed million viewers audience share hell kitchen received million viewers audience share final episode programme attracted million viewers audience share million viewed hell kitchen audience share programmes beaten slot bbc attracted million share audience reviews dumped met mixed reaction critics telegraph critical programme purpose departure said according narrator proved didn understand experiment interpretation course times criticised programme setting programme artificial rubbish dump health safety reasons comparing scandals taken place programme blue peter past year newspaper called programme entertaining contestants said gets point website said programme great experiment approve inclusion fame hungry participants compared programme recent series big brother website gave programme negative review calling participants absolute fucking orange gave programme stars channel controller commented programme failure saying didn human narrative need little bit like reality shows controversy initially alleged programme staged contestants living created especially filming channel_4 dismissed allegations stating programme filmed real health safety regulations careful argument started camp day resulted participants stating felt intimidated actions programme producers enter dump discuss members group remain programme offered voluntarily leave programme producers participants decided criticised reviews called loud | Dumped | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 2000s debuts |
24820_KeepingUpwiththeKardashians | keeping keeping abbreviated american reality television series airs cable network focuses personal professional lives blended family premise originated serves executive producer series debuted october subsequently longest running reality television series country twelfth season premiered series focuses mainly sisters kim half sisters features parents previously known brother significant sisters appeared including boyfriend husband son cameo appearances early seasons joining appear regularly brother wife kim friend friend keeping received poor critical reviews premiere criticized high degree emphasis famous famous concept appearing aspects storylines critics noted lack intelligence described family self absorbed desperate fame critics recognized reality series guilty pleasure acknowledged family success despite negative reviews keeping attracted high viewership ratings network successful shows winning audience awards series success led additionally creation numerous spin series including kim new_york recently rob network broadcast television specials featuring special events involving members family background born married children daughters born kim son rob couple divorced robert entered media spotlight defended murders lengthy trial married retired olympic champion born known undergoing gender transition daughters born robert died weeks diagnosed cancer sisters began appearing media spotlight kim personal stylist recording artist eventually developed time stylist personal stylist actress kim ventured fashion opening high fashion dash california kim early career involved high profile relationships including brother singer later singer starred reality television series cattle drive february home sex video kim ray years earlier leaked bought rights million released film superstar february kim sued vivid ownership tape dropped suit april settling million assumed release sex tape major contributor rising fame family production development idea creating reality series originated showed interest appearing television family commented everybody thinks children create bunch drama lives felt didn think natural producer production company decided develop idea having popular family based mind hired camera man visit family home film having sunday crazy fun loving described family seeing tape later initiated series sharing tape american cable network features entertainment related programming reality television series eventually picked august announced families star titled reality described new non scripted family sitcom produced series announcement came week friend announced popular series simple life ending entitled keeping premiered october reality series centers members blended family focusing sisters kim episodes similar family privileged lifestyle maybe minor family ultimately wrapping things monologue importance family noted los_angeles_times described reality series hollywood version bunch harmless high loving blended family backdrop wealth famous connections described beginning filming started came family said going reality going percent commented authenticity saying network haven approved accepted series renewed second season month premiere high ratings described success heart series despite endless family truly loves supports familiar dynamics family hollywood bunch sure entertain following year keeping picked season april signed year deal family kept series airing seasons seven keeping later renewed tenth season premiered march february announced renewed years additional spin series making longest running reality television series country terms future commented reality series indefinite number seasons saying hope goes long keeping including spin series cable network flagship lucrative franchise changed face said network executive producer place report celebrity weren place break celebrity idea brand success contributed significantly building brand inc called hollywood reporter shows minute commercial admitted response suggestion television series promote retail stores endorsement deals cast reality series revolves children originally focused mainly children marriage deceased attorney kim rob children subsequent marriage american athlete previously known bruce featured beginning son marriage appeared times early seasons called step brother rob half sisters boyfriend appearing frequently season spin offs cast members include numerous friends acquaintances family members notably joined keeping second seasons respectively sisters significant appeared reality series kim relationship football player featured dating breakup bush commented appearing saying felt comfortable followed cameras adding important kim rob relationship singer documented dating later admitted decision appear associated family hurt career kim husband appeared premiere sixth season relationship chronicled season ended couple wedding special kim wedding event eventually went highly publicized divorce publicist later claimed allegedly set portrayed negative way short lived marriage staged cameras ploy generate money married basketball player fourth season premiere aired later major role supporting cast series appear regularly following seasons attempting repair marriage kim current husband kanye_west appearance keeping july seventh season started dating kim west seldom seen subsequent seasons explained reasons appearing later know backlash got decided anymore issue issue backlash criticized cinematography complained way filmed eighth season sons wife joined cast regular appearances related programming success reality series resulted development spin shows related programming april announced spin keeping entitled miami later renamed series followed sisters moved miami open new dash president ceo considered sisters capable handling standalone series simple formula took scripted applied reality lot family sitcom elements think humor warmth carry miami added premiered august high ratings episode brought million total viewers watched network anna spin subsequently renewed second season premiered june later returned kim miami season january additionally series entitled lord lifestyles lord released following showcased informed viewers live like king october network announced spin called kim new_york followed format predecessor debuted january followed sisters opened dash location new_york_city series returned season premiered november year january featured husband spin keeping premiered april lasted seasons march announced fourth spin entitled series premiered november followed relocated work opening new dash pop store fifth spin series called dash dolls premiered september recent reality series chronicles daily life employees dash los_angeles owned family network aired television specials featuring important family events television event called kim wedding event showcasing wedding kim broadcast october sixth season special highly successful combined million viewers days bruce came trans woman interview aired special keeping entitled bruce story told featuring family members involved previous interview special debuted attracted million total viewers increase previous episode second aired following day similar viewership separate documentary series announced immediately interview hour debuted july focused handling aftermath transition attempted deal lgbt related issues head programming network said series spin resort spectacle trying emphasize distinct format entirely different programming network including keeping reception critical response keeping subject constant critics inception reviewing variety said network widens lens encompass irritating brood including sisters mom manager distinction having sets useless rich kids featured pointless reality shows new_york_times compared reality series gene family eccentric family living conventionally purely desperate women climbing margins fame feels lot ign criticized family self seeking given platform gain notoriety following conclusion second season series wrote watch want believe attention souls actually fellow man benefits service seasons worth self absorbed speaks contrary reviewing keeping washington_post extremely negative reality series commented firmly captures kim instances series debut simply self absorbed downright writing series popmatters noted disturbing intense hunger fame worse downright boring watch family live tedious lives senior writer buddytv reviewed premiere season discussed reason family success saying fame lot like strip painting los_angeles_times described keeping hollywood version bunch harmless high loving blended family backdrop wealth famous connections said series illustrates nation moral spiritual cultural decay emphasized negative influence noted america years ago regard mixture disdain pity embarrassed idea young lady private moments broadcast world goal reviewing keeping psychology today emphasized influence saying famous questioned decision appear added living life spotlight demands multiple way life lived criticized cameras house writing criticized felt roughly pleasure endeavor new_york_daily_news reviewing tenth season said think interesting adding entertainment value like having spent years watching traffic lights change hollywood reporter said true fashion managed came trans woman family bruce special aired tenth season felt conversations little staged controlled noted attempt educate viewers issues critics positive writing entertainment_weekly welcomed guilty pleasure described reality series favorite little slice reality vine appreciated success family achieved american dream making given platform acknowledged success said keeping gives real ugly hilarious life polished sitcom launched empire guardian evaluated aftermath failed wedding documented keeping subsequently caused public outrage including online protest petition cancel kim doesn exactly self awareness suppose possible believed live happily kelly speculated marriage publicity stunt likely laughing way bank million viewers tuned kim wedding event kelly summarized controversy writing vanity_fair commented long run said near impossible argue continued relevance years later awe inspiring remarkable viewership keeping ratings success month highest rated series aired sunday nights adults seen million total viewers according nielsen_media_research executive vice president original programming series development said buzz surrounding series huge viewers clearly fallen unique ability capture family kind dynamics hilarious antics series fantastic addition prime time lineup second season continued success viewed million viewers average led season renewal hour fourth season premiere aired november featured wedding ceremony brought record ratings million viewers subsequent season debuted nearly million total viewers ranked highest rated season premiere august second highest rated episode keeping second previous season record breaking finale million viewers seventh season premiere series aired earlier timeslot continued deliver high ratings attracting million total viewers exceeded premiere previous season explained success saying people tune watch series relate members family interview magazine said soap operas aren air anymore think reality shows taking genre think draw eighth season debuted million viewers previous season subsequent ninth season premiere ninth season averaged million total viewers million years adult demographic sought highest rated cable timeslot series finished social supported cable program march keeping watched network episode tenth season averaged million viewers slightly premiere ninth season awards nominations keeping nominated won television awards reality series received nominations teen choice award choice celebrity reality category consecutive times winning award won people choice award favorite guilty pleasure sisters nominated cast awards winning times nominated awards winning received teen choice award nomination time choice parental unit category broadcast history keeping premiered october united_states cable network half hour reality series continued air sunday night time slot episode season concluded december subsequent season premiered following year march earlier time slot repeated episode airing immediately season ended episode trunk featured siblings sharing memorable moments season season commenced airing march concluded episodes aired subsequent season premiered hour long episode entitled wedding november ended february episodes aired season extended hour fifth season keeping began airing august concluded trunk episode december sixth season commenced june ended television special kim wedding event aired extended episodes october later returned december episode sweet starting seventh season premiered half hour reality series extended hour new time slot season concluded october eighth season series started airing june longest season episodes ended december ninth tenth seasons aired respectively season included television special entitled bruce aired eleventh season premiered november month previous season finished twelfth season debuted home video releases streaming north_america seasons reality series distributed dvd season released october obtained home entertainment distribution rights variety programming including keeping second seasons series released november august respectively australia seasons released dvd latest addition includes eleventh season released april united_kingdom reality series distributed dvd set seventh season latest addition released june episodes keeping available numerous streaming video demand services itunes google play network streaming service | Keeping Up with the Kardashians | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 2000s debuts |
25110_Karas(anime) | anime japanese hepburn lit crow original video animation produced commemorate 40th anniversary anime production episode televised japan pay view program march august released dvds compiled released episodes feature length direct dvd films english market tells story living fictional version tokyo populated humans japanese spirits titular humans appointed agents land able transform car aircraft armored skilled stop corrupt predecessor taking tokyo supporting characters city help quest concurrent story focuses humans affected scheme won tokyo anime award competition reviewers impressed images produced art techniques story presents themes conflicts cultural traditions modern society relationship people reviewers found presentation confusing follow felt worsened strength art plot initially pictured horror story vengeance theme simple plot similar manga protagonist quest recover body parts murdered lover recovers parts kill final version superhero action story originally intended leading heroes vein japanese period drama characters human detective leads final version primarily focused presentation differs ways typical anime maintains tone exaggerated facial expressions super deformed characters avoids heavy dialogue tends short viewers going based little presented information team left substantial amounts information printing booklet final dvd package setting set fictional version tokyo initially showcased larger areas tokyo production team felt animations featured areas times art designer created modern version ward infused mixture east asian cultures fictional lettering resembling chinese characters fill billboards signs western singapore statues streets buildings modeled structures blending influences period populated humans japanese folklore spirits humans indifferent presence fail lives production team envisioned japanese cities entities require physical agents execute regulate activities concept health city based traditional chinese medicine smooth flow body internal organs team humans water agents city blood integrated celtic mythology concept treating city male yang manifestation female contrast theory treats humans agents children city reproduction system major organs following team vision evil represent elements system idea forms basis relationship cities inhabitants story main plot centers confrontation cold open announces plan remake tokyo story moves ahead years arrives free brother hold hospital heavy injuries early parts proceed week fashion separately fight attack hospitals ward locate body work separate deprived power turn goes base kills reveals capturing completes final plan gets fight rescued city launches stage plan tokyo metal ends human refugees shelter chief police commissioned story takes place main plot focusing humans affected ongoing events detectives investigate serial murders supernatural evidence kill suck blood victims strength seriously believes supernatural involvement bent daughter committed psychiatric hospital claiming committed mass murder survived investigation brings survivor attack director created represent best qualities rural migrants looking better opportunities big cities starts plan arrive shelter chief police reveals starts eating humans trapped shelter sacrifices push daughter away attack confronts climatic sequence conviction cities observe showdown steps help carries request kill brother new power source stopping entire scheme confronting equal terms finally defeats claims understand reasons years despite defending human body soldiers ordered deputy governor shoot tokyo appointed agent protect inhabitants stays rebuilt leave countryside post credits scene boot found unknown character characters production team intended mere transforming hero unlike protagonist hero embodies spirit city acts city interest instead sets idea form characters believes events leading revolution viewing simply passing era promoted hero cross version crow batman title city appointed agents capable transforming automobiles aircraft suits armor animated human souls infused chanting prayer director told animators enhance dark nature drawing faces shadows fight scenes involving place dark settings steam lit animators touched film frames hand creating effect different shaded animation menacing highlighted eyes light shining technique inspired practice light eyes costumes producer explained presence tokyo tower london inspired model agents city stated believed good bad watching cities view raven story cursed scouted land presence tokyo led notice cats conceive protagonist wrote character dark history actions breaking traditional mold japanese hero based idea observation questioning sort hero ward terror happiness produce portrayed product mother brother local boss story states suffering pain character reputation brother initial concept darker casting serial killer hunts retrieve lover body parts project worked main antagonist story states tokyo period events start turned duties started plan city attracted followers intended humans complex forms basis motive views tokyo father figure mother figure aims city role relationship character initial draft known different appearance prosthetic left leg retained final version replaced bodies machinery chose villains linking act agents city killing folklore creatures traditional japanese like tragic anti hero learned plans turned thought angle surprise japanese perceive lack physical threat creature designer adapted designs artist illustrated folklore books prominent roles underwent greater changes pictured direct versions portrayals look like robotic versions illustrated forms dissatisfied designs redesigned based concept instead appearance head wheel heavily armed skull wheels bull headed spider big mouth bug eye hungry humans predator themes explores relationship technology cultural traditions traditions thought observing dramatic drop number folk tales japan undergoes modernization electrical gas lighting light tales born fear darkness production team explained represent city culture functions strengths proportional level technology society society grows advanced functions city represent weaken symbolize elements turned technology regain strength support city dies city suffers heavy loss function associated element represents water level tokyo fell death water based theme implies vibrant city requires healthy mix technology culture main theme choice agents city represent different paths good city choice support following humans enslaved presence imposed standing accept lot continue trying live humans human relationship analogy human human interaction team suggested people open instead staying background hoping results applied decision making saying faced difficult choices decision instead hoping production founded production celebrated 40th year animated film production releasing production joined company project director pitched concept life sized dark hero management researched production direction techniques form traditional japanese theater japanese staged sword fights materials project choreographed sword fights rendered animation rare time felt help distinguish use theatrical elements movie shooting techniques presentation sets apart contemporaries producer felt team lack experience area pushed ignore previous animation work experience break free restrictions influenced traditional animation production japanese animation industry traditionally drew film hand labor intensive inefficient generally non errors difficult correct method called approach conception source images dimensions use computers graphics software introduced computer graphics industry reduced waste animators reuse digital correct errors changes increasing computer power spread use dimensional graphics software create models environments render images approach requires resources create models production teams correct errors remake film sequences faster traditional approach hybrid approach budget aesthetic concerns approach allowed greater artistic details creativity approach save resources disapproved common notion approach economic concern pushed team enhance image quality detailed dissatisfied computer lighting effects ordered animators draw hand bright colors original images concentrated areas shadows leaving untouched areas light falls typical approach duties artists distinct artists think sketch characters appearances artists create models based concept sketches artists worked areas create imagery seen encourage establish consistency images based processes drawings incorporate styles typically found models animators touched enhanced hand sequences involving models form mainly model skirt hand drawn later stages editing team spaced hand drawn frames rendered frames enhance fusion styles production use motion capture techniques animators drew action scenes based feelings inspirations observations animation special effects director explained companies typically reduce animators workload long shots drawing close ups hand team working drew long shots created complicated close ups animators texture software textures models creating seamless details director studied technique props surprise audiences attempted apply technique reproduce associated live actor productions aimed produce smooth product japanese flavor like disney production team real objects rice powder bird feed dust rubble scenes collapsing structures korean dried scenes animation team drew frames motion key frames hand digitally frames create slow motion sequences editing teams industry normally time stretch sequence repeated frames produce shots reflected typical minute anime episodes consist approximately key frames episode consisted approximately key frames infused music sorrow borne atmosphere conveyed background obliged team request japanese flavored music studied tunes accompanying actors strike picturesque pose establish character planned use japanese drums enhance music felt taken international outlook discarded notion wanted music match quality composing watched pre dubbed version episode composed music watched pre dubbed episodes tempo dynamics action chose prague perform main theme felt background city people suited character departments took extraordinary measures producing sound crew recorded engine noise runs tunnel chase scenes involved hand drawn skyline editing team took additional step editing post voice recording ensure lip movements voices extra work hybrid approach inflated budget production times usual spent original video animation media information japanese episodes initially broadcast dedicated anime pay view channel perfect choice march august east asian providing chinese subtitles released single dvd packages regions collectors editions feature hardcover book showing storyboard episode released english dvd edition eighty minute feature length films prophecy revelation april october respectively feature consists original episodes joined additional english voice track released prophecy published music october track audio produced shot comic went sale given free collectors editions prophecy story written author comic adaptation story episode reception impressed reviewers animated imagery affirmed lush imagery hook viewers certain scenes matched standards felt rival beat live action films visual department dvd talk commented saw evidence lot effort went merging animations felt setting scenes darkness points interest smoke effects marred high quality imagery stated richly detailed images fast moving action scenes visual effects collapsing buildings explosions blood best action animation reviewers praised fight scenes generated declaring realistic stunning dvd talk complained camera moved place showing fights stated fights later half failed match half terms beauty intensity variety characters face armored forms finale viewing experience music impressed reviewers stated long scores set mood scenes tone enhancing reviewers watching experience prague performance main theme impressed reviewers claimed brought heroic essence sense power drama enhanced impact quick intense battles suffered worst criticisms story reviewers voice actors follow dialogue presentation reviewers felt abstract presentation forced viewers wanted understand story pay extreme attention details presented dvd verdict critical stating viewer resort reading packaging sense story populated battles characters hard tell apart viewers confused reaction story based half disappointed frustrated explained episodes capture viewers attention remaining episodes reveal greater details story complained tactic poor excuse initial episodes lacking substance said later half answered questions raised created unanswered questions ign dvd talk felt story darker flowed better later half ign felt revelation details came late dvd verdict felt story pointless despite protagonist protector city showdown antagonist reduced ruins reviewers found stripped plot basics shallow good versus evil story complex presentation half appreciated surprising deaths certain characters sacrifice vain rendered poignant emotion point story reviewers felt laid characters despite slightly different usual anime stock characters story properly introduces explains backgrounds motivations making hard identify menace came force personality schemes making weak villain dvd talk found hard piece relationship main characters acknowledged later half addressed issues revealing background characters felt revelations personality motivation helping viewers identify protagonist overall reviewers mixed final assessment common reaction visually stunning confusing story dvd talk commented blending traditional drawings interesting lacking story product triumph style substance spite criticisms won best original video tokyo anime award competition best selling anime titles | Karas (anime) | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 2000s debuts |
25463_BingoAmerica | american game broadcast series follows contestants try compete win additionally series lets home viewers print cards online allow play win small amounts money created produced originally hosted second season premiered october replaced respectively gameplay main game contestants compete episode turn ball comes question asked ball number letter word printed question answered correctly player earns letter ball number ball added dollars bank starts comes bank increases letter duplicate earned player extra letters earned player spells earned letters wins game sponsor logo acts wild card game player answers question correctly ball rolled choose letter added bank regular games played contestants win games win match receive money bank contestant wins game question tie breaker game played question answer begins second question answer starts answer questions correctly wins money bank goes play chance time runs short game goes round round remaining questions game asked multiple choice fashion possible answers given contestants answer incorrectly point credit question given letter applicable automatically given opponent money added bank question bonus round winner main game plays different formats season number represented cash prize grand prize cash prize repeated twice board contestant chose number time won prize revealed twice second season spaces concealed cash values hid balls contestants started row row balls selected number row selection contestants leave game money won risk continue selection row contestants chose balls lost money accumulated bonus round contestants successful picks kept accumulated bonus money activated sphere time contestants chosen bonus numbers matched bonus round augmented marine contestant win format april player win prize second format october home viewer interaction home viewers allowed play cards available website taping complete randomly drawn numbers recorded computer generates cards viewers download print broadcast weeks later home player earns directed website claim prize production series created veteran television producer announced green lit january season contained episodes began airing march second season series consisting episodes debuted october joining asked explain host change argued terrific host network loved working perfect fit exciting changes second season reception received mixed critical reception new_york_daily_news argued series got partly attempting bring television doesn capture game additionally television critic dallas morning news argued moves won hurt anybody added potential raise level audience merchandise announced plans launch new website featuring multiple variations game themed merchandise defunct website launched september year items featured online store interactive dvd game based series format released time second season premiered game plays similarly beginning draw round round players attempt earn accumulating points correctly answering questions player earns bonus board round played winner previous round tries add points score matching hidden numbers round ends player finds match opposing players earn points numbers player chooses round earns points game winner | Bingo America | Media and drama | Television | Other television series, 2000s debuts |
1068_Aonchothecaforresteri | parasitic marsh rice rat florida occurring mainly adults inhabits stomach common wet season unknown intermediate host emerges rains worm discovered formally described originally classified genus reclassified small narrow bodied length females males similar species differ features organs male size female texture eggs taxonomy discovered survey florida marsh rice rats new parasite species study previous comprehensive studies species described worm paper specific honors described species large difficult genus suggested closest small species live digestive systems mammals similar found variety north_america europe placed number related species separate genus transferred species genus species known description small narrow bodied worm increases width length cuticle surface layer smooth females long averaging makes substantially longer female average wide eggs smooth lacking elaborate pattern surface seen long broad digestive system long lined cells known located end near end worm rounded males half long females maximum width length muscular makes lined region worm long opening digestive tube located near end worm length near end ridges sides long located small tip lateral longer reach tip structure functions reproduction curved tip hardened length smaller similar north american larger north american european small long lacks curved tip distribution ecology marsh rice rats florida yielded type locality animals examined infected average worms single rat contained worm worms found stomach ends tissue ends projecting inside significant difference rate infection males females juveniles infected compared adults species occur multiple hosts found marsh rice rat small mammals round tailed cotton mouse cotton rat marsh rabbit occur rice rat eats animal food intermediate host eaten species markedly prevalent wet season spring dry season autumn rainfall patterns influence habits rice rat way possibility intermediate host worm moves surface rains | Aonchotheca forresteri | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
1739_Ctenophora | singular greek carry commonly known animals live marine waters worldwide distinctive feature groups use swimming largest animals swim means adults species range millimeters size like bodies consist mass layer cells outside lining internal cavity layers cells deep cell deep authors combined groups rely water flow body cavity increasing awareness differences persuaded recent authors classify separate resemble having nerve net brain studies suggested differ ways animal evolved independently animals predators taking prey ranging microscopic larvae adults small crustaceans exceptions juveniles species live parasites adults species feed favorable circumstances eat times weight day species possibly fully described named textbook examples egg shaped bodies pair retractable fringed little covered sticky cells capture prey wide range body forms including flattened deep sea adults species lack coastal lack prey huge mouths armed groups large act teeth variations enable different species build huge populations area different types prey capture wide range methods spiders use species single animal produce eggs sperm meaning egg needing mate simultaneous produce eggs sperm time eggs sperm mature different times generally external eggs inside parents bodies kept hatch young generally species look like miniature gradually changing adult shapes grow exceptions young miniature large mouths young live like reach near adult size sink rapidly adult form species juveniles capable reproduction reaching adult size shape combination early reproduction enables small populations grow explosive rate abundant summer months coastal locations places uncommon difficult find bays occur high numbers predation control populations small organisms plants vital marine food chains accidentally introduced black_sea blamed causing fish stocks collapse eating fish larvae organisms fed fish situation aggravated factors fishing long term environmental changes promoted growth population later accidental introduction helped problem despite soft gelatinous bodies fossils thought represent apparently rows modern forms found far early million years ago position evolutionary family tree animals long debated majority view present based molecular closely related recent molecular analysis concluded common ancestor modern like modern groups appeared relatively recently probably cretaceous extinction event million years ago evidence accumulating 1980s indicates words include descendants single common ancestor traditional groups descendants distinguishing features form animal complex complex sea etc complex include animals unlike cells bound inter cell connections carpet like basement membranes muscles nervous systems sensory organs distinguished animals having sticky adhere prey species lack like main layers cells sandwich middle layer like material called complex animals main cell layers intermediate like layer traditionally labelled type muscle complex animals arises middle cell layer result recent text books classify regard ranging millimeter meters size largest non colonial animals use hairs main method species strips called rows run length bodies bear like bands called stacked rows beat touch means bearing greek stem form meaning greek meaning carrying description relatively species wide range body plans coastal species need tough withstand waves sediment particles oceanic species fragile difficult capture intact study addition oceanic species preserve known mainly photographs observers notes attention recently concentrated coastal genera textbooks base descriptions body species symmetrical main axis oral mouth opposite end canals near terminate anal pores mirror symmetry symmetry words animal half circle looks started common features body layers like sea etc bodies consist relatively thick like layers cells bound inter cell connections basement membrane layers cells cells upper layer cell outer layer outer skin consists sensory cells cells protects body cells transform types cell specialized parts body outer layer contains found surface capturing prey cells bearing multiple large inner layer contains nerve net cells act muscles internal cavity forms mouth usually closed muscles throat wider area center acts stomach system internal canals branch active parts animal mouth roots present underside row branches round sensory complex far end mouth branches terminate anal pores inner surface cavity lined mouth developed muscles parts canal system different sides nearest organ supplies nearer composed tall cells store nutrients internal compartments cells produce eggs sperm produce organ covered cells water canals punctuated pores surrounded double connect feeding prey muscular resulting canal system beating cells canals help transport nutrients muscles anal pores unwanted small particles unwanted matter mouth little known rid waste products produced cells help remove help adjust animal pumping water outer surface bears usually rows called swimming plates swimming rows oriented run near mouth oral pole opposite end pole spaced evenly body patterns vary species species rows extend distance pole mouth called plates run row consists thousands unusually long millimeters unlike conventional structure arranged pattern arranged pattern extra compact suspected supporting function normally beat propulsion stroke away mouth reverse direction usually swim direction mouth eating unlike trying escape predators species accelerate times normal speed species reverse direction escape behavior reversing power stroke plate uncertain control experiments shown species rely pressure adapt water different body normally concentrated enter dense water body cavity pump increase bulk decrease density avoid sinking conversely strength pump water reduce volume increase density nervous system senses brain central nervous system instead nerve net like forms ring round mouth near structures rows present sensory complex mouth largest single sensory feature organ opposite end mouth main component balance consisting tiny grain calcium supported called sense orientation protected transparent dome long automatically try resting equally instead response determined animal mood words overall state nervous system example trailing captures prey rows reverse spinning mouth prey bodies rounded nearly spherical times cylindrical egg shaped common coastal sea egg shaped body mouth narrow end individuals uniformly round opposite sides body extends pair long slender housed withdrawn species bodies flattened wider plane typically fringed little genera simple densely covered microscopic capture prey sticking specialized mushroom shaped cells outer layer main components head chambers contain stalk anchors cell lower layer spiral thread round stalk attached head root stalk function spiral thread uncertain absorb stress prey tries escape prevent torn apart addition members genus feed mainly incorporate victims eating similarly incorporate bodies defense differ significantly contain muscle cell type unknown relaxed known relaxed types movement capturing prey flick quickly lure prey like small worms round prey unique movement powered muscle motion produced smooth muscles highly specialized type prey accomplished largely return inactive state smooth muscle rows run near mouth opposite end spaced evenly round body beat rhythm like mexican wave groove runs dome splits connect adjacent rows species runs way rows forms mechanical system beat rhythm water disturbances created pair muscular extensions body project mouth originate corners mouth running convoluted grooves spreading inner surface trailing far mouth species gelatinous projections edged produce water currents help direct microscopic prey mouth combination structures enables feed continuously suspended prey rows originating pole usually extending body species extensions rows passive moving water rows propulsion long active movements contribute propulsion members genera escape danger jet expelled water drives backwards quickly unlike movements coordinated nerves water disturbances created row beat mexican wave style coordinated rows enabled grow larger shapes egg like unusual species described classified primitive body like floating disk like resting sea bed known feeding large inside large mouth filling body bears oral end fused thousand large able bite pieces prey large swallow field mouth lips species pair narrow strips cells stomach wall mouth shut animal feeding forming connections opposite strip tight closure animal pursuing prey body forms pair small oral pair body circular oval cross section extends inner surfaces discovered known species like bodies shortened oral direction short rows surface mouth originating near pole capture prey movements bell possibly short belt animals ribbon shaped animals mouth organ aligned middle opposite edges ribbon pair rows edge emerging groove oral edge stream wing like body surface swim bodies beating rows known species worldwide distribution warm warm temperate waters venus largest meters long slowly rapidly typically centimeters long faster described motion oval bodies flattened oral direction pair bearing surface surfaces muscular foot known species lack rows usually colored live rocks algae body surfaces invertebrates revealed long seen streaming current reproduction development adults species tissues damaged removed reproduce splitting edges flat bodies fragments develop new individuals species words function males females time species genus individuals remain single sex lives located parts internal canal network rows eggs sperm released pores external species use internal eggs brood chambers hatch self occasionally seen species genus thought species self fertile development eggs direct words distinctive form juveniles groups generally resemble miniature adults genus juveniles like adults lack species juveniles gradually develop body forms parents groups flat dwelling juveniles behave like true larvae live occupy different ecological niche parents attain adult form radical dropping sea floor species juvenile appear capable producing small quantities eggs sperm adult size adults produce eggs sperm long sufficient food run short food stop producing eggs sperm shrink size food supply improves grow normal size resume reproduction features capable increasing populations quickly colors live near surface transparent deeper living species strongly example species known red illustration formally described generally live attached sea organisms similar colors host organisms gut deep sea genus red hides rows produce rainbow effect caused scattering light species light usually blue green seen darkness significant groups including known genus incapable species including disturbed produce ink bodies juveniles brightly relation body size adults bodies detailed statistical investigation suggested function produced exact color aspect animals environments depth live coastal mid ocean waters caused activation calcium activated proteins named cells called confined canals rows genes genes expressed genes developing raising possibility light production light detection working animals ecology distribution found marine environments polar waters tropics near coasts mid ocean surface waters ocean depths best understood genera coastal forms likely collected near shore found fresh water prey predators predators genus partly parasitic food plentiful eat times weight day mainly surface water species prey animals ranging size microscopic including fish larvae small adult crustaceans members genus prey incorporate prey cells instead compared spiders wide range techniques capturing prey hang water ambush predators like jumping spiders sticky end fine thread spiders variety explains wide range body forms species feeds exclusively close relatives sea form large chain like floating colonies juveniles attach like parasites large swallow members genus reach high population place time different types prey long mainly capture relatively strong swimmers adult generally feeds smaller weaker swimmers larvae regarded dead ends marine food chains thought low ratio organic matter salt water poor diet animals difficult identify remains possible predators remain intact long provide clue detailed investigation salmon showed fish digest times fast equal weight provide good diet prey mainly turtles eat large quantities temporarily populations large seasonal variations population fish prey greater effect populations specialist observation fishes deliberately feeding gelatinous red_sea larvae sea parasites larvae fish reach adulthood ecological impacts balance marine ecosystems preventing abundance eating plants dominant marine producers organic matter non organic ingredients hand late 1980s accidentally introduced black_sea sea ballast tanks ships blamed causing sharp drops fish catches eating fish larvae small crustaceans feed adult fish equipped invade new territories predicted successfully black_sea breed rapidly tolerate wide range water temperatures impact increased chronic gave entire ecosystem short term boost causing population increase faster normal absence efficient predators introduced populations areas eventually brought control accidental introduction eating north american cooling local climate significantly slowed animal abundance area unlikely restored pre levels late 1990s appeared arrived shortly expected reduce eliminate impact reached eastern mediterranean late 1990s appears thriving north_sea baltic_sea classification number known living species uncertain named formally described turned identical species known scientific names estimates valid species deep sea forms recognized distinct analyzed detail support formal description naming traditional classification divides classes contains order family genera species species divided following orders egg shaped animals long paired thick flattened animals live near sea bed lack adults use attach surfaces pair small round mouth extended like short like umbrella ribbon shaped largest evolutionary history fossil record soft gelatinous bodies extremely rare fossils fossils interpreted found places environment exceptionally suited preservation soft tissue mid-1990s specimens good analysis known members crown group early period additional species found canadian rocks similar age million years ago mid period apparently lacked rows far typical living species appear internal organ like structures unlike found living fossil species reported large mouth apparently surrounded folded edge muscular evidence china year later suggests widespread different modern species example fossil rows mounted prominent represent early like fossil china dated million years ago similar preceding period simon conway morris found branches considered rows filter feeding suggested evolutionary aunt originated animals descendants swimmers changed feeding mechanism propulsion system million years old fossils china wholly extinct class named complex internal skeleton long spines relationship animal relationship rest important understanding early evolution animals origin focus debate years purported sister lineage sister sister sister animal series studies looked presence absence members gene families signalling pathways nuclear signaling channels showed evidence scenarios sister sister animal recent studies comparing complete animal supported sister lineage animals position suggest muscle cell types lost major animal evolved independently lineage researchers argued placement sister animals statistical caused high rate evolution earliest animal instead known animal lack true genes relationships modern like larvae widely assumed common ancestor resembled having egg shaped body pair retractable purely morphological analysis concluded words contain descendants single common ancestor instead found families similar members orders suggested common ancestor modern like like molecular phylogeny analysis species including recently discovered ones confirmed concluded common ancestor modern like found genetic differences species small small relationships remained uncertain suggests common ancestor modern relatively recent lucky survive cretaceous extinction event million years ago perished analysis include representatives concluded probably closely related group diagnosis uncertain | Ctenophora | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
3069_Chitinozoan | singular taxon shaped organic walled marine produced unknown animal common periods mid millimetre scale organisms abundant types marine sediment globe wide distribution rapid pace evolution makes valuable markers bizarre form classification ecological reconstruction difficult discovery suggestions plant fungal entertained organisms better understood improvements facilitated study fine structure mounting evidence suggest represent eggs juvenile stage marine animal ecology open speculation floated water column attached organisms species particular living conditions tend common specific abundance varied seasons appearance range length appear dark viewed optical microscope external ornamentation preserved surface fossils form hairs loops large chamber range complexity increased time backdrop decreasing organism size earliest species large smooth walled mid large expanding variety hollow evident shorter generally solid larger tend hollow largest displaying internal structure hollow leave mark inner wall organisms suggest attached outside debate number layers present organisms walls layers reported internal wall specimens appear display multitude walls reflect construction organism result process immature juvenile examples found suggest didn grow unlikely parts organism formed developmental process complete found isolated fossils chains multiple tests joined base reported genera long chains tend form spring occasionally clusters condensed chains found packed organic classification original description placed families spanning seven genera based morphological grounds genera identified annual basis time progressed publication original classification additional discoveries advances advent scanning electron microscope 1970s allowed improved detection surface ornamentation hugely important identification appreciated comparison images page light microscope image far greater quality achieved earlier century poorly preserved specimens advanced original families proposed represented best classification possible available data based largely presence absence chains organisms chamber shape orders subsequently revised conform better taxonomy placing related organisms closely possible scientific advances permitted identification distinctive traits organisms groups features base neck presence spines connections considered useful features relationships original guess order similar based tests produced extant members group chemistry tests differs fossils modern exclusively fresh water extremely different environment year abandoned initial idea arguments forwards proposed organisms plants similar grouped mentioned previously spines attached exterior vessel animals cellular machinery necessary perform feat analogy envelope found kingdom young colonial organic walled fossils occurred life cycle known clear reproduced suggested represent pre stages period colony sexual reproduction formation new colony hypothesis appears supported occurrence fossils appear mirror similar chemical composition fossils seized sides argument proponents suggest use chemical framework indicator related factor means situations favouring preservation tend preserve preparation techniques extract fossils favour groups equally apparent occurrence fossils merely artifact similar composition hypothesis struggles explain continuing abundance middle increasingly rare forms particular group suggested affiliated eggs test fixed scope parts rotate makes likely tests containers protect inside organism clutch hatching eggs arguments association impossible phenomenon laid groups fact nature chains suggest laid organism true chains attributed straight worms organisms recent excavations south_africa yielded alongside wide range organisms suggested organism created present notable absence organisms present ruled variety reasons worms cephalopods remain likely candidates evidence connecting groups best ecology immediately clear mode life occupied shaped fossils answer apparent following lines reasoning fossils restriction marine sediments taken sound evidence organisms seas presents main modes life living sediment benthic dwelling sea floor anchored place free floating water column mode life quickly ruled fossils found alignment current attached fallen water column cast light question whilst cases defensive role making vessel larger predators probable impossible anchored organisms sea floor low density construction makes unlikely plausible acted attach organisms longer spines organisms decreasing number increasing relative importance water possible long hand walls probably thick dense allow float whilst little known interactions organisms small holes tests evidence hosts parasites forms marks caused mineral cylindrical holes chamber flesh organism likely concentrated evidence biological cause daily growth markings found association abundant allow detection seasonal variation abundance peak abundance late autumn months observed different species occurring different dates pattern observed modern day tropical diversity living habits reflected depth water distance shore different species found highest abundance different depths deeper waters shoreline generally optimal environment species appear prefer shallow water abundant turbulent waters reef environments implying regimes alive effect focusing shallower water reverse necessarily true survive freshwater input application recognised named group proven incredibly useful markers periods utility morphological evolution abundance productive samples bearing thousand tests easy identification largely large variation shapes short million years species widely distributed appear variety marine settings making easier better recognised strongly rocks convergence morphological form similar environments leads mistaken identification species areas separated vast differences space time sharing similar environment clearly cause major problems organisms interpreted species aside reliable means units late 1960s detailed study fully potential | Chitinozoan | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
4280_Flatworm | flat worms greek meaning flat root meaning worm relatively simple soft bodied invertebrates unlike having body cavity specialized respiratory organs having flattened shapes allow oxygen nutrients pass bodies digestive cavity opening intake nutrients removal result food processed continuously traditional medicinal texts divided non parasitic animals entirely parasitic groups proven classification free living predators live water shaded humid terrestrial environments leaf litter complex life cycles mature stages live parasites digestive systems fish land intermediate stages secondary hosts eggs main hosts adult generate vast numbers segment like mature release eggs unlike parasitic groups external parasites aquatic animals larvae adult form suitable host internal body regarded primitive stage evolution animals symmetry distinct rear ends analyses mid-1980s separated basal closer original modern groups remaining form group contains descendants common ancestor member group main groups complex analyses concluded excluding consists forming branch traditional regarded wholly parasitic groups descended group half known species parasitic enormous harm humans livestock caused genus second devastating human diseases caused parasites surpassed malaria arises larvae pork penetrate central nervous system major cause acquired worldwide threat parasites humans developed countries rising popularity raw lightly cooked foods imports food high risk areas developed countries people afford fuel required cook food thoroughly poorly designed water supply irrigation projects increase dangers presented poor farming species successfully philippines indonesia hawaii new_guinea guam control populations imported giant african displacing native concern threat native northwest europe concerns spread new_zealand description distinguishing features symmetrical animals left right sides mirror images implies distinct surfaces distinct head tail ends like main cell layers symmetrical cell layers defined particular series unlike internal body cavity described lack specialized respiratory organs facts defining features classifying anatomy bodies soft features common lack respiratory organs limits sizes shapes enable oxygen reach carbon dioxide leave parts bodies simple microscopic large species flat ribbon like leaf like shapes large species branches nutrients parts body surface body makes vulnerable fluid loss environments unlikely sea freshwater moist terrestrial environments leaf litter grains soil parasites animals space skin gut filled tissue cells reinforced fibers act type skeleton providing attachment points muscles contains internal organs allows passage oxygen nutrients waste products consists main types cell fixed cells fluid filled stem cells transform type cell tissues injury reproduction material mouth long species complex branched mouth difficult gut lined single layer cells absorb digest food species break food gut throat animals need concentration dissolved substances body fairly constant level internal parasites free living marine animals live environments high concentrations dissolved material generally let tissues level concentration environment freshwater animals need prevent body despite difference environments use system control concentration body flame cells called beating looks like flame extract water contains material drive networks tube cells lined tube cells drive water exits called materials water needed body right concentration combinations flame cells tube cells called nervous system concentrated head end marked nerve nets like head rings head main nerve running bodies major early classification divided groups classification long recognized artificial proposed correct classification massively split dozen orders joined new order classification presented early traditional classification scientific articles species free living range length predators terrestrial species nocturnal live shaded humid locations leaf litter rotting wood animals crustaceans parasites free living black brown gray larger ones brightly colored traditionally regarded regarded members separate separate genus simple animals reclassified separate simple lined generally feed sweep food particles small prey mouths usually middle extended turned inside mouths different species underside freshwater species open mouth wide body long swallow prey large pigment cup little eyes pair species pairs large species eyes clusters brain mounted spaced uniformly edge body distinguish direction light coming enable animals avoid groups fluid filled chambers containing small solid particle groups thought balance acceleration sensors function perform sensory sense movements positions solid particles unknown hand touch cells scattered bodies especially edges specialized cells pits grooves head probably smell sensors famous ability divided cuts bodies experiments fragments head new head grows quickly closest original head suggests growth head controlled chemical concentration head tail clone transverse longitudinal division especially reproduce vast majority female male reproductive cells eggs internally larger aquatic species mate fencing duel tries loser adopts female role developing eggs species miniature adults emerge eggs hatch large species produce like larvae parasites refers greek hole resemble anchor hosts skin species layer cells shares single external membrane divided groups known called flat shapes like old english species combined second parasites adults usually ring mouth larger midway underside free living means generations complex life cycles seven stages depending combinations environments early stages encounter importantly eggs deposited land water intermediate stages transfer parasites host definitive host adults develop land earliest host juvenile stages usually live land water cases fish second host example adjoining illustration shows life cycle moves fish body flesh moves small land animal eats fish raw generates eggs completing cycle cause devastating tropical disease belong group adults range length individual adult single sex species slender females live enclosed grooves run bodies males partially emerge lay eggs species adults complex reproductive systems produce times eggs free living addition intermediate stages live reproduce adults different species different parts definitive host example lungs large blood vessels liver adults use relatively large muscular cells cell fragments body blood adults stages live external dissolved nutrients host adult live oxygen long periods members small group single divided row cover underside bony fish turtles body marine freshwater eggs produce swimming larvae life cycle hosts parasites attach hosts means bear crescent shaped hooks divided species external parasites require particular host species mainly fish cases amphibians aquatic reptiles internal parasites adult large attachment organs rear greek means catch hooks flattened bodies species digest host skin allowing parasite feed blood cellular debris externally hosts skins based fact parasites generation called flat slender long bodies derived latin word means tape adults species internal parasites mouths skin nutrients mainly host avoid attacks host immune system shortage host diet stunts growth parasites kills generally use simple inefficient chemical processes compensate consuming large amounts food relative size majority species known true neck produces chain segments called process known mature adults humans form chains metres long metres typical male female reproductive organs host gut contains adults species generally worm eggs fully developed separate host life cycle complex varies depending species example adults fish juveniles use crustaceans intermediate hosts release eggs water eggs hatch swimming larvae sheds skin makes way internal cavity main system attached small hooks eaten fish small drills gut adult species humans cats dogs juveniles use example pigs cattle rabbits intermediate hosts release eggs stick grass leaves hatch makes way muscles oval worm millimetres long kept inside definitive host eats infested raw meat intermediate host worm pops gut adult develops members smaller group known produce body shapes like fish turtles classification evolutionary relationships oldest identified parasitic fossils eggs found shark hooks attached represent parasitic simple life cycles oldest known free living specimen fossil preserved amber placed species oldest specimens eggs discovered ancient egyptian distinguishing features animals makes difficult work relationships groups animals relationships different groups described members traditional view 1990s formed sister group include example molecular aims work evolutionary family trees comparing different organisms dna proteins radically changed scientists view evolutionary relationships animals detailed morphological analyses features mid-1980s molecular analyses different sections dna agree consisting traditionally regarded simple small group previously classified sister group including rest study concluded distinct groups agreed closely related etc defined organ originally classified primitive recently reclassified excluding contain main groups generally agreed contains descendants ancestor member group early molecular analyses left combined single group study concluded excluding molecular analyses agree closely related grouping known generally agreed closely related includes worms majority view significant minority researchers regard sister group agreed wholly parasitic groups form larger grouping adults members skins debate combined intermediate group generally agreed sub group levels family tree traditional sub include descendants sub group evolution outline origins parasitic life style proposed feeding fish hosts basal shift free living ancestors evolutionary step change blood common ancestor likely earliest known fossils dated million years ago found interaction humans cause important diseases humans livestock cause losses stocks fish farms known fever second devastating parasitic disease tropical countries malaria carter center estimated million people countries infected disease half victims live africa condition low mortality rate chronic illness damage internal organs growth development children increase risk cancer adults disease caused genus bore human skin people risk use infected bodies water recreation laundry estimated million people infected beef million pork infection digestive system adult causes abdominal symptoms unpleasant life threatening resulting penetration larvae central nervous system major cause acquired worldwide million people infected naturally fish crustaceans pass humans eat raw lightly cooked infection humans broad fish occasionally causes severe cases threat humans developed countries rising result social trends increase organic farming uses sewage artificial spreads parasites directly feed increasing popularity raw lightly cooked foods imports meat vegetables high risk areas underlying cause reduced awareness parasites compared public health issues pollution developed countries inadequate use human night soil fish farm ponds continues spread parasitic poorly designed water supply irrigation projects provided additional channels spread people countries afford cost fuel required cook food thoroughly kill parasites controlling parasites humans livestock difficult species resistant drugs effective mainly killing juveniles meat poorer countries struggle infection cases reported intentional infection desperate rapid weight loss concern northwest europe including british isles new_zealand australian prey thought reached europe containers plants imported botanical gardens benefits hawaii control imported giant african displacing native purpose philippines indonesia new_guinea guam declined sharply hawaii doubts contributed given credit severely reducing places achieving greater success biological pest control programs generally aim low stable population pest species ability different kinds prey resist starvation account ability abilities raised concerns threat native study argentina shows potential reduce populations species experiment showed particular prey species maintain steady predation rate time ability live artificial containers showed potential placing species popular breeding sites reduce borne diseases | Flatworm | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
6641_Gastrotrich | commonly referred group microscopic worm like animals widely distributed abundant freshwater marine environments benthic live layer tiny organisms found beds water bodies majority live particles sediment submerged surfaces species terrestrial live land film water surrounding grains soil divided orders marine species marine freshwater nearly species described simple body plan head region brain sensory organs trunk simple gut reproductive organs anchor substrate feed organic particles muscular marine species producing eggs develop directly miniature adults freshwater species producing eggs species viviparous mature great days etymology taxonomy comes greek meaning stomach meaning hair coined russian zoologist common apparently arises relationship unclear morphology suggests close hand genetic studies place close relatives species described contains single class divided orders report wholly marine rare poorly known species known fresh water comprises marine freshwater species anatomy vary size body length symmetrical transparent shaped bowling pin shaped body arched flattened anterior end clearly defined head contains sense organs brain found mouth ventral surface head body trunk contains gut reproductive organs posterior end body projections cement serve double system agent connection additional anterior end sides body body wall consists cuticle longitudinal circular bands muscle primitive species cell single feature shared ventral surface animal arranged rows patches transverse bands cuticle locally forms scales hooks spines body cavity interior animal filled poorly differentiated tissue shaped cells containing surround gut function skeleton mouth anterior end opens elongated muscular triangular shaped lined cells opens cylindrical lined digestive cells located ventral surface close posterior body species pores opening ventral surface contain allow excess water feeding system consists single pair open separate pores lateral underside animal usually body pairs opening body waste probably body wall believed function mainly unusually form flame cells instead cells consist skirt surrounding series rods turn central cells termed connect single outlet cell passes material typical small animals respiratory organs nervous system relatively simple brain consists connected lead pair nerve run body longitudinal muscle bands primary sensory organs body surface function pits head simple act distribution habitat cosmopolitan distribution inhabit spaces particles marine freshwater environments surfaces aquatic plants submerged objects surface film water surrounding soil particles land found pools mud thrive presence hydrogen pools dry survive periods eggs species capable forming harsh conditions marine sediments known reach individuals cm2 making common sediment freshwater reach density individuals cm2 fifth abundant group invertebrates sediment behaviour ecology marine freshwater environments form benthic community dead living organic material bacteria small mouths muscular action eaten small like microscopic animals primarily powered movement occurs different methods different members group typically proceeds smooth manner body propelled forward rhythmic action ventral surface genus movement proceeds long muscle activated spines forced body contrast typically multiple forward action similar response threat head trunk rapidly pulled backwards movement reversed muscular action important animal turns sideways individuals reproduction lifespan reproduction reproductive behaviour little studied probably represents ancestral lineage primitive simultaneous possessing male female sex organs generally single pair anterior portion contains sperm producing cells posterior portion producing sperm packaged released male open temporarily underside animal roughly thirds way body organ tail collects sperm transfers partner seminal female details process behaviour involved vary species range different reproductive organs male individual uses organ transfer sperm partner internal eggs released body wall repairs case development embryo cell destined specific animal body species viviparous species reproduce entirely species male portions reproductive system non functional cases entirely absent eggs diameter large comparison animals size species capable laying eggs remain dormant times low temperatures species able produce regular eggs hatch days environmental conditions favourable eggs undergo direct development hatch miniature versions adult young typically reach sexual maturity days laboratory lived days producing eggs days life demonstrate species having genetically fixed number cells adults cell division end development growth solely cell classification divided orders number families | Gastrotrich | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
8415_Annelid | latin little ring known worms worms large extant species including species exist adapted marine environments distinct tidal zones fresh water moist terrestrial environments symmetrical organisms textbooks use traditional division marine include like species research radically changed scheme viewing sub group sub group addition previously regarded separate regarded sub groups considered members super includes basic form consists multiple segments segment sets organs pair species use separate segments species poorly defined absent obvious signs species developed blood entirely blood vessels vessels segments near ends species built muscles act hearts species enable change shapes individual segments movement pass body improve effectiveness species incomplete blood main body cavity kind pump wide range techniques species turn inside drag sediment species reproduce use similar mechanisms severe injuries sexual reproduction normal method species reproduction studied minority living reproduction known produce larvae live sink miniature adults produce ring like bodies eggs ready emerge support terrestrial food chains prey regions important soil marine constitute species near shore environments encourages development ecosystems enabling water oxygen penetrate sea floor addition improving soil fertility serve humans food bait scientists observe monitor quality marine fresh water blood letting longer favor doctors species regarded endangered species harvested purpose centuries jaws studied engineers offer exceptional combination strength soft bodied fossils rare jaws tubes species late fossils represent oldest known fossil identified confidence comes million years ago early period fossils modern mobile groups appeared end million years ago disagree body fossils mid million years ago remains earliest fossils group appear period began million years ago classification diversity living species ranging size microscopic australian giant grow metres long research radically changed scientists views evolutionary family tree textbooks use traditional classification following sub groups species suggests multiple hairs segment function limbs organs thought marine animals species live fresh water fewer land species segment organs unique reproductive organ ring shaped pack saddle bodies produces stores eggs hatch eggs provide nutrition sub divided hairs includes sticky pad roof mouth feed wholly partly organic materials means shaped best known members marine species blood parasites mainly fish freshwater species predators ends bodies use like minute live spaces grains marine sediment treated separate class simple body structure regarded groups animals classified ways widely regarded discovered lack recognizable gut difficult classify classified separate recently classified family taxonomic history 19th century assigned members assigned regarded 1940s classified right molecular analysis concluded live mainly parasites past regarded close relatives suggested sub group analysis suggested closely related distinguishing features single feature distinguishes distinctive combination features bodies long segments divided externally shallow ring like called internally points species incomplete cases missing segments contain sets organs sharing common gut system nervous system makes inter dependent bodies covered cuticle outer covering contain cells cells skin underneath tough flexible hand rigid reach size closed systems blood makes entire circuit blood vessels description body consists segments practically identical having sets internal organs external greek meaning hair species sections regarded true segments contain standard sets organs develop way true segments section called greek meaning meaning mouth contains brain sense organs called greek meaning little tail contains generally underside section called greek meaning meaning mouth regarded true segment like segments segments develop time growth zone ahead youngest segment growth zone oldest pattern called growth groups including fixed maximum numbers segments add segments lives derived latin word meaning little ring body wall fibers usually layers spiral alternating directions fibers cross cell deep skin layer marine live tubes lack tubes similar structure protect skins tissue words combination cells non cellular materials layers muscles develop lining body cavity circular muscles segment longer contract longitudinal muscles usually distinct strips segment shorter oblique internal muscles connect underside body hairs project provide traction capabilities simplest form paired near segment limbs bear complex tips example like hooked moderately flexible formed hair forming cell muscles extend produce forming fine hair like extensions increase area available complete withdraw leaving parallel tunnels run length structurally different rigid single internal cavity mounted flexible joints shallow pits cuticle nearly function limbs major groups lack paired extensions body wall muscles derived circular muscles body supported internally large thick tube dwelling ridges tips bear hooked active swimmers divided large upper lower short trunk generally fringed fused gills nervous system senses brain generally forms ring round throat consisting pair local control centers linked nerve pair brains generally segment mobile active brain enlarged complex visible sections rest central nervous system generally ladder like consisting pair nerve run body segment paired linked transverse connection branching system local nerves runs body wall body main nerve fused tube dwelling genus single nerve chord located muscle fiber cell controlled speed power fiber depends combined effects different system controls group muscle fibers longitudinal nerve include giant output signal lines nerve cells large diameter decreases resistance allows transmit signals exceptionally fast enables worms withdraw rapidly danger shortening bodies experiments shown cutting giant prevents escape response affect normal movement sensors primarily single cells detect light chemicals pressure waves contact present head parts body neck organs paired structures found thought combinations little eyes detect direction light coming camera eyes compound eyes probably form images compound eyes probably evolved independently eyes tube worms use widely spread bodies detect shadows fish quickly withdraw tubes tube dwelling tilt balance sensors tell way genera heads feeding antennae structurally similar probably mainly system pair body segment separated segments vertical forms sandwich tissue middle membrane serves lining preceding following segments similar lining pair blood vessels main nerve embedded modified cells words bodies form bases extend form muscle fibers body wall form radial circular muscles circular muscles blood vessels gut parts especially outside gut form cells perform similar functions producing storing fat producing oxygen carrier breaking proteins turning waste products waves expansion sweep body body crawl swim animals enable circular longitudinal muscles change shape individual segments making segment separate fluid filled balloon incomplete semi movements example movements body small marine species means fine muscle powered hairs turn inside penetrate sea floor drag fluid contains cells defend animals parasites species contain respiratory pigment red species green dissolved provide oxygen transport segments respiratory pigment dissolved blood species developed generally blood vessels running long bodies gut upper carrying blood forwards lower carries backwards networks body wall gut transfer blood main blood vessels parts segment need oxygen nutrients major vessels especially upper pump blood contracting forward end upper blood vessel enlarged muscles form heart forward ends vessels connect upper lower main vessels function hearts species poorly developed generally blood vessels rely circulation delivering nutrients oxygen closest relatives body structure uniform group significantly different including members tissue layer body wall thick occupies body widely separated run length body function main blood vessels upper lower lined like unlike blood vessels generally use rear ends like upper surface including skin group belong gills associated segments extensions gills tube usually cluster end stronger water flow feeding feeding structures mouth region vary widely little animals muscular turned inside extend animals foremost segments lack muscles segments contract sharp increase fluid pressure segments quickly families evolved jaws seizing prey biting pieces vegetation dead decaying matter hand predatory jaws selective deposit generally live tubes sea floor use find food particles sediment mouths filter use crowns covered wash food particles mouths non selective deposit soil marine sediments mouths generally sticky pads roofs mouths pads capture prey muscular teeth gut generally straight tube supported vertical segments ends underside members tube dwelling family gut blocked swollen lining houses bacteria worms total weight bacteria convert matter hydrogen carbon dioxide organic matter feeds hosts worms extend gas flows absorb gases needed bacteria blood vessels use remove waste products use systems use stage process fluid waste products extracted filtered absorb usable materials dumping toxic spent materials difference combine stages organ perform second rely mechanisms special filter cells walls blood vessels let small molecules pass fluid points fluid enters forward second stage filter exit opening body wall following segment result segment growth zone structure extracts following segment filter discharge segment contains extraction structure passes second contain structures filter discharge reproduction life cycle reproduction reproduce dividing pieces new individual parent remains complete organism reproduce entirely reproduce summer sexually autumn reproduction dividing pieces seen use similar mechanisms suffering damage genera single segment heads removed complex animals severe damage hand sexual reproduction thought originally animals separate sexes released sperm water eggs develop larvae live later sink sea floor miniature adults head small area round tail piece narrow band immediately growth zone produces new segments rest segment contains mouth living marine animals unknown species known follow pattern use similar external produce yolk rich eggs reduce time needs spend eggs miniature adults emerge larvae rest care eggs hatch producing covered masses eggs tend eggs bodies species keeping eggs bodies hatch species use variety methods sperm transfer example females collect sperm released water males sperm female guarantee representative sample reproductive patterns simply reflects scientists current knowledge breed lives breed continuously breeding seasons remain sex lives significant percentage species change sex lives reproduction studied lack permanent uncertain produce sperm species rear body splits separate individual lives long swim suitable environment usually near surface spawn mature group includes species younger adults function males female maturity developed store partners sperm sperm stores produces collects sperm development eggs takes place eggs transferred produces yolk eggs nutrients developing hatch miniature adults larvae ecological significance book formation vegetable mould action worms presented scientific analysis contributions soil fertility live entirely surface generally moist leaf litter soil oxygen water penetrate surface worms help produce soil mixing organic mineral matter accelerating organic matter making quickly available organisms concentrating minerals converting forms plants use easily important prey birds ranging size mammals ranging cases essential endangered birds terrestrial invasive situations areas north_america example native thought killed glaciers worms currently found areas introduced areas primarily europe recently asia northern hardwood forests especially negatively impacted invasive worms loss leaf soil fertility changes soil chemistry loss ecological diversity especially concern state wisconsin listed prohibited species migrate limited distance annually spread invasive worms increased rapidly worms dirt vehicle tires marine account dwelling animal species coral reefs tidal zones species increase penetration water oxygen sea floor sediment encourages growth populations bacteria small animals alongside blood little direct harm victims transmit dangerous hosts small tube dwelling transmit parasites cause disease fish interaction humans significant contribution soil fertility rear end worm marine tunnels coral order spawn surface people regard spawning find worms effective bait artificial flies worms kept days tin lined damp moss commercially important bait food sources proposals farm order reduce fishing natural populations marine predation causes losses fishery operations scientists study aquatic monitor oxygen content pollution levels fresh marine water accounts use medically dubious blood letting come china india ancient rome later europe 19th century medical demand high areas stocks exhausted regions imposed restrictions exports treated endangered species iucn cites recently assist provided anti compounds important prevents spreading jaws strong lighter hard parts organisms calcium advantages attracted attention engineers investigations showed jaws unusual proteins strongly evolutionary history fossil record soft bodied fossils rare fossil record consists mainly jaws species tubes fossils ways resemble similarities vague fossils classified confidence small fossil million years ago classified authors sea belong earliest fossils widely accepted canada formed million years ago early found australia little older possibly lacks typical features features usually found associated simon conway morris reported million years old concluded oldest known date vigorous debate fossil early million years ago early jaws found crown group appeared date probably appeared somewhat later end million years ago fossils modern mobile groups appeared fossil tubes look like modern tubes clearly produced date million years ago earliest good evidence occurs period began million years ago suggested animals evolved time flowering plants early cretaceous million years ago trace fossil consisting convoluted partly filled small evidence present early period million years ago body fossils going mid million years ago tentatively classified uncertain disputed family tree traditionally divided major groups turn divided include best known members years clear arrangement approximately families higher level groups attempted step terms bringing acceptable level based structures divided species look like great majority divided distinguished having long use feeding live tubes active reinforced internal spines molecular compare similarities differences gene presented different view branch family tree decades regarded separate placed branches tree subsequent molecular analyses similar scale presented similar conclusions colleagues compared genes taxa words considered closely related included indication organisms study placed larger tree life cross check study analysis genes including original taxa analysis agreed branches family tree concluded classification useless members alleged groups scattered family tree derived comparing taxa addition placed generally regarded time separate branch tree concluded sub group sister group accepted analyses based molecular main conclusions scientific consensus details family tree remain uncertain addition writing classification previously independent molecular analyses undermine emphasis decades previous writings placed importance classification invertebrates analyses found parent group completely bodies rear parts bodies appear disappear easily course evolution previously thought study noted ladder like nervous system associated universal previously thought members major animals includes grouped super group animals obvious members genes drive appear close relatives easy assume evolved bodies independently assume ancestral disappeared descendant current view grouped fan like feeding structures larvae members basal distinctive relationships members known regarded members animals hypothesis supported fact group including follow similar pattern egg development cells divide cell stage descendants cells form spiral pattern embryo cells words roles descendants play adult animal predicted early stage development pattern described spiral | Annelid | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
8419_Velodona | species octopus genus described second subspecies discovered named distinctive membranes arms described similar members genera large body large eyes extensive membranes link octopus arms species single line arm head mantle arms covered reproductive habits extensively studied species believed region depth level despite species possessing large eggs extremely large species found indian_ocean coast south_africa species captured depths meters sea level study found species heavily concentrated meters sea level conservation status assessed taxonomy species octopus sole member genus belongs family order species discovered subspecies subspecies originally identified described genus species named distinctive membranes arms latin veil latin gown mantle description described specimen caught male looking similar genus larger membranes differently shaped differently shaped funnel organ specimen sac shaped body large eyes arms folded large membranes animal characteristic pale coloration summarized differences possession funnel organ composed separate pieces bend arm development extensive lateral membranes arms fully convinced shape arm value identifying species curve caused membrane comparing distinctive features known octopus species found similarities species genera considered synonym subfamily considered synonym subfamily found closest southern species having similar funnel organs species specimen head mantle dorsal arms covered varying sizes measured specimen mantle millimeters wide millimeters long specimen head wide mantle dominated large eyes measured millimeters wide millimeters long shaped pupils described arms developed noted dorsal arms longest arms got shorter moved ventral end single line arm described membranes arms detail stating arms bear dorsal ventral membranes ventral margins unusually large extend tip arms restricted ventral surface extend dorsal margin neighboring ventral arms continue tip weakly developed arm contains ink sac tiny contain ink common trait cephalopods live deep water little light subspecies described differs areas considered significant mantle specimen significantly wider long specimens smaller difference width length specimen having mantle identical width length length membrane links octopus arms umbrella shorter specimens additional specimens described specimen noted significant difference specimen specimens noted specimens appeared fully sexually developed looked comparatively owing difference overall size specimens difference specimens ages described coloring specimens deep reddish brown distinctly purple shade males darker brown female reproduction little known reproductive habits study focus high proportion immature females obtained survey low proportion mature females indicate spawning season finishing beginning autumn wide size range sampled population considerable number small individuals possibly days old suggests existence extended reproduction period analyzing eggs captured specimens study found low value females having large eggs males producing low number large largest reported deep sea member despite species deep sea inhabit habitat distribution specimen captured east coast africa depth meters sea level specimens described members separate subspecies caught coast modern coast south_africa depths meters meters according database possibly located waters north located south_africa spanish research vessel conducted study population coast study found populations entire study area ran coast especially high concentrations southern end coast waters near city study performed depth groups meters sea level found depth ranges abundant meters sea level study noted males common shallower groups females common deeper groups status conservation status assessed version | Velodona | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
10791_Entoprocta | means inside aquatic animals ranging millimetres long mature individuals shaped relatively long crown solid generate water currents draw food particles mouth mouth lie inside crown similar outside crown hollow families colonial species marine solitary species slowly species water brood chambers hatch species use like organs developing eggs hatching larvae swim short time settle surface gut mouth face upwards colonial solitary species reproduce solitary species grow clones space release developed colonial ones produce new members corridor like fossils rare earliest specimens identified confidence date late studies onwards regarded members includes study concluded closely related recently fossil ancient bearing originally having identified interpretation questioned considers best interpreted stem group based morphology stem names coined means inside alternative meaning bent curved animals assigned authors use prefer description species colonial members known fully independent animals typically millimetre long range millimetres long distinguishing features like groups crown generate water currents draw food particles mouth different feeding mechanisms internal anatomy undergo adult destroys tissues colonies founder different daughters body mature like structure mounted relatively long stalk surface rim bears crown solid extensions body wall base crown surrounded membrane partially covers mouth lie opposite sides space enclosed crown closed muscles gut shaped curving base form stomach lined membrane consisting single layer cells multiple colonial species arise shared attachment plates network tubes run surface solitary species stalk ends muscular flexible foot cemented surface stalk muscular produces characteristic motion species solitary species muscular foot body wall consists external cuticle consists mainly cross fibers contains single layer cells bears multiple hairs tiny penetrate cuticle colonial species thicker internal fluid filled cavity lined internal organs embedded tissue lies stomach base crown nervous system runs tissue controlled pair nerves run stalk sense organs areas feeding circulation band cells multiple runs sides connecting neighbors gap band nearest separate band grows groove runs close inner base crown narrow extension inner surface sides create current flows crown bases exits center crown pass food particles inner surface inner produce downward current drives particles groove mouth generally use band creates feeding current traps food particles downstream collecting food articles trapped exit past downstream collecting carried bands generate current larvae use downstream collecting use separate set trap food particles addition sticky threads capture large particles non colonial species reported cells resemble fire sticky threads unusual cells lie mouth provide additional means capturing prey stomach lined thought absorb nutrients opens inside crown solid outgoing current filtered food water families raised cone level groove conducts food mouth species pair extract internal eliminate pores near mouth freshwater species multiple stalk absorb oxygen carbon dioxide works small animals reproduction life cycle species simultaneous switch male female mature individuals species remain sex lives individuals pairs placed stomach opening single eggs thought species release eggs hatch larvae brood eggs brood small eggs like organ larvae species larger eggs live stored yolk development egg follows typical pattern cells divide spiral develops specific cell labelled early embryo stage species feeds floating food particles bands round equator sweep food mouth uses drive stomach uses expel remains species genera produces separate form new individuals produce sensory pair pigment cup little eyes pair large bearing foot settling foot frontal attach surface larvae species undergo complex internal organs rotate mouth point upwards species produce clones colonial species produce new form large colonies way solitary species clones form floor released organs developed taxonomy consists recognized species grouped families evolutionary history fossil record small soft bodied fossils extremely rare provided description animal stalk found canada formed million years ago morris regarded animal earliest known mouth lay inside ring structures noted structures flat stiff modern flexible round cross section concluded typical rounded flexible fossils showed features clearly resembled opinion earliest fossil specimens found late rocks england resemble modern colonial genus ways including upright linked network surface colony attached straight joined transverse bands overall size proportions similar modern species species described larger extant reaching height unlike modern species armored scale like structures similar lifestyle modern identified fossils found million year old rocks southern china places early period explosion family tree discovered nineteenth century regarded classes groups animals filter fed means crown bore onwards increasing awareness differences including position inside feeding structure difference early pattern division cells embryos caused scientists regard groups separate alternative outside feeding organ studies team argue sinking class currently identified consensus studies onwards members united having basic form type include scientists disagree closely related analysis introduced meaning term group closest relatives ecology distribution habitats species great majority marine species live freshwater reported central thailand found continents antarctica colonial species found oceans living rocks shells algae underwater buildings solitary species marine live animals feed producing water currents interaction organisms species sea particularly genus prey small colonies freshwater found living aquatic larvae gain means dispersal protection predators possibly source water rich oxygen nutrients colonies live gills flies non colonial prefers live attached colonies mainly edges colonies chimneys gaps large colonies expel water food observation suggests benefit association water flow needs feeding longer help capture different food caught animals compete food small little studied difficult determine specimen belongs species occurs area possibly result human activities | Entoprocta | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
11682_Mollusca | compose large animals known extant species recognized largest marine comprising named marine organisms numerous live freshwater terrestrial habitats highly diverse size structure behaviour habitat typically divided taxonomic classes entirely extinct squid octopus advanced invertebrates giant squid squid largest known species far numerous terms classified species account total scientific study called universal features defining modern mantle significant cavity breathing presence structure nervous system things express great morphological diversity textbooks base descriptions hypothetical ancestral image single like shell proteins reinforced calcium mantle covering upper surface underside animal consists single muscular foot tends small main body cavity blood systems mainly open feeding system consists tongue complex digestive system microscopic muscle powered hairs called play important roles paired nerve brain species eyes sensors detect chemicals vibrations touch simplest type reproductive system relies external complex variations occur produce eggs emerge larvae complex larvae miniature adults good evidence exists appearance cephalopods period million years ago evolutionary history emergence ancestral known living fossil forms subjects vigorous debate scientists important food source modern humans risk food poisoning accumulate certain conditions countries regulations reduce risk centuries source important luxury goods notably mother pearl purple sea silk shells money societies species represent hazards human activities bite blue octopus fatal octopus causes month species large tropical cone shells kill sophisticated easily produced important tools research known fever transmitted humans water hosts affects million people agricultural accidental deliberate introduction species new environments seriously damaged ecosystems etymology words derived french originated latin soft adaptation aristotle soft things applied denote division animal kingdom containing members groups having supposed somewhat resemble known groups relation little abandoned definition universal features body structure mantle significant cavity breathing organization nervous system abundant metallic element calcium developed varied range body structures difficult find defining characteristics apply modern groups general characteristic symmetrical following present modern dorsal body wall mantle plates shells overlaps body spare room form mantle cavity open mantle cavity pairs main nerve characteristics commonly appear textbooks significant exceptions diversity estimates accepted described living species vary maximum species estimated probable total number living fresh water terrestrial comprise total classes living estimated number described living species estimated named species include named marine organisms second numbers living animal species far ahead living species total estimated fossil species total number species existed preserved times greater number alive today varied forms animal include cephalopods lesser known similarly distinctive majority species live oceans zone form significant freshwater fauna terrestrial ecosystems extremely diverse tropical temperate regions found latitudes known species squid advanced invertebrates giant squid recently observed alive adult form largest invertebrates recently caught specimen squid long weighing overtaken freshwater terrestrial appear exceptionally vulnerable extinction estimates numbers vary widely partly regions thoroughly surveyed shortage specialists identify animals area species iucn red list threatened species included nearly endangered comparison great majority species marine appeared red list recorded year consisting entirely species great range diversity textbooks start subject anatomy describing called hypothetical hypothetical ancestral illustrate common features found species reproduce like sea star depiction similar modern suggest resemble early symmetrical single like shell shell mantle covering upper surface underside consists single muscular foot mass soft region contains body organs mantle mantle cavity mantle cavity fold mantle significant space lined exposed according habitat sea fresh water air cavity rear earliest position varies group group pair chemical sensors incoming lane pair gills exit openings reproductive organs mantle cavity soft body lies enlarged mantle cavity shell mantle edge shell absent number taxonomic groups consists mainly protein hardened calcium layer cases use construct hard parts questionable exception shells composed mainly lay eggs hard shell use traces construct shell consists layers outer layer organic matter middle layer inner layer consisting foot underside consists muscular foot adapted different purposes different classes foot carries pair act balance sensors aid movement forms having shell foot acts animal hard surface vertical muscles clamp shell vertical muscles pull foot exposed soft parts shell foot adapted sediment cephalopods jet propulsion arms derived foot system systems mainly open reduced fairly small spaces heart main body cavity blood fluid internal organs spaces act efficient skeleton blood contains respiratory pigment oxygen carrier heart consists pairs receive blood gills pump pumps main fairly short opens heart function system waste products blood dumping pair little rear connected extracts usable materials additional waste products tubes discharge mantle cavity pair gills gill generally gills like feathers shape species gills divide mantle cavity water enters near exits near kinds drives water current mantle cavity help gills clean detect chemicals possibly sediment entering mantle cavity gills stop beating ceased gill incoming blood vessel connected outgoing heart eating members family use function muscular mouths bearing rows teeth replaced rear wear primarily functions bacteria algae rocks associated supporting organ unique equivalent animal mouths contain food sticks beating tiny hairs drive stomach forms long string called food string tapered rear end stomach projecting slightly backward pointing cone rotated acts winding string string reaches stomach makes sticky particles particles group send smaller particles mainly minerals eventually larger ones mainly food sent stomach exit process means perfect periodically circular muscles entrance pinch piece preventing growing large mantle cavity swept outgoing lane current created gills usually simpler digestive systems head largely disappeared mouth equipped mouth collect nervous system pairs main nerve organized number paired serving internal organs pedal ones serving foot pairs corresponding sides body linked relatively large nerves gut cerebral located pedal control foot cerebral surround nerve ring nerve collar ring obvious important pairs cerebral pedal largest important functioning principal center thinking eyes edges shells connect pair looped nerves provide ability distinguish light shadow reproduction simplest reproductive system relies external complex variations produce eggs emerge larvae complex larvae miniature adults sit small cavity surrounds heart shed sperm extract mantle cavity use system remain sex lives rely external use internal functioning sexes methods require complex reproductive systems basic feeds floating food particles bands equator sweep food mouth uses drive stomach uses expel remains new tissue grows bands interior pushed apart animal grows stage succeeded stage band nearest develops veil pair bearing eventually adult form usual state cephalopods differ exhibiting direct development form adult ecology feeding grazing algae filter grazing feeding strategies predominant feed microscopic algae sea floor feed plants plant surface employ strategy plant large sit smaller plants eaten larger counterparts filter feed suspended matter food particle water typically passing water gills filter cephalopods primarily predatory takes secondary role jaws food acquisition uses usual fashion diet includes sea suck algae row pierce cell walls feed feed extensive list unusual feeding habits available appendix graham classification opinions vary number classes example table shows living classes extinct ones unlikely form clade older works combine class commonly recognized classes known fossils classification higher taxa groups remains problematic phylogenetic study suggests form clade additionally suggests sister taxon relationship exists evolution fossil record good evidence exists appearance cephalopods period million years ago evolutionary history emergence ancestral group known living fossil forms vigorously debated debate occurs early fossils million years ago described like unwilling probable debate million years ago centers feeding apparatus type similar worms opposes idea written earlier million years ago fragments genuinely like appears concept ancestral appear million years ago early rocks siberia china thought early like shells shelled earliest fossils millimeters long specimens centimeters long found like shapes tiny specimens suggested juveniles larger ones adults analyses concluded earliest scientists convinced early fossils clear signs identifies modern twists internal organs lies head fossils million years ago long thought discoveries detailed fossils showed shell built grains mineral dioxide divided series compartments fossil shelled cephalopods living classification uncertain late fossil thought earliest clearly fossil shell strand tissue uses remove water compartments vacated grows visible fossil shells early cephalopods instead swimming shells contained ballast deposits thought underside stripes thought upper surface cephalopods external shells extinct end cretaceous period million years ago shell squid octopus abundant today early fossils regarded modern looking appeared period million years ago group major reef builders cretaceous extinct cretaceous extinction event remain abundant diverse class extinct animals shell authors suggest deserve comment position tree life phylogeny phylogeny evolutionary family tree controversial subject addition debates closely related debates arise relationships classes living fact groups traditionally classified distinct related generally regarded members group defined having larvae case living feeding structure called members worms seven marine right phylogeny presented relationships members family tree uncertain difficult identify features inherited common ancestor example uncertain ancestral composed repeating units suggest origin like worm scientists disagree colleagues concluded repetition gills foot muscles later developments concluded ancestral foot shell particular branch family tree shell thought evolved small spines difficult reconcile origins shell appears originated coating eventually cuticle forced development sophisticated respiratory apparatus form gills eventually cuticle genetic machinery skeletons shell certainly reinforced mineral evolutionary relationships debated widely supported morphological analyses tend recover clade receives support molecular analyses results lead unexpected instance scattering groups analysis morphological molecular comparisons concluded particular separate unrelated remaining classes traditional excluded analysis recovered traditional groups showed demonstrating available data contaminated current molecular data insufficient phylogeny methods determine confidence prone risky place emphasis areas different studies agree eliminating unlikely relationships latest studies add new internal relationships bringing hypothesis question human interaction source food humans important luxury goods notably mother pearl purple sea silk chemical compounds shells form currency societies number species bite sting humans agricultural uses humans especially important food source advent modern humans resulted commonly eaten include china accounted global catch tonnes long tons short tons europe france remained industry leader countries regulate handling mainly minimize poison risk accumulate animals shells produce shells lined valuable best natural produced marine pearl live tropical subtropical waters pacific_ocean natural form small foreign object gets stuck mantle shell methods insert seeds seed method uses grains ground shell freshwater purpose endangered freshwater species southeastern usa pearl industry important areas significant sums money spent monitoring health farmed luxury high status products purple ink shells weight silver fourth century according discovery large numbers shells crete suggests pioneered extraction imperial purple period 20th 18th centuries centuries sea silk fine rare valuable fabric produced long silky threads particularly attach sea bed writing persian wars circa stated hereditary governors armenia received insignia roman emperor given apparently ruling classes allowed wear shells including kind money shell money societies generally differed important ways standardized government backed money familiar industrial societies shell commercial transactions mainly social status displays important occasions weddings commercial transactions functioned money value differed place place result difficulties transport vulnerable inflation efficient transport behavior appeared monitor health aquatic environments fresh water marine environments population status structure physiology behaviour level contamination elements compounds indicate state contamination status ecosystem particularly useful representative environment sampled placed typical project today worldwide bites risk food poisoning accumulate occurs certain conditions countries regulations aim minimize risk blue octopus bites fatal bite cause unpleasant symptoms species large tropical cone shells kill sophisticated cone important tools research promise sources new handled alive species sting bite species present risk human handling animal perspective deaths number deaths species pose significant threat humans blue genus live australia new_guinea bite humans severely provoked venom kills human victims tropical species octopus causes severe month treated correctly bite octopus cause lasts longer month weakness week treated species cone sting handled species small pose risk humans feed marine invertebrates case larger species fish venom based huge array fast acting slower afford require time energy produced compared snakes spiders painful reported fatalities reported fatalities larger species cone capture kill fish likely seriously dangerous humans effects individual cone shell victims nervous systems precise useful tools research small size molecules makes easy traditional belief giant trap leg person causing drowning myth parasites known fever transmitted humans water hosts affects million people species agricultural addition accidental deliberate introduction species new territory resulted damage natural ecosystems disease caused worm second malaria devastating parasitic disease tropical countries estimated million people countries infected disease million africa parasite known species humans parasite species freshwater intermediate hosts species particularly certain crop introduced new environments local ecosystems pest giant african introduced parts asia islands 1990s species reached west_indies attempts control introducing predatory proved disastrous predator ignored went native species instead despite viral disease unrelated | Mollusca | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
12785_Chlamyshastata | spear swimming species family found west coast north_america san_diego california limited number harvested divers narrow west coast canada lives zone low tide mark depth metres soft sediment rock particularly areas strong current filter microscopic algae water passes gills preyed sea detect predators smell sight swim away opening closing organisms grow exterior shell forms relationship grows upper valve helps protect predators etymology scientific derived latin word greek short cape wool worn soldier meaning spear like latin spear description shell slightly shaped like fan able grow height centimetres normal adult size centimetres shell composed convex small number broad ribs covered blunt spines rounded near fine background colour white radial bands pale purple right valve usually underneath paler left annual growth rings visible concentric bands different irregular shell flaps anterior normally larger provides attachment single strong muscle closes shell long little ridges grooves known teeth function prevent moving sideways regard shells large cardinal teeth immediately instead lateral teeth lying lining inside mantle membrane covers gut internal organs seen round margins thick layer like sandwich filling fringed numerous short row tiny simple eyes close animal usually lies right valve exposed left valve colonial growing distinguished close relative pacific pink rounded small curved spines ribs rough texture pacific pink feels smooth glossy white interior shell near present pacific pink distribution habitat occurs naturally west coast north_america range extends san_diego southern california found areas sand gravel crushed shell depth metres known meadows rocky shores locations high currents biology anchors substrate threads unclear purpose serve help orient regard current optimal feeding possibility angle ready quick easily broken starts swim filter mantle separating passes water gills action large process litres water hour weight water gills moved mouth grooves pair mouth rejected particles formed wrapped ejected mantle cavity intervals rapid raised level diet found increase development time storage main muscle depleted energy transferred parted feeding edge mantle longer ones sensitive cells tip taste water allow react appropriately example smell taking action shorter ones forming ring way round edge mantle simple eyes tips eye contains lens concave spherical mirror eyes objects detect difference light darkness enabling snapped shut large threatening object nearby able detect size speed particles moving past current enabling open wide feed conditions suitable individuals male female mature years old usually live years breeding takes place summer released water column external larvae begin develop eggs days drift days growing maximum valve length inch larvae broad compound near mouth feeding organ bands running simple eyes rudimentary gills start developing 25th day foot visible 15th day projecting end foot develops 28th day crawling foot takes place 40th day course hours internal organs undergo rotation appear gills swimming benthic juvenile ecology animals feed include particularly star star sea swim escape predators repeatedly opening shutting action time close water expelled gap mantle dorsal animal moves margin form jet propulsion mantle margins detect approach enable action responds way predators feed genus usually relationship grows left valve orange purple brown provides camouflage deter predators attacking produce tend makes difficult strong grip tube feet needs force apart benefits fact living prevents buried sediment wild found grow larger size areas high laboratory study showed conditions sediment frequently stirred shells died living shells flourished study showed growth rates heavily significantly lower ones organisms grow shell boring parasitic species makes holes millimetres diameter valve common living surface valve include tube worms survey undertaken washington depth metres right valve heavily left clad left common tube worms encountered tubes worms organisms living dead tubes lower left valve equally able force open normally animals unable evade predators attached benefit defence response threats enables avoid predation presence reduce ability swim found chemicals discourage larvae settling nearby larvae settle shells way advantage ability swim fishery harvesting fishing west coast canada previous commercial fishery discontinued methods diving small maximum width metres minimum size limits set height shells millimetres millimetres pink framework research document published fisheries recommendations development dive fisheries | Chlamys hastata | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
13869_Scleractinia | called hard marine animals live build hard skeleton individual animals known cylindrical body crowned oral disc mouth fringe species solitary colonial founding starts calcium protect soft body solitary colonial species usually millimetres diameter reproduce remain attached forming multi colony common skeleton metres diameter height according species shape appearance coral colony depends species location depth water movement factors shallow water contain organisms known tissues colour coral vary depending species contains closely related sea like armed cells known reproduce sexually species release sea takes place larvae drift species brood eggs reproduction colony detached occur world oceans colonial form reef structures found shallow waters sunlight solitary colonial form reefs occur depths light reaches appeared relationship currently unresolved framework modern coral reefs formed numbers expected decline effects global warming ocean anatomy solitary colonial colonies reach considerable size consisting large number individual soft parts members class like members group stage life cycle individual animals known cylindrical body crowned oral disc surrounded ring base material coral skeleton formed body wall consists layers mouth centre oral disc leads tubular descends distance body opening cavity fills interior body unlike cavity subdivided number thin sheets living tissue known located cavity walls retractable cup sits pulled sheet like muscles connected horizontal sheets tissue known extending outer surface skeleton completely covering sheets continuous body wall include extensions cavity food water different members colony colonial species repeated division causes forming colonies cases exist adjacent colonies species form single colony colonial species small ranging diameter solitary species large skeleton skeleton individual known lower body initially forms cup surrounding interior cup contains aligned plates projecting upwards base plates flanked pair added order result different ages adjacent symmetry skeleton radial pattern termed contrast fossil adjacent lie order increasing age pattern termed serial produces symmetry inserted modern skeletons composed calcium form crystals prehistoric non skeletal structure composed structure simple compound light solid case prehistoric order distinguished pattern growth colonial growth results new types new develops oral disc inside ring form individual separate row partially separated sharing oral disc series mouths grow margin elongated oral disc individual mouths surrounded single wall case brain results separate wall case lateral form basis trunk branches rate coral colony lays calcium depends species branching species increase height length year rate human hair grows like dome plate species grow year rate deposition varies examination cross sections coral bands deposition indicating annual growth like tree rings estimate age coral solitary gradually increase size deposit calcium produce new large example normally single mouth long thousand distribution occur world oceans main ecological groups colonial tend live clear shallow tropical waters world primary reef builders colonial solitary found regions ocean build reefs live tropical waters inhabit temperate seas polar waters live great depths zone ecology fall main categories reef forming contain non reef forming contain reef forming cells usually known million cells square coral tissue benefit organic compounds produce food oxygen additional energy derived produced enable grow rate times faster similar species typically grow shallow lit warm water moderate abundant oxygen prefer firm non muddy surfaces settle extend feed larger larger prey including invertebrates small fish addition capturing prey way produce films bodies trap small organic particles pulled mouth primary method feeding reduced absent example caribbean generally nocturnal skeletons day exposure light species feed day night non usually reef found beneath water thrive colder temperatures live total darkness energy capture suspended organic particles growth rates species non significantly slower counterparts typical structure susceptible mechanical damage life cycle great range reproductive strategies reproduce sexually species separate sexes colony male female individual having male female species brood eggs species sexual reproduction results production free swimming eventually undergo colonial species initial repeatedly divides rise entire colony reproduction common means reproduction colonial pieces branching detached storms strong water movement mechanical means fragments fall sea bed suitable conditions capable substrate starting new colonies massive shown capable forming new colonies process reef hobby increase stock necessity harvest wild adverse conditions certain species coral resort type reproduction form bail allow survive parent colony dies involves growth seal detachment settlement initiate new colonies species small balls tissue differentiate start calcium form new colonies eggs develop viable larvae sexual reproduction overwhelming majority taxa adult colonies temperate regions usual pattern synchronized release eggs sperm water brief spawning events related phases moon tropical regions reproduction occur year cases genus eggs sperm released rise surface increases concentration sperm eggs likelihood reduces risk self immediately spawning eggs delayed capability release polar bodies delay possibly degree self likely increases chance cross study species found cross actually dominant mating pattern species capable self varying evolutionary history little evidence base hypothesis origin plenty known modern species little fossil specimens appeared record million years ago million years later important reef builders success result teaming algae sub orders existence end appeared million years ago appearing middle cretaceous million years ago developed common ancestor like coral skeleton coral coral unlikely common ancestor skeletons arranged similarities common non ancestor early alternatively developed like ancestor associated development reef formation occurred occasion dna appears indicate group earliest reef builders small solitary individuals probably greatest diversity disappeared mass extinction event end cretaceous genera surviving recently discovered skeletons features characterize strengthened hypothesis independent origin early open question phenomenon evolved independently numerous occasions genera different families non members classification taxonomy particularly challenging species described advent diving little authors coral species varying different habitats collectors limited observing reef flats unable observe changes morphology occurred deeper water conditions nominal species described era rules nomenclature given described species precedence rest description poor environment country type specimen unknown concept species suspect regard large geographical ranges number sub populations geographic boundaries merge species morphological boundaries merge species definite species subspecies evolutionary relationships examined 19th early 20th centuries advanced 19th century classifications complex skeletal characters classification french based skeletal characters scheme developed observations skeletal particular attention structure pattern american wells patterns divide group addition considered features growth distinguished families wall type type classification french zoologist built earlier systems included observations involve characters recognized stressed importance observations proposing begin skeletal growth centers genetically derived diverse patterns centers vital classification later showed established morphological classifications examples evolution fossils recent taxa rise molecular techniques end 20th century prompted new evolutionary different ones founded skeletal data results molecular studies explained variety aspects evolutionary biology including connections extant taxa supplied support extant founded fossil record analysis mitochondrial undertaken american found molecular data supported assembling species existing families traditional example genera affiliated different located branch phylogenetic tree addition distinguishing morphological character separates molecular differences australian zoologist workers analyzed obtain similar results concluding traditional families plausible incorrect established including descendants common ancestor divided groups robust complex suggested morphological molecular systems future classification schemes families lists following families included order | Scleractinia | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
14724_Brachiopod | marine animals hard shells upper lower surfaces unlike left right arrangement rear end opened feeding closed protection major groups recognized articulate articulate toothed simple opening closing muscles complex system muscles halves aligned typical stalk like projects opening near known valve keeping animal anchored clear opening word formed ancient greek words arm foot known lamp shells curved shells class look like pottery oil lamps range thirty years sperm float main exit mantle cavity larvae miniature adults enable larvae feed swim months animals heavy settle larvae articulate species resemble adults look like yolk remain days leaving water column addition traditional classification articulate approaches appeared 1990s approach groups articulate use material mineral layers shell approach makes group outer organic layer different believe premature suggest higher levels classification order recommend approach identifies genera groups intermediate groups traditionally regarded members sister group includes type analysis evolutionary relationships placed type split placing suggested evolved ancestor similar like animal chain mail shell rear end thought ancestral converted shells pair folding rear body new fossils found showed chain mail formed tube animal resembled close relatives bore symmetrical plates early form fossil extant taxa appeared early periods respectively arisen extinct severe mass peak era abundant filter reef builders occupied ecological including swimming jet propulsion style fossils useful climate changes extinction event recovered diversity study concluded especially vulnerable extinction built hard parts calcium low rates weak respiratory systems thought went decline extinction competed study found species increased modern times increasing faster extinction time diverse live sea species avoid locations strong currents waves larvae articulate species settle quickly form dense populations defined areas larvae species swim month wide ranges live mainly cold water low light fish crustaceans find flesh seldom attack commercially small scale species measure environmental conditions oil terminal built russia shore description shells mechanisms modern range millimetres long species millimetres largest known reaching centimetres width occurred upper shell sections cover dorsal ventral surface animal unlike shells cover lateral surfaces termed valve bears inner surface arms gets support feeding valve inner surface attachment stalk like attach substrate called dorsal upper ventral lower regard terms dorsal ventral irrelevant believe ventral valve formed folding upper surface body valve typically larger articulate species convex surfaces bearing growth lines ornamentation similar size shape articulate tooth arrangement locking lateral displacement matching teeth held muscles muscles set inside valve close pulling valve ahead muscles quick fibers close catch fibers slower closed long periods articulate open means muscles known lie rear pull valve use different opening mechanism muscles reduce length main body cavity pushing apart classes open angle complex set muscles employed operate mechanism use valve consists layers outer organic compounds layers articulated proteins primary layer form calcium mixture proteins shells similar sequence layers composition different articulated varies classes matrix long materials embedded containing calcium primary layer complex mixture layer containing proteins cement directly hard surfaces layers shells grow new material added margin new material added posterior region shell anterior direction growing shell mantle mantle lines shell internal organs body occupies internal space inside shell nearest rest space lined mantle extensions water filled space sits extends lobe network canals carry nutrients edges mantle relatively new cells groove edges mantle material extends cells gradually displaced underside mantle recent cells groove switch material shell words edge valve extended reinforced extension layers species edge mantle bears called help defend animals act sensors groups help channel flow water mantle cavity hollow extensions mantle penetrate layers function uncertain suggested storage chambers chemicals deter organisms stick shell help experiments oxygen consumption drops petroleum shell like crown fine hairs create water current enables filter food particles water ring mounted single retracted stalk basic form shaped forming arms gets non retractable occupy thirds internal space area opened provide capacity restricted space larger folded moderately complex shapes loops common species resemble hand fingers species supported skeleton words pressure internal fluid fluid extends articulate support attached inside valve bear fine mobile hairs edges center beating outer drives water current tips bases exits food particles trapped middle drive mixture base groove runs round bases pass food groove mouth method known upstream collecting food particles captured enter field creates feeding current method related use similar looking crown solid flow runs bases tips forming downstream collecting system catches food particles exit attachment substrate modern species attach hard surfaces means cylindrical stalk extension body wall cuticle non cellular skin opening genera articulate cement rear valve surface slightly inclined away surface articulate genera adults grow finally lie loosely surface genera shells shaped opening kept free sediment species extensions main houses internal organs layer longitudinal muscles lines members order long use soft raise shell opening feed shell disturbed moves body thirds remaining occupied end builds concrete anchor order short attach hard surfaces articulate constructed different body core composed tissue muscles rear body bend rotate far end generally extensions short attach hard surfaces articulate genus use branched anchor sediment emerges valve notch species valve longer hole valve doubles touch valve species stand end upwards lie horizontal valve functional opening feeding water flow enters sides open exits animal entrance exit channels formed groups function funnels entry exit channels organized shape captures food particles especially tiny organisms deliver mouth grooves bases mouth base food passes mouth muscular throat lined cells digestive stomach wall branched food mainly cells nutrients transported including mantle produced broken eliminated mantle dissolved sign perform phase process appear sperm majority food consumed little solid waste produced change direction isolated particles matter animal encounters larger matter lining entry channels pause contact apart form large gaps slowly use dump lining mantle wash opening snap sharply creates digestive tract shaped ends body wall articulate curved gut ends animals bundle solid waste periodically sharp gut muscles circulation mantle surfaces absorb oxygen eliminate carbon dioxide oxygen distributed fluid circulated mantle driven lining beating species oxygen partly carried respiratory pigment transported cells maximum oxygen consumption low minimum requirement blood circulated muscular heart lying dorsal body stomach blood passes vessels extend body branch organs including gut muscles rear blood circulation completely closed fluid blood mix degree main function blood deliver nutrients nervous system senses brain adult consists adult lower join nerves run mantle muscles operate edge mantle probably greatest concentration sensors directly connected sensory mantle probably send signals mantle close shadows appear cells responsible unknown detect changes animals position reproduction life cycle range years adults species sex lives masses developing sperm species valve lie channels mantle lie near gut float main exit mantle cavity open mouth species release sperm water females species embryos brood chambers larvae hatch cell division embryo radial cells form rings directly cells separate adjoining type tissue cell develops controlled interactions adjacent cells cell animals develop mouth deepening surface early embryo closes mouth develop new openings larvae swim months like miniature adults mantle mantle cavity small feeding swimming shell heavier juvenile adult larvae articulate species live yolk remain days type lobe body rear lobe mantle like skirt rear adult surface lobe develops organs mantle rolls lobe starts shell cold seas growth seasonal animals lose weight winter variations growth form growth lines shells members genera survived year food taxonomy history fossils great diversity morphology shells modern genera diversity provide soft bodied characteristics fossils extant species limitations difficult produce comprehensive classification based morphology experienced significant evolution recent group lost characteristic seen intermediate group characteristic seen older group believe premature define higher levels classification order recommend instead approach identifies genera groups intermediate groups believe patterns characteristics sufficiently stable higher level classifications worthwhile different views higher level classifications traditional classification defined approaches established 1990s traditional classification toothed held muscles classification devised 1990s based materials shells based united articulate shells combined shells calcium scheme 1990s places separate group grouped living species recognized grouped genera great majority modern excluding modern classification genetic analysis performed extended understanding relationship different organisms clear belong earlier included worms called adult morphology different sequence indicates worms closest relatives articulate weight evidence inconclusive exact relations consequently suggested included worms class named addition contains class subdivided orders ecology distribution habitat live sea species avoid locations strong currents waves typical sites include rocky caves steep slopes continental shelves deep ocean floors articulate species attach exceptionally sheltered sites zones smallest living millimetre long lives gravel excluding larvae consume settle develop quickly specific areas form dense populations reach thousands meter young adults attach shells mature ones hand swim month settling wide ranges members genus cosmopolitan distribution interactions organisms rates tenth abundant warm shallow seas cretaceous period live mainly cold low light conditions shells occasionally evidence damage predators subsequent repair fish crustaceans find flesh fossil record shows drilling predators like attacked times suggesting predators attacked mistake prey scarce waters food scarce steals food tube worms commercially small scale seldom settle artificial surfaces probably vulnerable pollution population useful measure environmental conditions oil terminal built russia shore evolutionary history fossil record fossil species recognized grouped genera largest modern millimetres long fossils measure millimetres wide earliest confirmed found early forms appearing followed soon articulate forms species found apparently represent distinct groups evolved ancestors called living fossil similar genera found way hand articulate produced major suffered severe mass articulate diverse present day groups appeared start respectively proposed hypothesis development adapted colleagues hypothesis earliest evolution fold hypothesis suggests evolved ancestor similar like animal chain mail shell rear end hypothesis proposes converted shells pair folding rear body fossils onwards supported new interpretation early new hypothesis evolved armor mail known assembled form generally assumed like animals similar armor compounds fossils new showed assembled mail coat formed tube indicate animal like tube resembled animals feed regarded close relatives sub group assembled fossil found described symmetrical plates like fully animal body peak abundant filter reef builders occupied ecological including swimming jet propulsion style extinction event informally known great dying recovered diversity thought actually decline diversity way competed produced statistical analysis concluded increased way modern times increased faster extinction moderately severe devastating time diverse diversity increased low base evidence competed short term increases decreases groups appeared times concluded groups vulnerable extinction hard parts calcium low rates weak respiratory systems fossils useful climate changes era global temperatures low large difference temperatures equator poles created different collections fossils different latitudes hand warmer periods created smaller difference temperatures seas low middle latitudes species evolutionary family tree 1940s 1990s family trees based morphological features placed sister group super includes closer examination found difficulties grounds affiliated radial earliest divisions egg appears original condition ancestral earliest possibly earliest major sub group radial imply affiliated traditional view form different process called respectively research early 1990s found significant exceptions types construction appear imply terms originally defined distinct ways forming mouth depression appears early stage embryo forming mouth process like typical forming mouth like process imply affiliated nielsen views closely related affiliated driven cell regards multiple cell probably closely related evidence latest common ancestor latest common ancestor fed means onwards analyses based molecular phylogeny compares features similarities dna placed super includes super members include conclusion unanimous molecular phylogeny studies use wide selection genes genes mitochondrial protein genes single nuclear protein genes sets nuclear protein genes combined studies molecular morphological data support concluded relationship feed surfaces build layered tubes possibly mixed particles material traditionally regarded separate increasingly detailed molecular phylogeny studies concluded sub group analysis concluded sub group molecular phylogeny studies half combined studies conclude identify closest relatives sub group analyses found closest relatives authors found surprising spiral early stages cell division form radial shows sign having evolved study concluded closely related casting doubt idea clade feeding animals gallery | Brachiopod | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
15805_Kerryslug | spotted scientific rare species medium sized large air breathing land terrestrial family adult generally measures length dark grey brownish colour yellowish spots internal anatomy shows unusual features characteristic differences genus type genus family described late compared relatively large land form fauna british isles indication rarity secretive habits distribution species include wild habitats southwestern ireland species widespread north west spain central northern portugal found ireland spain species appears require environments high humidity acidic soil soil calcium nocturnal ireland active overcast days feeds fungi grow tree rare species officially protected conservation laws countries occurs survival nonetheless threatened lives completely wild habitat particular type acidic woodlands support species lower plants relies food habitat type risk number different factors ranging climate change construction roads attempts establish breeding populations captivity help ensure survival species limited success taxonomy including live live freshwater live land land air clade means primitive eyes eye spots carried tips upper despite superficial similarities land family round backed keel contrast land family shares numerous internal features species genera family including typical family scientific genus literally means earth specific means spotted latin word spot english language vernacular common derived county southwest ireland species collected type locality mentioned original description scientific species written genus contains nominate subgenus subgenus second subgenus subgenus contains species subgenus includes species species originally described named specimens collected ireland irish naturalist named sent material found lake county irish naturalist introduced science new species included molecular phylogenetic studies description body length adult species difficult measure accurately unusual response section entitled behaviour official measurements species vary example range measurements species body fixed preserved adult specimen long mantle length body glossy covered left right sides longitudinal rows small outlines like usually dark grey colour indistinct darker bands body bands band summit band body bands present usually extend length body numerous somewhat oval yellowish spots yellow spots distributed longitudinal zones animal head shield shield shaped outer surface mantle length body actively crawling extended half contracted shield rounded pointed texture surface area resembles underside leather spotted pale buff whitish spots similar body uniformly distributed foot fringe band tissue edge foot distinctly separated pale somewhat expanded indistinct lines sole underside foot pale grayish yellow colour divided indistinct bands mid area somewhat darker transparent bands caudal pit situated foot body upper surface tip tail pit collects extra conspicuous triangular shape opens pit carries transparent yellowish ball upper black grey short thick oval ends usual eye spots tips opening lies right eye lower pale translucent grey skin usually pale yellow varies degree crawling usually yellowish having mixed body internal anatomy shell land mantle remnants evolutionary past larger external shell remnant takes form small internal shell thin plate collection species internal shell shell plate resembles found land genus words shell plate species oval shape solid transparent base shell plate usually somewhat convex concave beneath indistinct concentric lines growth covered thin transparent protein layer nucleus oldest growth situated near young shell thin convex abruptly cut extremely thin layer projects contains minute shell plate drawn differently authors solid plate organ systems system closely related heart surrounded triangular kidney kidney layered structure species heart directed close anal respiratory openings heart away species related genus type genus family foot deeply tissues reaches far head known organ developed shows pair strong flattened digestive found species kidney like structure mantle chamber distinct species muscles muscles muscles pulling head species right left muscles pull divide early upper lower muscles muscles upper eye spots right left muscles pull attached base edge mantle right left respectively throat muscle usual split attachment mouth root muscle fixed right body right muscle attached reproductive system reproductive system feature genus special feature elongated genus reduced lost muscle secondary structure muscle acts organ instead end muscle extends posterior end body proposed morphological equivalent analogy longer shorter authors depicted reproductive system taylor quick consider previous authors depiction accurate authors depicted short reproductive organs follows small compact combination male female long greatly convoluted ends small spherical seminal creates eggs elongated shaped like tongue carries eggs sperm twisted free carries eggs long thin carries sperm long twisted rolled form bundle storing sperm short stem distant elaborate system opens outside world distant opening remarkable common area usually inside area male female systems open long muscle stem fixed internally median line body near caudal end tail end body open nearly far prolonged form drawn length enormous extent thin free egg carrying opens nearer near end muscular greatly irregularly enlarged connected number muscular female organ receives organ curious series flattened central pointed end situated close pointed end possibly reduced version organ makes love similar structure shared ancestry love apparatus feeding feeding structure found typically small strong ribbon like structure numerous complex rows tiny teeth situated inside mouth species long wide slightly curved transverse rows denticles tiny teeth row teeth composed median tooth lateral marginal teeth median teeth small clearly having slightly lateral teeth having middle teeth noticeably larger median row extra middle tooth developed distinction lateral marginal series extra little present teeth position slightly size succeeding teeth twentieth row marginal series gradually grows size importance margin approached diminished teeth showing like embryo character jaw jaw measures distinctly arched rear crescent moon shaped shape wide broad slightly rounded ends jaw solid dark brown broad flat ribs middle jaw ribs absent scarcely areas ribs meet upper edge form effect produce effect lower edge jaw individuals ribs extend way jaw making upper cutting edges jaw clearly noticeably toothed outline canal digestive system forms loops true species family distribution known distribution words occurs locations found southwestern ireland north west spain central portugal northern portugal presence southwest ireland similar distribution patterns observed species animals plants particular distribution ireland intermediate known speculation introduced ireland prehistoric humans appears happened case support genetic diversity ireland found greatly reduced compared populations ireland ireland species known areas sandstone geology total area km2 previously unknown population recorded county protected sites significant proportion range ireland protected included special areas conservation ireland response european environmental legislation concerning discussed greater detail section total seven special areas conservation designated selection feature woodland mountains sheep river addition designated relation selection criteria expanded protect small area woodland inhabited species recorded selection feature example spain portugal despite discovery lake english common ireland centre species distribution instead distribution centred continental known northern spain northern portugal reported occurring france confirmed record considered suspect portugal southernmost locality species found mountain range portugal portuguese include provinces alto protected area spain distribution species spain includes coastal locations extends far east question fall boundaries autonomous communities provinces provinces unconfirmed findings reported protected sites sites species spain include listed grouped region river upper valleys alto site community importance special protection area natural park sites site community importance special protection area river wood areas northern river included sites estuary forms boundary province river canyon areas river estuary river river system region district divided sierra los mountain range forms boundary autonomous communities gives site province sierra relevant sites protected birds directive protected mountain range divided autonomous communities sites listed include protected areas national park regional park called behaviour species primarily nocturnal words usually active night daylight hours usually hidden rocks loose bark trees juvenile species active twilight adults active night especially rainy humid nights ireland north temperatures considerably cooler rain air damp ireland active daytime long weather humid overcast defensive behavior unusual attacked land simply head contract body stay firmly attached substrate contrast threatened head lets substrate rolls completely stays contracted ball like shape unique feature ireland ecology habitat lives wild habitats agricultural pest unlike family ireland inhabits wild woodland oak trees open long covered habitats spain usually occurs granite mountains usually prefers acidic soil high humidity environments living moss covered rocks trees mainly chestnut species oak fallen wood bark rotten wood occur open areas near water bodies feeding food includes fungi bacteria grow tree captivity species fed bread leaves vegetables captivity documented life cycle mating species head head position openings facing shaped funnel edges mating sperm transferred eggs laid july october wild february october captivity self possible species eggs laid clusters held film egg masses overall size eggs large compared size animal vary certain limits largest eggs smallest eggs regularly oval white fresh larger ones somewhat transparent area smaller end color changes light direction like lost days eggs turn yellowish later brown black young appear hatch weeks period spots body animal barely present lateral bands distinct black conspicuous mature species juveniles shield shows shaped markings case genus shaped markings indistinct grow larger probably pass winter sexually immature stage body preserved juvenile specimens long mantle length juveniles reach maturity years length life span wild seven years lifespan captivity rarely years numerous different spain consistently found case individuals species observed time known natural enemies predators include larvae fly threats survival species threat species probably modification habitat reduces moss food sources lead local disappearance species documented spain threats include intensification land use land sheep removing shrubs building gardens burning building roads highways tourism general development pressure coniferous forest plantations spread invasive species plants habitat potential dangers species include climate change air pollution negatively affect food source climate change probably affect populations seriously climate hot dry relative ireland generally cool damp conservation measures international protection perceived rarity restricted distribution protected convention conservation european wildlife natural habitats convention decision backed studies distribution ecology ireland concluded evidence decline plus uncertainty status ireland tended support inclusion convention considered concern species iucn red list rated vulnerable protected european_union response listed species principal mechanisms directive protect habitats species creation special areas conservation protection species independently habitats means probably areas specifically protected threats greatest seven designated species ireland spain habitats directive protects outside article european_union member states establish system strict protection listed species prohibit deliberate capture killing prohibit deliberate disturbance particularly period breeding migration prohibit deliberate destruction taking eggs wild prohibit deliberate non deliberate deterioration destruction breeding sites resting places protection conservation status reports portugal spain available august conservation status spain iucn criteria vulnerable protection ireland noted irish sites occurred protected south concluded species adequately sites supported inclusion list irish government irish law natural habitats regulations principal legislation upgraded protection habitat designation special areas conservation listed distribution section adapting existing legislation protected irish wildlife act added list protected species protected treatment cited media example hyper wildlife act protect authorised indirect damage direct damage collecting published species action plan january efforts protect indirect damage arising example commercial forestry following legal challenge ireland implementation action plan superseded threat response plan threat response plan addressed issues arose held ireland protecting species directive required monitoring report covering conservation status species ireland declared favourable evaluated criteria range population habitat future prospects validity assessment question ruling discussed held ireland monitoring properly need improve monitoring discussed response plan recognised population statistics particularly outside threat response plan noted species monitoring process distribution status subject evaluated systematically time definition monitoring undertaken ireland order matters forward survey ireland collaboration researched suitable monitoring protocol species survey investigations resulted publication guide population dynamics guide published captive breeding species successfully bred captivity british conservation organisation operates captive breeding programme endangered species breeding unit project located species normal range england martin mere wetland centre 1990s breeding programme given number different individuals order set breeding programmes unfortunately breeding groups survived | Kerry slug | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
16493_Kimberella | genus known rocks period like organism fed surface manner similar affinity group contentious specimens found australia recent research concentrated numerous finds near russia cover interval time million years ago fossils time evolutionary relationships organisms debated initially classified type features anatomy association scratch marks resembling interpreted signs dispute classification generally accepted classification important scientific understanding explosion diverged significantly million years ago age indicate animals start etymology genus named student teacher collector lost life expedition originally described drew attention fact preoccupied woods turtle subgenus accordingly new proposed occurrence found hills south_australia formation region russia fossils associated animals trace fossil trails possibly algae beds succession dated million years ago million years ago dating lead found volcanic ash layers layers contain fossils fossils known beds older younger precisely dated range fossils dated precisely description specimens representing organisms stages maturity found area fine sandstone layers large number specimens small grain size sediments variety circumstances specimens preserved provide detailed information external form internal anatomy feeding style fossils oval outline elongated specimens illustrate organism capable stretching anterior posterior direction factor type symmetry visible specimens sign kinds radial symmetry normal group includes sea australian fossils originally described type inconsistent symmetry fossils fossils surrounding sediments lived surface sea floor dorsal described non shell larger specimens reached length width high smallest specimens long shell stiff flexible appears non tougher grew larger presumably thicker mature specimens observed elongated folded specimens illustrates shell highly single consisted highest point hood like structure forming thought specimens inner surface shell bears stripes spanning width creature represent attachment sites muscles similar stripes edge shell connected muscles involved muscular foot shell long axis organism marked raised ridge middle axis slightly body visible series repeated module included developed band ventral muscles running single broad muscular foot smaller transverse ventral muscles underside body combination bands ventral transverse ventral muscles enabled making foot body fringe animal respiratory system performing function similar gills fact fringe extended shell indicate gills inefficient needed large area effective predators shell main function provide platform muscles ecology shallow waters tens meters depth sharing calm sea floor organisms bearing bear fossils suggesting lived alongside organisms probably selective predatory habit ruled ate moved backwards trail created destroyed subsequent grazing activity conversely claim moved forwards fans grooves found head end organism indicate organism stayed place surface mat extension head bore teeth reconstruct having long neck operated like arm rotating axis perpendicular sea floor order produce sweep fan rotating away animal food substrate mouth lack evidence contrary suggests organisms reproduced sexually waters occasionally disturbed sandy currents caused sediments storms discharge washed creatures response stress organisms appear retracted soft parts shells apparently fast currents organisms survived current attempted sand deposited unsuccessful attempts seen juveniles end centimetres long preservation fossils generally preserved clay rich bed beneath sandy bed fossils preserved depressions bases beds implying organism firm resist crushed sediment accumulated soft parts organism decayed soft underneath shell preserving shape organism preservation specimens possible fast quickly cut organism enhanced decay products rotting organism helped sediment suggested trail produced organism assisted preservation experiments suggest easily play role binding sediment classification fossils found far assigned species specimens discovered australia originally classified box wade view remained popular fossils white sea region discovered prompted research specimens initially led recognised oldest documented organism far fossils sign toothed tongue feature modern excluding rarely preserved fossil absence necessarily mean rocks immediate vicinity fossils bear scratch marks compared traces named interpreted evidence presence conjunction shell taken indicate closely related suggested feeding mechanism retractable hook like organs end feeding apparatus appears differ significantly typical demonstrates best stem group notably scratch marks indicate teeth dragged organism pushed away maximum impact sediment organism direction grazing backwards opposed forwards furthermore constant width grooves implies trait derived argued shape feeding traces incompatible despite body form lack places outside crown group points plenty groups organisms bear structures capable making similar marks taken doubt available evidence reliably identify near suggest possible probable theoretical importance explosion apparently rapid increase variety basic body structures animals early period starting million years ago finishing million years ago early fossils known mid-19th century saw apparently sudden appearance animals main objections theory evolution natural selection majority animals complex split groups like features strongly suggest member means split time appeared million years ago start million years ago widely accepted member inclusive clade fossils modern looking found diverged million years ago | Kimberella | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
17110_Scaly-footgastropod | foot common foot species deep sea vent marine family vent endemic known deep sea indian_ocean found depths differs greatly deep sea closely related shell unique construction layers outer layer consists iron middle layer equivalent organic found layer foot unusual armored iron houses appears obtain species considered peculiar deep sea vent known extant animal incorporates iron skeleton shell heart speaking unusually large animal heart comprises approximately body volume taxonomy species discovered april referred foot terms scientific referred formally described sense international code nomenclature named type specimens stored london time incorrect spelling variant type species sole species genus generic ancient greek language means golden haired compound occurring shell golden color specific latin language means scale bearing known family species belonged classified species family molecular analyses based sequences genes confirmed placement species dark locality white section explanation different colored appear simply varieties species according results genetic analysis distribution foot vent endemic known deep sea indian_ocean metres depth species discovered living bases black vent field north triple point species subsequently found field central indian ridge mauritius aka dragon field southwest indian ridge field designated type locality type material originated vent field distance distance mainly know live vent fields occurrence foot indian_ocean suggests relationship vent areas research expeditions included expedition ship discovered vent field foot found time vent field discovered indian_ocean expedition research vessel discovered foot vent field expedition discovered vent field expedition discovered field sampled foot expedition visually observed foot vent field expedition sampled vent field description species sides foot extremely unusual armoured hundreds iron composed iron soft tissue core cover layer containing prior discovery foot thought extant possessing scale like structures classes foot found potentially analogous recently detailed morphological analysis testing hypothesis carried mainly complex protein contrast mainly visible growth lines cross sections extant extinct possess dermal extant animal known use iron way skeleton size adults population white instead black lack iron overlapped manner reminiscent roof tiles purpose speculated protection help protect vent fluid bacteria live close source electron donors alternatively result deposition toxic waste represent novel solution true function unknown population layer iron surprisingly non iron showed greater mechanical strength structure point bending stress test life external surfaces host diverse array bacteria probably provide organic compounds facilitate attachment bacteria shell shell species shape shell compressed shell sculpture consists ribs fine growth lines shape elliptical apex shell fragile adults large compared majority species usually millimetres shell length width shell maximum shell reaches millimetres average shell adult average shell width population slightly population height shell width height shell unusual shell structure consists layers outer layer thick black iron containing feature makes extant animal known far employs material skeleton middle layer equivalent organic found thick brown layer thick form calcium commonly found shells color layer white shell layer appears contribute effectiveness defence different ways middle organic layer appears absorb mechanical strain energy generated attack example claws crab making shell tougher organic layer acts dissipate heat features composite material focus researchers possible use civilian military protective applications species shape changes growth rounded shape juveniles curved shape adults relative size decreases individuals grow half adult species possess rear animal likely gradually grow fully cover foot protection loses protective function animal grows external anatomy foot thick snout blunt end mouth circular ring muscles contracted closed smooth thick base gradually fine point tips eyes specialised foot red large withdraw foot entirely shell pedal foot internal anatomy soft parts animal occupy approximately interior shell shell muscle shaped large divided parts left right connected narrower attachment mantle edge thick simple distinctive features mantle cavity deep reaches posterior edge shell left cavity dominated large ventral mass body cavity occupied huge extends fill ventral floor mantle cavity digestive system simple reduced typical volume weak type single pair formula ribbon long wide width length ratio approximately jaw anterior rapidly expands huge blind ended occupies ventral face mantle cavity estimated body volume uniform texture highly fine blood vessels stomach anterior right connecting digestive consolidated stomach probably produced way hydrogen reduced single loop extensive digestive extends posterior filling shell apex shell penetrate heart passes ventral located right opening system central tending right body thin dark layer tissue anterior ventral digestive contact dorsal respiratory system system consist single left gill large body volume supported extensive blood filled blood material prominent feature body cavity thin gill extends far heart upper shell larger species similar shell shape general form proportional size largest gill genera investigated far provides oxygen system enlarged scope similar vent gill gill probably facilitate oxygen low oxygen conditions typical vent ecosystems posterior remarkably large developed heart heart unusually large animal based volume single heart complex represents approximately body volume example heart humans body volume giant heart primarily blood supplies highly housed isolated vent fluid host likely play major role supplying necessary chemicals leading increased respiratory needs detailed investigation reveal information respiratory foot hosts enlarged appears rely nutrition species size orders magnitude larger usual size significant blood pressure likely decreases zero elaborate system likely evolved oxygen poor environment supply hydrogen set genes required probably capable switching efficient efficient depending oxygen availability foot complete known previously thought species enlarged later discovered species enlarged nervous system large brain solid mass nervous system reduced complexity enlarged size compared taxa typical nervous system composed anterior nerve ring pairs longitudinal nerve ventral pair foot dorsal pair forming twist frontal nerve ring large connecting lateral huge fused mass directly adjacent passes bacteria housed large nerves projecting sensory organs foot include surrounded single sensory tip gill known present present reproductive system unusual features adult inside shell head foot region right body adults possess different levels development placed placed lies packaging organ initially separate apparently fuse single emerge single opening right mantle cavity animal organ derived strategy housing catalyst innovations serve primarily improve fitness bacteria needs great protective dermal highly enlarged respiratory systems high considered adaptations beneficial adaptations appear result resolve energetic needs extreme environment ecology habitat species inhabits vent fields indian_ocean lives adjacent acidic reducing vent fluid walls black chimneys directly flow sites depth field varies dimensions approximately slope field substrate rock depleted mid ocean ridge field foot live low temperature single chimney transitional zone found width temperature preferred water temperature species live environment high concentrations hydrogen low concentrations oxygen abundance foot lower field field vent community consists taxa including sea crustaceans genus unidentified unidentified foot live colonies colonies field depth dimensions approximately substrate rock enriched mid ocean ridge foot live near high temperature chimneys vent field abundance foot lower field vent community comprises taxa including sea crustaceans type genus fish genus unidentified unidentified vent field depth densely populated areas immediately surrounding flow vent community include sea usually dominant vent fields recorded vent field feeding habits foot probably filter nutrition foot entire post life probably depends bacteria provide nutrition currently unclear species uses mechanisms feeding example known uses eating normal food identification interactions habitat direct observation feeding habits complicated measured carbon nitrogen stable compositions depleted values relatively derived organic carbon presumed source carbon origin stable carbon confirmed life cycle simultaneous species family far known simultaneous high lays eggs probably type eggs foot negative atmospheric pressure larvae known thought species dispersal stage smallest juvenile specimens collected shell length results statistical analyses revealed genetic populations fields suggesting potential vent fields population represents potential source population populations difficult alive artificial environment survived atmospheric pressure weeks | Scaly-foot gastropod | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
17778_Tunicate | marine animal member includes animals dorsal nerve time called term animals live solitary individuals replicate colonies unit known marine filter water filled sac like body structure tubular openings known draw expel water feeding water expel filtered water adult permanently attached rocks hard surfaces ocean floor swim zone sea adults species commonly known sea sea pork sea sea earliest species appears fossil record early period despite simple appearance different adult form close relationship evidenced fact mobile stage possess rod resemble derives unique outer covering formed proteins acts species thin translucent gelatinous thick tough stiff taxonomy species exist world oceans living shallow water numerous group fewer species found depths greater solitary animals leading existence attached colonial supported stalk attached directly substrate rock shell coral root dock ship hull found range solid translucent colours resemble seeds barrels bottles largest sea grow metre tall established introduced second group emphasize affinity group doubt largely influence authors supported term usage invalid precedence grounds existed accordingly current formally correct trend abandon favour original invariably modern scientific works accepted valid common names different species sea colourful bodies supported slender sea named habit contracting bodies sharply water disturbed sea liver sea pork names resemblance dead colonies pieces meat classification closely related including invertebrates clade comprising called contain roughly described species traditionally divided classes members included result studies traditional classification accepted newer evidence suggests artificial group status fossil record undisputed fossils rare best known earliest identified species lower village near common possible found upper skeletons upper united_states enigmatic species found period sac like second new like genus northern russia results new study shown possible affinity organisms lived shallow coastal waters slightly million years ago believed oldest evidence lineage russian fossil tentatively identified fossils near preserved identification questioned fossils rare bodies decay soon death families microscopic present preserved occasionally found later rocks familiar mistaken studies multi taxon molecular study proposed sea descended hybrid ancestor study based quartet approach designed reveal horizontal gene transfer events anatomy body form colonies occur range forms degree individual organisms known integrate simplest systems individual animals widely separated linked horizontal connections called grow species growing closer sharing common base advanced colonies involve integration common structure surrounded separate single central organized larger systems hundreds star shaped units colony tiny numerous colonies form large mat like patches body structure far largest class body surrounded test derives varies thickness species tough resembling thin delicate transparent gelatinous composed proteins complex includes variety unique grow animal need periodically shed inside body wall mantle composed tissue muscle blood vessels nerves openings found body wall water flows interior ventral expelled large occupies interior body muscular tube linking opening rest gut groove known ventral surface net collects food particles wound dorsal lower end links loop gut terminates near walls bands slits known water escapes surrounding water filled cavity crossed rope like extend mantle provide support preventing collapsing hold organs main class characterised free swimming individuals filter net catch prey colonial hollow cylindrical structure outside inside species known found tropics species small long solitary opposite ends barrel shaped bodies swim jet propulsion species small long found surface waters warm cold seas jet propulsion form long chains new individuals class group retain characteristics adult state product extensive species resemble larvae amphibians tail right angles body retained animals long propelled tail external net known house completely surround efficient trapping particles physiology internal anatomy like early development time completed stages lost body members true develop clear body end development remain adults heart sac organs enclosed membrane called surrounded like begin life mobile stage resembles minority species retain general form life rapidly settle attach suitable surface later developing barrel like usually adult form lives complex developed heart system heart double shaped tube situated gut blood vessels simple tissue tubes blood types blood appear pale green respiratory oxygen transported dissolved exact details system unclear gut gills nervous system arranged series parallel happens animals minutes heart stops beating pumping fluid reverse direction blood unusual features species contains high concentrations transitional metal associated proteins blood cells known concentrate level million times surrounding stored form requires stability achieved containing acid later deposited outer surface presence thought deter predation unclear presence heavy metal low species concentrate iron serve similar function species produce organic compounds chemical defenses predators lack kidney like organs typical structures rely tissues rid waste simple system typical organ mass large clear walled occupy loop structure remnant primitive cells extract waste matter circulating blood accumulate inside crystals obvious means material adult hollow cerebral equivalent brain hollow structure known originate tube located nerves arise ends anterior end posterior end supply rest body organs gut body wall sense organs sensory cells unusual animals produce large fraction structures form production animals unusual researchers denied presence outside plants time accepted occurs mammals unique scale application production possibly having functional announced presence test substance similar called recognized alternative substance feeding nearly suspension capturing particles sea water bodies typical digestive processes similar systems water drawn body action lining gill slits obtain food average needs process body volume water second drawn net lining continuously net sticky threads holes diameter trap particles including bacteria net rolled dorsal trapped particles drawn gut shaped contents stomach enlarged region lowest bend digestive adds food moved absorption takes place remains formed strings opens dorsal cavity near caught constant stream water carries waste exterior animal current way upstream draw contaminated water live soft sediments species sit wait predators trapping tiny small invertebrates muscular surround certain tropical species family green algae unique excess products assumed available host life cycle single near gut body wall solitary species sperm eggs shed sea larvae especially colonial species sperm released water drawn individuals incoming water current takes place eggs early developmental stages forms appear like primitive rod resemble small swim tail simple eye balancing organ sufficiently developed species finds suitable rock place form capable feeding rudimentary digestive system dispersal mechanism physical changes occur body significant reduction cerebral controls movement equivalent human brain comes common saying sea eats brain classes adults remain swimming drifting open sea larvae undergo similar higher lower degree colonial forms increase size colony new individuals share colonies grow new near posterior end colony sexual reproduction starts internally egg develops directly intervening form form detached single unit new colony complex life cycle includes different functions sexually members colony known eggs sperm individual viviparous developing embryo feeds yolk sac released sea free swimming like undergoes water column known nurse develops tail produced known function arranged lateral rows transport function arranged single central row link nurse develop mature separate live independently start cycle served purpose phase allows rapidly conditions favourable complex generations solitary life history phase producing chain tens hundreds individual length chain aggregate portion aggregate individuals known remain attached swimming feeding growing larger egg internally sperm colony egg develops brood sac inside connection circulating blood nurse fills body released start independent life reproduce sexually resembles trunk fully developed undergoes tail shift tail moves position ventral orientation twists relative trunk consists small fixed number cells grows cell division development rapid takes seven hours develop house building juvenile starting feed development exhibit fate cells set early reduced cell numbers rapidly evolving contrast cell determination relatively late development cell evolution relatively slow promotion crossing class releases sperm eggs surrounding simultaneously self sterile studies mechanism self self non self recognition molecules play key role process interaction sperm coat egg appears self non self recognition similar self systems flowering plants self promotes crossing provides advantage generation genetic avoidance depression class colonial member group able reproduce sexually colony eggs days peak sperm self avoided cross favored avoided self possible self eggs develop substantially higher frequency cross eggs significantly lower percentage larvae derived self eggs growth colonies derived significantly lower findings suggest self gives rise depression associated developmental likely caused expression model class organism lifetime employs original reproductive strategy entire female line contained single giant cell termed maintained laboratory culture growing interest model organism phylogenetic position closest sister group invasive species past decades notably genera invading coastal waters countries carpet taken km2 area bank northeast coast north_america covering stones stationary objects dense mat appeared thriving sound hood canal pacific_northwest invasive usually arrive organisms hulls ships introduced larvae ballast water possible means introduction shells brought marine cultivation current research indicates previously thought indigenous europe americas fact invaders invasions occurred centuries ago areas proving major threat operations use humans medical uses contain host potentially useful chemical compounds including effective types cancer effective types cancer effective types cancer able correct cellular series generations similar process possible humans mechanisms underlying phenomenon lead insights potential cells tissues compromised human organs food species consumed food world japan korea sea main species eaten cultivated palm tons produced mass mortality events occurred farmed sea soft tons produced uses use source researched body wall broken converted parts animal protein rich converted fish feed large scale possible economics attractive predators removal sea profound ecological impacts sea based production compete food production cultivation land based crops projects model organisms developmental studies species mitochondrial nuclear nuclear appears smallest species study gene regulation evolution development | Tunicate | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
19430_Theodoxusfluviatilis | common river species small freshwater water gill aquatic family widely distributed species occurs europe thick shell coloration pattern shell variable lives freshwater water rivers lakes stones feeds mainly grazing populations species spreading reach thousands square meter females lay egg contains large number eggs capsule reach sexual maturity year total lifespan years taxonomy originally described original text type description latin short reads follows means english number shell teeth inhabits rivers europe later species moved genus fact type species genus colleagues designated english translation published subspecies subspecies described recognized authors described freshwater environment considered synonym described water separate species originally named study proved status subspecies regarded synonym called forms form form differ morphology ecology reproductive strategy behaviour probably lake considered subspecies consider distinct species shows relationships genus shows sister group clade clade split lake existed species living water include apparently closely related distribution exact type locality species unknown probably main river considered type locality habitat suggest water environment distribution species considered european reality species occurs western central occurrence scattered europe alps regions immediately north alps species live norway siberia widespread distribution species genus fact widely distributed species entire family species threatened mainly river engineering water pollution densely populated regions species population trend overall stable declining areas germany areas expanding example danube river rhine river 1970s came close local extinction water pollution subsequently water quality improved decades leading recovery species extinct rhine unknown reason late 1990s rhine probably ship transport analysis based gene shown probably originated danube europe species occurs widely western_europe widespread north ireland living irish streams rivers lives great_britain including isle netherlands belgium found france switzerland considered critically endangered south occurs spain portugal species restricted springs central europe species lives recorded czech_republic extinct findings river near recent findings shells took place occurs poland slovakia non indigenous hungary provided detailed distribution germany indigenous distribution included large rivers rhine main species highly endangered germany stark species found denmark sweden far north found coasts finland known found alive species reaches baltic_sea northernmost distribution genus northernmost species eastern_europe occurs estonia lithuania russia western russia found ukraine non indigenous recorded area occurs lives albania romania bulgaria croatia macedonia albania occurs lake spans border countries subspecies found mainland greece crete known occur mainland italy occurs montenegro serbia asia africa asia found turkey found iran provinces records iran listed africa species occurs algeria possibly probably morocco records authors consider reliable instead species brown recognized species northwestern africa prehistoric found archaeological site cave portugal site years age shells late found czech_republic ancestral range region southern ukraine romania hungary suggested species northern italy greece turkey second phase spain france germany finally british isles sweden baltic_sea german summarized distribution species pleistocene description shell somewhat depressed usually low strongly including larger specimens usually eroded width adult shell usually reach height shell mean values vary populations depending environment maximum width shell water populations water shells somewhat shorter reaching maximum weight shell freshwater populations maximum recorded shell width maximum height maximum weight freshwater shells exterior shell basically whitish yellowish net like dark reddish violet pattern pattern variable depending environmental factors partly presenting bands occasionally evenly dark shell variable color color patterns showing great shell coloration patterns plastic species genus qualities influenced factors like composition water type nutrition individuals habitats colleagues showed outer coastal waters baltic_sea nearly black shell form predominant inner sheltered parts coastal waters yellowish green forms prevail observed specimens darker substrate black dark brown shells specimens pattern white drop like spots dark red background specimens spain pattern stripes specimens balkans possible combinations white drop like spots stripes animals habitats dark light bands shell images showing color patterns shells shell shape similar shell shape spherical shape usually descending species display large morphological makes difficult differentiate overall outline shell species identification recent literature coloration patterns shells relied identify specimens characters proper identification shaped light reddish red margin bearing broad rib called ridge inner surface muscle attached rib rib long thin base thin lacking characteristic features visible juveniles sexual border rib shield straight females curved males shape observed specimen france spring near bar montenegro double rib present rib shield reduced specimen rib shield reduced distinguished mentioned species having rib pit formed rib rib shield rib shield consequently rib pit lacking species differs having addition rib absent visible soft parts animal light yellow black head long eyes large black foot whitish like species family type small marginal teeth help brush food particles colleagues species reproductive system separate sexes number males females sex determination system confirmed species females openings located edge mantle mantle cavity opening opening laying eggs accepts sperm connected storing sperm opening laying eggs egg cells originate egg cells travel chamber occur eggs develop capsule formed eggs laid males forming sperm structure examined travels mixes fluid finally goes located inner right following illustrations reproductive system female male organ systems system pressure lower value marine subfamily pressure subfamily belong similar land family ecology habitat prefers lowland habitats switzerland occurs calcium rich waters small inhabits central lower parts rivers deep including water tidal rivers lives lakes bottoms rarely lives springs ground water caves example found living lakes streams rivers ireland species lived water species easily stones allows live fast running waters wave zone lakes ability live freshwater water demonstrates species small live depth coastal waters water populations live baltic_sea baltic_sea black_sea populations water tolerate higher populations freshwater water populations higher accumulation positive substances foot species lives hard benthic typically rocks lives rarely dead wood mild organic pollution low oxygen content tolerate long periods ice lives waters waters serves indicator species river monitoring germany spreading populations high tolerance degraded habitats large found living stones dead wood freshwater environments lives stones marina water baltic_sea species found species found dominant fauna central northern baltic_sea water populations reach lake reach population species found population spring river stable temperature allows continuous reproduction port september density juvenile recorded feeding habits feeds mainly living stones consuming consume green algae poor quality food supply contain green algae cell walls species digest brown small studied effect grazing algae life cycle means individual animal distinctly male female cross occur sex ratio structure unique divided parts eggs usually laid mid april october temperatures eggs laid egg deposited stones shells individuals females usually lay cluster containing single female usually lay summer autumn fresh white older yellow brown bear outer layer diameter water usually smaller sterile small diameter laid number eggs egg capsule changes depending environment eggs capsule freshwater opposed eggs capsule water usually egg develops remaining eggs serving nutrition embryo results single juvenile hatching capsule juveniles shell length hatch days days ash free dry weight newly hatched laid spring hatch months august september late summer development temperatures hatch spring months shell grows mainly august shell growth winter reach sexual maturity year shell length life span years age estimated years mortality rate low summer higher winter ice storms substrate result mechanical damage parasites predators parasites include species serves intermediate host second intermediate host found small small species main host usually infected mantle cavity found mantle cavity species parasitic species found predators include common freshwater fish prey birds | Theodoxus fluviatilis | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
19441_Phoronid | scientific called worms marine animals filter feed crown build upright tubes support protect soft bodies live oceans seas including excluding zone meters adult long wide largest long end body like swelling anchors animal tube enables body quickly threatened extended body little hairs sides draw food particles mouth inside slightly base unwanted material excluded closing lid mouth rejected switch reverse food moves stomach solid moved outside slightly blood vessel leads middle body stomach circular vessel base single blind vessel runs pair blood vessels near body wall lead downward ring stomach blind branches body heart major vessels contract waves blood water rely blood contains unusual small animals adaptation environments blood carries twice oxygen human weight filter body fluid returning useful products dumping remaining pair pores species builds colonies splitting sections reproduce sexually spring autumn eggs species form free swimming larvae feed days undergoes radical change minutes replaced adult moves outside changes gut upright bend stomach body species forms like larvae species known live year species live separately vertical tubes embedded soft sediment form masses buried rocks shells habitats populations reach tens thousand individuals square meter larvae familiar account significant proportion predators include fish tiny species predators parasites body digestive tract unknown significance humans listed species endangered body fossils good evidence created trace fossils found cretaceous periods possibly collectively called use feed 1940s 1990s family trees based morphological features placed sister group super includes minority adhere view researchers regard members super analysts molecular phylogeny confident members closely related non members relationships members unclear analyses regard sister groups place sub group comes names ancient egyptian goddess isis genera comparison similar description body structure adult long wide largest long skins cuticle rigid tubes similar material reinforced sediment particles debris species tubes erect horizontal tubes leave end body like swelling tube like structure anchors animal tube enables body threatened reducing body percent maximum length longitudinal muscles body quickly circular muscles slowly extend body internal fluid feeding end crown animal filter feeds small species crown simple circle medium size species bent shape outer inner sides largest species ends wind complex elaborate shapes increase area available feeding hollow held upright fluid pressure moved individually muscles mouth inside base crown gut runs mouth stomach runs stomach body exits outside little crown gut supported run length body connected body wall connects gut body divided compartments lined main body cavity crown called base share mouth hollow lid close mouth cavity called authors disagree fox barnes think built different process feeding circulation extended little hairs sides draw water base shorter inner sides flick food particles groove circle inside groove push particles mouth direct water current quickly maximize food catching area currents change diet includes algae small larvae unwanted material excluded closing lid mouth rejected switch reverse gut uses muscles food stomach digest food stomach majority food absorb building blocks proteins skins mainly summer solid moved outside slightly blood vessel starts membrane loosely stomach blind supplying stomach blood vessel leads middle body circular vessel base single blind vessel runs pair blood vessels near body wall lead downward ring species combined little ring downward vessel leads blind branches body heart muscles major vessels contract waves blood unlike animals live tubes water rely extends sediments blood containing unusual small animals adaptation environments blood carries oxygen blood volume body weight twice human walls blood vessels perform stage main fluid funnel like intake filter fluid second time returning useful products dumping remaining pair nervous system movement nervous center mouth nerve ring base ring supplies nerves skin body wall muscles nerve skin species trunk giant nerves transmit signals fast body danger threatens body tube limited slow movement partial emerging tube bending body extended food mouth reproduction naturally builds colonies splitting sections grow bodies experiments species split successfully parts reproductive tissue breed sexually spring autumn species male female reproductive organs cross eggs members separate sexes produced swollen stomach swim sperm exit captured individuals species species lay small eggs release water species larger eggs brood body tube stuck center eggs released feed develop larvae development eggs mixture characteristics early divisions egg cells divide completely radial gradually form stack circles process fate cell depends interaction cells rigid program cell experiments divided early embryos produced complete larvae formed originating formed embryo mouth like days sea bed days floor known species remaining species develop free swimming larvae feed upright cylinder fringed lobe hood connected patch outside apex hood pair smaller simpler adult mouth feeding mouth swimming days undergoes catastrophic radical change minutes hood absorbed adult created round mouth points upward gut develops bend outside finally adult builds tube live year ecology live oceans seas including arctic appear zone meters occur separately vertical tubes embedded soft sediment sand mud fine gravel form masses individuals buried rocks shells habitats populations reach tens thousand individuals square meter larvae familiar account significant proportion wall tube uses foundation building tube house unequal relationship experiences significant benefits harm benefits foundation tube food animals filter protection tube danger threatens tube predators known include fish tiny reaches square meter tidal flats california usa predators including fish crabs strongest section including exposed predators feed removed experiment effect reduced days broadly effective defenses appear unusual invertebrates inhabiting soft sediment important allowing reach high parasites unidentified digestive tract parasite unknown significance humans listed species endangered evolutionary history fossil record body fossils researching lower fossils interpreted shaped gut interpreted regarded synonyms genus opinion looked like found western canada specimens million years ago new fossil shells like authors opinion shaped gut extended line outside smaller shell attachment muscles close open shells animal length line needed longitudinal muscles cuticle protection suggest member stem group good evidence species created trace fossils found cretaceous periods animal bored algae tests shells shells tubes usually curved wide found possibly branching colonies family tree collectively called feed 1940s 1990s family trees based morphological features placed sister group super includes early development embryos form mouth form mouth nielsen views affiliated filter feed current driving cells cell regards multiple cell authors morphological analyses doubt disagree sub group worms suggests ancestral looks like mobile worm like colonial fact use feeding probably evolved independently adaptations lifestyle form disagreements form onwards analyses based molecular phylogeny compares features similarities dna placed super includes main super members include wrote true virtually morphology based phylogeny past century analyses molecular phylogeny confident members closely related non members relationships members unclear generally divided animals including animals larvae including molecular phylogeny indicates closely related closely related group despite similar feeding implies traditional definition recently term applied thinks change cause confusion analyses regard sister groups place sub group implying analysis concludes sub group teeth sister group sub groups authors suggest ancestors clade diverged probably taxonomy genera class order names given larvae usually called separate genus adults described described new species regards synonym thinks different species species diversity currently described larvae wrote undisputed adult species morphological types larvae identified | Phoronid | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
20589_Coral | coral marine invertebrates class typically live compact colonies identical individual group includes important reef builders inhabit tropical oceans calcium form hard skeleton coral group colony genetically identical sac like animal typically millimeters diameter centimeters length set surround central mouth opening near base generations colony creates large skeleton characteristic species individual heads grow reproduction breed sexually spawning species release simultaneously period nights moon catch small fish cells obtain majority energy nutrients genus live tissues commonly known contain require sunlight grow clear shallow water typically depths shallower metres major contributors physical structure coral reefs develop tropical subtropical waters enormous great barrier reef coast queensland australia rely live deeper water cold water genus surviving deep metres found darwin north west scotland found far north coast taxonomy aristotle classified plant animals animals characteristics plants animals plants persian classified animals arguing respond touch people believed plants eighteenth century microscope establish coral characteristic thin cell membranes animal phylogeny clearly understood number different models proposed sea coral constitute grouping united fold symmetry trait appears primitive members group presented comes study based divergence mitochondrial dna group nuclear markers classified class divided include sea groups generally fold symmetry include blue coral soft sea sea fans sea groups fold symmetry having tube dwelling fire true order known class anatomy animals class differ having stage life cycle body unit animal colonial initial produce colony gradually developing small start known hard produce skeleton composed calcium strengthen protect organism deposited living tissue connects sit cup shaped depressions skeleton known colonies coral variable appearance single species adopt plate like massive solid structure forms linked different types habitat variations light level water movement significant soft skeleton tissues presence tiny skeletal elements known calcium soft variable form colonial soft connected sheets species thick deeply embedded soft form tree like whip like central skeleton embedded tissue matrix composed protein called material soft retracted relying hard skeleton defence predators soft generally relying chemical defences form toxic substances present tissues known fold symmetry soft mouth surrounded ring cylindrical point soft branches known tropical species reduced mere fused like appearance retracted day spread night catch small organisms shallow water species soft diet products produced complex developed system canals allowing significant sharing nutrients ecology feeding feed variety small organisms microscopic small fish kill prey cells carry venom rapidly release response contact organism dormant response nearby prey touching trigger opens apparatus fires prey venom injected hollow prey manoeuvre prey mouth contract bring prey stomach prey stomach allowing elimination waste products beginning hunting cycle drifting organic molecules dissolved organic molecules groups sea form relationship class algae genus familiar pest coral reef serves valuable model organism study typically species algae provide energy coral aid tissue plant material algae benefit safe place live consume carbon dioxide waste strain algae stress coral drives algae mass known coral algae contribute coral brown coloration colors host coral green proteins increases chance surviving short term stress regain algae possibly different species later time conditions persist eventually dies reproduction reproduce sexually reproduction allows coral settle new areas sexual predominantly reproduce sexually form single sex colonies rest broadcasters broadcast spawn releasing eggs sperm water spread offspring fuse form microscopic called typically pink elliptical shape typical coral colony forms thousand larvae year overcome odds formation new colony spawning typical coral reef multiple species present spawn night essential male female meet rely environmental cues varying species species determine proper time release water cues involve temperature change lunar cycle day length possibly chemical signalling spawning form hybrids involved coral immediate cue sunset cues release spawning event visually dramatic usually clear water brooding species reef building areas high current wave action release sperm negatively sinking waiting egg carriers harbor eggs weeks spawning events occurs species release ready settle exhibit positive swimming light reach surface waters drift grow descending seek hard surface attach begin new colony exhibit positive moving sounds reef away open water high failure rates stages process millions released colony new colonies form time spawning settling usually days months grows eventually coral head growth coral head genetically identical reproduce dividing involves splitting smaller adult new grows forms body parts distance new adult grows common body colony coral anatomy oral discs producing sized ring base producing smaller division forms large original longitudinal division begins divides body effectively splitting length mouth divides new form created generate missing body parts division occurs divide parts means basal disc oral disc new separately generate missing pieces reproduction offers benefits high reproductive rate delaying replacement dead geographical distribution colony division colonies reproduce forming colonies possible mechanisms include occurs especially family colony splits colonies early developmental stages occurs single colony different substrate create new colony involves individuals broken colony storms separated individuals start new colonies reefs order meaning involved building reefs obtain energy genus require sunlight reef forming found mainly shallow water calcium form hard skeletons framework reef reef building shallow water contain deep water species living depths light penetrate form reefs harbour types shallow water coral reef including reefs barrier reefs occur tropical subtropical seas slow growing adding height year great barrier reef thought laid million years ago time fragment die sand rubble shells decay form gradually evolving calcium structure coral reefs extremely diverse marine ecosystems hosting species fish massive numbers crustaceans animals evolutionary history appeared period million years ago fossils extremely rare period million years later widespread contained numerous occur periods form low branching masses alongside numbers began decline middle period extinct end period million years ago horn dominant middle period extinct early period existed solitary colonial forms composed filled niche vacated extinct species fossils found small numbers rocks period common later periods skeletons composed form calcium known younger skeletons readily preserved fossil record accordingly complete certain times geological past abundant like modern ancestors built reefs ended great structures rocks fossils fellow reef algae remains appear coral fossils makes useful index fossils coral fossils restricted reef remnants solitary fossils found occurs england clay formation status threats coral reefs stress world particular coral mining agricultural urban runoff pollution organic blast fishing disease digging canals access islands bays localized threats coral ecosystems broader threats sea temperature rise sea level rise changes ocean associated greenhouse gas emissions world reefs died result increased water temperature approximately world coral reefs dead world reefs risk human related activities threat reef health particularly strong southeast_asia reefs endangered world coral reefs destroyed result nations protect environmental laws caribbean tropical pacific direct contact common coral causes death coral transfer algae given adequate nutrients limited grazing water temperature changes changes kill species coral environmental stresses expel coral tissues reveal white skeletons event known coral submarine springs found coast mexico yucatán_peninsula produce water naturally low relatively high providing conditions similar expected widespread oceans absorb carbon dioxide surveys discovered multiple species live coral appeared tolerate colonies small distributed formed structurally complex reefs compose nearby protection marine protected areas reserves marine parks national monuments world heritage status fishery management habitat protection protect reefs damage governments prohibit removal coral reefs inform coastal residents reef protection ecology local action habitat restoration protection reduce local damage longer term threats temperature change sea level rise remain challenge eliminate destruction indigenous regions projects started grow non tropical countries relation humans local economies near major coral reefs benefit abundance fish marine creatures food source reefs provide recreational diving tourism activities damage coral international projects encourage dive centres follow code conduct proven risks live coral highly sought soft easier maintain captivity hard jewelry colors appeal jewelry intensely red coral prized called fire coral fire coral red coral rare medicine medicine chemical compounds cancer aids pain uses coral skeletons bone humans coral known sanskrit widely traditional system indian medicine supplement treatment variety bone disorders associated calcium construction coral reefs places east african coast source building material ancient fossil coral limestone notably including hills oxford england building stone seen oldest buildings city including saxon tower walls city climate research annual growth bands deep sea bamboo signs effects ocean marine life growth rings allow construct year year form dating high resolution records past climatic environmental changes techniques certain species form communities called colonies dead water line perimeter submerged alive average tide level limits height analyzing growth offer low resolution record sea level change dated dating methods help reconstruct sea levels increasing sea temperatures tropical regions degree century caused major coral death coral populations able adapt uncertain evolutionary process happen quickly prevent major reduction numbers coral large sexually populations evolution slowed abundant reproduction gene flow variable coral species according coral species gene flow counted source adaptation stationary organisms coral longevity factor adaptation climate changes demonstrated cases usually shift coral shifts frequencies progressed tolerant types scientists found certain common sea temperature high able tolerate warmer water slowly implying evolutionary trade gulf_of_mexico sea temperatures rising cold sensitive coral shifted location specific species shown shift certain growth rate favorable selection slower growing heat tolerant common changes temperature complex reefs current shadows represent location help adjust environment eventually temperatures rise quickly locations separation populations climatic barriers causes realized niche shrink greatly comparison old fundamental niche shallow colonial organisms integrate trace elements skeletal structures grow structures represent functions temperature oxygen composition analysis help climate modeling calcium ratio time attributed coral calcium sea surface temperature data collected oxygen comparison coral calcium sea surface temperature data recorded time coral calcium variations confirm accuracy annual relationship variations association annual coral growth rings confirms age conversion established blending data growth rings stable data directly related climate fluctuations influence coral ratio local variations associated position convergence zone modeling sea surface temperature sea surface global moisture budget primarily influenced tropical sea surface temperatures position unique meteorological feature positioned southwestern called contains perennial position warm periods orientation extending equator south fiji french islands east south_america affecting tropical regions analysis skeletal coral linked sea surface sea surface temperature data tropical oceans ratio phenomenon related variations sea surface sea surface temperature help model tropical climate activities limited climate research current species climate research live coral species limited studied species studying coral provides stable foundation interpretations simpler physically extract data comparison species complexity species skeletal structure creates difficulty physically sampled happens living coral records coral modeling hobby increasingly expanded recent years include reef tanks fish tanks include large amounts live rock coral allowed grow spread tanks kept natural like state algae form algae deep sand bed providing tanks rock kept largely bare algae normally order appear neat clean popular kind coral kept soft coral especially mushroom especially easy grow wide variety conditions originate enclosed parts reefs water conditions vary lighting reliable direct small coral open brightly lit reef conditions demanding large coral sort compromise coral known coral farming coral cultivation commercial purposes coral reef restoration showing promise potentially effective tool restoring coral reefs declining world process bypasses early growth stages risk dying coral fragments known seeds grown reef coral farmed coral farmers live locally reefs farm reef conservation income farmed scientists research businesses supply live ornamental coral trade private gallery images category coral reefs category coral | Coral | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
22187_Sponge | animals meaning bearer organisms bodies pores channels allowing water consisting like thin layers cells cells transform types migrate main cell layers process nervous digestive systems instead rely maintaining constant water flow bodies obtain food oxygen remove overview similar animals lack cell walls produce sperm cells unlike animals lack true tissues organs body symmetry shapes bodies adapted efficiency water flow central cavity deposits nutrients leaves hole called internal skeletons calcium dioxide aquatic animals freshwater species great majority marine salt water species ranging tidal zones depths exceeding approximately known species feed bacteria food particles water host micro organisms alliances produce food oxygen consume species live food poor environments prey mainly small crustaceans species use sexual reproduction releasing sperm cells water species released retained mother eggs form larvae swim search places settle known fragments broken works fragments include right types cells species reproduce conditions deteriorate example temperatures drop freshwater species marine ones produce survival pods cells remain dormant conditions improve form completely new skeletons parents functions skeleton soft hard surfaces rocks commonly mineral fibers use species species calcium constitute known species including freshwater ones widest range habitats calcium species calcium restricted relatively shallow marine waters production calcium easiest fragile glass restricted polar regions ocean depths predators rare fossils types found rocks dated million years ago addition fossils common rocks million years ago regarded type single resemble cells drive water flow systems capture food phylogenetic studies molecules morphological evidence suggest sister group rest animals studies shown form group words include descendants common ancestor recent phylogenetic analyses suggest sister group rest animals species entirely soft skeletons hard elements humans thousands years purposes including cleaning tools 1950s heavily industry collapsed like materials synthetic microscopic researched possible sources treating wide range diseases observed tools foraging distinguishing features constitute defined animals water intake outlet openings connected chambers lined cells whip like lost water flow systems known living bodies types cells bodies change type like etc unlike known bodies consist non living like mass main layers cells simple nervous systems cell layers bound internal connections mounted basement membrane thin mat known basal nervous systems middle like layers large varied populations cells types cells outer layers middle layer change functions basic structure cell types body hollow held shape like substance mainly reinforced dense network fibers inner surface covered cells cylindrical conical surrounding wave like motion whip like drives water body channels leading interior controlled tube like form inlet plate like cells form single layered external skin parts covered digest food particles large enter base animal responsible types cell live like cells slowly type producing cell cells form reproductive cells little spines form skeletons species provide defense predators addition instead form thick material muscle cells conduct signals cause parts animal contract grey cells act equivalent immune system like cells words capable transformation type cell important roles feeding clearing debris block glass glass present distinctive variation basic plan form like framework rods living tissue suspended like contains cell types tissue ways like cells share single external membrane like single cell multiple absent minimal fluid fills interiors cells organized rivers transport organs cells substances instead known form bell shaped chambers water enters chambers lined collar bodies consisting collar nucleus motion water passages open ends bell shaped chambers types cells single nucleus membrane connected single nucleus cells main bridges build multiple glass larvae connected tissues bridges connections far found adults simply reflect difficulty investigating small scale features bridges controlled junctions apparently permit substances pass blocking water flow body structures work like chimneys water little mouth ambient currents faster effect produce principle work free control water flow combinations wholly partially closing intake pores varying beat shut lot sand water layers resemble complex animals bound tightly cell cell connections basal thin sheet underneath flexibility layers modeling allow animals adjust shapes lives maximum advantage local water currents simplest body structure tube shape known severely limits size animal body structure characterized stalk like surrounded single layer simply scaled ratio volume surface area increases surface increases square length width volume increases cube tissue needs food oxygen determined volume pumping capacity supplies food oxygen depends area covered seldom exceed diameter overcome limitation adopting structure body wall inner pockets lined connect outer pockets increase number pumping capacity enables grow centimeters diameter pattern pumping capacity filling interior completely contains network chambers lined connected water outlet tubes grow diameter fact growth direction increases number chambers enables wider range forms example shapes follow surfaces attach freshwater shallow water marine bodies networks water passages glass similar structure types structure cross section area lined regions greater intake outlet channels makes flow slower near makes easier trap food particles example small centimetres tall diameter water enters intake canals minute million chambers combined diameter greater canals water flow chambers hour making easy capture food water expelled single second fast carry waste products distance away skeleton skeleton fairly rigid structure animal joints functions skeleton soft hard surfaces rocks commonly mineral fibers calcium vary shape simple rods dimensional stars rays produced cells separate connected joints fused lie completely outside organic components example hard massive calcium organic matter forms thin layer chambers pits mineral form animals skins classes traditionally distributed classes glass studies shown group thought belong actually separated recently recognized fourth class divided classes mainly according composition skeletons vital functions movement adult fundamentally animals marine freshwater species sea bed speeds day result like movements cells species contract bodies close juveniles drift swim freely adults stationary feeding distinct respiratory digestive systems instead water flow system supports functions filter food particles water flowing particles larger enter consume internal particles trapped outer inner ends particles consumed partially walls bacteria sized particles pass caught consumed smallest particles far common typically capture food supply transport food packaged cells directly digest food species internal fibers function tracks use nutrient carrying tracks objects claimed glass live nutrients dissolved sea water study found evidence concluded extract bacteria micro organisms water efficiently process suspended sediment grains extract prey collar bodies digest food distribute wrapped transported motor molecules run cells absorb oxygen water cells water flows body carbon dioxide waste products remove mineral particles threaten block transport generally dump outgoing water current species incorporate skeletons species live waters supply food particles poor prey crustaceans small animals far species discovered belong family members cases little known actually capture prey species thought use sticky threads hooked live deep waters development deep ocean exploration techniques expected lead discovery species found mediterranean caves depths alongside usual filter feeding cave dwelling predators capture crustaceans long fine threads digest threads course days return normal shape evidence use venom known completely lost water flow system genus uses highly modified water flow system balloon like structures capturing prey freshwater host green algae cells benefit nutrients produced algae marine species host organisms commonly cases form total mass living tissue gain energy supply micro organisms team reported conduct light live host organisms common waters relatively poor supplies food particles shapes maximize sunlight collect recently discovered lives near hosts eating bacteria immune system complex immune systems animals reject species accept members species marine species gray cells play leading role rejection foreign material invaded produce chemical stops movement cells affected area preventing internal transport systems intrusion grey cells concentrate area release kill cells area immune system stay activated state weeks reproduction methods reproduction producing fragments detached currents waves use mobility attach suitable surface rebuild small functional course days capabilities enable fine cloth fragment contains produce produce cell types species reproduce survival pods marine freshwater species produce thousands dying mainly freshwater species regularly produce autumn wrapping shells reinforced round clusters nutrients freshwater include dormant state survive cold drying lack oxygen extreme variations freshwater revive temperature drops stays cold months reaches normal level round outside cluster transform membrane shell bursts cluster cells slowly emerges remaining transform cell types needed functioning species different individuals join forces form retained parent spring difficult tell old revived sexual function sexes simultaneously reproductive organs sperm produced entire chambers sink form eggs formed transformation species egg generally yolk consuming nurse cells spawning sperm burst expelled contact species water flow carries instead form carry sperm eggs cases carrier cargo species release eggs water retain eggs hatch types larvae balls cells outer layer cells enable larvae swimming days larvae sink crawl find place settle cells transform types appropriate locations miniature adult glass embryos start dividing separate cells cells formed rapidly transform larvae externally band round middle use movement internally typical glass structure like main multiple collar bodies center larvae leave parents bodies life cycle temperate regions live years tropical species deep ocean ones live years grow year rate constant specimens wide years old start sexual reproduction weeks old wait years old coordination activities adult lack kind nervous tissue species ability perform movements coordinated bodies mainly water channels excess sediment substances cause species contract independently rest body contract order reduce area vulnerable attack predators cases fused example large waves slowly coordinated twins coordinating mechanism unknown involve chemicals similar glass rapidly transmit electrical parts use halt motion incoming water contains excessive sediment thought responsible closing signals different parts body contain genes similar contain recipe post density important signal receiving structure animals genes activated cells appear larvae provide sensory capability larvae swimming raises questions cells represent predecessors true evidence ancestors true lost adapted lifestyle ecology habitats worldwide distribution living wide range ocean habitats polar regions tropics live quiet clear waters sediment stirred waves currents block pores making difficult feed breathe greatest numbers usually found firm surfaces rocks attach soft sediment means root like base abundant diverse temperate waters tropical waters possibly organisms prey abundant tropical waters glass common polar waters depths temperate tropical seas construction enables extract food resource poor waters minimum effort abundant diverse shallower non polar waters different classes live different ranges habitat primary producers produce times oxygen consume organic matter consume contributions habitats resources significant australia great barrier reef relatively minor caribbean defenses shed forming dense carpet meters deep keeps away prey produce prevent organisms sea growing near making effective competitors living space examples includes species caribbean fire cause severe humans handle turtles fish feed mainly said produce chemical defenses predators experiment showed relationship chemicals produced taste fish diminish chemical defenses predation fish help spread fragments glass produce toxic chemicals live deep water predators rare predation flies known flies specialist predators freshwater female lays eggs vegetation water larvae hatch drop water seek feed use elongated pierce suck larvae species surface refuge internal fully grown larvae leave water spin caribbean chicken liver kill coral allowing grow coral skeletons especially family use substances tunnel rocks shells dead remove year reefs creating visible low tide level diseases caribbean genus suffer red band syndrome causes develop colored bands adjacent bands tissue completely branches disease appears impacts approximately percent reefs colored bands caused unknown organism actually causes disease collaboration organisms addition hosting noted wide range collaborations organisms relatively large common rocky surfaces extended range meadows letting surrounded local protect return higher positions away sea floor sediment genus form colonies shrimp species inhabits different species making diverse genera specifically utilizes food source defense shrimp predators individuals inhabit single feeding larger particles collect filters ocean feed evolutionary history fossil record stable derivative said produced true animals thought animals closest single relatives team scientists examined genes species concluded species produce investigation wider range necessary order prove fossil produced previous publication reported traces chemical ancient rocks dating million years ago recent research accurately dated rock series revealed appear end approximately million years ago analysis reveal convincing evidence ancient pre dating globally extensive glacial episode million years ago sources marine algae origin molecular suggest existed explosion life like absent fossil record report exists rocks dated million years ago appears unlikely based reference preserved fossil million years ago period found formation fossils include internal cavity classified fossils glass found million years ago rocks australia china early mexico belonging genus evidence fusion smaller form single large calcium found early rocks million years ago australia probable found early fauna million years ago freshwater appear younger earliest known fossils date period million years ago modern remains type common types skeletons composed relatively soft earliest known early classify type common period million years ago apparently died end million years ago family tree 1990s widely regarded group words descended common ancestor sister group multi animals form group hand 1990s analyses revived idea animals nearest evolutionary relatives single organisms similar imply evolved like ancestors like ancestors given rise modern non members analyses concluded complex closely related particular groups rest conclusions imply common ancestor direct ancestor study based comparisons dna concluded fundamental division glass rest closely related calcium types analysis based comparisons based mainly comparison concluded glass closely related turn closely related evidence links sub group comparison nuclear dna excluding glass concluded closely related closest evolutionary groups bag like animals fossils found rocks sperm share features lack layers cells bound attachment carpet like basal membrane composed mainly type form found fibers reinforce similar type analyses described concluded closest ancestors words multi animals including complex groups comparison genes genera ranging fungi humans including species suggested basal lineage included sample correct modern developed complex structures independently ancestors complex known drastically simplified forms study recommended analyses wider range simple results analysis published suggest return previous view family trees constructed combination available data morphological developmental molecular concluded fact group form sister group common fossils rocks early million years ago found late suggested produced algae completely separate animals completely separate kingdom life labeled 1990s regarded distinctive group difficult fit classifications complex animals analysis concluded closely related grounds detailed structure armor plates similar fibers protein modern analysis concluded intermediate complex animals reasons skins thicker tightly connected detailed analysis concluded similar mobile animals looked like chain mail fossils found rocks early mid correct create dilemma extremely unlikely totally unrelated organisms developed similar independently huge difference structures bodies makes hard closely related taxonomy classified kinds animals belonging order class mistakenly identified genus plants order algae long time assigned separate animals separate formed rest kingdom classified higher animals evolved divided classes mainly according composition skeletons glass largest rays individual fused main components bodies large numbers cell share single external membrane skeletons form calcium form separate large masses cells single nucleus membrane fibers soft tissues massive external skeletons form calcium cells single nucleus membrane known fossils period 1970s massive calcium skeletons assigned separate class known 1980s found members far scientific publications identified species glass species rest types habitat vertical rock cave walls galleries rock coral investigated little shallow seas use report described use tool western australia attach marine presumably protect searching food sandy sea behavior known observed bay exclusively shown females study concluded mothers teach behavior daughters users closely related suggesting fairly recent innovation humans skeleton calcium genera rough uses genera soft entirely skeletons early europeans soft purposes including helmets portable drinking municipal water filters invention synthetic cleaning tools mid-20th century fishing brought animals industry close extinction diving objects like textures substances derived synthetic include personal household cleaning tools breast typical materials foam foam frequently foam spelled commonly sold use kitchen shower derived animal mainly skeleton compounds medicinal potential presence chemicals control bacteria fungi active compounds lacking protective shell means escape evolved variety unusual compounds class acid derivatives called members family found anti cancer anti anti fungal properties example isolated shown potential cells | Sponge | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
23053_Nemertea | animals known ribbon worms worms alternative names included centimetres long specimen estimated metres slim usually millimeters wide relatively short wide bodies patterns yellow orange red green coloration stomach run little body tip tail mouth little gut cavity runs ends little short rear body species lies inactive turns inside emerge mouth capture animal prey venom muscle pulls attack ends species bodies filter feed ends attach host brain ring positioned near end pair ventral nerve connect brain run length body heads species number pigment cup detect light form image skin lateral vessels joined ends form loop filled fluid heart flow fluid depends muscles vessels body wall filter waste products flame cells embedded lateral fluid vessels remove network pipes outside slowly external surfaces trail larger species use muscular waves crawl swim ventral live open ocean rest find hiding places dozen species inhabit freshwater mainly tropics dozen species live land cool damp places feeding crustaceans species species live inside mantle cavity species devastated commercial fishing crabs predators species sold fish bait species sexes separate freshwater species numerous temporary build temporary sperm emitted sperm ready eggs generally externally species shed water protect eggs ways egg divides spiral grows development fate cell usually predicted predecessors process division embryos taxa develop directly form juveniles like adult smaller form larvae long axis juvenile form developing juvenile gut lies body usually eats remains emerges bodies species fragment readily parts near tail grow bodies suggested fossil species confirmed traditional taxonomy divides classes unarmed little dagger orders armed dagger orders accepted given rise group order closely related order include traditional taxonomy says closely related relatively primitive regarded members large super includes history wrote marine worm apparently metres long width child arm touch hand swell wrote sea long worm wrote formal description animal called current total species described grouped genera named greek sea daughters alternative names included separate closest relatives appear description body structure major unusual animals typical body slim proportion length smallest millimeters long centimetres exceed metre longest animal found metres long specimen usually millimeters wide bodies stretch lot times resting length species reduce length increase width disturbed relatively short wide bodies example centimetres long wide smaller approximately cylindrical larger species flattened visible patterns combinations yellow orange red green layer body cuticle consists containing form cell layer rests basement membrane layers muscles circular longitudinal combinations muscle types vary different classes associated differences movement ventral muscles animals especially larger species inside concentric tubes layers kind tissue species tissue gelatinous mouth ventral little body stomach run little body tip tail gut separated gut cavity runs ends little short rear body class little mouth body class mouth share lined feeding body wall sits inactive muscles wall fluid pressure makes jump inside attack animal prey canal called muscle stretch times inactive length class unarmed exits separate mouth prey sticky toxic attack soon range branched described mass sticky animal draws prey mouth class armed exits common mouth typical member class animal stabs prey times digestive prey partial tissues mouth attached distance end extends expose active containing replace active animal grows active lost instead pad bears tiny animals separate mouth unlike attack contacting prey absorb organic food solution skins long slim bodies advantage suspension feeding found specialized use attach system lack specialized gills occurs surface body long flattened like animals thick body walls use fluid circulation substances bodies system consists peripheral vessels blood invertebrates contained main body cavity fluid moves substances functions fluid skeleton vessels fluid round body provides local circulation vessels system simplest type system lateral vessels joined ends form loop species additional long wise cross wise vessels heart pumping vessels flow fluid depends vessels body wall muscles species circulation intermittent fluid flows long wise vessels fluid vessels usually species contains cells yellow orange green red red type contain carry oxygen function unknown use organs called waste products especially products cellular flame cells filter embedded lateral fluid vessels flame cells remove collecting exit freshwater flame cells marines thousands reason difficult non marine environments nervous system senses central nervous system consists brain paired ventral nerve connect brain run length body brain ring masses nerve cells positioned round near end brains invertebrates species pair nerve species additional paired species dorsal cord species lie skin deeper inside muscle layers central nervous system red pink contains stores oxygen peak activity animal experiences example oxygen free sediments species paired cerebral organs openings outside species organs heads slits head grooves head associated paired cerebral organs thought cerebral organs aiding small pits appear sensors head species number pigment cup detect light form image hundreds tiny species live grains sand sense balance feeds follow prey trails find trail movement slowly use external surfaces trail produced head larger species use muscular waves crawl aquatic species swim ventral species means muscular powerful muscles species active extending sticking object pulling animal object reproduction life cycle larger species break stimulated fragments grow individuals species fragment routinely parts near tail grow bodies reproduce sexually species sexes separate freshwater forms numerous temporary forming row body temporary sperm emitted built sperm ready eggs generally externally species shed water lay tube protect gelatinous strings deep sea species internal viviparous growing embryos female body egg divides spiral grows development fate cell usually predicted predecessors process division embryos taxa develop directly form juveniles like adult smaller form larvae long axis juvenile stage short lived juvenile swimming time eating prey larger microscopic particles members order family form capture algae describes like cap ear flaps pulled gut lies body mouth ear flaps small number discs form developing gut form juvenile fully formed juvenile bursts body usually eats catastrophic species reported having life span months ecological significance marine animals sediments shells stones algae animals live deep open oceans gelatinous bodies build semi permanent lined produce like tubes mainly tropics species appear freshwater dozen species live land cool damp places example rotting logs terrestrial native australia found british isles azores lava tube cave island hawaii build allows avoid transported able build populations quickly new areas terrestrial genus found species widely frankfurt azores feeding crustaceans kill size fish living dead insects known prey terrestrial species generally good distance smell selective prey species live inside mantle cavity feed micro organisms filtered host near san_francisco consumed total egg production host crab considered significant factor collapse crab fishery coastal devastated beds predators include feeding fish sea birds invertebrates including crabs skins deter predators crabs clean eating american south african called respective sold fish bait taxonomy class unarmed includes animals mouth underneath brain order comprises marine species body wall outer circular inner length wise muscles addition circular inner length wise muscles extra muscle layers needed comprises species majority marine freshwater body wall muscles disposed layers alternately circular length wise starting layer order includes strongest swimmers genera branched class armed order mouth located underneath ahead brain main nerve run inside body wall muscles includes seven species live mantle large freshwater hosts filter feed hosts steal food short wide bodies posterior like comprises species live benthic sea water freshwater land feed armed includes species single central use capturing prey includes benthic species pads bear tiny evolutionary history fossil record expect mineral calcium found completely soft bodied expect fossils extremely rare middle fossil classed based resemblance unusual deep sea swimming accept classification fossils evidence suggested age animals northern central illinois fossil preserves outline worm evidence certainty represents doubt meaning includes descendants ancestor member trait shared ancestor descendants groups include located fox barnes treat regard basal contains ancestors recent unarmed represent evolutionary grade comprising armed find haven given rise fox barnes treat clade separate believe active implies synonyms branch tree tiny relationships english language writings conventionally treated primitive closely related pre analyses emphasised shared features multiple cell rod shaped bodies frontal organs body organization cells cells found taxa different structure microscopic scale frontal organs vary lot structure similar structures appear small marine larvae different structure position flame cells usually walls fluid vessels served drains exit small number tubes skin flame cells scattered body rigorous comparisons according recent analyses development embryos outer layer internal organs built derived cells labelled inner derived cell derived cells derived cell produce space gut mainly primarily developed muscles embedded tissue structure similar found larger similar structure body wall muscles embedded tissue widespread animals early cell divisions spiral pattern including ribbon worms members include half extant animal groups animals feed members embryos develop larvae example based molecular phylogeny compares sections organisms dna analyses molecular phylogeny confident members closely related non members relationships members unclear outside members animals include include regarded basal | Nemertea | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
23096_Socorrospringsnail | scientific endangered species minute freshwater gill aquatic family mud tiny previously inhabited small group thermal springs usa survival seriously endangered habitat vulnerable severely threatened current status population habitat area unknown listed endangered governments united_states new_mexico little known general minute size restricted range fact places currently lives private property allows access taxonomy originally described warm springs new_mexico collector date unique sample unknown specimens came collection american essex england pennsylvania likely collected 19th century species formally described named american expert original type description text species officially named described reads follows american zoologist reclassified american assigned members genus including genus description conical shell light tan short words shell low rounded pointed tip shell usually eroded internal reddish brown amber pale height shell body head snout dark gray black color range black dark gray base pale gray tips female larger males male long strip terminal lobe long shorter dorsal strips detailed description reproductive system species provided animal type gill known like respiratory apparatus species tall narrow species genus strong feeding ribbon covered microscopic teeth type seven teeth row middle described detail distribution species endemic central new_mexico southwestern united_states original specimen reportedly came thermal spring near new_mexico extinct type locality date cause extinction uncertain species reported springs disagreement species historically occurred currently known spring spring new_mexico located ecology habitat entirely aquatic occurring low velocity slow moving water near spring sources thermal habitat near hot springs precisely found layer organic substrate surface principal spring source currently found artificially enclosed blocked reduced flowing water habitat small pool tiny spring source remains small improved pool area water temperature species abundant pool found ditches ponds spring irrigation structures found vicinity include colony found occupy source outflow tributary long irrigation ditch found irrigation flow total population spring outflow estimated individuals occurred thermal springs west city living habitats feeding habits species feeds algae materials occur organic film found surface plants debris life cycle females words lay eggs probably deposit eggs spring summer threats limited range precise habitat demands makes species vulnerable habitat loss alteration potential threats species include activities significantly reduce spring flow availability food source supports species alterations springs associated runs cause reduction water flow change water temperature water quality modify habitat food source devastating impact existing populations species extremely limited dispersal capabilities means little ability find disperse suitable habitats habitat conditions changed longer suitable consequently unable avoid unfavorable changes habitat population thought limited single pool area outflow ditch length springs contained eliminated precise habitat critical species survival greatest threat facing species potential loss water flow excessive pumping supplies water springs destroy springs species potential pollution spring negatively impact species cause extinction effects climate change include widespread drought decreased spring discharge change water chemistry newly recognized threat eliminate species conservation state new_mexico listed endangered group march section october fish wildlife service listed species endangered endangered species act extremely limited distribution recovery strategy species foundation maintenance habitat possible additional populations established thermal springs possibility contingent finding springs species presumed historic range physical attributes including terrestrial habitat components requires survive support endemic fauna locality private land access spring denied recent population numbers unknown status habitat unknown magnitude current threats unknown lack cooperation private land owner impacts caused actions specifically identified threat fish wildlife service recommendations actions suggested efforts continue attempt gain access spring access granted recommended life history studies carried monitor population numbers monitored attributes suitable habitat determined qualities like exact nature preferred substrate water temperature limits etc long term monitoring discharge temperature set hand access continues denied recommendation attempt set time visit spring order collect individuals captive population decision implement endangered species act allows authorities acquire land necessary critical habitat conservation listed species felt situation making land public actually expose remaining population greater risk extinction threats vandalism collection unauthorized parties habitat management plan written species directed recovery plan covered species recovery plan date needs revised updated recommended separate plan created | Socorro springsnail | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
23499_Cnidaria | containing species animals found exclusively aquatic freshwater marine environments predominantly marine species distinguishing feature specialized cells use mainly capturing prey bodies consist non living like substance layers cell thick basic body forms swimming symmetrical mouths surrounded bear forms single body cavity species produce colonies single organisms composed like like activities coordinated nerve net simple free swimming species possess balance sensing simple eyes reproduce sexually species having complex life cycles stages sexual stage grouped increasing awareness differences caused placed separate classified main groups wholly sea sea swimming box diverse group includes freshwater marine forms members colonial swimmers portuguese man war recently recognised class right sub group debate closer complex animals prey organisms ranging size animals times larger obtain nutrition algae parasites preyed animals including sea fish turtles form structural foundation coral reefs possess filled algae reef forming entirely restricted warm shallow marine waters found great depths polar regions freshwater fossil found rocks formed million years ago fossils present shortly million years ago million years later fossils build structures rare scientists currently think closely related evolutionary sisters closely related distinguishing features form animal complex complex complex include animals complex cells bound inter cell connections carpet like basement membranes muscles nervous systems sensory organs distinguished animals having fire like mainly capture prey species anchors like main layers cells sandwich middle layer like material called complex animals main cell layers intermediate like layer traditionally labelled type muscle complex animals arises middle cell layer result recent text books classify suggested evolved ancestors description basic body forms adult appear swimming species known alternate forms symmetrical like wheel tube respectively animals heads ends described oral nearest mouth mouth fringes equipped edges generally inner ring mouth consist colonies serve different purposes defense reproduction catching prey usually thin soft usually thick returns original shape muscles edge contracted squeeze water enabling swim sort jet propulsion skeletons supporting structure sea close mouths feeding water digestive cavity acts skeleton like water filled balloon use columns water filled cells support sea calcium tough proteins like colonial gives support protection connecting sections lower parts individual massive calcium collect materials sand grains shell fragments attach colonial sea sediment particles main cell layers animals words main cell layers complex animals having main layers main cell layers form cell thick attached basement membrane like separates layers layer faces known outside skin generally contains following types cells cells bodies form bases extend form muscle fibers parallel rows fibers outward facing cell layer generally run right angles fibers inward facing etc contains muscle cells like cells appear muscle cells nerve cells sensory cells appear muscle cells communicate gaps chemical signals flow motor nerve cells lie bases muscle cells cells replace lost damaged cells transforming appropriate types found bases muscle cells addition nerve cells inward facing stomach skin contains cells digestive species contains low concentrations subdue prey struggling contains small numbers like cells muscle cells species number middle layer cells types lower refers occurrence structurally different types individuals organism characteristic feature particularly forms colonial organisms like colonial individuals arising individuals separate tasks example feeding individuals individuals capable reproduction free living sexually individuals cells function remain connected bodies cells threads types known venom prey usually embedded victims species penetrate victim venom means small sticky hairs thread prey capture instead threads discharged building protective tubes owners live found order tube main components fine hair projects surface acts trigger tough capsule houses thread mixture chemicals include venom derived greek word means tube like extension wall points like finger rubber glove pushed fires finger pops cell finger tip reveals set anchor prey thread extension finger round fires thread usually hollow delivers chemicals target lid end lid single flaps arranged like pie cell body produces parts difficult study firing mechanisms structures small complex proposed rapid fibers round increase internal pressure thread like spring extends rapidly released case sea wasp chemical changes contents cause expand rapidly chemical changes liquid concentrated solution pressure forces water rapidly mechanism observed class producing pressures high similar air tanks fully extending thread little second fire lost capturing shrimp replaced takes hours firing types generally required trigger nearby sensory cells detect chemicals water respond contact combination prevents firing distant non living objects groups usually connected nerves fires rest group requires weaker minimum cells fire swim form jet propulsion muscles especially inside rim bell squeeze water cavity inside bell powers recovery stroke tissue layers thin provide little power swim currents control movement currents sea slowly rocks sea stream beds means like crawling like swim bases nervous system senses brains central nervous systems instead nerve nets consisting sensory generate signals response types motor tell muscles contract intermediate connect forming signal cables intermediate form act local coordination centers detect physical contact nerves inform prey attackers detected neighbouring fire communications nerve cells chemical small gaps chemicals flow process slow ensure muscles round rim bell contract simultaneously swimming control communicate faster electrical signals gap junctions complex swimming colonies sense tilt acceleration means chambers lined hairs detect movements internal mineral grains called body wrong direction animal rights increasing strength swimming movements low species simple eyes detect sources light box unique possess kinds true eyes lenses eyes probably form images clearly distinguish direction light coming negotiate solid colored objects feeding feed ways predation absorbing dissolved organic chemicals food particles water obtaining nutrients algae cells obtain majority food predation including depend completely absorbing dissolved nutrients algae carbon dioxide nutrients place sun protection predators predatory species use poison prey start digestive smell wounded prey makes fold prey mouth round edge bell short prey capture oral arms extensions edge mouth branched increase surface area trap prey suspended food particles swimming upwards spreading oral arms sinking species suspended food particles important oral arms rows beating creates currents flow mouth produce nets trap particles food digestive cavity cells release reduce prey usually hours digestive cavity colonial connecting tunnels cells absorb nutrients absorption hours cells days circulation nutrients driven water currents produced muscular movements nutrients reach parts digestive cavity nutrients reach outer cell layer animals thick transported mobile cells remains prey expelled mouth main waste product cells internal processes removed external internal water currents respiratory organs cell layers absorb oxygen expel carbon dioxide surrounding water water digestive cavity replaced nutrients absorbed expelled grooves allowing pump water digestive cavity opening mouth improves feeding allows animals use cavity skeleton control water pressure cavity food carry opposite problem excess oxygen prove toxic animals produce large quantities excess oxygen regeneration allowing recover injury reproduce limited ability small pieces collections separated cells enables recover apparently destroyed predators reproduction sexual sexual reproduction involves complex life cycle stages example box finds good site grows normally splits horizontally series juvenile process called juveniles swim slowly grow maturity grows continue periodically adults release sperm water breeding season phenomenon succession differently organized generations sexually free swimming called sexual phases confused generations found plants characterized spore producing form producing form shortened forms life cycle common example oceanic stage completely produce variety life cycles stages species remain attached responsible sexual reproduction extreme cases reproductive look like life cycle reversal formed directly involvement sexual reproduction process observed stage responsible sexual reproduction spawning generally driven environmental factors changes water temperature release triggered lighting conditions sunrise sunset phase moon species spawn simultaneously location sperm predators eat tiny percentage famous example great barrier reef non invertebrates produce turn water cloudy mass produce hybrids settle form known long survive species release chemicals attract sperm species eggs develop larvae dividing cells form hollow sphere depression forms end eventually digestive cavity depression forms end yolk animal pole forms end pole larvae called swim crawl means cigar shaped slightly broader end pole end eventually substrate species stage larvae large capable feeding algae help feed parents feeding capabilities extend larvae range avoid sites larvae little yolk lack algae settle quickly instead species rely extend ranges known reproduce means addition fragmented divide middle split middle addition methods split horizontally base reproduction makes daughter clone adult classification long time grouped increasing awareness differences caused placed separate modern generally classified main classes sea sea swimming box diverse group includes freshwater marine forms members colonial swimmers portuguese man war recently recognised class right sub group debate parasitic closely related small stage traditionally classified members recent research suggests regarded separate class microscopic parasites classified recently heavily modified closely related recent research suggests parasite egg cells closely related intermediate animals researchers classify extinct propose form completely separate ecology limited shallow waters depend algae nutrients life cycles stages limited locations offer stable major groups contain species escaped limitations worldwide range live freshwater appears coastal waters oceans form large near surface mid ocean sea sea fans live deep cold waters sea inhabit polar live near sea level reef building limited tropical seas maximum depth temperatures high low carbon dioxide levels usually classified animals live cool arctic waters range size long lion exceed diameter length prey ranges animals times larger parasites mainly major fish obtain algae dissolved nutrients predators include sea incorporate bodies self defense notably crown butterfly fish fish eat marine turtles eat sea relationship fish example clown fish live sea partner protects predators coral reefs form world productive ecosystems common coral reef include hard fire lace algae species effective primary producers words chemicals organic ones organisms use coral hosts use organic chemicals efficiently addition reefs provide complex varied habitats support wide range organisms reefs low tide level mutually beneficial relationship forests high tide level sea grass meadows reefs protect strong currents waves damage sediments rooted protect coral large fresh water additional level variety environment beneficial types coral reef animals example feed sea grass use reefs protection breeding evolutionary history fossil record earliest widely accepted animal fossils modern looking possibly million years ago fossils dated approximately identification embryos animals contested fossils rocks strongly resemble tubes structures presence implies diverged fossil classified sea pen recent study growth patterns modern cast doubt hypothesis leaving canadian body fossil fossils skeletons known recent rocks preserved soft bodied animals fossils resemble found rocks period early wiped extinction million years ago dominate reef construction algae played major era main reef builders wiped cretaceous extinction event million years ago main reef builders family tree difficult reconstruct early stages evolutionary family tree animals morphology shapes structures large differences plus complex animals comparisons difficult rely largely entirely molecular groups organisms according similarities differences usually dna generally thought calcium closely related complex animals groups proposed closely related formed group called hollow rely flow water single cavity feeding proposed closely related shared features lack example muscles middle layer recent analyses indicate similarities vague current view based molecular closely related grouping labelled suggests earliest similar larvae sea regarded sister group rest suggests earliest stage unclear groups acquired stage form splitting tip traditional grouping included morphology molecular indicate closely related box similarities double body walls extinct suggest closely related position nearest beginning family tree implies closely related supported fact share genes determine main axes body suggested simplified descendants animals stage muscle arises commit evolved early ancestors molecular analyses onwards important groups developmental genes variety fact especially sea retain genes present bacteria plants fungi mitochondrial unlike animals linear fragmented genes reason difference unknown interaction humans killed people 20th century particularly dangerous hand large considered east southeast_asia coral reefs long economically important providers fishing grounds shore buildings currents tides recently centers tourism vulnerable fishing mining construction materials pollution damage caused tourism beaches protected tides storms coral reefs best places housing tropical countries reefs important food source low technology fishing reefs adjacent seas despite great productivity reefs vulnerable fishing organic carbon produce carbon dioxide organisms middle levels food chain reaches larger species interest fishermen tourism centered reefs provides income tropical islands attracting photographers divers sports fishermen human activities damage reefs ways mining construction materials pollution including large fresh water storm drains commercial fishing including use dynamite fish capture young fish tourist damage caused boat anchors cumulative effect walking reefs coral mainly pacific_ocean long jewellery demand rose sharply 1980s large species order commonly consumed japan korea southeast_asia parts range fishing industry restricted daylight hours calm conditions short seasons march august november commercial value food products depends skill prepared masters guard trade secrets carefully low cheap preparation introduce undesirable amounts heavy metals sea wasp described world held responsible deaths difficult identify animal transparent cause mild symptoms seven box cause set symptoms called syndrome takes minutes develop hours weeks disappear hospital treatment usually required deaths books london isbn der der fischer isbn barnes invertebrates synthesis oxford 3rd edition chapter isbn invertebrates mass 2nd edition chapter isbn food ancient world moore introduction invertebrates cambridge chapter isbn und fischer isbn der berlin 5th edition isbn journal articles bridge mitochondrial dna structure molecular phylogeny recent classes proceedings bridge class level relationships molecular morphological evidence molecular biology evolution oxford reproduction online new biology online phylogenetic analysis und hamburg berlin developmental physiology online parasites review higher level recent morphological molecular phylogenetic analyses archived original retrieved | Cnidaria | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
23636_Caenorhabditiselegans | free living parasitic transparent length lives temperate soil environments blend greek recent rod like latin elegant initially named placed subgenus raised status genus lacks respiratory system possesses gut brilliant blue wave seen death death majority males specialised tails mating include proposed research primarily area development began research molecular developmental biology extensively model organism organism organism completed anatomy symmetrical cuticle tough outer covering main fluid filled body cavity organ systems larger animals thousand individuals male rest basic anatomy includes mouth cuticle like respiratory system bands muscles run length body connected system allows muscles animal body dorsal bending ventral bending left right head muscle wired independently wave dorsal ventral muscle proceeds animal animal propelled backwards wave initiated proceeds body animal propelled forwards dorsal ventral bias body bends normal living moving individual tends lie left right observed crossing horizontal surface set ridges lateral sides body cuticle believed animal added traction bending motions muscular food pump head triangular cross section food transports directly set valve cells connects valve operates understood contents released direct connection exists canal functions release liquid males single tail specialized mating incorporates single numerous gut present functions fully known aspects despite years studied gut found orders similar feature acidic interior capacity considerably larger reinforcing view storage remarkable feature observed light react intense blue phenomenon seen termed death worms die dramatic burst blue emitted death typically takes place anterior posterior wave moves seen young old worms subjected lethal injury peacefully dying old age theories functions gut earlier ones eliminated later findings thought store functions recent chemical analysis identified blue material contain form acid need large amounts gut contain questioned possibility defense invading possibility provide bursts conversion damaging light relatively harmless visible light seen possible link containing reproduction development cells arise single cell called cell established early cell divides generate cells divide hatching considered specialized form self fertile female female produces male lays eggs internal environmental conditions favourable reproduction hatched larvae develop stages designated conditions stressed food enter alternative stage called state german permanent larvae stress resistant thin mouths sealed food remain stage months produce sperm stage sperm arm produce sperm cells stored area pushes sperm chamber sperm male use male sperm types sperm stored sperm lacking self wild type worm lay eggs male number exceed laboratory strain average lifespan weeks generation time days fixed genetically determined number cells phenomenon known male example cells number change cell division end period growth solely increase size individual cells pairs pair sex sex based sex determination system matched pair sex rare males sex ecology different species occupy bacteria rich environments feed bacteria develop decaying organic matter soil lacks organic matter support self sustaining populations survive diet variety kinds bacteria wild ecology largely unknown laboratory strains taken artificial environments gardens piles recently found thrive kinds organic matter particularly rotting fruit invertebrates insects transport larvae suitable locations larvae seen feed hosts die survive mechanism capability demonstrated late abundant proteins eaten predator including insects research use proposed model organism investigation primarily development animals simplest organisms nervous system system comprises pattern mapped known shown small world network research explored molecular mechanisms control behaviors including learning memory mating behaviour chose easy grow bulk populations convenient genetic analysis organism simple studied great detail transparency study cellular developmental processes intact organism male clearly distinguish males females strains cheap breed frozen subsequently remain viable allowing long term storage notable findings developmental fate single cell adult adult male mapped patterns cell lineage largely individuals mammals cell development dependent cellular cues embryo cell divisions early best understood examples cell divisions programmed cell death additional cells contributed genes cell death promoting genes single cell death identified interference relatively straightforward method disrupting function specific genes function gene allow researcher possible function soaked injected fed genetically transformed bacteria express double stranded interest sequence sequence gene researcher wishes disable emerged powerful tool study functional gene functions report claims promise future findings systematic genetic interactions environmental worse species worms genus body cavity animal gene species related bacteria eat ability mapped single gene inserted species allows research considerably simplified cell nucleus given position moves stage early phase extremely resistant radiation resistance depends expression genes key roles repair gene plays crucial role repair dna damage study frequency natural populations showed predominant mode reproduction events occur rate result unlikely contribute significantly beneficial genetic provide benefit repair dna damages arise especially conditions dependence studied exhibits responses parallel mammals responses include acute response tolerance withdrawal model organisms scientists work field dedicated online database attempts published information related website advertised reward new species closely related discovery research opportunities worm model organism research example like growth factor signaling shown increase adult lifespan extensive research identified binding proteins essential factors early development notable animal sleep studies primitive organism display sleep like states phase occurs shortly research news specimens discovered survived space shuttle columbia disaster february later january live samples announced spending weeks october space research project explore effects zero gravity muscle development physiology research primarily genetic basis muscle relates bed ridden descendants worms aboard columbia launched space mission organism sequence published small gaps present gap finished october million base pairs long consists mitochondrial gene density gene base pairs regions genes arranged clusters unclear currently known include notably primitive organisms likely shown contains estimated protein genes genes human remarkably human genes shown repeatedly replace introduced conversely genes function similarly genes number known genes increased greatly discovery new class genes believed contain genes scientific continue set known genes new gene models continue added incorrect ones modified removed sequence related determined allowing researchers study comparative organisms sequences genus named studied shotgun technique sequences completed reference sequence continues change new evidence reveals errors original changes minor adding removing base pairs dna example release april added base pairs sequence extensive changes noted release december added region sequence scientific community nobel prize physiology medicine awarded work organ development programmed cell death nobel prize physiology medicine awarded discovery interference shared nobel prize chemistry work green protein research involved use scientists research closely connect research field began 1970s worked researcher lab lab previously worked worked lab later established worm research creating fairly documented lineage scientists recorded database detail international worm meeting | Caenorhabditis elegans | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
24346_Scaly-footgastropod | foot common foot species deep sea vent marine family vent endemic known deep sea indian_ocean found depths differs greatly deep sea closely related shell unique construction layers outer layer consists iron middle layer equivalent organic found layer foot unusual armored iron houses appears obtain species considered peculiar deep sea vent known extant animal incorporates iron skeleton shell heart speaking unusually large animal heart comprises approximately body volume taxonomy species discovered april referred foot terms scientific referred formally described sense international code nomenclature named type specimens stored london time incorrect spelling variant type species sole species genus generic ancient greek language means golden haired compound occurring shell golden color specific latin language means scale bearing known family species belonged classified species family molecular analyses based sequences genes confirmed placement species dark locality white section explanation different colored appear simply varieties species according results genetic analysis distribution foot vent endemic known deep sea indian_ocean metres depth species discovered living bases black vent field north triple point species subsequently found field central indian ridge mauritius aka dragon field southwest indian ridge field designated type locality type material originated vent field distance distance mainly know live vent fields occurrence foot indian_ocean suggests relationship vent areas research expeditions included expedition ship discovered vent field foot found time vent field discovered indian_ocean expedition research vessel discovered foot vent field expedition discovered vent field expedition discovered field sampled foot expedition visually observed foot vent field expedition sampled vent field description species sides foot extremely unusual armoured hundreds iron composed iron soft tissue core cover layer containing prior discovery foot thought extant possessing scale like structures classes foot found potentially analogous recently detailed morphological analysis testing hypothesis carried mainly complex protein contrast mainly visible growth lines cross sections extant extinct possess dermal extant animal known use iron way skeleton size adults population white instead black lack iron overlapped manner reminiscent roof tiles purpose speculated protection help protect vent fluid bacteria live close source electron donors alternatively result deposition toxic waste represent novel solution true function unknown population layer iron surprisingly non iron showed greater mechanical strength structure point bending stress test life external surfaces host diverse array bacteria probably provide organic compounds facilitate attachment bacteria shell shell species shape shell compressed shell sculpture consists ribs fine growth lines shape elliptical apex shell fragile adults large compared majority species usually millimetres shell length width shell maximum shell reaches millimetres average shell adult average shell width population slightly population height shell width height shell unusual shell structure consists layers outer layer thick black iron containing feature makes extant animal known far employs material skeleton middle layer equivalent organic found thick brown layer thick form calcium commonly found shells color layer white shell layer appears contribute effectiveness defence different ways middle organic layer appears absorb mechanical strain energy generated attack example claws crab making shell tougher organic layer acts dissipate heat features composite material focus researchers possible use civilian military protective applications species shape changes growth rounded shape juveniles curved shape adults relative size decreases individuals grow half adult species possess rear animal likely gradually grow fully cover foot protection loses protective function animal grows external anatomy foot thick snout blunt end mouth circular ring muscles contracted closed smooth thick base gradually fine point tips eyes specialised foot red large withdraw foot entirely shell pedal foot internal anatomy soft parts animal occupy approximately interior shell shell muscle shaped large divided parts left right connected narrower attachment mantle edge thick simple distinctive features mantle cavity deep reaches posterior edge shell left cavity dominated large ventral mass body cavity occupied huge extends fill ventral floor mantle cavity digestive system simple reduced typical volume weak type single pair formula ribbon long wide width length ratio approximately jaw anterior rapidly expands huge blind ended occupies ventral face mantle cavity estimated body volume uniform texture highly fine blood vessels stomach anterior right connecting digestive consolidated stomach probably produced way hydrogen reduced single loop extensive digestive extends posterior filling shell apex shell penetrate heart passes ventral located right opening system central tending right body thin dark layer tissue anterior ventral digestive contact dorsal respiratory system system consist single left gill large body volume supported extensive blood filled blood material prominent feature body cavity thin gill extends far heart upper shell larger species similar shell shape general form proportional size largest gill genera investigated far provides oxygen system enlarged scope similar vent gill gill probably facilitate oxygen low oxygen conditions typical vent ecosystems posterior remarkably large developed heart heart unusually large animal based volume single heart complex represents approximately body volume example heart humans body volume giant heart primarily blood supplies highly housed isolated vent fluid host likely play major role supplying necessary chemicals leading increased respiratory needs detailed investigation reveal information respiratory foot hosts enlarged appears rely nutrition species size orders magnitude larger usual size significant blood pressure likely decreases zero elaborate system likely evolved oxygen poor environment supply hydrogen set genes required probably capable switching efficient efficient depending oxygen availability foot complete known previously thought species enlarged later discovered species enlarged nervous system large brain solid mass nervous system reduced complexity enlarged size compared taxa typical nervous system composed anterior nerve ring pairs longitudinal nerve ventral pair foot dorsal pair forming twist frontal nerve ring large connecting lateral huge fused mass directly adjacent passes bacteria housed large nerves projecting sensory organs foot include surrounded single sensory tip gill known present present reproductive system unusual features adult inside shell head foot region right body adults possess different levels development placed placed lies packaging organ initially separate apparently fuse single emerge single opening right mantle cavity animal organ derived strategy housing catalyst innovations serve primarily improve fitness bacteria needs great protective dermal highly enlarged respiratory systems high considered adaptations beneficial adaptations appear result resolve energetic needs extreme environment ecology habitat species inhabits vent fields indian_ocean lives adjacent acidic reducing vent fluid walls black chimneys directly flow sites depth field varies dimensions approximately slope field substrate rock depleted mid ocean ridge field foot live low temperature single chimney transitional zone found width temperature preferred water temperature species live environment high concentrations hydrogen low concentrations oxygen abundance foot lower field field vent community consists taxa including sea crustaceans genus unidentified unidentified foot live colonies colonies field depth dimensions approximately substrate rock enriched mid ocean ridge foot live near high temperature chimneys vent field abundance foot lower field vent community comprises taxa including sea crustaceans type genus fish genus unidentified unidentified vent field depth densely populated areas immediately surrounding flow vent community include sea usually dominant vent fields recorded vent field feeding habits foot probably filter nutrition foot entire post life probably depends bacteria provide nutrition currently unclear species uses mechanisms feeding example known uses eating normal food identification interactions habitat direct observation feeding habits complicated measured carbon nitrogen stable compositions depleted values relatively derived organic carbon presumed source carbon origin stable carbon confirmed life cycle simultaneous species family far known simultaneous high lays eggs probably type eggs foot negative atmospheric pressure larvae known thought species dispersal stage smallest juvenile specimens collected shell length results statistical analyses revealed genetic populations fields suggesting potential vent fields population represents potential source population populations difficult alive artificial environment survived atmospheric pressure weeks | Scaly-foot gastropod | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
25228_Bryozoa | known commonly moss animals aquatic animals typically millimetres long filter food particles water retractable crown lined marine species live tropical waters occur oceanic trenches found polar waters class lives variety freshwater environments members marine class prefer water living species known genus solitary rest colonial originally called term superseded group animals discovered subsequently mechanism looked similar included groups noted different internally recently discovered group given original called remained widely term group individuals colonies called fully independent animals colonies contain responsible feeding colonies classes types non feeding specialist eggs classes special defense colony class largest number species possibly widest range specialist species slowly defensive legs supply nutrients non feeding channels vary classes including solitary species consist provides body wall produces contains internal organs specialist extensions special organs scrapped waste products usually body wall grows replacement gut shaped mouth inside crown outside colonies variety forms including fans bushes sheets produce form single layered sheets surfaces freshwater species simultaneous marine species function males females colonies contain combination male female stages species sperm water release water capture sperm internally species larvae large feed quickly settle surface produce larvae little yolk swim feed days settling settling larvae undergo radical destroys internal tissues freshwater species produce lie dormant conditions favorable enables colony lineage survive severe conditions kill mother colony predators marine include sea fish sea crustaceans freshwater preyed insects fish thailand populations freshwater species wiped introduced species fast growing invasive northeast northwest coasts usa reduced forests affected local fish populations spread diseases fish farms fishermen chemicals extracted marine species investigated treatment cancer disease analyses encouraging skeletons appear rocks early period making major appear fossil record led researchers suspect arisen earlier initially differed significantly modern forms early fossils mainly erect forms forms gradually dominant uncertain evolutionary relationships unclear partly scientists view family tree animals mainly influenced better known morphological molecular phylogeny analyses disagree relationships grouped considered description distinguishing features strain food water means crown hollow form colonies consisting clones called typically millimetres long resemble centimetres long grow form colonies consisting clones generally thought closely related distinguished having shells like internal cavity lined colonies look like small colonies founded round shaped like normal species hand founding coral shape like daughter coral filter look like like feeding structure solid lies inside outside base crown types colonial genus individual members colony millimetres long known fully independent animals colonies contain feeding known groups contain non feeding specialist colony members genetically identical operate like organs larger animals type grows colony determined chemical signals colony response scent predators rival colonies bodies types main parts consists body wall type organic protein mineral calcium body wall consists basal mat non cellular material tissue muscles lines main body cavity class split separate layers inner forming sac freely contains outer attached body wall sac main body known situated entirely contains nervous system digestive system specialized muscles feeding apparatus specialized organs place feeding apparatus known moss animals currently contain known species different species come form colony attach different kind rock surfaces shells algae species abundant population known attach boats piers docks species thought slow ship attached hull species chemical compounds medicine common species anti cancer drug currently testing feeding common type feeding bears crown hollow called captures food particles water colonies large percentage consist entirely engage reproduction basic shape crown circle class crown appears shaped impression created deep rim crown gap fringe sides bear fine hairs called beating drives water current tips bases exits food particles trapped inner surfaces convey particles mouth lies center base crown method known upstream collecting food particles captured pass field creates feeding current method mouth mounted flexible tube called turned inside withdrawn like finger rubber glove position lies inside folded like umbrella withdrawn pair muscles anchored far end sensors tips check signs danger fully extended extension driven increase internal fluid pressure species flexible produce contracting circular muscles lie inside body wall species sac use circular muscles squeeze species rigid flexible membrane replaces transverse muscles anchored far increase fluid pressure pulling membrane gap protective skeleton transverse muscles pull flexible sac connected water outside small expansion sac increases pressure inside body pushes species retracted protected lid closed muscles opened fluid pressure class hollow lobe called mouth gut shaped running mouth center animal interior located outside usually network strands called little ropes connects covering gut lining body wall wall strand surrounds space filled fluid thought blood colony connected enabling share food non feeding method connection varies different classes ranging large gaps body walls small pores nutrients passed nerve ring round throat serves brain nerves run ring rest body specialized sense organs act sensors members genus grow sun able detect light colonies species signals transmitted nerves pass pores body walls coordinate activities feeding solitary individuals pear shaped bodies wider ends short muscular projections animals anchor sand gravel pull sediments authorities use term refer type replaced extension serves protective function restrict term defend colony snapping invaders small predators killing biting species snapping mounted stalk bird like appearance responsible term described like head vulture miniature seated neck capable movement placed upside lower jaws modified versions protect retracted species snapped shut like similar muscles shaped upper jaw inverted body wall species stationary box like laid normal way modified body wall types modified opened muscles attach internal muscles raise fluid pressure pulling flexible membrane actions snapping controlled small highly modified located inside mouth bear short sensory appear positions place fit small gaps small occur surfaces regarded type modified form long wide range motion function defenses predators invaders species form mobile colonies edges legs walking types colonial greek meaning consist body wall strands crossing interior species form stems branching structures act enable colonies grow quickly new direction form defensive spines appear act brood chambers eggs species miniature small single grow body walls degenerated colony forms composition microscopic colonies range size centimeter meter majority centimeters shapes colonies vary widely depend pattern grow variety present type skeletal material marine species bush like fan like supported branches formed feeding growing colonies types generally look like small producing heavy lime skeletons species form colonies consist sheets sheets form leaves genus structures resemble open head common marine form layer sheet spreads hard surface colonies grow centimeters contain species generally reinforced calcium openings outer surface moss like appearance colonies responsible words meaning moss meaning animal large colonies species chimneys gaps canopy swiftly expel water avoid water exhausted formed patches non feeding new chimneys appear near edges expanding colonies points speed outflow high change position water flow changes freshwater species mass gelatinous material meter diameter stick freshwater species plant like shapes branches stand erect spread surface species centimeters day colony grows single known round shaped like normal occurs tips branches forms structure colonies grow round edges species fully grown colony range years short lived species pass generations season species produce defensive threats appeared hours theory induced defenses suggests production defenses expensive colonies defend early heavily reduced growth rates minute approach defense feasible loss single attack unlikely significant colonies species produce special limit expansion organisms especially cases response opposition smaller suggests edge colony sense size opponent species consistently prevail certain turf wars combatants soon turn growing areas competing territory use sophisticated techniques employed possibly makes heavy investment turf wars contributed marine life period responsibility colony forms evolved different taxonomic groups vary sediment producing ability basic colony forms include dome shaped robust branching delicate branching articulated free living sediments come distinct groups colonies delicate branching robust branching colonies generate rough particles sediment components coral reefs delicate colonies create coarse sediment form deep water nearly sediments growth forms addition free living colonies include significant numbers colonies contrast post generated sediment varying widely size grains grow moved mud sand gravel taxonomy originally called soon replaced term originally applied animals known lies outside crown based ancient greek prefix meaning outside word meaning discovery lies crown based ancient greek prefix meaning inside word meaning level include classes regarded groups distinct variety reasons coined despite apparently similar methods feeding differed markedly addition different positions hollow solid groups widely regarded separate synonymous remained majority view publications preferred notable scientists continued regard close relatives group ambiguity scope led proposals 1960s 1970s avoided term change harder find older works called desire avoid ambiguity applied consistently classifications necessitated renaming lower level groups practice naming split merged groups animals complex completely consistent works names resolve ambiguity including approach work common moss animals based greek moss animals refers appearance species recently known misunderstood type species belonging family taylor modern research experiments low vacuum scanning electron type material critically examine revise taxonomy genera belonging family including method permits data obtained difficult recognize optical microscope valid type species found interpretation establishing type species corresponds general usage genus believed previously suggested shows similarities considered junior synonym recently distinguished modern method low vacuum scanning past new genus recently discovered called family relatively new species classification diversity counts formally described species range especially greatest numbers species possibly wide range specialist system classification convenient way label groups organisms living members divided fossil record fossils species found dominant groups fossils oldest species skeleton occurs likely appeared earlier entirely soft bodied fossils record appearance skeletons stage early period million years ago modern orders present order appeared million years ago early fossils represent forms significantly different original members soft tissue known types filter appeared time suggests change environment favorable lifestyle fossils order appear million years ago abundant diverse cretaceous present evidence compiled million years consistently grew territorial struggles help explain replaced dominant marine marine fossils era ended million years ago mainly erect forms fairly equally divided erect forms recent ones predominantly fossils soft freshwater rare appear late began million years ago consist entirely known fossils freshwater members classes evolutionary family tree scientists divided group include single ancestor species descendants closest relatives family tree animals regarded members major groups account moderately complex animals traditional view group class closely related classes appear earliest fossil record molecular phylogeny study focused concluded closely related especially species colonial classes implies sub group standard definition molecular phylogeny study combination genes cell nucleus concluded words includes descendants common ancestor analysis concluded classes determine closely related traditionally divided soft bodied analysis considered likely orders skeletons probably evolved early relationships uncertain controversial traditional phylogeny based anatomy development adult forms embryos produced enduring consensus position attempts reconstruct family tree animals largely ignored minor received little scientific study generally tiny relatively simple body plans little impact human economies despite fact minor include variety evolutionary history animals opinion standard interpretation morphology construct resulting years attempts single framework invertebrates takes little account peculiar features internal organs destroyed adult form adult organs built organs including gut built embryos outer wall gut disappears new point gut grows formed processes form wall gut separate tissue gut body wall splits forming paired molecular phylogeny attempts work evolutionary family tree organisms comparing especially genes clarify relationships better known shortage genetic data minor left relationships groups unclear discovered 19th century regarded classes groups animals filter fed means crown bore onwards increasing awareness differences including position inside feeding structure difference early pattern division cells embryos caused scientists regard groups separate alternative outside feeding organ series molecular phylogeny studies concluded sister groups known maintain developmental grounds member molecular phylogeny study supported old idea conclusions agreed analyses grouped super called 1970s comparisons larvae produced suggestions colonial evolved semi colonial species assigned renamed use filter feeding majority scientists accept thinks similarities superficial usually defined animals shaped gut nielsen opinion like members bear cells multiple corresponding cells cell canal blood vessel grouping correct issue traditional view mix features research 1970s onwards suggested features thought characteristic radial spiral development embryo formation larvae shows sign division sections adult different built destroyed molecular phylogeny analyses onwards variety evidence techniques placed closely related super called total evidence analyses morphological features relatively small set genes came conclusions favoring close relationship study larger set genes concluded closer instead concluded formed group closest supporting original definition major exclusively animals colonial colonies units known thrive colonies colonial growth allows develop variations form despite small number basic growth forms found commonly reappeared history phylogenetic position remains uncertain remains certain belong specifically implies supported similarity larvae type larvae zone expanded cover study mitochondrial dna sequence suggests related physiology feeding species filter small particles mainly microscopic floating plants water freshwater species feeds green algae non bacteria small microscopic crustaceans currents generate draw food mouth understood exact method capture debated species flick larger particles mouth capture animals addition surface area increased small hairs absorb organic compounds dissolved water unwanted particles away shut closing mouth study showed erect colonies fed quickly grew faster gentle strong currents species stomach forms muscular lined teeth crush armored prey wave like food stomach final section stomach lined minute hairs pass little organs thought body wall complex waste products accumulate weeks old recycled remains large mass dying cells containing accumulated compressed brown body complete outer animal produces new brown body remains stomach new expelled time animal circulation respiratory organs heart blood vessels instead absorb oxygen eliminate carbon dioxide accomplish use thin membrane case located outer different groups use methods share nutrients oxygen large gaps body walls allowing fluid freely internal little ropes adjacent connect small pores body wall reproduction life cycles species simultaneous marine species words function males females colonies contain combination male female stages species develop inside body wall connecting stomach body wall eggs sperm released sperm exit water pores tips captured feeding currents producing eggs species eggs externally released cases tip small projection called organ base pair internally organ mother provides brood chamber eggs providing embryo produce specialized serve brood chambers eggs divide produce identical embryos eggs words early stages symmetrical unknown forms adult destroys internal tissues animals opening surface early embryo tunnels form gut closes new opening develops create mouth larvae vary form band round body enables swim sac anchors settle surface species produce larvae little yolk developed mouth gut live considerable time settling larvae triangular shells corner base open forming hood round downward facing mouth reported larvae use range techniques adults capture food species brood embryos form larvae large gut feed larvae quickly settle surface marine species larvae produce completely settling lining internal tissues converted food reserve developing ready feed larvae produce multiple new colony starts species founder grow new colonies clones die producing clones living found round edges colony reproduce method enables colony lineage survive variable uncertain conditions freshwater environments summer autumn produce disc shaped masses cells function survival pods like form connected parent gut grow develop protective like shells mature stick parent colony fall contain air spaces enable float remain parent build colony dies remain dormant considerable periods dormant survive harsh conditions freezing transported long distances animals floating vegetation currents winds larger animals conditions improve shell separate cells inside develop tries form new colony produces enable lineage control good territory hard times parent colonies spread new sites new colonies produce mainly mature ones switch study estimated group colonies patch measuring square metre produced capable sexual reproduction sexually colonies result growing adult stage colonies result fragment colony growing colony different forms reproduction achieved variety methods depending morphology classification ecology habitats distribution marine species live tropical waters depths metres found deep sea trenches especially cold near poles great majority forms shallow seas erect forms common depth increases marine species species forms floating colonies reported dominant species parts antarctica global warming increased rate species particularly adept areas live types freshwater environment lakes ponds rivers streams abundant freshwater animals exclusively freshwater prefer water survive freshwater scientists knowledge freshwater populations parts world incomplete parts europe long thought freshwater species occurred worldwide split localized species species typically residing hard natural stone including limited grains shells rocks sediment found freshwater type marine majority develop marine landscapes uncommon colonies grow sediment solid pseudo rock formations native oceans making cosmopolitan species generally associated term colonies hard substance phase physically capable term colony literally stems word clones colonies grow thousands individual relatively short period time colonies grow reproduction colonies started sexual reproduction colonies grow large split case reproduction results new colony separate predecessor colonies stationary colonies tend settled substances sediment coarse substances fact colonies predominantly reside freshwater able new movement extremely slow maximum meter hour demands energy interactions non human organisms marine species common coral reefs seldom significant proportion total temperate waters skeletons dead colonies form significant component shell live ones abundant areas marine lace like produces spines response predation species sea predators marine include fish sea crustaceans general marine eat masses pieces colonies breaking houses predators eat individual freshwater important filter freshwater attacked predators including insects fish thailand introduced species golden apple generally destructive wiped populations appeared common freshwater devastating effect indigenous feed species family relationships beneficial parasitic modifications appear shapes example smaller roots protects predation powerful rock shells stronger reinforcement chemical defenses produced probably significant offshore species generally growing attached gravel hard substrate formed non relationship crabs species resulting egg size structures known shell colonies form skeletal produce spherical extend living chamber crab tubular growth species group found cause kidney disease fatal fish severely reduced wild fish populations europe north_america colonies feed grow exceptionally fast wide range current speeds noticed quickly abundant organism living invasion reduced population breaking place dominant vegetation areas taken large fragile changes reduced area habitat available local fish invertebrates invaded northwest coast freshwater species found thousands kilometers native ranges transported naturally probably spread humans example imported water plants ships interaction humans fish farms lost stock kidney disease apparently caused fishermen north_sea find work form skin disease known caused contact stuck nets marine responsible ships hulls docks offshore structures new recently cleaned structures freshwater species occasional water pipes drinking water equipment sewage treatment facilities cooling pipes power stations group chemicals called extracted marine company licensed commercial development treatment cancer canceled development saying showed little effectiveness toxic effects january clinical trial submitted measure safety effectiveness treatment disease participants recruited end december study scheduled completion processed extract result synthetic developed simpler produce apparently effective | Bryozoa | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
25409_Milleporaalcicornis | sea species colonial fire coral skeleton found shallow water coral reefs tropical west atlantic_ocean shows variety different depending location feeds derives energy requirements found tissues important member reef building community subject threats cause painful divers taxonomy true coral class class closely related growth habit coral exhibits subject confusion taxonomy described number different names different decided variations morphology environmental factors valid species conclusion questioned species described type locality unknown scientific comes latin meaning thousand meaning likely type locality fact west_indies explaining wrote resist remark thing certain forms resemblance horn west_indies description morphology variable colonies probably start forms adopt branching structure grow established variety structures coral reefs rocks dead hulls wrecked ships later development form plates blades habitats water movement surf outer edges reefs waters deep sheltered parts reef upright branched structure develops grow centimetres tall habit growth influenced surface fire coral grows vertical surfaces bases larger longer density branching lower horizontal surfaces cylindrical branches usually grow single plane span range brown pale cream like yellow branch tips white embedded skeleton numerous microscopic connected internally system canals concealed pores skeleton surface smooth lacks true specialist functions processing food caught grouped small extend pores invisible covered item prey thrust mouth adjacent passes stomach material skeleton composed contains certain called organisms provide hosts energy return benefit protective environment lit position fire coral energy requirements provided distribution found caribbean_sea gulf_of_mexico florida coast far south brazil found bermuda morphology location different rest range distinct species grows depths metres fire coral grows depths greater metres biology feeds normally extended time object coral cause coral handled experiencing painful caused reproduction sexual means parts coral detached colony storm means fragments end suitable locations grow new colonies genetically identical parent colony probably frequent method reproduction alternatively certain pores called contain short lived like separate colony produce develop larvae drift currents settling developing new colonies ecology number species shrimp fish refuge branches seemingly immune venom particular perch fire coral protected pectoral fins predators prefers certain genus eat family found grows close proximity sea fan fire coral aggressive produces attack branches grow sideways sea fan develop hand like structures fire coral uses substrate new growth new growth gets separated parent colony new colony fire coral formed genetically identical original aggressive action specific happen response close presence live dead invertebrates open water fire coral able detect presence result water flowing surfaces threats true coral subject general threats coral reefs facing greatest global warming consequent rise sea temperatures killed established recruitment earlier general threats reefs include ocean pollution invasive species changes species dynamics coral diseases fisheries leisure activities tourism small quantities gathered sale collectors human interactions powerful sting human skin venom causes painful burning sensation skin investigated water protein provides median lethal dose mice weighing grams commercial uses kept reef requires high water movement bright light flourish health judged colour yellow showing health darker brown colour indicate little light difficult control grows fast spreads objects tank | Millepora alcicornis | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
25955_Chittenangoovateambersnail | amber amber scientific species small air breathing land family amber species discovered reported years later subspecies oval taxonomic reviews took place subsequent decades end 1980s amber finally judged distinct species based chemical morphological data amber endemic area new_york united_states population species falls state park central new_york believed broader range previously based fossil records authors argue distribution species wider past opposition authors argue impossible identify species based fossil records allow examination shell features shell features species particular family usually distinctive small average length adult individuals delicate shell deep shell translucent varies color pale yellow white glossy surface internal organs animal distinguished shell outer surface visible soft parts animal pale yellow color different markings distinct stages development studies ecology amber fairly recent species lives fresh spray zone partially areas lush growth parameters appear influential habitat selection humidity substrate temperature vegetation water quality species mating season july lays egg clusters containing average eggs base plants vegetation loose wet soil maturity reached months life span roughly years predators include insects amphibians mammals birds occasionally time discovery attempts estimate population size species results varied greatly recent ones suggest reduced number individuals coupled restricted distribution led listing endangered threatened species humans frequently invade habitat disturbances greatly reduced measures recent efforts conservation include extant population size maintaining captive populations taxonomy discovered falls august field party reported discovery describing subspecies widely distributed amber referred publications placed subgenus considered merely form citing similarities shell differences possibly marked genetic considered distinct species external morphological differences color shell shape found falls sampling analyses found locations approximately kilometers individuals assigned appeared divided color gray relatively common widespread falls red restricted base falls preliminary analysis stated red gray distinct species possibly separate genera examined specimens gray assigned introduced possibly europe appears crowd species subsequently completed thorough analysis based shell morphology internal anatomy falls divided genera keeping old world genus new world section including genus level determined old world probably species complex gray closely related distinct species designated factors species designation considered valid species observed red gray bringing question earlier separation truly represented taxonomic currently considered species present falls king unpublished data region mitochondrial dna region nuclear dna results sequence divergence percent suggest large differences species observed distribution verified extant colony type population miles north towns new_york times past species thought broader range date potentially suitable colony sites searched colony identified outside falls area summer sub fossil shells appeared found banks west near falls pleistocene deposits originally described baker fact shells species widely distributed pleistocene shell specimens recorded deposits states arkansas illinois iowa michigan missouri nebraska ontario questioned assignment fossil shell deposits species group mapped location extant populations include new_york west_virginia virginia tennessee north_carolina fossil records iowa illinois missouri arkansas davis concluded verified extant population impossible verify fossil records based shell characteristics description shell slender acute moderate thickness shell deep gently convex compressed long slightly half shell length oblique shell color pale yellow white surface somewhat glossy marked growth lines size varies somewhat adult specimens type lot averaged millimeters shell length adult specimens measured summer ranged measure shell length average measurements ranged base color living animal pale yellow mantle kidney visible shell slightly obscured thickness shell dorsal surface mantle pale yellow olive marked black streaks golden yellow marked gray black spots streaks dark marking posterior surface foot distinctive mark present making impossible identify field mark obvious reaches approximately length ecology recently relatively little known biology amber studies investigators contributed base knowledge biology life history analyzed population dynamics falls investigated ecology developed techniques captive propagation reported captive population associated field studies related factors influencing distribution identification affected results work time study initiated identification problems resolved habitat survives presumably prefers cool partially areas lush growth spray zone falls habitat lies base foot tall formed creek flows north origin north south oriented forms deep gorge shaded partially shaded growing season resulting stays relatively cool summer creek flow ice formations relatively warm winter compared surrounding area spring periodic major rainfall events tend remove vegetation significant portions primary habitat reported found sloping near foot falls sloping east falls area adjacent base falls occurs spring fed beds previously reported habitat presence verified west falls mapped habitat occupied occupied area base falls found area intense studies defined occupied habitat found beginning eastern edge falls extending falls addition found middle primary far primary habitat parameters parameters appear significance preferred habitat humidity substrate temperature vegetation water quality humidity appears require sustained high humidity active found relative humidity approached percent dry periods found relatively inactive portions habitat substrate consistently near maximum humidity spray zone falls majority found edge nearest falls recent monitoring prior temperature humidity data shows occur area humidity generally varies percent active season investigation needed seasonal annual conditions watershed falls relative high humidity areas substrate appears requiring substrate derived limestone rich calcium sources dynamic nature habitat allow development soil temperature species appears require cool mild temperatures relatively constant conditions provided mist generate water volume flow rates watershed influence size mist zone actual temperature site active generally found temperatures warmer periods retreat cool areas provided moist rock moss vegetation cold winter temperatures believed falls retreat cracks rocks remain inactive temperature readings gathered summers spray zone rock surface temperatures averaged moss averaged combined temperatures substrate water vegetation averaged daily temperature variation monitored years data record temperature hour data analyzed unpublished data vegetation spray zone adjacent falls covered patches low vegetation including addition increased flood event found vegetation ground maximum sunlight sparse west falls observed drier adjacent areas plant species eastern found periods heavy water flow rain vegetation saturated observed actively crawling vegetation drier times species attach underside leaves patch vegetation dense lush dominant species include forget poison ivy support found clearly comprise early periodically bare rock substrate flood waters water quality fair clean water necessary maintain essential habitat healthy population survival invertebrates terrestrial effects water quality expected somewhat indirect water quality play potential role success decline relationship clearly defined date life cycle mate july lay eggs june july unclear self possible eggs numbering approximately diameter spherical transparent distinctive cluster generally eggs found heavy gelatinous layer surrounding entire cluster associated egg masses egg clusters deposited base plants vegetation loose wet soil young hatch weeks measuring barely unclear mature believes reach maturity months spring following hatching end year growth observed averaged end following year adult observed reach length approximately die completing life span years life span similar captive populations unpublished data feeding habits apparently feed obtain high levels calcium environment proper shell formation generally found green vegetation frequently found dead vegetation predators predators include beetles fly larvae feeding potential predators include northern lined northern common small mammals birds seen near habitat predation appear limiting factor time potential impact low stressed population unclear listing rule included predation introduced european threats little currently known relationship relationships interactions having significant impact species competing food breeding habitat reported davis common species range found appears crowd species appear species occurring falls having significant impact thought native species reports disease parasites threatening population size accurate population trends available species species supposedly found great abundance field party collected surveyed found equal abundance found abundant field surveys estimated total population estimated investigators spent hours searching habitat located specimens trip later summer yielded surveys beginning generally uncovered shells living animals annual trips intensive search july assistance yielded live individuals past surveys suspect longer believe occurs habitat falls earlier reported specimens instead immature review photographic records showed shells collected falls type specimens collected apparently occurred near falls historically longer encountered located adjacent habitats relative comparisons species abundance problematic confusing summer conducted mark recapture study patch appeared densely methods models estimated population density square meter habitat subsequently identified collection use studies resulted removal population unfortunately identity verified time collection thought abundant actually population expanded rapidly estimate counts indicated presence approximately adults counts live yielded average adults survey high adults post reproductive shell counts end activity season generally identified adults subsequent studies shown primary habitat areas increased survey effort conducted mark release recapture study falls sixteen surveys conducted study period july october final population estimate method individuals percent individuals population size estimated basis capture frequencies final estimate individuals differences survey intensity questionable species years past validity survey data year period provide sound basis accurate status statement protocol mark release recapture study modified slightly continued population estimated preliminary survey results population slightly larger estimate addition wild population falls state park efforts establish captive populations began captive colony maintained syracuse new_york remaining died november unsuccessful breeding programs tried 1990s syracuse wildlife conservation park zoo early effort called park zoo park zoo rochester new_york buffalo zoo experiments necessary order determine proper conditions maintaining healthy captive population conservation originally proposed federal endangered species april owing apparent decline species population coupled extremely limited range ultimately species listed threatened july presumed existence second colony tennessee north_carolina listing determined tennessee north_carolina falls colony remains known population species amended list endangered threatened special concern fish wildlife species new york state include endangered species new_york approximately visitors come park year variety outdoor recreational activities final rule listing threatened estimated percent habitat humans human disturbance continues threaten greatly fencing habitat area falls current strategy recovering includes species extinction extant population falls size new attempts maintaining multiple captive populations | Chittenango ovate amber snail | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
27040_Bigfinreefsquid | reef squid commonly known reef squid oval squid commercially important species squid currently recognized species belonging genus studies indicated reef comprise cryptic species complex species likely include similar closely related species reef characterised large oval fin extends margins mantle giving superficial similarity small medium sized averaging centimetres length exhibit elaborate mating displays usually spawn vary location resemble miniature adults remarkable having capability change body hatching reef fastest recorded growth rates large marine reaching months short lived species maximum recorded lifespan days diet reef comprises mainly crustaceans small fish found temperate tropical waters pacific indian oceans recently introduced mediterranean commonly found near shoreline near rocks coral reefs vast quantities human food asia rapid growth rate short life span tolerance handling captivity reef regarded promising species valuable source giant medical research taxonomy nomenclature reef known northern australia new_zealand distinguish southern reef squid southern common names include green eyed squid english tamil french spanish german hawaiian chinese malaysian japanese korean currently recognised species classified genus pencil squid family belongs squid order literally means squid greek squid described french naturalist named type specimen collected lesson coast new_guinea voyage french corvette command numerous species described pacific indian oceans late 19th century early 20th century belgian examined specimens recovered tropical western pacific species considered valid study revealed population okinawa actually composed distinct species confirmed genetic studies adams showed australia composed species findings indicate actually comprise similar closely related species believed cryptic species complex description like members genus reef easy distinguish possess thick muscular oval fins extend entire mantle fins extend mantle length mantle length width fins reef mistaken fact reflected scientific names narrow blue white line visible point attachment fins mantle ridge present fins meet squid reef cylindrical tapering blunt cone posterior mantle usually long males long females sexes reach maximum mantle length adult males weigh adult females sexes attain maximum documented weight forward margin mantle ventral concave eyes large covered entirely transparent secondary greenish base pair prominent ridges present ventral surface head rear edge eyes mouth area supported seven triangular flaps diameter teeth strong curved short black dark brown seven rows teeth males long wide ink sac pear shaped blue green outer layer rigid internal remnants shell oval shaped pointed ends broad arms thick tapering narrow point unequal length arm pair shortest followed arm pair arm pair arm pair iii longest possess rows diameter decreasing ring sharp acute teeth left arm pair males modified sexual organ known bear long portion thick long extending length mantle retracted slightly compressed prominent ridge keel present outer surface clubs wide tip rows club club larger centre widely spaced teeth coloration large densely cover upper surfaces head mantle arms distributed sparsely ventral fins possess underside living specimens range colour translucent white pale yellow brownish pink brownish violet like cephalopods reef capable rapidly changing body patterns voluntary control possess particularly head form structural produces metallic red illuminated possibly squid species type structural reflects ambient light white white light green green light reef remarkable having ability produce complex body patterns moment hatch comparison squid species produce complex body patterns months age patterns produced reef diverse caribbean reef reef possess truly sexual difficult distinguish male female reef authors females generally smaller males distinction observed studies closer examination sexually mature specimens usually distinguish males females presence fourth left arm males pale mantle females males conspicuous pattern transverse streaks dorsal ecology distribution habitat reef squid warm water dwelling squid usually found water surface tend remain close shoreline near rocks reefs slightly active night deeper waters find cover daytime large numbers juveniles found hiding beneath floating reef squid widespread species genus found temperate tropical regions indian_ocean western pacific_ocean original range extends east west red_sea north japan south australia new_zealand range expanded include parts mediterranean_sea reef documented southeastern mediterranean_sea existed significant populations area acquired common fishermen literally like squid reaching mediterranean_sea suez_canal diet predators reef squid eats variety different marine organisms main prey usually crustaceans fish captive specimens observed consume fish hours reef turn preyed predator fish parasites reef serve hosts worm like biology behaviour reef closely related caribbean reef squid species noted complex social interactions like caribbean reef reef exhibit elaborate mating displays reef exhibit schooling young reef stay close swim parallel schooling unlike squid species reef rarely include animals different sizes threat larger members attacking consuming smaller members reef recognise individually remains unknown reef exhibit strong positive behaviour attraction light readily certain distance light source studies proposed behaviour immediately stop movements light source switched colour light matter shown react strongly underwater lights peak ranges hearing reef common octopus octopus studied resolve century long debate cephalopods hear unlike fishes cephalopods possess air filled swim sound waves travelling water results published showed reef detecting vibrations organ primarily maintaining spatial orientation common octopus hear sounds reef slightly better hearing range hear best frequency relatively hearing comparable invertebrates sensitive fishes difference hearing ranges octopus reef explained difference habitats octopus dwelling excellent camouflage capabilities reef hand usually open water limited hiding places hearing important escape predators ability hear particularly relevant avoiding predators particularly use find prey mating behaviour reef exhibit common social body related mating dubbed increase visibility reducing rest body makes reproductive organs appear bright white transparent mantle indicate reproductive condition signalling squid common behaviour primarily seen males dubbed spread arms squid slightly tilt body forward head arms spread widely raised mantle behaviour exhibited chasing following individual thought signal reproductive aggression similar display behaviour intense display behaviour lateral display females use display males known courtship reef dubbed male mating male parallel mating head head mating actual position lasts seconds male mating involves rapid forth swimming male slower swimming female male flip swimming upside quickly forward female quickly funnel attempt deposit female mouth funnel jet away female head head mating regarded variation tactic male parallel mating involves male female swimming male raise arm pair upwards swing forth moves female female neck arms contrast previous position male actually mantle cavity female right opening mouth possibly reason usually successful female mating addition males engage behaviour scenario smaller male attach female mouth area courted larger male male behaviour successful male strategy usually chased away larger male usually remain embedded near mouth female mating usually occurs spawning happen spawning grounds cases male stay near female lays eggs males observed exhibit mating males males found numerous embedded mouth funnels reef distinguish sex visual cues form deception smaller males termed female males assumed body typical females order trick larger males believing females waste behaviour observed cephalopods reproduction life cycle main spawning season reef usually begins lay eggs year round spawning seasons vary location single female spawn lifetime females release eggs individual die soon females spawn passing eggs eggs coated gelatinous substances forming egg capsule egg reef contain eggs laid single straight strands rocks aquatic plants submerged branches surfaces point eggs diameter egg length width average weeks depending temperature warmer indonesia period recorded days thailand takes days gradually absorbing water reaching length width eggs remain white develop eggs undergo cell division reaching diameter developing embryo day hatching hatching mantle length excluding fully functioning fins ink resemble miniature adults strong swimmers exhibit schooling behaviour weeks hatching regarded main cause death young particularly dense populations usually happens eaten individuals weakened significantly dead actual cause death usually size ranging length reach sexual maturity days wild males reach sexual maturity earlier females captive populations males mature days hatching females begin spawning days hatching males females mature earlier captivity wild water temperature play important role earlier sexual maturation captive specimens high temperatures induce shorter smaller body sizes cooler temperatures favour longer larger individuals reef fastest recorded growth rates large marine reach months nonetheless size reliably age variations body size generation fairly common captivity reef lifespan days sexes economic importance commercial fishing human consumption reef commercially important squid species widely consumed human food usually caught large numbers fishing fixed net traps small scale fishing caught drive nets driven squid fishing operations reef particularly usually night bright lights taking advantage attraction illumination especially abundant moon weather populations reef seasonal year fish bait hook line fishing rapid growth rate short life span tolerance handling captivity reef regarded promising species studies reported commercial scale cultures research reef squid squid species generation remarkable ability readily adapt confined tanks squid species entire life span observed laboratory conditions reef valuable sources squid giant research physiology unlike animals squid large reef range diameter contrast typical humans life giant coordinate escape behaviour enabling squid contract muscles split second directly brain global warming reef adapt warmer temperatures laying eggs making good indicator species climate change conjunction rapid growth rates short reef squid populations rise dramatically response global warming play important role fishing industry forced adapt large numbers reef present area believed result squid natural predators australian scientist describes sea warmer waters accelerate squid expansion areas previously native recent discovery mediterranean_sea example | Bigfin reef squid | Natural sciences | Biology and medicine | Other invertebrates |
1071_PiratesoftheCaribbean(filmseries) | pirates caribbean film series pirates caribbean series fantasy films produced based theme park ride directors series include series notably written writers include stories followed adventures captain turner films place fictional historical setting world ruled largely alternative versions british_empire pirates representing freedom ruling powers film series started release big screen pirates caribbean curse black pearl received positive reviews critics grossed million worldwide film success revealed trilogy works franchise second film subtitled dead man chest released years later sequel proved successful breaking financial records worldwide day premiere dead man chest ended number film year earning billion date worldwide box office film series subtitled followed disney released fourth film subtitled conventional digital succeeded grossing billion second film franchise eighth film history achieve far film franchise grossed billion worldwide eleventh highest grossing film series time franchise film grossed billion worldwide fifth film subtitled dead men tell tales set released films curse black pearl turner teams eccentric pirate captain save turner love pirates led jack mate captain jack wants revenge left stranded island stealing ship black pearl pieces cursed lord arrests elizabeth aiding captain previous film offers agrees search jack compass bid find dead man chest inside heart villainous jones control seas jack wants chest escape unpaid debt jones raised sunk jack captain years exchange years service aboard jones ship lord gains power help jones ship executing plans piracy forever stand elizabeth crew set rescue captain jones locker jack needed order summon ancient goddess power defeat forces stranger tides captain quest find crosses paths lover forces jack aboard queen anne revenge ship captained infamous pirate father search fountain save father soul escape prophecy demise hands legged man joining hunt pirate captain king george navy race spanish dead men tell tales thrust new adventure luck captain finds winds ill fortune blowing strongly deadly ghost pirates led old nemesis terrifying captain escape devil triangle determined kill pirate sea including captain jack hope survival lies seeking legendary powerful artifact total control seas short film tales code fix wedding marry groom realizing man find auction led short film serves prequel curse black pearl explaining boat seen sinking beginning story explaining upset implies cotton lost tongue plot took inspiration auction scene original ride short directed included special feature disc blu ray blu ray dvd digital copy box set includes pirates similar disc set production film early 1990s conceived supernatural spin pirate genre completing work interest studio writing team refused dream waiting studio pick pirate tale disney write script based pirates caribbean producer rejected feeling straight pirate movie brought rewrite script march knowledge piracy later month brought inspired opening narration pirates caribbean ride decided film supernatural edge budget rose threatened cancel film changed minds showed concept art june signed direct curse black pearl signed following month star attracted idea modern technology genre disappeared golden age hollywood recalled childhood memories ride feeling film opportunity pay tribute scary funny tone attracted story found quirky trying find treasure crew trying return order lift curse traditional mutiny taken place approached rush role knew play attempts complexity simple suit story tone read script rush working suggested came surprise seen performance bend like impressed audition negotiated play governor role went shooting curse black pearl began october wrapped march release executives journalists expected film flop pirate genre successful years film based theme park ride rarely big film curse black pearl critical commercial success second films seeing film cast crew signed sequels shot practical decision disney allow time cast crew writers knew ensemble cast weren free totally different situations characters james_bond series turn curse black pearl trilogy wanted explore reality happen turner embrace end film initially considered plot device settled introducing mythology mentioned twice film introduced historical mentioned film represented themes personal freedom represented pirates filming sequels began february chest finishing march january second film disney theatrical feature film computer generated logo fourth film discovered novel production decided use basis fourth film unavailable invited direct film decided stand film story support new characters incorporate elements novel having alluded previous films rush returned roles cast saw additions daughter love interest addition king great_britain costly production simultaneous films disney tried scale fourth installment giving lower budget led cheaper locations fewer scenes special effects filmed cameras similar ones avatar filming stranger tides began june ended november released united_states budget million holds record expensive film fifth film january confirmed write screenplay fifth installment writer january signed write script film announced norwegian directors selected direct august revealed title fifth film dead men tell tales line known pirates caribbean theme park attractions confirmed working film speaking highly funny touching script inspired film curse black pearl september disney pushed film initial release sources indicating summer release likely producer revealed script issues delay work second attempt based received outline disney originally announced release july dead men tell tales set released spokesman australian arts minister confirmed fifth installment set shoot australia government agreed million tax incentives originally intended remake leagues sea according australian film industry sources pre production started late september filming expected commence february officially confirmed disney queensland arts minister october stating filming place exclusively australia largest production shoot country officially confirmed filming locations production began australia february wrapped july principal cast crew reception box office performance pirates caribbean film series successful box office film grossing million point ranking highest grossing films time series billion dollar films stranger tides series followed batman series curse black pearl highest grossing film north_america lord rings return king finding fourth worldwide return king finding matrix successful film worldwide led worldwide fourth north_america order phoenix highest grossing film worldwide dark moon fifth north_america sequels broke box office records release notable opening weekend record north_america memorial day weekend record north_america opening weekend record outside north_america stranger tides critical public response series noted high quality acting talent aspects films praised visual practical effects considered best film audiences believed certain cgi elements films real practically plot story sequels received mixed reviews general consensus convoluted follow pirates caribbean noted pirates genre film decades pirate films failed films success series saw disney try replicate pirates success launching films prince persia sands time accolades academy_awards films nominated total academy_awards single award won films nominated total golden globe awards won films nominated total won teen choice awards films nominated total teen choice awards won | Pirates of the Caribbean (film series) | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
2015_MarvelOne-Shots | marvel shots marvel shots series direct video short films produced set released included special features films blu ray digital distribution releases included dvd releases films range minutes designed self contained story provides backstory characters events introduced films shorts inspiration television series set consultant star agent offer self contained stories day life agent item stars luck couple find discarded gun events marvel agent carter stars events hail king stars events development august marvel announced couple short films designed self contained stories released direct video producer said fun way experiment new characters ideas importantly way expand marvel cinematic universe tell stories live outside plot features films conjunction directed written added shorts program derived label shot comics president later stated marvel considering idea introducing established characters ready carry feature films future shots stating potential introduce character level maybe popular introduce short happening asked marvel superhero appear replied love difficult cost flying costly story important superhero story agent carter panel san diego comic con international stated bringing shorts theaters appear features considered revealed shot released captain america winter soldier home media october revealed guardians galaxy home media release include guardians galaxy director stated included film lack space disc films consultant set events incredible hulk informs wishes released prison join initiative war hero blame devastation new_york_city council orders send agent ask general ross release custody want release agents decide send sabotage meeting urging reluctantly sends consultant partially depicted post credits scene ross sits drinking bar approached stark ross tries stark removed bar reply stark buys bar scheduled demolition day informs plan worked remain prison san diego comic con marvel announced consultant appear exclusively blu ray release september directed written music return portray agent agent respectively films joined archive footage consultant general ross form producer said producers wanted paint picture pulling strings responsible events seen films better character represent idea agent agent introduced iron man film said told short film program phone warned die actor noticed shots provide information build audience relationship death consultant written hammer taking budget marvel reserved shorts leaving remaining budget guys talking help pearson included short minor role way deal red tape bureaucratic politics initiative set events stops gas station way new_mexico shops station enter demand money register ask car outside reveals keys offers surrender pistol turn gun men seconds pays subtly advising clerk mention involvement police leaves station included captain america blu ray release october directed written music short stars reprising role agent short served showcase annoying item claire luck couple find discarded gun item left attack new_york_city couple use rob banks drawing attention assigns agents blake retrieve weapon couple agent tracks couple room gets wrecked subsequent confrontation stolen money gets destroyed instead killing couple invites join assigned think tank reverse engineer technology claire blake assistant item released blu ray september film stars claire respectively film sees return agent played introduced agent blake portrayed directed president written music short film filmed days minutes longer previous films longer minutes pearson idea short watching thinking new_york mess weapons item helped inspire television series agent carter year events agent member stuck compiling data instead working field cases night office case line rings informing carter location mysterious goes location able retrieve single day boss agent going proper procedures complete mission carter explains mission time sensitive dismissing carter old flame captain america given current job pity case line rings time end tells inform carter head newly created mid credit scene seen stark women wearing newly created agent carter released iron man blu ray release september digital download release september seen good way film upcoming captain america winter soldier previously considered released home media releases sees reprise role reprising roles captain america respectively archive footage short film introduces agent directed written short filmed days reused visual effects shots 1940s new_york save money collaborated short composing music music television series marvel agent carter directly related short hail king having captured end held prison living having personal butler inmates act fan club protection inmates looking attention receives wonders makes special talking documentary filmmaker chronicle events situation seen trying learn personally recounts past casting child starring failed cbs pilot eventually informs portrayal angered people including actual rings terrorist group know existed tells history terrorist group revealing actually member group real reason interviewing break prison meet actual hearing idea posing october said working secret project marvel involving members crew involved later revealed short hail king released digital download release dark world february february blu ray release film stars reprising role member rings terrorist organization posing documentary filmmaker reprising role short written directed screenwriter filmed los_angeles producer idea short production provide fresh character music short composed scenes composed 1980s music icon cast characters list indicator dark grey cell indicates character film indicates character reappears television series indicates voice role indicates actor actress appears archived footage previous films collection marvel shots included bonus disc box set includes phase films marvel cinematic universe shots feature audio commentary providing consultant funny thing happened way hammer item agent carter hail king collection released december reception ign called consultant intriguing said dialogue fit right expect movie scott said considering old bonus scene sitting having chat pretty big disappointment ign called hammer fun said short title minutes definition performing slow motion action stunts consider normal people consider like buy called item silly online said short largely success fine form little awkward dialogue particularly regards doesn entirely sell superhero hype said item easily best think attributed length seeing times longer shots longer run time short film doesn rush wants clear understanding perspective events point view online said agent carter fun treat lead way female led marvel films gives title character send deserves ign said carter big screen female superhero waiting kicks ass short story brains clever fun total film said makes perfect come special agent noir style short looks great packs action moments ign gave hail king said return personality step forward larger marvel cinematic universe twists satisfy lovers approach takes material movie style credit sequences light hearted tone takes sudden turn shines role ignorant happy slide mode fans jokes sort way damaging criticized way homosexuality presented short given attempt bring lgbt concepts potential projects july said considered making stand shorts characters including young marvel said difficult short impossible cost wise short seconds shot fury remarked complicated plays characters designing costume getting going tried development tried difficult reasons gave don want half baked good good fans february mentioned shorts written came fruition including ones based head stated active plans shots return added studio opposed continuing series ideas potential shots september provided comments return shots saying universe big moving feature films year year don know talk making shots lot finding time place | Marvel One-Shots | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
2863_TheTwilightSaga(filmseries) | twilight saga film series twilight saga series romance fantasy films based novels american author films star series grossed billion worldwide receipts consists date motion pictures installment twilight released november second installment followed november breaking box office records biggest midnight screening opening day history grossing estimated million installment eclipse released june twilight film released series development paramount_pictures time screen adaptation twilight differed significantly novel written years later acquired rights film twilight grossed million opening day announced begin production acquired rights remaining novels earlier month adaptation breaking dawn began shooting november november november release dates development twilight development approximately years paramount_pictures time screen adaptation differing significantly novel written example script transformed star athlete stated debate allowing movie negative positive outcome movie compared book earlier movie called known twilight idea seeing scene converted correctly specifically meadow scene convinced sell rights seeing script frightened wrong decision service studio april successfully acquired rights novel president production guaranteed close adaptation book company perceived film opportunity launch franchise based success book sequels felt summit open letting film hired direct film soon afterward selected film structural base writer film developed outline end august collaborated writing screenplay following month great sounding board sorts brilliant ideas finish scenes send notes impending strike worked time finish screenplay october adapting novel screen great deal characters left combined intent stay true book explained adapting word word making sure characters arcs emotional journeys suggested use voice convey protagonist internal dialogue novel told point view pre production author director close relationship developing twilight wanted embrace experience characters books come life changing scene slightly surprised author heard stories know normally like adapt book natural waiting worst instead called experience book film adaptation best hoped originally scheduled release december twilight moved worldwide release november half blood prince moved november release released july casting set visited informal screen test director initially choose role audition home stewart selected allowed view manuscript unfinished chronicles events twilight edward point view excited response casting main characters expressed interest having emily cast edward respectively prior pre production originally cast liked actor studio pushing unknown reasons actor able play selected place choice portray criticized fans inches taller character described novel said resembled vision alice previously worked successful thirteen wrote africa shooting hbo miniseries auditions character conducted role cast time hbo production ended december selected actor fell subsequently auditioned flown oregon personally chose wanted role film director saw potential explore character hopefully films wanted portray vampire thought vampires basically best metaphor human anxiety questions alive initially auditioned fell totally love angela reading books took advantage later opportunity audition role went got mix match auditions actors major physical changes occur character twilight director considered replacing sequel actor accurately portray new larger trying role worked extensively january announced continue jacob twilight saga late march released list actors portraying wolf pack alongside casting rest tribe headed casting director worked films large american indian casts dances wolves announced dallas howard replacing victoria twilight film twilight saga eclipse attributed change scheduling conflicts said stunned greatly decision cast newly turned vampire new cast members film include riley maria julia jones stewart production principal photography twilight took days week rehearsals completed similar directorial debut thirteen opted extensive use hand held cinematography film feel real visited production set times consulted different aspects story brief cameo film movements elegant characters fighting styles cast playing vampires participated rehearsals dance choreographer observed different instead shooting scenes taking place school filmed scenes filmed oregon conducted california august early november summit announced obtained rights remaining books twilight series new moon eclipse november day theatrical release twilight summit confirmed begin working working adapting novel prior twilight release handed draft new moon twilight opening weekend november early december announced twilight director returning direct sequel cited time restrictions reason leaving project instead director director american pie hired direct twilight saga filming began vancouver late march italy late early release twilight saga new moon summit confirmed begin production twilight saga eclipse post production twilight saga eclipse began shooting directing film instead twilight saga eclipse helmed director returning screenwriter filming began august finished late october post production beginning early following month april revealed shoots film needed previously said seen set main stars present producer previous films series stated intention film version breaking dawn following months speculation cast rumors officially announced april academy_award winner directed gods monsters direct producing film author excited chance bring climax saga life screen fans series know kind book hoping create equally unique cinematic experience said november release date set second scheduled release november following announcement summit officially confirmed adaption fourth book start production fall june announcement clear major actors including lead roles family return parts confirmed direct parts order budget parts breaking dawn reasonable substantially greater previous installments series filming louisiana negotiated shooting louisiana provide larger tax credits studio low profile benefit films twilight twilight directed written focuses development personal relationship human teenager vampire subsequent efforts edward family safe separate group hostile vampires film released theatrically starting november grossed million opening day come gross million worldwide dvd released march grossed additional million sales twilight saga new moon twilight saga new moon directed written film follows fall deep depression develops strong friendship jacob tribe protect victoria herd vampires film released theatrically starting november set numerous records currently biggest advance ticket seller held biggest midnight opening domestic united_states canada box office history grossing estimated million sequel twilight saga eclipse broke record june grossing million opening day domestically million worldwide biggest single day opening domestic history twelfth highest opening weekend domestic history twilight saga eclipse twilight saga eclipse directed written film follows develops awareness complications marrying victoria draws nearer group newborn vampires rest form temporary alliance destroy turn safe tries decide fight consequences paid jacob gets hurt intent keeping compromise edward vows true engagement marry film released theatrically starting june twilight film released set new record biggest midnight opening domestic united_states canada box office history grossing estimated million theaters previous record holder previous film series twilight saga million theaters film scored biggest wednesday opening domestic history beating revenge fallen million twilight saga eclipse film widest independent release playing theaters surpassing predecessor twilight saga new moon held record november twilight saga breaking dawn twilight saga breaking dawn directed author produced film script book plot split films released november filming breaking dawn began november follows edward married learn pregnant deal struggle pregnant passing away half vampire half human child twilight saga breaking dawn twilight saga breaking dawn directed author produced film script book plot split films released november second released november second breaking dawn saw climax edward relationship learn adapt newly transformed vampire soundtracks twilight chosen music supervisor album released november label conjunction album debuted billboard having sold copies week release digital downloads twilight best selling theatrical movie soundtrack united_states chicago twilight score composed orchestrated week period recorded mixed weeks late september began score love theme edward relationship variation plays film included original theme featured film serves play romance drives story theme composed predator theme opens film intended play edward vampire nature themes include bass line drum beat distorted guitar sound nomadic vampires melody family twilight score released digitally november stores december twilight saga new moon score twilight saga new moon composed returned music supervisor rest soundtrack working relationship scored previous films golden compass twilight saga new moon original motion picture soundtrack album released october label conjunction album debuted billboard later jumped copies sold twilight saga new moon score released november twilight saga eclipse score twilight saga eclipse composed composed scores lord rings trilogy film soundtrack released june conjunction music supervisor label lead single soundtrack star collision love forever performed british band muse soundtrack debuted number billboard albums chart estimated sales copies twilight saga breaking dawn breaking dawn soundtrack saw release singles thousand years rain reached number number billboard hot twilight saga breaking dawn reaction box office performance twilight grossed million ticket sales midnight november grossed million opening day opening weekend united_states canada twilight accumulated million theaters average theater film million united_states canada million international territories total million worldwide film released dvd north_america march midnight release parties sold million units day continued sell units totaling july making twilight saga new moon set records advance ticket sales causing theaters add additional film set records biggest midnight opening domestic united_states canada box office history grossing estimated million theatres expanding theaters record previously held half blood prince grossed million domestically midnight premiere film grossed million opening day domestically biggest single day opening domestic history beating dark knight million opening strongly contributed record time films domestic box office combined gross million single day opening weekend twilight saga new moon ninth highest opening weekend domestic history film sixth highest worldwide opening weekend million total critical response twilight saga successful box office critical reception films mixed significantly declined series continued critic called twilight genuine pop classic praised turning book series esque vision usa today gave film stars wrote said involved production twilight novel substantially absorbing unintentionally funny quickly forgettable film cleveland scene described twilight saga new moon entertaining fantasy noted stronger visual look twilight better job action scenes keeping focus central love triangle washington_post gave film half stars praised performance film wrote despite melodrama times induce diabetes wolf whistle sexy scary gave film grading said movie looks tremendous dialogue works numerous placed jokes acting point san_francisco_chronicle responded mixed review stating film satisfy fans everybody ready bizarre soap opera consisting succession static scenes characters frame announce exactly thinking roger_ebert gave film star said takes achievement twilight leaves release movie inspired feminist criticism entertainment_weekly making light claim little better case influx female viewers theaters indicates increasing importance female demographic hollywood tastes hollywood reporter posted positive review twilight saga eclipse saying film nails variety reports film finally feels like blockbuster earning franchise deserves review stated film best twilight saga far acknowledging person worried director tapped finale got real challenge movies good eclipse new_york_times praised ability entertaining film calling funny better predecessors pointed acting hasn improved negative review said eclipse energy franchise quality performances involving film isn adrenaline charged game love story marketing lead believe majority action remains protracted especially shouldn conversations central triangle roger_ebert gave film positive review films saga felt movie constant conversation main characters criticized edward jacob movie noted mountain range appears film looks like landscapes painted guy shows paint stuff like predicted lack understanding film series general audience stating doubt familiar earlier installments head tails opening scenes gave film stars breaking dawn received negative reviews critics review aggregator website rotten_tomatoes reports critics counted reviews gave film positive review site consensus reads slow loaded unintentionally humorous moments breaking dawn satisfy twilight faithful strictly fans franchise mixed critical reception favorable new gave film positive review citing feast dialogue action hand said fifth final entry historically successful twilight franchise self aware ways entertaining review aggregate results home media sales list indicator indicates yearly rank based number dvds sold year released calculated numbers twilight popular culture portuguese teen series red moon similar premise vampire romance differed story parody film vampires suck film series television canon canadian teen vampire film vampire television series sequel called dusk parody twilight film breaking wind title breaking dawn film series directed best known year old virgin knocked spoof films parody version breaking dawn animated movie scene inspired twilight filipino comedy sitcom entitled daddy vampire resembled twilight scenes | The Twilight Saga (film series) | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
5877_ThemesinAvatar | themes avatar american science fiction film avatar earned widespread success highest grossing film history blockbuster provoked vigorous discussion wide variety cultural social political religious themes identified critics commentators film writer director responded hoped create emotional reaction provoke public conversation topics broad range avatar intentional perceived themes prompted reviewers purpose season ideological reporter suggested politically charged reviewers seized opportunity break usual fodder public policy foreign relations making ideological battlefield epic discussion centered themes conflict modern human nature film treatment racism patriotism corporate greed property rights spirituality religion commentators debated film treatment human aggression native message support indigenous peoples today instead tired retelling racist myth noble savage right wing critics accused cameron pushing anti american message film depiction private military contractor marines attack natives cameron argued pro american question current wars iraq afghanistan visual similarity destruction film caused identify identify human military contractors terrorists critics asked comparison intended encourage audiences position muslims military occupation today discussion concerned film treatment environmental protection parallels example destruction removal mining homes development title film visual story elements provoked discussion film use cameron confirmed inspired christians including vatican worried film promotes christian beliefs instead thought explores biblical concepts critics praised film spiritual elements found political themes avatar describes battle indigenous people oppression alien humans director acknowledged film certainly sense way human history worked people military technological tend destroy people weaker usually resources critics agreed film clear message dominant aggressive cultures native population quest resources writing guardian asserted conservative criticism avatar reaction called film chilling metaphor european americas massively enriched europe cameron told references colonial period film design new_york_times compared struggle 22nd century version american colonists british india british latin_america indian born columnist wrote parallels plot western power indigenous people native americans eastern countries substitute names sees natives unable unwilling merits civilization longer weaker power thinking favor poor natives new_york_times criticized saw white complex film history shaped cruel ones way going supporting actors journey self admiration disagree jake handicapped second ultimately wins way commentators saw film message support struggles native peoples today indigenous president praised avatar profound resistance capitalism struggle defense nature compared human invaders nato iraq israel palestine considered clans united sincere prayer offered primitive win war palestinian activists painted blue dressed like weekly protest village israel separation barrier arab writers noted avatar confirmation claims lead build future hand forbes columnist criticized capitalism film asserting represents noble heroic way life led opportunity learn discover explore change world cameron stated avatar political film added movie reflects living war boots ground troops personally believe sent false hope opening eyes confirmed iraq stuff vietnam stuff design adding think film anti military critic magazine remarked realism suggested parallel wars iraq iran afghanistan doesn natives peace loving cameron said americans moral responsibility understand impact country recent military campaigns commenting term shock awe film cameron said know feels like launch missiles don know feels like land home soil america noted describing military assault cameron terminology ongoing war terrorism puts mouths film villains fight terror terror cameron sympathies movie clearly military corporate men columnist russian newspaper traced avatar popularity giving audience chance moral choice good evil emotionally siding jake treason relieve collective guilt cruel world created dismissed film essentially sentimental cartoon naturalist message uses villainous americans facts military capitalism answering critiques film insulting military piece los_angeles_times asserted forces existed insulted ones fought reviews saw avatar bubbling military wish free risk modern army fun fly winged beast critic writing opined contrary perceived avatar film war response attack film positive characters particularly american hero encourages follow battle war insane justified right reasons forbes saw film anti military metaphor military anti reviewers perceived anti american message film private security force american soldiers radio said avatar anti human thing stated theater people kentucky stand defeat country war got amazing special effects criticized cameron saw depiction american military pure evil argued avatar revealed hatred military american institutions notion human way review called avatar liberal tell disguised heavy handed simplistic sci fantasy critical america founding straight iraq war stranger commented release film american culture industry exports anti american spectacle anti american world likewise dismissed avatar cinema hate america crowd cameron argued film definitely anti american american having freedom ideas critic mtv concurred great leap logic tag avatar anti american anti capitalist called film neo con movie deeply conservative pro american message cameron admitted ambiguity issue agreeing bad guys america movie good guys america movie depending perspective stated avatar defeat academy_awards perceived anti theme destruction habitat reminded commentators september attack calling metaphor criticizing cameron willingness question sacred trauma cameron said surprised look like september added think necessarily bad thing french critic wrote analogy collapse towers spectacular scene justified unified indigenous peoples allied forces kill like terrorists writer noted stand ins perpetrators victims described reversal movie act social cultural themes civilization race commentators world sought interpret relationship humans film agreeing wrote humans turn primitive increasingly cynical brutal traits machinery monkey aliens emerge noble kind wise sensitive humane avatar hero faced uncomfortable irresistible choice races wrote inevitable audience like film hero jake find culture qualities kindness gratitude regard elder self sacrifice respect life ultimately humble dependence higher intelligence nature echoing analysis psychologist miami herald urged man woman child film wake message making right choice commercial soul consciousness life promise survival humanity similarly critic saw film message hope writing union humans aliens comes feeling better exists universe respect life cameron confirmed represent better aspects human nature human characters film demonstrate aspects human nature conversely new_york_times opined avatar creates sort edged cultural offensive cultural stereotype white people colonial victims spiritual athletic path grace review found film contrast mix new age myth noble savage corruption white man writing forbes viewed ironic cameron dazzling gorgeous indictment kind society produces critics saw racist film treatment indigenous seeing fantasy race told point view white people white white hero saves helpless primitive natives reduced ambitions proving heroism reviews called avatar offensive assumption need white lead self racist fact human roles film played white actors characters african american native american actors academic agreed film portrays indigenous people simplistic unable defend help white guys neo liberals author remarked white man fix destruction feel guilty directly responsible destruction likewise publisher editor germany said film myth noble savage yes racist message cameron bows noble reduces argued film enables typical ideological division rejecting actual struggle carried comment despite thematic elements thing truly original good old american ego given hollywood origins script remained faithful inherent superiority complex bestowed honor avatar movie native white american marine similarly good humans film dead resurrected good writer thought film inadvertently promoting supremacy race charlie rose talk cameron acknowledged parallels idea noble savage argued indigenous populations bow arrow level met technological superior forces somebody doesn help lose talking racial group existing population fighting rights cameron rejected claims film racist asserting avatar differences new_york_times felt similarly writing contrasts oppression genocide fail accept citing jewish soviet examples environment property avatar called doubt epic piece environmental advocacy captured film hits important environmental talking points virgin rain forests threatened exploitation indigenous peoples teach developed world planet functions collective organism evil corporate interests trying destroy cameron spoken extensively media film environmental message saying envisioned avatar broader metaphor treat natural world said created fantasy version world like started build shopping centers world told going lot pain don acknowledge responsibilities nature interviewed called avatar satire sense human avatar saying attitude indigenous people theirs sense lets forest eye human nature naked way times sophisticated way lots basically thing sense way taking want giving article belgium paper agreed brutality man takes isn commentators connected film story biodiversity amazon brazil dam construction logging mining clearing agriculture newsweek piece commented destruction resembling rampant tree article compared film depiction destructive corporate mining lands mining near reservation new_mexico critics dismissed avatar pro environmental stance inconsistent remarked factor destructive combat deployment technological force cameron economic military system technological possible like condemning nasa mars exploration author called film socialism disguised nonsense stuff argued process creation promotion avatar emitted carbon undermine film ecological message similarly article concluded technology viewers technology endangered world film showcases contradictions organic stating conservative criticism film strong environmental anti war themes unexpected cameron stressed interested saving world children going inhabit encouraged tree urged fairly rapid transition alternate energy film cameron environmental activism caught attention strong tribe eastern india appealed help stop mining company opening open cast sacred mountain advertisement variety read avatar fantasy real struggling defend land mining company hell bent destroying sacred mountain help similarly coalition environmental organizations canada ran page special oscar edition variety fight canada alberta comparison mining oil companies objected cameron awarded inaugural environment award outstanding social responsibility media groups portrayal environmental struggles compared destruction habitat way mining operations evoked parallels oppressive policies states involving related development wrote los_angeles_times film essential conflict battle property rights foundation free market civilization found storyline reminiscent policies authorities china million citizens evicted course decade long development boom article published official newspaper called film plot image violent demolition everyday life violent demolition conducted instigated real estate developers ordinary people burned desperately continue bear silence saw similar links displacement tribes amazon basin demolition private houses moscow suburb religion spirituality wrote spirituality depicted goes way explaining film gigantic popularity fact avatar essentially religious film cameron intended time objected saw film reviews norm speak spirituality traditional religion said tried film touch people spirituality broad spectrum stated film philosophical represent sort wants better wants respect nature humans film represent versions evil comes corporate decisions remove consequences film director saw similar key factor contributing success key marine wheelchair disabled cameron technology transport body beautiful athletic sexual disabled way inadequate old broken kind heaven resurrected connected instead disconnected religions mythology reviewers suggested film draws existing religious mythological motifs charlotte observer opined avatar poses great question faith creation seen governed mutual noted film concepts religions compared norse story tree called axis center world destruction signals collapse universe newsweek likened respect life belief religious beliefs practices forbes called species portrayed film writer defined avatar born human intervention intercourse sin comparing birth jesus christ krishna drew parallels deity goddess indigenous people suggested world mirrored garden writer countered avatar begs steals variety longstanding human stories puts comes new commentator called avatar new version garden syndrome pointing viewed conceptual similarities film terminology book genesis parallels times_of_india suggested avatar treatise indian philosophy enthusiasts starting word avatar houston_chronicle piece film terms ancient hindu commenting visual similarity krishna central respective traditionally depicted blue skin black hair mark forehead critic found elements film plot resembled teachings concepts soul ecological consciousness incarnations deities earth commending avatar director raising global stature months criticizing western reluctance accept oriental form cameron calls connection reference loved mythology entire hindu rich vivid continued didn want reference hindu religion closely association interesting hope haven offended stated familiar lot beliefs hindu religion found fascinating answering question time magazine avatar replied incarnation hindu gods taking flesh form film means human technology future capable human intelligence remotely located body biological body cameron confirmed meaning title times_of_india course significance film characters divine beings idea flesh body following film release reviewers focused cameron choice religious sanskrit term film title reviewer traced term incarnations writer hindu concluded loaded sanskrit word cameron indicated possibility encounter emotionally superior inferior form alien future step human evolution provided learn integrate change conquer destroy argued avatar downright film movie concept term avatar literally sanskrit descent based descending avatar jake refugee likewise thought title insults traditional hindu usage term human god descends film houston coordinator stated certain sacred terms avatar texas based filmmaker added avatar mean representative god earth simply form especially literature poetry forms art explaining choice color blue cameron said like blue good color plus connection hindu deities like commentators agreed blue skin described new_yorker article blue instantly relates film protagonist krishna article described 18th century indian painting consort riding great mythical bird avatar prequel resemblance film scene hero blue skinned avatar flies gigantic likened hero mate images discussing explicit implicit similarities film philosophy reviewers suggested hindu gods particularly save order universe film avatar descend impending ultimate doom effected greed leads destroying world nature observed film philosophical message consistent overall key scripture defining constitutes real culture civilization critics saw undeniably hindu connection film story teaching reverence universe practice inhabiting distant body consciousness compared film love scene practices linked earth goddess concept ground described likened ability connect realization commentator noted parallel ancient hindu signifies commented avatar adaptation hindu teaching concept author felt accurately applicable ordinary human beings step away exotic animals deities writing ukrainian day newspaper drew detailed avatar plot elements ancient narrative krishna including heroine tribe habitat forest mountain mystical rock opined resemblance account avatar blues sense loss experienced members audience conclusion film christianity christian writers worried avatar promotes nature worship critic holy wrote film shows linked worship nature fashionable creator creation mixed likewise vatican radio argued film pseudo doctrines turn ecology religion millennium nature longer creation defend worship according vatican spokesman reviews reflect pope views confusing nature spirituality hand vatican characterization avatar pagan writer urged christian critics film historical context christianity conquest americas instead conservative columnist new_york_times called avatar gospel according james cameron long hollywood religion choice generation weekly standard criticized film worship nature loving tribe tribe pagan rituals christian critic disputed danger avatar presents culture morally superior life earth love philosophy culture led evil away added cameron job manipulating emotions audience avatar created world looks good noble live tree hunt food daily bow arrow cameron said avatar asks connected human beings earth clear statement religious belief christianity christian critics wrote avatar new age pagan anti capitalist promotes goddess worship destruction human race suggested christian viewers interpret film reminder jesus christ true avatar suspected avatar subversive retelling biblical exodus cameron invites look bible conversely commentators concluded film promotes arguing hero pray tree tree deity addresses personally unlike film deity contrary native wisdom interfere human affairs forbes agreed saying avatar charged deeply christian author suggested film message leads renewed reverence natural world christian teaching indian born columnist saw film silent spiritual awe looking said beauty universe seeing divine manifested different aspects nature isn vibe depicted wonder americans turned criticized hollywood western media saw generally poor job portraying eastern spirituality | Themes in Avatar | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
8800_TheLordoftheRings(filmseries) | lord rings film series lord rings promoted lord rings film series consisting high fantasy adventure films directed based novel lord rings films subtitled fellowship ring towers return king distributed new line cinema considered biggest ambitious film projects undertaken overall budget million sources million entire project took years filming films simultaneously entirely new_zealand jackson native country film series special extended editions released dvd year respective theatrical releases films follow book general storyline novel plot elements include additions source material set fictional world films follow wood fellowship embark quest destroy ring ensure destruction maker dark lord fellowship divided continues quest loyal companion sam andy heir exile throne wizard unite rally earth war ring series major financial success films collectively highest grossing film series time films critically acclaimed heavily awarded winning total academy_award nominations final film series return king won academy_award nominations including tied academy_awards received film series received wide praise innovative special visual effects development director came contact lord rings saw animated film lord rings jackson enjoyed film wanted know read tie edition book hour train journey wellington seventeen jackson finishing considered lord rings new project wondering new developments computer generated imagery following jackson set planning fantasy film relatively feel real october partner teamed boss negotiate held rights book early 1970s pitching adaptation films based lord rings negotiations stalled universal_studios offered jackson remake furious problems arose turned distribution rights market april rights question resolved jackson decided ahead filming lord rings prompting universal enter deal receive foreign earnings lord rings received foreign earnings revealed jackson originally wanted finish lord rings began location problems decided start lord rings franchise instead universal cancelled jackson immediately received support began week process rights jackson asked write synopsis book began read book months later written treatment film dealt fellowship ring towers beginning return king ending death going treatment visit escaping attacks fellowship united present attends sam looks mirror dies fall presented treatment harvey focused read book agreed films total budget million jackson began writing partner major fan book joined writing team reading treatment took months write film scripts pages respectively left project theatrical obligations revisions sam caught forced instead sam merry ring voluntarily going confronting occurs original novel account time pulled flashback cut story attends council son changes included having rescue action sequence involving cave writers considered having absorb role entirely having kill witch king trouble struck sent new_zealand spending months told films likely cost million unable finance million spent decided merge films june presented treatment single hour film version book suggested cutting battle helm deep losing merging sister shortening having prevent kidnapping merry upset idea cutting half good stuff jackson declared script work completed theirs jackson went hollywood weeks showing thirty minute video work meeting new line cinema new line cinema viewed video asked making films book published volumes later corrected new line choice economical reasons wanted film trilogy jackson write new scripts expansion films allowed creative freedom jackson script accordingly films correspond exactly trilogy volumes represent adaptation jackson takes chronological approach story quest main focus main sub plot sequences contribute directly plots left effort creating satisfactory conclusions making sure exposition pacing new sequences expansions elements kept ambiguous battles creatures shooting continued evolve contributions cast members looking explore characters notable character originally planned warrior princess reverted book counterpart remains physically inactive story sends moral military support develop fight sword choreography series filmmakers employed hollywood sword master anderson worked directly talent including develop film sword fights stunts role lord rings series highlighted film blade documentary sword martial arts featured lord rings illustrator actors discussed roles work series related sword production design jackson began series august assigned crew begin designing middle earth time jackson hired long time collaborator lead major design elements armour weapons creatures november famed joined project imagery films based illustrations production designer charged task converting lee howe designs architecture creating models sets worked art director scouting locations organising building sets jackson vision described meets jackson wanted gritty realism historical regard fantasy attempted world rational believable example helped build filming began plants grow creatures designed believable enormous wings fell beast help fly total pieces armour bows arrows created created pairs feet lead actors ears heads cast costumes woven aged prop specially designed taking different scales account filming principal photography films conducted concurrently locations new_zealand conservation areas national parks october december period days pick shoots conducted annually series shot different locations seven different units shooting wellington jackson directing production unit directors included assistant director producer writer available jackson monitored units live satellite feeds added pressure constant script writes multiple units interpreting envisioned result got hours sleep night locations crew bring survival kits case helicopters reach location bring home time criticised approving filming national parks adequate consideration adverse environmental effects public adverse effects filming battle scenes meant park later required restoration work cast following list cast members voiced portrayed characters appearing extended version lord rings film series post production film benefit year post production time respective december release finishing october november crew immediately going work film period later jackson london supervise scoring continue editing having computer feed discussions fat pipe internet connections look special effects video link surround sound organise meetings listen new music sound effects generally extended editions tight schedule start year complete special effects music editing avoid pressure jackson hired different editor film worked film second longtime jackson collaborator daily rushes hours scenes rough hours assemblies films total million feet film edited hours minutes minutes extended running time final area shaping films jackson realised best scripting redundant screen picked apart scenes day multiple takes film editing relatively jackson coming concept extended edition later screening new line edit beginning prologue towers acknowledged crew difficult film beginning end additional problem inter cutting storylines appropriately jackson continued editing film schedule officially ended resulting scenes including story demise moved return king later demise cut theatrical edition included extended edition jackson felt starting film effectively parts film post production editing chaotic time jackson actually saw completed film wellington premiere filmed scenes remain unused promotional material fellowship ring contained attack fellowship leaves replaced entrance fellowship cut scenes book including seeing extended new scenes attack sam river major cut towers featured visiting leading reinforcements helm deep scene flashback meeting cut revision film plot appearance explained communication greater role defending refugees caves vision like sam having extended fight sequence filmed return king scenes present book sam pass epilogue footage endings wedding death funeral fight black gate jackson deciding scene inappropriate computer generated instead context killing turn killing revealed poisoned final scene cut having armour fitted trilogy final scene filmed principal photography stated like include unused scenes future ultimate edition home video release including takes music composed orchestrated conducted produced trilogy music hired august visited set watched assembly cuts fellowship ring return king music shore included represent characters cultures places example film score recorded wellington virtually trilogy score recorded town hall mixed abbey road studios jackson planned advise score weeks year london towers stayed beatles fan jackson photo tribute crossing score primarily played artists contributed actors extended cuts single sound second film contributed score wrote lyrics music songs translated languages film end song west tribute young filmmaker jackson befriended named died cancer shore composed main theme fellowship different character themes strength weaknesses volume depicted different points series individual themes composed represent different cultures music shore write day film increased dramatically seven minutes music series turned success voted best movie soundtrack time years running passing list star wars africa respectively sound sound technicians spent early year trying find right sounds animal sounds like tigers bought human voices contributed scream sounds unexpected fell beast taken comes beginning end lion addition dialogue technicians worked new_zealand locals sounds recorded sounds abandoned tunnels echo like effect sequence new_zealand cricket fans provided sound army towers jackson acting conductor innings break day international cricket match england new_zealand stadium spent time recording sounds graveyard night construction workers drop stone blocks sounds firing landing return king mixing took place august november film mix jackson commissioned building new studio building fully completed started mixing return king special effects film effect shots second total total increases extended editions visual effect artists began work series number doubled towers crew led worked long hours overnight produce special effects short space time jackson active imagination driving force example major shots helm deep produced weeks post production towers happened weeks return king releases theatrical trilogy online promotional trailer released april set new record download hits registering million hits hours release trailer selection soundtrack redemption cuts minutes footage series primarily sequence shown cannes film festival received showing included area designed look like fellowship ring released december grossed million opening weekend million worldwide preview towers inserted end credits near end film theatrical run promotional trailer later released containing music scored film requiem dream towers released december grossed million weekend grossed predecessor million worldwide promotional trailer return king debuted exclusively new line cinema film september released december weekend gross million second film gross billion worldwide home media film released standard disc edition dvds containing previews film success theatrical cuts brought disc new editing added special effects music extended cuts films included special features spread discs limited collector edition released fellowship ring released november containing minutes footage painting fellowship entering gate sleeve styled included collector edition towers released november contained minutes extra footage lee painting white entrance collector edition contained statue looking statue persona available order limited time return king released december having minutes footage lee painting grey model collector edition available order limited time special extended dvd editions sleeve maps fellowship travels played cinemas notably december marathon screening dubbed trilogy tuesday culminating late afternoon screening film attendees trilogy tuesday given limited edition containing random frame film movies versions limited edition branching version plus new feature length documentary complete series released disc set november released trilogy theatrical versions boxed set april extended edition blu ray box set available pre order march released june film extended blu ray version identical extended dvd version running time includes added credit sequence listing names lord rings fan club members contributed project brand new blu ray editions disc released fellowship ring released discs identical found previous disc blu ray set reception box office performance public critical response inflation lord rings film series highest grossing film trilogy worldwide time higher film franchises original star wars trilogy godfather trilogy film series grossed total billion tied record total number academy_awards won single film return king receiving majority critics praised series los_angeles_times writing trilogy soon find equal critical films pacing length collection spectacular set pieces sense momentum driving according rotten_tomatoes films received approval ratings respectively metacritic based ratings film respectively lists series critically acclaimed time film placed metacritic best reviewed movies list polls conducted opening weekend cinema audiences gave films average grade respectively scale series appears dallas fort worth film critics association films time magazine usa today named series important films past years entertainment_weekly end decade best list saying bringing book big screen sweat trilogy like exerted irresistible pull advanced speakers alike named best movies decade ranking time magazine list series ranks second best movies decade empire magazine voted films greatest film addition characters respective actors list greatest movie characters compiled empire portrayal ranking portrayal ranking portrayal shared portrayal character films ranking portrayal ranking portrayal ranking portrayal ranking academy_awards films nominated total academy_awards won record movie trilogy nominations unexpected journey single nomination battle armies brings series total nominations fellowship ring earned thirteen nominations film academy awards winning return king won category nominated setting current oscar record highest clean sweep academy_awards wins ties record held films additional nominations ultimately lost return king second sequel win oscar best picture godfather fantasy film receive honor widely perceived award entire series films nominated actors films won actor trilogy receive nomination work fellowship ring fellowship ring nominations wins towers nominations wins return king nominations wins academy_awards film series won hugo award best dramatic presentation saturn award best fantasy film films won bafta award best film soundtrack towers receive nomination rule prohibiting soundtrack including music previous soundtrack eligible nomination rule changed time return king receive oscar best music score awarded return king best picture award awards ceremony hosted chair organization time called piece filmmaking reactions changes films books film series provoked positive negative reaction fans scholars novels seen changing parts felt thematically necessary terms characters themes events subtlety fans book disagreed changes released fan edits films lord rings edition removed changes bring closer original changes characters considered seen alter tone themes found books critics contend portrayal women especially films thematically faithful compatible writings despite differences scholar said films found adaptations faithful basic level plot characters depicted appearance novel critics argued characters weakened portrayal films changes events participating battle helm deep taking chapter seen changing themes criticized films terms anticipation proposed film script contrasts subtlety jackson tendency soon supporters series assert worthy interpretation book changes necessary worked series fans book including cast actually met person noted matter simply interpretation book jackson said simply story screen mess words sure lord rings pretty damn cool movie fans claim despite changes films serve tribute book appealing read leading encyclopedia online encyclopedia states jackson films exceptional filming story lord rings probably impossible notion partially supported review published criticized lack spirit tone argues conservative community spirit reflected jackson films division fellowship races legacy release films saw surge interest lord rings works vastly increasing impact popular culture rumored family split series son feuding good idea adapt christopher denied claims saying position lord rings unsuitable transformation visual dramatic form suggestions films extent thinking ill differ wholly foundation added expressed feeling described films having book criticized resulting father work result series success major player film business called mold steven_spielberg process industry like jackson founded film production company video game company finally given chance remake film critical box office success successful lord rings series jackson called favourite son new_zealand toured lord playing hours score harry potter films series renewed interest fantasy film genre tourism new_zealand possibly exposure series country tourism industry waking audience familiarity december lord exhibition opened museum wellington new_zealand exhibition traveled seven cities world musical adaptation book launched toronto ontario canada closed poor reviews shortened version opened london united_kingdom summer success films spawned numerous video games kinds merchandise legacy lord rings court cases profits trilogy sixteen cast members sued lack revenue merchandise bearing appearance case resolved court settlement came late died cancer filed lawsuit claiming paid royalties year jackson sued studio profits film slowing development late filed lawsuit february violating original deal rights earn gross films based works trust sought compensation million judge denied option allowed win compensation act studio ignoring contract september settlement dispute trust new line announced clearing potential obstacle making new film based video games numerous video games released supplement film series releases include towers return king age age tactics battle middle earth battle middle earth rise witch king conquest war north lord rings guardians middle earth shadow directed films based novel prequel lord rings novels film unexpected journey released december second film released december film battle armies released december actors lord rings including hugo weaving wood older reprised roles | The Lord of the Rings (film series) | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
8865_MarvelCinematicUniverse | marvel cinematic universe american media franchise shared fictional universe centered series superhero films independently produced based characters appear publications franchise expanded include comic books short films television series shared universe like original marvel universe comic books established crossing common plot elements settings cast characters appeared franchise portraying character original film released began phase films culminating crossover film marvel phase began concluded films currently phase began release captain america civil war expanded universe network television marvel agents abc television season followed online streaming marvel cable television marvel dagger scheduled air includes tie comics published produced series direct video short films viral marketing campaign films universe faux news program franchise seen impressive groundbreaking success terms shared universe critics found films television series suffered service wider universe inspired film television studios comic book character adaptation rights attempt create similar shared focus media outside shared universe including attractions discovery times square television specials film video game commercial development films began planning independently produce films distribute paramount_pictures previously marvel produced superhero films new line cinema including seven year development deal 20th century fox marvel relatively little profit licensing deals studios wanted money films maintaining artistic control projects distribution head marvel film division pleased films sony pleased result decided form hollywood major independent movie studio second command realized unlike men film rights licensed sony fox respectively marvel owned rights core members self professed envisioned creating shared universe creators comic books early 1960s raise capital studio secured funding seven year million revolving credit facility marvel plan release individual films main characters merge crossover film doubted strategy insisted reputation helped secure initial financing resigned following year years old named studio chief order preserve artistic integrity formed person creative committee people familiar comic book lore included president president publishing marvel chief creative officer writer president oversaw committee initially referred shared narrative continuity films marvel cinema universe later term marvel cinematic universe marvel designated continuity company collection fictional alternate november said ideal world releases year include film based existing character featuring new character saying nice rhythm format case evident releases dark world said certainly aim expanded july saying don know model year think fun continue sort thing february stated wants mimic rhythm comic books developed having characters appear films come like big event crossover series films acting big giant reveal multiple release dates films july stated think look dates announced going years number telling pictures year reason laid managing existing franchises film film team ready tell away years don slot find way going titles revealed october said studio firing cylinders right comfortable time increase films year instead changing methods expanding characters universe letting individual films breathe work opposed having team ups outside films stated teaching general movie going audience notion characters existing separately coming specific events going away existing separately worlds like comic readers decades decades people sort accepting time time april revealed pitch helped shape early films marvel cinematic universe saying changed frankly accommodate version knowing wanted going years years helped roster time bit terms idea man story influencing birth early films leading october marvel held press event announce titles phase films event drew comparisons information ready explained wanted san diego comic con year things set plan weeks comic con realized weren going able wanted decide let haven long time singular event announce ready thought early august mid september ended end october september integrated reporting chairman instead ceo reported studios creative committee nominal input films moving forward continue consult productions remained control key film decisions going forward end month story developed future films universe said broad stroke super specific things broad strokes broad loose development movies culmination room sway surprise places end movies hopefully finished feel like meant planned far ahead live breathe individual movies satisfying studio plans direction films event unable secure certain actor reprise role require film rights character february april moving universe phase reflecting said think moments phase new beginnings mark different different different chapter someday complete saga phases added build things people enjoy experiences built kind reach apex reach climax moment structure going start phase captain america civil war leading infinity war culmination films potential superhero fatigue stated year got civil war got doctor strange november completely different movies keeps going long surprising people long falling things similar year guardians galaxy vol spider man homecoming totally different movies long shared thing come source material got marvel logo movies distinct studios properties distributors time distribution rights films changed hands multiple occasions november announced distribute incredible hulk arrangement separate marvel deal paramount distributing marvel films september international success paramount signed deal worldwide distribution rights captain america late december purchased billion october bought distribution rights marvel paramount_pictures paramount logo remaining films promotional material merchandise studio credited end films disney distributed subsequent films july disney purchased distribution rights iron man captain america paramount incredible hulk deal agreement marvel universal marvel owns film rights universal owns distribution rights film right refusal distribute future hulk films according hollywood reporter potential reason marvel bought film distribution rights hulk paramount iron man films universal holds theme park rights marvel characters disney wants theme parks february announced licensing deal allow appear marvel cinematic universe character appearing explored opportunities integrate characters future films financed distributed controlled confirmed reprise role iron man spider man homecoming june clarified initial sony deal apply television series specific certain forth allowed television june launched head july division entered discussions abc create set august abc ordered pilot called writer director involved later renamed marvel agents series soon joined abc agents executive producer stated panel producers writers able read upcoming films know universe heading allowed form general plan end season noted films big quickly lot huge pieces beneficial films television series fill gaps fellow executive producer explained marvel project intended standalone noted series work film division aware plans interfere introducing universe bell elaborated people watch films follow series vice versa noted process unfortunately means gets know stated example series creative team initially wanted use unable plans age october marvel preparing drama series miniseries totaling episodes present video demand services cable providers amazon expressing interest november announced disney provide live action series based leading miniseries based defenders disney ceo stated chosen air shows disney realized use streaming service way grow popularity characters added characters prove popular feature films confirmed series set connecting connect films television series december explained marvel universe thousands heroes shapes sizes save universe save neighborhood place marvel cinematic universe connected doesn necessarily mean look sky iron man different new_york seen marvel movies april explained world previous existing relationship grew kind new_york lent world mean shows going characters different issues different problems different feelings don think varied example continually think films different tone winter soldier guardians galaxy watch feel marvel feel like universe october said opportunity certainly exists characters series appear infinity war march spoke ability series crossover films abc series saying way films started self contained time got practical little crossover appear end earn audience needs understand characters world start september elaborated films referencing television series saying think inevitable point schedules match possible easier shows faster produce things quicker main reasons repercussions winter soldier age time start movie mid way season time movie comes starting season finding timing easy talking marvel potentially making comedy series said january marvel feels humor produce despite possibly fitting darker genre staying grounded real added moments life need bring table overwhelmingly oppressive going explore comic book elements good idea sure audience aware yeah funny january talked release schedule marvel series saying produced scale major film long production times long post times case character crossover makes difficult manage production goal year complex defenders defenders production schedule determine lot season output shows noted potential spin offs characters universe spin series point ordering marvel spin april april abc owned cable network announced marvel dagger based characters straight series order network confirmed series venture described superhero love story premise variety called seamless fit given network target audience age demographic media official tie comic released outlined plan expand comic books saying comics going stories set movie continuity necessarily direct adaptations movies maybe happened screen mentioned movie involved cases maybe writers movies involved marvel comics worked decide concepts carried tie comics leave films marvel clarified tie comics considered official canonical stories rest merely inspired characters film costume comic form august marvel announced series direct video short films called derived label shot comics producer said fun way experiment new characters ideas importantly way expand marvel cinematic universe tell stories live outside plot features short film designed self contained story provides backstory characters events introduced films july stated marvel considering idea introducing established characters ready carry feature films future shots stating potential introduce character level maybe popular introduce short happening march marvel vice president stated animated tie ins works july partnered google produce faux news program series universe youtube videos serving center viral marketing campaign promote films universe business practices developed specific business practices create shared universe including choosing filmmakers considered left field given previous work remarked don directed big giant visual effects movie big giant visual effects movie sort awesome adding worked taken people russo brothers good things rarely good things big giant blockbuster superhero movie hiring directors studio usually idea want presented potential directors course meetings discuss expand course meetings way better initially usually job according joe discussed specific process went join winter soldier explaining met studio times months hired kept getting specific vision putting reference videos script pages like page book character theme movie tone film fighting style liked character didn like meant time hired figured movie studio hired direct captain america respectively sure directors open idea shared universe include set scenes films stated exciting component incorporating references larger universe set future constantly pitching ideas affect movie effect affects films weird sort writers directors working create universe sort organic anthony added great thing marvel cinematic universe like publishing arm vast inter connected universe characters rise fall speak hand characters cinematic universe moves forward start cinematic universe adopt pattern publishing closure characters new beginnings characters hand offs fun anthony said order directors fit marvel understand larger story sic moment connected allowing directors writers work marvel shared universe concept said think way kevin big pieces knows wants build way open interpretation little bit defined gets involved project writers directors involved project winter soldier deal idea subsequently falling joe saying think marvel successful clear plan building emotional capital movie trade film joe later elaborated film creative team come want film ask questions interfere storyline movie going film pull film start looking important early concept created bubble protect idea driven storytelling good attacking movie come movies ahead things happen eye ball mess movie second thing happen don movies mindset let movie worry movie comes began contracting actors multiple films including signing actor unprecedented movie contract july said studio actors sign contracts films norm film deals rare actor contracts feature clauses allows marvel use minutes actor performance film marvel describes material actors obliged appear marvel film asked august wilson said thing marvel looking artists willing chances willing create characters character years years comic books depending create august marvel signed exclusive contract june film television deal contribute creatively phase develop television series set universe march expanded consulting responsibilities saying understand going heading read scripts watch cuts talk directors writers opinion occasionally writing trying anybody soup trying helpful later elaborated story approved everybody knows lay like saying don know need like troublesome actually help dance want honor events movie don want people age movies found working television script great training ground dealing given bunch pieces told fit don russo brothers writers working infinity war phase saw line winter soldier civil war right infinity war films like doctor strange laying culmination infinity war subsequently talked directors writers phase movies weekly basis sure lines right feature films television series short films comic books viral marketing july google began viral marketing campaign promote series universe youtube videos depicting faux news program videos star reprising role iron man films reports discusses issues campaign extension fictional news network seen reporting major events films television series returned april similar marketing campaign captain america civil war videos feature news contains multiple references easter eggs wider supported ongoing universe social media posts reference characters events marketing campaign called produced campaigns far viral marketing goes bits marketing marvel come recurring cast characters list indicator table includes characters appeared multiple media dark grey cell indicates character appeared medium indicates new appearance onscreen photographs additionally actor portray main characters universe voicing artificial intelligence iron man films portraying vision age captain america civil war creator creator characters seen cameo appearances feature films television series reception called marvel cinematic universe complicated impressive said heroes film adaptations overall universe increasingly confusing outlaw screen stated success room improve approach building shared movie universe reviewers criticized fact desire create shared universe led films hold review dark world forbes critic likened television series dark world stand episode contains little long range mythology considered captain america quality productions movies feeling plot lead ups dragged films narratives metaphor world biggest discussed release captain america civil war todd_vanderwerff felt film particular highlighted marvel success model saying viewed complete isolation plot makes little sense think captain america earlier marvel films subject oversight makes lot sense vanderwerff continued thinking television series common criticisms people tend level new context complaints films formulaic lack visual spark story elements necessary set future films characteristics fairly typical television director influence lower showrunner case comparing films series game specifically vanderwerff noted solo film checks characters individual stories bringing finale film guardians galaxy equivalent character separated long distances everybody noted format extension early like film franchises star wars format comics films based suggest film franchises resembling series necessarily good trend vanderwerff concluded generally enjoy marvel movies possibility particular form film industry don think end world marvel continues reason stolen cultural conversation past decades legitimately exciting way medium tells stories good marvel success shows film world learn following conclusion season agents los_angeles_times praised connections series films stating television literally married film charged filling story creating tissue ongoing film franchise agents good right marvel city state faces future perpetual invention puts car television roller coaster ride possible world domination zap2it agreed sentiment stating fact captain america winter soldier influenced game changing terms film television interwoven fault agents time winter soldier release led criticism january hollywood reporter point debate response man trailer stated marvel raised bar high opposed allowing film finish bar overly eager thing doesn clear responded point marvel brand sure offer like trailer like crushing disappointment marvel brand doesn offer kind run mill superhero movie talking different play genre fact upset trailer okay suggests audience expecting knock concluded point expectations fans marvel going eventually seeing portrayal man antagonist film noted hardly secret bit problem comes offering exciting characters heroes fight villains generally fall camps monster matter groups villains fall share common purpose evil motivations evil likely differ invariably fall umbrella belief greater good doesn exist doesn matter fail little time movie actually properly explore motivations meaning purposes villain evil reasons plot necessity little strange thing marvel comic books offer number wonderful colorful bad guys step outside parameters offer alternative formulaic villains audiences gotten arguably bored future movies hope treated way freak flags allowed fly free following release net wrote series rescues marvel takes big steps forward terms theme craft diversity good story superhero second time like matters culture needs stories like hoping marvel keeps coming forbes watching series question feeling morally complex violent dark world place right holding shows like shows contributing absolutely went far wonder point lack major franchise winter soldier reveal agents saying far removed world universe don understand point going separated little boxes conversely called lack overt connections chief advantage demonstrating physically wide open scope proves thematic april revealed appear having cast mariah luke cage previous year raised hopes marvel uniting film strongest connections civil war writers revealed instead portraying film explaining cast suggestion learnt casting luke cage instance actors cast multiple roles casting called significant seen disappointing indication growing divide lack satisfying cooperation following september corporate cultural impact september announced course beginning spring semester revolving taught media genres media examines marvel series films television shows plus related media comic book sources hero journey offer important insights modern culture marvel efforts establish viable universe characters studios release noted aside occasional novelty aliens predator idea shared universe virtually hollywood time shared universe model created begun replicated film studios held rights comic book characters april media analyst stated previous years hollywood studios began planning years come opposed working blockbuster time added lot superhero characters left gather dust disney proved approach genre gold additional studios playing game media analyst feels eventually die audiences marvel going films year going film year sony going film year fox going film year scenario sure october following legal victory estate rights superman announced planned ahead long awaited film uniting batman superman company expected opposite approach marvel releasing individual films characters appeared team film release intended start new shared universe laying future slate films based announced slate films similarly disney marvel claiming dates films years advance year stated television series arrow flash set separate universe new film later look universe film universe exist creatively allowing best possible product tell best story best world vision want let visions shine different approach marvel discussing apparent failure cinematic universe team film batman superman dawn justice establish successful equivalent todd_vanderwerff noted television like showrunner visionary marvel entire slate director films seemingly start assumption people come individual story long series ones like knows needs focus task hand certainly isn immune problem shows caught high concept premises big picture thinking necessary establish characters relationships tend canceled subsequently gave oversight executive attempt unify disparate elements movies emulate marvel success producers films involvement solo films post production process writing process standalone batman film 20th century fox november 20th century fox announced plans create shared universe consisting marvel properties holds rights including fantastic men hiring supervising producer said fox thinking sitting awesome things marvel universe let try going brought oversee meet writers directors suggest new ways stuff new properties spin men days future past released fox step expanding stable marvel properties creating universe ahead release fantastic reboot film year days future past fantastic screenwriter stated film place universe films explaining men movies acknowledged notion sort superhero team fantastic fantastic acquire powers live world prevalent kind complicated like like fantastic live july director said potential crossover franchises reaction fantastic men apocalypse feeling singer efforts apocalypse establish larger world similar meet standards established marvel vanderwerff noted unlike ability serve pseudo showrunner singer instead film way movie stories told comes time apocalypse story threads earlier men class directed entirely singer direction script rely devices clumsy storytelling indicating lack kind big picture thinking sort mega franchise requires november announced studio intended expand universe created series spin adventures supporting characters attempt replicate marvel disney model month sony announced venom sinister films set amazing spider man universe announcement ign stated spin offs latest example refer effect hollywood studios work build movie sony chose replicate model introducing individual characters bringing team film instead making spider man adversaries stars future films february announced spider man franchise new film produced released july character integrated continue finance distribute final creative control spider man films announcement sequels amazing spider man canceled november venom sinister films spin offs based female characters spider man universe longer moving forward march venom film start franchise unrelated spider man sony canceled shared universe plans started sharing spider man character multiple critics discussed failure week noted perceived flaws amazing spider man film outside lead performances sequel doubles original adding textbook example reboot superhero franchise sony marvel wise virtually lessons heart chart course noted amazing spider man sold sequel amazing spider man pilot sinister sony stuck original plan scaled superhero franchise rooted romantic drama stuck crowded field superhero franchises superhero film going bigger distinguished going small intimate saved sony money potentially reversed film relative financial failure outside media live attractions acquisition disney marvel films began marketed attraction exhibit entitled features armor display shown san diego comic con marks vii new mark addition game titled iron man uses like technology allow viewer animated armor series tests fire rays fly workshop game guided voiced exhibit smaller displays include helmets chest pieces earlier films boot action sequence exhibit dark world called treasures features displays relics transports guests throne room greeted captain america winter soldier exhibit captain america living legend symbol courage features meet greet experience san diego comic con revealed tower terror disney california adventure replaced new attraction guardians del filmed exclusive footage attraction reprising roles collector respectively exhibit opened center exhibit features replica set pieces actual props films mixed interactive technology information crafted partnership nasa scientists provides visitors reprising role agent created cost million create ran early september exhibit opened korea war memorial korea april paris year later las_vegas treasure island hotel casino june las_vegas version exhibit featured updated character details corresponding science incorporate marvel films released original exhibit new_york additionally las_vegas version features reprising role visitors replacing television specials assembling universe march abc aired hour television special titled assembling universe documented history development included exclusive interviews scenes footage films shots agents sneak age captain america winter soldier guardians galaxy episodes agents variety felt special contains pretty interesting business creative story sense marvel plan release loosely connected movies hero filled world beginning culminating superhero team fast moving hour cut paste job electronic press kits element certainly special released september home media agents season marvel years pulp pop september agents executive producer stated order meet production demands avoid having air repeat episodes abc likely air marvel special place regular installment point episodes agents second season october special revealed marvel years pulp pop hosted portrays agent winter soldier aired november special features scenes footage age footage agent carter television series previously screened variety felt hour special topic justice adding seen marvel movie mention marvel years pulp pop probably required viewing fun fast paced encompassing company highlights solid marvel history weaving inevitable self promotion ign wished special longer adding know marvel surprised marvel years pulp pop important remember special mainstream audience embraced marvel characters hugely successful movies way imagined books september marvel announced named nod official handbook marvel universe compiled official handbook marvel universe team cover art features facts films film comic comparisons production marvel marvel marvel marvel captain america released month october january respectively video game centered events age game developer scenes films cohesive story game features content iron man dark world captain america winter soldier additional references properties locations characters uses lines dialogue directly films game having actors reprise roles recording new material specifically game characters respectively downloadable content game exclusive initially playstation playstation adds content characters america civil war additional features content agents man features reprising role recording new dialogue acts narration level reprised role new dialogue agents released variety video game platforms january mini marvel february commercial mini cans aired super bowl created partnership marvel directed russo brothers voiced reprising role hulk fight bond mini pictures provided visual effects spot having worked previously characters films hulk previous muscular system simulation process create render character received new motion capture super bowl campaign extended limited edition mini cans packs images marvel characters including hulk falcon iron man captain america consumers opportunity purchase cans finding hidden clues commercial program goes consider making cans available stores social media activity film related trailers aired game | Marvel Cinematic Universe | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
12231_X-Men(filmseries) | men film series men film series american series superhero films based fictional superhero team originally appeared series comic books created published 20th century fox obtained film rights characters numerous drafts hired direct men sequel directed men stand film earned higher box office predecessor spin films released men origins men class men days future past sequel men stand men class released men apocalypse followed men men class men days future past spin offs met positive reviews men days future past best received film series cases critics especially highlighted dark realistic tones dealing discrimination highlighted faithful interpretation source material rating men stand men origins men apocalypse met mixed reviews critics films released men film series seventh highest grossing film franchise time having grossed billion worldwide set continue release film films men film introduces conflict professor led intends world leaders united_nations summit machine built bring acceptance realizes forced result deaths 20th century fox producer bought film rights hired write expressed interest directing eventually signed direct july comic book fan singer fascinated prejudice discrimination men offered wrote script receiving sole credit principal photography began september toronto canada ended march film released july film colonel questions imprisoned professor locating machine attacks locating planet kill team brotherhood prevent worldwide genocide hired write scripts sequel singer pick aim release film december hired write script february writing drafts set principal photography began june vancouver canada ended november film released men stand film company developed gene provoking controversy community declares war humans weapon phoenix resurrected man final battle led storm brotherhood accept order stop grey kill singer initially intended shoot film fourth film left direct penn hired following month story gifted featuring cure suggested primary story came board director february left rushed production schedule later hired director june principal photography began august vancouver canada ended january film released men origins film prequel spin focusing character relationship half brother time shortly skeleton metal hired write screenplay spin film october producer star worked script negotiated studio helm directing men stand agreement july hired director principal photography began january new_zealand ended film released men class film prequel set primarily cuban missile crisis focuses relationship origin groups brotherhood respectively producer thought prequel based young men production later producer suggested 20th century fox adaptation comic book series men class singer signed direct film december march announced singer producing instead directing previously attached direct men stand director wrote final script writing partner film superseded planned men origins writer guild america arbitration credited writer film story principal photography began august london england ended december film released june set events stand film features heading japan reunion soldier named life saved years defend man granddaughter manner assassins went uncredited work men hired write screenplay second film august chosen direct film stating project country long later chosen direct film hired rewrite script principal photography began august sydney australia ended november film released july men days future past set years events film features cast original men trilogy men class story inspired men comic book storyline days future past features going time prevent assassination carried lead creation new weapons system called threatens existence potentially humanity attached direct film left october focus film secret service singer directed men films produced men class replaced director film screenplay written principal photography began april montreal canada ended august film released film operative wade wilson subjected experiment leaves new abilities adopts alter ego hunt man nearly destroyed life attempted produce film distribution deal marvel developing film new line cinema set write direct courted actor lead role lost interest months favor projects 20th century fox acquired following year placed turnaround considering spin development men origins cast role opening weekend success men origins fox lent writers acting producer hired write script january sent draft screenplay following june pursue emerged contender direct april visual effects specialist hired direct principal photography began march vancouver canada ended film released february men apocalypse film powerful awakens thousands years disillusioned world finds recruits team powerful mankind create new world order reign fate earth hangs balance raven help professor lead stop nemesis save mankind destruction december singer announced upcoming men film titled men apocalypse sequel men days future past directed singer script film said focus origin said place complete trilogy began men class principal photography began april montreal canada ended august film released north_america future untitled film november 20th begun negotiations treatment solo film starring director attached produce said inspired stories comic books men apocalypse march hired write script april hired work film script film star final performance professor hinted film adaptation old man logan storyline status confirmed said comic writer february talks return played men origins principal photography commenced march release development october hired write screenplay film character based treatment comic book writer june hired direct left september schedule conflicts november final negotiations direct film film star lead role attached producers said hopes start filming spring principal photography scheduled commence late filming reported start beginning spring september said sequel development release 20th century fox sequel returning write miller looked return director according easter egg end largely tongue cheek film character summers cable appear film hired direct write film adaptation new comic book series acting spin films film written attached produce confirmed characters appear film stated film loyal comics professor confirmed appearance film filming potentially begins early said men film set 1990s screenwriter acknowledged possibility adapting dark phoenix saga adapted original men trilogy films july 20th century fox hired write film adaptation men spin comic book series force attached produce creative consultant 20th century fox based films stated film feature characters protagonists release felt soon force film stated potential rated like reportedly working draft script recurring characters list indicator table shows characters appeared films series dark grey cell indicates character film character presence film announced indicates role younger version character indicates role older version character indicates uncredited role indicates cameo role indicates voice role indicates appearance archival footage crew home media release 20th century released seven films dvd blu ray digital download films released vhs films released vhs dvd blu ray box sets dvd blu ray sales films united_states earned million reception box office performance men films set opening records north_america men highest july opening men stand earned fourth highest opening weekends got largest opening weekend february records films surpassed men films men stand opened lower predecessor didn set opening records north_america highest grossing film series highest opening weekend outside north_america men days future past highest opening weekend highest grossing film series worldwide highest grossing film series men film series second highest grossing film series based characters north_america seventh highest grossing film franchise having earned billion worldwide seventh highest grossing film franchise time having grossed billion critical public response boston_globe praised men films cash bang hollywood franchise movies sport philosophy ideas load causes highly elastic versus morris praised men stand heroes mighty summer blockbuster rare mortal position realism time year unorthodox roger_ebert gave films positive reviews criticized stating powers ill matched hard canvas films highly praised cerebral tone director left series criticized successor felt singer sensitivity discrimination themes men films surprisingly soulful comic based summer singer adept large casts dimensional characters makes shallow bang ups felt men stand isn satisfying men better constructed better paced original men differences quality minor despite change directors single vision new_yorker praised liquid beauty poetic fantasy singer work called film crude synthesizer comedy action singer film series men days future past highly praised wrap felt singer keeps things moving ride getting men films received fans comic books criticism large cast limited ign praised depictions professor storm beast george thought younger characters rogue teenager disappointed characterization observed filmmakers big fans silent small roles villainous director said fan series particularly singer films film historian compared singer films impact ign stated success men film paved way comic book film adaptations spider man series fantastic singer empire magazine called men film catalyst films based characters stating singer movie catalyst come good bad comic book writer said superhero films material books june published comic book prequel film titled men beginnings featuring stories rogue novel adaptation film released marvel released comic book contained detailing backstory time searching published films written video games july men academy released playstation shared title costumes film game contains scenes material film april revenge served tie released microsoft windows playstation xbox served voice actor professor men official game released playstation xbox xbox story set men stand explained departure video game based film released microsoft windows playstation playstation playstation portable wii xbox september men destiny released consoles coincide home media release containing costumes content video games released television series october announced television series based men characters development legion based character ordered pilot attached write pilot produced serve executive producer set air episode season development produced 20th century marvel television set late 1960s supposed follow agent learns power hungry woman extraordinary abilities working clandestine society known world credited creators hired write pilot based story hired act left january focus legacy singer attached executive producers scrapped july | X-Men (film series) | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
14263_Batmaninfilm | batman film fictional character batman comic book superhero featured publications created appeared films inception character starred serial films 1940s batman batman robin character appeared film batman feature film adaptation 1960s series starring starred film end 1980s studio began producing series feature films starring batman beginning film batman directed starring burton returned sequel directed batman directed sequel starred poorly received critics fans leading cancellation course seven years commissioned adaptation batman year batman superman deciding reboot film franchise directed starring returned direct installments trilogy dark knight dark knight rises reprising role films sequels earned billion worldwide making batman second film franchise date pirates caribbean films earn billion worldwide newest actor portray batman motion new including larger crossover film stand film currently development batman appeared multiple animated films starring character ensemble character animated films released direct video animated feature batman mask based 1990s batman animated series released theatrically having earned total batman series fifth highest grossing film series north_america films early films batman batman chapter serial film released serial starred batman robin played villain original character named rounding cast love interest alfred plot based batman government agent attempting defeat japanese agent height world war film notable filmed appearance batman providing core elements batman film introduced bat cave grandfather clock entrance altered played alfred trim physique sported thin contemporary comic book version alfred overweight clean prior serial release comics version alfred altered match austin stayed way batman robin batman robin chapter serial film released played batman played robin supporting players included veteran character actor commissioner gordon plot dealt dynamic duo facing wizard villain identity remains mystery serial end batman batman known batman movie film adaptation popular batman television series length theatrical adaptation comics character 20th century fox release starred batman robin film directed directed pair batman episodes goes straight ain season 1970s 80s late 1970s batman popularity cbs interested producing batman film producers purchased film rights batman october wish definitive dark version batman way envisioned creature night stalking criminals shadows approached write script direct turned offer unsuccessful pitching batman movie studios wanted film similar 1960s series turn film disappointed wrote script titled return batman film industry better idea vision film later compared dark tone dark knight returns script pre dated years november producer headed joined project producers felt best pattern film development superman pitched batman universal pictures studio turned project publicly announced budget million july new_york absorbed left took batman film rights retain profits said rights contractual agreement immediately set shop finally decided accept batman completed script titled batman june focusing batman origins villains romantic interest took inspiration limited series batman strange isbn written comic book artist worked hired concept art batman announced late release date budget million originally wanted unknown actor batman wanted portray low body temperature died come pass number filmmakers attached script including wanted cast batman role robin candidates performed separate writers based script guide project batman took director batman film wrote film treatments wrote screenplay numerous list actors considered role batman cast controversial choice role comedic actor observers doubted portray role accepted role strict conditions dictated high salary portion box office profits shooting schedule final salary reported high million principal photography took place october january budget escalated million million writers guild america strike forced drop performed batman received positive reviews broke numerous box office records won academy award best art direction film grossed million left legacy modern perception superhero film genre burton originally want direct sequel mixed emotions previous film script searching hidden treasure delivered script satisfied burton convinced direct film uncredited rewrite robin climax list actresses lobbied hard role cast signed portray filming started burbank california june released financial success disappointed film box office run earned predecessor released generally positive reviews parental backlash criticized film containing violence sexual thought unsuitable children mcdonald shut happy meal tie batman returns financial success felt film money studio decided change direction batman film series mainstream replaced director burton decided stay producer like new direction film series heading replaced batman donnell introduced robin starred starred face filming started september encountered problems communicating jones released june financial success earning million worldwide academy_award nominations film met mixed reviews critics release started development commissioning fast track adamant june release return scheduling conflicts saint replaced starred freeze starred poison ivy starred donnell reprised role robin principal photography began september finished january weeks ahead shooting schedule released june received primarily negative reviews observers criticized film approach homosexual added film financial success remains commercially successful live action batman film received numerous nominations ranks worst rated superhero films time proposals fifth film batman filming impressed prompting immediately hire reprise directing duties film writer worked turned chance write script late hired write script fifth batman film projected release date announced titled batman incorrectly referred script main villain return batman mind caused fear appeared supporting character written daughter trying kill batman avenge father death donnell set reprise roles batman robin approached role received negative reviews failed predecessors unsure plans studio decided best consider live action batman film adaptation batman year idea suited felt owe batman culture real batman movie basics dark portrayal dark knight approached batman year batman despite interest year comic book fan pitched studio script titled batman giving crime fighting career attending uses position professor psychology head psychiatrist conduct experiments fear element later appear confrontation colleague crane transformation creature known citizens believe nightly activities batman return clear solve mystery struggles man syndrome reunite wife revenge crane crane revenge responsible dismissal university encountering truths past decided forward project passed batman favor year batman robin spin donnell revealed interview access hollywood robin spin planned scrapped proposals batman year batman september developing live action screen adaptation batman written possibility directing adaptation comic book story arc batman year despite interest hired direct write miller previously collaborated script developed draft batman screenplay writers soon lost interest abandoned batman instantly favor batman year miller intended reboot batman franchise somewhat based comic book said toss imagine batman starting completely regular collaborator set cinematographer approached role batman coincidentally cast role time moving forward spin june studio decided forward batman superman abandon year batman superman abandoned script superman direct dropped favor approached direct superman august pitched idea titled batman superman director superman hold hired rewrite walker batman superman draft dated june going mental breakdown year retirement crime fighting commissioner gordon dead bruce finds fiancée struggling recent divorce clark bruce close friends clark bruce best man kills elizabeth honeymoon bruce revenge clark tries hold bruce blames clark death ultimately revealed entire plot batman superman destroy decide team stop play character batman film trilogy simultaneously approached portray batman batman year offered role superman filming start early plans month shoot release date set summer canceled development focus individual superman batman projects submitted draft superman according chief torn fascinating concept batman versus superman film opening scene legend billboard displays superman symbol batman symbol times square meant joke film writer wrote script batman superman commercials commercials series television commercials featuring batman created agency aired beginning ads based film series basically amalgamation directors visuals example batman combination worn commercials featured batman theme films actor portrayed batman ads reprised role films batman motion picture anthology ads actress played actor played curtis armstrong played following rejected batman origin story reboot pitched december hired script duo aimed darker realistic tone humanity realism basis film film primarily shot united_kingdom chicago relied traditional stunts scale models minimal use computer generated imagery starred batman starred starred movie bruce love interest role created film alfred played portrayed new called mobile created specifically film critically commercially successful film opened june united_states canada theaters grossed million opening weekend eventually grossing million worldwide film received overall approval rating rotten_tomatoes critics noted fear common motif film remarked darker tone compared previous batman films film nominated bafta awards listed empire greatest movies time maintained standing dark knight reprised duties director brought brother write script second installment dark knight featured reprising role batman bruce wayne principal photography began april chicago concluded november locations included london hong_kong january completed filming dark knight died bad combination medication created viral marketing campaign dark knight developing promotional websites trailers highlighting screen shots death studio promotional campaign film received broad critical acclaim set numerous records theatrical run billion revenue worldwide 21st highest grossing film time inflation film received academy_award nominations won award best sound editing posthumously awarded best supporting actor dark knight rises wanted story final installment emotionally invested superficial level ask question reasoned good movies franchise people returned finding necessary way continue story feared midway filming find sequel redundant intended complete batman trilogy december completed rough story outline committed inception february work screenplay commencing left work superman reboot writing script based story brother cast plays cast cast filming began concluded november chose film focusing improving image quality scale format hoped push technological boundaries making style film consistent previous meetings vice president work logistics projecting films digital venues featured scenes shot dark knight expressed interest shooting film entirely release received positive critical response successful box office going predecessor tenth highest grossing film time grossing billion unlike predecessors film nominated year eligibility academy awards surprise film industry film mortal february pre production dark knight hired husband wife duo script film featuring younger batman separate franchise hired direct following september cast batman month later filming nearly commenced sydney pushed writer guild america strike denied percent tax lack australian actors film production offices moved canada expected july start planned summer theatrical release date ultimately canceled following success dark knight hammer option contract studio willing proceed finish trilogy separately extended universe batman superman dawn justice june source told wrap discussing films superman batman film announced superman batman unite new film follow taking inspiration comic dark knight returns set release stated superman 75th anniversary panel comic con batman superman face titles consideration superman batman batman superman august hollywood reporter announced casting january announced film delayed original july release date order filmmakers time realize fully vision given complex visual nature story film release moved march avoiding high profile showdown captain america civil war suicide squad february developing film producing writing script september signed direct write screenplay film set produce film november march announced appear film portrayed respectively smith shortly filming finished hired script new film june release june hired write new script draft scrapped april announced directing script reportedly rewrite following july having impressed rewrite batman superman march revealed signed picture deal carries sequel minor appearance batman july revealed talks direct star write screenplay stand batman film january hinted inspired batman superman dawn justice director possibly film march claimed appearance robin suit covered graffiti dawn justice explored later identity deceased character intentionally unspecified following release dawn justice ceo confirmed written screenplay standalone batman film hoped optioned direct ceo confirmed april studio moving ahead stand batman film actor star direct confirmed tied batman stated solo batman film borrow comics mainly original story confirmed film director animated films batman solo mask set continuity batman animated series voicing batman set continuity batman animated series voicing batman return set continuity batman voicing batman mystery set continuity voicing batman batman set continuity batman voicing batman red hood adaptation batman hood voicing batman year adaptation batman year voicing batman dark knight returns adaptation half dark knight returns voicing batman dark knight returns adaptation second half dark knight returns voicing batman adaptation super heroes voicing batman son batman loose adaptation batman son jason voicing batman assault set continuity batman voicing batman batman batman unlimited animal instincts batman bad blood animated film featuring jason voicing batman batman killing joke adaptation batman killing joke voicing batman spin heroes justice league based comic voicing batman based comic voicing batman crisis loose adaptation comics voicing batman based voicing batman based fisher price voicing batman doom based tower voicing batman based voicing batman adventures trapped time original story voicing batman war based origin voicing batman batman animated television special reprising role batman video games throne atlantis based voicing batman gods monsters reprising role comics super heroes reprising role movie series themed version batman appears voiced character receives spin film voiced batman collection original shorts voicing batman cast characters reception box office performance critical public response academy_awards | Batman in film | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
15679_Halloween(franchise) | halloween franchise halloween american horror franchise consists films novels comic books merchandise video game franchise focuses fictional character committed child murder older sister years later escapes stalk kill people illinois chased psychiatrist michael killings occur holiday halloween films primarily place films collectively grossed million box office worldwide original halloween released written directed carpenter sequels writers directors attached antagonist films halloween iii season witch story direct connection film series carpenter hand writing sequel direct involvement rest films film series ranked fourth united_states box office adjusted dollars compared american horror franchises halloween film credited beginning long line films inspired franchise began novel appeared year release film seven sequels followed director produced remake film direct sequel remake released years later films overview original halloween written directed tells story kills teenage halloween night film begins year old killing teenage sister halloween fictional town illinois subsequently hospitalized years later michael escapes returns hometown friends film ends michael shot times psychiatrist halloween picks events halloween left michael body missing lawn fell shot michael follows local hospital killing gets story reveals actually michael sister given adoption infant michael corners operating room causes explosion escapes michael flames room finally falling dead appear halloween iii season witch installment follows story tries solve mysterious murder patient hospital patient daughter ellie travels small town california pair discover company run attempting use mystic powers rocks ancient aspects celtic festival connects silver halloween masks achieve goal achieved children wearing masks watch commercial airing halloween night contacts television stations convinces station managers remove commercial film ends screaming final station turn commercial halloween return title suggests features return film series film reveals michael survived fire halloween coma night transferred smith grove michael comes coma died car accident daughter michael escapes transport heads search fellow survivor goes learning michael escaped transfer eventually police track michael shoot times falls shaft picking directly previous film ends halloween revenge michael surviving fall year later showing signs connection michael tracks local child mental health clinic bait manages capture michael film ends michael taken police custody broken jail mysterious stranger dressed black halloween curse picks story approximately years events mysterious stranger broke michael jail kidnaps effort obtain illegitimate child escapes newborn michael pursuit michael kills continues searching baby infant found young boy film brings home safety revealed michael driven curse forces person kill entire family order save civilization mysterious stranger revealed colleague group people protect chosen individual complete task help adoptive cousin tommy keeps infant michael followers michael finally subdued tommy large quantities inside smith grove film ends walking find michael events halloween halloween effectively ignored halloween years later film opens years events second film faked death hiding brother michael working head mistress private school continues live fear brother return son john attends school teaches fear reality michael shows school begins killing friends eventually come face face manages john girlfriend safety decides return school face michael succeeds stopping michael satisfied knows truly dead steals body michael halloween resurrection picks years reveals michael swapped clothes crushing talk killed unable deal killing innocent man fact michael committed mental institution michael shows institution captures fear making mistake twice gets better attempts remove mask surprises kills michael travels family home finds group college students filming internet reality michael proceeds kill finally surviving student creator rhymes remake original halloween released film focuses events led kill family identifies sister early original film halloween michael murders school bully older sister boyfriend mother boyfriend committed michael closes seventeen years later escapes heads find younger sister psychiatrist pursuit michael finds sister living family going killing friends family michael kidnaps attempts explain brother use picture kept infant unable understand fights eventually uses gun shoot michael head sequel remake titled halloween picks right leaves jumps ahead year presumed dead vision deceased mother informs track scout come home film michael mental link sharing visions mother development viewing film assault milan film festival independent film producer sought carpenter direct film killer stalking carpenter began drafting story titled murders title changed request suggesting setting changed halloween night naming halloween instead fronted film budget worried tight schedule low budget carpenter limited experience filmmaker finally decided finance film carpenter relayed entire film way frame frame opted fees directing film low budget forced wardrobe props crafted items hand purchased included trademark mask worn film production designer art director location scout editor created michael mask halloween mask purchased limited budget dictated filming location time schedule halloween filmed days spring primarily california abandoned house owned church stood house homes orange grove avenue hollywood film climax following success halloween began working halloween initial discussion filming halloween idea came fruition halloween released carpenter hill approached creating halloween film reluctant pledge commitment pair agreed participate new project direct sequel halloween meant filming halloween iii took place location small coastal town california familiar foods milk plant served factory special effects involving fire smoke explosions filmed halloween iii released brought franchise return stayed remainder series sequels follow series break years june dimension announced director creating installment halloween franchise approached making film zombie fan original halloween friend jumped chance halloween film dimension films dimension went public news zombie felt inform respect plans remake film carpenter request zombie film zombie film combine elements prequel remake original concept considerable original content new film zombie wanted character felt michael familiar audiences result scary zombie deeper mythology michael mask given story provide explanation wears instead having character simply steal random mask hardware store original film zombie wanted bring michael closer wanted mask way michael hide sequel remake announced french filmmakers negotiations direct instead zombie resigned write direct sequel film taking place directly end remake interview zombie expressed exhaustion creating halloween want come sequel year cooling open idea writer director explains sequel longer bound sense needing retain wants instead focusing michael zombie chose look psychological consequences events remake zombie explains michael murdered friends family wreck continually lower film moves forward music composed music films halloween carpenter chose use piano melody played time rhythm instead symphonic soundtrack critic calls score relatively simple admits halloween music strongest assets carpenter stated interview play keyboard read write note end credits carpenter bills bowling green orchestra performing film score receive assistance composer music professor score halloween variation compositions film particularly main theme familiar piano melody played score performed synthesizer organ piano halloween reviewer bbc described revised score having gothic feel reviewer asserted doesn sound good original piece remains classic piece music music remained important element establishing atmosphere halloween iii halloween halloween symphonic score music composed false audience soundtrack composed worked score halloween score halloween iii differed greatly familiar main theme original sequel carpenter replaced familiar piano melody slower electronic theme played synthesizer explains carpenter composed music film music style evolved film soundtrack working exclusively synthesizers produce music led certain procedural routine film transferred time coded video tape synchronized track master audio recorder watching film compose music visual images entire process goes rapidly instant allowing evaluate score picture asset box office halloween franchise compared grossing american horror franchises nightmare street friday 13th series saw scream adjusting inflation fourth highest grossing horror franchise united_states approximately million list topped friday 13th million followed series million film series closely follows million following halloween saw series million scream million million million child play film series rounding list approximately million future june announced new halloween film time titled halloween released october time announcement director writer attached project originally labeled writers dropped occupancy reboot confirmation new script written cast crew members previous films series involved film dropped release schedule march work progressed film february announced writing new halloween film producing june announced moving ahead halloween sequel tentatively titled halloween returns directing film standalone film set audiences years initial pit new group year old child victims plays central role child cop long obsessed case putting daughter death row kids personal killer sneak watch execution things escapes pair friends find firing line october producer expressed wishes postpone production new halloween film insists iteration extra time result better film said halloween returns somewhat new news unfortunately things happen hollywood issues studios different step trying figure beast new halloween bit delay new halloween isn going announced people expecting making changes december announced longer rights halloween franchise cancellation planned film halloween returns confirmed time announced developing new halloween film finance set produce project act creative consultant stated thirty years original halloween going help try 10th sequel documentary years terror dvd released july featuring documentary halloween films narrated featuring interviews cast members filmmakers halloween films lot footage series panel discussions members casts crews halloween films plus celebrities filmmakers film critics panel discussions took place year anniversary convention california filming locations original halloween october extended versions interviews featured documentary produced television special titled halloween inside story premiered october literature novels original halloween released novelization movie followed year later written book follows events film expands festival michael time halloween halloween iii season witch halloween received write halloween released alongside film counterpart martin included additional victim michael novel halloween released october written followed events film adapted august films month period published young adult novels written novels original stories created direct continuity films released october titled scream factory follows group friends set haunted house attraction basement killed second novel released december focuses moves house family michael returns home begins stalking attacking mary friends final novel released february features young girl joins documentary film crew travels haunted locations currently headed confronted michael comic books halloween comic published chaos comics simply titled halloween intended issue special eventually sequels spawned halloween halloween iii devil eyes stories written writer halloween curse assisting issue worked illustrations main protagonist issues focusing attempts kill issue includes story michael childhood picks events film halloween comics based concept halloween approached producers pitch follow halloween idea incarcerated crimes escape reunite study journals find michael childhood movie explored michael time smith grove relationship returning tommy attacked adult defeating removing mask discover taken brother mantle logic contracted cameo halloween cameo significant surprising possible studio follow pitch able tell story comic book form good scare released written illustrated main character comic young girl saw alongside original film wanted bring character roots away film sequels good scare came wanted produce comic book celebrate series fifth anniversary sold halloween convention positive reception good scare hoped use comic demo getting distribution deal unable rights issues waiting acquire rights publish halloween comics worked documentary halloween years terror developed ideas possible halloween stories connected larger tale idea use serial aspect comic books create different storylines possible films july insert inside dvd release years released halloween written artwork story photographer assigned pictures photographer carter follows begins obsession finally meeting person results death reboot film series ensured halloween comics contradicted upcoming films allowing creative freedom approached devil publishing possibility producing line halloween comics worked reality convinced strong support good scare comic books audience released issue new comic book halloween issue mini series contain characters michael films issues titled shape void silent clown rainbow color stars came crashing issue shape void takes place october falls halloween halloween resurrection issue follows michael lisa eighteen year old girl chronic fear darkness explains attempt escape dense continuity film series recreate tone film michael lisa original halloween sequels established sibling bond actually motivation stalking aim establish credible dangerous force august saw release devil halloween years terror celebrate anniversary halloween franchise comic book shot collection short stories inspired original trick treat features unseen characters film tommy run help shows murder point view michael victim visiting hours sees reflecting life brother found tommy reveals grew write comic books featuring final story repetition tries predict michael strike halloween writer explains came unlike previous decades halloween film coming acknowledge occasion devil released issue mini series halloween death late written artwork story bridges gap halloween halloween focusing aftermath murders explains trying better trying repair start going horror try resume don know anymore michael appears series clear real seeing things fan revelation michael siblings took steps address problem story wanted avoid plot middle sequels felt character shape approach story incidental sister believed evolution fertile ground storyline says death interesting fall leads happening faked death simple mechanics covered sentence state mind events leading rich character dramatic potential online stories halloween comic books place halloween timeline halloween continuity comments unpopular lot fans ignoring previous movies preferred simplicity storyline convoluted mythology films created admits timeline fans know exactly happened halloween remedy pitched halloween sam way paying tribute character written featuring illustrations sam prose short story available exclusively download website explores life including backstory relationship journalist met world war visits ailing hospital murders elizabeth attempts stop dies failure merchandise released video game version released halloween game game player protect children managed inside house game called halloween featured film theatrical poster cover art movie main music theme game refers characters including killer names film halloween franchise seen merchandise like toys dolls statues model kits snow movie posters masks shirts hats appearances form dolls toys toys plastic alongside figure set produced mask reproduced years mask company responsible creation masks halloween films novelty factory seen halloween iii actually shot location factories mask commonly found costume stores halloween license produce masks given company commissioned creation mask halloween resurrection granted license trick produce versions mask halloween clean version famous blood tears halloween series lives dvd form versions original halloween including special extras like free merchandise additional footage missing previous dvd releases film sequels published universal_studios october original halloween released blu ray time december reports producer cut halloween curse dvd release future following blu ray release original halloween films series subsequently released blu ray home video distributors scream factory released halloween blu ray september box set brings halloween films released date versions released standard disc set featuring original films series remakes limited edition disc set containing films discs extra discs featuring television versions halloween halloween released halloween producer cut bonus disc halloween bonus disc containing new special features films box set won saturn award best dvd collection release | Halloween (franchise) | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
18015_FantasticFourinfilm | fantastic film fictional superhero team fantastic featured publication appeared live action films inception plots deal main characters known formally adapt attain bought film rights characters low budget film produced owned distribution deal 20th century fox second fantastic film entered production fantastic released sequel fantastic rise silver released films received negative reviews critics earned combined million worldwide box office 20th century fox disappointment box office return fantastic rise silver potential fantastic film spin film canceled development reboot announced directed fantastic released august received negative reviews critics public sequel reboot scheduled released june removed fox upcoming slate films fantastic story film focused bombarded cosmic rays experimental space craft process acquired extraordinary abilities acquired film rights fantastic hired produce low budget film order rights adaptation titled fantastic trailer released theaters cast director went promotional tour film officially released film accused copy meaning license stated actors idea situation instead believing creating proper release marvel comics paid exchange film negative 20th century fox ahead big budget adaptation film released theaters home video released video distributors original film series fantastic story features getting hit space storm boarding space station result radiation storm new abilities powers deal ways hired 20th century fox write direct film attached script written columbus later left project year worked script following year signed director film announced august aimed july release date decided leave project film served replacement april reed contemplated making film period piece set early 1960s space race later dropped film april hired direct principal photography began august vancouver canada shoots carried starring film released july fantastic rise silver story inspired fantastic comic book storyline trilogy comic book ultimate extinction features cosmic energy affecting planet earth leaving planet set impending wedding reed susan recruits fantastic help stop separately gain help doom fantastic grossing million worldwide 20th century fox hired director screenwriter december return work sequel hired write screenplay principal photography began august vancouver canada film released june 20th century fox disappointment box office performance film potential fantastic film spin film canceled reboot fantastic story loosely based ultimate fantastic comic books features people alternate universe physical form grants new abilities learn harness abilities work team save earth familiar enemy august development reboot fantastic film franchise announced 20th century fox july hired direct hired write screenplay receiving credit casting began january announcement cast occurred following months principal photography began louisiana ended august year starring film released august sequel originally planned removed studio schedule november recurring cast characters list indicator table includes characters appeared film dark grey cell indicates character film character presence film announced crew home media release 20th century released fantastic fantastic rise silver dvd blu ray digital download films released dvd blu ray box sets reception box office performance fantastic film series fourth highest grossing film series based characters spider man films men film series respectively grossing million north_america million worldwide critical public response fantastic films date positively received critics called film silly film heroic intentions actual assets miami herald gave negative reviews fantastic films directed rise silver stated story sort efficient job film keeping things basic level movie aimed exclusively set gave story fantastic films good reviews called film cinematic sugar buzz second film entertaining film doesn welcome fantastic film weakest reviewed series criticised dark tone character arcs designs especially doom bland acting poorly written story directed film satisfied posting message twitter stating better version film ruined fox later deleted message | Fantastic Four in film | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
19442_Spider-Maninfilm | film fictional character comic book superhero created featured publications appeared live action films inception animated film works alter ego talented young freelance photographer aspiring scientist abilities radioactive genetically altered spider live action film based american television film premiered cbs network starred intended pilot short lived weekly episodic series rights films featuring character purchased moved production companies studios secured hired direct starring films met positive reviews critics film met mixed reviews sony announced franchise hired direct starring amazing spider man released positive reviews amazing spider man saw mixed reviews trilogy grossed nearly billion worldwide million total budget films grossed billion million total budget spider man films sixth highest grossing film franchise having grossed billion collectively february sony disney announced deal share spider man film rights leading new iteration introduced integrated younger version played appears distributed disney starring spider man homecoming distributed sony early films amazing spider man pilot episode amazing spider man television series released feature film outside united_states episodes television series edited released outside united_states feature film titled film method released dragon challenge july released theatrical spin series cartoon festival film directed directed episodes series week film release character introduced film played began appearing episodes series like rest series film available streaming marvel official website development cannon films superman iii feature film adaptations comic book properties low priority hollywood 1990s brief option expired optioned property cannon films cannon chiefs cousin agreed pay marvel comics year option period plus percentage film revenues rights revert marvel film april preparing invaders mars director misunderstood concept character thought like wolf man said director instructed writer creator outer limits write treatment reflecting stevens story corporate scientist intentionally subjects badge photographer radioactive bombardment transforming armed monster human refuses join scientist new master race battling succession kept basement laboratory unhappy perceived comic book creation marvel pushed new story screenplay written cannon variation origin story teacher mentor college aged accident creates spider man scientist doctor octopus results mad pursuit proof causes electromagnetic anti gravity effects threatens new_york_city world directed cannon successful film replaced new director hired rewrite script creator added action scenes non canonical comic villain gave catch phrase altered goal quest anti gravity pen minor polish rewrite scouted locations studio facilities europe oversaw storyboard supervised cannon planned film substantial budget million casting finalized expressed interest actor stunt man posed cannon promotional photos ads public appearances coming actor discussed leading role considered expressed desire play editor considered aunt sympathetic scientist police detective cannon finances expensive superman quest peace masters universe company proposed budget million director opted unwilling compromised spider man company commissioned low budget writers finally company director script alterations associated character marvel appeared photo covers comic read draft commented written script good needed little work unfortunately subsequent rewrite writers went good bad terrible cannon financial crises project shut spending million project owned corrupt italian acquired cannon filmmaking cousins parted remaining associated leaving run 21st century film corporation keeping number properties including lieu cash buy extended option marvel january shelved low budget attempted finance independent production original big budget script laid cannes 21st century announced september start date ads script standard practice pre sold film raise production funds television rights bought home video rights wanted establish studio franchise attached director point submitted new screenplay columbia late actually script adjusted date studio requested rewrite hired turned draft grew 21st century hired draft covered script readers columbia columbia script analysts considered submissions essentially story tentative production deal set said 21st century supposed talking columbia way looks columbia end buying 21st century 21st century actively immersed mounting spider man sending original script production bids contacted canadian effects company light motion corporation visual effects turn offered stop motion clash end shooting variety carried announcement received completed screenplay script bore names barry sic pen marvel executive script text identical submitted columbia previous year addition new date cameron frequently linked project director choice octopus months later submitted page alternate story copyright registration dated screenplay narrative story outline told spider man origin variations comic book characters electro villains electro named instead max parody corrupt instead character simply named accident involving mixing lieu getting caught nuclear blast beach story battle atop revealing identity addition treatment heavy profanity having sex brooklyn bridge treatment reflected elements previous scripts stevens treatment organic web shooters villain join coming master race original screenplay rewrite weird electrical storms causing freak magnetic events location draft villain addicted toxic super powers multiple experimental spiders escapes bites peter causing nightmare frank script stolen cash surprised new screenplay criminal assault extended option agreement marvel april ceased active production continued financial legal problems litigation agreed lawyers simply previous contract template clause agreement gave cameron right decide movie advertising credits business trade articles advertisements mention actively assembling elements film complained publicly finally instigated legal action contractual guarantee credit producer hand cameron contractual right decide credits eventually sued columbia recover broadcast home video rights studios 20th century fox litigation contested participation claiming services director contract 21st century marvel went bankrupt dated march mgm acquired 21st century film library assets received rights drafts versions screenplay written jon sic writers mgm sued 21st century alleging fraud original deal cannon marvel marvel emerged bankruptcy reorganization plan merged company courts determined original contract marvel rights expired returning rights marvel matter completely resolved marvel licensed rights columbia subsidiary mgm disputed legality claiming spider man rights cannon 21st century meantime chief executive moved familiar legal history producer claim rights related james_bond characters elements announced columbia produce alternate series based material acquired columbia columbia original film spoof casino production studios faced rival projects long term financial stability plans columbia consistent movie franchise sought reliable source theatrical income new james_bond film years alternate series diminish eliminate power long running bond series likewise film columbia plans create exclusive cash cow sides strong arguments rights films studios trade march columbia relinquished rights create new series exchange mgm giving claim columbia acquired rights previous scripts exercised options cameron material completed multi author screenplay subsequent decade attempts truly went production spider man films distributed primary film production holding sony directed reboot sequel directed served producer death films follows orphaned high popular girl door science class field trip peter genetically engineered super spider result peter gains abilities including increased strength speed abilities scale walls generate organic beloved cliff murdered teenager realizes use newfound abilities protect new_york_city wealthy industrialist father peter best friend subjects experimental performance enhancing creates split personality military norman green begins city peter battle trying express true feelings spider man years events film peter struggles balance superhero private lives engaged continues believe responsible father death contends scientist alfred octopus mechanical fused spine sets recreate fusion based experiment destroy new_york_city spider man spider man picks year events second film peter seeing succeeds father new green grace like peter photographer sets thomas church escaped convict falls particle shape shifting sand monster later known peter later learns killed causing peter dark intentions grow enhanced appearance mysterious black alien substance bonds peter resulting formation new black costume peter separates alien finds new host form resulting creation venom canceled films spider man spider man entered development attached direct cast members set reprise roles fourth fifth film planned time idea shooting sequels concurrently consideration stated march fourth film development time fifth sixth films films actually continuation hired october pen screenplay initial reports early contact wrote spider man film script rewritten october sony engaged write scripts expressed interest portraying transformation villainous alter ego character actor producer enthusiastic idea discussed desire upgrade cameo appearance significant role later revealed reported december negotiations play vulture play transformed comics instead expected new figure called years later stated going concept art revealed june showed inclusion opening montage going list villains vulture serving main antagonist disagreements sony threatened push film intended release date announced january plans canceled withdrawal project reportedly ended participation doubt meet planned release date time film creatively admitted unhappy way turned pressure fourth film best went script different hated venom july revealed venom spin works studio commissioned write script rejected following year september signed write signed cameo film later revealed written drafts film studio pushing film forward latest draft spider man assigned rewrite venom script direct film venom march chronicle director negotiated sony interest directing film ross left development direct hunger games june amazing spider man producer speaking fellow producer project venom film suggested follow shared universe model film trying giving away hopefully worlds live peace someday films amazing spider man sony announced franchise new director new cast amazing spider man released july focused developing abilities high school fights monstrous form father partner scientist amazing spider man film takes place years film events graduates high school continues relationship gwen electricity manipulating electro canceled films sequels june announced set release dates spider man films film scheduled released june fourth scheduled released confirmed return film november chief told analysts ambition creating bigger universe spider man number scripts works stated contract films unsure involvement fourth film february sony announced return direct amazing spider man film march stated directing fourth film like remain consultant series july told ign working film star trek film revealed interview film continuing production possibility seeing film july announced amazing spider man delayed announcement february new franchise sequels amazing spider man canceled spin offs december sony issued press release viral site announcing films development writing spin amazing spider man focused venom attached direct writing focused villain team sinister eye direct oversee development production films studio april announced direct sinister film spin offs released fourth amazing spider man potentially appearing spin offs later month revealed sinister film redemption story film lineup differ comics july announced sinister scheduled release november august sony looking release female centered spin film writing given venom spin potential title venom despite announcement february new franchise sinister venom female led spin films set amazing spider man franchise moving forward expected creatively involved films sinister film canceled amazing spider man commercially november prospective spin films canceled licensing agreement december following computers sony marvel revealed discussions allowing appear marvel cinematic universe film captain america civil war having control film rights remaining sony talks studios broke instead sony considered having return direct new trilogy february announced appear marvel cinematic universe character appearing marvel cinematic universe film sony releasing film produced president continue finance distribute exercise final creative control spider man films month indicated version character confirmed april stated marvel working add october following june clarified initial sony deal allow character appear television series specific certain forth allowed captain america civil war reports indicated film appear deal captain america civil war joe directors captain america civil war lobbied months include character film stated despite marvel telling plan deal sony fail created important spider man film adding envisioned movie end screen tested lead role portrays chemistry chosen search actors test russo brothers june narrowed actors considered holland screen tested holland testing portrays captain america emerged favorite june jointly announced holland play following month talks role parker later appearing civil war homecoming homecoming scheduled released july film directed screenplay holland reprise roles parker iron man respectively joined production began june atlanta georgia animation april sony announced lord writing producing spider man animated comedy development revealed mail leak year duo previously courted sony studio animation division spider man animation independent live action adaptations currently set release december president unveiled film logo working title declared visually film break new ground superhero genre june hollywood reporter reported direct animated film recurring cast characters creators appeared films film grabs young girl falling debris battle green times square gag reel film reveals stan showing sunglasses men film spider man appears saving falling debris battle doctor octopus building spider man man street talking explaining people difference says famous line said series lee appears librarian amazing spider man listening music books oblivious ongoing battle graduation guest amazing spider man captain america civil war lee plays delivery man long time colleague appeared films announcer wrestling ring peter gave spider man instead human spider peter wanted introduced spider man usher refuses let peter enter theater play arriving late spider man campbell appears french crew home media trilogy released dvd released exclusively disc sets vhs film released single disc editions films later packaged motion picture dvd trilogy box set initially film released individually high definition blu ray format films available blu ray boxed set film called films lacked bonus features dvds contain cuts film sony announced april films released june dvds films reinstated selection bonus features missing earlier blu ray releases reissue include bonus disc additional special features appeared earlier blu ray releases films comprise trilogy available itunes reception box office films set new opening day records north_america opening weekend films north american rankings films based ranking second ranking ranking fourth north_america spider man ranked fourth fifth superhero films film ranking fifth worldwide superhero films dark knight spider man successful films produced north_america critical public response newsweek enjoyed fun film watch considered little self important good saw spider man return form finding chapter tom charity cnn appreciated films moral convictions noting vast improvement visual effects film saw second film engaging villain applauded film triumph cgi time enjoyed action films thought better action movies characters franchise genre praised superb debut superhero superior sequel fans spectacle story covert expressed disappointment ambitious multiple storylines leaving feeling new_york_times enjoyed humor films found missing installment noted franchise stories grown progressively interesting special effects improved ranked films favorite favorite spider man missed presence doctor octopus second film found film despite bigger necessarily better satisfying conclusion | Spider-Man in film | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
22090_Fridaythe13th(franchise) | friday 13th franchise friday 13th american horror franchise comprises films television novels comic books tie merchandise franchise mainly focuses fictional character drowned boy camp crystal lake camp staff decades later lake rumored cursed setting series mass murders jason featured films killer motivation killings original film written produced directed returned write direct sequels films grossed million box office worldwide film created cash success halloween success led paramount_pictures purchase licensing rights friday 13th produced films developed television friday 13th series paramount released television series connected franchise character setting created based idea bad luck film series franchise owned paramount films adapted novels friday 13th iii adapted separate authors franchise sold returned producer oversee additional films addition crossover film character film series new line cinema comic book series featuring jason published films popular critics friday 13th considered successful media franchises america success films extensive merchandising repeated references series popular culture franchise popularity generated fanbase created friday 13th films fashioned replica costumes bodies friday 13th artwork jason hockey mask recognizable images popular culture films overview original friday 13th murders teenagers preparing opening determined ensure camp reopen son jason drowned lake staff members supposed watching having sex counselor king long grab friday 13th jason revealed alive fully grown killing jason returns guard years later group teenagers arrive set new camp jason murders field amy steel counselor jason attempts kill finds cabin woods shrine built severed head fights jason shoulder jason left dead taken away ambulance events friday 13th iii removes shoulder finds way local homestead chris returns property friends jason kills barn hiding taking hockey mask victim hide face jason leaves barn kill rest group chris seemingly kills jason axe head night events drive police away friday 13th final chapter continues iii leaves jason found police taken local removing axe arrival jason kills nurse returning group friends rent house fall victim jason killing teens jason seeks live door distracted jason attacked killed tommy friday 13th new beginning follows committed mental health institution events grew constantly afraid jason return uses jason persona killer halfway home tommy moved tommy supervisor pam young boy named manage defeat roy eventually learn roy son murdered patients institution triggering roy jason likeness kill friday 13th begins tommy visiting jason grave released mental institution tommy inadvertently piece fence surrounding cemetery acting lightning rod jason immediately heads kills people working new summer camp tommy eventually chains jason boulder lake leaves jason die friday 13th vii begins length time jason resurrected time tina trying father drowned lake tina child jason begins killing occupy returned lake battle tina jason resurrected friday 13th viii underwater electrical cable follows group students senior class cruise manhattan kills ship crew majority students reaching manhattan jason chases sean remaining students jason eventually away sewer flooded toxic waste hell final friday jason unexplained resurrection hunted fbi fbi sets sting successfully kills jason possession jason manages survive passing black heart revealed sister niece needs body jason niece stabs mystical dagger dragged hell takes place future jason resurrected scientist decides suspension method stopping jason breaks free kills army personnel guarding imprisoned manages lure jason chamber tank years later team students studying earth discover jason body space team proceeds murder aboard spacecraft seemingly killed resurrected version finally ejected space lands planet earth friday 13th film jason crossover set contemporary period jason sends hoping create fear residents strong invade dreams jason refuses stop killing battle dream world outcome left ambiguous jason surfaces lake holding severed head laughs new friday 13th film restarted film series continuity released film witnessing mother beheaded young age adult follows footsteps kills comes jason subsequently kidnaps young woman resembles mother young age weeks disappearance brother comes look pair reunite work seemingly kill jason development original friday 13th produced directed previously worked filmmaker house left inspired success halloween wanted friday 13th shocking visually stunning jump seat house left wanted friday 13th roller coaster ride film meant real scary movie time audiences laugh concept friday 13th began title long night camp blood working title drafted script believed friday 13th moniker rushed place advertisement worrying owned rights title wanting avoid potential lawsuits thought best find immediately commissioned new_york advertising agency develop visual concept friday 13th logo consisted big block letters glass end believed problems title distributor contends issue movie called friday 13th orphan moderately successful threatened sue don know paid finally resolved following success friday 13th paramount_pictures began plans sequel immediately acquired worldwide distribution rights according chairman ceo wanted event teenagers flock theaters friday night latest episode initial ideas sequel involved friday 13th title series films released year separate scary movie right owner producer original film insisted sequel son appearance end original film meant joke associate producer film believed idea ultimately directed sequels opted return director chair studio continued generate sequels years based financial success produced compared relatively low budgets film repeating basic premise filmmakers came subtle adjustments audience return changes involved addition subtitle opposed number attached end like final chapter filming movie friday 13th iii film birthplace recognizable images popular culture jason hockey mask producer eventually decided kill jason good experienced problems finding new films produce horror movies brought constant association friday 13th film series jason stay buried long success final chapter ensured friday 13th film stated simply public wanted films stopped coming continue new beginning shifted focus story character battles inner demons kill ordeal premise repeated installment brought jason dead attempted create funnier faster action packed friday previously limited financial success jason lives provided incentive create sequel new blood idea proposed screenwriter stemmed realization films ended jason battling final girl decided final girl powers led producer dub film jason plans jason away place larger environment eighth film new_york_city selected main setting jason spending approximately movie boat reaching new_york film subtitled ultimately character spent majority time cruise ship budget restrictions forced scenes new_york trimmed downgraded vancouver substitute majority new_york scenes failed perform successfully box office decided wanted rights friday 13th start working new line cinema jason owned franchise concept fight jason new paramount approached filming crossover years gained licensing rights friday 13th time companies wanted license character control making film negotiations project finalized led paramount new blood released rights reverted sold start working jason returned effectively jason hold allowed chance bring jason spotlight hell ninth installment turned healthy profit intended open door crossover start new series ultimately film series sequel happen frustration delayed development jason project forced create sequel effort franchise minds audiences based concept taking jason away 10th film titular character space film suffered loss biggest supporter president production resigned position lack support forced finished film sit years finally released april lowest grossing film franchise domestic box office held distinction having largest budget previous films time years development approximately million spent unused scripts dozen finally produced jason crossover biggest film developing story managed bring horror icons potential stories varied widely having drowned jason child cult called fred heads january platinum dunes producers outlined intended goal bring friday 13th reboot life approached fuller form create reboot paramount owned certain film reboot able use original paramount wanted included development reboot approached producers gave license use original films including title paramount board fuller form decided wanted use pieces early films fuller said think moments want address like hockey mask happen shannon writers jason brought pen script new film director remake hired november direct music began working musical score film decision play music alongside killer trick audience believing killer moments supposed explains lack music certain scenes deliberate scene girls setting area guys shoots arrow target misses huge scare notice music choice noted happen music cut audience relax bit allowed scare effective killer original friday 13th final reel film job creating score represent killer absence inspired film jaws shark seen majority film motif created audience shark present scenes unseen listening piece music contained chorus striking inspired recreate similar sound friday 13th came sound based line kill repeatedly final reel comes kill achieve unique sound wanted film spoke words harshly distinctly microphone ran echo machine finished original score weeks recorded friend basement assistant editor commented memorable music describing makes note sounds everybody thinks like talking returned sequel easier time composing needed perfect created course sequels philosophy theme reserved killer describes style sequels setting knocking approach meant red required killer theme music played try trick audience explains original real approach start thinking sequels conventional films returned score film busy broadway production portions score films fill remaining time composed opening closing theme met apartment original opening theme disco beat returned final chapter similar elements score newly recorded fourth friday 13th began work score created theme character idea suggest madness believed helped point finger characters suggest things expect instructed create score alert audience happening happen instead allow audience took idea film halloween follow shock film carpenter sound wanted subtle gothic resonance score prior film engagements scores previous films reused working producer hired scoring friday 13th series finish composing music original music filled half film returned fully score worked write original song reminiscent opening credits score entries series replaced jason official reason replacement wanted series new direction contends final cut jason thing box office friday 13th films generally received negative reception professional critics contrast films like halloween critics disliked series favored high body counts plot character development film indistinguishable films financial success prompting paramount release sequels contingent box office appeal comparing friday 13th grossing american horror franchises nightmare street halloween series saw scream adjusting inflation friday 13th highest grossing horror franchise united_states approximately million nightmare street follows million film series closely million comes halloween million saw million scream million million million child play film series rounding list approximately million financial success extended home release million dvds sold future interview producers expressed interest friday 13th film citing enjoyment working reboot october announced planned release friday 13th sequel august subsequently announced december sequel pulled august release slot listed determined currently sequel april fuller announced twitter page sequel remake longer works declaring dead happening later interview fuller explained making remake joint effort paramount portions friday 13th franchise economy studios limiting films produce year opting lower risks higher rewards films like friday 13th hold hope economy bounced forward installment form explained studio wants walk away production sequel perform involvement making look like chance having studio primary producing house rejected form fuller mentioned friday 13th sequel film green light production february reported script sequel completed states ready new line cinema ready june reported relinquished film rights friday 13th series paramount deal allows produce week later revealed paramount working platinum dunes new installment fast possible set direct installment friday 13th altering release date numerous times paramount set film friday release date march announced writer write script series produced executive produced original director october wrap reports film pushed january reported left late fuller told reboot origin story jason mother film television september paramount began airing friday 13th series television series focuses cousins attempts recover cursed sold shop inherited uncle starred created originally title 13th hour series ran episodes intended link television directly film series utilized idea friday 13th bad luck creators wanted tie jason trademark hockey mask series idea discarded chance exist afraid mentioning events films audience away new world trying create decision friday 13th original title believed friday 13th moniker better help sell networks filming took place toronto canada friday 13th series initially aired run syndication late night spot success series late night prompted broadcasting stations primetime produced budget estimated episode season placed second male year old demographic paramount star trek generation addition season placed fifth female year old demographic september panel session convention spoke possibility bringing friday 13th television series focusing group teenagers living area october discussed potential series explained idea series set town jason history series focus coming age issues similar style vampire slayer creek jason recurring background character april announced planning produce hour long friday 13th television series series intended focus group characters deal return discover new information family march announced script pilot written august announced series developed hired write series series executive producers focus characters forced confront return character reportedly imagined grounded reality literature novels films adapted novels friday 13th jason friday 13th adapted twice novel adaptation friday 13th previously adapted beneath planet shock treatment author chose use alternate ending filmed conclusion adaptation alternate ending chris canoe hears boyfriend voice immediately runs house opens door jason standing book published adapted adapt films novels adaptation original friday 13th published published adaptation introduced character jason father supposed appear film cut studio book explains jason body buried instead planned death final chapter young adult novels released title friday 13th stories focused different people finding jason mask possessed spirit actual character appear novels novels written author published books titled mother day carnival published jason release jason novel began publishing series novels set published jason title second set friday 13th moniker jason series consisted sequels adaptation published experiment saw government attempting exploit jason create army super soldiers second novel planet beast follows efforts crew try clone jason stay alive jason awakens death moon revolves jason crash landing moon camp final novel power discovery jason clone underneath prison friday 13th series novels connected jason series continue story set forth films instead novel developed character jason way friday 13th church divine jason resurrected religious cult friday 13th hell lake recently executed serial killer persuades jason help escape real world hate kill repeat religious serial killers attempt find jason believing share contempt break moral code jason strain places jason island group death row placed television executives running reality game scientist attempts create age super drug jason dna instead creates virus dead zombies character returns grave searches jason traveling auctioned highest comic books new line cinema acquisition franchise friday 13th comic books published imprint comic book release franchise adaptation hell written issue series condensed version film added scenes published series writing issue non canonical miniseries involving crossover jason story involves jason away aboard train eventually meeting initially friends adopting jason family series jason turn exercised rights use friday 13th moniker avatar comics released special issue friday 13th written illustrated story takes place events jason siblings miles inherit camp crystal lake knowing jason caused recent destruction unknown brother sets kill jason paramilitary group brother sell property issue pre sold copies avatar released issue miniseries titled friday 13th september series written illustrated revolves group teenagers come camp tomorrow camp sits work party filled weekend teenagers begin discover share common family backgrounds soon jason proceeds kill returned time october write special issue avatar titled events jason film jason attempts subdue hopes use tissue save life lives loves february avatar published final friday 13th comic issue miniseries titled friday 13th jason series written illustrated story takes place events film salvage team discovers spaceship awakens original jason version jason mechanical limbs drawn battle death june shot comic titled friday 13th released written art comic jason captured experimented jason escapes seeks violet survivor friday 13th holding headquarters december began publishing series comic books friday 13th title set issue miniseries involves jason return lone survivor tale murder friends monster new revelation evil surrounding truth jason embodies miniseries pre sold approximately copies altogether issue pre selling copies respectively trade paperback series released september contained foreword musician july august published special titled friday 13th tale issue comic book covers journey story pregnancy jason recounts annie camp counselor killed original film miniseries pre sold combined copies released comic book special titled friday 13th spent summer vacation consisting issues released september october comic book provides insight psychology befriends boy born skull issue spent summer vacation pre sold approximately copies released issue sequel jason titled jason ash starring aforementioned killers ash evil dead film series story focuses basement home escape jason gain powers unlike attempts use jason retrieve book ash working local learns book existence sets destroy story sequel jason film development film theatrically released meeting executives negotiations ended story shelved following success jason idea including ash brought ultimately decided story comic book form bring write artwork january february released issue miniseries titled friday 13th bad land written illustrated respectively series explores history arrived bad land takes place time frames present day years present day follows present fur past group experiences similar events suggesting connection groups shot comic titled friday 13th abused written artwork released april story involves teenager named abusive boyfriend travelling plans murder encounters jason shortly arriving camp june issue sequel jason ash subtitled nightmare warriors began written illustrated miniseries ash survivors jason banding defeat released world government discovered documentaries documentary books released making friday 13th films february published book containing interviews cast crew friday 13th series films film journalist written british magazines detailing creation friday 13th films wrote comprehensive book making friday 13th legend camp blood grove interviewed key personnel involved making films collect detailed production histories films including interviews film professionals like grove book includes previously unseen production photos acquired private collections months release grove book association released detailed history friday 13th series released crystal lake memories complete history friday 13th october book chronicles creation series release jason spent years researching series collecting interviews cast crew films extensive work book prompted provide foreword includes images concept art publicity material released public private party held october book premiere documentary film titled jason years friday 13th released february film directed written film halloween curse documentary film broadcast television channel week february released dvd february documentary hosted special effects artist interviews cast crew members friday 13th films asking questions choices filming features interviews journalists filmmakers offer opinion series september wrote directed second documentary film friday franchise time directly inspired book complete history friday 13th discusses films original remake television series narrated features interviews key individuals franchise history suggested work received film sleep street legacy documented making series demonstrated possibility documentary film depth comprehensive previous effort jason making film turned book worked drew structure content scenes friday 13th series retrospective focusing television series released october merchandise addition films television series literature based friday 13th franchise licensed products grossed million revenue released friday 13th game commodore plot involved player picking sanctuary map trying persuade teenagers hide jason disguised friend decides attack player years later developed game nintendo_entertainment_system 2000s developed friday 13th game time mobile phones game player takes role staff members camp crystal lake staff preparing camp summer weekend unknown begins murdering player discover truth escape camp alive friday 13th board game released united_kingdom contained blood mouth create home special effects electronic gaming monthly announced january new survival horror multi platform game xbox described operative competitive multiplayer predator prey horror experience development tentative release date october explained new television series horizon plans announced thirteenth installment film franchise felt timing right finally explore rest friday 13th story interactive form october announced game release date moved autumn company developing game help fund project reached goal receiving goal people giving large donations able create killing methods game special effects creator involved project years characters friday 13th marketed toy lines toys produced model kit years later toys issued second model kit based jason appearance hell kits longer production collection figure jason jason goes hell released jason popular figures sold movie collection following year scale models jason glass display case released collection released model release friday 13th november dimensional movie poster released steady production action figures dolls merchandise tying film jason apart video games toys series seen release films soundtracks released album selected pieces scores films september released limited edition scores january released limited edition containing scores films beginning hell film series musical score soundtrack released sale impact december ign ranked friday 13th seventh film franchises qualifications included franchise films released december franchises commercial artistic success franchise form impact popular culture senior editors editor chief ign entertainment editorial manager judged film franchises commenting friday 13th seventh place ranking general consensus reviewers halloween franchise started genre friday 13th influential franchises 1980s commercial success films comic books proof legacy arts entertainment reporter makes note popularity franchise popular culture points jason mask adopted film series widely recognizable images popular culture talking brien founder website pair discusses fan base franchise series created films latex body suits emulate jason appearance jason friday 13th moniker body editor wrote article detailing impact friday 13th genre noting reasons critics films reasons franchise strong influence explained friday 13th try recreate clever film instead codified formula halloween boiled copied filmmakers assessment friday 13th changed horror genre providing stories characters audience witnessed character death strangely unaffected instead friday 13th focuses history motivations killer exact revenge people directly responsible innocent people formula notes replicated know summer saw films halloween sequels sees films spoke directly fears increasing crime social provided audiences ways worries conquer fears violence laughing eyes contemporary critics failed film affected audiences subsequently branded film series irresponsible audiences violence showing murders sexually active teens quoting director emphasized teens dispatched victims punishment sexual activity simply preoccupied notice presence murderer pointing roger_ebert prime example critics misunderstood films wrote screening friday 13th noticed audience sympathy victims death scenes explains remarks film series forces audiences experience thing murders lack compassion closing suggested films proved audiences indifferent characters films | Friday the 13th (franchise) | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
24268_ThemesinMinorityReport | themes minority report plot science fiction neo noir film concerns number themes film plot centers trio called future images called crimes committed images processed specialized police department criminals based cast includes officer agent senior superior film combination thriller science fiction characterized movie story percent character percent complicated storytelling layers layers murder mystery plot film central theme question free examines free exist future set known advance concerns role government protecting time picture given america debates government expanding powers minority report presents future increasing electronic surveillance advertising role media future state electronic presence nearly potential legality prosecutor repeated theme broken family analysis aspect motivated parent divorce child free main theme classic philosophical debate free main questions film raises future set free alter future critic commented outset minority report promises deep subject matter possess free fate added question visions correct reviewer asked vision accurate way isn actually going kill set clever criminal wants way states knows future change film indicates knowledge future actually factor causes death describes main free film biggest possible act accusing murder begin chain events leads situation runs accused reason ends circumstances forced kill hunted man away accusation question committing criminal act prediction drives act self fulfilling prophecy vicious circle delicious little film scholar argues scenario free exists perpetrators control actions visions facts resulted choices central theme movie discussed film fourth scene discusses system division staff believes main arrests individuals broken laws responds later arrives discussion acknowledges raises prevent event accepted fact happen people regularly use picks wooden ball rolls catches lands ground asked caught ball says going fall replies didn tells fact prevented happening doesn change fact going happen feels example faulty sense ball free merely acts according laws physics acknowledges individual freely chosen commit murder hold film scholar points unlike laws physics series scientifically laws merely visions psychic abilities fully explained science visions future incorrect people punished crimes commit contends attain knowledge calls future cites evidence examples scene mall dangerous events helping later scene tells wife happened child lived example knows freely choose presented specific facts provides second knows happened son based specific scenarios life freely chosen selections people life freely according unit removes individuals precise situations freely choose murderer philosophy professor says way future seen led believe influence argues knowledge future enables changes prevent occurrence means arrested potential killer film opening scene destined fate action undertake change individuals minority reports chance change according minority report possible alternative fate change future having access visions compares humans situation robot robot controls set number programmed actions fate falls actions lacks free sense choose action outside programming exist considers decaying chance survival hour actions undertake change odds fate pure chance believes person needs set options knowledge options ability choose free political legal said arrest criminals chance commit crimes movie real world background america saying giving freedom government protect future world minority report robotic human public advertising arrived american theaters country debating governmental intrusion personal matters necessary ensure safety citizens said system possible believes exist control undoubtedly abuse powers questions film hands trained skills political intrigue science fiction scholar asserts political context seen metaphor racial view liberation end form slavery feels isolation ensures visions merely facts removes having justify ignorance results visions prevents knowing effectiveness program feels officers qualified evaluate december edition academic journal scholar moved past point asserting fully understand visions process images interpreted makes individual understand use apparatus machinery effective precise according cooper system effectively makes capture certain crime system targets cruise instead fleeing remains vicinity belief system logic correct apparatus considered according cooper cruise knows cleared life immediately return normal respect cooper feels far security state film argues government playing god seeing eye prevent murder film presents legal system office images minds coherent order display set judges judges appear video feeds analyze images according cooper view images listen string pro ratification accused present allowed defense convicted aware trial program marketed similar basic fashion tag line works cooper says typical american courtroom drama audience treated jury system instead hero proven innocent audience seeks instead guilt transferred system proving existence minority report renders justice system doubt related merely gathering images ability interpreted ability correct perfect circumstances system guilt exist media conceived idea future world capitalism government surveillance think tank summit told right privacy diminishing soon thrown right window according film critic minority report demonstrates future unconscious thoroughly movie appeared theaters common source reviewers complaints film product placement found film scholar says purpose advertisements runs encouraging buy certain products extension place society advertising partly invasion privacy argues cooper cold cooper discusses feels minority report emphasizes future importance control imagery according images captured visions film power control processing says film warns viewers control images carefully overseen prevent abuse power film presents governance problem image arrangement film presents future world government use advanced media technology monitor cooper says arises film way escape media industry future time defending need image manipulating institutions feels raises issue concern leveled image makers says film virtue lies provoking question notes film ending concludes looking peaceful exterior rain visible reading isolated farm families apparently free electronic surveillance self perception writing academic journal scholar analyzing movie discusses self perception individual develops based views outside notes child function mirror begin develop understanding perception self contained learn partly mirror contrasts anderson discovers vision future self beginning film shows little concern feels pity responds better don think human shortly shown tears home high hard drug mourning loss son enters similar period self examination visions mother death informed merely echoes faulty image memory begins interpret images commit murder begins sort according hall begins searching possible versions representation available represents murderer hall says images convinced properly understood murderer convinced murderer literally obsessed seeking resolve images reality previously peace hall says accept image sees visions unable reconcile hall says forced decide likely errors occurred system escapes building enters mall hall feels disturbed advertisements calling away presence remind lost place society begins false consciousness previous position fixed subject allowed said punished previous effectiveness program fact doesn spend time thinking moral consequences like sporting event suddenly sporting event makes soccer ball doubts future lead examine previous life better understand according hall runs role system son disappearance reconstruct past fact kills healed later recreated subject previously knowledge killer repaired self image person longer believes system hall says final dilemma desire running inability bring kill desire live drives suitable action suicide left truly events argues hall wife saw images murder cause broken family carry childhood old consciously try far childhood creates traces minority report suffered tragic personal loss lost child wife left reminds divorce parents try away avoid minority report continues tradition depicting broken families dick short story childless married man main motives self preservation preventing division trying save movie greater concern story son disappearance later transform science fiction film war worlds story single man divorced father concerned protecting children notes tragic parent child relationships picture john common element movie shots submerged water face shown close shot taken directly submerged milk nutrient bath photos mother submerged corpse shown emphasized photograph similar image face taken directly son shown pool flashback scene contest hold breath longest john underwater son taken later apartment shown lying immersed filled manner finds similar shots ann notes screenwriter frank introduced water theme wrote mother stories adding scene | Themes in Minority Report | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
27529_Subspecies(filmseries) | subspecies film series subspecies american direct video horror film series produced series ran followed exploits vampire portrayed efforts turn fledgling spin film released featured characters appear final installment film series directed films included spin wrote scripts sequels spin series shot location romania utilizing stop motion rod puppet techniques achieve look director wanted series subspecies creatures series mixed reviews critics citing vampire clichés downfall films generally commending director choice filming romania special effects film films subspecies subspecies follows college students begin study romanian culture small town befriended student studying nocturnal animals revealed nearby caught power struggle vampire brothers centuries prior cursed eventually gave birth mother king met mortal woman gave birth prefers live open vampire heritage gain control said blood saints kills father effort hurt brother turns vampires having fallen love helps try free control drives stake heart head sword killing unfortunately bites brother kill forces turn blood order like sleep set master subspecies subspecies picks directly events film subspecies head removing stake heart finds sleeping immediately kills rising sun forces seek refuge wakes sunset finds dead coffin hands flees hoping contact sister help help mother sets find arrives romania help professor embassy agent attempts find sister eventually captures fighting blood took lieutenant believe nearby believe murdered captured given feed way shed mortal ties instead killing sister stabs face enchanted dagger sets fire mother flees room flames attempt escape halted coming sunrise promises return evening descends tomb grabbed mother carried subspecies iii picking leaves subspecies iii finds deep mother brings son dead blood enchanted dagger killed mother return promises obey teaches knows takes hunting enhance powers contacts operative cia help trying rescue mother quickly kills cia friend knocks unconscious effort stay forever kills mother attacks arrives save leaves takes gun contains silver bullets shoots rising sun placed inside body bag brought delay allows time catch group wanting taken attempts group lives exchange throws roof edge attempts follow rays sun body bursts flames falls castle wall group car drive burning corpse left tree branches burning blood dropping ground flames blood new subspecies vampire journals vampire journals spin subspecies film series featuring vampire ash vampire journals follows vampire conscience hunts vampire witnessing love life turned vampire destroys master protégé ash armed enchanted sword great vampire slayer called seeks rest travels find ash uses ash penchant music women bait open attack ash sets sights pianist thwarted attempt revealed conversation ash coming expected destined fight ash victor ash acquiring hires nightclub nights drains blood turn new apprentice makes deal consort protection sun allow leaves city following night ash preparing gives daytime consult iris key room dispose sleeping body sunlight seeing obsession ruin lives iris releases instead arrives late accepted ash blood fighting weakened ash escape nightclub ash follows rising sun problem manages sword kill ash body falls sun rays find refuge nearby closet subspecies subspecies begins badly burnt able find refuge car accident takes lives discovered stranger named seeing reaction sunlight takes body professor quickly determines vampire wakes promises cure vampire uses science allow immune vampire weaknesses exception needing blood hopes use blood stone cure condition strength restored travels claim financial wealth previous ash acquired ash help track ash fledgling attempts play ash discovers location agrees exchange drops blood agrees trick allow opportunity capture stake arrives releases flee safety arrives immediately gives key instructions kill arrive tomb awakens kills turns attention throat allowing time burn body ash waiting opening hearing screams opens sunlight inside hidden coffin transported cemetery head sits pike burning sun cast characters list indicator indicate transition minor role extended flashback initial appearance dark grey cell indicates character film production subspecies american film filmed romania director initially shooting location romania day location scout came love location thanks free ancient ruins woodland area areas subspecies films specific location remnants communism left country cultural differences general problems accompany film productions lent difficult experience crew shooting subspecies film subspecies creatures created blood originally began local romanian men rubber suits men filmed scaled sets simulate miniature size creatures performances romanian men design rubber suits caused director approach brought animator assist creating magical looking subspecies creatures allen went film footage contained romanian extras rubber suits film editor order find usable footage men enter scene allen use isolated footage develop new background animated creatures later create allen created puppet types displayed stop motion puppet rod puppet puppet types composed foam rubber held similar skeletal systems differences types include tension filled joints stop motion puppet rod puppet flexibility rod puppet allowed faster movements needed occasionally real time filming came board create special effects films pulled double duty composing performing music alongside romanian musicians portion limited budget work forced use location find order apply actors separate trailers created local resident homes cave openings inside cars sitting road create face applied separate prosthetic pieces forehead left right cheek chin applied entire face help conceal process original subspecies film admit coloring skin major change process hands original film wear individual fingers cut time needed apply created pair prosthetic gloves slip hands mother cast included shoulders applied cast dry appearance slipped gordon head leaving face showing applied separate face prosthetic facial gave gordon near zero visibility having single eye left eye crew escort sets gordon given pair wear prosthetic gloves similar wore rest gordon body clothing conceal reception culture critic believed story largely coupled bad acting watson female cast commended realism created shooting location romania romanian residents smaller roles film fact film seriously making fun echoed opinion authenticity created romanian landscaping actors gave feel criticized stop motion subspecies irrelevant main action story general lack urgency critic science fiction horror fantasy review website felt original film showed promise attempted folklore roots liked authentic feeling shooting romania felt limited budget restricted film convincing stop motion subspecies creatures disappointment chance review felt sequel delivered vampire clichés showed promise imaginative effects specifically head subspecies creatures look visual effects shadow stalking town gave sense criticism replacement characterizes afraid opposed addition character alert intelligent dvd wrote film series manage edge bad vampires right subspecies tale step finally beaten head vampire journals review laserdisc felt consistency series effectively embodied laserdisc believed sequels sustained entertainment value intelligent use gore location setting media moon teamed produce comic books series handful moon titles comics subspecies series served prequel film title ran issue mini series | Subspecies (film series) | Media and drama | Film | Film franchises, overview articles and production articles |
1076_DatchetBridge | known road bridge crossed river thames demolished situated reach old windsor lock linked windsor bank bridge replaced ferry service operated site middle 13th century bridge wooden bridge commissioned crossing convenient way windsor castle responsibility maintenance crossing later passed counties boundary bridge spanned followed decades dispute counties pay culminated county deciding build half different materials touching middle resulting crazy erection wood iron known demolished case thames established bridge crossing site completely disappeared background north bank river_thames existed settlement recorded mention river crossing gave great oak boat passage edward paid william build great barge crown provided vessels right operate ferry collect tolls sat lord manor continued lord manor colonel sold kept ferry rights subsequently equivalent today wrote complaining wall built king windsor bank adversely affecting ferry trade settle complaint crown purchased ferry rights colonel equivalent today crossing important crown road thames provided convenient short route london windsor castle ferry royalty records payments similarly princess mary father henry_viii account procession order describes watching procession returned windsor castle way sic way castle ferry provide quick efficient service received formal charles_ii secretary state delaying warned uncertain terms despite warning royal dissatisfaction inefficient service provided kept ferry years continued grow culminated decision provide fixed bridge crossing site queen anne bridge wooden bridge built order replace ferry oak provided trent ordered fell sufficient non navy timber royal forest better convenience passage castle windsor building work supervised surveyor general final cost equivalent today better convenience passage enhanced intimate friend husband duke lived carriage drive built house bridge windsor castle unlike upstream toll bridges windsor crossing toll free river road quickly popular crossing seeking compensation loss income bridges corporations windsor claims treasury windsor granted payment equivalent today plus tenants equivalent respectively complaint noted compensation paid bridge initially maintained crown paid equivalent today repairs replaced original wood structure bridge wooden arches stone piers bridge absolutely dangerous carriages pass stone later year central arches new bridge collapsed heavy flooding king deciding wish finance rebuilding instead temporary free ferry followed years crown counties bear cost building maintenance bridge county boundary ran centre channel thames cutting bridge half matter forced intervention rector lawyer richards took legal action resulting judgement king bench counties equally share rebuilding costs total equivalent today counties forced operate built new wooden bridge old stone piers opened princess elizabeth december operation short lived arguments maintenance started needed repairs refused contribute lack maintenance led bridge collapsing counties came unique solution building half decided rebuild wooden whilst built half iron suspended chains noted separated windsor river thames singular bridge half kept repair county half wooden iron suspended chains sides touch building counties work ordered lord chancellor proceed manner consequently bridge finished sides touch middle final span stone pier needing support result unsatisfactory structure noted opening having scarce bridge river thames centre gap apparent lifetime lacking structural integrity quickly unsafe wonder took crazy erection elephant van broke beast nearly came end dispute counties resolved windsor improvement act decreed building new road bridges slightly upstream slightly downstream new bridges opened demolished old windsor road rerouted victoria bridge private grounds windsor castle case entire thames main bridge crossing completely disappeared legacy small plaque erected reminder continued bridge ends abruptly thames bank occupied marina car park crown angel public house bank depicted contemporary drawings bridge demolished time bridge victorian estate cottage stands place | Datchet Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
3552_NewHarmonyTollBridge | known harmony way bridge closed lane bridge connects road church street indiana bridge links illinois indiana span bridge owned built federal funds illinois bridge miles downstream memorial bridge near indiana bridge upstream interstate allow farm vehicles details originally designed bridge feet mile long spans foot wide concrete roadway bridge highway bridge erected lower oldest remaining bridge use length illinois half indiana original owner private company illinois chartered congress build operate bridge company contracted tennessee build bridge opened december people attended dedication bridge december congress created joint agency purchase bridge vehicles crossed bridge day bridge collected average monthly tolls monthly expenses bridge placed national_register_of_historic_places relationship historic indiana bridge age member commission established congress april congress repealed statute providing appointment mechanism commission general manager speculated bridge close current commissioners resign die current toll booth western edge river constructed replace earlier booth eastern edge sued exercise right inspect books records commission lost lawsuit allowed access issued report critical commission claiming commissioner conflict interest response filed suit seeking removal commissioner recovery funds courts dismissed case commission contracted apply coating bridge surface coating commission refused pay contractor claiming coating applied correctly trial commission lost lawsuit paid september april bridge closed traffic cracks appeared concrete support piers closure contractors added new existing piers required repairs engineers determined bridge required additional million repairs rated bridge structurally closure announced bridge close permanently noon member stated cost repairs imagine clark decision close bridge immediately receiving complete report team engineers inspected bridge april knew bad didn know bad received report email monday morning clark said saw weight load calculations knew shut right away couldn wait thirteen toll booth employees laid closure toll tickets given thirty days closure closure reported significant impact farmers area oil industry bridge closure increases distance illinois miles | New Harmony Toll Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
4771_FortSteubenBridge | fort bridge fort bridge originally suspension bridge spanned ohio west_virginia carried route existence completed opened toll bridge fort bridge direct route flow traffic river particularly trucks heavy vehicles industrial area fort bridge weight restricted closed deterioration bridge demolished february construction originally named construction bridge began completed direction engineering works department based pittsburgh pennsylvania project referred bridge ohio bridge spanned width service life serving link ohio west_virginia opened toll bridge november bridge main carrier traffic included trucks heavy duty vehicles associated industrial facilities area fort bridge provided direct route flow traffic previously use toll bridge cents inflation pedestrians cents inflation automobiles toll removed ownership bridge transferred state ohio improvements bridge late 1970s traffic congestion bridge problem study revealed bridge handle peak vehicles passing bridge hour excess traffic pushing theoretical capacity vehicles hour potentially cause bridge united_states senate report accompanying fiscal appropriation bill mentioned replacement high priority proposed schedule receive plans cable stayed superstructure february project approved mid april fort bridge replacement completed capped funding maintaining fort bridge inflation year weight restricted weakening structure time assessment prompted weight limit reducing bridge traffic consisted heavy trucks bridge known affected rain vibration closing demolition january dip floor bridge reported course routine maintenance prompting inspection bridge january deemed bridge unfit traffic citing significant deteriorating changes floor condition bridge repairs bridge conducted bridge expected demolished late cost repairs cost effective destroyed controlled demolition february contracted demolish bridge roadway approaches removed preparation demolition collection linear shape charges locations span totaling pounds explosives charges rigged series lasting seconds occurring apart cleanup debris demolition featured article included picture demolition spread pages | Fort Steuben Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
8198_BenjaminG.HumphreysBridge | lane bridge carrying route route mississippi_river arkansas mississippi bridge connect towns bridge named united_states congressman hailed progressive opened obsolete vehicle river traffic increased narrow lanes shoulders bridge blocked accidents crossing large vehicles like farm equipment location near sharp bend mississippi_river bridge hazard river traffic barges frequently collided study concluded new bridge needed old torn new bridge bridge built replacement sharp bend opened work began remove description modern time lane steel bridge carried mississippi_river connected towns arkansas mississippi road time prior bridge local vehicles local freight cross river ferry named congressman authored flood control bill establishing national flood control program mississippi promoted concept flood control contain river bridge opened october great fanfare main span width feet highway bridge longest span mississippi_river width roadway feet lanes feet shoulders history late 1930s talk started construction bridge cross mississippi_river group called arkansas mississippi alabama association formed raise funds bridge mayor time worked secretary congress pass law authorizing bridge bill authorizing bridge signed law august president smith applied money fund estimated million build bridge agreed proposal september construction started bridge months later built company known opened fanfare progress design span feet meters longest bridge vehicles mississippi_river time bridge supported increasing volumes highway traffic vehicles hitting bridge 1950s air_force plane crashed bridge bridge remained structurally sound obsolete narrow highway lanes shoulders accident crossing large vehicles large combine force bridge close river traffic increasing damage barge collisions increased bridge hit times barges bridge mississippi bridge located close sharp bend mississippi barges difficulty making sharp turn regaining course time avoid collision bridge years able turn quickly hit bridge danger river traffic engineering study explored alternatives upgrading crossing issued report explored lane crossing concluded best alternatives identified build new bridge miles old remove old bridge additional studies evaluated type bridge build cable stayed bridge chosen best design fit river soil conditions providing sufficient clearance river navigation engineering plans completed bridge replacement destruction new bridge opened traffic august massive process removing old bridge cutting small sections recycled begun expected completed september times river closed traffic aid demolition job dangerous workers died | Benjamin G. Humphreys Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
8965_BlackledgeRiverRailroadBridge | river railroad bridge warren bridge built site railroad bridge original bridge completed opened august likely built bridge miles track connecticut known connecticut line leased reported improvement new foot long iron bridge line leased new_york dominating region new_york petitioned changes approval came july historic river railroad bridge constructed improved version previous bridge new foot long bridge integrated previous design elevated feet railroad bridge abandoned 1960s sold bridge added national_register_of_historic_places july bridge located wooden pedestrian bridge built atop railroad bridge crosses previous bridges according national_register_of_historic_places nomination bridge constructed early 1870s new_york details bridge largely unknown contradictory evidence exists placing construction bridge according marshall completed branch completed organized line completed line operated miles track connecticut known connecticut opened august line leased april company years january reported bridge yards earth moved replace high cubic yards masonry added preparation installation new bridge announced replacement howe installation new foot long iron bridge october line leased new_york years reported bridge completed new_york dominated region having acquiring dozen railroads company sought improve april company petitioned alterations changes approval changes came july second bridge rebuilt increase flood clearance load bearing capacity bridge integrated new bridge completed replacement river railroad bridge steel double intersection warren deck original granite stone supported previous bridge reported feet lower integrated rebuilt bridge chord span feet feet long feet deep chords typical box diagonal members deck open point bridge altered addition sewer pipe fate line continued serve local passenger freight trains decades flooding august destroyed critical bridge work lead closure 1960s years abandonment railroad sold connecticut abandoned railroad bridge span sealed tracks lifted bridge new wooden bridge allows transportation constructed prior new wooden bridge decks railroad bridge assisted national_register_of_historic_places nomination lists criteria criterion requires property contribution major pattern american history criterion concerns distinctive characteristics building architecture construction basis criterion major improvement engineering lines operation new_york bridge listed criterion representative example typical medium length railroad bridge early 20th century bridge added national_register_of_historic_places july | Blackledge River Railroad Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
9585_GrandStreetBridge(Connecticut) | grand street bridge connecticut double leaf deck bridge connecticut united_states spanned connected grand street bridges planned request world war construction completed delays surrounding construction went case city connecticut court ruled favor awarded damages equal contract bridge excessive settling required replacement southeast pier repairs new floor electrical system installed floor replaced steel beam floor eastern approach span replaced northwest post reconstructed bridge closed 1990s dismantled construction requests bids grand street bridge announced trade publication contractor superstructure approaches originally deadline set april later extended june issue contractor announced obtained contract lowest bid contract signed stipulated work bridge begin days project original deadline september engineering firm provided design steel moving bridge leaves feet long connected feet long deck approach total overall length feet feet width wider feet angle iron added feet making bridge total width feet original floor wooden blocks atop wooden contract called complete construction bridge including approaches river piers consisting cylindrical columns reinforced concrete construction bridge complicated contract stipulated concrete pumped dry concrete cylinder poured continuous operation wooden piles pier project feet concrete base required use deposit concrete boring river showed suitable build construct feet thick artificial order proceed deposit accordance contract needed pipe concrete passed doesn contact water plans stipulated presented submitted june sketches design following june project delayed consulting engineer proposals denied bridge commission ambiguous contradictory requirements advanced position consulting engineer project delayed months consulting engineer discussions mail chicago construction concrete wing piles began august nearly completed january original deadline project issue construction piers greatly delayed construction early submitted plan attempt pumping constructed noted dangerous crew plan denied artificial seal place commission want proceed commission consulted advisory engineer april advisory engineer changes original designs importantly requirement piers project concrete cylinders stricken alterations called open central piers impossible projection piles concrete required unnecessary initial plan seal end piers feet deposited previously suggested bridge commission terminated contract august notified complete project commission crew forcibly ejected site september took possession equipment october contract allowed equipment taken stipulated delays fault city result equal extension time lost sue hired contractor complete bridge cylindrical piers bridge feet diameter finished cut granite completed bridge leaves pivot located feet end bridge reinforced concrete measuring feet high feet wide supported ends supported box posts sides leaves set inside posts ran operating mechanism provided operating mechanism bridge leaves raised motor reduction gears engaged rack quadrant raise bridge manual operation shaft originally present operated surface roadway later paved operator house located south western approach originally housed operator house public removed plans originally dictated second station opposite end 1930s photos shows apparently constructed court case suffered numerous delays construction bridge sued case went city connecticut sued breach contract grounds city clear site scheduled cited concerns relating design construction bridge including design engineers located chicago alleged incompetent disagreed ruled favor court awarded contract damages grand street bridge opened traffic closed southeast pier excessively settled federal government provided funds required remove leaves replace pier renovations new floor electrical system installed bridge floor replaced steel atop inch beam eastern approach span northwest post point bridge reconstructed bridge major renovations minor repairs bridge steel masonry project bridge closed 1990s dismantled united_states_coast_guard struck rule pertaining operation bridge removal previously rule stated bridge need open passage vessels | Grand Street Bridge (Connecticut) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
9903_AshlandMillBridge | pony bridge connecticut built built following dam break february washed away previous bridges bridge served section bridge feet long crossed angle damaged arson march subsequently torn bridge remained town deemed bridge unsafe closed february bridge moved vacant parking lot replaced new bridge bridge added state connecticut historic register later added national_register_of_historic_places april removed february construction heavy rains february caused dam break resulting flood damaged buildings washed away previous bridges site contracted build total bridges area larger street feet bridge mill located downstream note mill owners influenced decision bridges place surrounding area single span pony bridge completed roadway street bridge feet long panels totaling feet length roadway feet wide bridge wrought iron feet deep crossed river angle joints pinned lower chord connections distinctive bridges plate floor beams supported wooden width bridge bridge inch rods inside depicts bridge painted red paint nearly absent fate march manufacturing buildings damaged arson subsequently demolished site town park bridge anticipated serve pedestrian bridge park bridge listed national_register_of_historic_places april historically significant example late 19th century bridge surviving example bridge built significant modification deterioration locally significant remaining major employer city town closed bridge deemed unsafe badly deteriorated estimated needed relocate bridge february member committee tasked planning municipal park site hoped pending nomination national_register_of_historic_places help obtain grant money repair bridge prior february historic bridge moved vacant parking lot near town hall replacement bridge installed bridge state connecticut historic register list | Ashland Mill Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
11457_SamsonOccomBridge | bridge known arch bridge connecticut united_states constructed project located tribal land area fort state park bridge carries traffic road tributary spanning feet brook bridge arch rises feet water according report carries vehicles day listed national_register_of_historic_places design officially referred bridge number state records bridge commonly known south end bridge wooden sign commemorates christian missionary educator colonial period connecticut sign actually declare states explanation site bridge stone arch bridge spans feet brook arch feet water built bridge constructed medium sized laid cement mortar semi circular arch constructed ring stones inches deep built rubble construction structure including wing walls rising feet roadway bridge form low ends total length bridge including feet long preservation plan outlined plan preservation unlikely traffic require replacement modification bridge future according report bridge carries vehicles day biggest threat bridge moisture control repair eroded surfaces stone arch bridges rarely require structural rehabilitation alternative solution structural rehabilitation use concrete slab arch requiring raising roadway report stated quality bridge compatible roadways larger lanes additional width facilitated historical significance importance national_register_of_historic_places nomination states significant example 1930s public works programs example picturesque park architecture early 20th century constructed time masonry popular choice state park structures masonry considered obsolete building material bridge added significance example work conducted federal | Samson Occom Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
13793_AlconétarBridge | bridge bridge spanish known roman arch bridge region spain ancient structure featured flattened arches span rise ratio earliest kind design assumed bridge erected early 2nd century emperors possibly guidance famous architect time long bridge served crossing point important north south connection western longest river peninsula presumably remained service numerous early modern reconstruction attempts spanish engineers failed ruins mainly found right river bank relocated original position reservoir created location road access historic bridge confused monumental bridge downstream spanned far mouth heart spanish province region modern motorway railway cross immediate vicinity historical importance crossing point northern southern spain building remains bridge moved original site meadow kilometers north close municipality contrast traces left neighbouring ancient bridge river classical period roman road later called important inner connection led provincial capital south river valleys north western passing major town terminal point north western spain main routes established successors military control peninsula exploitation rich spanish silver gold mines apart junction remains ancient bridges found road close fourth hills overlooking roman spanish established according customary distance intervals fourth total number sixteen history exact construction date unknown missing literary sources arches suggest built early 2nd century specifically reign emperors use arch form typical era rulers born southern spanish province known ordered restoration came power arches employed court architect notably greatest civil engineering achievement time rested huge concrete piers wars moving troops wide danube mention praise roman bridge leads evidence community called arabic small bridge existed temporarily probably indirect reference high rising bridge remains unknown bridge called local vernacular expression alludes legend bridge probably use time constituted border christian realm 11th 13th century frequent clashes easily ancient bridge according theory water begun wash away ancient foundations time bridge appears records explicitly referred use probably repaired taken control bridge village meantime extant arches roman fabric assumed date period bridge apparently ferry service established cross river recorded later times site ancient way station fortress erected middle ages tower built roman emerges reservoir low water attempts reopen bridge early modern era proved unsuccessful architect calculated cost reconstruction bridge realising plans construction project went planning stage project 18th century attempts repair bridge failed plan military engineer included complete reconstruction large span arches planning sketch shows time remaining arches limited right bank finding confirmed drawing voyage years later reconstruction sketch produced rodriguez shows profile bridge rising evenly dominated central arches centre river arches flanked arches sides symmetry arches suggests lieu fortification right bank viewed upstream arch roman times basis modern scientific analysis bridge laid civil engineer survey details condition bridge relocation attempt reconstruct bridge close original possible spanish scholar points slight changes main body avoided course difficult undertaking classified historical heritage spanish authorities construction main feature shape arches uncommon ancient bridge building survey roman bridges showed characteristics vast majority semi circular design according bridge sixteen arches including flood openings right approach following spans estimates square meters feet sources vary arches total length structure spanned low water adds clear span arches assumes basis preserved piers average pier thickness distance bridge ramps corresponded river cross section comparison corresponding discharge profiles roman bridges respectively surviving fabric concentrated right bank current strong number pier stumps rose water surface middle river whilst left bank piers remained standing left followed parts bridge moved safe place essentially images right bridge ramp arch shaped flood openings piers remains scarce remains submerged flooding reservoir approach ramp long wide clear spans arches corresponds span rise ratio respectively accurately fitting inclined contact surface clearly proves roman origin arches extraordinary width appear relation span arch respectively contrast surviving bridge arches laid rubble date arches unknown repairs possibly built period equally evidently post classical origin masonry piers lower projects piers height superstructure piers reconstructed tower according illustration rested pier contrast pier preserved original roman character carefully worked second ran ancient piers provide distinct impression original shape roman bridge particular possible reconstruct relatively precisely rise roman arches basis angles inclined stone supports level arch originally described circular sector points span rise ratio arches value supported depict intact roman arch spanning adjoining fourth bay late early 19th century early examples bridge ranks oldest arched bridges world existence demonstrates contrast previously widely believed taught roman bridge builders possessed intimate knowledge flattened arches pier measuring increase slightly middle river distances piers increase fifth ultimate pier carries distinctive nickname bishop table takes advanced position possesses far largest cross section medieval origin served base replacing ancient arches piers strengthened upstream face pointed facing piers consists local granite set parallel courses use mortar iron ties interior ramps filled roman concrete common method applied roman bridges flattened arches lent bridge elongated appearance roadway following horizontal slightly convex line reconstruction measurements recorded measurements left right bank viewed upstream | Alconétar Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
15438_TickleCockBridge | bridge bridge pedestrian england railway line originally built york york built connects town main residential area pedestrians week original victorian structure described shopping centre manager small narrow low frightening walk replaced urban regeneration scheme replacement bridge initially renamed protest organised local group reversed decision plaque bearing original installed etymology word recorded use vulgar term word meanings short pipe serving channel passing common england areas given names reflected function activity taking place local historian believes explanation locals gave bridge late 19th early 20th century function way monkey run find boyfriend girlfriend replacement new designed architects collaboration artist funding project provided jointly network rail yorkshire competition design planning work continued victorian replaced concrete tunnel twice width feet taller original construction engineers december installation took place live railway line supported work planned cause minimum disruption train services line closed days christmas day boxing day bridge surroundings improved better lighting new green space angular seating shelter facing south west catch sun evening worked lighting scheme designers decided line walls red flock material allusion colourful history new bridge opened june times newspaper described structure piece sophisticated concrete geometry commented cheering spots planning usually replacement elements originally proposed featured television series big town plan broadcast channel_4 august september naming controversy council decided new met dismay local residents elderly group organised campaign restored group chairman quoted press saying old plaque wrong wrong offended quoted saying feel alter names clear message public meeting held large majority voted favour original decision persuaded council replace bridge plaque bearing legend | Tickle Cock Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
17187_HulmeArchBridge | arch bridge manchester england supports passes princess road located grid reference construction bridge formed regeneration manchester establishing route cut halves construction princess road providing local landmark location previously occupied bridge consists deck supported cables single arch spans bridge design selected june construction running april opened history road divided halves construction princess road subsequently constructed crossing princess road place road previously ran regeneration decided construct new bridge rejoin sections road provide local landmark design bridge selected staged closed design competition commissioned stage competition held march entries winning design selected june architects structural engineer reference design bridge missouri usa design bridge consists metres bridge deck steel concrete segments covered deck supported diameter spiral steel cables originating sides metres high arch arch steel box sections spans bridge bridge illuminated night arch varies metres wide metres deep bases metres wide metres deep supported pair concrete blocks bear weight bridge deck supported incorporate areas bearing expansion joint inspection maintenance arch kept shape number internal section filled concrete internal lower sections arch coated covers inserted arch inside additional coats applied future construction sections assembled broad central reservation princess road position weekend princess road closed temporarily supported arch ready sections arch site halves lifted position second weekend cables connected weekend bridge formally opened ceremony including lord mayor manchester ceremony concluded driven bridge followed street festival bridge described structural engineers perfect example imaginative design combined leading edge engineering technology create landmark structure captures public imagination bridge bridge received awards award architecture civic trust award merit award | Hulme Arch Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
21184_BigFourBridge | big bridge span railroad bridge crosses connecting louisville kentucky indiana completed updated largest single span feet entire bridge spanning feet took defunct cleveland cincinnati chicago nicknamed big railroad converted pedestrian bicycle bridge louisville indiana access big bridge limited pedestrian bicycle use pedestrian ramp kentucky opened february original approaches carried rail traffic main spans removed earning big bridge nickname bridge goes george rogers downstream carries river previously bridge allowing pedestrians travel louisville neighboring indiana cities february kentucky governor indiana governor announced states million funding complete big bridge project creating pedestrian bicycle path link louisville indiana spend million provide million matching dollars pay construction ramp kentucky pledged million replace deck bridge connect spiral ramp completed february louisville ramp opened pedestrian bicycle traffic initially planned august ramp opened description big bridge span bridge totaling long clearance northernmost span panel parker spans long panel pennsylvania southern spans panel parker carried single track railway history big bridge conceived city interests louisville formed construct big bridge charter state indiana kentucky chartered company industry big economic factor requested bridge built upstream falls ohio approved building site vocal construction construction began october louisville bridge accidents building thirty seven individuals died construction died working pier foundation supposed hold river water flooded drowning workers men died months wooden beam broke working different pier biggest bridge disasters united_states occurring december construction crane severe wind causing support damaged workers fall workers survived died accident cost lives ferry crossing barely missed hit hours later span damaged span fell river time causing injuries result reinforced prevent occurrences prevent strong winds causing similar damage special frame new rule enforced trust joint longer necessary place finally completed september location bridge growth interchange avoid columns approach bridge causing interchange lane ramps single stretch highway helped earn nickname accidents louisville financially building bridge later sold indianapolis based cleveland cincinnati chicago known gave railway entry louisville market railroad likely bridge bought desired access louisville rail operation effect opening increased transportation freight rail significantly decreasing number boats time crossed dozens february baltimore ohio train accidentally crossed engineer falling asleep going wrong way indiana kept coal pay attention conductor finally noticed error midway train way september crossed big bridge january collided killing injuring aboard increasing weight rail traffic contracts finalized june build bigger opened june new big bridge built piers old bridge novel building process sped time necessary build new bridge old served reinforce new built old piers entirely removed construction usual rail traffic routed big bridge instead indiana passengers board buses louisville duration big reconstruction ownership president costa_rica contacted louisville mayor buying bridge costa_rica believed cheaper import bridge build new time city actually bridge plan went post railway use big bridge fell parent company merged traffic routed louisville fourteenth street bridge approach spans removed sold scrap result louisville bridge fall use gained nickname bridge goes 1970s 1980s local radio station lit bridge gap christmas promotion fund local families lights spelled unsuccessful litigation stop project converted pedestrian bicycle bridge louisville waterfront park ongoing louisville conversion proposed planned 1990s pledged million project build ramp indiana riverside drive pledged early estimates indiana ramp cost million likely increase kentucky ramp expected cost million ramp foundation fixing expected cost million months facility standing owned cleveland cincinnati chicago mayor called redesign entrance ramp bridge indiana stressing proposed ramp building column flood plain probably possible pointed united_states_coast_guard approved planned said ramp reached ended street causing severe bridge previous plans access included building elevator plans included suspension ramp allow leave big bridge length time new downtown bridge built needing alternative pedestrians george rogers closed happens yearly preferred idea converting big relying new downtown bridge clark bridge mid july work begun convert bridge pedestrian walkway approach ramps bridge span mile february pedestrians allowed access completed bridge ramp kentucky construction continuing indiana ramp indiana ramp opened lighting bridge required safety redesigned nearby residents originally lighting like kentucky computer controlled lights colors indiana construction cautious historic properties thunder louisville big bridge sets limit close private boats fireworks centered bridges away george rogers plans spend upgrades near bridge place late early improvements include additional landscaping new path west ramp plaza underneath bridge fires closing rail bridge reopening pedestrian span bridge seen occasional fires 1970s christmas lights posted bridge promote toy drive started fire louisville fire departments fought hours blaze bridge caught fire quarter mile north louisville end shortly noon suspected started electrical problem fire troubles age condition bridge wood bridge unsafe firefighters scale fire bridge years chief decided firefighters sent bridge boat fire louisville fire boat reach blaze bridge took half hours control fire navigation lights heavy barge traffic changed time report according shut river traffic mile bridge debris falling aging bridge official determination cause fire expected june | Big Four Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
23181_WestCornwallCoveredBridge | west cornwall covered bridge earlier incarnation known hart bridge wooden covered bridge carrying town cornwall connecticut records indicate bridge place location early previous bridge destroyed flood new bridge constructed bridge destroyed current bridge completed circa utilizing central pier previous incarnation despite town able withstand weight single span bridge spans later addition queen supports gives bridge unusual appearance modernization bridge continued let bridge handle traffic added national_register_of_historic_places history located north south east west roadway section riverside town cornwall connecticut numerous bridges built location early bridge service lifespan bridges long term floods ice demolish frequently author states wooden bridges typical life spans seven years town records list expenditures repair placement decades current bridge believed constructed replacement earlier bridge washed away flood date included national_register_of_historic_places nomination claimed supervised possibly incarnations earlier bridges known hart bridge local tradition states traveled massachusetts choose timber bridge bridge overseen current bridge dates according research center pier supports middle bridge likely reused previous bridge added bridge state system considered replacing local committee created organized save covered bridge efforts decided bridge bridge raised additional feet steel supports inserted support roadway roadway reinforced addition concealed steel deck support weight traffic project win award outstanding historic preservation history bridge endured series disasters threatened demolish flooding result new england hurricane flood caused combined effects hurricane threatened wash bridge away severe ice jam threatened destroy bridge jam successfully bridge repaired ton oil truck fell bridge floor description constructed covered bridge feet long feet wide supports lane vehicle traffic connecticut route bridge town constructed red spruce secured span native oak secondary queen post added bridge later date source stating addition queen post likely bridge wooden tendency prior bridge square port flat modified roof remains today bridge painted red time bridge consists spans feet feet feet gap combined portions bridge feet long bridge town unusual design choice later addition queen unusual resulting unique visual appearance bridge unequal spans gives appearance addition steel beam supported state connecticut lists bridge inspection bridge found deck superstructure conditions satisfactory condition fair bridge obsolete significance covered bridge significant important surviving covered bridges state connecticut bridge modification original town represents unique design repeated bridge covered bridge best known featured new_england villages assert passed bridge way inspired movement places new_england bridge appeared opening scenes movie valley dolls american drama film based novel brief scene occurs near minute mark film opening credits bridge listed national_register_of_historic_places numerous photos including photos 20th century renovations contained connecticut rhode_island covered bridges | West Cornwall Covered Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
24926_PulteneyBridge | bridge crosses bath england completed connected city newly built georgian town designed style exceptional having shops built span sides designated grade listed building years construction alterations expanded shops changed end 18th century damaged floods rebuilt similar design century alterations shops included extensions bridge north south faces 20th century schemes carried preserve bridge partially return original appearance enhancing appeal tourist attraction bridge metres long metres wide plans bridge buses photographed bridge close centre city largely georgian architecture design construction bridges world shops span sides structure designed original drawings preserved sir museum london bridge named wife wealthy scottish lawyer member parliament daughter government official cousin removed 1st earl bath inherited earl substantial fortune estates close bath somerset death younger brother heir changed surname rural estate william inherited river city reached ferry william plans create new town suburb historic city bath needed better river crossing work street named daughter initial plans bridge drawn estimated cost build include shops second estimate obtained local builders included shops end bridge work begin winter weather construction pillars impossible brothers robert working designs new town adapted original design envisaged elegant structure lined shops similar likely seen visited florence venice adam design closely followed rejected design revised bridge metres wide metres width envisaged overcame objections local council bridge narrow construction started completed cost builders lower bridge local reed shops constructed singers development bridge stood years form adam created alterations bridge widened metres shops enlarged converting original sixteen shops larger ones floods wrecked north bridge constructed inadequate support suggested replacing bridge single span cast iron bridge rebuilt senior surveyor estate ambitious version adam design nineteenth century changed structure appearance premises changing windows expanding adding river painted advertisements outside shops affecting view river grand parade western end pavilion south demolished road widening replacement exact match bridge designated ancient monument city council bought shops plans restoration original façade completed time festival britain work carried 1960s repair underside arches restoration southern street facade needed status bridge ancient monument replaced designation grade listed building bath council forward proposal close bridge motor traffic turn zone plan abandoned september architecture bridge features ranges shops designed style forming narrow street bridge street buildings sit arches equal span shops north rear extensions consequently northern external façade bridge altered architectural merit southern external clearly shows hand built limestone classic style southern façade takes form temple like central bay symmetrical wings connecting flanking terminating central bay given broken supported turn flanked small bays small pointed supported shallow emphasise complement central broken sitting large window focal point building southern structure comprises principal floor street level low separated stone banding beneath principal floor sub floor constructed masonry spans bridge presence indicated windows placed beneath span arch motif reduced scale repeated level beneath central broken terminating reality slight projections shallow concealed pointed roof pitched welsh slate western mid stream pier rebuilt alteration took place western pavilion moved construction appearance changed current scene suicide film version constructed flood prevention scheme restoration undertaken | Pulteney Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
26833_OldBridge,Pontypridd | old bridge old bridge welsh known william edwards bridge originally known new bridge arched single span spans river wales bridge built completed bridge statutory protection scheduled ancient monument grade listed early 18th century known bridge house tiny hamlet took original bridge little known ancient ford stepping stones ran alongside current old bridge river ran low possibly bridge built known new bridge bridge renamed years age commissioned build arch bridge paid sum condition maintain seven years construction bridge bridge constructed arch stone bridge built destroyed heavy storm caused flood years later large debris came river trapped supporting bridge weight force debris ultimately destroyed bridge swept away river second bridge destruction bridge fast flowing decided design radical single arch bridge eliminate possibility debris destroying bridge flooding river second bridge built reports differ actually happened second attempt build bridge contemporary edwards said finished arch centre timber work gave way fell contemporary works known manuscript says single arch finished centre struck flood came carried away clear accounts accurate clear edwards latest attempted build bridge cross ended failure bridge single arch bridge rebuilt actually finished stood period weeks collapsed new bridge balanced forced caused bridge collapse theory arches states weight bridge great little crown stage edwards encouraged forced try extra money provided cover losses earlier attempts fourth bridge final design bridge included cylindrical holes bridge reduced weight pressure crown bridge operation today pedestrians theory arches states bridge bridge failure feet wide steep wagons use chain drag descend crown old bridge surpassed old longest single span bridge great_britain remained longest bridge years bridges europe worldwide span exceeded mark project including failed attempts cost architect total approximately consequently loss reported edwards attempts build bridge left considerable debt reported mason considerably debt greatly discouraged lords windsor estates neighbourhood case willing encourage genius promoted subscription gentry parts subsequent history problem old bridge steep difficult horse new bridge victoria bridge built old bridge paid people arch bridge built overcame problems old bridge bridge opened subject landscape artists including turner scheduled monument depicted local rugby union teams artist commissioned old bridge regeneration programme called initial tests bridge took place august project subsequently officially launched tests successful bridge imagery representations bridge seen local civic including crest community community organisation bases logo bridge incorporates bridge design school shield logo representing south wales valleys section old bridge foreground male voice choir incorporates old bridge choir logo | Old Bridge, Pontypridd | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
27865_BridgenearLimyra | bridge near bridge near turkish bridge arches late roman bridge modern south west turkey oldest arch bridges world located near ancient city largest civil engineering structure antiquity region spanning river length arches arches span rise ratio bridge unusually flat profile architectural achievement late middle ages today structure largely buried river sediments surrounded despite unique features bridge remains relatively unknown 1970s researchers istanbul branch carry field examinations site field examinations information bridge survives ancient sources descriptions appear european travellers accounts 19th century british archaeologist explore region visited bridge visited site years later describe having arches austrian expedition including interpreted structure ancient road connected city modern east mission failed produce plans sketches site scientific examination bridge undertaken german archaeologists successive days september completed visits subsequent years findings published journal express intent bringing state hitherto intact bridge spotlight recently citrus fruit plantations created fertile early vegetables built east bridge bridge greatly endangered beginning intensive cultivation vicinity locals strip intact bridge surface stones employed build irrigation canals rip structure apart crush stone pavement tracks civil engineer connor summarized report english language monograph roman bridges emphasized exceptional character bridge scientific examinations bridge known location situation bridge crosses stream ancient unknown east ruins distance measured city theatre north modern coastline close modern road local topography dominated foothills mountains blend transitional area bridge built immediately point narrow river valley opens wide estuary plain crossing river rain period high water eastern end bridge levels gravel plain western end directly rising rock wall mountain presumably protection floods resulting sharp bend course road exploited case need block road modern dam constructed upstream irrigation purposes flood protection contrast roman provinces possess developed road system north south traffic conducted primarily river valleys east west routes led unlike today mountain ridges particular road leading neighbouring region special importance regions united single province 4th century comparison main arterial roads roads width modest confined pedestrian pack animal traffic fact wagon evident paving bridge traces construction length bridge largest surviving engineering achievement antiquity bridge stands uniform arches consisting double laid course bricks eastern end original 27th arch replaced smaller arches later construction built single course bricks traces original flat beginning collapsed arch visible piers time visit site entire bridge buried river sediments line efforts dig undertaken arches exposed direct measurements clear span pier width undertaken possible dimensions remaining bays exposed sections architecture arches piers spans arches ranged arches respectively based size spans distinguish groups following median values arches nos fourteen arches nos arches nos arches nos reason grouping unclear certainly attributed attempt match lay river bed differences point repeated use differently sized structures construction barrel animation single case arches able determine breadth pier value common arch span clear span remains arches rise bridge unusually large span rise ratio flattened arches rare time stone bridges matched surpassed arch bridges 14th century italy largest arch bridge ratio greater spanning width times height later arches contrast ratio ordinary semi circular arches height total height bridge determined structure distance arches pavement surface determined surface level horizontal roadway lies height sea level arches falls slightly eastern section arches level indication later sinking structure nearly uniform height indicates careful existence solid pier foundations contrast axis bridge displays significant arch arch remarkably support line structure dead load identical curve vault arch analysis bridge proves structure great load capacity modern classification bridge able support loads class bridge din mean support vehicle arch additionally remaining surface arch load bridge safe ancient traffic materials bridge built composite manner brick rubble arches bricks arches yellow red clay mixed fine brick fragments bricks rectangular plates measuring thick placed shorter upright facing total thickness arches measures bricks bound lime mortar mixed brick fine gravel forming joints later semi circular arches built smaller bricks surviving bricks original arch places stones dressed limestone blocks form sloping surface support arches double layer technique facilitated effective use removed soon lower course finished construction layers double brick arches separate phases advantages phase carry weight lower course lighter construction second phase weight upper layer borne lower vault available use different arch superstructure far determined arches outer facing superstructure consists layers brick followed layers rough bound mortar contrast arches ramps end facing consists blocks repaired arches differentiated earlier work use smaller stones incorporation irregularly placed brick tiles arch lower arch features projecting bearing placement interior superstructure consists combination masonry blocks large river bound lime mortar pavement bridge surface located arches apex wide increasing end projects superstructure paved large irregular limestone smaller repairs arches dating exact chronological placement bridge difficult unique place roman engineering tradition lack comparable structures following characteristics starting point multiple arches width horizontal deck level small gradient ramps end flat arches built double layered brick courses use mortar stonework exterior facing primarily rough masonry interspersed bricks partly dressed blocks exceptionally large paving stones contrast roman stone bridges faced rested arches method dominant vaulted structures compared massive tall arched bridges typical roman architecture bridge flat arches offers markedly lower elongated appearance offer provisional late dating approximately reign emperor 6th century use mixed brick stone attested structures region hand mixed technique present 3rd century romans certainly knew build arched bridges attested surviving examples listed earlier construction date 2nd 3rd centuries excluded case earlier construction date strengthened recent years discovery seven roman arch bridges remnants nearby bridge river dates 3rd century architectural similarities bridge reinforce case | Bridge near Limyra | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
28062_BarmouthBridge | bridge bridge welsh known single track largely wooden railway carries river estuary coast bay wales sits rail foot cycle traffic bridge opened originally included section north end tall ships pass later replaced current swing bridge section threatened safety bridge needed major repairs avoid closure tolls collected foot cycle traffic bridge grade listed structure longest timber regular use britain location structure bridge crosses estuary river near northwards edge line operated connecting services south east section containing bridge railway bridge grade listed structure metres long contains wooded supported series cast iron piers longest timber standing britain incorporated eastern pedestrians cross estuary track formed links owned agreement place pay annual maintenance exchange licence use bridge bridge built gravel bed covered shifting sand north end swing bridge section rock base river channel flow knots spans built directly rock nearby crossing road traffic nearest spanning toll bridge miles upstream permits vehicles tonnes heavier vehicles use public road bridge miles history bridge proposed designed opened october decided construct timber cheaper import sea iron built included wooden lifting section northern end permit passage tall ships regular use opening railway killed competition boat traffic arrangement changed current swing bridge arrangement theoretically operation opened test operation bridge nearly destroyed live naval washed ashore close bridge stormy weather briefly swept pillars detonate passenger train services bridge declined significantly line closed causing traffic longer slower route old railway station forms walk cycle trail bridge structure come attack marine threatened closure discovered eaten supporting pillars estimated cost million repair locomotive hauled trains banned immediately resulted loss traffic including explosives traffic factory traffic routed road railway station opposed closing bridge completely railway traffic area tourist related government applied million grant repair bridge spent improving signalling bridge closed entirely traffic months temporary repair works eventually undertaken piles replaced april british rail class named celebrate short lived introduction locomotive hauled trains following repairs following major repairs weight restriction relaxed locomotive hauled trains allowed cross march established investigate alternative route town centre bridge current walkway steep narrow unsuitable june toll removed collectors left replaced council decided pay bridge maintenance costs year proved problematic revenue collected tolls sufficient cover council share costs sufficient budget employ time staff collect payments proposed closing bridge pedestrians cost reasons needs find million worth savings april potential closure bridge cost saving options totalling million public consultation autumn council currently pays year maintenance costs petition calling council cease considerations closing loved walking cycling route attracted signatures week february reported bridge close | Barmouth Bridge | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Bridges and tunnels |
1085_Neighbours | neighbours neighbours australian television soap opera broadcast march created executive proposed idea making focused realistic stories portrayed adults teenagers talk openly solve problems seven decided commission following success watson sons daughters aired network successful melbourne neighbours sydney market struggled months seven cancelled immediately bought rival network taking production new network build replica sets seven destroyed originals prevent rival obtaining began screening neighbours january taking previous series left commencing episode neighbours longest running drama series australian television inducted collectively hall fame january neighbours moved digital channel storylines concern domestic professional lives people live work fictional suburb melbourne victoria series primarily centres residents street short sac neighbouring area complex includes bar hotel cafe police station lawyers office park neighbours began families created watson watson said wanted families friends living small street long history involved ongoing rivalry vermont south real sac doubled houses featured real residents allow production shoot external scenes yards interior scenes filmed studios entire run australia neighbours screened minute episode week night early evening slot australia currently broadcast produced sold countries world making australia successful media exports neighbours screened united_kingdom october achieved huge popularity british audiences late 1980s 1990s moved history neighbours created early mid-1980s australian executive watson decided create soap opera working crossroads seeing successful britain created successful australian soap operas prisoner sons daughters watson proposed idea making focus realistic stories portray teens adults talk openly solve problems watson worked production company decided appeal australia britain reported watson took idea network rejected network chief executive commented biggest missed opportunities years network added remember discussed exactly sure went fact picked sale century huge business didn pressing need night week watson took idea commissioned following success soap opera titles discussed including people like network programmers voted neighbours episode broadcast march reviews favourable melbourne produced programme sydney market meeting general managers seven decided drop october seven melbourne programme boss said sydney chief told general managers seven afford dramas argued sydney based sons daughters retained neighbours immediately bought seven rival network new network build replica sets took production seven destroyed original sets prevent rival network obtaining began screening series episode january series bought bbc new daytime schedule united_kingdom neighbours debut october starting pilot episode soon gained loyal audience popular student market watched million viewers neighbours television entire cast flown appearance queen neighbours longest running drama series australian television seventh longest running serial drama air world neighbours celebrated 20th anniversary cast members returned special episode saw sitting watch documentary street award ceremony year inducted hall fame saw undergo included switch recording introduction new family departure existing characters new version familiar theme song opening titles addition episode titles abandoned having use previous years new head drama network announced street story basics follow sensational path late emphasis family relations suburban reality executive producer said new writers actors sets bring soap glory days added moved far event driven stories character driven stories neighbours failed attract viewers australia left series end neighbours new executive producer neighbours branded white black asian viewers britain australia talk policy came casting actors response criticism decision add diverse extras small walk roles speaking parts introducing character played exchange student south_korea march neighbours celebrated 25th anniversary april launched search find female actress play poppy rogers search similar magazine competition australia august saw neighbours air episode digital_spy revealed week long episode celebrations wedding regular characters later announced attempt life long term regular focus actual episode said week saw episode marks australian television history episode falls friday week special episode years ago decided character play important role special event late tonight reported neighbours reduce crew operations production upgraded changes meant location manager catering team longer required studio shoots reduced cameras location shots mainly confined complex sets occasional filming places changes said neighbours undergoing work flow upgrade accommodate advances technology production techniques ensure forefront efficiency added production model place time evolve march australian reported neighbours television available watch free iphone application viewers able watch episodes hours airing head digital media said screen approach broadcast online mobile intended build viewer engagement brand way stay touch audience coming celebrate wedding wales neighbours filmed specially commissioned scene episode airing day wedding episode aired australia marked time australian recorded extra scenes broadcaster october announced leaving neighbours december new international role departure told love neighbours wonderful felt important fresh eyes brains australian icon contemporary having said excited new role thank wonderful opportunity producer took role took role producer december confirmed leaving neighbours promoted series producer head drama executive producer associate producer march neighbours celebrated 30th anniversary cast members returned anniversary episodes revolved festival network channel aired documentary special titled neighbours 30th stars reunite featured interviews current cast members including reflecting time setting neighbours main focus fictional street residential sac fictional melbourne suburb street named grandfather original character locations include complex contains hotel bar cafe lawyers office police station ahead 25th anniversary village set underwent cafe bar remained centre complex upgraded hotel given new logo gained second floor outdoor seating area police station received new car lot created near garage new university set created vermont south real sac doubles houses featured real residents allow neighbours shoot external scenes yards occasions neighbours filmed series began popular tourists tours sac run year interior scenes filmed studios adjoining suburb located run stated australian city located rivalry sydney melbourne meant scripts mention suburb city 2000s explicitly stated suburb melbourne australian locations mentioned seen series include fictitious suburbs corner real life australian towns state victoria referred queensland mentioned seen august neighbours filmed scenes sydney harbour board cruise ship episodes marked time filmed scenes outside victoria october neighbours filmed scenes queensland great barrier reef region filmed scenes filming locations outside australia included kenya united_states seen neighbours episodes filmed occasions february doubled estate set yorkshire guest starred fictitious lord episodes november characters visited london attend michael_jackson concert second london based storyline broadcast late march susan seen taking ride london eye married boat river_thames broadcasting entire run australia neighbours screened minute episode early evening slot neighbours air approximately weeks year broadcast early january early december goes air weeks christmas new year period currently airs aired episodes shown available watch neighbours official australian website service began season broadcast sydney melbourne adelaide brisbane transmission areas varied regional channels declined purchase series debuted network screened moved avoid direct competition rival soap opera home away repeat episodes neighbours episodes period broadcast june network episodes seen moving broadcast previous week episodes edition sunday editions return replaced march august daily_telegraph reported neighbours moving new digital channel way new current affairs said branding free air channel targeting older demographic younger shows like neighbours digital channels later confirmed moving digital channel network programmer said believe neighbours perfectly suited audience strategy find successful enduring home neighbours moved january channel launch day encore previous day episode broadcast network broadcast aired episodes shown edition sunday repeat episodes neighbours period titled broadcast episodes seen moving international neighbours sold countries world australia successful media exports neighbours proved popular united_kingdom australia screened bbc series started airing october revamped daytime schedules neighbours went twice day earlier morning showing channel controller advised daughter series friends kept missing school took place january started attracting larger audiences peaking million late 2000s neighbours normally attracting average million viewers showing million viewers early evening repeat frequently highest rating daytime programme outside news broadcast moved rival channel following bbc decision asked pay years times usual fee channel owned time episode shown february watched million viewers audience share drop bbc average boosted usual share slot half times february neighbours showing seen million viewers showing averaged million viewers viewers able catch episodes video catch service demand similar catch service australia deal youtube allowing viewers watch episodes free video sharing site transmitted january began broadcasting episodes day australia channel commissioning editor explained closing transmission gap reduce viewers watching illegally online began airing week night nickelodeon programming block broadcasting episode earlier seen new_zealand neighbours broadcast october began airing episodes pace australia initially broadcast removed schedule picked began broadcasting dropped returned repeats previous day episode neighbours shown shown moved late couple months moved eventually moved website offers viewers chance watch episodes online service ireland neighbours broadcast television repeated weekday secured long term deal transmit bbc pulled negotiations kenya neighbours broadcast network monday friday sunday broadcast channel monday friday canada toronto broadcast neighbours starting september moved announcing cancellation decided neighbours schedule september following numerous letters telephone calls airs monday till friday episodes months australia years air popular foreign soap belgium united_states neighbours premiered los_angeles june planned end month low ratings brought viewer demand daily time slot july august new_york_city station showed neighbours june september april began broadcasting nationally television channel oxygen channel said viewers join good bad entertaining lives neighbours episodes started scully family arrival aired week trial basis broadcast afternoon episodes shown couple weeks moved late night time slot eventually left air july variety reported signed deal subscription service giving exclusive rights recent season neighbours soap began airing july new episodes airing daily monday friday plus services episodes weeks australian broadcast past current episodes neighbours removed september stating lost rights popularity viewership 1990s neighbours initially aired seven network struggled attract high ratings leading cancellation network months premiered series picked network usual break broadcast summer non ratings period series debut revamped adding new younger cast members including began initially attracted low ratings network worked hard series publicity drive designed promote star focused campaign recalling hollywood star system stars packaged feed fan culture paid end ratings improved episode featuring scott wedding achieved highest ratings neighbours highest rating soap episodes australia episode attracted million viewers aired united_kingdom early 1990s australian audiences decreased viewing figures recovered slightly end decade network told week introducing younger look regular characters age bid generate interest introduced characters played played played quit series fell ill character temporarily recast prisoner actress producers nervous viewing figures decrease implemented series plots viewers interested included cameo james explosion destroyed doctor surgery complex 2000s 2000s rival soap opera home away emerged popular neighbours australia neighbours regularly attracting million viewers episode home away averaging million viewers australia neighbours episode broadcast july saw introduction new family updated sets new theme music graphics ratings episode averaged million viewers slot time programme viewing figures topped million end reported producers hoped neighbours push ratings million episode resulted modest boost ratings night viewing period shown increase ratings home away averaging million viewers night february new executive producer announced implementing changes programme promised retain return traditional neighbours values injection drama remains relevant ratings rose generally ratings begin fall end year usually averaging july aftermath parker family car accident dramatic death neighbours achieved higher ratings home away neighbours achieved viewers placed 6th night home away placed 7th 2010s january neighbours returned australian screens audience january ratings fell low making programme lowest ratings australia july report showed figures dropped having million viewers low network spokesperson commented budget covered deal odd countries seen financial problem despite low ratings needs score australian content drama points required hold broadcasting licence october neighbours ratings dropped low figure viewers viewing numbers network night programmes highest figure week october following digital neighbours attracted viewers episode broadcast january half number viewers watched network reported good result bosses expecting neighbours watched highest rating digital night programming chief stated night strong result neighbours suggests audience follow folks street brand new neighbourhood january neighbours achieved viewers days later viewers tuned highest rating viewers demographic june neighbours watched viewers making highest rating digital night breaking previous ratings record channel episode neighbours watched audience viewers highest rating series achieved nearly years neighbours traditionally rated moving january storylines neighbours storylines frequently focus family problems clashes school problems domestic issues despite restrictive time slot neighbours covered problems teenage pregnancy marital breakdown imprisonment career problems financial problems pregnancy abortion eating disorders alcoholism adultery drug use drug trafficking robbery stalking kidnapping accidental death hit runs murder 2000s dealt controversial issues sexuality gambling prostitution health issues focused including multiple disorder amnesia disease september featured natural disaster storyline tornado descended street characters neighbours started families created watson watson said wanted families living small street friends wife maria sons shane peter brien lived street single father lived door children paul dennis scott mother law lived invited live later married long history street involved ongoing rivalry network picked revamped brought new younger actors including replaced families including moved street years storylines certain characters tired simply family replace new mixture older characters like newer characters canning turner families watson originally wanted young people communicating older people means cast mix young actors teens early older experienced hands remaining original character departed ill health original cast member returned neighbours time paul currently remaining original character series february announced producers introducing new generation family decade family appeared kate appearances celebrity guest appearances run neighbours featured guest appearances celebrities playing characters early cameos included musician pet shop boys james 2000s 2010s series featured appearances singer wrestler theme tune theme tune neighbours composed wife wrote lyrics versions theme tune song voted world recognised television theme song lyrics quoted british shadow chancellor house_of_commons debate government economic policy theme tune neighbours sung february network announced searching australia united_kingdom singer record new version theme tune competition resulted tie new theme sung duet version theme tune began airing april new retro inspired theme tune sung debuted january 30th anniversary celebrations titles neighbours began opening titles sequence introduce major characters currently feature sequences feature characters family domestic groups episode titles sequence preceded events recent episodes featuring characters appear new episode neighbours debuted new style titles remixed version theme tune titles showed characters groups according gender change previous ones taken outside saw neighbours debut updated theme new logo new optimistic contemporary titles photo booth montage played characters seen rowing boats walking piers eating outside sequence contained shots upcoming scenes august neighbours introduced new titles format episode week begins trailer week events usual storylines switched opening titles episode time end episode returned house neighbours production team september announced neighbours introduce new opening titles 25th anniversary feature bit titles created shot series scenes featuring cast settings familiar viewers titles debut march new set opening titles debut april new version theme tune created produced titles titles depict street residents gathering outside houses street party writer explained invented graphic device uses play light formation locate houses sac overlapping circles represent houses street cast members circles reinforce sense community makes neighbours new retro inspired logo theme tune opening titles debuted january 30th anniversary celebrations new logo contemporary version original neighbours logo titles characters variety familiar settings ends look street awards nominations neighbours received wide variety awards nominations run received nominations won nominated popular daytime programme years won award best episode television drama serial neighbours actors nominated rose awards neighbours won awards home media spin offs inception spin offs produced including books music dvds internet officially licensed video game neighbours created developed label spectrum commodore released budget price game player took role courses episodes neighbours released dvds neighbours defining moments dvd box set released compilation classic episodes photo gallery neighbours iconic episodes volume dvd box set released contains episodes episode party celebration special photo gallery neighbours iconic episodes volume contains episodes discs disc dedicated character early episodes neighbours released dvd box sets germany april began releasing dvd box sets neighbours episodes broadcast order beginning october box sets released neighbours released internet series youtube channel series titled prison coincided return neighbours april following year run focusing time witness protection released neighbours zombies launched october featured returns characters previously died | Neighbours | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
2788_SunnyLee | fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played screen appearance episode broadcast april sunny created executive producer response criticism neighbours white lee came attention neighbours producers entered competition run win month contract despite winning cast sunny soon august announced departing final appearance november sunny exchange student south_korea taken sunny described having typical teenage appear storylines focused starting relationship having kiss stolen subject crush time poorly received television critics creation casting july neighbours branded white black asian viewers britain report found ethnic viewers felt represented britain popular television shows australia talk policy came casting actors rated response criticism executive producer decision add diverse extras small walk roles speaking parts decided introduce year old korean actor cast exchange student said know going gorgeous little korean girl going coming year damned damned don chosen play role sunny spotted neighbours big stars contest lee final ultimately lost week contract months later lee cast regular character sunny producers saw audition tape competition august announced lee leave producers confirmed lee film scenes following month air australia november following news lee said miss friendships formed actors crew development characterisation sunny clashed culture society influenced life western countries considered rebel peers arrival sunny described television channel holy soap website described bright confident having outspoken nature contradictions holy soap described sunny having typical teenage included self conscious lack experience boys results sunny having attitude british television magazine described sunny initially disappointed lack excitement added sunny appears sunny cover host character lee said come asian lifestyle culture got fashion going hair going attitude lee said shares similarities sunny having strict parents departure lee said sunny took sacrifice leaving want parents turning lives especially susan recently suffered health issues relationships sunny found difficult express female teens day street instead chose talk lost boy radio station past relationship sister sunny clashed number occasions led ask playful animosity romantic chemistry viewers saw sunny finding unable deal feelings friends trying encourage begin relationship managed sunny open started trust later began relationship holy soap described relationship saying ing ing eventually got network describe sunny relationship blessing life great help sunny credited helping heal past putting straight narrow called sunny romeo juliet couple relationship said come different cultures got year exchange student play romeo juliet thing far love love cultural differences played teenager formed crush sunny tried ruin relationship digital_spy said robin goes drastic lengths sunny apart holy soap jay labelled creepy robin seen trying manipulate sunny locked store spend time lee named storyline robin favourite time said probably best storyline gave chance sex kiss sunny high profile storylines kiss female character kiss occurs discovers sunny writing romantic love letters given boyfriend sunny shocked kisses lips steals kiss lee said days sunny able think like kiss gone stolen moment sunny happy previously kiss received complaints conservative groups producers called kiss sunny agreed saying big deal actual gay storyline kind storyline came weeks rival soap home away endured backlash sex romance storyline received attention spokesman saying concerned sex relationships psychologist praised storyline saying allows families discuss topic defended kiss shot home away controversy saying lovely tale friendship innocent added going lesbian story neighbours lesbian stories properly teenage romance story sexual storylines susan decide exchange student sunny following step daughter departure night sunny calls radio station speaks lost boy past relationship sister sunny believes talking life decides find lost boy confront unaware auditions school play romantic tension builds sunny asked play lead roles sunny play realises kiss sunny finds lost boy sees practising kissing scene upset sunny share kiss night interrupted play sunny new character kiss sunny grows uncomfortable drama camp sunny locked game truth dare kiss interrupted door opened realises sunny like tries apart eventually start relationship sunny offers help love letters works write letters sunny tell wrote spur moment act kisses sunny grateful honesty sunny upset kiss stolen sunny kiss occurs play sunny struggles public displays affection lies told parents relationship sunny finds grades slipped decides end relationship admits tell parents music festival sunny embarrassed kiss runs bush falls cliff ankle falls cliff eventually rescued lucas scott major susan sunny parents learn know festival sunny parents demand placed flight home moves sunny parents worry having relationship later moves home asks sunny father translate sunny lies father nature conversation tells father said fine hearing sunny radio turns try close sunny believes friendly robin climbs sunny bedroom window takes photo locks spend time sunny sunny robin pirate net robin pretends find key door tells sunny robin locked refuses believe violently attacks robin sunny sunny eventually realises right robin sunny meets robin charlie tells broken robin confesses locking tries kiss sunny appears tells robin stay away accuses writing essay sunny reveals wrote kyle sunny telling parents know moving home susan sunny parents tell sunny tells parents want come home tells sunny south_korea sunny realises susan need tells stay day picnic performance charlie days departure sunny texts tells contact reception sunny negatively received time neighbours arrival reporter viewers going tire sunny quickly downright irritating entertainment website called character annoying thought layers personality added expecting believe kid fall don character likely push tower let hope stay short lived november called storyline sunny robin placed number soap characters love hate list cited continued presence general reason feature best worst soap characters decade sunny placed number worst soap characters list stated neighbours doesn great reputation ethnic diversity finally decide introduce non white main character time years wooden annoying character let hope sunny failure isn excuse avoiding ethnic minority casting future british newspaper daily_mail negative character calling awful stephen expressed desire character departure asked going hopeless character storyline involving robin sunny stephen commented disappear sunset luck looks like going pay carry following sunny departure stephen said relief sunny free zone enormous | Sunny Lee | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
6278_LanaCrawford | fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played actress casting announced june stated excited role serial lesbian character explained sexuality bother hoped story told way screen appearance episode broadcast august student bullying high school moving befriended cousin developed crush storyline sky billed relationship story close female friends compelling complexity feelings involved sky friendship eventually culminated neighbours lesbian kiss episode featuring kiss broadcast serial regular rated gave neighbours small increase ratings led conservative groups attack storyline characters writers sydney star observer branded storyline real television advance praised journey executive producer believed storyline reflected reality viewers said profound effect casting june week reported actress joined cast neighbours revealed set things street teenagers comes terms sexuality told colleague initially taken learned character asked play excited role calling fantastic character later explained initial reaction surprise neighbours gay character nature character bothered real concern story told way stereotypical character gay certainly interesting thing screen appearance episode broadcast august april said originally auditioned role joining cast development introduced neighbours lesbian character revealed fuel storyline established character journey representative explained storyline relationship story close female friendship compelling complexity feelings involved representative believed storyline strike chord teenage viewers relate sky feelings stated story multi saying level young girl coming terms sexuality bit boring brought play story strands added depth dimension pretty canadian high school student left old high school bullying result describing character stated comes touch mind wants soon clear carefully constructed façade purpose following arrival befriended learned taken advantage photographer simon cousin sky took instant dislike sky learned boyfriend leaving impressed game basketball sky began feuding started brawl court filming fight stated wanted look spontaneous gritty lot fun learning fight aware actor actually hurt placed detention sky came know better gradually formed bond developed feelings sky crush sky eventually culminated neighbours lesbian kiss episode featuring kiss broadcast usual rated timeslot executive producer neighbours said storyline reflected reality continued contemporary issues explained neighbours simply telling story tolerance producer added kiss far writers discouraged telling stories homosexuality future screen sky told interested boyfriend remained friends main storyline completed seen attending female admirer moving canada family script producer told reporter great tradition lesbian dead final scene aware writing wanted avoid costs storylines cousin born australia family moved canada young returned australia years later began attending bullied sexuality led transfer high finds employment alongside befriends convinced seen realises photos taken photographer admits taken chris cousin sky day fight school places detention urges work things sky start trust little organised discover like black white films bond later watches sky fall asleep sky realises hidden depths tells gets upset tells sky hiding sky calls friend attended high finds bullying caused change schools suddenly kisses sky runs house goes finds reveals gay admits want lose sky friend tries pass kiss joke sky tells marsh kiss later school attempts convince dating sky finds planning sex party sky tries stop tells sky leave decides tell sex likes girls receives anonymous notes locker praising brave targeted gang girls threaten cut hair susan decides school involved tolerance campaign parents protest sky begin drawing cartoon strip called freak girl editor gay magazine interested publishing later asks date comes realise right sky decide plant outside stay watch reactions excitement sky kisses delighted believes sky fallen sky explains friends accuses sky avoids sky days eventually finds note locker named george asking end year formal dance formal george introduces spend rest night decides return canada friends throw farewell party sky tells miss gives pen start writing novel says goodbye george friends watch taxi reception shortly episode featuring kiss aired characters attacked conservative groups thought high risk culture making homosexuality look cool chief executive christian group told age young people message relationships head arts education department described serial depiction lesbian real advance believed gay teenagers feeling insecure sexuality accepted devastated negative reaction surrounding storyline reaction kiss sky received stated backlash kiss generated australia think shown blown love scene newspapers angry letters editor gay storyline negative reaction australia press mirrors current storyline neighbours explores backlash experiences sexuality public knowledge high school colleague later said website readers said storyline profound effect teenagers writer noted episode featuring kiss broadcast provided neighbours modest ratings increase believed introduction storyline attempt increase ratings reporter praised cousin sympathetic reacting positive way came reporter praised sky reaction let talk away freak adding neighbours wanted sympathetic gay character upset christian groups storyline writer stated significance depiction occurred relatively conservative family oriented large child viewership major sympathetic characters presented supportive sexuality depicted villains book neighbours years street wrote ultra conservative groups celebrated gay press kiss helped neighbours entered decade july asked readers vote neighbours moments sky kiss came number reporter paper said rare neighbours attracts attention shock country happened played gave played kiss sky exploring sexuality scene talked press left sky gone unmarried | Lana Crawford | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
7836_Episode523(Neighbours) | episode neighbours episode episode australian soap opera neighbours premiered network july episode written directed produced serial creator episode focuses wedding popular couple storyline devised producers viewers outraged idea couple moving believed wedding perfect climax character long running relationship instant ratings hit episode filmed secrecy limited budget months broadcast wedding ceremony filmed nave episode neighbours episodes include entire cast new romantic style wedding dress ivory silk lace character ballad suddenly written sung chosen theme episode prior broadcast promoted episode making appearances shopping centres australia episode watched soap opera episodes broadcast australia aired united_kingdom november attracted audience million episode received critics viewers week stated wedding exciting television soap opera event network head drama thought major turning point neighbours wedding voted memorable soap moments included lists featuring greatest television weddings time plot episode opens bringing breakfast paul dennis surprised find spent night separate hide fact married business purposes tells paul argument night tells sort things tends robinson house scott begins panic getting married father jim best friend set tables reception tries find pet mice house scott fiancée getting ready mother asks brother henry race altar brings wedding friend jane arrives receiving blue grandmother excited wedding scott arrives church mike paul jim greeted old school friends mike explains jane arranged attend absence extended family guests seats scott starts worry paul mike assure reverend invites stand henry begin walk aisle scott exchange vows reverend man wife reception jim tells scott proud family finds crying kitchen interrupted informs max maria unable attend read spots mouse tries pick hits foot accuses dan protests innocence argument breaks guests scott bedroom brings gift father jane comes tell time changed honeymoon paul takes bags car tells scott miss gives street wave couple catches couple drive street production conception popular couple neighbours viewers dubbed romeo juliet feuding families following months dating scott asked viewers outraged idea couple moving producers decided married instead recalled producers thought wedding perfect climax scott long running relationship instant ratings winner speaking author neighbours scenes thought marriage bring controversial subjects pre marital sex hiv aids focus agreed saying valid moral point executive producer noted character expressed different point view wedding like scott father jim thought stupid couple school married like mother believed romantic watson believed storyline repercussions filming wrote script episode noted neighbours episodes include entire cast producers asked direct episode experience directing television weddings hardy believed magic episode captured best close shots scott director recalled image stays close arrives close jason face looks scene episode shot great secrecy months broadcast australian television shoot initially delayed bad weather limited budget extras set crew asked stand church instead scenes shot soft focus creating halo effect walked aisle location wedding scenes shot old nave church surrounded rough sandstone glowing stained glass windows vicar secretary administrator revealed church excited prospect seeing actors set speaking age recalled person played vicar wore vicar smoked cigarettes careful dry cleaned services sunday waited months episode aired set scenes featuring character family homes street shot studio forest hill vermont south respectively recalling shoot told don remember particular day set ups like weddings takes long long time things costumes music new romantic style wedding dress designed isis melbourne local salon writer website observed keeping character suburban girl door dress ivory silk lace asked dress memorable fashion designer stated things going hard remember hint lace romantic era style shoulders high knowing popular time perry sure dress copied viewers wore peach dresses groom wore grey tails asked producers choose romantic song played episode chose suddenly anderson written song long time episode explained man coming certain point life realises mind vulnerable told anderson loved song lyrics later revealed wanted song played wedding episode broadcast suddenly reached number singles chart promotion broadcast network national publicity director believed wedding episode ideal marketing opportunity arranged attend wedding breakfast park royal hotel invited competition winners join later appearance wedding cake recalled seen like people security prevent going inside simple jason wedding cake stage speech cutting cake near riot stop appearance point prevent people getting crushed actors appearances replica shopping centres sydney melbourne cut hand thousands fans episode later main focus covers week australian edition time magazine episode broadcast australia july year later episode aired united_kingdom november home media scott wedding included vhs titled included episode neighbours defining moments dvd box set episode featured neighbours iconic episodes volume dvd box set collector dvd years volume released respectively reception ratings episode seen million viewers broadcast australia making highest rating soap opera episodes aired united_kingdom episode attracted audience million making watched programme country year critical response week described episode television wedding year ceremony observed wedding exciting soap opera event head drama network stated scott wedding biggest television event major turning point neighbours wedding stopped nation sydney morning herald observed australians packed star crossed teenagers scott added nation suddenly played scott wedding episode practically defining episode neighbours 80s episode featured entire cast audiences loved watching romance screen couple scott spill small screen author called episode biggest event soap history elizabeth day writing guardian commented screen wedding remains marriage australian daytime soap neighbours romantic teenage love story brought feuding families way albeit fewer deaths shoulder pads named wedding memorable neighbours storylines calling episode author wrote episode showed soap wedding century adding teenagers scott tied knot traditional emotional church service feature celebrate wedding ceremony style soap opera radio_times said needs bach process aisle power ballad suddenly australian rocker sounds unorthodox step note groom swan like miss impact legacy experienced increase interest episode aired viewers holding weddings visit church holidays nave scott married church neighbours film weddings scott major wedding dress donated television gone display travelled victoria copy episode script came auction london october serial longest serving character seen watching video wedding died commented wedding video brought memories soap golden years footage wedding later shown soap 20th anniversary episode friends years iconic image writing season finale asked play character married executive producer thought funny dress singer agreed appeared futuristic version character complete dress style hair october brought stamps celebrating years television network stamp featured scott wedding attire readers voted scott wedding neighbours moment reporter said wedding soap history australia captured attention like scott late episode seventh requested television clip celebrate soap 25th anniversary episode producers decided recreate magic scott wedding marriage said people saying wedding generation wedding big shoes fill scott wedding ceremony included lists best television weddings soap opera moments voted romantic time wedding time radio_times poll following year saw wedding place ninth list memorable soap moments wedding placed programme came best screen list included ceremony feature best weddings reporter noting probably neighbours iconic moment including ceremony list best weddings writer stated set standard weddings terrible held | Episode 523 (Neighbours) | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
10242_NatashaWilliams(Neighbours) | neighbours fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played role acting job relocated sydney melbourne filming introduced neighbours father debut screen appearance episode broadcast november confirmed leaving neighbours filmed final scenes december departed march described spirited rebellious having burning desire rule school likes attention chooses rebel people notice manipulative executive producer said loves gossip wants famous model clashes lucas feminist opposite stated summer actress explained finds playing challenging persona different said like grow turn new leaf expressed desire portray softer funnier interview digital_spy storylines mainly focused relationship named storyline favourites said andrew belong bring worst relationship led complex love triangle involving summer later saw pregnancy andrew dates bid appear mature sends naked photos leaked causing scandal school friends storylines seen trying achieve dream model making sure remains popular school father relationships discovering truth mother death storylines models advertising campaign meets gets trouble father michael finds lied saying eighteen consent form threatens sue station owner andrew father andrew work change posters longer revealing attend concert kiss end night clashes summer starts boyfriend bought team relationship father strained learns started schools english teacher discovers hiding skills makes join punishment wonders andrew looks insecure relationship andrew break briefly dates discovers student class gay tries resulting rumours lead chris reveal gay michael starts dating tries sabotage relationship reveals want michael hurt head school social committee members particular voting things wants notices andrew spending time summer steals social money causing event cancelled convinces andrew throw party michael discovers took money later warns summer stay away andrew notices summer house fire runs rescue michael finds summer andrew rescued firefighters burn neck insecure sees andrew summer kissing leaves devastated stop andrew breaking tells pregnant michael initially angry tells daughter support andrew books scan trying buys fake images internet convinces andrew come doctor office gives fake pictures summer reveals images fake explains lied andrew cheated michael tells longer school thrown team takes place popular girl school chris befriends summer actions chris try summer andrew successfully challenges lisa feeling lonely goes meets older man michael discovers relationship seeing continues secret asks naked pictures sends learns showing pictures friends internet initially lies michael took photos michael learns truth desperate win father favour street graffiti michael discovers responsible graffiti appearance decides uses michael credit card pay deposit sells father records raise money michael decides send boarding school changes mind nearly pool number relationship begins improve begins looking information mother learns aunt lives australia revealing identity meets fashion shoot works niece comes talk learns mother drowned demands truth death michael reveals strong swimmer went sea save aware happening save michael death fault michael collapses undergoes surgery stomach causing blame condition learns michael caught summer cheating exam day collapsed falls friends let blame happened receiving exam results decides study university michael reveal dating accepts relationship learns having affair time died takes michael panel van sets fire remains angry father asking leave learns gone serbia throws house party gets control street fined police forced seek employment earn money competes job charlie gives week trial michael informs selling house tries potential buyers decides sabotage kate chances getting job charlie upset tries ask revealing saw pictures online opens abusive relationship gives job charlie moves summer house sold decides drop university course realising right meets charlie offers help solve equation dismisses problem invites club later transfers course helps probability use predict outcome game cards decide play game group guys charlie forced stop couple police officers walks convinces hold game continue test theory money andrew comes idea use theory odds mobile app goes asks idea introduces hobby agreeing sign andrew contract spends time attends comic swap shortly press conference app finds error work fix celebrating kiss andrew asks talk blogger app thinks wrong learns happened accuses andrew tries insists andrew pay help separate ways eventually asks date andrew reveals offer app refuses sell car journey city friends learns andrew faked signature sell app argument breaks andrew tries stop calling police chris arm causing lose control car crash car pulling wreckage hospital blames andrew crash learns fractured sits wakes kisses begin dating worries common helps organise ball university takes immediate dislike vintage suit coffee found realises fight decides break different finds andrew having fit charlie learns agrees secret collapses encourages andrew hospital tests leave suffers fit paul andrew initially blames causing fit paul takes charlie away helps convince paul change mind andrew begin dating secret later decide tell summer reveals knew mind later finds old email andrew proclaiming love summer begins worry relationship andrew loves relationship different time asks andrew month end breaking early university tells andrew leaving travel europe asks andrew come agrees leave following day paul blessing casting early announced new characters join neighbours following months performing arts college graduate cast role actress studying architecture university chose acting shortly casting announced revealed role acting job interested architecture wanted enjoy experience neighbours moved sydney melbourne neighbours filmed role years older character portrays revealed happy career choice stating enjoy lot studying want best thing enjoy going work day great friends including crew awesome love single day development characterisation entered neighbours described spirited rebellious website described teen rebel entered network described having major attitude burning desire rule school explain misses opportunity centre attention takes noticed wants father attention chooses rebel notices soap called describes manipulative knowing wants interview executive producer explained teenage actually clever wants famous model loves gossip knows boy added lucas clash summer feminist fights causes opposite fond love hate relationship shares summer said explained social group school despite fact differences similar lot ways summer female friend don forget personality began change october said arrived getting attention loves knowing liked settled explained challenging play different fun hoped irritating real life added manipulative teenage girl forever wanting way march revealed like person grow turn new leaf said nice girl later said played villain year like softer funnier hoped future storylines background relationship mother explored developed november proclaimed despite grown explained fun playing free spirited character like matured thinks little older don think boring matter matures family order form father daughter bond needed respective roles introduced families actors spent lot time ensure comfortable screen father michael child revealed father wrapped finger michael opined causes havoc strict said thinks michael handling things poorly things difficult interview said michael relationship tortured stated michael wishes stop lying hoped act father daughter relationship wanted michael build better relationship future loves despite things following incident graffiti michael daughter ignores attempts good books finds situation weird hurt father actions said disappointed hurting michael responds taking advantage new independence try michael attention tries father good michael aside feels said knows father loves realises killing father act way michael eventually easy journey lot work told digital spy storyline change sensitive self absorbed later teased upcoming storyline shows beginning wanting find late mother told secret revealed parts change michael lives forever july announced long lost aunt played introduced neighbours official website said arrival dig lot secrets plays role teenage angst revealed met remember actress said begin meeting secret added mentions mother reaction strange coming change relationship andrew robinson starts dating believes perfect said bring worst added don think find guy tolerate like andrew thinks guy possibly thinks school studying cool happy andrew feels joins class andrew interested studies fears lose control andrew summer later asks physical aspect relationship andrew says furious stop think begin doubts relationship decides test andrew telling wants relationship communicating understanding andrew new direction relationship said believes relationship neighbours susan inspired added wants look forward getting way ahead andrew likes isn opined andrew bring worst relationship andrew favourite storylines andrew briefly split starts dating decides break relationship kyle soap said usually calling shots dumping young find like fence add rarely thinks dropping guy moving grows bored kyle company kyle bored younger girlfriend ends relationship embarrassed lies andrew ended relationship andrew eventually adelaide said thrills completely obsessed andrew love triangle andrew summer formed feelings andrew grow organise party notices andrew concern summer collapses warns summer away andrew later asks andrew loves reply december summer andrew feelings sex said devastated knew happened let andrew summer lightly andrew tells going business meeting meets summer instead summer house fire breaks sees smoke calls father emergency services entering house rescue summer unaware andrew explained ordeal pulled fire dad michael andrew summer rescued separately idea reason andrew house cheating summer rescue come terms fact burn neck said big deal model ruin chances summer wants andrew tried save believed feelings adding deep think knows going doesn want admit sooner later face inevitable fake pregnancy couple months later discovers andrew cheating summer hurt angry lies andrew pregnant decision explained hurt cheating thing crushed feels like fool goes feels injury burn sustained fire hates wants andrew summer feel guilty wants andrew andrew believes pregnant instead summer decides stick baby said new storyline exciting wait discover new developments insisted making plan goes thought situation end main goal andrew summer apart betrayed hurt andrew attend pre class interview digital_spy explained reminded fell andrew place especially sees gentle getting andrew times feels guilty sort plan admit truth knows andrew angry enjoyed filming storyline drama asked sympathy filming told digital_spy needed understand character feeling hoped viewers sympathy lie starts grow control forced stories want doctor later buys fake scan photos internet summer suspicious discovers overseas fake summer realises lying pregnant reveals truth andrew father shocking andrew news michael blames daughter actions hoped experience change start grow actress added cope continues lying turn photo scandal june reported hook older man meets source told magazine sets sights somebody isn necessarily good added reckless frame mind leads conflict father attempt impress mature sends photos reported showing pictures friends pictures viral act week said situation lesson thinking classmates find pictures causes scandal school situation neighbours insider told paper doesn think consequences takes series naughty pictures send years older desperate interested father michael discovers happened disgusted hears boys school talking daughter confronts thinking pictures learns idea tries win father favour unpleasant graffiti street playing victim enjoys attention receives michael realises chooses daughter tells care gets left shocked michael decision know insecure following photo scandal michael rejection begins improving appearance searches nose jobs online stealing father credit card booking procedure writer revealed march introduced hobby new guy surprising impact following month announced joined cast neighbours genius new love interest shortly drops arts course university meets charlie initially believes trying ask date embarrassed realises signals offers help difficult equation trying solve writer soap explained dismisses assuming hasn got brains department equation proving wrong forcing invites attend university club leaves minute refusing labelled andrew anti gambling phone app probability theory develops feelings celebrating completion phone app embrace share kiss moment ruined week commented beauty geek lock lips departure november confirmed leaving neighbours pursue acting opportunities united_states decision leave serial stated australia small compared especially los_angeles love acting want thick certainly love things realistic near opportunity interview announcing departure explained main reasons leaving neighbours try things explore different characters actress said wanted years time came decided stay year prepare leave told details leave said involve drive car mind leaving dramatic exit stating leaving good terms good actress commented loved character transition nice believed matter gone pleased got explore aspect emotion added wanted remembered viewers filmed final scenes december continued appear screen march reception portrayal included long list popular new talent award writer holy soap said memorable moment showing heroine rushed rescue friends street fire nicknamed andrew learning talent reporter branded teen rebel soap columnist stated new neighbours called blonde haired fake pregnancy storyline example life melodramatic life real street daily_mail commented pregnancy lie saying plans right building las_vegas stephen later advised ways hold like soap said enjoyed fake pregnancy storyline saying love fake pregnancy shake things bit writer channel proclaimed storyline arguably soap jaw dropping revenge plots holy soap ran poll andrew votes cast viewers choosing summer june reporter called teen said relationship likely end tears august commented needs new direction endless stunts tricks kind boring point character love friendship chris character needs growth new direction love interest later said simply asking gay straight character weren shocked soap praised reaction finding michael having affair time mother death saying help love rebellious revenge explained dark death life blame especially assumed dad keeping things secret protect actual fact protecting secret added wait happens especially involves teen channel website writer commented neighbours colourful controversial characters | Natasha Williams (Neighbours) | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
12546_PaulRobinson(Neighbours) | neighbours fictional character australian television soap opera neighbours long running serial drama social life fictional melbourne suburb played paul created producer neighbours original characters debuted episode broadcast march currently sole remaining original cast member paul appeared regular basis pursue work agreed reprise role guest appearance dennis returned time remained role dennis views decision leave neighbours mistake early character development 1980s episodes changed paul powerful arrogant villainous business man paul evil persona long admired dennis entertainment value creates paul evil ways brain story brought character producer vision character play stories ranging money leg held hostage crimes portrayed fellow characters prominent character neighbours writers designed episode paul story dubbed pushed paul pushed unseen character attack created long running mystery paul marriages countless affairs gained notoriety paul evil character received critics genre entertained actor garnered award nominations portrayal paul casting received phone agent told audition new soap called neighbours dennis said wasn keen interested feature film auditioned felt sure going dennis originally auditioned roles shane roles later given respectively cast instead neighbours cancelled seven months debut revived network dennis reprised role paul january onwards current cast member appeared episode march dennis quit role longer felt challenged actor stated literally walking thought good acting doesn fresh time dennis said favourite moments asked come celebrate neighbours episode character development characterisation paul originally quiet member family worked air steward paul failed marriage altered personality self centred network publicity assessed turned bitter cynical worked powerful businessman managing complex developed traits left viewed money grabbing control freak character left kindness shared generous moments grandmother described having ability notice talent employing shared ambition portrayed tenure villain paul viewed participating unpredictable stories arbitrary nature lead dennis character bored times storylines aren centred character writers come little twists time network branded paul high flying business man enjoyed met labels character serial cheat ill treatment opposite sex return portrayed stuck old ways writer added paul committing deals neighbours bid revenge character pity damaged personality faithful romantic partner dennis branded paul evil paul harsh treatment women observing character treated like toys throwing away bored producers realised paul behaviour gone far considered killing dennis commented actor best time character got evil escalated got point got silly ridiculous supposed reality actor said accepted producers decision kill character explained know executive producer decided save character giving brain following removal brain paul evil ways paul dramatic change personality post brain dennis compared differences stating changed odd years ago paul ambitious young entrepreneur difference older lot lot careful post brain longer evil ruthless evil ruthless conscience emotion paul changed ways extent shows signs evil dennis stated fellow cast member purposely portray hints self dennis stated like boiling surface audience think know burst evil stay character moment keeps alive looking corner eye thinking don trust dennis later defended character branded evil character describing early years paul started university student people forgotten studying engineering father disgust left join airline later bit wouldn villain describe bad boy conscience dennis stated loves playing paul opinion colourful average bad guy adding black white bad guy smiling relationships paul enjoyed relationship believed loved tried later kill events knock effect relationship raising trust issues described love early years serial interview entertainment website discussed paul later relationships depth paul relationship scully short lived ultimately twist character right thing dennis describes story sincere good sense day wedding tell good obviously cared came haunted relationship times fiery dennis said want paul like think capable plays fiery character strong paul needs somebody absolutely shit stand fight hard paul relationship children non conventional close bond daughter black dennis describes adding chip old block paul paul daughter think works ways return following year hiatus producers asked dennis return neighbours 20th anniversary episodes talks resulted dennis agreeing return time played screen father helped dennis decision return dennis admitted mistake neighbours explained stupid thought going hollywood conquer world didn dennis return paul original character appearing neighbours actor continued commitment staying long term character reintroduced series finale episode focused fire complex destroys local pub hotel doctor surgery coffee shop paul arrival fire makes suspect return forms end season cliff australian viewers wait months paul return continued screen dennis told inside soap judging appearance certainly look guilty teased paul enigmatic motives committing crime remain unclear dennis professed love character mysterious agenda noted paul grown matured absence producer believed paul return gave writers numerous stories detailed allowed return past characters kick started new web lies concluded neighbours dramatic character paired fellow resident shared personality created stories characters plotted neighbours dennis stated paul relationship fantastic popular interesting character emotional insecure drove evil ways bit paul dennis believed pair worked long term destroyed relationship writers began working material new duo played arch enemy paul previously feuded faces problems relationship turns paul romance spends time away leaving free conduct affair returns fight partner nearly catches bed paul leaves expensive watch finds pretends purchased paul told inside soap jealous paul opportunity gift keen character discover infidelity paul confrontation goes business paul tries warn paul believe attracted paul story provides insight needs stability excitement paul provides leg paul main storylines culminated having leg accident storyline received criticism paul shown different occasions false leg dennis explained interview production team helped ensure appear effectively stating actually makes sort keeps foot rigid looks like actually non moving piece time change leg swapped noticed dennis revealed wears leg remembering leg little distracting robert revenge campaign paul upbringing children provided producers scope introduce estranged family members writers devised long running storyline paul son robert plans revenge campaign father robert motives stem paul grew paul happy children robert played hunter life tries robert attempts bond unaware plotted writers decided mark episode story robert takes paul hostage dennis filmed scenes studio set surrounded cameras lighting crew told found difficult pretend trapped underground dennis explained character oblivious robert intentions believes robert taking family camping holiday robert paul drugs robert admits causing plane crash killed bishop family intending paul die dennis explained robert goes town telling paul terrible father going pay robert successful seals entrance leaving paul dead begins suspect robert mentally ill convince residents save paul death paul escapes kidnapped robert decides humour robert hope return robert discovers paul plans marry mother unaware ruse set authorities arrest convinces robert leave final chance kill paul wedding wedding originally suggested shocked paul organise dennis explained robert ultimate goal destroy paul giving time place target paul plan trap pair exchange wedding vows binding robert surface paul begins shout orders robert confront robert paul approaches father dennis said pair massive showdown character pulls gun shoots paul following latest crimes robert arrested fake wedding provided paul writers chance explore paul relationship served characters 1980s episodes neighbours dennis said chemistry existed present pair screen relationship begins suffer wedding makes paul remember past shared actor recalled filming wedding question paul love episode character notice feelings story ends tragedy loss paul accepts lift cameron neighbour spots car max mistakes cameron robert believes danger attempt rescue max knocks cameron kills warned start new story paul wants revenge max issues chilling threat pushed july revealed paul central serial episode executive producer hinted previously milestone involve paul teased audiences revelation horrible happen iconic character paul involvement reasoning explained episode years ago decided character play important role special event like usual tricks past weeks street sick announced plot style arc paul left fighting life pushed level episodes structured episode build prior episode new suspect revealed broadcaster posted official statement enemies hard narrow motive harm pushed plays serial compared storyline shot storyline american soap opera dallas screen storyline progresses new character tries solve mystery storylines paul oldest child wife anne half sister born year afterward followed brother scott half brother finally youngest sister anne died giving birth paul paul grandmother helen moved robinson house help jim children paul self confessed favourite paul marries relationship terry shoots paul finds killed boyfriend goes run terry eventually arrested later commits suicide prison paul meets second time having worked previously applies job agree enter marriage convenience order secure business agreement soon develop genuine feelings renew vows year paul learns fathered child amy convinced paul lose interest treatment adoption paul committed having children treatment pregnant paul starts working hard detached death father decides leave tasmania gives birth black robert cameron couple later divorce paul faces financial troubles funding paul house twin sisters falls love paul short romance quick engagement couple marry shortly pregnant gives birth son andrew shannon holmes paul suffers nervous breakdown caroline couple eventually reunite leave manage branch hawaii paul later returns street gets brother law involved fraud scandal paul flees brazil asks join returns helen birthday celebration ruined forced flee country fraud charges paul returns australia death helen sentenced seven years imprisonment serves paul returns sets fire complex kills catches paul helps rebuild complex paul affairs later frames husband david fraud paul strikes deal build street gets protégé local wetlands paul wants pull deal taken bush beaten paul escapes falls cliff badly breaking leg paul recovers hospital leg infected paul sister encourages proper home moves number paul begins relationship estranged daughter moves celebrate 20th anniversary paul neighbours joy flight tasmania flight bomb explodes causing plane crash sea paul survive paul son robert arrives guise twin cameron trapping old robert confesses planting bomb plane sending poisoned letter paul robert collapses entrance leaves paul die paul eventually rescued grows closer returns town paul hold fake wedding lure robert hiding shoots paul survives bullet proof vest paul goes downward spiral women attempts blackmail scully max accidentally kills cameron paul decides shoot max revenge talked paul begins relationship engaged kissing lead wedding paul admits faithful minutes marry having sold half keeping share paul decides regain control knowing owns shares paul tries break relationship date manages convince paul sign share leaves paul brain removed loses memory later neighbours bad things paul begins relationship oliver mother youngest son remembering murdered paul confesses police sister police inform paul pursuing case boyfriend try blackmail paul kidnapping paul affair ends relationship paul regains assets buys news paul briefly dates soon reconcile paul initially blamed half sister death goes run cleared daughter paul engaged wedding announce paul married paul marries paul youngest son andrew played comes stay father paul suffers financial difficulties money frames accident building site caused comes find evidence paul paul asks sex gives paul ultimatum leave leave family hands management hotel months paul discovers diana working remove company contacts fires diana paul threatens finds paul affair threats pushes paul survives staying causing marriage deteriorate later convinces paul sign states fall accident leaves country paul falls local councillor plots ruin career local police station closed merged paul makes sure house party writes article police late scene merger learns paul sent party tells press paul forced step editor hires public relations consultant jade improve image paul briefly date paul unsuccessfully tries editor job susan paul kate paul andrew purchase charlie bar paul beings affair wife andrew collapses tells paul paul tries charlie away soon ends affair finds paul sells news fund plan turning floors apartments paul dies explosion wedding reception grounds files civil action paul preliminary police report indicates paul gas bottle found come faulty stock paul uses help bribe councillor reports police tells paul promoted head gets apartment plans approved hires new manager paul accused sexual harassment manages caroline drop lawsuit giving settlement asks paul help starts paul hires care later hit car paul pays services rendered returns warns paul putting business family jack confesses paul giving fortune away dying paul mason believe killed denies threatens paul paul offers manage singing career gets sign rights song paul gives song decides recording paul attempts sue georgia drops case learns jack died asks fraud conviction removed criminal record run mayor unsuccessfully runs paul seeks separate hotel chain enable sack job paul threatens sue persuades paul hire keeps hotel chain paul learns works civic project called signature cover letter return paul tells mayor loves paul asks refuses paul kate gets reconcile fatally shot paul blames mark kate death paul nephew daniel arrives town agrees stay paul opens charlie announces renamed chosen kate died purchasing painting reilly paul learns police ownership disputed asks money tells spent paul asks sex exchange pressing charges paul dropping charges paul mark join forces find kate killer informs paul victor younger brother suspect kate murder paul realises responsible kate death buys gun meets victor paul killing kate matt mark arrive mark tackles paul matt arrests victor paul develops depression knowing actions responsible kate death tries help public paul suspended mayor begins garden nursery helps overcome grief encourages paul start dating number casual relationships dating app falls daniel puts romance amber turner work argue daniel amber tornado hits paul goes car hit skip daniel amber rescue suffers broken ribs cracked prosthetic paul decides ready mayor media gathering postponed nursery paul discovers vandalism mother stepping interim mayor paul time brazil arrives tells paul abandoned explanation return australia paul memories unclear brain agrees help set bar paul falls love soon learn involved diamond smuggling leaves asking money goes rough patch marriage paul arranges boss steve nation come intention breaking marriage tries force fired tries sue paul paul pays attack confesses police paul gives money quiet arrangement paul hires organise festival weeks events celebrating suburb returns convinces paul community services paul tries stop daniel amber wedding sending amber away photography trip planning flight cancelled wedding asks talk daniel dangers marrying wrong person forces paul bring amber realises tells amber daniel fails appear wedding goes looking paul realises town help convinces sing festival closing concert informs paul starts course paul hires assistant helps diagnosis secret paul collapses calls help tells diagnosis nick tells paul body stopped responding paul wants succeed mayor asks find daughter amy encouraging paul positive kisses develop feelings paul asks head hair starts falling sells paul collapses pneumonia hospitalised nick tells paul cancer georgia claims paul cancer nick found paul patient files arrested soon paul tries forget feelings pushing discovers plan breaks sell paul kiss amy turns angered paul immediately recognise later leaves town daniel persuades amy return introduces paul son jimmy paul jimmy bond buys jimmy expensive presents amy returns paul fires kyle council project fails sexually amy convinces kyle job paul learns crush jimmy later clear air paul gives amy job executive assistant making mistake costs money paul proposes accepts soon doubts argument night stand paul agree engagement decides revenge getting good behaviour bond revoked paying plant illegal bag breaks paul leaves job overseas paul pays jimmy father leave town resulting jimmy wanting spend time paul plans close high sell land push luxury housing development paul personal sent media resulting receiving death threats hires bodyguard amy finds petition save school paul confesses stealing susan office day fire later fired mayor bank calls loans leaving financial difficulty paul receives dead rat sent box later learns intended aaron paul asks aaron help scheme explains wants leave want near jimmy paul medication drugs offers drive doctor avoid car crashes tree paul regains consciousness sees found drugs pocket forces tell plan later giving job money exchange reporting police paul forced assets pay debts bank sells paul escorted police paul lives invites live house paul plans start new business making partnership amy needs borrow money started offers lend learning paul scheme amy refuses ahead project paul tells paul considering buying offers paul manager paul later discovers attempting frame leaving town kisses paul invites bedroom things tells paul wants friends paul remains interested tries convince investors buy business citizen year event stolen accidentally costs liquor licence paul asks saint sabotage event horrified hotel boiler explodes injuring daniel killing supporting admitting loves paul secretly worries caused explosion paul persuades lie police support false paul arrested found deleted footage boiler room visits paul prison maintains innocence paul bail released angry comes funeral later says hates paul investigates alternative suspects mark tells stop accuses paul harassment bail conditions reviewed required wear ankle monitor aaron paul adviser paul interview online paul position worse tells police paul confessed aaron advises paul voluntary clean criticised paul hit car taken hospital discharged paul decides run away steals paul meets bush seeks help getting passport calls asking bring money refuses hearing conversation amy jimmy finds paul bush jimmy reaction bee sting paul takes hospital resulting arrested custody agrees represent paul pleads guilty paul pleads guilty persuades defend end trial admits having commit despite paul found guilty sentenced eighteen years jail non parole period fourteen years paul decides appeal urges amy jimmy visit jail prisoner warns paul danger assaulted jail paul asks protect granted parole paul assaulted taken hospital later released prison confesses blowing hotel reception dennis earned award nominations role paul inside soap awards dennis nominated best bad boy following year dennis nominated best bad boy saw dennis nominated best bad boy dennis nominated best daytime star award received nomination category digital spy soap awards ceremony dennis nominated villain year reporter branded character retro soap branded bad boy motivated greed lust paul manipulated way business ladies beds watch ladies ran feature memorable television paul return said ruthless businessman fled australia escape fraud charges return sinister burn hotel complex entertainment website commented paul stating bit ladies man eye business deal struggled good paul bad paul street prolific marry father fact paul false leg shown screen adding paul wooden leg causes remembers holy soap said paul starting fire killing return soap opera greatest branded legendary figure neighbours book neighbours years names paul soap opera enduring characters inside soap writer opined paul remained smooth operator observing certainly short slick chat line skilled celebrate neighbours 25th anniversary british satellite broadcasting company sky characters believed memorable series history paul list joke wives stating paul wives points current wife naming points remembering wife terry yes paul block branded reason neighbours opinion good viewing 2000s adding soap villain role love hate return marked start neighbours getting awesome mid probably safe period time suffered amnesia branded legend character entertainment reporting website broadcast praised paul development stating kind character fast planned way new supermarket development fraud blackmail murder level paul wouldn sunk infamous bad boy turned new leaf book fault print paul dennis acting ability stating villain genius wanted takes sheer brilliance able act badly author describes paul similar fictional character paul referred fictitious novel depth character watching neighbours scenes featuring paul receiving disapproval believes couple love writing daily_mail commented paul obsession stating help feeling short stake heart going paul life stephen later said taking advice paul like asking spirit guide said things like villain minus cape added columnist stated best times doesn half ladies | Paul Robinson (Neighbours) | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
13187_ChrisPappas(Neighbours) | chris fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played mason told character gay successfully auditioned role began filming scenes october year screen appearance episode broadcast february executive producer said character storyline created requests young viewers neighbours website online forums storyline based real life experiences writers chris prominent ongoing male homosexual character year history second ongoing homosexual character overall following introduction chris departed march cameo appearance november chris high school student befriended soap teens captain school basketball team began dating lucas chris developed crush subsequently revealed gay chris initially struggled sexuality reactions friends family team mates finding employment local garage chris faced customer august love interest chris introduced form formed neighbours gay couple break reunion chris split good january chris focus punch storyline agreed baby friend expected chris coming storyline receive criticism media commentators called obvious ratings grab mason script producer defended storyline saying ploy boost ratings explored chris coming affected people television critics lgbt websites given character storyline development positive reception mason earned nomination awards creation casting neighbours executive producer said creation character storyline result requests young viewers neighbours website forums said featured lesbian love scenes men taboo australian dramas added chris coming storyline based real life experiences shows writers mason agent got audition neighbours originally read role given offer play role chris arrived days later mason told okay knowing chris gay character mason major television role began filming scenes october making screen debut february later revealed thirds boys auditioned role chris backed discovered character gay said disappointing surprising mason said excited opportunity like added writers helped script coming straight experiences praised mason saying wonderful job october reported neighbours writers producers unsure chris connected street said writer character story time mason filming reported known given new contract january network spokesperson told mason role expanded april chris screen time chris seen taking issues gay teenager regular cast member mason told love time spend neighbours feel learning time thing industry hard find stable work stability extremely grateful development coming chris neighbours second ongoing homosexual character following introduction neighbours featured short term minor male gay characters plot points small story arcs chris male gay character given prominent role minor male gay characters appear taylor following year gay victim dismissal campaign pupils hinted gay mason said hints chris sexuality way august chris finally revealed gay girlfriend summer week described chris deeply conflicted decision tell sexuality mason said hard chris girlfriend time try tell situation difficult summer initially takes news plays fellow student discovers classmates gay goes way find expose mason said realise sees game life mason said nervous filming chris coming describing scene said stand group people tell character gay little intimidating actor felt storyline handled realistic manner said shows coming difficult thing mason spoke friend coming experience gain information long took come people reacted storyline follows chris struggle sexuality depicts reactions friends family deals issue sport australian gay lesbian newspaper said chris captain school basketball team word gay gets teams turns nasty previous sex storylines led criticism conservative groups said storyline come fire saying believe alive doubt complaints australian lgbt website said story attracted attention media commentators called obvious ratings grab attempt gay rival soap home away script producer defended storyline said ploy grab ratings said particularly proud way chris storyline handled added wanted story affects people different ways wasn chris story think interesting sexuality affected friends relationships mason said hoped storyline draw viewers responsible way feedback stay positive mason added like chris happy future hopes viewers warm added know sensitive topic think difference encounters looking depth gay kiss relationships affects people backed saying wanted gay chris character chris gay character typical gay stereotype shows like play basketball team girlfriend time think good job portraying way character discovering relationship foster october mason stated romantic interest chris introduced future said confirmed chance chris find mason admitted find awkward perform male kissing scene following year mason revealed writers plans romance chris radar weeks later announced joined cast love interest chris chris formed serial gay couple called storyline natural progression chris noting needed meet stage told digital spy chris romance handled sensitive way treated character explained chris naturally shy person person sexuality heart according character relationship character bob playing older track relationship testing relationship story gay male romance mason said chris relationship slow build chris meets brought hospital following vicious beating provides source kindness support chris later takes car local garage serviced chris initially unaware going attempts help chris asking gay straight leads embarrassment appearance chris father george makes situation worse asks chris drink turns mason told inside soap writer george starting accept son gay invites chris drink chris turns fear dad think chris intrigued unsure boyfriend new urges chris face fears decides play attending chris bonds thinks missed chance goes date mason revealed leads new tension characters chris later arrange date turns complete disaster chris initially anxious edge realises having fun calls chris help problem leave assumes chris set thing date chris date marks beginning relationship neighbours gay couple april chris shared screen kiss couple shown sign physical affection point shared passionate embrace house party told week chris share intimate moment couple thought kiss awkward kiss previously performed mason spent lot time effort getting right characters chris kiss marked serial male gay kiss seven year history previously promised token low key scene earned praise viewers social networking sites took break neighbours led writers screen break chris break occurs learns chris told parents relationship mason said chris fine friends knowing relationship different story comes parents father things easy past mother chance know chris parents throw birthday party decides invite learns party andrew feels hurt chris actions makes clear chris relationship mason added gravity situation hits chris left shock thinks come things falling place chris learns parents accepted relationship realises lost assumption chris later got weeks chris broke good chris ended relationship honest things chris learned keeping andrew suspension hospital secret got fight hid chris end things mason said chris love tough later desperate suggestion chris realised bad idea mason chris pretty happy lucky guy don think self pity long mason added miss enjoyed working storyline september chris meets customer garage warren makes prejudice gay people clear chris mason said chris unsure respond situation met adult speaks gay people way warren chris tells boss warren disappointed lucas chris situation mason explained confronting guy wasn pointing remarks directly chris lucas didn understand chris offended didn appreciation deep comments hurt chris storyline divided opinions viewers understanding lucas want confront warren chris mason said pleased viewers discussing storyline admitted appreciated sides actor said lucas wasn customer saying things didn understand chris point view story went saw lucas change respect chris grew mason added storyline showing understanding person coming willing change ideas months later warren returns garage lucas shows support chris defends chris meets befriends warren son blake oliver warren learns blake friends chris decides stop situation warren threatens kill chris stops spending time blake mason told week thinks shame chris blake continue friendship warren views soon clear chris warren clear mason added big happen end chris february digital_spy reported chris shocked realises romantic interest charity camp organised girlfriend georgia visits chris tent says makes chris believe making mason commented storyline believes straight especially girlfriend added funny moments lead big revelation long camp incident lets attraction chris better tries kiss chris explained hitting chris chris doesn kicks house doesn realise kiss means shocked chris kiss decide need tell georgia soon learn proposed georgia decide remain silent stop having heart broken punch september chris focus punch storyline kyle georgia joint night chris forced drunk caused scene shortly returned hit chris punch causing fall hit head rock kyle georgia found chris unconscious rushed hospital critical condition mason pleased given storyline explaining issue australia time said moral story little mistake dire consequences like think use story educate people word battling moment mason thought chris able forgive future long process deal fact life changed forever attack mason added chris difficulties accepting like attacked chris faced trouble suffered sudden seizure mason explained things changed chris attack seizure compounded fear struggling rest life chris worried developed like andrew doctors informed seizure temporary brain injury chris kept hospital overnight meant romantic plans partner hold turned hospital mason said time chris realises relationship told chris loved time departure years role mason decided leave neighbours chris departed march chris exit storyline saw decide time father child new_york told chris want new_york decided end relationship commented long time coming chris decided wants new_york staying chris departed november chris cameo appearance announce birth daughter storylines buying manual win girlfriend chris befriends chris joins basketball team later elected captain begins dating summer makes harry jealous andrew gets chris fired job local swimming pool throws party gets control things chris andrew helps job local gym summer annoyed chris andrew easily allows influenced school chris ends fight defends andrew concerned chris behaviour chris later tells confused andrew leading michael realise chris gay michael daughter spreads year student gay people believe summer rumours start affect chris comes class andrew realises chris feelings annoyed chris suspended school gets fight rival basketball captain parents find fight gay throw chris stays summer later breaks reveals struggling sexuality chris fault gay friendship stronger chris befriends helps summer fall receiving lower grades expected chris attending university gets job father george wants university george happy chris begins attending customer makes comments gay people makes chris feel uncomfortable warren son blake befriends chris father warren witnesses playing pool warns chris stay away blake chris later attacked working lucas takes hospital chris leaves getting rays later collapses perform emergency surgery chris breathing nurse assigned look chris chris later turns offer drink encourages spend time chris jealous goes date guy eventually manages ask chris begin dating encourages chris tell parents chris admits struggling worries father react chris chooses invite birthday party hosted family breaks chris tells parents relationship assure accepted car journey city chris friends find hiding boot car andrew pressures chris allowing sit summer lap argument andrew breaks arm loses control car crashes chris blames accident andrew father paul dennis tries sue police fine chris loses license months chris chris moves street chris frustrated feelings accept help goes promise open honest chris breaks chris suffers flashback crash damages car car return asks chris vehicles chris comes clean lucas calls police threatens chris gets rid boyfriend makes sexual advances chris georgia finds starts avoiding chris later chris befriends sees bullied amber develops crush chris forced tell happen chris begins dating competitive swimmer chris breaks hudson learns taking performance enhancing drugs chris hudson later hudson confesses running amber boyfriend chris refuses trouble sleeping chris gets sleeping pills kyle grandmother later find chris collapsed garden tells chris stop taking sleeping pills chris ignores advice starts chris series night stands gets warnings work new boss chris arrested punches spoke journalist chris hudson relationship drives chris prison hudson sort things hudson tells chris cut contact needed time prepare prison chris asks hudson relationship agrees chris keeps hudson secret parents angered inadvertently reveals secret mother later arrested theft chris learns gambling knew chris knee badly injured boyfriend stephen hill attacks undergoes surgery nurse suffers reaction chris frustrated hudson questions relationship feel decides ask drink later chris collapses complications surgery hospital tells hudson chris visit hudson appears distracted hudson asks seeing chris hudson breaks chris tells hudson lonely hudson want chris date guilt goodbye chris spends time begin dating relationship ends dog napoleon bites kyle dog refuses accept responsibility chris befriends asks father child chris replies needs time decide chris meets arrange picnic date chris shocked attacks drunk guy convinces second chance chris asks open time army afghanistan gets physical promises happen asks chris push opening ready georgia kyle joint night chris punched unseen hits head kyle georgia find rushed hospital placed induced coma later confesses punching chris chris wakes struggles remember words right weakened chris allowed leave hospital attend georgia kyle wedding discharged hospital chris chris decides return work garage unable work sent home chris later suffers seizure admitted hospital forced quit job longer handle workload injuries mother offers chris job manager persuades accept returns chris rejects offer father child confesses want children chris changes mind supports later helps chris need think idea thoroughly draw contract detailing child raised learn carriers spinal muscular chris tells find donor chris sees changes mind ahead couple weeks later calls chris tell pregnant chris plans visit new_york scan confesses banned states previously agrees help lift ban misses meeting chris accuses taking seriously returns visit chris decides wants split time new_york baby comes idea realises want different things break chris decides new_york leaves farewell party months later amber contacts chris video learning daughter chris introduce anne chris asks amber hello reception portrayal chris mason nominated popular new male talent awards mason won punch storyline character inclusion neighbours storyline received positive reaction public television critics lgbt websites chris coming episode broadcast august seen viewers australia said inclusion chris positive step juvenile audience added following gay kiss scandal home away test neighbours coming remains storyline chris news said simply dismiss gay character simply plot line denying significance especially enduring mainstream neighbours small reflection changing attitudes society praised neighbours focusing chris coming issue instead letting chris explode closet leave said chris coming praised way handled added decision play school viewers similar situation identifying storyline university film television professor said usually subscription television channels risks portraying storylines like chris added risk taking entertainment possible audience attitudes changed commercial networks like reflect holy soap said chris memorable moment announcing entire class gay website said found humorous neighbours emphasizes gentleman chris compared andrew said like saying nice guy girlfriend gay television usually case hoped chris relegated monitoring relationship andrew summer having romance later said neighbours fairly decent job chris coming story wished viewers got chris thoughts feelings situation affected people added like chris isn perfect kid shows tend gay teens near saints instead fairly average kid makes mistakes like starting fight basketball game july revealed seen comments people thinking lucas chris paired opined hint romance wondered people assumed gay character shares scene guy revealed liked chris lucas mentor relationship writer commented introduction chris father said delighted chris finally getting drama pretty realistic added nice father son dynamic play feeling lot chris dad issues stem fact son gay hope issues writing said love chris boyfriend guy mason revealed positive reaction character viewers receiving mail people similar experiences appreciate neighbours added interesting lot feedback fact character coming wasn warm experience rough spots appreciated authenticity story think comes character storylines based people real life experiences branded token gay added good neighbours having gay character listening britney_spears inside soap staff said wait chris added high time boyfriend chris storyline sun herald wrote good neighbours having ongoing gay character explore interesting issues | Chris Pappas (Neighbours) | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
14185_JaneHarris(Neighbours) | neighbours fictional character soap opera neighbours played debuted screen episode broadcast july created writer jones originally auditioned role successful prompted jones telephone producers months asking role cast jones decided quit serial order pursue projects character departed september year jones cast members agreed return serial marking 20th anniversary neighbours screen featured making cameo documentary street duration held nickname plain jane early intelligent image referred character media alike portrayed type character going journey self discovery transformed heart breaker notable point storyline wears place glasses dresses sexy acts thick order win mike young heart documented critics holds place popular culture referred cases extreme academic publications criticised stereo type females sexy intelligent time jones received award popular actress portraying jane casting creation jane developed different way usual process regular audition sessions aspiring actress spent months ringing neighbours production company asking role said appeared australian shows desperately wanted neighbours jones originally auditioned role given small role planned weeks appearances jones landed role permanent cast member development characterisation jane originally portrayed lonely quiet generating nickname plain jane referred beginning role jones describes character clothing style forced mother believed dressed clothing jane clever bullied whilst school meets begins transform different person help began dress differently confident began drawing attention male characters notably eventually seen heart breaker jane grandmother approve change personality jane ignores worries model following takes initiative end relationship begins affair older man relationships producers cast actress play jane mother explore backstory arrives daughter years abandoned start new life hong_kong billed glamorous notices jane attractive character decides try compete attention soon left intended guest character producers devised romance storyline character alongside jane grandmother happy prospect jane mike forming relationship jane decides pursue relationship told week character mainly shared relationship jane writers introduced temporary love interest jane pilot older new boyfriend age difference jane decides end romance explained realises going work calls wins support jane involvement mike similar age pair good terms prior working photography assignment spend day leave pair spend time resolve past problems added character trying charm jane time eventually gives mike believed felt sorry mike time comes likes reported june jones signed new contract appear jane months jane mike relationship writers decided pair established character relationship formed des decides help mike set photography dark room birthday gift jane offers help nearly des manages rescue jane believes des saved life develop connection jones told week builds affair jane virtually stand mother little des son maternal instincts girls start emerge results final break relationship mike jones added mike gets flick basically mike hurt new love interest chose incorrectly believes jane chance jane des share meal discuss mike jane believed des invited romantic intentions mind des feel drawn jane jones told magazine character upset des wants discuss mike jane nearly hit car makes des realise love jane asks marry mike left feeling worse women life chosen men jones told des friends believe attached memory late wife explained natural proposal comes big shock characters left emotionally damaged previous relationships jones believed duo commitment actress added great des finally mourning looking forward character taking role step mother interesting jane responsibility looking child happy storyline believed time des excited work closely alongside jones storyline departure return jones decided quit serial order pursue projects jones contract renewal chose proceed jones told week years soap opera long right time leave jones filmed final scenes neighbours july year camp revealed jane exit storyline receiving bad news health performing mercy dash overseas des pleads leave leaves regardless des request wedding plans hold camp added jane departure comes total shock residents street jane departed episode broadcast september confirmed jones reprising role join cast members returning 20th anniversary episode storylines jane born peter parents constantly busy time count grandmother went live parents moved hong_kong teased school somewhat clever given nickname plain jane super brain ends neighbours gradually friends jane later starts date mike seeing mike love rival begins send poison pen letters mike later allows finds sue letters lost bush shane peter brien strike friendship share bond makes mike jealous relationship mike gradually comes end comes ruse getting know daughter reality hiding fined insurance fraud jane eventually tell leave jane starts working jane scott spend time helping revise jane crush later kiss witnesses tells scott refuses talk jane eventually gets pretends pursue scott wants wanting away happy sees jane potential tries work new_york jane later decides willing leave friends family love interest proposes december accepts engagement mark mother takes instant dislike jane later tries pass jane mother mother arrives jane furious tony reveals truth finds pursuing falls love des engaged engagement comes end suffers heart attack goes england nurse health des waits bride months later jane phones tells des wedding england grandmother jane appears documentary focusing past residents street reveals living reception portrayal jane jones won popular actress award awards times named transformation memorable neighbours moments said barely remembered moment long days television reveal jane previously memorable terribly parted hair super big haired wearing lovely sent shock comedy central satellite television station airs branded original girl opining jones won jane legion male fans author confessed attraction book neighbours comment jane stating brought replace main love interest character proves man hungry orange describe jane style shy genius state famous transformation ugly beautiful swan obtained serial hottest newspaper independent compared said girl wearing glamour joked looked knock gorgeous late 1980s street standards entertainment website published article criticising soap operas storyline brand jane geek famous storylines nature repetitive guardian branded purposely failing tests mike attention ridiculous added teenager remember having earnest discussions girls true men like clever girls ought try appear clever whilst newspaper said school turned beauty queen compiled advice guide attending christmas parties workplace style advised readers look jane inspiration want dress impress entertainment website ran feature inspired jane branded jane said thought astonishing stated took glasses red mouth ice stupid celebrity hoping increase fame unaware thing happened australian drama serial neighbours went geek matter moments leeds culture website stated genre fascinated mentioned prime example europe leading drinks trade publication compared jane brand beer commenting bland appears said jane cream refer jane neighbourhood stated plain female taking glasses beauty brand antics scott brand jane serial super stated went day went sought lost lenses confused popular culture feels need upgrade sex appeal presence absence glasses agrees point book english gifted talented students years added able students lack positive collective story identity making example jane columnist website branded jane des listed jane forgotten characters claiming favourite golden era neighbours cooper described seemingly girl turned liking succession older men jane referred fictitious novel depth character watching neighbours jane mentioned radio presenter tour guide book states excited visiting set neighbours opinion good happened departures jane mike | Jane Harris (Neighbours) | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
14427_RhysLawson | fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played actor casting announced began filming scenes week opposite established cast members barber said loved character looking forward ahead debut screen appearance july november announced barber leaving neighbours screen appearance march arrival screen barber described determined focused digital_spy said arrival cause stir ambitious manipulative profile official neighbours website states believes bit city guy enthusiastic young doctor colleague quest surgeon wants succeed justify certain things hurt people good separating work life home life knows good time barber revealed sensitive mean character earliest storylines saw caught marital problems treating friend jim died remained affected death long time night stand left kate feeling awkward determined join hospital surgical training programme devastated missed place romantically pursued manipulative behaviour forced quit programme exploration character backstory began mother introduced barber believed allow audience casting announced barber joined cast neighbours casting announcement came lost regular cast member barber appearing small guest role fellow australian soap opera home away given role began filming scenes neighbours opposite week casting announcement appearing neighbours actor told standard catch moment realise working actors watched growing scenes great help safe hands barber revealed loved character looking forward ahead screen appearance july development characterisation real city guy thinks bit career focused driven determined surgeon doesn care shortly casting announced barber told reporter loved character said determination focus trouble digital_spy said arrival cause stir local residents barber called ambitious said villain entirely good guy actor explained rides line lot fun play lot different dynamics bordering manipulative sensitive coming gradually barber told writer inside soap good separating work life home life easily switch barber knows good time official neighbours website said considers bit ladies man reporter said colleague plays revealed character share scenes explained somewhat faced enthusiastic young doctor actor added expect fun confrontation writers explored common asked advice character barber said unfortunately don think listen place time day control going speaking channel barber revealed lot new year viewers learn story explain dark interview barber said character good getting wants saying think end day wants win ability justify things people hurt process fault vision important barber said deep sensitive means asked reaction received viewers barber believed liked character unpredictable manipulative added viewers interested seeing asked felt playing bad boy dna barber revealed loved saying exciting getting scripts know way going turn going turning actor wondering character going manipulate screw added core things heart gold family mother robinson introduced november barber revealed interview backstory explored stated explain lot way added big revelation coming suffers spinal condition use wheelchair forced care father ran tries life street separate family asks spend easter makes visit barber revealed inside soap writer realises lying starts wonder ashamed seen actions arrive appear confirm mother suspicions wonder makes excuse barber explained pretends visiting patients hurt embarrassed comes realises feels terrible tries things taking hospital meet colleagues questions motives going public admitting look attitude interview barber said liked fact mother introduced chance learn character background expressed wish having father introduced future saying doesn good relationship dad abandoned family younger certainly create lot interesting early storylines storylines saw caught marital problems attending physician man befriended susan aware susan going difficult time marriage solely concerned jim annoyed susan interference patient barber told columnist wants tells susan jim suffering save life susan tells jim doesn like takes jim physician steps watches situation jim dies writer official neighbours website said event stay long time night stand long introduction meets kate local bar big night following morning kate wakes apartment told writer inside soap don actually lead minute meets bar minute slept kate feels awkward situation worse unable remember kate meet different attitudes night stand said bit player big deal expectations kate uncomfortable tries cover tracks november said interesting relationship kate barber thought interesting characters actor added sparks fly kate knows press buttons surgical program determined join hospital surgical program led head surgery makes potentially dangerous mistake form covers makes clear wants return knowing plays golf martin asks join game try impress surgeon despite warned martin like talk shop golf games reveals following career martin impressed barber explained writer inside soap choice agree good doctor bit awkward doesn like way operates speak martin grants interview place surgical program knows makes fool misses place program barber told digital spy feeling devastated desperate barber described position stupid act lost shortly missing program finds performing surgery initially treats chris hospital attacked work unknown chris refuses stay medical treatment later collapses lung barber said soon sees chris rays goes duty find actor explained finds floor knows exactly happened isn sure long unconscious knows chris dead minute goes straight emergency mode bid save chris life performs emergency procedure breathing piece conducting type surgery qualified surgeon think consequences soap said quick thinking pays chris starts breathing hospital warns held chris pull tries unsuccessfully brien quit surgical program turns attention plots spot program instead pursues erin romantically tries distract away work kicked program place barber said scheme sees manipulative best realises erin vulnerable strikes told writer week erin bit reluctant accept asks thinks like normally interested attention added erin unaware act kate realises plan barber explained kate feelings matter means sole objective program mind kate appalled erin casualty scheme forces erin miss class barber revealed feels guilt plan falling place perfectly kate later tries tell erin guy able erin believe kate problem manages convince erin kate jealous girlfriend want place program erin bed calls time relationship focus studies later learns erin turned late surgery dinner wine erin turns hospital alcohol implies drinking problem barber explained plant seed doubt fake concern colleague rest erin program giving chance successfully apply place moves immediately catches eye later treats admitted hospital severe morning sickness believes father child pulling weight starts looking helps lift heavy boxes offers cake thank soap observed sees mates having fun clear got bad later returns spend time lucas commented met match barber said appeals stated finds attractive takes good needs knocked pedestal rare vulnerability risk hurt ways actor explained fact carrying man child attracted fire passion barber added doesn play games says thinks loves sees trust rare eventually attraction share kiss store barber commented character enjoys making goes kiss actor thought interesting character relationship week observed prepare road ahead living roof lucas relationship level consultation room hospital shocked walks offered chance apply month work placement japan decides apply convince barber revealed puts heart line like says devastated vulnerable place doesn bit ladies man life committed pretty special girl far concerned determined thrilled changes mind barber teased possible viewers adding definitely interesting times ahead departure november week announced barber leaving neighbours cast members executive producer stated characters departing leave legacy street testament extraordinary talents actors playing communities constantly changing neighbours reflective miller believed barber keen look new projects actor filmed final scenes december later revealed character killed attending wedding reception trapped inside collapsed following gas explosion appears unharmed barber explained survives comes manages free wreckage relatively okay unscathed goes hospital precaution despite told barber said thinks fine collapses outside hospital dies week commented death heartbreaking especially planning reconcile father screen appearance march storylines meets round assures simple procedure learns giving jim advice treatment asks stop days later jim informs wants stop meets local bar night stand rounds checks jim stays dies affected jim death goes gym looking distraction befriends advances jade later asks help getting questions mistake unsigned form covers asks join golf game head surgery kyle invites jade accepts kyle defends girlfriend refuses listen tells walk away steve punches kyle angry leaving hires cleaner house kyle bid impress martin colleagues purchases invites dinner granted interview surgical board join training program hospital following night gets horrified learn interview moved earlier time struggles answer panel questions invited join program later visits mother tells joined program treats attacked fails stay rays spots chris broken rib pressing lung finds collapsed floor performs emergency lung saves life asks senior surgeon reconsider letting join surgical program declines tries unsuccessfully brien quit program turns pretends romantically interested tries distract studies kate tells plan convinces erin kate jealous girlfriend lying erin believes dinner wine shirt sleeve hospital implies erin drinking problem surgical program asks place realises takes visit try understand getting program means reveals spinal remarks help explains wants help person develop condition sits exam material missed allows join surgical program makes bet kate seduce jade goes kiss jade rejects mother asks visit tells working easter run jade kyle introduce accuses ashamed takes meet martin reveals failed surgical program interview accuses lying like father denies tells fix things people hurt treats susan tries sure prepared case condition worse later looks brought severe morning sickness learns talking friends tells stay business later helps carry boxes spends day cake buys new invites dinner gives cake tells warns think letting thinks later arrives asks bid charity bachelor auction raise money wins chooses couples enjoy learns susan befriended angrily tells stay away mother witnesses scene cold susan opens goes class teaching jealous invites dinner suffers reaction food kiss interrupted lucas following day goes store kisses opens father arrange date brought hospital tells jade attacked reports police jade finds asks leave house applies month study tour japan asks come mother later gives ring propose shortly leaving japan comes car accident involving street teenagers rings emergency services assessing cuts hand piece wreckage forces cancel trip japan later learns cent chance making recovery following learns improvement hand altering report nerves healing invited assist surgery learns altered test results begs secret later asks retake informs nerves improve standard required surgeon spoke breaks learns marrying lucas urges attends wedding struggles vows leaves church visits ignoring telling want love kate encourage fight tries goes labour takes hospital stays son born tells stopped loving proposes accepts discovers son patrick calls engagement focus attention sets fund raising patrick sells car kick start donations decides tell learns lucas tries return money gives mother ring realises loves receives letter father eddie refuses open eddie calls house short choosing father gives letters wrote tells read later decides father wedding reception gas bottle explodes destroying initially trapped inside manages pull suffers minor injuries broken ribs comes hospital tells supports decision father wishes collapses car park dies blood reception portrayal barber included long list popular new talent award writers week branded handsome selfish surgeon writer said taking advantage mistake writer called tries impress martin television critic golf playing doctor leg tonight puts try oil way surgical training program rat plate lifts lid vintage neighbours sydney morning herald thought called creepy stalking erin adams later wrote doctor threatening status bad boy soap said sank time low tried sabotage erin career thoroughly deserved morgan branded character ruthless stated columnist thought character ruthless added played dirty spread rumours erin having drink problem thought seen conscience erin quit february ran poll asking viewers street biggest nasty received vote writer channel branded characters resident villains inside soap commented taking position hospital year proven career driven doctor daily record soap opera columnist observed gone reporter decided | Rhys Lawson | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
16540_DianaMarshall | fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played screen appearance episode broadcast june month contract began filming scenes april following successful audition revealed writers fans television miniseries starred wrote role diana mind named character diana homage role played character departed september diana highly ambitious driven works arrives new_york business trip decides try control company wants revenge lover broke heart diana wants paul stands way place company secure diana discovers paul money uses wants diana clashes lot residents liked described dangerous woman mission diana sleeps paul despite fact married suspect following attempt life diana received critics character creation casting march announced joined cast neighbours super bitch said met writers told big fans wrote diana mind named character diana homage role played writers know living county chance meeting brought revealed guitarist band managed connect neighbours executive producer tried music featured asked play diana instead said audition role said depressing hates auditioning said fun bad girl kind role enjoys playing added happy earn role feel month guest contract began filming scenes april air june admitted filming scenes hard said noticed new people went thing day wow function said occasionally rehearsals challenging added cast nice got quick pace filming debut episode aired june asked door left open diana return said yes absolutely contracted months way ended air sure use need shake things bit know character development characterisation diana appearance described mega bitch manipulative diana dangerous beautiful sexy strong soap said woman mission described character background saying dysfunctional upbringing strong fighter diana fight life works hard order survive added interview network diana highly ambitious driven makes kind like man diana chiefs knows company heir robinson fortune diana arrives new_york business trip decides wants try control company diana clashes lot residents liked abrupt hide ambition bring people diana charming hides fact looking interests said smiling assassin irresistible wit brain moves away job personality diana wardrobe said complete opposite explained diana conservative wears lot silver grey watches added power suits relationship paul robinson trying diana wants settle score paul stands way achieving goal place company secure life diana boss paul aunt explained diana paul family knows paul diana lovers diana fell love walked broke heart said paul diana relationship came time paul playboy didn care paul men diana fallen love treated badly decides bring said diana keeping eye paul knows following arrival diana begins paul life nightmare said diana force fall love destroy comes diana uses paul son help plan gives diana inside paul believes right thing tries bond diana giving company information diana discovers extent paul money problems knows details ruin paul realises diana knows truth offers join forces bring instead diana friends paul wife realises paul marriage suspect wrong said history paul diana dancing chance catch fire diana charming people meet think lovely makes diana asks paul prove far prepared create alliance prove loyalty proposes sleep diana suspects paul genuine paul insists describes damage paul believes sleeping diana option got dennis added paul feels guilty takes wedding ring terrible said situation ego thing diana makes clear plans destroy paul changed said enjoyed working said fantastic felt comfortable said kind felt like played tennis match time right right absolutely loved working pushed july revealed episode neighbours paul pushed kicks storyline diana suspects said neighbours team developing storyline decided add story paul financial situation leads turn leads diana arriving said great involved storyline said largely featured episode diana suspect attempt paul life bedroom paul diana sends packing diana reason kill paul said seeing news prompts diana pull stops order bring paul friends high places diana seen placing asking taken care hands money stranger paul pushed following attempt paul life diana found scene police manage catch airport returns america diana police attention telling revealed paul affair storylines calls diana tell money gone missing hotel account diana arrives goes charlie drink calls says situation money software diana arrive goes paul introduces diana tells dirt found paul find paul later introduces diana son andrew wife invites diana dinner diana asks meet discuss called diana reveals knows paul money company andrew jealous diana bond gives diana paul financial papers tells business idea diana calls tells evidence paul asks diana updated situation paul asks diana join taking company prove loyalty goes diana hotel room sleeps diana hides camera room paul leaves checks tape finds paul wiped footage diana tries sabotage event held bar taking security conference pleads diana help mother problem instead diana asks paul lawyer work bringing paul agrees diana discovers paul covering paul tells diana sold money troubles soon giving cab fare airport diana tells secured deal sell deal protect paul grateful tells diana book flight home diana asks paul comes hotel room tries seduce pushes away diana tells going paul diana comes charlie tells fun crushing diana throws drink paul face diana home hears paul decided charge months spend time family diana asks help bring paul agrees diana begins calling board members hope persuade vote paul paul discovers working tells diana plan diana goes office finds paul waiting tells plan worked fired diana discovers paul written story newspaper confronts diana tells lot job offers new_york paul says interested toxic diana plane ticket cancelled thrown hotel paul asks help tells paul keeps business papers home safe diana kisses paul time takes house keys pocket breaks house diana find anger paul possessions diana calls mystery person arranges hurt paul goes tells husband affair goes pushes paul detective discovers diana scene stops airport questioning diana tells speak revealing affair paul andrew summer lucas follow diana meeting called night paul pushed jack phone group listen message left diana telling leave town andrew confronts diana hotel mark arrives arrest conspiracy commit murder receives telling diana push paul goes diana tells susan formally charged insists innocent realises susan believes begs susan help diana later released paul wakes mentions argued diana anonymous informs diana paul said begins packing mark team arrive hotel find room diana goes hospital paul tries help weak diana tells push asks tell truth right thing leaving entrance room reception star praised appearance neighbours said intensity screen throw interesting comedy added great work beautiful happy goes screen plays powerful intimidating persona eyes straight week said desperate neighbours cast new female villain prayers answered joined cast diana television critic said neighbours best casting decision years asked join hoped added desperately needs bitch right later compared diana paul australia prime minister predecessor said arrogant men rarely women stab forced stand aside australian prime minister avoid embarrassing defeat hands deputy leader neighbours paul robinson celebrated street television website said diana fabulous plot device | Diana Marshall | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
17051_BridgetParker | parker fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played revamped boost falling ratings australia focus returned family dynamics character family created introduced screen appearance july arrived sydney father mother steve time neighbours storylines included run falling love finding birth mother falling pregnant seventeen march decision taken write parker family quit wanted return studies neighbours died screen july suffering internal injuries sustained car crash character popular viewers pregnancy storyline voted best poll official website character creation casting neighbours suffered worst decline viewers key changes took place boost ratings network drama executive revealed return focus relationships family dynamics writers created introduced new family link street form family screen appearance july marking start renovation actress cast role school girl despite years older character portray cast adoptive parents steve respectively cast biological brother riley character development characterisation portrayed conjunction stereotypical image athletic described open honest outdoor kind girl stating like grown keen interests climbing trees cycling swimming rivers non typical female interests branded interview said relationship changes feels independent family determined person disability high profile storylines disability hit car body storyline saw trying regain complete use body explained interview media reporting website broadcast research carried effects character stating suffers extreme physical difficulties result suddenly poses emotional problems sure understand better going studied medical notes disability internet storyline explored self image issues come disabilities episode exercises danger drowning saved tried kiss advances said pushes fears differently disability teen pregnancy important storylines character discovered pregnant child storyline progressed seen considering abortion adoption ultimately deciding child support caused controversy conservative family groups australia accused neighbours characters teenage pregnancy director said teenage pregnancy considered norm programmes like neighbours lead teenage pregnancy normal acceptable lot kids aren ready head details explicit sexuality neighbours executive producer defended character storyline stating sure lot people happy storyline decided teenagers lives said storyline shallow vulgar adding liked film storyline branded showing emotional spectrum pregnancy justice critics slammed noting neighbours rating storyline lead teenage young viewers storyline continued despite controversy caused parents daughter india departure march announced parker family written decided leave concentrate commitments filmed final scenes april announced reason leaving return studying arts degree melbourne university said didn want forever honest neighbours experience neighbours writers took decision kill character viewers saw injured car accident travelling underwent surgery death vision comes true dies internal injuries metro newspaper called scenes tear heard going leave said honoured feel given good scope terms drama baby got married died got soap opera parker exit said story keeps giving weeks beautifully acted shot tremendous work proud storylines backstory steve adopted years old older brother riley adopted worried irrelevant day day life steve parents known arrival street makes friends joins football team despite opposition bully joins begins race pursued police return home thinking escaped find police waiting banned seeing meet park argue way home trips falls road car driven susan blacks result suffering multiple hits drives unaware found rushed hospital undergoes emergency surgery bleed brain remains unconscious visits pleads wake hand moves day feel left body told permanently disabled susan realises caused accident comes forward arrested trial remembers fell road accident susan fault tells court rehabilitation class swimming pool meets following disastrous date given impression handle disability begins dating following roof collapse illegal dance party trapped rubble carries coming collapse traps tells problem disability shortly begins walk walking aid mobility returns bonds asks school formal joins hotel room chris tries pressure having sex turns aggressive pushes away flees hotel knowing chris hit head chris later dies hospital father confesses police attacked chris protect steve charged murder goes trial tells court pushed chris self defense ordeal big support begin relationship tells wants physical relationship long discovers pregnant runs away scared father plans abortion returns commits baby proposes hesitant engaged decides look birth mother turns meeting decides baby wishes baby realises wants marry church country witnessed friends gives birth daughter music festival couple india struggle cope new lifestyle road trip visit relatives steve crashes car rescues india found search team taken hospital suffers going die makes promise look india shortly dies blood death leaves steve devastated away street long funeral left raise india reception parker family entrance watched average million viewers australia following arrival network head drama praised new cast members saying probably strongest cast character received negative criticism television website shortly arrival said needs fast die freak accident later called self absorbed pain following death wrote grown fond couple pregnancy nominated best storyline inside soap awards fans voted storyline popular poll conducted official neighbours website website announced received votes added love bit drama argue falling pregnant age rebellion constraints wasn story website included death memorable neighbours moments feature october said beloved teen died car crash weeks giving birth baby girl couldn help shed tear new dad baby india revealed interview thought storyline brilliant added storyline featuring pregnancy relationship extraordinary terribly proud | Bridget Parker | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
17518_CarmellaCammeniti | previously sister fictional character soap opera neighbours played appeared recurring basis main character making final guest appearance created replacement portrayed written series ill early storylines including romance connor originally intended daughter protective gangster father initially fun character gradually tortured storylines saw attract attention nun suffer facial develop addiction medication lose husband second member family appear neighbours father later joined mother sister cousins long standing relationships father daughter sarah blair resigned serial order pursue new projects producers arranged separated oliver reunite briefly returned years later consolidate family unit blair won popular new female talent portrayal additionally nominated critics deemed series popular characters blair versatility attracted praise publications highlighted storylines storylines introduced bar place romantically involved colleague connor disapproval father feud connor girlfriend results leaving area later returns connor helps maintain access daughter prove business minded magazine editor departs suddenly victim leaves drives shotgun attempt kill frank return loses connor affection attempts ruin relationship results mother warn tries different approach money mother pay operation needs connor spending time claims borrowed money crime mob prompts connor steal money try pay realises trouble caused tells connor truth leaves period absence mother sends connor secret mission find daughter discovers nun living convent time nun grows close encourages recording artist hearing sing happy admits enjoy singing relationship feels private affairs admits arranged sale cousin unwanted baby fellow nun suggests takes time convent leaves role nun breakdown throws boiling water left severe facial increasingly convinced plastic surgery tells loves fallen love soon leaves country notice younger brother arrives explains double identity short lived relationships oliver teenager addicted drugs later discovers pregnant oliver baby harmed baby addiction begins online business develops attraction initially love oliver learns disappointment feelings gives birth prematurely section condition daughter sarah placed intensive care unit quickly improves mother daughter prompting jealous oliver file sole custody later decision proposes accepts later day severely injured marries hospital bed dies shortly following death believes haunted spirit oliver moves new_york declines invitation accompany later moves portugal december leave briefly return oliver mother breaks husband paul dennis convince come live development creation characterisation created following sudden departure neighbours illness months worth scripts rewritten introduced fill void left character school graduate blair unsuccessfully auditioned role serial impressed casting director months later contacted blair asked audition role cast immediately urgent need fill void left played episodic basis returned longer period briefly blair returned neighbours september signed contract keeping year serial official website described youngest daughter local grew sheltered real world force soon old break free father influence underwent changes tenure blair initially described fun sort character depressed life having sold cousin baby subsequently nun official confirmation convent goes boyfriend connor reasoning blair stated thinking ahead nun right choice wants sure making right decision rest life blair confirmed night answers needed live rest life blair enjoyed opportunity play nun glad storyline concluded meant got fun relationships relationship connor originally scripted transferred producers departure introduction family member father sent prison given sister cast role blair opined inclusion brought different sides character viewers told blair felt casting good look alike significant changes started having fun blair felt meant worked later cast cousin commented rivalry cousins youth interesting following dissolution relationship oliver blair commented oliver special place heart began dating blair felt premature birth strengthened connection oliver explained feels suddenly connection oliver heightened baby feels shut following birth decided love life baby daughter told want life planned leave town word love note present discussing state relationship oliver point blair assessed don think love triangle anymore oliver feelings clear doesn love way doesn want man looking child tension things complicated months later killed bush fire disaster describing filming process blair stated shooting scenes bush fire surrounding wedding funeral draining blair film scenes involving singing funeral deemed close home grandmother funeral found filmed real graveyard previously reluctant sing screen felt justified funeral blair commented repetitive bad luck stating gone point happy time faced stronger person blair said saw equipped look child departure return blair expressed frustration tortured character light end tunnel described role went enormous pushed acting abilities blair pleas producers let luck beat rejected june actress confirmed plans leave series contract expired speaking decision leave blair said decision december eager try new things place people idea want experiment works doesn performer producers confirmed intend kill character hoped return future spokesperson programme broadcaster network stated obviously loved having years sad hope street day future blair later admitted surprised rise popularity whilst playing exit storyline devised months prior blair departure producers planned reunite oliver leave decided travelling meaning unavailable filming prior departure filmed scenes showing reunion scripts quickly rewritten portray oliver portugal real life instead new_york oliver left exit describing reaction scripts end blair commented open script scene smiling read script think damn smiling scenes blair originally hoped killed screen felt dramatic send fitting tragic final year underwent blair decided happy exit finally goes right blair opined lovely story think fans happy happy exit storyline saw leaving taxi surrounded friends waving convinced start new life oliver september revealed blair return film scenes weeks production episodes shown early returns episodes march blair said resist return acts catalyst departure blair felt fitting oliver history want protect watch best interests reception book brands daughter mafia princess blair won award popular new female talent following appearances time blair official cast member declared street favourite actress nominated golden popular personality blair nominated category sexiest female inside soap awards joint nomination best couple remarked popular characters following year nominated best storyline category custody battle oliver sexiest female sydney morning herald television magazine stated compared slightly surreal standards soap operas point storylines transformed character party girl turned nun sold baby found lost love times given birth fought custody battle fought fought members family vein daily_telegraph praised versatility going baby nun suffering severe facial burns required surgery inside soap opined tragedy tragedy deemed boiling water explosive scene called selling baby despite popularity viewers negatively received television website magic neighbours said nun time interesting said seen leave instead said seen storylines serial seeing ghost takes concluded offers needed support daily record said ghost scenes unforgettable dream subject funeral song added oddly friends think gone mad despite impromptu version amazing grace readers inside soap asked oliver came percent vote | Carmella Cammeniti | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
18141_DaphneClarke | clarke rose clarke previously lawrence fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played created neighbours original characters producer originally wanted play role joined cast television series smith came audition guest appearance particularly short caught attention casting director looking outrageous image character smith won role screen debut soap episode broadcast march portrayed smart confident independent woman good background sported short bright clothing stand female characters television time embarrassed profession nonsense approach life immediate favourite viewers gave stripping grandfather gave lease local coffee shop position help customers problems gained trust teenage characters particularly marriage central storylines brief relationship shane peter brien engagements married des july gave birth son july year smith announced departure neighbours wanting kill popular character producers sent care dying father viewers satisfied ending smith returned conclude storyline actress asked killed producers agreed final appearance march regular character die creation casting original characters conceived creator executive producer neighbours came casting initially wanted actress play role joined cast children television series instead previously small appearances established television series came neighbours audition guest role short caught attention casting director smith told author casting director neighbours looking outrageous image didn know smith revealed idea playing clothes development characterisation character introduced neighbours heart gold book neighbours wrote came rich family rarely mentioned screen making past somewhat mystery received good education worked office secretary told boss jump lake chose ask mother tina loan profession smith explained point completely counter black bright girl good background gets fed men job says right money hair bright clothing stood female characters television time portrayed strong smart independent woman warm friend author neighbours years street stated appealing mix cheek girl door woman charge life helped serial sweetheart smith told favourite aspects personality confidence streak smith commented wore clothes outgoing fact embodied nonsense approach life embarrassed profession meant immediate favourite viewers way treated serial teenagers adults younger viewers gave career run coffee shop grandfather gave won poker game commented ran business like pro position coffee shop meant customers helped parents children gained trust affection teenage characters notably took wing later legal guardian marriage des episode neighbours saw hired strip party night interrupted neighbour left belongings returned following morning collect des fiancée assumed spent night called wedding realising des needed help pay mortgage moved des instantly attracted tried hide feelings awkward author neighbours years wrote local men date shane peter brien caught eye soon began relationship neighbours season finale broke shane proposed des accepted day wedding car bank late church having stood times past des gave waiting left couple failed sort happened relationship ended romance shane engaged worried rushing marriage rebound eventually ended engagement following advice encouragement mother friend des tried june week announced accept proposal des shane definitely result getting married smith told cook don know actually needs man life certainly got men triangle developed try rational explanation impossible smith thought ideal shane great deal love hand loved des trusted good friends brien stated far shane concerned woman loved thought suited des commented despite engaged times stood des loved added love sight des cook later revealed des propose marry wedding episodes broadcast july cook moment moved feeling des eventually marry despite shane having des rival romance acted best man cook added wedding saw regular cast set small affair months wedding pregnant pregnancy lasted usual months smith explained producers stretched longer tie storylines des son arrived july baby born neighbours departure half years playing smith decided leave neighbours asked written felt bit challenge felt trapped persona smith believed role longer offered variety want stay bored comfortable neighbours popular characters producers chose kill instead father allen entered life told dying realising short time peace took moved away nurse allen viewers satisfied ending character especially meant des break situation accept smith agreed return days finish storyline time actress asked character killed smith told sydney morning herald wanted die didn want stuck television series rest life taken far run life experience possibly critically injured car crash way father funeral left coma screen representatives serial production company tried persuade smith sign new contract refused briefly regained consciousness love des regular character die storylines hired perform party street returns following morning collect watch emerges bedroom des fiancée arrives parents wedding des helps clean house shane asks watch train pool day tells wants agrees dinner decides number des help pay mortgage good friends des begins dating shane falls love des breaking shane proposes accepts day wedding car bank dressed suit late church des assumes changed mind leaves failing sort happened moves des girlfriend turns claims des father son bradley room number best friend moves grandfather harry gives lease local coffee shop gives career business despite initial struggle coffee shop soon begins making profit gets shane engaged starts doubts moving quickly des learns bradley father tries win shane jealous des friendship verbally attacks breaks gets des eventually marry des legal guardians learn comes violent home helps mike banned seeing grandmother soon discovers sending poison pen letters mike contracts recovers learns pregnant des marriage strained learns contact couple eventually talk des explains given financial advice offers help paint nursery knocked ladder mike pet suffers amnesia threatens sue des decides settle court stressed learns des angry keeping picnic goes labour delivers son briefly suffers depression following birth mother tina turns sit talk problems speaking terms shortly learns father dying des persuades things right allen decides nurse father takes stay months later offers drive allen funeral journey involved car crash leaves coma des stays holding hand briefly wakes tell loves suffers cardiac arrest dies reception author neighbours years stated popular colourful characters neighbours writer bbc neighbours website thought notable moment going labour riverside picnic mobile network operator orange branded des popular couples serial history writer thought marriages sydney morning herald called neighbours commented des troubled romance neighbours best storylines couple wedding gained lot attention discussed episode talk day aired times named death memorable neighbours moments commented like bed actress wig romance des ordinary early neighbours classic felt hard reporter included death list neighbours moments reporter wrote popular character serial peak called des added death watched millions viewers australia placed death number feature memorable neighbours moments called relationship des series classic added couple tie knot fatally hit car des neighbours viewing audience australia suitably devastated columnist said moment dies tear moment | Daphne Clarke | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
18272_CharleneRobinson | robinson mitchell fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played introduced new characters network increase ratings auditioned role shortly finishing high school exams attended audition dressed character casting director cast role initially contracted week later extended screen appearance episode broadcast april portrayed quick tempered outspoken difficult relationship mother like thought viewers liked character average australian teenager reinforcing image trained mechanic wore relationship central storylines popular couple viewers relationship helped boost ratings neighbours despite breaking times months couple stayed relationship eventually culminated wedding episode broadcast july time started singing released successful pop singles followed debut album following year decided leave neighbours concentrate music career filmed final scenes june final screen appearance july won portrayal including gold youngest person critical reaction character positive author said broke stereotypes came careers women 1980s creation casting dropped neighbours rival channel network picked series initially attracted low ratings began working hard series revamped added new cast members fairly successful career child actress having appeared television dramas including considering giving acting failing find work finishing school exams auditioned role attended audition dressed character won role hiring neighbours casting director commented couple things saw shy mouse hadn evolved stage camera loved knew initially signed play week extended weeks debut screen appearance episode broadcast april development backstory characterisation fictional backstory born harbour youngest child fred mitchell sister henry teenager drank alcohol fell pregnant boyfriend abortion book neighbours described life long series parents divorced remained living father felt incapable looking followed mother author observed left life moving suburb self described preferred known nickname known quick temper heart gold stuck considered book neighbours years wrote like sharp tongue monroe observed helped endure viewers keeping nature trained mechanic leaving school got character style consisted hair set reporter daily_mail said look helped launch public eye thought people liked portrayed average australian teenager experiencing difficult relationship mother continued bit rebel probably relate problems come shared similarities character thought far outspoken liked said thought joked trouble tried punch like probably flattened said sensitive unlikely die caught crying relationship scott robinson scenes played thought trying break house confronted resulted punching ended punching real producers soon created story arc characters saw enter romantic relationship scott relationship helped boost ratings neighbours publicist increasing popularity viewers rumoured screen romance scott commented people like scott couple probably normal relationship week observed scott struck chord fans identify scott problems months broke times break occurred mother thought date boys scott repeat final year school scott initially unsure win speaking grandmother helen mentioned husband gave friendship ring scott went bought enjoying lake couple argued spending time scott decided leave started scott found trapped fire accidentally started storing petrol removing cans causing petrol head burning scott rescued terrified flames explosion threw ground knocked unconscious commented scott loved saw danger forgot think went rescue added scott devastated saw injured hospital scott gave friendship ring declared live told gift stated proved loved going break agreed saying underlying love learning couple plans friends neighbours expressed shock couple showed ring told scott wanted live taken scott friend voiced opposition scott determined stop moving noted shock couple plans start major controversy splitting apart inhabitants street older neighbours viewers expressed concern young couple moving producers decided marry instead screen family approved plan scott learned father got married scott found solution problem asked marry said shocked excited idea getting married continued knows want live trouble getting parents approval suppose getting married logical thing getting initial shock gave couple blessing married agreed married young thought younger couples live believed scott rushing things scott married episode broadcast july million australian viewers episode phenomenon said scott romance building returning honeymoon scott moved henry struggled financially months wedding producers decided throw couple relationship interesting author happy soap couple considered kiss death scott cheat kissed helped study jane confessed threw scott refused talk bid reunite couple jane told steal scott away couple soon reunited following year brief affair driving instructor storylines evening july came home newborn baby shocked mother claiming son told story convincing believed grandmother soon revealed baby actually half brother sam explained helping care mother susan turned help susan affair father fred threw knew happy looking woman child claimed son soap box author noted situation helped expose soft heart sensitive year acted backing singer scott band scott mike entered demo tape song competition judges sought impressed vocal ability brian invited music studio record tracks soon realises interested singing wants complete instead scott apologised jealous talent departure ventured music time cover motion spent weeks australian music chart late flew england record lucky returning home continue neighbours press speculated soon decision acting singing shortly chose concentrate burgeoning music career decided leave neighbours half years filmed final scenes june exit storyline saw brisbane grandfather dan bought scott house scott initially unable wife said goodbye understanding join soon job transfer cast gathered street said goodbye brother mother friends got green mini drove november invited film cameo appearance 20th anniversary following year report emerged willing film appearance tour producers refused offer statement production company producers said effort accommodate including filming cameo world offer turned return neighbours interview published sun commented fun appear years saying added decided work drive mini working time scott son introduced neighbours contact daniel seen making phone calls screen said scott loving supportive parents daniel sister madison introduced august network told invited return neighbours 30th anniversary celebrations chose return agreed documentary special neighbours 30th stars reunite aired australia march reception accolades portrayal won popular actress awards nominated lost star following year youngest person nineteen awarded gold award popular personality australian television won popular personality victorian television popular actress awards earned nomination gold award popular personality australian television critical reception reception character positive bbc official neighbours website stated memorable moments wedding scott punching scott face meeting independent said won huge following australia britain week feature columnist said brought life loved memorable characters australian branded iconic beloved column neighbours stars daily_telegraph placed number commenting best known sharp permanently age said slightly goofy headed teenager oil book neighbours years street placed sixth classic characters chapter said mother represented old new career choice unusual razor sharp tongue fear men added younger female viewers admired boys loved nature book believed broke stereotypes especially came careers women 1980s wrote sight attractive female characters dressed blonde tied head positive images breaking stereotypes jobs suitable girls praised screen relationship scott branding positive images young people immense noted neighbours popular characters author dubbed soap teen queen said character inspiration girls country mother problems calling double act sky included feature memorable neighbours characters stated years remains iconic characters married jason scott robinson word girl door characters thanks efforts promote cause working mechanic crucial member successful set teens seen october scott included postage stamp issued celebrate years television experienced increase interest wedding aired visit nave couple viewers held weddings wedding dress donated art gallery gone display travelled daily_telegraph included list best couples called bit romeo juliet pairing | Charlene Robinson | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
20959_MarkBrennan(Neighbours) | neighbours fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played screen appearance august initially week guest contract increased months shortly announced contract extended months regular cast member february announced departure neighbours pursue modelling opportunities europe filmed final scenes end april departed screen june november announced reprised role mark brief return returning permanently february attempt life mark introduced lead detective case received conflicting information suspects interviews mark struggled identify culprit told writer enjoyed involved storyline responsibility prepare role chose research character job mark described handsome charming dedicated job police detective work ahead consequence mark struggled balance work personal lives stated shared similarities mark enjoyed getting character mark storylines revolved relationship initially wary getting involved kate boyfriend age gap mark focus work eventually forced choose kate paul case following end relationship kate mark night stand best friend jade mitchell faced problems work reporting fellow officer corruption led life threatened mark left witness protection special real time episode mark later returned eclipse tried win kate following death embarked relationship members family introduced character received critics viewers time casting august announced model television presenter joined cast neighbours detective originally given week guest contract increased months said mark decent appearing bit roles australian dramas contract increased months mark proved popular viewers december announced mark regular role told reporter enjoying working neighbours realise development characterisation shortly cast said mark nonsense type work life work thinking work told official website research police officers prepare role writers went research week described mark handsome charming investigator mark puts work ahead struggles hold relationship dedication job means time asked similarities mark said liked getting character mark struggles balancing career personal life told like mark grow job tempted wrong law future mark manages develop friendships male characters like scott major said friends references cop wary mark involved illegal street racing investigation expresses interest buying inside soap said like mark road letting wild said loved storyline given chance ride pushed investigation pushed hotel mark introduced lead detective case mark work cut began questioning suspects pointed finger received conflicting information suspicions committed crime revealed given false points found crime scene help attitude investigation case said thick investigation pretty exciting responsibility later explained great involved storyline share scenes dennis hospital bed revealed pushed paul said knew early storyline culprit mark know responsible thrown false later said week neighbours filming storyline stuck mind long interview scenes relationship kate november announced mark begin relationship mark interviewed kate investigating pushed paul meeting commented thinks pretty cute lot comes later bit spark opined kate mark good match mark asked kate dinner turned later changed mind rescued lawyers samantha welcomed storyline believing character ready previous relationship appeared kate mark date kate furious hold life despite kate telling saw mark threat commented mark nose joint tried control kate telling mark threatened attacked kate initially believed discovered truth work mark incident helped push romance gear kate went police station mark ended kissing colleagues called screen kiss awkward mark liked kate pretty easy going girl doesn let told week mark wary starting relationship commitment work hesitant age gap told holy soap kate character funny friends mentioned think life point kate having driving lessons working detective moved ranks quickly different age better left think added mark kate relationship easiest rides mark kate broke kate confessed lying police statement paul investigation told inside soap mark stop loving kate time think issue black white thought mark noticed taken interest kate like idea kate moving kyle explained mark thought kyle idiot saw kate forced mark come plan closer girlfriend said comes reason summon station kate sees right mark later asked lucas advice lucas help kate mark wanted said lot history lie kate told protect mark hurts kate prevents moving forward actress believed mark kate academic focused night stand police corruption april week columnist reported mark night stand kate best friend time mark involved police corruption storyline reported constable taking bribes told inside soap writer mark life turned upside blew whistle adding treated like wrong thing mark went charlie escape troubles police station met jade kissed jade perfect distraction reporter observed women mark sought comfort jade unlikely tension jade believed mark sided sister told kate second chance jade challenged mark game pool sparks different kind began fly explained situation mark bad day work fun night surprise enjoys jade company lucas goes home early mark jade end sharing kiss morning clear mark jade spent night mark regret mark terrified kate find jade agreed quiet feel guilty mark problems work continued victim harassment car tyres let despite talking superior officer happens mark felt like support people work place departure february announced leave neighbours contract negotiations led role written reporter said contract renewed expired reporter said wanted pursue acting opportunities wanted pursue modelling opportunities europe explained tough neighbours didn realise hours involved knock modelling jobs shot final scenes late april said mark exit storyline forced street explained things difficult mark forced tough decisions career feelings kate mark departure real time episode broadcast june mark forced witness protection threatened exposing corruption police force twist storyline mark later said killed believed mark return future saying plenty characters come dead want pop like asked role returns november announced returning neighbours month week stated fans scott character detective discover didn die witness protection led believe return potentially reunite girlfriend kate revealed mark return scenes filmed week australia brief time actress explained film weeks worth episodes week flew los_angeles told reporter feeling going asked eventually came surprise added staying longer time right mark returned episode focused eclipse kate left questioning seen said character torn mark returns moved mark throws asked kate mark reunion explained kate definitely chemistry parting fallen love things different kate new boyfriend tells loves hard thought dead let october confirmed returned filming studios location explained turn opportunity come neighbours building house bills pay contracted mid july mark returned february told inside soap liked mark laid highly said mark definitely wanted kate added honest love isn going easy extended contract neighbours relationship smith august confirmed producers planned romance storyline mark growing closer realised deeper connection friendship later agreed dinner called date mark struggled idea moving kate knew date admitted loud mark ignored causing confront storm hit relationship official date ended abruptly turned wearing old dress kate found charity shop reacted angrily shouted leave bar later realised harsh decided relationship saw kissing man commented thinks blown chances wondering wants cautious character getting involved believing different stages lives thought age gap difference maturity impact future mark undercover police witnessed kiss davies sitting discuss relationship mark explained undercover investigating kissed told mark treating right decided end relationship weeks later told mark loved feel way storylines local businessman pushed mark placed charge investigation goes crime scene hospital speak paul wife mark learns paul enemies attempt life prime suspect mark questions residents including paul son andrew gives andrew tries help investigation mark warns try job paul wakes coma implies diana pushed flees country weeks later mark asks kate dinner initially turning agrees date interrupted kate leaves mark later fight kate interested mark kate confronts mark making threats break kate learns lying mark kisses colleagues making realise worth risk mark tells kate needs solve paul case prove superiors decides want sacrifice relationship gives case admits mark involved illegal races mark goes undercover catch gang mark eventually catches illegal races asks lucas rebirth cars admits pushing paul kate confesses giving false mark breaks jealous appears moving mark briefly moves home role model son morgan baker kyle turns mark help corrupt policeman mark initially believe kyle seeing holland taking bribe mark arrests mark colleagues turn night stand kate struggles forgive mark targeted small acts revenge arresting holland things mark asked witness protection trial mark asks kate agrees misses deadline mark leaves shortly conversation police station learns mark killed forbidden telling ultimately convinces superintendent tell kate years later mark returns tells kate holland died able leave witness protection mark explains death faked holland hit learning kate asking believed wanted mark explains living working instructor mark kate spend time makes boyfriend mason jealous mark catches lucas kyle tries persuade kate future kiss mason learns mark girlfriend sydney tells kate resulting fight mark mark tells kate going propose girlfriend wanted things stood kate chooses mason mark leaves months later mason runs mark asks help injured mark accompanies group hospital runs kate mark decides stay offered job moves number mark struggling abusive partner hill mark invites later saves kidnapped stephen mark asks kate chance turns paul warns stay away mark girlfriend tries win mark reunites kate paul relationship kate moves mark returns try win mark rejects mark proposes kate birthday accepts shortly shot dies paul blames mark kate death responsible mark hiding bait breaks mark house holds hostage mark tackles escapes caught police mark learns time shooting questioned gave false mark lets stay kisses soon mark discovers threatening note kate questioned police taxi driver backs leaves paul asks mark steal police files hoping find lead kate case mark decides mark witnesses paul buying gun stop paul shooting confesses shooting kate revenge paul killing brother paul gives mark written confession saying killed mark hand police moves mark helps revealed secret daughter mark begin relationship paul accuses mark moving kate quickly mark asked closer murphy use interest investigate mark matt lead police raid business find smuggling diamonds gets away mark realise committed relationship break mark supports victim poison pen letter campaign erin breaks house knocks mark unconscious mark try help erin mark convinces hospital falls ill invites stay temporarily mark grows closer reilly helps threatened mark younger brother tyler travis burns gets job garage moves mark effort bring mark police force start constable assuring feelings declare official couple mark learns matt accepting bribes agrees tell matt takes long service leave gives statement operations matt dies involved hit run attacks turns matt wake uses matt information set police sting catch thief stealing cars police follow stolen car arrests relationship suffers paul executive assistant asks expose matt corruption prison causes son bailey breaks mark learns feelings paul mother tries reunite paul paul decides help mark win succeeds discovers paul helping mark dates ends relationship mark shows interest discovers dating tyler later learns ruse cover involvement bought garage eventually regain mark trust helping bring justice mark reunite mark tyler brother aaron comes stay later joined father russell strained relationship sons consider buying garage tyler later reveals russell abused younger mark aaron support tyler force russell leave mark discuss future admits ready children mark asks tyler buy number brothers fall tyler learns mark tried protect aaron arrest investigation high fire discussing future mark engaged mark deeply critical befriends lover claims run issue divides mark trust believes mark thinks wedding day police find stolen items mark arrests explains trying set paul helped deal situation tell mark protect furious lies promising secrets mark calls wedding later tries convince refuses wanting find direction life believing different mark befriends share kiss decide remain friends jealous fights mark sex begin relationship following explosion mark finds evidence paul responsible arrests released bail paul convinces innocence causing trouble mark relationship tyler later questioned mark removed case mark raises subject having children tells open idea having child future mark starts think paul innocent threatened dismissal continues investigate later discovers caused explosion orders appearances coincide character return february serial released series called run focus mark time witness protection trailer spin released day mark return neighbours producers announced viewers able choose outcome story control mark faces challenges danger encounters little bit romance ended yes answer took viewers different video series featured character mark girlfriend return stint remained screen shot red scarlet camera digital producer gave different look feel compared usual episodes reception reporter said contract extended female viewers went mad news praised casting saying brooding detective handsome actor bought welcome dose eye candy street television critic called mark new investigative cop plays said fantastic mark added handsome fine actor holy soap said mark memorable moment kiss kate police station colleagues march mark came second poll run magazine find reader favourite soap detective received vote april magazine letters editor said like buy calendar featuring mark love policeman walls inside soap towers writer buzz magazine bored repetitive nature storyline surrounding mark trying ask kate said honestly times later branded angry man police corruption storyline said slept jade work play makes dull boy week described mark departure episode edge seat reporter said goodbye enjoyed having good looks good things come end included mark list hottest soap guys stated street resident neighbours kind police investigator rode unfortunately scott fled friends handsome face world model following mark return soap commented waiting weeks finally street need kate fall arms forever hang minute definitely going happen went kate suited mark mason picking kind hot | Mark Brennan (Neighbours) | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
21330_DeclanNapier | fictional character soap opera neighbours played january announced quit role decision recast taken making screen appearance october announced character leave neighbours final appearance march character originally portrayed teenage later settled involved series controversial storylines including teenage pregnancy caused upset conservative family groups wife death relationship fellow character kate initially received unbelievable australian viewers whilst played good looks physical appearance subsequently branded popular characters character creation casting neighbours suffered significant decline ratings plans series basics approach storylines controversial return focus relationships family dynamics point character created actress play screen mother characters create family unit existing character cast character appeared year played character nearly years decided quit series pursue career outside acting instead character departing series confirmed decision recast role cast role began filming immediately departure production statement press office stated character extremely popular sensational storylines planned decided character recast expressed delight character continue series saying happy character going continue producers writers given fantastic storylines proud popular time noted occurred repeatedly history programme creator neighbours previously explained thought saying believed pity actors chose leave serial character lot time money invested character decided recast character important future storyline explanation backed recast explained hand process simple adding day day erin pretty simple works continue erin comes picks think easier viewers accept simple change recast upset fans character portrayal response said erin come play version play exactly producers expect way supporters erin terrific surprised felt strange played saying course strange playing started basically created life studio street restaurants hand difficult felt humble viewers thought character played actor adding lot people think understand fans feel way starred past years knows later stated know auditioning recast stated wasn sure successful role start watched hours footage previous episodes idea portray making statement fans reading sure initially people confronted new face character hopefully people come accept compared versions saying writers said meeting day james best described james playing strong liked things new grown mature thinks head knows wants doesn use force vision portrayed year old october announced leave neighbours members cast decision leave said absolute ball playing guy needs rest new friends daughters miss wonderful watch grow develop lives character development characterisation personality evolved given storylines teenage time face harsh realities life thrown subsequently channel publicity describe depth identity changes stated dark learnt relationship branded disillusioned result product struggling single parent family learnt mask dark persona confidence abilities branded gets close girls dark pushed away official website states portrayed character early stages modern day commit petty crimes gain finances help mother run household soon relationship helped mature character stated knew bad boy heart decided later seen facing life single parent changed accepted responsibilities teenage pregnancy high profile storyline character got girlfriend pregnant storyline progressed saw couple decide child caused controversy outcry conservative family groups australia accused programme characters teenage pregnancy speaking behalf groups director said teenage pregnancy considered norm programmes like neighbours lead teenage pregnancy normal acceptable lot kids aren ready head details explicit sexuality neighbours executive producer quick defend character storyline stating sure lot people happy storyline decided teenagers lives added storyline shallow vulgar adding wouldn liked film storyline branded showing emotional spectrum pregnancy justice critics slammed noting neighbours rated storyline lead teenage young viewers storyline continued regardless controversy father shortly died car accident left single parent relationship kate character later center disapproval viewers felt moving fast death developed feelings kate backed storyline wanting character stating difficult situation truly love lucky ones found soul mate early life time live life adding lot people think soon relationship assure added explanation feels adding feels cheated hasn long able showing proper respect love life left confused upset scenes storyline began air comment storyline viewers adding think okay think accepting slowly characters don rush portrayed having trouble battling feelings kate tried hard forget explained glad months track wasn forgotten sad situation like kate feels way heart won let couple began dating attracted bigger mixed response viewers felt soon spoke defending character stating storyline carried progressing viewers saw characters grow closer started relationship despite mixed response received fans august kate relationship ended kate chose break began pushing away starts new job later lies family said pushing kate away going life holding massive pieces information feels share kate kate sees lying mother believes boy fell know trust said prepared moment kate breaks confused goes night meets kate rival makes clear attracted later share kiss kate sees said gets talking wants comfort makes split second decision kiss doesn think consequences know kate saw added hoped work couple storylines backstory raised single mother moved lot running away abusive partner father richard knew richard fact referred monster struggles pay bills turned crime raise money meets tries help revealed oliver barnes mother eventually gets meet brother starts dating meets richard discovers raped tries richard fishing trip revealed richard kidney failure offers richard kept alive punished refuses permission oliver instead richard health grows worse dies attend funeral begins spend time banned seeing pursued police meet argue leaves hit car body suspect hides kidnapped want money paul eventually found paul oliver believes handle disability starts dating illegal dance party trapped roof falls manages carry coming tells problem disability start relationship discovers pregnant tells runs away arrested kisses football later returns commits baby tries rescue black cat receives electric shock makes think life proposes accepts months later marry friends gives birth daughter india shortly dies injuries sustained car crash initially blames fixing parker family car properly discovers car thinking belonged lucas scott major develops feelings accompanies week kisses leaves feeling guilty tells okay asks kate date eventually begin dating tells declare feelings kate kate know feels calls kate girlfriend step brother andrew andrew steals ideas neighbour day fight moves kate days later returns home kate later decides ready sleep time discovers paul having financial difficulties tells paul gets dispute builder site follows paul angry injured site paul decides frame footage finds asks help tells paul money tells diana comes tells mistake protect diana believe finds evidence paul paul asks place manager months diana team bring paul kate ends relationship later kisses kate witnesses paul discovers diana plan threatens paul later pushed questioned detective accident kate sleep kate tells mistake encourages divorce paul tells paul knows tells need leave kate finds packing tells pushed paul covering mother devastated best friend dies kate tells happy starts dating mark lies mark threatened punched kate discovers lied tells stay away realises happy paul confronts step father paul tells tell mark pushed tries leave discovers having affair warns careful leaves paul gets india hotel paul manager verbally attacks job moves kate calls oliver arrives help escape paul tells india leaving oliver later makes decision leave reception character popular terms appearance nick_levine media reporting website digital_spy claimed section aimed specifically gay readers played time main reasons tune neighbours commenting character appearance favoured character different occasions branding nice look commented said reason popular viewers acting abilities good looks spoke character neighbours popular characters website praised character heroism scenes rescued wheelchair bound dance party roof collapse said character memorable scenes entertainment website included february feature soap characters behavior finding pregnant said don got girlfriend pregnant deal | Declan Napier | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
22165_NinaTucker | fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played screen appearance episode broadcast june approached producers saw video debut single signed record deal turned role felt character suit style music role rewritten joined cast year later diagnosed leave treatment health improved return neighbours tie storylines neighbours celebrated 20th anniversary episode featured cast members reprised role returned march 30th anniversary originally written bad girl character writers rewrote role shy school student described girl door learned independent early age travelling parents world complicated relationship mother sees embarrassment personality underwent change longer shy grown assured manager suggested aspiring singer neighbours developed character suit worked writers incorporate music longest running storylines relationship began relationship seeing people break twice realises loves jack returns india tell believed jack received won popular new female talent role casting neighbours approached appearing saw video debut single don care offered role early turned happy character written signed record deal felt suit music neighbours producers agreed rewrite role july diagnosed forced leave begin treatment written neighbours script producer said concentrate health getting absolutely question attempting working departed october exit storyline allowed return future months worth scripts rewritten new character created introduced cover planned storyline connor march announced returning neighbours finish contract return spokesperson said thought illness stunned vastly improved health thrills wait days set started told week important tie storylines added felt lot unfinished business busy schedule producers sure scenes shot days returned screens australia september cast members returned neighbours episode celebrated 20th anniversary said couldn going neighbours development characterisation initially meant bad girl writers rewrote character shy gets job age described girl door described character quiet type girl think amazing gift asked similar replied think ways ways shy like character think probably walk room probably chat day think probably difference sneak room stay bbc agreed said flee looked way mother arrived father nick ended relationship upset learn parents split went denial believed professional singer set place started lose confidence helped saved night stated relationship complicated issues saw embarrassment helped saw sad mother explained early life saying life gypsy living parents toured learned independent early age retreated books imagination instead travelling chance explore respective character relationship diagnosed weeks storyline scripts changed directly involved mentioned characters returned longer shy vulnerable taken control life assured welcomed character development said came strong confident said think grow didn come little bit older wouldn learnt grown gone year missing singing career manager suggested making aspiring singer said didn want soap star turned singer vibe cool singer neighbours developed character suit way worked writers incorporate music exposure neighbours gave singing career powerful voice wrote songs shy sing public discovered singing talent day connor entered songs born try talent contest won shy receive prize tried credit song instead connor stopped overcame sing song weeks performed born try number single australia relationship relationship fellow student trip away beach realised attracted cast play alongside jack realised liked begin affair age said love erupted broke jack jack break girlfriend accident jack torn leave found jack decided remain single eventually jack began relationship properly told jack ready relationship jack cheated told jack cheating broke later kissed connor jack jealous commented jack gets angry especially connor supposed mate threatens tell connor getting pregnant way getting confused love life unsure feelings jack decided depart india returned win jack actress indian film industry realising told week wonderful things bollywood dad missing love life australia came arrival coincided jack decision life following car crash jack shocked overwhelmed explained reminded feelings said believed jack soul mates added rocky relationship think jack talked things fall arms jack chose leave return november announced agreed reprise role neighbours 30th anniversary celebrations began filming day tweeted excitement making guest appearance return featured episodes starting march series producer confirmed theme music tie character return later confirmed returns relationship jack ends said understood character going saying experienced feelings going moments question going look know forward singer actress said return neighbours felt natural instantly knew wearing moment went wardrobe week reported check fake order stay return soon spotted agree return secret allows favourite time told walking feeling nostalgic seeing life simple went fills hotel makes feel normal asks perform festival closing concert turns persuades change mind believing concert feel better life break jack storylines high school work suffers travelling world parents shy concealed result neglect parents takes jobs residents street begin notice shy low self esteem night hears singing realises good manages convince join church choir asked perform solo nerves able performance connor singing day close teenager knows talent forces admit love connor threatens tell girlfriend records song called born try heard connor secretly enters song talent contest angry connor tells realise potential song wins contest shy come forward takes credit instead connor takes station admits wrote sang song fears sing born try crowd prize sing nightclub approached turns offer asks sends text messages begin relationship pushed auditioning roles new play perform kiss stage went begin closer start affair breaks jack break accident jack eventually tells tries tells tells jack sticks bullied friends jack jack tries things tells virgin jack tells willing wait talent manager approaches asks sign mother signature forms gets regular singing gig pub leaves tour asia gets hears singer singing songs radio told signed rights music away points contract valid forged signature sleeps jack time tells jack cheated relationship ends starts getting closer connor jack jealous kisses connor ball mother arrives town gives singing job pub upset learn nick longer tells married father leaves bombay later marry returns year later actress bollywood goes jack tells wants visits gives money left bankrupt scully tells jack needs stay australia sort performs concert place tells jack wait months later jack flies los_angeles returns checks false catches susan goes walk town time later offers hotel seeing short staffed tries avoid wants play festival admits susan jack split affected song writing uses write song refuses paul offer play festival changes mind encourages chance sore throat jack later texts asking meet florence flies join reception portrayal received popular new female talent awards earned nomination following year nominated popular actress popular personality writer bbc neighbours website said notable moment cheating celebrate neighbours 25th anniversary sky included list memorable neighbours characters stated represents lost years neighbours early successful groups teens programme history remember lord help absence usable characters writers uncomfortable thing letting character sing screen repeatedly described memorable scenes discovered singing mother marriage relationship jack week named passion singing neighbours exciting storylines said discovered sing transformed shy student star performer bit heart breaker cut short delta diagnosed disease leaving wondering love affair triangle week later included neighbours characters | Nina Tucker | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
24170_SusanKennedy | smith fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played character family created attempt bring roots susan screen appearance episode broadcast october eldest son daughter susan teacher high immediate links characters introduction susan personality appearance changes storylines seen begin relationship priest married divorced widowed susan grandmother central plots revolving health issues amnesia multiple central bullying plot october susan longest running female character history having neighbours years garnered award nominations portrayal susan character received viewers television critics creation casting neighbours decided introduce new solid family called family consisted members mother father sons daughter moved felt needed roots houses street populated distant relatives cast role cast teenagers billy respectively cast role susan family actress revealed intended play susan months fell love stayed revealed considered role susan asked remembered day filming recalled yes remember perfectly stuff car moving knew didn know kids knew immediately type family going susan given teaching job local high school local giving family immediate links characters portrayed teenage susan october longest serving actress history having appeared screen susan years television milestone said bizarre wonderful coming years world neighbours feels familiar challenged rewarded work development characterisation arrival susan described open minded husband told soap susan good means children number priority husband style led holy soap writer describing susan mother street network susan heart soul good sense humour skills susan rough ride cope infidelity divorce second husband dying hours wedding betrayed nephew revealing killed mother week said susan provided home people trouble including number kids kids dead husband enigmatic appealing characters susan appearance changed seen having long hair cut wanted fresh start following split revealed chance susan growing long hair said grow long love ease having short hair long wash dry hair morning home going work added extra half hour day added neighbours bosses time believed women long hair april susan debuted stylish new representing single status said gets bored playing susan changes time added job week absolute comedy high drama tragedy maybe nice subtle interesting stuff character keeps changing evolving depending interacting said favourite storyline susan love triangle susan normally good person gave chance character hate added good play darker cruel moments kind character good armour think end change occurred susan personality storyline viewers saw susan mother law hell said challenging trying change character susan clashes son law susan seen controlling said story progressed apparent going extremes attractive qualities characters talked decided husband susan mother law hell added susan acting love daughter desire child july told writer channel found role susan challenging explained likes susan takes things happen stride said susan naive things gone asked future holds character stated know kind susan like kennedy house noisy kids naughty creating havoc like loud hope bit happening marriage susan childhood married graduated university cheated susan twice couple broken divorced later reunited remarried named susan love triangle favourite storylines believes susan strong connection based good grounding susan best friends enjoy company share deep connection joy ways described having solid foundation marriage said want susan relationship break holy soap called susan contenders couple street following passionate arguments couple enjoy making healthy attraction says find scenes funny said susan phase slightly tougher times tougher storylines think audience enjoy fun aspect susan caught nude occasions beach spa went bush asked makes susan popular viewers said think flawed things mistakes coming place meaning wanting try right thing helpful terribly wrong think relate revealed susan marriage run trouble susan emotionally involved man susan strikes friendship local builder fights cancer causing problems asked channel reaction storyline said think great story susan 50s married raised bunch kids careers jobs use popular term looking thinks great terrific time travel don know person know person kids busy things challenge think going find half couple opposed hub wheel actress revealed worried susan breaking having work new people believe new development characters good told digital spy thought new storyline great said relationship going long turbulent patches said susan develops strong attachment jim desire help needed asked worried old ground storyline said new conflict arises susan relationship appropriate time lives susan meets jim hospital remembers work scully house talking jim reveals removed bit hospital process susan helps jim condition grows worse diagnosed terminal cancer susan learns family said wants look actress said susan crosses boundaries starts neglect certain areas life like marriage tells selfish situation jim explained reaction susan friendship jim changes starts thinking selfish notices wife involved jim responsibilities gets angry thinking susan eldest son returns help parents work issues thought initially susan helping ill looks closely understands father upset susan behavior susan upset misses jim moments blames begin rowing worse susan grief revealed susan separate following break holiday decision leaves devastated takes anger mother admits decision end marriage said plot tremendous story highlighted problems susan marriage actress said storyline challenging play emotional susan future said huge year adjustment susan single moves apartment find way discovers things surprise people relationships following affair sarah susan goes dinner boyfriend member university band told knows martin taking susan dinner think capable misconduct actress explained susan attracted martin wouldn aware marriage solid wasn feeling stated susan tempted ultimately decides wants save marriage despite affair loves need work problems good friends tucker previously worked susan involved priest susan tom caused scandal began relationship television critic said went watershed year controversy susan sex tom told week hot affair tom left susan confessed love relationship soon ended commented apparent meant reach period life feeling low lonely aren feeling good realise future tom returned principal high told susan stopped loving wanted susan early bobby turns beginning relationships scully age said bobby provided outlet susan desires women later revenge bobby year saw susan meet children alex susan soon begin relationship alex diagnosed terminal cancer susan marry dies shortly susan takes custody children susan joined news journalist began working susan paul enemies respect interest paul past trust paul susan uses new job wind susan works closely paul reputation ladies gives opportunity bring susan said wishes storyline dennis found fun added lot conflict comedy kind ran natural course weeks works potential stories following split susan meets teacher gym class bernard asks drink susan turns said susan realises needs start living changes mind susan bernard date gig new band spokesperson explained susan agreed gig moral support doesn think twice taking bernard nervous gig having susan date makes worse amnesia susan developed amnesia storyline saw susan slip milk sustain minor head injury goes sleep wakes lost decades life told susan believes year night sixteenth birthday drank champagne recognise house thinks passed ended susan family hospital diagnosed amnesia determined tell truth condition nephew insists treat kid gloves revealed susan keeps asking going allowed home parents eventually breaks news parents long dead actually believes husband susan turns daughter believes sister comfort confirms told susan leaves hospital susan spots students clothes follows themed party high students recognise susan principal susan ends bathroom sees mirror time accident shocked middle aged woman staring struggles condition doctors suggest going familiar surroundings trigger return memories susan brought happens stated susan hates hair clothes wants change takes salon manages persuade hair styled cut short salon susan remembers high school sweetheart decides find told far concerned boyfriend love looks phone book sets find added danger storyline cross line silly crew tried portray fear person feel suddenly unfamiliar susan falls love memories return renewal service interview told reporter writers initially joked storyline found truth explained actually based story woman lived england thing happened fell supermarket leaving supermarket getting home lost years don think recovered husband grown children idea imagine terror fear surrounded people tell family feel multiple susan diagnosed multiple years prior australia pitched storyline neighbours team asking character diagnosed impact community society contacted producer discussed possible storyline young character twenties promising career family ahead society received phone writers revealed chosen write story selected character going diagnosed society initially disappointed susan older typical person diagnosed condition pleased permanent character extra chosen australia attended meeting neighbours writers help develop realistic true portrayal diagnosis symptoms treatments screen susan seen displaying unusual symptoms including black outs loss sight sensation hands seen undergoing scan diagnosed multiple initially susan developing condition started researching realised challenge storyline changed mind actress shows writers worked closely storyline realistic possible praised society viewers condition said soap opera storylines characters diagnosed helped highlight condition effects added storyline sparked interest stated massive story character strong challenge physically emotionally terrific know writing department enormous research explained susan strong person mentally goes emotional struggle body lets commented found scenes play attached character told writer inside soap difficult storyline ultimately rewarding screen susan learnt symptoms control said occasionally condition away commented storyline enjoyed saying challenging tell good story authentic real people condition april susan starts struggle following split promotion editor news week said susan lot prove paul breathing neck new role puts health jeopardy begins displaying signs explained working hours day try paper different form running ground unable stop hand vision blurred indications worst nightmare reported susan refuses turn helped episode instead relies help revealed asks susan slow ignores actress said looking situation perspective husband feelings doctor susan finds unable understands wants independence spokesperson told hill knew going hard living person wants turn doesn want admit needs end susan seen offering daughter following fight hospital board susan pregnant causes friction son law following fall susan loses baby called scenes difficult film said storyline wrong hands pleased way scenes handled added notion mother daughter pretend controversial writers embraced showed susan decision divided community potential divide family neighbours timeslot presented difficulties storyline writers forced tone plot comply guidelines said time day day time obviously controversial time slot restricted censorship storyline received mixed reactions viewers said people believe susan good mother awesome prepared dan viewers said susan got involved storyline ridiculous susan old neighbours executive producer spoke storyline said letters people england heard papers australia saying disagree think shocking bullying following failed susan decides media course june begins receiving threats text messages telling stay away university later followed unseen person car susan later spots car outside house frightened bully brings susan personal issues threats feel vulnerable places susan previously felt safe feel unsafe said feel vulnerable neighbourhood awful think equally frightened susan suffers multiple stress big impact health said susan usually strong person mentally feels control situation victim susan tries stand bully refuses stay away university arrives lesson receives threatening message locks toilets eventually susan learns tutor threats susan trusted john shocked find bully susan discovery said unexpected somebody believed great integrity thought john described seriously individual kidnaps susan confronts holds captive angry confesses susan threats tells susan teacher high gave bad report failed teaching course susan let away crime arrested standing susan loses anxiety storylines susan husband suspected causing death patient decides family fresh start susan hopes teaching susan gets involved drama society works wants child susan opposed idea later decides wants return teaching given job high susan trip south_africa confesses helped mother die susan invites billy best friend son leaves susan offered position principal school accepts knowing leave family months susan offered job principal high susan away kisses susan learns truth kiss months later billy confronts admits kiss susan throws takes months susan work trying save marriage attending susan new neighbours involved accident leaves small chance carrying baby term susan break news later falls pregnant gives birth susan ben susan loses job principal student reports assault case later dropped susan nephew partner surgery plots sell business clinic chain tells susan susan furious nephew susan sister liz leaves daughter brief time later joins mother sweden susan slips milk wakes amnesia loses thirty years memory believes sixteen year susan goes months try regain memory time tells like goes missing tries find old boyfriend susan begins having flashbacks starts regain memory husband dies susan finds hard comfort daughter susan grows closer asks renew vows ceremony susan memory returns tells susan longer loves drinking puts marriage strain separate begins relationship susan begins dating falls brother law catholic priest unhappy relationship eventually ends susan divorce remain friends susan begins relationship children rachel high alex diagnosed asks susan marry accepts alex condition decide marry right away marriage witnessed rachel alex older daughter alex passes away shortly susan begins fall declares love secret rachel find truth believe susan love father later susan susan holiday london proposes time susan immediately accepts boat thames ceremony interrupted goes labour delivers daughter holly susan discovers holly father tells home period ill health susan hits car passing susan unaware struck leaves scene realises responsible susan confesses causes bitter feud susan trial remembers falling path car collision soon following series incorrect susan diagnosed multiple susan shocked scared try help susan collapses wedding rehearsal goes multiple retreat professional help susan takes sick leave school journalist news told children dan decide try susan offers despite objections finds writes newspaper article knowing identity family involved finds susan makes public family face abuse hospital board decide end programme dan protest decision susan tries senior board member board change minds susan pregnant dan finds hard relate susan begins question lives books holiday away talk dan susan argue baby brought dan says regrets agreeing dan goes walk susan follows continue argue dan walks away susan tries running trips falls calls dan hear walks find susan rush hospital susan susan attends memorial dan baby dan speech leaves park susan collapses reveals feel legs susan recovers susan golf susan media course begins receiving threats tell leave university susan deeply upset threats family worry stress lead susan discovers tutor threats susan asks john threatened tells gave bad mark student teacher susan supports learns sex dan carrying child susan angry discovers helped cover lie paul pushed hotel susan begins investigating responsible makes prime suspect susan receives text messages anonymous person telling diana pushed paul confesses susan pushed paul kate gave false susan persuades kate police susan devastated dies feels guilty taking care mother leaves town susan invites lucas stay tells susan thinks heading different directions worries plan holiday susan meets hospital asks talk patient advocacy program news article jim reveals cancer susan supports treatments comes visit parents susan worried jim answer calls confesses asked jim distance susan accuses jealous invites jim lunch notices map peru jim works susan delaying holiday collapses susan begs save susan jim realises going die tries hospital visit childhood home promised stops step outside talk jim dies susan devastated blames keeping jim leaves arrange jim funeral return susan announce separating initially blames susan split confesses idea tells susan friends looks live susan starts book group kate susan suspects having affair jade mitchell disappointed learn susan stuck storage shed past share kiss goodbye susan goes stay susan notices learn dying care sleep goes bury garden susan stops says wants buried visit argue aside differences body placed collected hard rubbish collector rescues susan bury nursery susan soon finds apartment susan accompanies funeral old friend share drink paul asks susan write negative article community centre plans refuses later discovers paul party inviting continue police station merger susan tells paul publish write paul susan keeping quiet threatening fire summer summer finds paul susan reveals truth council members press paul stands editor gives job susan susan fires employee discovers paul takes extra work expresses concern health susan fine suffers treated susan attends class befriends teacher bernard asks susan drink declines changes mind asks bernard dinner instead susan invites bernard band play charlie end night bernard susan suddenly kissing susan tries avoid bernard tells susan interested dating susan befriends mother robinson angrily tells susan stay away later susan goes montreal course returns home early discover paul planning job editor susan hires deputy editor workload begins attending pole dancing class community centre susan concerned bradley summer start dating especially use newspaper office late night hook susan checks bradley references discovers lied learns fired job dating boss daughter susan briefly falls summer tries warn bradley susan sister comes visit develops feelings makes sexual advances rejects susan angry eventually susan shocked learns paul sold news consulting things worse susan learns overseeing sale paper sarah susan happened past susan struggles deal presence tells loves susan rejects later hands divorce papers confronts sarah admits susan sarah sex years ago tells knew heart signs divorce papers susan realises want divorced find lodge papers susan tracks forgive past mistakes kissing street susan moves number suspended job principal susan offered job initially decides tell offer causes briefly fall susan helps job withdrawing false accusations harassment following death susan offered job principal accepts daughter holly comes stay goes cruise new partner holly initially rude susan refuses running rings later realise holly issues abandonment asks holly stay susan susan senses holly misses mother takes england susan suspects eating disorder raises issue mother dismisses suspicions susan radio station students money school susan doubts employing persuades cousin chance susan allow stay susan tries help better susan suffers hides preoccupied local mayoral election susan kate instead election heats paul discovers susan reveals including campaign announcement leaving upset soon susan recovers support election paul ultimately beats mayor discovers pregnant susan supports decides family baby father returns visit reveals getting married wedding susan decides marriage following kate death susan suggestion celebration kate life paul memorial held high school instead susan paul breaks susan performs renewal matt susan brings holly visit surprise ben return susan falls ill asks acting principal later realises susan trying trick staying susan reads erotic novel written obvious knowledge street discovers penned book alex nephew moves susan susan gets open time army tornado hits susan waits store roof collapses trapped beam piece food guided phone susan performs emergency makes recovery susan event helps counsel post traumatic stress visits parents informs catherine pregnant asks susan relocate england help catherine baby susan time decide stay susan affected stories depressed seeks professional hospital tries find qualified notices progress suffered follows bush acts strangely falls hole digging therapy nearly alive sees time rescues susan falls accidentally drinks chemical catalyst questions commitment teaching susan named judges festival decide enter competition instead compete fall floor declared winner learns susan secret bank account contains mad money spend big buys air bar susan asked act marriage soon learns fiancé kissed susan refuses perform ceremony makes complaint believes susan told kiss later drops complaint susan ben comes stay goes overseas work susan supports separate affair briefly fall asks susan pick paul informs susan high grounds sold later learns kept principal retirement team save school organising sleep protest council plans fire breaks trapping susan heavily pregnant goes labour eventually rescued fire fighters seeing upset susan school ben confesses starting fire susan later learns school saved reception accolades earned award nominations role susan nominated best female performance soap rose awards inside soap awards nominated best couple susan wedding following year nominated best couple best storyline susan diagnosis saw nominated nominated alongside valentine best family digital spy soap awards ceremony nominated popular actress nominated storyline london nominated storyline nominated best soap awards year saw nominated actress garnered nominations category won award nominated tonight award performer seven times won critical response feature fictional television teachers susan praised teaching website connect american television glee said teachers television manage portray convincing representations highs lows job added neighbours manages mother figure coming hard necessary times named susan amnesia storyline memorable neighbours moments said slipped milk head thought failure understand living family lasted nearly year television channel holy soap website named storyline susan memorable moment calling classic viewing praised performance storyline said susan real life alter ego got excellent acting susan vision went later portrayed real fear panic week named susan said strong spirited susan kids putting cheating modern seen comes smiling susan voted popular survey carried yahoo susan placed seventh similar survey carried find britain favourite television mother said viewers identified love family april sky included susan feature memorable neighbours characters stated strong susan medically robust woman amnesia multiple frequent questionable gets thanks family devoted fact billy sort flew nest went inherited rachel second husband alex despite big heart counted fierce tries upset street balance frequent fights middle street cemented reputation favourite soap british newspaper sun named susan included feature female soap stars written song dedicated screen wife titled got crush writing lgbt website said good thing come susan finally hair cut attempt life inside soap said susan neighbours version coronation street added bound end susan split daily_mail stephen wrote gorgeous susan meant time break like torn limb limb | Susan Kennedy | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
27331_DonnaFreedman | fictional character australian soap opera neighbours played believing performed badly audition went holiday canada learned won return australia begin filming screen appearance episode broadcast june initially introduced guest character promoted regular cast shortly debut april revealed told producers like leave contract expired end year months later announced quit neighbours departed january originally portrayed obsessive fan musician desire friends acceptance teens street changes ways matures warm girl described fiery beautiful confident character storylines seen develop relationship kissing deal arrival family searching biological father having affair character popular viewers earned award nominations portrayal including nominations casting auditioned role actress believed performed badly audition decided leave week holiday canada canada days received phone telling successful return australia began appearing screen june year originally supposed guest character role promoted regular cast member shortly debut april revealed producers battling told like leave contract expired end year producers began negotiating renew contract spokesperson said isn going long producers love character plenty store coming months particularly terms romance character development characterisation personality evolved developed time arrives obsessed manages force way street teen group turn buried love music scene focus love acceptance driven fierce need approval acceptance makes try hard revealed shares characteristics said fiery outgoing bit like loud things shouldn don stalk people kind similar week described beautiful free spirit little loud metro called teens warm eventually help changes ways accepted official neighbours website states warm charming playful girl integration street lives residents matured leads normal life wanted said character gets play funny crazy storylines playing november year revealed let rails rehab said like dramatic storyline rating makes difficult said enjoys playing great bit crazy added glad play average boring teenage girl average boring teenage girl day week fun able things normally wouldn family initially lives cared father tries cover hit run accident committed tells leave face jail hurt leaves eventually confesses black matt left moves later guardian end younger brother sister simon jones introduced jones won month contracts competition magazine announced siblings worst nightmare described said looking forward arrival siblings developing character introductions added storylines real character things relate understand coming following introduction siblings mother introduced february australian actress singer given role described character manipulative selfish mother seen occasions hurt daughter lot past young girl maturity deal baby said resented saw threat years hurt daughter immune way mother added maternal person able connect children moves street bid win wealthy resident later driven town makes relationship worse leaves town tells matt man raised biological father tells real father man named nick announced father cast introduced following year given role introduction brian nick executive producer said family provided fantastic drama far lots store brian great great storylines coming discovers men father contacts replies begins believe father professor later turns confused situation nicholas released jail keen right hurts tells like mother run away said takes horrible approach nicholas arrival makes afraid find results dna test asked nick situation said hopeless romantic wants happily family dna test eventually proves nick real father began filming told bisexual said blocks talking time asks guy girl liked way writers conveyed subtle didn big coming scene think good message send big deal lots people drama surrounding storyline included aspect character kiss fellow female character kiss occurs discovers sunny writing romantic love letters given boyfriend sunny shocked kisses lips kiss producers called kiss sunny agreed saying big deal actual gay storyline kind storyline came weeks rival soap home away endured backlash sex romance storyline received attention spokesman saying concerned sex relationships psychologist praised storyline saying allows families discuss topic defended kiss shot home away controversy saying lovely tale friendship innocent added going lesbian story neighbours lesbian stories properly teenage romance story sexual june asked plans explore replied said getting enormous leverage person storyline romance saying question planning stages relationship brown shortly character arrival screen said love coming gets long term relationship falls kisses kissing booth established teen group later begin relationship wants things tells wants slow things believes rejected hears relationship sees confronts tries convince heart belongs couple relationship goes problems moment time home leaves retrieve cat house set forced rescue drag outside returns believes cheated friend breaks goes seek leads love triangle end relationship goes rocky patch week sleeps andrew later turns shock said begins freak expect andrew tell happened added definitely going rocky patch things starting look comes clean find way work doesn look good said love strong sure strong survive betrayal clark said couple heading different directions career wise challenging later begins affair andrew helps puts pressure attraction said andrew interest puts career wants hear andrew compatibility said andrew fashion scene dressed businessman perfect world trying admitted perfect guy balance leaves sydney finding cheated returns relationship commented couple future said think moment balance right network moment later prove loves proposes june revealed episode celebrations wedding reported producers hoped wedding recreate magic wedding said big shoes fill honoured working biggest storyline arrived clark said decision going life going solid wedding day car breaks forced ride lucas truck walks aisle version suddenly original song played scott wedding clark added perfect day promise live happily 36th couple married month later knocked motorcycle dies devastated stays room comes visit gets reaction said state confusion insists thing accident doesn know feel departure september confirmed rumours leave neighbours years reason leave said want america goal work hollywood stage life absolutely holding filmed final scenes october character left screen early later revealed character exit positive departs fashion design school new_york said applied course like thing said determined success chance live expectations added wanted rehab dramatic death got boring old happy ending instead storylines comes charlie musician main focus life introduces try leave decides help friends helps clear area bush fire breaks suspected starting strange behaviour school talks decides transfer high eventually friends starts dating father matt seeing steals car accidentally hits dog initially unaware hit ask lucas fix car realises hit tells matt happened tries frame lucas save caught goes run takes legal guardian stops taking birth control pills believes pregnant convinces pregnancy tests negative discovers pregnant younger siblings simon arrive mother follows long break closer rachel brother share kiss decides leave sort head return gets clashes mother leaves town tells matt biological father creates online bid find father turns claiming half brother dna test confirms related james later transfers money online bank account leaves devastating meets fashion designer offered company school friends decides quit presses charges befriends following rachel departure death week meets sex andrew turns eventually continue affair accidentally recorded george finds shows charlie devastated leaves sydney begins university second lecture turns guest speaker turns classmates stands going mother diary discovers men biological father contacts gets job restaurant like eventually tells daughter dna test confirms related tries nice new girlfriend struggles breaks discovers following university project steals medical file hospital arrested find file house released crushed goes building site pick earlier day paul platform feud site owner helps breathe rushed hospital undergoes surgery repair reunite proposes turns proposing wins green card united_states decide bring wedding forward meets mother later discovers nick wedding venue changed car breaks lucas drive nick new venue stopped police eventually makes ceremony marry following honeymoon moves kennedy family month anniversary knocked dies devastated struggles accept gone initially blames kate death pushed way upset misses funeral angry paul tries use upset trial later tells court jail bring receives letter new_york design school tells applied place behalf initially deciding stay friends manage convince leave staging fashion showcasing designs says street leaves new_york nick media neighbours australian series establish twitter accounts characters characters account set began sending daily updates fans giving advice talking updates air storylines vice president licensing said thought great way continue allow audience engage neighbours world screen messages overseen digital team integrated story department neighbours production team reception earned award nominations portrayal nominated awards nominated received nomination popular actress award character received called programme popular faces said refreshing neighbours characters come moon digital_spy said character favourite fans television website called fierce fabulous star lucas praised performance saying played ways think nailed fun work barrel laughs works hard stuff created character website commented saying introduction neighbours progress happy added credits meaning holy soap named memorable moments stepping dumped locking lips student sunny august week included neighbours characters said kind hearted lands trouble | Donna Freedman | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
27380_Episode6188 | episode episode australian soap opera neighbours premiered june episode written directed produced revolves departure soap storyline sees mark tell girlfriend going witness protection reveals minutes decide stay leave makes choice leave trouble convincing younger sister come soap executive producer revealed team wanted mark bang took inspiration drama create special real time episode script producer thought technique best way justice character exit proved challenge crew different normal storytelling process episode focused minute neighbours broadcast australia episode filmed nights extra effort went ensuring continuity right episode received generally positive attention week writer stated sydney morning herald believed real time aspect clever device fans fallen touch chose episode feature best television programs broadcast june channel included episode program proclaimed episode best bits july annual earned nomination drama australian directors guild awards plot waits answer girlfriend going witness protection states dangerous stay bring younger sister kate tells mark want lose agrees mark reveals half hour heads house pack returns home kate tells leaving town night upset explains pack life bag refuses kate tells decision leaving mark wondering parents arrives home unexpectedly bag tells needs change clothes double shift kate finds mark asks time mark tells gives details meeting point kiss kate leaves mark gets work realises mark leaving harassment received exposing corruption police force mark admits going witness protection kyle decides kate hurry meet mark meeting point mark boss arrives asks mark ready replies kate way hands phone struggles sister tells mark collect way kate continues running starts rain tells mark need leave mark asks wait minutes kate reaches meeting point finds questions mark changed mind kate runs home street enters mark house calling receives text message saying love mark sent phone kyle kate cries mark production conception development february announced departure neighbours reporter stated film final scenes april screen character seen exposing corruption local police force receiving threats colleagues later explained reporter mark exit storyline happy forced street mark asked enter witness protection program night leaves realises love girlfriend kate told inside soap hasn able tell kate leaving goodbye asks come big ask course lot thought mark departure shown special real time episode focused minute executive producer revealed team wanted mark bang commented episode features half dozen people mark kate script producer agreed real time episode best way justice character exit explained producers planning character exit took inspiration drama gordon admitted technique real challenge neighbours said bit different bit normal storytelling process gives sense tension exactly feeling wanted create half hour decision affect rest life minute counts filming episode sees mark reveal minutes leave witness protection tries convince kate come storyline takes place neighbours airs australia episode filmed nights gordon told fox extra effort went ensuring continuity perfect minute accounted including commercial breaks time taken actors walking house gordon commented watches episode tension high interview channel website reporter said filming episode similar filming regular episode soap scenes shot order thought nice working short time period jump day day filming final scenes location weather took turn worse began rain gordon added looked spectacular adds atmosphere told channel website writer rain biggest challenge night shoot freezing revealed ran shoes broken feet bleed actress added incredibly guess stress good way months preparation involved run like guess sense emotional stakes heightened week period exhausting think happy final result worth filmed final scene sequence melbourne studios explained shot mark scene location went inside studio shots revealed final thing filmed conversation mark kyle saying goodbye bit sad basically guys cast crew watching reception real time episode broadcast june australia july watched australian viewers airing making neighbours highest rated digital multi channels night audience million watched episode work episode earned nomination drama australian directors guild awards week website writer called episode edge seat special sydney morning herald readers gave episode stars paper television critic commented clock tonight real time neighbours episode gimmick episode real time action packed minutes street means clock appears minute remind pressing deadline clever device fans fallen touch folks fact impossible mildly interested future prospects aftermath style reporter said love favourite long running surprise new little different included episode feature best television programs broadcast june saying brooding cop minutes leave goes police investigation dragging months plans leave sister keen life change channel included episode program came second overall writer channel website believed clear start mark worthy memorable send feature character best bits writer published end proclaimed episode best bits july reporter stated goodbye enjoyed having good looks good things come end | Episode 6188 | Media and drama | Television | Neighbours |
1138_PaininMyHeart | pain heart pain heart debut album soul singer songwriter recorded subsidiary based memphis tennessee initially issued label released album singles issued label album includes successful singles released arms heart needs security title track billboard publish singles chart late early chart peaks singles unknown biography member toured circuit string dance halls african american musicians racial segregation performance venues prevalent helped win talent contest times row talent teenage party left band featured artist time met future founder recording company associates associate later ran small label signed confederate recorded second single shout rewrite gamma band shooters solo artist signed confederate bass guitarist time started look record label representative interested working proposed send studio memphis way studio session drove driver license performed session ended early received opportunity perform songs hey hey baby studio chief thought sounded like little richard sang arms single performance signed recording release pain heart includes songs sessions stewart signed released debut single arms hey hey baby arms released subsidiary october charted march following year successful songs selling copies session heart needs mary little lamb recorded cut june worst selling singles book story records wrote songs sings harsh gospel voice reminiscent blind boys mississippi ending gospel singer chosen record heart needs second single title track recorded september year sparked copyright issues sounded like ruler heart months pain heart worrying peaked number billboard hot chart observed pain heart dynamic control center uses voice horn swelling decreasing volume syllables worrying word heart successful effort date commercially aesthetically single security released april reached number billboard hot chart according allmusic song tempo showed stretching funky rock roll roots aided usual gang musicians early records song easily succeeded instrumental tracks album covers popular songs including dog stand despite alleged copyright infringement pain heart released subsidiary january peaked number chart number billboard hot reception pain heart received positive critical reception gave album stars album practically road map number white soul finding elements hard rock hey hey baby praised version send considering stylized renditions sam songs criticized restraint compared future recordings somewhat memorable writing security arms heart needs reviewer concluded saying astonishing power energy review albums rolling_stone_magazine observed title track pain heart set pattern ballads come rendering signs singer apparent way lyrics virtually sing line way twice review gave album stars performed arms session guitar piano producer praised performance noted everybody home insisted listen different ballad poured soul track listing musicians vocals organ piano piano keyboards piano drums guitar charts | Pain in My Heart | Music | Albums | 1950 to 1969 albums |
3017_ElectricMud | electric mud fifth studio album serving backing band released psychedelic musician producer suggested record experimental psychedelic blues tracks members attempt revive blues singer career album peaked chart controversial fusion electric blues psychedelic elements influential psychedelic rock bands era production formed subsidiary label release self titled debut album psychedelic band members chess described hottest avant garde rock guys chicago result album success chess felt revive career wolf recording albums experimental psychedelic blues members backing band singers producing albums wolf album chess hoped new albums sell fans psychedelic rock bands influenced wolf according naturally like good selling record looking played called thought probably reach place regular musicians joked calling group electric liked suggestion refused allow album incorporates use pedal augmented rhythm live band use electric organ saxophone blues criticized album psychedelic sound according attempt psychedelic artist concept album like david_bowie said album sound guitar sounds like cat drums busy beat man incorporates free jazz influences performing concert performs vocals let spend night cover single gospel soul style heavy influence cream sunshine love according muddy waters couldn feel psychedelic stuff feeling gone busy singer got let sing muddy waters previous albums replicated sound live performances working studio band problematic perform material album live stated hell record play time sick got big equipment guitar different things hell play blues title album refer use electric guitar played instrument signed use term electric psychedelic context release album cover artwork eclectic reflected fashion preferences cover original rpm vinyl commercial release usa featured graphic versions white background black text second known black background white text cover inner gate fold artwork identical versions small booklet photos accompanying release viewing album cover graphics found searching google images capabilities november album reissued compact disc november rain combined single compact disc reception sold copies weeks release peaking chart album hit charts rolling_stone feature wrote electric mud great blues important prostitutes contemporary styles pioneering efforts led american critics panned album better received england according biggest record chess dropped instantly english accepted eccentric legacy recorded rain following year incorporating elements sound according forget soon walked studio follow muddy saw threw arms said hey boy play stuff played album following strong criticism album claimed disliked album sound consider album blues stated time chess blues players change sound gon change man biography mojo man stated electric mud record came started selling like wild started sending said shit going according satisfied later told listen free press news inspiration performing bassist cited inspiration riff black dog allmusic reviewer panned album lost grooves wrote rhythm hip hop decades stated introduced member public enemy sparked interest earlier work roots oriented blues documentary series blues produced depicts recording band performing members samples tom cat album interlude dreams self titled debut album song hell album world rock funk oriented arrangement boy present album sampled featured prominently left hand method track listing personnel musicians vocal tenor saxophone producer guitars guitars guitars organ arranger producer bass drums additional personnel engineer producer design cover design mixing art direction chart positions | Electric Mud | Music | Albums | 1950 to 1969 albums |
3351_FromElvisinMemphis | memphis memphis fifteenth studio album american rock roll singer elvis_presley released rca_records recorded memphis january february direction producer backed house band informally known memphis boys following success christmas television special soundtrack album marked return non soundtrack albums completion film contract paramount_pictures entourage convinced leave studios record album new memphis studio peak hit producing streak reason going studio soul sound house band memphis boys country songs recorded sessions gives feel country soul style impression emphasized frequent use arrangements case memphis boys southern soul sound memphis released june favorable reviews album peaked number billboard number country charts number united_kingdom single reached number billboard hot album certified gold recording_industry_association_of_america later years garnered favorable reviews ranked number rolling_stone_magazine list greatest albums time background return military service manager colonel shifted focus singer career live music albums films soundtracks march performed live concert years benefit construction uss arizona memorial arena hawaii half 1960s soundtrack albums reached number pop charts number popular songs films including help falling love return parker decided record soundtrack albums viewed films soundtracks helping promote turned commercial success films soundtracks steadily diminished paradise hawaiian style easy increasingly disappointed quality work hit crying chapel gospel number recorded new material issued gospel album great thou art won grammy award best sacred performance category colonel parker arranged deal nbc christmas television special starring live audience parker originally planned sing christmas producer convinced singer perform songs original repertoire high ratings received special success attendant established popularity making special said sing song don believe going movie don believe decision music film decided record new album recording left usual musicians studios hollywood california studio nashville tennessee recording new material memphis special approached played early hit making career rejoined television asked moore music city nashville suggestion came fruition january meeting told usual producer want record album friends suggested use coming studio involved contacted studio producer willing work postponed session asked produce sessions second producer agreed recordings days cost backed studio house band thomas street band informally known memphis boys consisted guitar bass drums piano organ rca_records oversaw company policy record studios label sent personnel recording began january arrived studio nursing cold addition personal entourage accompanied publisher colonel parker assistant producer executive engineer representing rca_records board engineer joined musicians harmonica session produced recordings long black loved look non album songs continued day recording colleagues expressed discomfort size entourage singer accompanied fewer people remaining sessions day recorded moving gentle mind leaving studio working rest throat following night appear cold worsened january house band recorded backing tracks subsequent sessions returned january recording takes finishing vocal track gentle mind january recorded hold heart till hold arms non album single suspicious minds took break recording vacation trip colorado celebrate daughter birthday absence approached concerned possible future disputes concerning songs publication decided record compositions instead songs writers particularly interested non album suspicious minds mama liked roses warned surrender publishing rights release songs response told recordings leave studio vice president siding ordering stay away studio let work staff informed publishing issues supported assuring producer handle session work contacted parker told return california retained publishing rights sessions scheduled resume weeks later returned february recording true love travels gravel road power love loving know following day february devoted session non album single kentucky rain songs american sound recordings followed recording strong survive hit previous year took takes february recorded keeps right takes day final session february recorded vocal overdubs true love travels gravel road power love vocals non album cuts following month began work string horn overdubs finish album brass overdubs recorded music moved away usual pop recordings aimed established audience developer sound incorporated memphis sound integrating soul country gospel rural electric blues arrangements lean heavily rhythm section lesser contributions strings brass changed image tracks addition french horns intended blend tracks distinctive sound strings rising track fades vice versa play lines french horns cello darker tones incorporated tracks album selected thirty recorded american sound sessions song loved look features electric bass lead time recording second strong survive backed bass drums plays piano track country song hold heart till hold arms voice cold fourth song country rhythm blues long black featuring trumpet solo fifth song traditional country western keeps right arranged sound like memphis soul ends version country western moving strong bass line driving rhythm begins power love song blues based sound backed brass section drums electric guitar organ lyrics include double crush kick win know baby backing female singers emphasizing sexuality second track cover gentle mind follows string laden arrangement inspired grammy winning version song song hit loving arranged tempo rhythm blues style followed dallas true love travels gravel road hit day twelfth final song album selected single song chosen previously picked material sessions protest song consequences poverty compassion inner city youth lyrics controversial time originally plan record song thought fans said song friends initially opposed convinced singer record album cover trouble guitar man production number nbc special featured red electric guitar wearing black leather suit red neck guitar players set memphis best known productions dusty springfield dusty memphis albums reflected similar times musical trends memphis scene release reception single released april copies shipped second week release entered charts remained thirteen weeks reaching number june single sold million copies united_states reached number british singles chart success triggered confrontation sessions usual producer grew increasingly worried losing control recordings weeks chart production credited called billboard correct producer credit fourth week parker asked billboard remove production credit song entry entirely arguing records traditionally list producer credit memphis released june album topped albums_chart week stand united_states reached number thirteen ranked number seventeen magazine country albums january album certified gold recording_industry_association_of_america selling copies august featured cover rolling_stone album receiving lead review magazine reviewer described great equal praised evident passion invested music adding trying trying hard needs attention involvement comes surprise billboard published positive review saying sounded better choice material perfect high fidelity wrote number stages latest best memphis continued receive praise retrospective reviews rolling_stone described extraordinary attributed sessions success newfound maturity warm distinctly southern musical backing allmusic gives stars highlights allmusic album pick critic said elvis_presley memphis greatest album called greatest white soul albums greatest soul albums cut supported best playing backup singing entire recording history popmatters described memphis best music elvis_presley music reviewer considered album early recordings terms historical importance innovation downright essential fan music fan legacy following american sound sessions returned hollywood march april recorded soundtrack starred thirty motion picture actor album release parker arranged return live performing deal owner play newly built seat weeks shows night appearance assembled band later known band guitar rhythm guitar bass guitar drums piano rhythm guitar background vocals band complimented backing vocals sweet inspirations initial las_vegas attracted audience setting new performance record began tour united_states time thirteen years released remastered compact disc memphis including bonus tracks released sides recorded album sessions reissue received stars rolling_stone don cry daddy kentucky rain minor hits suspicious minds signature songs final chart career album number rolling_stone list greatest albums time issued legacy edition album 40th anniversary discs memphis studio disk memphis memphis tracks originally released singles including suspicious minds kentucky rain personnel track listings original release reissue reissue chart performance album certifications sales release history | From Elvis in Memphis | Music | Albums | 1950 to 1969 albums |
3608_FolkSinger(album) | folk singer album folk singer fourth studio album released april album features waters acoustic guitar backed string bass drums acoustic guitar waters acoustic album numerous include bonus tracks subsequent sessions april october despite charting country folk singer received critical acclaim reviewers praised high quality sound especially remastered versions instrumentation album ranked number rolling_stone_magazine list greatest albums time background successful performance tours america encouraged waters record songs new studio album recording musicians waters band joined waters played newport replaced following years numerous drummer replaced played sentenced life prison murder wife jail formed band sounds incarcerated hare replaced succession including played right handed guitar left handed madison played guitar reissue bonus tracks allegedly suffered denied believing alcoholism electric guitarist recorded waters blues big bill released chess hired guy discovered waters shortly guy arrived chicago louisiana recording folk singer recording differs earlier albums featured electric blues sound title album chosen recorded time folk music popular order appeal fans folk music chess recorded acoustic album acoustic hired second guitarist played bonus tracks guy played original songs song feel like going home waters recording took place recording studios chicago september produced original vinyl release includes songs performed slower tempo exception uptempo good morning little recording waters emphasized singing releases tour original album released april numerous record labels released different versions different bonus tracks waters sessions versions released mobile fidelity sound lab containing bonus tracks lose thing remastered version contains bonus tracks thing lose john root short dress woman lay away supporting tour europe second american folk blues festival began month recording gig seventeen took place london performances belgium germany france denmark london waters began unreleased captain followed stone keeping folk theme quiet versions long years blow wind blow trouble home delta got mojo working performed critical reception contemporary review beat magazine found waters singing forced artificial writing suffers major flaw begins come close power intensity original numbers style time time gon need help home delta retrospective review writing allmusic enthusiastic deeming record sound fresh vital rolling_stone ranked number list greatest albums writing playing pioneering beloved blues folk fans alike issue rolling_stone reviewer wrote aren blues albums qualify recordings folk singer surely wonderfully intimate session delivers waters voice power subtlety rendering guitar work vivid realism think sitting studio track listing home delta waters long distance waters captain good morning little gon need help waters cold weather blues waters big leg woman country boy waters feel like going home waters bonus tracks thing lose waters bonus tracks thing lose waters john root short dress woman lay away personnel credits adapted allmusic | Folk Singer (album) | Music | Albums | 1950 to 1969 albums |
4223_Bookends(album) | album fourth studio album american music duo produced album released april united_states columbia_records duo risen fame years prior hit albums sounds silence sage radio singles touring colleges simon approached director write songs film graduate released weeks prior soundtrack album propelled band stardom contrast soundtrack album follows unified concept exploring life journey childhood old age album marks successive stages life theme serving literal life cycle largely consists unused material graduate soundtrack simon lyrics largely revolve youth relationships old age mortality material crafted alongside producer joined recording process suffered writer block result album recorded gradually period year production speeding later months initial sales substantial album produced number hit single robinson album mainly hit duo native country united_kingdom countries peaked number considered breakthrough group placing level artists beatles bob_dylan rolling_stones forefront cultural movement 1960s album continued receive critical acclaim recent years duo finest efforts background burst national scene hit single sound silence waves radio period duo broken failure debut release wednesday morning following release sounds silence duo recorded released sage brought new critical commercial success duo simon felt finally upper rock roll importantly retaining artistic integrity making closer bob_dylan wrote biographer duo chose booking agency recommendation mutual friend producer sessions duo cut shade winter decided release single peaked number national charts similarly recorded zoo single release early charted lower number simon began work time noting writer high fidelity interested singles anymore hit dry spell writing led simon album horizon artists time expected release albums year lack productivity duo worried executives columbia_records amid concerns simon columbia_records chairman arranged coming record producer kick start recording simon suits label occasion brought tape recorder meeting davis giving talk speeding production order laugh later director filming graduate fascinated duo past efforts listening nonstop filming weeks obsession met ask permission license music film davis viewed perfect fit envisioned best selling soundtrack album simon immediately receptive viewing movies akin selling creating artistic integrity meeting impressed wit script agreed write new songs film powerful agent negotiated deal paid simon submit songs producer weeks later simon emerged new tracks dilemma overs particularly taken duo offered new song later robinson developed loved recording production recorded fits starts session group june duo signed older contract specified label pay sessions folk duo recording costs said took advantage hiring viola brass players viola players arrived duo intrigued sound musicians tuning instruments recording spent nearly night columbia expense trying find random sound record reflects production team spent studio hours recording example recorded vocal parts note note satisfied simon close attention vocal takes line perfect took bigger role aspects production harmonies band famous gradually disappeared favor songs sung solo member album planned long advance work begin earnest late months work duo produced tracks ended dilemma save life child overs october writer magazine attended recording session duo simon assistant engineer columbia recording studio 52nd street new_york_city observations reported november edition magazine team working relationship built listening asking advice taking building morale obvious enjoy working word come partner ideas tried accepted rejected time passes time little dilemma aside moment simon begins work title song new album work slowed beginning new year departure columbia duo completed production recording america february final version robinson february old friends closing theme march simon felt album use studio duo albums composition music theme opens closes played acoustic guitar additional instruments audio sample band hit sound silence plays sounds near end second track save life child credited production assistance song created bassline playing synthesizer help author finds elements variously supported groove distorted electronic sounds complement song subject matter suicide suburban youth overs explores jazz oriented style larger selection chords form group previous styles voices old people sound recorded tape collection audio recordings elderly find photographs illness living conditions old friends title generally conveys introduction ending sections repetition song builds loose formal structure includes acoustic guitar soft mood additional element introduced midway track orchestral arrangement conducted dominated strings notes horns instruments added duo cease singing creating builds single high sustained note strings song final song reprise theme consists miscellaneous unrelated songs unused graduate possessing rock based sound unified folk songs simon felt album second composed tracks didn mean lot weren recorded melodies occasionally deleted suit lyrics song generally follows similar chord structure melodic outline funky rock beat references beatles tomorrow knows dilemma breezy minimal musically soft jazz style percussion seemingly improvised guitar lines dominated seventh chords robinson opens instantly recognizable pop rock guitar hook carries track verse consists syllables form stable foundation inclusion meaningless syllables arises unfinished nature song pitched director particularly liked verse shade winter follows rock tinged sound fairly straightforward verse refrain structure zoo uses rock groove key major lyrics according disc jockey author album shares thematic qualities concept album beatles sgt released months prior zoo old friends benefit respectively notes sgt pepper notable colorful psychedelic shapes contrasted moody black white gray sounds concept albums fairly common rock groups time request sweetheart enjoyed massive success format unlike beatles nearly year confirmed influence sgt pepper interview commenting terribly impressed light path led simon smoked writing convinced high write felt drug negative effect caused retreat found tour thoughts grew dark times attributed pain comes songs high contains major themes including youth life love relationships old age mortality simon work loosely autobiographical designed function personal artistic statement simon feeling especially style day planned album concept began writing telling going start writing album cycle songs want early ones youth song old age want feel song fit originally released primarily vinyl opens closes disc theme brief acoustic piece compared english rock band evokes time innocence save life child dramatic story involving drugs violence mother child relationship according song deals individual crises crowded urban settings references larger societal forces hint perspective song america follows young lovers apparently impromptu romantic traveling alliance board bus look america protest song creates cinematic tells singer search literal physical america disappeared country beauty ideals overs includes themes love marriage old friends portrait old men years youth men sit park bench like strange feels nearing lifetime song joined theme time vocal accompaniment duo piece closes entire suite resigned preserve memories left opens finds protagonist shortcomings suggested simon relationship dilemma employs breakfast food images hollywood film industry takes abrupt left turn verse singer begins admired soldier robinson collects wide ranging images address social constant jesus loves eponymous character god heaven welcome song includes famous reference athlete new_york_yankees simon favorite baseball teams features explicit homage beatles simon meaningless phrase john_lennon sings shade winter older track dates simon days england song follows hopeless poet manuscripts unpublished rhyme unsure achievements life sharp contrast zoo concludes album simon described cycle life song indicates personalities certain zoo animals represent particular walks people song originally intended possible children book according rock journalist record meditation passage life psychological impact life accumulating losses song cycle describes life death romantic ideal release commercial performance prior release band helped performed signaled beginning summer love west_coast issued single summer found modest success radio duo focused rising format played album cuts january duo appeared special tonight performing songs largely album regarded best photographers commissioned shoot album cover viewed close reflection simon released columbia_records april historical context hours assassination activist spurred nationwide outrage riots album served comfort food tumultuous times nation album debuted issue dated april climbing number staying position seven non consecutive weeks remained chart total weeks received heavy orders weeks advance release columbia able apply award certification copies left warehouse fact touted magazine ads record duo best selling album date fed buzz created release graduate soundtrack album weeks earlier creating initial combined sales figure million units united_kingdom number hit likewise album charted highly australia france peaked countries number duo held complicated relationship davis simon particularly outraged suggested raising list price dollar standard retail price davis explained including large poster copy extra dollar necessary cover cost simon instead viewed charging premium sure year best selling columbia album according biographer davis offended perceived lack gratitude believed role turning superstars implement davis price increase plan signed contract extension columbia guaranteed higher royalty rate critical reception reviews release largely positive british publication nme gave record stars called inspiring descriptive music noting album imaginative times confusing know composer getting rival newspaper use ratings system called thoughtful clever produced album reviewer chris criticized songs particularly performed beatles beatles conviction praising opining words capture america today lot sickness tragedy rolling_stone reviewer wrote music questionable found music questionable nice admit liking sense process slick happens later reviews positive minutes stunning vision america search said allmusic writer gave stars pitchfork_media called moment duo settling losing folk revival emphasizing quirky production techniques match soaring vocals called group musically daring album accolades robinson rock roll song win record year 11th annual grammy awards honor duo group lists legacy album alongside graduate soundtrack propelled biggest rock duo world simon approached numerous film producers desired write music films license track turned preparing film brother sun likewise shoot addition hollywood proposals producers broadway starring simon friend lead asked original songs simon declined eventually paired collaborated short time sacred mass eventually withdrew project finding far comfort zone disc jockey author writes represents career convergence musical personal societal forces placed center cultural rolling_stone credited record striking chord lonely young adults near end decade writing lyric shade winter time time time defined moment generation edge adulthood viewed band accomplished work time breakthrough production songwriting piece work said simon interview playboy line song america gone look america began appearing spray painted vacant buildings abandoned factories town michigan mentioned song loose group artists eventually known paint began phrase city population vastly noting song sense nostalgia era city residents track listing songs written composed noted tracks produced tracks produced produced track produced track produced produced personnel credits adapted allmusic chart positions | Bookends (album) | Music | Albums | 1950 to 1969 albums |
6363_Complete&Unbelievable:TheOtisReddingDictionaryofSoul | simply dictionary soul fifth studio album american soul singer songwriter solo studio album released death successful following performance led rising fame united_states album sides mainly contains cover versions second songs mainly written released october label peaked number number billboard charts respectively album produced singles sad song try little album ranked number rolling_stone_magazine list greatest albums time background success album saw company producer founder american label signed musicians including founded production companies records derived recordings released derived decided perform nightclub predominantly white audience soul artists play western united_states performance received critical acclaim press musician bob_dylan offered alternative track hit song like woman declined proposal performance went studios continue recording new songs final solo studio album recording dictionary soul features pianist guitarist bassist drummer pianist consisting tenor tenor album opens sad song derived theme question song written lyrics habit sing horn lines served background singer singing alongside second single album try little written english songwriter duo american tin songwriter early february version hit version black artist recorded tender moving swinging franklin years later recorded medley alongside tin standard sentimental reasons send according listened songs rearranged help pianist examples arranged introduced tree horn line seconds inspired change gon come strings break peak later featured theme shaft song recorded september released november charting number billboard hot number chart features mainly cover versions including country standard tennessee beatles day praised turning opposed original parts song later mixed grammy award winning hip hop artists jay-z kanye_west mainly composed songs exception baby love mercy written released october label peaked number number billboard charts respectively reception received positive critical reception allmusic gave album stars stating found rugged voiced deep soul singer continuing expand boundaries style staying true rough passionate signature sound liked lover prayer sad song asserting worthy academy_award backing bands thoroughly distinctive remarkably fitting voice muscular performances magazine rolling stone rated album stars stating delivers mature performances times try little second single hard precise swinging bbc music gave album positive review stated peak powers recorded song album try little said remembered song dock bay released posthumously shortly death album ranked number rolling_stone greatest albums time critic called finest record come memphis certainly best example modern soul recorded track listing track listing adapted allmusic personnel credits adapted allmusic vocals guitar bass piano piano drums trumpet tenor saxophone try little tenor saxophone tenor saxophone saxophone cover design charts | Complete & Unbelievable: The Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul | Music | Albums | 1950 to 1969 albums |
6428_Ummagumma | fourth studio album english progressive rock band double album released october internationally disc live album contains normal set list time second contains solo compositions member band recorded fourth studio album artwork designed regular floyd collaborators features number pictures band combined effect album received time release hit album charts looked band expressed negative opinions interviews album reissued times rest catalogue title album title supposedly comes cambridge slang sex commonly friend occasional moore going house according moore term background sleeve notes live material recorded june live album recorded live birmingham april following week year man journey tour band recorded live version gates dawn intended placement live album embryo recorded studio decided band members come material studio album came result wanting real music group members order wright half create solo work involvement wright contribution named character greek mythology usually spelled contained combination keyboards including piano initially enthusiastic making solo contribution wright later described waters species small animals gathered cave contained variety vocal percussion effects treated speeds forwards backwards influenced later collaborate waters waters contribution pastoral acoustic offering usually played opening concerts stated creating solo work admits went studio started bits pieces narrow way performed baby blue shuffle major bbc radio session december said piece asked waters write lyrics compositions refused mason grand garden party featured wife playing flute mason playing seven minute drum solo actually piece packaging album album band released harvest label cover artwork shows effect featuring group picture hanging wall showing scene band members switched positions cover original varies british american canadian australian releases british version album leaning wall immediately pink floyd letters talk given borders cambridge november city wakes project explained album introduced red herring provoke debate intended meaning copies american canadian editions cover plain white sleeve apparently copyright concerns earliest american copies cover restored american remastered edition australian edition cover completely leaving white square house location cover album located near cambridge rear cover appears psychedelic breakfast shown band equipment laid hill airport concept proposed mason intention exploded drawings military aircraft popular time song titles laid slightly differently british north american editions important difference inclusion subtitles sections secrets subtitles appeared american canadian editions album british edition appear original secrets inner art shows separate black white photos band members seen standing oak original vinyl editions showed waters wife picture editions original photo accordingly changed picture restored album inclusion box set way release history released october november respectively reached number albums chart number marking time band reached album certified gold february platinum march american versions cassette retained astronomy live set omitted tracks album released set digitally remastered version issued mark 40th anniversary album release sold limited number cover release campaign pink floyd presented fourteen albums newly remastered studio disc remastered live disc previous version live studio album issue june pink floyd records label reception release received favourable reviews particularly positive live album reviewer describing probably best live recordings heard included live half album list greatest live albums positive album saying live half document early floyd atmospheric energetic like studio half fractured construction album length statement band dismissive critical work recalling album later years waters said disaster described album horrible interview mason said thought good interesting little exercise business bit feel good example sum greater parts later described failed experiment adding significant thing didn paste reviewing release described album rock excess worst kind writer praised live version careful axe eugene robert_christgau suggested album hypnotic melodies admirable record fall asleep species december scientists named new found genus album pink floyd track listing double edition record live album record studio album cassette edition cassette edition edition personnel charts certifications | Ummagumma | Music | Albums | 1950 to 1969 albums |
8550_AtNewport1960 | newport newport live album performed newport rhode_island backing band consisting piano vocals guitar harmonica bass drums july waters performances europe 1950s newport helped blues broader audience especially whites album said live blues albums album released november year featuring songs including got brand goodbye newport blues released remastered version includes bonus tracks recorded chicago june newport charted received critical acclaim influential future bands ranked music lists including number rolling_stone greatest albums time background releasing debut album best muddy waters greatest hits collection sings big collection covers songs blues musician big waters performed newport jazz festival waters known blues musician europe united_states 50s successful performances electric blues band consisting half brother piano vocals guitar harmonica bass drums increasingly popularized blues mainstream music united_states europe especially white audiences recording gig scheduled july sunday afternoon day performances singing group ross met crowd rushes drunken charles performance caused poor police security policemen attacked water riots control national_guard called midnight calm crowd waters band arrived scheduled day intended drive day driver saw standing corner guitar guitar case cotton said car musicians harm way time city council decided cancel concert concert promoter convinced said planned film festival teach american culture countries waters performance band backed band leader waters entered stage wearing black rest band wore white formal dress newport opens unreleased got brand recorded month prior written big cover baby don soon forgotten tiger tank feel good performed hip swings got mojo working played second time performed movements cotton end returned microphone performed second time received massive cheers audience end song gathered stage perform blues standards jazz poet spontaneously wrote finishing song slow goodbye newport blues time singer waters exhausted perform album released united_states november year performed concert newport label produced version released released different version early 90s digitally remastered significantly better quality bass singing remastered version contains bonus tracks recorded chicago june album cover album cover depicts newport jazz festival holding semi acoustic guitar photographer asked pose cover waters left played concert stage instead held semi acoustic guitar belonging friend critical reception newport received positive critical reception generally praised powerful performance waters band writing allmusic said waters lays tough cool set literally audience dancing set close furthermore remarked opening track got brand positively burns relatively albums hear die praised refrain man baby don enjoyed muddy powerful cotton harmonica playing pub piano like playing overall music albums changed popular music praised waters vocal presentation energetic stage presence literally performances album ranked number rolling_stone greatest albums time band playing described tough tight groove cotton harmonica jams mentioned special treat vibe magazine essential albums 20th century critic called album immortal album mentioned essential cds musicians bands rolling_stones influenced electric sound greatest hits album creating hard rock sound newport live blues albums track listing got brand man baby don soon forgotten tiger tank feel good got mojo working preston foster got mojo working foster goodbye newport blues remastered issue bonus tracks got brand soon forgotten tiger tank tracks credited original personnel | At Newport 1960 | Music | Albums | 1950 to 1969 albums |
8812_MoneyJungle | money jungle money jungle studio album pianist double bassist drummer recorded september released february compositions written seven original recorded time album later releases added tracks recording session album reviewed positively time release subsequent reviews remained highly favorable negative comments concentrated differences playing style musicians brought gap argument led leaving studio mid session hundreds musicians influenced recording particular freedom individual expression small group setting background producer helped duke working paris early 1960s later douglas joined moved new_york received according account surprise visit suggested recording piano based album known big band leader douglas suggested double bassist insisted having drummer played regular bassist leader orchestra fired days following fight musician time recording years old difference strengthened guiding figure born influence music recording contract signed recorded trio album according musicians met day recording told think poor man like play material recording music recording monday september new_york_city 57th street sixth avenue seventh session begin arrived midday set drums found writing material despite suggestion previous day compositions brought piece according given lead sheet gave basic melody harmony plus visual image described pianist example crawling streets heads agents people exploited artists play music musicians declined chance recording track tape experience playing money jungle post album original contained seven tracks composed strongly associated title track bar blues opens strongly played notes joins chords supports ride snare bass drum final minute beat magazine observed bends strings force makes instrument sound like cross delta blues guitar ballad developed simple melody stated piano features floating bassline understated drumming special bar blues possibly improvised compositions plus wig wise angular descending line written specifically album plays melody low octaves adding like notes imitating orchestral sound ballads piano solo piece enter final minute releases feature compositions switch blade backward country boy blues blues little max latin influenced track features switch blade slow blues showcases puts feeling precision answers duke plays according drummer backward country boy blues probably given title usual blues construction reversed chord chord persistent rumors clashes musicians session douglas version complained playing left studio mid session taking bass caught street outside persuaded return account slightly different reason leaving persuaded return elevator version upset use compositions recording duke son stated trio contract albums persuaded record critic suggests listening tracks order recorded easily hear tension building uptempo numbers temporary departure probably occurred playing money jungle represents apex group inner tension strings firing music laying highly chords release history original released stereo versions bought emi subsidiary reissued album contained recordings session previously unreleased works written session plus alternative takes order presented edition songs recorded sound quality original recording improved release engineer original tapes bit adding clarity drums particular release seven songs arranged original order songs alternative takes placed afterward increasing number tracks reception influence critics contemporaneous reviews favorable album awarded grand prix star review beat magazine called money jungle astonishing described fastest company repeatedly praised new musical territory heard play album especially push strongly hear boss dominates mean accomplishment billboard positive describing memorable content historical importance playing later reviews largely positive allmusic called sensational recording session recommended jazz fan jazz claimed completely steals suggested long standing staples relatively weak renditions know changes track described angular piano trio masterpiece confirmed inherent austin chronicle praised playing ideas said album stands meeting jazz royalty writing record remixed reissue village_voice critic robert_christgau said angular modernist swing session piano trio records supper clubs sound quality original recording described incidents distortion piano microphone stereo recording piano center double bass far right channel drums strictly left channel slightly piano musicians hundreds musicians inspired album pianist states jazz album bought sounds like orchestra played trio inspired big like observed members trio thing compares later groups led stating later groups way everybody kind zone definitely playing composition tune like duke max money jungle different view session beat blind listening test criticised record company putting musicians saying max play hell bass player max hell drummer duke play play duke impressed playing believes best recordings piano forced musicians ways normally played commented free elements playing describing album greatest examples piano playing heard remarked forceful interaction facilitated space band rhythm brass included money jungle tracks album money jungle led release blue includes cover versions tracks original album compositions premiered album wig wise commonly recorded track listing songs composed stated reissue blue note blue note composers blue note composers personnel musicians duke piano double bass drums production | Money Jungle | Music | Albums | 1950 to 1969 albums |
8994_ModernSoundsinCountryandWesternMusic | modern sounds country western music modern sounds country western music studio album american recording artist released april recording sessions album took place early mid february new_york_city hollywood production handled entirely charles conductor departure charles previous work album features country folk western music standards covered redone charles popular song forms time including rhythm blues pop jazz fifth release country western music rapid critical commercial success brought mainstream notice following tenure help album charting singles charles earned recognition pop market airplay country radio stations modern sounds lead single stop loving certified gold recording_industry_association_of_america record shipped copies united_states regarded critics charles best studio album country western music considered music writers landmark album american music album integration soul country music bent racial barriers popular music amid height african american civil rights struggle process recording album charles african american musicians exercise complete artistic control recording career album called greatest albums time publications rolling_stone time background contract ended signed november obtaining generous contract artists time following commercial pop crossover breakthrough hit single earlier year abc offered charles annual advance higher royalties previously offered eventual ownership masters valuable lucrative deal time composed charles single charles mainstream appeal pop hit selling million copies united_states despite ban placed record radio stations response song sexually suggestive lyrics time release instrumental jazz genius soul jazz abc subsidiary label charles virtually given writing original material begun follow eclectic interpreter hit single georgia mind originally written charles version produced released earning charles national acclaim grammy award song charles collaboration arranged conducted recording charles earned grammy follow hit road jack written singer late charles expanded small road ensemble scale big band partly response increasing royalties touring fees black artists crossover mainstream pop level creative control success came halt november police search charles hotel room indianapolis indiana concert tour led discovery heroin medicine cabinet case eventually dropped search undertaken proper warrant charles soon returned focus music recording conception following blues fusion gospel jazz influences earlier atlantic material brought fame controversy charles sought experiment country music noted liner notes charles influenced genre youth stating play piano band believed good job right song today atlantic attempted incorporate style influence cover country singer charles later said song heard sing moving loved lyrics mind singer like lyrics lyrics great want sessions atlantic charles recording acclaimed studio effort genius ray charles brought closer expressing jazz pop crossover ambitions described music critic important albums atlantic record introduce charles musical approach blending sound middle road pop oriented style performing presence big band ensemble recording album abc paramount debut genius hits road collection place songs devoted parts united_states expanded charles thematic organized approach albums commercially successful singles production inspired approach recording charles originally plans single concept album charles announced wanted work album country music period racial segregation tension united_states received generally negative commentary feedback peers including fellow musicians executives country album concept meant charles test record label faith respect artistic freedom test social tolerance listeners amid racial country fueled esteem creative control charles pitched idea country album abc representatives following successful lobby concept contract renewal early linked launching label charles prepared band recording sessions produced modern sounds country western music recording modern sounds country western music 18th overall charles recorded according title album conceived producer executives management people recording sessions album took place sessions mid february sessions set february new_york new_york half album recorded produced half recorded february year hollywood california instead drawing record memory knowledge country music charles asked newly appointed artists repertoire man research country standards major country music publishers premier country publishing companies featured hank williams catalog located nashville tennessee amassed songs tape charles consider recording new_york_city sent recordings charles living california time choose according music selections provided album country western foundation musical arrangements represented contemporary influence eager display big band ensemble studio charles enlisted premier jazz active west_coast jazz scene hired arrange lush strings chorus numbers despite enlisting roster professional musicians charles intended control artistic direction recordings indicate specific wanted emphasized certain songs charles voice piano demos pass informing wanted specific sounds according point recording charles rewrote entire arrangement dictated parts backing musicians composition album themes heartbreak love material chosen charles ballads concept originally attracted interest charles style music strength admired writing ballad somber melancholy lyrics performing ballad beautifully emotional stability element found common diverse musical genres writer said charles adaptation country elements country play like series intricate variations like long meditation expansive qualities music commonly described white man blues allmusic writes charles blue country giving songs needed kick gospel despite racial social implications country time charles agree contemporary views race records genres including pop country essentially different interview rolling stone charles said similarities blues country music words country songs like blues dressed people honest look miss went got drunk bar way tin missed went restaurant sat dinner cleaned country songs blues like interview music historian charles elaborated understanding stating country music black music got thing exactly modern sounds features covers country western music standards sound musical style marked heavy rhythm blues influence charles playing considerable material melancholy lyrics words backed piano orchestral arrangements rooted jazz west_coast charles style piano blues charles said country album completely different rhythm blues songs don know string vocal ensemble production themes love song narrator woman views friend don know allmusic editor writes song affecting narrative stating genius soul charles recording matter times hears song spine narrator blows chance left end composed win hey good derived williams different emotional perspectives difference charles interpretations songs stop loving ballad lush arrangements placed 11th spot track listing assumed album weakest song album selling single charles disappointed charge album component charles creative reliance musician songwriting covering heartbreak ballads makes difference love hurts worried mind born lose expand country feature blend piano blues string arrangements commercial performance modern sounds country western music best selling albums recorded black musician time best selling country albums shipping copies months release achievement mainstream promotional efforts received abc prior following release album proved crossover hit distributors claimed record selling pop country music markets time referred white black markets period album release early april stereo format reviewer billboard magazine claimed addition powerful dealer material package fracture find wealth material talk play mid april reports album sales radio airplay started coming cities dallas philadelphia june issue replaced west story soundtrack album number album united_states knocking chart album spawned charting singles born lose love stop loving don know went number adult contemporary chart hit singles quickly gained significant radio airplay country stations mid album lead single stop loving sold copies weeks release record dealers began describing album equal sales action early moving copies single influential atlanta record distributor told billboard magazine record hot district people don record players buying stop loving hit number chart june spending consecutive weeks chart time fell single reported reached nearly million half sales moving copies week july record spent weeks number great_britain modern sounds country western music singles performing united_states charles toured europe big band performed signature jazz material venues hailed true jazz artist tradition duke return united_states end summer officially recognized achievements presenting charles gold records stop loving modern sounds album live concert performance convention hall new_jersey ventures country music european jazz scene charles white audience grew significantly concerts album quickly followed recording country western pop standards covered charles recorded september modern sounds country western music vol released months volume proved equally successful earning gold certification following year following tenure charles later went achieve commercial success recording country music 1970s 1980s critical reception release country received positive reviews music critics rhythm blues country music billboard called intriguing albums long time found concept wonderful stop loving subsequently earned grammy awards album nominated grammy award album year initial reception album praised critics charles style manner interpreting country music musical language los_angeles_times wrote interpretation country standards opened lot pop ears country music showed nashville proper use orchestration allmusic editor called album fine store interpretations stated modern country blend produced tone place high profile crossover hit modern sounds country western fit right expansive musical ways atlantic label 50s commented charles recast country favorites big band orchestrated settings visionary easy grace adding gets heart song way remains thoroughly modern oxford american called landmark vocals set early rock roll illuminated black white roots connections popular audience accolades album inducted grammy hall fame stop loving modern sounds country western music cited recording historical significance stop loving ranked number list greatest songs country music november rolling_stone ranked album number list greatest albums time charles entries highest ranking list accompanied genius ray charles number legacy influence country music wake success country music experienced immediate increase popularity according music writer album raised genre profile specifically nashville sound charles covered songwriters music publishers country singers covered material noted cooper end nashville country publishers held hottest source music material record business days charles success stylistic fusion country soul led similar efforts artists greatly influenced album country music artists cited charles genre album major influence interview nelson said album country music artist wrote charles influence album stating impact modern sounds country music listeners writer states telling people paid attention country music professed dislike listened based impact having heard capable music charles eventually earned country music repertoire reputation following success modern sounds records later country hit singles appearances country music events including johnny cash grand anniversary program listened youth social impact following album release charles quickly earned influx white listeners audiences concert venues experiencing fall predominantly black audience writer later said album effect idea country song think charles knew true music people years following initial reception gained impact music industry society recording album charles african american musicians receive practice artistic control bestowed mainstream record company interview country musician acknowledged album influence calling important records time content social political july article rolling_stone_magazine music journalist robert_christgau praised impact influence modern sounds recordings music stating world created black person sing american owned country black person home cotton field corn humor shows emotion standard operating procedure american music black white addition social implications musical integration soul country popular format charles changed racial boundaries restraints music contributed historical civil rights movement writers praise album musical social implications stating arguably brilliant albums released integrate modern american music history paying tribute magazine selection greatest singers time selected charles singer songwriter noted album racial social impact article rolling_stone stating black man giving possible music possible way hell breaking loose civil rights movement article rolling_stone written honor charles achievements later stated modern sounds recordings acceptable black people sing country western music process break racial barriers civil rights movement subsequent work charles addition album legacy influential recordings time modern sounds effect charles later work according writer recording marked charles popularity success mid-1960s continuing 1970s 1980s majority musical output focused middle road pop releases featuring recognizable trademark soul crossover fusion tendencies country western music album influence columnist independent stated numerous artists followed charles lead said charles repeated trick period releases following includes musician later recording years recognized music writers critics critical slide weakest recording career albums period reissued remained rare record collectors print charles final studio album later released shortly death proved comeback success terms sales critical response quickly charles album years best selling record career october issued disc box set entitled chronicles charles country western recordings collection features volumes later country singles set hardcover booklet essays producer writer liner photography june volumes reissued single package reissue included download itunes store track listing tracks produced reissue bonus tracks album later reissued compact disc specialty record label october bonus tracks personnel piano vocals producer additional musicians alto saxophone arrangements big band arrangements strings technical personnel engineering tracks production track engineering track photography engineering track liner notes production archives photography engineering tracks engineering tracks charts | Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music | Music | Albums | 1950 to 1969 albums |
9827_SweetheartoftheRodeo | sweetheart sweetheart sixth album american rock band released august columbia_records music recorded addition country rock pioneer influential major country rock album established act represented stylistic away psychedelic rock band previous notorious brothers occasionally experimented country music previous albums sweetheart represented genre far album responsible bringing joined prior recording album attention mainstream rock audience time album seen important chapter parsons personal musical crusade country music fashionable young audience album initially conceived musical history 20th century american popular music encompassing examples country music jazz rhythm blues genres steered passion little known parsons joined february proposed concept abandoned early album instead purely country record recording album divided sessions nashville los_angeles contributions notable session musicians including tension developed parsons rest band guitarist especially parsons vocals recorded partly legal complications time album released august parsons left band away rock pop country music great deal resistance hostility ultra conservative nashville country music establishment viewed group long haired attempting country music release album reached billboard chart failed reach charts united_kingdom attendant singles released ain achieved modest success failed chart album received positive reviews music press band shift away psychedelic music alienated pop audience despite commercially unsuccessful album date initial release sweetheart today considered seminal highly influential country rock album background january march initial concept album sweetheart expand genre spanning approach previous notorious brothers recording double album overview history american popular music planned album begin music country western jazz rhythm blues rock music culminating futuristic electronica featuring synthesizer college tour promote notorious brothers immediate concern recruitment new band members departed band late leaving facto leader remaining member band address problem hired cousin member band new drummer piece line guitar bass embarked early college tour soon apparent having difficulty performing studio material live trio decided fourth member required eye envisaged american music concept album felt pianist jazz background ideal group candidate found band business manager shape year old parsons marginal figure music scene acquainted auditioned band piano player february faux jazz piano playing personality audition impress parsons recruited fourth member band quickly switched playing guitar instead piano parsons considered members received salary sign columbia_records recording contract renewed february unbeknownst musical agenda planned marry love traditional country music saw form american music youth culture passion rock successfully attempted fusion member little known international submarine band album safe home parsons new status offered international stage launch bid reclaim country music generation following recruitment parsons began lure away proposed concept album idea blend parsons later term cosmic american music essence hybrid roots music forms primarily oriented country music encompassing american folk soul rhythm blues rock roll contemporary rock come musical background firmly rooted successfully persuaded incorporate country influences music past beginning song satisfied mind album turn turn turn songs younger yesterday notorious brothers albums pronounced country feel featuring renowned guitar player session musician lead guitar time spent singing old country songs parsons convinced parsons concept country oriented version work parsons passion country rock vision convinced abandon plans album follow parsons lead recording country rock album parsons persuaded record album country music capital nashville tennessee bob_dylan blonde blonde albums reservations band new direction decided expand declining audience group long time producer little interest producing proposed concept album indicated preference country concept finally march band columbia recording facility nashville tow begin recording sessions sweetheart recording march march march band accompanied prominent session musicians recorded multiple takes songs recording studios music row area nashville recording sessions album continued april hollywood seven songs recorded sessions finishing touches applied tracks recorded nashville songs recorded album included ain delivered country influenced covers unreleased sessions despite change musical style sweetheart album represented inclusion covers provided link previous folk rock incarnation material repertoire recorded trio classic country songs album traditional popularized penned blue canadian sung film christian life written traditional rock song gentle lyrics simple pleasures christianity lifestyle band supplemented older country standards covers couple contemporary country songs convict lament life prison mind tale failing find bottle additionally gave hit don miss water country flavored highlighted band trademark crystal clear harmonies contributions pedal steel guitar piano respectively fusion country soul don miss water perfect example parsons later define self coined phrase lacking country songs folk song repertoire instead contributing pretty boy floyd portrayal real life folk hero outlaw march recording session produced pretty boy floyd saw attempting play song accompaniment feeling dissatisfied efforts finally ceded session player recorded original memories got reputation traditional song pretty songs selected final sweetheart album parsons brought songs recording sessions lazy days years wind written parsons member early train ride florida los_angeles years quicker tempo material sweetheart functions speculation current human viewed successive generations influenced lazy days included final album recorded parsons later band album nashville reaction touring completion music row recording sessions band ended stay nashville appearance grand auditorium introduced future outlaw country star march band greeted conservative audience group play country music establishment fact hair cut shorter normally wore specifically appearance grand detractors audience opened rendition sing home met mocking calls hostile audience hope performance immediately destroyed parsons singing song announced launched rendition wind dedicated grandmother protocol stunned regulars embarrassed ensuring invited play nearly disastrous group appearance program legendary mocked guests interview initially refused play ain eventually playing record dismissed air presence band mediocre clearly upset treatment parsons subject song drug store truck man written pair london song appeared album recording feature parsons left band time returning nashville band played handful concerts los_angeles area addition pedal steel guitarist played tracks album april came considerable pressure parsons recruit member band new country material sound authentic concert resisted stated interview declined invitation having failed recruit permanent member band parsons recommended pedal steel guitar player held firm parsons attempts recruit new members band musical direction caused power struggle band finding position band leader challenged parsons pushing higher salary point parsons demanded album billed demand ignored band embarked short european tour england concerts met expressed concern intention tour south_africa summer remained concerns country policies having received blessing south african singer convinced rest trip south_africa interesting experience meeting rolling_stones play important parsons departure band months later post production group return california post production work sweetheart album disrupted parsons appearance album contested contended singer contract record label legal problems resolved replaced parsons lead vocals singing infuriated parsons late told interview erased vocals parsons featured singing lead vocals songs wind mind life prison speculation decision record parsons lead vocals entirely motivated threat legal action desire decrease parsons presence album according producer songs lead vocals replaced christian life don miss water years featuring sharing vocals final album version parsons lead vocals weren completely songs heard despite having voice overdubbed master recordings songs original parsons vocals restored prominence finally issued box set master recordings featuring parsons lead vocals included bonus tracks disc legacy edition sweetheart legal problems surrounding parsons appearance album resolved returned england appearance royal albert hall july following concert parsons announced accompanying band imminent tour south_africa protest country policies policy cease doubted sincerity parsons protest believing instead parsons issue convenient excuse leave band stay england hang consequently time sweetheart released august parsons member weeks following south african tour replaced parsons longtime waiting dismissed band soon total parsons line lasted mere months release reception sweetheart released august united_states catalogue item september catalogue item columbia_records launched accompanying print advertising campaign proclaiming country featuring tag line message country sound album notable issued exclusively stereo united_states album released stereo variations united_kingdom album reached billboard chart chart stay weeks failed chart united_kingdom lead single album cover bob_dylan ain released april climbing billboard hot charts second single album released september failed chart despite receiving generally favourable reviews critics country rock style sweetheart radical departure band previous sound large sections group counter culture following alienated contents resulting lowest sales album point august edition rolling_stone_magazine said album new sound like aren good material chosen record way perform material simple relaxed pretty musician ship excellent added interesting album difficult record listen ought easy listening charts bringing home easy thing rolling_stone praised album september issue writing country country powerful relevant country music music today added leave rock drums let know play rock roll noted rock critic robert_christgau described sweetheart article new_york_times tribute country music contemporary reviews album universally positive anonymous review late album typical music pity similarly writing new_york_times november commented latest album rules game country sound sad old fan album distinguished bore recent years allmusic critic noted review album major band gone deep sound feeling classic country parody sweetheart time rock fans viewed country musical routine declare hip cool heartfelt reviewing album pitchfork_media described natural sound utah false portrait people wished makes melancholy charismatic journalist commented review stylus thirty years fans sweetheart remains particularly fascinating example musical ships passing night documenting parsons transformation visionary country rock pop band remarkable sense artistic risk biographer noted album stood work completely divorced prevailing rock culture themes mood instrumentation looked era time rest america recovering recent ultimately experimentation country genre sweetheart slightly ahead time band commercial fortunes international success country rock bands like 1970s demonstrated legacy released time surprising world country music coincided declining commercial appeal sweetheart certainly proposition time release album proved landmark serving blueprint parsons entire nascent 1970s los_angeles country rock movement album influential outlaw country new movements called alternative country genre 1990s 2000s fans opinion sharply divided merits album seeing natural continuation group innovations mourning loss band trademark guitar psychedelic experimentation nonetheless sweetheart widely considered truly influential album country rock album sweetheart album widely labeled country rock released internationally successful rock act pre dating release bob_dylan months country rock album cited safe home parsons previous group genre traced music 1950s beatles covers material beatles sale help stripped arrangements album country music pre sweetheart albums band debut album music big pink released july influential genre sweetheart saw established rock band playing pure country music time album ranked rolling_stone_magazine list greatest albums time named favorite album time year sweetheart went inspire 1980s country duo paid tribute album sleeve album track listing singles ain artificial energy columbia april pretty boy floyd columbia september personnel sources follows release history sweetheart remastered bit resolution columbia legacy series reissued expanded form march bonus tracks featured reissue include got reputation lazy days pretty previously unreleased rehearsal takes instrumental backing track memories hidden track features columbia_records radio advertisement album september legacy edition sweetheart released columbia legacy version album features additional rehearsal versions master takes songs parsons lead vocals replaced presented parsons vocals intact alternate versions rehearsal takes disc legacy edition feature parsons singing songs later released vocals original album included legacy edition album sessions called memories written sung drummer addition includes tracks performed parsons previous group released single featuring previously unreleased alternate versions lazy days got reputation titled reputation release date march recording sessions nashville alternate versions issued reissue bonus tracks final song reissue memories ends begins hidden track radio spot sweetheart legacy edition bonus tracks reissue contains alternative versions songs parsons singing lead recordings parsons pre group tracks disc | Sweetheart of the Rodeo | Music | Albums | 1950 to 1969 albums |
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