question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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What exactly is shame? How do one experience it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Kursgesagt on youtube did an excellent video on Loneliness that explained. Shame is an evolutionary driver of social behaviour, and being social means humans are more likely to survive as we used to watch out for predators and help feed one another. Doing something that doesn't match with what society might expect, tha... | Psychology |
If supermarkets have a defined science/art as to where products are located, why are they all different? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Numerous factors- 1 Store size. Different stores are different sizes, and shapes depending on the area they are situated and the availble space/ planned market.. What works for one floor plan doesn't neccesarily work for another. 2 customers. Customers in different areas like different things, so different branches car... | Economics |
Why do cities and towns "stagger" stoplights so that no matter your timing you'll always be caught at a light? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Background: Served on Transportation and Infrastructure Committee for a major Canadian city. Involved in design/implementation of roadworks, including intelligent stoplight systems. Some background on stoplights: There are multiple kinds of stoplights, the most basic just running on a simple timer-based system. Every s... | Other |
Why is aerosol spray terrible for the environment? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Aerosols used to use Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as a propellant. Essentially a compressed gas that is used to force the material out of the can when you open the nozzle. CFCs were found to be the direct cause of Ozone depletion. CFCs would enter the high atmosphere and react with Ozone (O3) destroying the Ozone layer a... | Chemistry |
What is the difference between well made plastics and ones that break easily? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Picking the right plastic for the job (there's tons of types), spending the extra money to add in glass-fiber reinforcement (if you look on the inside of a drill clamshell where it says like PA6 GF20 that means it's 20% glass fiber), engineering the design to be of a proper thickness and have good reinforcement, having... | Chemistry |
- How do those labour simulators work, and are they safe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So a labor simulator uses electric pads that are placed over specific abdominal muscles. When activated, they send an electric signal to the muscle causing the muscle to contract in much the same way that your brain sends an electric signal to your muscles. To simulate labor, the machine causes the muscles to react in ... | Technology |
- Why do we notice a misspelling AFTER sending a text and not before, even when we proofread it once or twice? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I have noticed that while in the program I'm using (email, text, word, whatever) if I look at it too long, my brain anticipates what is expected but not what's actually there. If I copy it into a different program, or change the font style or color, my brain thinks it's something new and I can pick up the mistakes. Usu... | Technology |
Whats the difference between a psychiatrist, psychologist, and a therapist? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Psychiatrist: a doctor, who went through med school, who prescribes psychiatric meds. Occasionally also provides therapy. Psychologist: person with doctorate level education (PhD) but not medical doctor. Can do a range of jobs: be a therapist, do psych testing, consult for many fields, etc. In USA- school psychologists... | Other |
How can someone sound awful when trying to sing, but when they talk, it never sounds bad? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Talking is not a thing where precise frequences are important. You can say the word "apricot" in a basso, baritone, tenor, contralto or soprano, it will still be "apricot" and nothing else. When you sing, however, you have to maintain the exact correct frequency, if you miss it, you will sing the wrong note. Music is m... | Biology |
Why frozen food smells way less, almost nothing, than when at ambient temperature? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A lower temperature means molecules have less energy and are moving less. When you smell things, that's molecules of those things getting into your nose and attaching to smell receptors. So when something is frozen, those molecules aren't moving around much and not many of them are getting into your nose. When it warms... | Chemistry |
Why does soap feel slippery? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I guess I can try to answer my own question... Lubrication happens when there is a film of liquid separating two surfaces. Soap makes it possible for this film of water to separate rubbing fingers, whereas plain water does not. This happens by two mechanisms. The first being the non-polar end of soap attracts to skin o... | Chemistry |
Why things that move fast in the dark have more "blur" behind them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In general things don't have 'blur'. That's your brain filling in missing information with what it thinks should be there so visual information doesn't seem inconsistent. & #x200B; Like how if you wiggle a pencil just right it looks like it's bending, it's just your brain going 'oh that's obviously some sort of rubbery... | Biology |
How does cruise control in a car work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's a speed sensor on the axle. It measures your ground speed. It sends a signal to a vacuum actuated link to increase or decrease throttle input so that the speed matches your setting. It basically just pushes or releases the throttle. That's the old way. A lot of cars have adaptive cruise control now that use rad... | Technology |
How can the James webb telescope see over 13 billion years back in time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Light takes time to travel, and it travels one light-year (ly) in a year. So if you point your telescope at something that is 13 Billion ly away, the light entering the telescope had to travel all that distance, which takes 13 Billion years. This gives you a 13 Billion year-old look at whatever you're looking at. | Other |
How is it that EMP's destroy electrical components but does not affect our own bodies' electrical impulses? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | EMPs work primarily by generating a huge magnetic pulse. This pulse induces an electrical pulse in just about any electrical conductor. This mainly affects metals, most of which are decent conductors. They have electrons that are poorly bound to their parent atoms, so a strong electric or magnetic field can move them a... | Biology |
Why do we feel sleepy in warm temperature rather than cold temperature ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I learned at least one of the reasons for this from a professor last semester. He's a kineticist (that's a field of chemistry) and very into endurance running -- and he told us just exactly why the perfect running temperature (high 60s to low 70s) is what it is: Pyruvate kinase Essentially, the heat outside actually in... | Biology |
How does paper currency (such as the US Dollar, or Euro) increase or decrease in value? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fiat money (tl;dr paper money) only has the value that the market places upon it. The best way to measure a currency's value is to compare it to a historically stable currency (frequently the US Dollar or the Euro). Rapid inflation occurs when those making investments panic about their investments and pull their money ... | Economics |
How can something safe to eat, but not inhale, or vice-versa? I get that different systems process things differently, but why? What is chemically changing here? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Eating something dumps that thing into a vat of strong acid that starts to break down whatever is there. Then it goes on into your intestines to meet enzymes which break off the last little bits and your body can grab what it wants. Your lungs don't have that process and worse, it's a place where things get to go strai... | Biology |
What causes the "singing" when you drive over bridges or certain types of asphalt at high speeds? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Regularly- and tightly-spaced bumps, basically. Same principle at work when you run your fingers down the teeth of a comb, strum a washboard, or something like that. This is most noticeable on bridges with road surfaces made out of some kind of metal grid (to let water through and reduce weight, mostly). With regular r... | Physics |
Does removing the appendix make your immune system weaker? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | No. Your appendix contains lymphoid tissue, but so does pretty much the entire length of the bowel, so it’s a loss of a very small segment of tissue overall. And if your immune system is weakened by the loss of some lymphoid tissues, you’ll just make more. There’s several organs that are big producers of immune cells (... | Biology |
What is happening in your brain when you get that "off" feeling after watching something particularly disturbing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not a psychology expert, but speaking from experience, sounds like dissociation/depersonalisation. It can happen after any trauma, including secondhand. People have different thresholds for it. It's not evil in itself--it protects you, in a way. The problem comes if it lasts longer or arises at times seemingly out of t... | Biology |
Why do most cakes and dessert recipes call for eggs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In a cake, eggs act as a leavening agent, thus making cake light and fluffy. In baked foods like cookies, muffins, etc, eggs add moisture and act as a binder. I don't eat eggs, so I always look for the eggless version of things. There are substitutes for eggs depending on what you are baking. | Chemistry |
Why does sleeping in a car feel different than normal sleep? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | URL_0 Basically, when traveling, only half of your brain is asleep. The other half stays alert to any changes etc so that you may be able to respond to anything it views as a threat. But in a car (instead of in a house) your body also experiences a constant movement (part of highway hypnosis) that makes you sleepy. So ... | Physics |
Why and how does smoking cigarettes kill you? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some people live longer (or shorter) lives due to their genetic makeup. But here's the thing...smoking has been shown overwhelmingly to decrease the years someone will live cancer-free across the spectrum of that genetic makeup. In other words, if you would have lived for 90 years before getting cancer without smoking,... | Biology |
What was gold replaced by FIAT money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fixing the value of money to the price of a commodity which has, normally, very stable prices (due to limited production and demand for non-monetary purposes), effectively ensures stable prices. Gold fit those needs better than most commodities. However, it leaves governments with very limited capability to expand or c... | Economics |
Why aren’t the oceans warm if the Earth’s core is so hot? Shouldn’t the Earth be one big heated pool? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The crust is much, much thicker than the oceans. The crust is 20 miles thick. The deepest part of the ocean is about 6-7 miles deep. The average ocean depth is 2.3 miles deep. Under the crust is almost 2000 miles of solid mantle before you get to the hot liquid core. | Chemistry |
How are some infinities bigger than others? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The thing about math is, in some ways, it's like a game. The rules are whatever we say they are. Math is a human invention so all of its rules and definitions are whatever humans have come up with. So we have decided that, in math, we can have things called sets. Sets are just like collections of things. And sets can h... | Mathematics |
How is it that helium is a rare element needed for X-rays that we will run out of but is used for silly things like balloons and voice modifiers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Helium was stored as a government essential gas, however policy changed so that storage was no longer regarded as essential so the store was sold off and people used it for balloons. Helium is constantly being created on Earth, but the gas is also lost to space, it may become more difficult to extract, however it isn't... | Chemistry |
Can AIs really learn things? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You may be interested in Alan Turing's landmark 1950 paper [*Computing Machinery and Intelligence]( URL_0 ). It is not technical and is readily accessible to the layman. In it, he introduces the concept of the famous Turing Test, but often overlooked is his treatment of various arguments about why machines cannot be in... | Technology |
Why do some greenscreens look painfully obvious and lower quality than others? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A myriad of reasons ranging from a poor camera setup and staging/lighting of the green screen plates to limitations of the vfx software/compositor skills in pulling a decent key of the foreground object. There are relighting/edge blending issues that also have to be addressed when combining the foreground fill/matte an... | Technology |
What really is information/data on an atomic scale? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Information is an emergent property, it isn’t a “thing” in the same way protons and electrons are. We can for instance assign meaning to an arrangement of matter and it now “holds information” despite nothing at all actually occurring to the matter in question. For example we might point at a flag and say “If the enemy... | Physics |
How is looking up a hash table O(1), but looking up something in a normal array still O(n)? What's the difference between a hash table and a list of hashes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Accessing an array is O(1). Perhaps you mean searching for something in an array. If the array is ordered then searching is O(log(n)). For an unordered array the search is O(n). Hashing means taking the search key and processing it in some consistent way to produce a single number which you can then use as the array in... | Technology |
How do we improve the tech of batteries? What is the difference between battery produced decades ago vs present vs future? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The main improvement of modern batteries is power density. The more power we can get from less mass the better. One of the new major limitations on batteries we have is cooling large batteries. We can make huge or super dense battery packs but we won’t be able to cool them efficiently. Electric car batteries are as com... | Technology |
Why does ground coffee not coagulate like other powders? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So coagulation only applies to fluids, solid powders cannot coagulate by definition. I believe what you're referring to is clumping, which is almost always due to moisture. The powder will stick to wet surfaces/itself trying to absorb water. This is only present in soluble powders, or essentially dehydrated mixes which... | Physics |
If you drop some coffee on the ground, once the puddle dries you'll see the edges are much darker than any other part, indicating that the sediment tends to gravitate towards the edges of the puddle. Why? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's the coffee ring effect. The water at the edges evaporates quicker (as the drop is fattest in the middle, so a surface area thing). Water, carrying the coffee suspension with it, then travels to the edges where the volume decreased. Now you have even more coffee suspension on the edges (because that doesn't evapora... | Physics |
When pavement is really hot and seems to be emitting heat waves over the top of it, what exactly are we seeing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Specifically what you're seeing is light bending at the boundaries between different densities of air. Hot air rising off the basement is less dense than the cooler air above it (which is why the hot air rises). As the two temperatures and densities of air mix, light refracts at the boundaries between them. Since they ... | Physics |
how does hawking radiation work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So in Quantum Field Theory, there is a concept of things called "virtual particles". These virtual particles form in matter and antimatter pairs, on such short time scales that they are definitionally unobservable, otherwise they wouldn't be virtual. At the edge of a black hole, some weird physics happens, and these vi... | Physics |
161 life sentences plus 9,300 years without parole. Terry Nichols was sentenced this in 1995. Please help me understand what that really means? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If, somehow, his conviction for one charge were overturned, there would be 160’other charges to allege error with before he could be released. It’s also a way of acknowledging each individual death and reminding any parole board or pardoning president or governor of the magnitude of his crimes. When he dies, his body w... | Other |
If hot air rises, why does only the top of the lake freeze, and not the bottom? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Water is weird in that its solid crystalline form takes up more volume than the liquid, meaning ice floats in water. As cold air cools the top layer of water it does circulate in convection, but once the top freezes it no longer sinks and instead acts as insulation for the rest of the water mass. | Chemistry |
How do rocks and minerals form? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | First, to start off with, a rock is simply a collection of minerals that has been aggregated into a single unit. The definition of a mineral is more involved, but still simple. A substance is a mineral if: 1. It is solid. 2. It is inorganic. 3. It is natural (not man-made). 4. It has a specific chemical formula*. 5. It... | Chemistry |
why, in the UK, student loans are seen as a bad thing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I think the reason is that we seem to have regressed. In other words we've gone from free tuition 20 or so years ago to £9000 a year. Couple this with the possibility that more than 50% of students may never pay back their loans, thereby leading to a loss to the taxpayer (when the measure was meant to save money), and ... | Economics |
If I drink something poisonous, would it help to drink lots of water to dilute it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends on a lot of factors such as the specific poison, how much you have taken and how it effects the body. If the poison is something your liver can filter out then yes drinking water may help as it will help reduce the rate at which the poison is absorbed into your blood and therefore even the load on your liver... | Biology |
How does mortgage amortization work ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So let's say you borrow $100,000 for 30 years at 6% (those numbers are to make the math easier to follow rather than being realistic). The loan payment is calculated to be a fixed amount that pays both the interest and principle back over the loans life. To do that each payment slightly changes how much interest and pr... | Economics |
Why does coffee smell so much different than it tastes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s because our sense of smell and our sense of taste are both a part of our sense of flavour but they are seperate senses. Our noses can detect over 50,000 different chemicals. Hot coffee releases loads of delicious smelling chemicals that our nose detects as “sweet” and “rich”. Things like vanilla and flowers and ch... | Chemistry |
Why does the head on a soft drink collapse faster if you touch it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The natural salt and oil on your finger breaks the surface tension of the bubbles and makes them easier to pop, that salt and oil then mixes with the liquid that made that bubble and now touches more bubbles, which does the same to them, causing a chain reaction of collapse. | Chemistry |
What's the difference between a "startup" and just a new company? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s mostly branding these days but a start up is typically a tech company that is funded by investors and intends to lose money for a few years while doing something innovative, risky, and new. Often a start-up isn’t designed to be profitable ever but instead get purchased by a larger company. So, if you just open a s... | Economics |
If Google homepage had one banner ad how much revenue would it generate in a day? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For google or the company advertising? Paid by click? Google has 3.3 billion daily searches, 3,300,000,000 views, with 10% of searches resulting in clicking online ads Thats 330,000,000. With 1.6% of those meeting the paid per click requirements, So we have 5,280,000. With Google charging $1-$2 dollars for advertisers ... | Technology |
What is camera obscura? How and When it happens? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you have a large TV screen facing a wall 2m away. The light from the TV is hitting the wall, but you can see a picture on the wall. It's just all fuzzy. This is because the light from the TV shines out in all directions. The top of the wall is getting hit by light from the whole TV. Now suppose you put some kin... | Technology |
Could anyone explain to me Limits at infinity? I'm having a hard time grasping topics related to calculus:( | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Basically you want to know what happens to a function when you plug in really really big numbers. For example, let’s say you wanted to know the limit as x approaches infinity of 1/x. Well, what’s 1 over a million? Pretty small right? What about 1 over 100 million? Even smaller! You can keep doing that over and over, an... | Mathematics |
Why do a lot of out of tune people singing together sound not out of tune? Or at least not as out of tune as compared to if they all sang as individuals. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your brain is good at understanding patterns, and what things are "supposed to be." If one person does something wrong, your brain says "that's wrong!" but if multiple people are doing different things wrong then your brain can pick out the "right" parts of the singing and focus on that. If everyone sang something comp... | Other |
What exactly is the financial repo market? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Simply put, time is money - having cash sitting in your bank account, even for one night, is a lost opportunity. So when the bank accounts of commercial banks exceed or are under their legally mandated reserves, they loan/borrow it out with a repurchase agreement - this is where the term repo comes from. Basically, Ban... | Economics |
How do tl;dr bots work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are [a bunch of ways this can work]( URL_0 ), but I'm going to explain one of the simpler ones. You know how Google originally got their great search results? They had a clever algorithm called PageRank that looked at which web pages link to each other. Web sites that got linked to a lot by sites that had high Pa... | Technology |
Why does the answer in a series of operations change when you don't follow the PEMDAS rule? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | PEMDAS is just grammar we decided to use for writing math. All that matters is that it is consistent. You could easily mix up that order to make it read differently. You just would need to make sure other people understand you. Like if we all agreed to speak like yoda then that would be okay, but it would be confusing ... | Mathematics |
Are physics laws the same wherever you are in the universe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is a general assumption that ultimately there is some fundamental rule or rules driving everything. If we were to discover that a physical law was different in different part of the universe, then we would not consider that a fundamental law anymore. Whatever meta-rule describes the change of our old law, would b... | Physics |
Why are user names not case sensitive? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In situations where the username is used as a displayed name, case sensitive usernames would enable someone to attempt to impersonate someone else just by registering a new account with a different permutation of capital/lowercase letters. The same applies for web domains. For emails, case sensitive addresses would res... | Technology |
Why is it that when you multiply 2 negative numbers, the negative sign cancels each other out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine the number line as a walking path and you always start at 0. The first sign is the direction you face and the second sign is whether you take your steps forward or backwards. So 3x5 is the same as +3 X +5 so you face the positive direction (+ sign in front of 3) and take 5 steps forward (+ sign in front of 5 in... | Mathematics |
what is Axis of Evil in astronomy and why is it troubling astronomers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The name's a little melodramatic; there's nothing "evil" about it. Current models of the early stages of the universe (colloquially the big bang theory) suggest that the universe should be roughly the same no matter where you look. A single massive explosion should throw off matter in all directions. There's something ... | Other |
Why is it that a "slice" motion is often more effective to penetrate than just a forceful "chop?" | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Blades are never perfectly sharp but instead always have different degrees of micro-serrations. And "stuff" like hair, skin, tomatoes, etc, is inherently more resistant to direct pressure, even from a "sharp" blade than we expect. But when you bring those serrations into play by slicing it's a different story all toget... | Physics |
Why are there ‘name-brand’ pharmaceutical drugs if doctors and pharmacies prescribe and provide mostly,if not always, generics for those same drugs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The inventor of a drug has exclusive rights to it for 20 years from when the patent is filed. Much of that will be part of the FDA approval process, so effectively they get to sell the drug exclusively for 10-15 years. Only after that do we see generics. By then, the name brand is well known, so doctors and patients wi... | Economics |
when will things get back to normal and we won’t have to worry about social distancing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When there is widespread access to a vaccine, or we find a magical treatment that can prevent this from developing into pneumonia. Widespread accurate antibody testing would also make a big difference, but may not quite get us back to normal. We are easily looking at another 1-2 years of this. Settle in. | Biology |
- why do things in the background appear wobbly when heat rises if it is transparent gas? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hot air rises because it have lower density then cold air. Different densities of air have different optical properties. So you end up with light refracting and bending as it moves between the different layers of air. Since the boundaries between the layers are wobbly and constantly moving light will change direction a... | Physics |
What do people mean when they describe something as a “banana republic”? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A banana republic is a country with an unstable or tenuous political system -- generally some form of oligarchy -- and an economy dependent on the export of cash crops or natural resources. The classic examples were Honduras and neighboring ~~South~~ Latin American countries that were exploited by American industries i... | Economics |
On products like sodas or snacks it states something along the lines of “not for resale” or “not to be sold individually”. How do things like concession stands get away with this? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The manufacturer sells them in bulk to be used for things like concession stands, but they aren't barcoded and they don't have the appropriate nutritional information on them to be sold individually as there are packaging laws that have to be followed. Concession stands are exempt from these sorts of rules, as they are... | Economics |
What is the difference between the regular, ultra, and premium types of gasoline? Is the premium actually better for your car? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Octane rating, the higher grades withstand higher compression without detonating. Inside the engine, air is sucked in and mixed with fuel, and then compressed and then ignited with the spark plug. However is you compress it too much it ignites before the spark plug sparks, that's very bad for your engine. Cheaper cars ... | Chemistry |
How does an international debit/credit transaction work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are 5 parties in any card transaction: the purchaser, the issuing bank (the bank who issues the purchasers card), the payment network (Visa, MasterCard, etc.), the merchant's bank, and the merchant. The merchant and the purchaser approve the transaction. The point-of-sale system, using the payment network, sends ... | Economics |
How can be sound turned into digital? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Through a process called "sampling". In this, the position of the microphone membrane (amplitude) is measured at a regular time interval and stored as a number. When reproducing the sound, these numbers are then converted into a voltage applied to the speaker - which then moves the same way the microphone membrane did.... | Technology |
Mathematically, if you add an infinite sum of decreasing positive numbers, how in the world can you not reach infinity? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > But since you are adding up an infinite number of positive numbers... Yeah, and each one is smaller and smaller than the last. If you do it in steps, each number you get is larger than the last, so you'll always get a bigger number after you add the next step. However, since you're adding a smaller and smaller amount... | Mathematics |
Why is smiling not allowed on passport photos? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recommends that passport photos be taken with a "neutral expression" (you can't smile or frown) for use with facial recognition (FR) systems. FR technology requires certain standards. When a mouth is open on a passport photo, it makes it difficult for the FR to work ... | Other |
How do we know that photon has no mass? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Preempting the comments like "Well a 5yo isn't going to understand *that*" by pointing out Rule4 and the fact that OP already used the technical terms "mass" and "photon". One of the things that happens when we look at things moving at relativistic speeds (say 10% of the speed of light and upwards) is that their effect... | Physics |
If the outer anatomy of your ear was removed leaving just a hole in the side of your head, how would your hearing be affected? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your [pinna]( URL_1 ) does a lot of things for your hearing. Perhaps most importantly, it subtle shapes the pressure waves that make up sound as they pass into your ear canal in different ways depending on the location of the sound. Determining left/right orientation of the source of a sound in complicated, but it invo... | Physics |
how the moon is formed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When the earth was still very young, another, smaller planet (about the size of Mars) called Theia collided with earth. The debris launched out into space first formed a ring system (similar to Saturn) and then the debris collected to form the moon. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the fact that the recurr... | Physics |
if water has to be 100° to become steam. How come you dont get heavily burned in saunas? Or the shower? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | What we often call steam is just water vapor that has started to become visible (condense) due to different temperatures of the water vs air. Water vapor can exist at many temperatures. Just like "steam" from a pond on a cold fall morning won't burn you, neither will steam in a 40C sauna. But keep your hands away from ... | Physics |
Is there any connection between heat and likelihood / severity of sunburn? E.g. it is 25 degrees centrigrade in one country and 45 in another. Assuming their is no cloud cover in either and other variables are the same, would you be more likely to get burnt in the hotter country or as likely? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends on the UV index, ultimately, which depends on a lot of factors, such as: * Air quality (dust can block UV light) * Altitude (Air itself blocks UV and the less air/higher altitude, the less protection) * Reflective index of the ground (lighter ground reflects more UV, giving it 2x the chances to burn you) * L... | Biology |
Why do things always look farther away on a camera? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It basically all depends on the lens you're using. Most cameras that we use, such as those on cell phones, have a relatively wide field of view. The wider your lens, the further away the subject will appear. The opposite is also true, where a much less wide angle lens, or a telephoto, will make the subject appear close... | Technology |
What does it mean when they say nothing existed before the big bang? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We don't know that 'before the big bang' is even a sensible concept. Our knowledge of the universe, is necessarily constrained to within the universe, and is insufficient to fully understand how the universe 'came to be' (or indeed, if it even had a beginning). So we don't know what was "Before the big bang" or if ther... | Physics |
How do we know that the value for e and pi supercomputers compute are correct? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | you don’t just ask a computer “what are the first million digits of pi?” we’ve known since long before modern computers how to compute digits of pi. these super powerful computers just let us do it faster. we know they are correct because we told the computers how to do it | Mathematics |
Why is Taiwan compelled to use "Chinese Taipei" as their national sporting team name? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Taiwan is not officially recognised as independent by most countries. China claims Taiwan is part of China, and they will refuse to have diplomatic relations with any country which recognises Taiwan. Since China is the bigger and more powerful of the two, most countries choose them over Taiwan. It's further complicated... | Other |
Many elements found in nature are radioactive. I understand that they are probably generally in low concentrations, but you'd think with billions of people spread out all over the world, random radiation poisoning would be much more common. Why isn't it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Uranium is not that radioactive that is why it still exists on earth. The common isotope U-238 has a half-life of 4.5 billion years. U-235 is more radioactive with 700 million years half-life but only 0.7% of natural uranium is y-235 Still, there is a risk with it because there can be a large amount in regular rock lik... | Earth Science |
How did the voice in our mind work before we were able to speak or communicate through languages? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Probably a lot like it does in people with aphantasia, of which I am one. I do not have an inner monologue. I can "speak" in my head by deliberately planning words to say and then not saying them aloud, but unless I do that, my internal mindspace is completely silent. In my case, my thoughts are governed by pure emotio... | Physics |
What exactly is a country's economy a measure of? And how accurately (if at all) does this reflect living standards? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually people measure a country's standards using GDP per capita, it's the gross domestic product of each person in a country. It's basically the measure of the nominal GDP(this year's prices times this year's quantity) over real GDP(base year price x this year's quantity). Of course it's more in depth, but this is a ... | Economics |
On oil rigs in the ocean, what is the big flame for? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Gas flares are used to burn off natural gas released during the mining process. Natural gas is a much bigger pain in the ass to store and transport in meaningful quantities than oil, but is released by the mining of oil. As a result rigs end up burning off the natural gas - it's generally less environmentally damaging ... | Other |
Why does bread being thawed from frozen not go soggy, but if you get water on thawed out bread it does go soggy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you freeze bread you don't add water. Then you thaw it and the only water there is was in the bread from the start. There is nothing that could make the bread soggy. Ice is frozen water which many people associate with *cold*. But not everything that is cold is water. Bread has some water in it, that's why a littl... | Chemistry |
how can a proton turn into a neutron in Beta Decay? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It doesn't make sense because you're missing a few end products! Your intuition was spot on. Beta positive produces a positron and electron neutrino. A positron is an anti-electron--the positive charged counterpart to an electron. edit: (beta negative produces an electron anti-neutrino as well fwiw). I'll let someone w... | Physics |
what is socailism, if someone can explain to me in simple terms? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The problem is that what a speaker *means* when they say "socialism" varies by speaker. Broadly, socialism *actually* means that the workers own the means of production. "The means of production" means the things used to do work, like factories, farmland, and the like, which - under capitalism - are owned privately. Th... | Economics |
Why do you feel more full from consuming some forms of calories (protein, salad) than other forms (Cheetos?) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Calories isn’t what goes into your stomach. It’s the types of food that makes you feel full. Cheetos (I don’t know if you’ve noticed) break down easier than most other foods. These snacks that are filled with calories will be metabolized and used quickly compared to denser foods. (Simple v. complex carbs) | Biology |
Soap cleans our hands, what cleans the soap? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Nothing cleans the soap. Or, rather, it's cleaned by being removed. I'm sure you've noticed that your bar of soap gets smaller as you use it -- it's being removed from the bar as you rub it on your body, and it's carrying the dirt and grease away as it goes. | Chemistry |
What makes you a good singer? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Great question! Lets define "good" in two ways. There are "good" singers that are merely okay, or are very good but only at a couple things, however they are called "good singers" because they're incredibly popular or well-loved. Then there are "good" singers that employ excellent technique and artistry. Many times the... | Biology |
Why do some rivers create the Grand Canyon and others barely cause any erosion? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's interesting because at first glance you might think it's all about age: maybe it's because the Grand Canyon is super old and the other rivers aren't as old, right? Seems reasonable. Interestingly enough though, the Colorado River is fairly young. Estimates put it at around 3-5 million years old which is but a frac... | Earth Science |
How are so many bits stored in a terabyte hard drive? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Different for HDD and SSD. HDD is just a very thin magnetic layer, the trick is to magnetize just a very small area by applying a short impulse of magnetic field with your read/write head. So it's pretty much like a CD, a bit is like a tiny "hole" but it can be overwritten. SSD is made like a CPU. Very tiny switches in... | Technology |
Why are there so many Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable installations on my computer? Surely one for each year is enough? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Each program will require a specific version of the library, and if 2 programs point to slightly different versions we can't just pick 1 because, while unlikely, using the wrong version could result in different things happening. So, why so many versions? Well, patches mainly. A lot of bugs get found over the course of... | Technology |
My state put a small income tax ( 0.1% or so) to fund its public transit system. Why not just raise ticket prices to do the same? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Raising the fares would cause more people up find another way to get to work, so it would actually hurt the transit system. It would also hurt the people who can least afford to have a higher cost, while a higher tax subsidizes the poor with the income of the rich who would never consider taking the bus. | Economics |
What is the Fourier decomposition technique? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | i don't know how it applies to astrophysics, but i see no answers so i'll write what i do know basically, fourier decomposition is breaking down some function into simpler trigonometric functions. literally any function can be turned into three parts. 1- a constant 2- sine waves 3- cosine waves this applies to ANY func... | Mathematics |
How are news broadcasting companies alerted so quickly about serious crimes and other newsworthy material? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There’s an organization called the Associated Press (AP) that collects stories from news-gathering organizations worldwide and publishes them on what’s known as a “wire” service, which is an electronic real-time news feed. This was happening as early as 1914, when it used telegraph wires (hence the term “wire service”)... | Other |
Why do your earbuds emit a high pitched noise whenever you walk past the detectors at a library? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because the detectors transmit a signal that interferes with the amplifier in your audio player. Those detectors work in a couple of ways - One is where the signal they transmit is picked up by a coil in the book, which is connected to a small chip that transmits it's number whenever it gets power. The coils pick up th... | Technology |
It seems clear that subatomic particles aren't solid little spheres, what are they? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Bear with me, physicists, this is super ELI5... Subatomic particles are both an infinitely-small dot, and a spread-out fuzzy cloud representing the chances that this dot will be seen at any given location. But that gives the wrong idea that the dot is the real particle, and the cloud is just a description of it. But in... | Physics |
What makes isopropyl alcohol better at sterilization than soap, for example? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you use soap you don't exactly kill germs. Instead, you wash them off the surface they're attached to. Therefore there is a chance that some of them will remain on the surface. Alcohol on the other hand along with the washing capacity also degenerates (kills) the germs so even those that won't be removed from the ... | Chemistry |
Why are exclusivity deals not classed as monopolies? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A monopoly, one that requires antitrust law to be invoked, is far more complicated than preventing competition. They fall under three main categories: & #x200B; The Sherman Act - Companies conspiring to restrain foreign and domestic trade by fixing prices, rigging bids, and allocating customers, among other things. Thi... | Economics |
what causes inflation, and what is the purpose of it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Currency and wealth are two different things. Wealth is any that have value for human (natural resources, products and services). Currency is just a representation of that wealth for easier trading. There is a relation of supply and demand between currency and wealth. The demand is the wealth, because the more wealth y... | Economics |
How has the Panama Canal effected fish and wild life in the Atlantic and Pacific that previously had no interaction? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Marine life can physically traverse the canal and locks. However, the Panama Canal connects two salt water bodies together with roughly 40 miles of freshwater. So, while the fish could physically traverse the locks and canal, it is unlikely that they would survive the 40 miles of freshwater travel needed to pass throug... | Biology |
How do sinkholes happen out of nowhere? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Since what's happening beneath the road or soil is mostly invisible sinkholes appear to come out of nowhere but in actuality a lot was happening under the ground. Most of the time it is soil erosion, and when it gets to a point where the soil can no longer support the structures above ground, a sinkhole happens. | Physics |
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