question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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What is the proposed "heat death" of the universe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Energy doesn't really like to be confined in one place. It much prefers to spread out as much as it can. In fact, this "spreading" of energy is what causes everything in our universe to happen. The heat death of the universe is essentially maximum "spread out-ness" of energy that the universe can possibly have. But onc... | Physics |
What is a basic intuition for Gödel's incompleteness theorems? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Take the sentence, "This sentence is false." Is it true? Well, if it is, then it's false, so it's not true. So it must be false. If it's false, then it must be a true sentence (it says so itself!), so it's true. Wait a minute...something weird is happening, and you might intuitively recognize that it's because the sent... | Mathematics |
What is going inside a fly's brain ? Why do they keep flying in the same spot for minutes ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Their brains are more like tiny machines with sensors. No rational thought, or new ideas. New patterns in behavior cannot be taught to their family, it has to be inherited through genes, where mostly only small changes occur. Over vast periods of time, the ones that were best at finding food, avoiding predators and mak... | Biology |
How has the total US currency in circulation doubled in ten years without the value being affected that much? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is more stuff. mv=pq is a basic equation used in economics. m= amount of money v = velocity basically how fast a given dollar changes hands in one year, dont worry about this one. p= price of stuff q= quantity of stuff. This means that when you up the money supply that means either prices will go up, or the amoun... | Economics |
Why when you breathe in and out really fast it makes you dizzy ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Breathing is just as much about carbon dioxide as it is about oxygen. CO2 isn't just a waste product that you want to get rid of - your body actually uses it as a buffer to keep the acidity of your blood balanced. CO2 isn't an acid itself, but it does turn into one very easily (carbonic acid). So the more CO2 there is ... | Biology |
If companies keep lowering wages for workers and pump their product prices, aren't they shooting them selves in the foot? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1. are they? lots of companies that are famous for this like amazon, walmart etc are actually making things cheaper by reducing labour costs - look at the relative cost of food now to 50 years ago for example 2. Assuming you're right, it depends on what they sell. doesn't really matter if my chandelier engineers can't ... | Economics |
Why does HSBC have almost half of its assets in US and Europe when Asia generates ~95% of their pre-tax profits? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because moving those assets to Asia would not be advantageous. There's no reason their assets need to be geographically proximate to where their profits come from, and western countries tend to have highly developed and stable legal systems and regulatory frameworks which are what a bank like HSBC relies on. There may ... | Economics |
When streams lag, why does the resulting images then look the way the way they do? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To save data, streams usually work by sending *keyframes* (full images) periodically and communicating the *changes* to those keyframes rather than sending a full image for every frame. What you're seeing is the changes without a full keyframe. The outline of the player changes rapidly because one side of it is the pla... | Technology |
Why is chicken meat called chicken and lamb meat called lamb, but cow meat is called beef (not ‘cow’) and pig meat is called pork (not ‘pig’)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When England was ruled by the Normans, their version of French was the language of nobles and (what would become) English was the language of the commoners. Thus, noble things (like eating a fine meal) have Norman French names, and peasant things (like farming) have English names. Mutton (sheep meat) comes from the Nor... | Other |
What stops telephone companies from being able to identify and block robocallers (including ones who use caller ID scrambling)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I test a corporate phone system as my job. They can't stop robo-callers because: 1) Content and intent are not included in the routing information. 2) Legitimate businesses use Automated systems for valid purposes, let letting customers know special order or packages have arrived for pickup. 3) It's super easy to spoof... | Technology |
What do Negative Ion bracelets actually do? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not just about where he's pushing but how he's pushing. Pushing outward pulls you off balance. The outward pull is hidden in that he's also pushing down, but he is really pulling on you and causing you to lose balance. When he puts the bracelet on, he pushes straight down as to not alter your center of balance and... | Chemistry |
why is a PhD usually structured to take about six years? Are there ever shortcuts to take less time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because a PhD represents a level of education in a subject notably beyond a 2 or 4 year degree. You can only absorb information so fast. I mean yes, if you complete all of the degree requirements before six years and the college allows you to you could complete it faster, however again, there's only so many hours in th... | Other |
What is motor oil actually made of and why is it called a “fossil fuel”? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Motor oil, like gasoline, is made from crude oil and crude oil comes from the ground. Coal, crude oil, and natural gas are all considered fossil fuels because they were formed from the fossilized, buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Because of their origins, fossil fuels have a high c... | Earth Science |
How do baseball sized hails stay supported in culumonimbus clouds long enough to form that mass before they fall in hailstorms? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The hailstones travel up and down inside the thunderhead, gaining mass and size on each leg, cycling up & down several times. They are trapped in the updrafts, and at some point get so heavy that they fall to the ground. The updrafts in those storms are very powerful, and provide a lot of lift. | Chemistry |
How does a DNS server works? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | An often-used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as the phone book for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. For example, the domain name URL_0 translates to the addresses 93.184.216.34 (IPv4) and 2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946 (IPv6). Unlike a pho... | Technology |
How does bailing out massive industries with millions or even trillions of dollars compared to the general population help improve the economy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If some big industry goes bust it often has huge knock on effects. For example if airlines go bust this will make it harder for hotels, if they go bust it makes it harder for restaurants and shops that rely on tourism. If these all go bust it's a lot of people suddenly out of work with no obvious way to replace those j... | Economics |
What does nondeterministic polynomial time mean; what is the entire idea of P vs NP problems? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is a rather techical question that probably doesn't fit well an ELI5. I'll try. TL;DR at the end. So, there are many problems that you can address with a computer, such as the task of finding the best route to visit a bunch of places when touring in a city, or the task to find the best team of people to send to th... | Mathematics |
Betting odds! 4-1 odds. 7-4 odds. What does it mean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Those style of odds are called "Fractional odds." The first number is how much you win relative to how much you bet (the second number) So 7/4 odds mean that if you bet $4, and the outcome happens, you win $7 (plus your original $4.) 4/1 odds mean that if you bet $1 and it happens, you win $4 (plus your original $1) | Mathematics |
How does a chemical buffer work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A buffer solution is made of a weak acid/base and a solution of the “conjugate” base/acid You’d have to be a true mad lad to use HF as a buffer, but it is a simple weak acid that I’m going to use for demonstrating: Your buffer solution is a mixture of HF (hydrofluoric acid) and NaF (sodium fluoride) The NaF fully break... | Chemistry |
How are we able to infinitely reproduce but we die of age because of DNA damage? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sperm and egg cells are very different from normal cells. They only have half of the DNA required to a real cell, and they don't actually last that long once they are matured/produced. The single-cell human (called a zygote) they produce is undifferentiated, as it matures into a human the undifferentiated stem cells ar... | Biology |
Why do not airline have parachutes for everyone when the plane is about to crash? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1.) The vast majority of accidents occur during/near takeoff/landing. Parachutes won't be of much use if you are seconds away from a crash. 2.) At the altitude commercial airlines fly at, chances are a lot of people jumping out will pass out from hypoxia if supplemental air masks aren't included, and might fail to open... | Other |
Is being a heavy or light sleeper a psychological or physiological thing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | All humans sleep both deeply and lightly; it's a part of the sleep cycle. If you seem to be in lighter sleep more often or all of the time, it's possible you have a medical condition of some kind (i.e. sleep apnea). Similarly, there are conditions that could lead to unusually deep sleep, but they are extraordinarily ra... | Biology |
What is happening in your brain when there’s a word on the tip of your tongue? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The technical name is lethologica. There are multiple explanations, but the brain is complex and none of them have ever been fully proven enough to become the theory. One is by remembering the features of the word stronger than the word itself your brain is unable to retrieve the actual word. Instead it recalls things ... | Biology |
What is GDP and why is it a measure of a country's wealth? And if a country continuously has an export deficit, wouldn't it run out of money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | GDP (gross domestic product) is how much the whole country makes in a year. It's kinda like how much a person earns in a year, but spread across the whole country. Wealth is the value of the things you own (including savings). GDP measures income not wealth. But just like how people who make a lot of money, own a lot o... | Economics |
How do we predict solar and lunar eclipse? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Orbital mechanics! While not entirely true, you can imagine the moon and Earth as if they move on rails. Orbits are more or less the same every time, so we'll treat them like rails (like railroad rails, if you're unfamiliar with the terminology). Big invisible rails in the sky. They move at speeds which change slightly... | Mathematics |
Why do some countries drive on the left and others on the right? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Left hand driving has its roots in the Roman empire, because Romans steered their chariots with the left hand and fought with the right. Right hand driving came about because Napoleon was left handed, so he often rode his horses on the right side of the road. The choice between left hand and right hand driving comes fr... | Other |
Why does the moon cause waves in the ocean but not on smaller bodies of water like lakes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Firstly, the other responses suggesting that tides are not waves are incorrect - tides *are* waves, they just have a very long wavelength (and are not related to the smaller, wind-driven waves that we colloquially call 'waves'). To actually answer the question, it's because lakes are generally too small for the tidal e... | Physics |
How do nuclear power plants work? Specifically, what exactly happened at Chernobyl? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some materials - most famously certain types of uranium - are *fissile materials*, which means that when hit by a specific kind of radiation (neutron radiation), their atoms split and release a lot of energy, and, very importantly, more of the same radiation. This means that enough of this material in one place will en... | Physics |
Why do consumer buy from retailers instead of manufacturers/ wholesaler when it is cheaper? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ease of access to the consumer and ease of sale for the manufacturer. So first of all a company manufactured a product. They could sell this product themselves but that means having possibly huge marketing and sales teams as well as premises etc. So instead they sell in bulk to distributors/retailers. This also has ano... | Economics |
Why are guys and girls handwriting so distinctly and recognizably different? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some people have theories about differences in neurology and motor skills between boy brains and girl brains, but these are supported by very flimsy science. The simplest and most likely explanation is just that boys and girls are taught in different ways and held to different expectations. If boys get made fun of by t... | Biology |
How do calculators solve complex problems like matrices graphing etc. do programers have to write out every solution or are there shortcuts? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ingredient 1: Computers are machines that perform simple operations VERY fast. Ingredient 2: Most complex math can be decomposed into (or approximated by) simpler math. For example, imagine that you know how to add 2 numbers. Well, with that tool, you can also multiply numbers (by performing several additions) and even... | Mathematics |
What exactly happens when you pass out from pain? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | What occurs when you pass out from extreme pain is a form of what is known as *vasovagal syncope.* Syncope means to lose consciousness and vasovagal refers to effects on the vasculature/vessels (vaso-) from the Vagus cranial nerve (-vagal). When you experience sudden and extreme pain, the information is sent to an area... | Biology |
how is everyone's fingerprints unique? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well we don’t actually *know* that every fingerprint is unique. That entire way of thinking is purely statistical. It has been determined that the chance of two people having identical fingerprints is 1 in 64 billion. It’s called deductive reasoning, and there has never been a case of two people’s fingerprints matching... | Biology |
statistics you see on tv like "every 15 seconds a accident happens." For claims that large how do they get that data? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They know the statistics for the total number of accidents over a certain time period. Then they use that to determine the average for a different time period. For example, if they know there are 2.5 million accidents in a year, they would divide that by 365 days per year, then divide by 24 hours per day, then divide b... | Mathematics |
Why do most plastics turn white when you bend them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | First of, this phenomenon only occurs for a certain kind of plastics. When you deform those by bending or stretching them to the point where they won't revert to their original shape, you induce permanent deformations that change the microstructural organisation of the molecules that the plastic is made of. This causes... | Chemistry |
Why is it easy to ride a bike but impossible to stay on when it comes to a stop? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A bike is interently unstable while standing still. You can try to balance a bike without a rider and notice that it will pretty much fall over each time you try. That is because the center of gravity and the contact point of the tires are not perfectly aligned. Any deviation from perfect alignment creates a torque whi... | Physics |
What causes those trippy visual patterns that happen sometimes when you close your eyes tightly? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Our brain doesn't do a good job of experiencing "nothing". If a sense isn't detecting much of anything but our brain is still active, it will take the tiny signals it *is* receiving and amplify them. These signals aren't "real", they're just little fluctuations in our nerves, but the brain *thinks* they're real and so ... | Other |
Why does it get almost impossible to talk, if you are close to crying? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I’m guessing you’re referring the “lump in your throat” or “getting choked up”. The lump you feel isn’t actually a lump, but the feeling of opposing muscles in your throat—specifically the glottis, or the opening between your vocal chords—working against each other. It’s known as the globus sensation, which relates to ... | Biology |
What are EMPs (electromagnetic pulses)? and how does an EMP jammer work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So imagine that people can communicate in a pond by making little ripples that go across the surface. Some use big, long ripples to go far, others with little short ripples that only go a short distance. Then, someone throws a big rock into the middle of the pond. Suddenly, there are so many ripples that no one can tel... | Physics |
Why do brownies get that lighter brown flake layer on top after you bake them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Good question! What you're actually seeing on top of the brownie is a thin layer of meringue. Meringue is made by whipping up egg with sugar, but that flaky crust isn't quite the fluff you expect from a meringue. What's happening in the brownie is that some sugar is rising to the top and melting - forming a shiny surfa... | Chemistry |
Why does working in front of computer or watching TV decrease the rate at which your eyes blink? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Eyes blink less when actively being used to concentrate on and process information. When using a computer, that's all you're doing. It's similar to blinking less while working on homework or writing an essay. When things become rote, like crocheting, you'll begin to blink more as you depend less on your eyes. | Biology |
Why does better quality music( 320 Kbps, and so on) occupy more digital memory? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Just like with an image, higher resolution = bigger file size. The bit rate of an audio file (ie 320 Kbps) is essentially the resolution of the song. Higher bit rates = more bits of data per second of music. It has absolutely nothing to do with musical notes like one of the previous answers suggests. | Technology |
How do bubble boy people with defective immune systems stay alive long enough to get into a bubble without getting sick? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Obviously the defective immune systems vary to a degree so the "bubble boy" is only the most direst of cases. They may have limited access to places but the short answer is that they rely on something called "herd immunity." In the worst diseases, they are either globally rare or we usually have a vaccine for the bug. ... | Biology |
What in the world is Escrow?? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I have to give you money, but I don't want to let go of the money until I have the goods. You have to give me the goods, but you don't want to let go of the goods until you've got the money. Who will take the risk? Well, we can just hand our stuff to a third party who is insured, so neither of us has to. The third part... | Economics |
Where do my antibodies get stored when I’m not using them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some are stored in the spleen (that's why after the spleen is removed because of accidents or so, vaccinations might have to be repeated), but yeah, your body also learns how to produce them. Making an antibody that fits is a trial-and-error thing, they body will produce some and test if they work. So if you are vaccin... | Biology |
why are countries sometimes referred to with female pronouns? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So, English as a language doesn't really differentiate between masculine and feminine words and conjugation. However, a lot of the languages that English borrowed pretty heavily from (particularly the Latin languages, and Latin itself) *do* have differences in conjugation that will use masculine or feminine forms (e.g.... | Other |
Why do strange bugs show up when you leave cardboard/variants put away for a long time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Cardboard and is mostly processed wood, an organic material. Which means it's food for some organisms. If you add a humid environment, like that associated with warm weather, and lack of light, bacteria and mold can now grow on your cardboard. Which means that there is now food for slightly larger organisms - > bugs - ... | Other |
Why were humans able to globally standardize units of time but still struggle to standardize other units of measure? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is no struggle, the world has standardized on the international system of units, commonly called the metric system. Even in the US, where feet and miles are still common, those units are defined, legally, in terms of their metric counterparts. The adoption of the metric system by US consumers has been slowed by t... | Other |
Why does water stay stationary in a bowl? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is Newton's First Law of Motion: "In an inertial frame of reference, an object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by a force." When you turn the water tends to remain at rest. The walls of the cup turn and friction drags some nearby water along too, but the center d... | Physics |
Why does water go gluglugglug when we pour it too fast? Will it take a shorter time to empty the container if we pour a bit slower? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because air has to fill the empty space the water leaves behind it. If you have a container with another hole large enough to suck air in behind the water (while the contain is pouring), it'll pour faster and not have the mentioned issue. Alternatively if you can spin the container for form a vortex as the water pours ... | Physics |
What is a trust fund and how do they work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A trust fund is usually a money account controlled by a third party (usually a bank of some sort) with rules around how and when money can be withdrawn. This can be ideal for kids who would otherwise have access to very large amounts of money: the Trust can be set up so they get monthly sums instead of a giant open ban... | Economics |
Why do objects with a higher thermal conductivity feel colder to the touch? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They only feel cold to the touch if they're colder than our skin. If they're hotter than our skin, they'll feel hotter than something with lower thermal conductivity at the same temperature. This is because our body can't detect temperature. All we can detect is rate of heat transfer. The faster the heat transfer (in e... | Physics |
If earth is getting heavier, why is the moon slowly going away from earth and not towards earth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The tidal waves are caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon. But similarly the moon is attracted to the tidal waves. But the Earth is rotating faster then the moon and therefore also the tidal waves. So every time an island or continent overtakes a tidal wave it will push the tidal wave forward in the rotati... | Physics |
How does Schönehage-Straussen multiplication work and why is it so much faster for computers to perform than traditional multiplication? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So first you need to remember that multiplication really means adding multiple times. So normally to multiply 12x31 you'd need to go: 12+12=24 24+12=36 36+12=48 and so on.. 31 times in a row And that would be very long. So we all learned in school how to do it faster. That faster method is basically to multiply units a... | Mathematics |
How do life insurance companies stay in business? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Term Life Insurance is only valid for a particular time frame. Say I'm a healthy 30-year-old man. Chances are I can get a fairly inexpensive ten-year policy, since there's not a huge chance I'm going to die between 30 and 40. When I turn 40, that term life insurance policy expires. All of the money paid in during that ... | Economics |
How do we not kill off bees by harvesting their honey? Don’t they need the honey to survive the winter? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Bees will just keep making honey forever, they don't need all of what's in their hive and in fact if they overstock enough, the hive gets too crowded and they swarm (leave to form a new hive somewhere else) and something like 75% of all swarms die. Collecting honey keeps the hive manageable for the bees. Also hives in ... | Biology |
How exactly does the FED's money enter/effect the market? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The usual way they inject money is by buying government bonds. Today a big part of what the Fed announced was that they were essentially going to inject money into the repurchase (repo) market. Basically the repo market is way for financial institutions to fund themselves on a short-term basis. Generally what happens i... | Economics |
why flies always land on us? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The salt from our sweat, the warmth of our body, the carbon dioxide trails from our breathing (this is more applicable for mosquitoes than flies as far as I know), and innumerable other chemicals that we constantly secrete make us attractive to flies. In the wild, thet settle on cattle to drink the secretions. They fol... | Biology |
Why does vision in darkness have grain? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You have two types of receptors in your retina. Cones are good at picking out fine detail and color while rods are better with picking out contrast and movement. In low-light settings, differences in light coming to your eyes are much more subtle and the cones don't function well. So you don't get fine detail, and what... | Biology |
What is the difference between milk chocolate, dark chocolate, and extra dark chocolate? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Oh man the first ELI5 I can answer! I'm a pastry cook and I love chocolate! So technically the true chocolate classifications are white, milk, and dark. If there is a chocolate labeled "extra dark", it's just an extra marketing term. (Semi-sweet is a subclass of dark because it does not contain milk) The main ingredien... | Chemistry |
What does it mean when a country's GDP goes down x%? Is it worrisome because it's a symptom of something bad, the cause of something bad down the line, or both? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It means that the amount of money that traded hands within the country went down x%. It is worrisome in some regards. If less money trades hands, it means that there is less demand for labor so unemployment will go up. The desired value of GDP growth per year is 3%. If that doesn't happen it means that the country (I j... | Economics |
How do lenses create magnification? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Think of it this way, flat glass lets light pass through it perpendicular to the glass. If a lens is fat in the middle, the light passing on one side tries to meet in the center, making things look bigger. It’s also why you can burn stuff with a magnifying glass because you’re fitting all the light that would normally ... | Physics |
Why do people tilt their head down to listen after they've knocked on a door? Does the ear capture sound better when the head is tilted down versus straight ahead or up? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Do mean: .... when someone knocks on your bedroom door to talk to you. Or knock on the front door. And I'm going to assume its awkward to keep eye contact when they want to talk you or helps them remember what they were going to say or they are listening through the front door. | Other |
How does any number to the power of 0 equal to 1? (5^0 = 1) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Start with some givens: x^1 = x x^2 = x * x x^3 = x * x * x Every time you increase the exponent, you're adding an X to the list to multiply. So x^2+1 = x^2 * x If adding 1 to the exponent is the same as multiplying by the base (x), then subtracting 1 from the exponent is the same as dividing by the base. x^1 = x x^1-1... | Mathematics |
What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The earth is like a cracked shell. Each piece of the shell is a plate, and these plates are resting on top of a very thick and hot liquid called magma. There are convection currents in the magma, i.e. parts of the magma is swirling, convention currents make the plates move. Sometimes plates bump into each other, someti... | Other |
When banks print/make new currency, say they decide to make £1million, how is that broken down into the various denominations? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | My understanding...(no expert) The denomination of printed / manufactured currency is decided based on what is needed to be in circulation for example when ATMs only issued denominations of £10 this led to a reduction in the number of £5 notes circulating. They were being banked but not recirculated. The banks were tol... | Economics |
. Why are fossil fuels bad for the environment? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1) We have to tear up the environment in order to get them. That's damaging on its own, but then if there's an incident at a plant that extracts these oils or with a ship that is transporting these oils, then it causes an even more harm to wildlife, water supplies and soil quality. 2) You have to produce a lot of pollu... | Earth Science |
How does our brain make the difference between smells? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your nose senses a specific combination of molecules from the air. That information is sent to the brain and processed there. If its a familiar smell your brain links it to the memory of having smelled this specific combination before and you think of the type of fruit for example. Good or bad are decided by previous e... | Chemistry |
Is there a difference between microwaves used for mobile networks and microwaves in microwave ovens? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To make this a lil easier to understand, let's use another more familar form of electromagnetic energy: visible light. Same basic principles apply! Using your cell phone and its towers to communicate via microwaves is like getting a message from someone who's flashing a light on a hilltop far away. His light doesn't ha... | Technology |
How is soap simultaneously made from fat and an effective remover of fat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because you modify the molecule so one end is polar and can be dissolved in water. Fat is hard to remove by water because it is non polar and is not easy to mix with water but soap and alcohol have polar and non polar ende. So is can form a layer around other fat so the outside can be mixed with water and you can disso... | Chemistry |
Do cats actually remove dirt by licking their paws and rubbing their faces? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you had thick fur covering your face and paws, yes it would work. It sort of works like a washing cloth would, giving you more grip instead of just mushing the dirt around. Also a cat's tongue is different from other animals' in ways that make it better at grooming so that helps a lot too. | Biology |
What are the reasons people say communism/socialism does not work with larger populations? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sweden is not a socialist economy. It's a social market or social democracy. Socialism doesn't work in Sweden, since Sweden is not socialist. The underlying economy is a market. People have private property, businesses, and employment. Businesses have owners, shareholders, dividends, and profits. Transactions are for t... | Economics |
Why do your muscles shake when doing specific exercise? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why do my muscles start shaking/vibrating when I lift a weight heavier than I am capable of? ]( URL_5 ) ^(_5 comments_) 1. [ELI5: why do muscles tremble when lifting heavy objects? ]( URL_6 ) ^(_ > 100 comments_) 1. [ELI5:Why do muscles start shaking... | Biology |
What are those guys shouting on the floor of the stock exchange actually doing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Quick point of order - Outside of the movies and the Commodities exchange in Chicago there are very few or any open outcry markets left. So a floor of people shouting isn't really a thing anymore. What they *were* doing was buying and selling. They are shouting because it's loud as all hell and they need to be heard as... | Economics |
What does it mean when Wall Street gets a $1.5 trillion bailout? Who gets paid, and why? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is a means for banks to convert assets into cash. Sort of like a pawn-shop but for banks. The idea is that it allows the banks to continue funding the economy so as not to stifle productive activity. The fear is that with insufficient liquidity, the economy stops - no one makes stuff, no one sells stuff, employees d... | Economics |
How has seafood supplies not been depleted by fishermen? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We have. The Grand Banks off Newfoundland used to be the greatest cod fishery in the world. Depletion by overfishing caused it to close for commercial cod in the 90s. Many other similar stories exist around the world. That said, the ocean is really (really really really) big. Much larger than the area of farmland on ea... | Earth Science |
What is the difference between LCD and LED displays? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | LCD - Liquid Crystal Display LED - Light Emitting Diode Despite having a different acronym, an LED TV is just a specific type of LCDTV. ... Older LCD TVs used cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) to provide backlighting, whereas LED TV's used an array of smaller, more efficient light emitting diodes (LEDs) to illumin... | Technology |
What exactly does the derivative of function *f* evaluated at a point tell you about function *f*? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If I understand you correctly, you're looking for a real-world, or some sort of practical use of the derivative of a function. Is that correct? If so, consider some function f(t) for the distance an object has traveled away from some object for some range of t. What is the maximum distance it reaches (what is the local... | Mathematics |
if numbers are finite, why do we use /100 or 100% to measure limit? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because we have a base 10 numbering system, so multiples of 10 are generally easiest to use. Since multiples of 10 are so easy, some people in ancient rome used fractions of 100 quite often before there was a decimal system. They called it in latin "per centum" meaning "for each hundred," and we kept that around, but s... | Mathematics |
What is a Riemann Surface and why is it significant? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm currently just being introduced to the topic of complex variables, but I think I may know what Riemann surfaces are. Since I don't know your math background, I'll start off by saying that complex variables are just numbers involving both a real component and an imaginary component (represented by a number followed ... | Mathematics |
What is mRNA? What is it’s potential and far along in development is it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Super simple here. Say you wanted build something....back in the day you would have gone to the library and found a book that had plans in it. You would have copied those plans and taken them home and built the thing. DNA is the instruction book, the library is the nucleus. Your copy of the instructions that you wrote ... | Biology |
How do $1 pizza slice places in NY make money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Two ways: First, flour is cheap, tomato sauce is cheap, and you can use a surprisingly small amount of cheese on a surprisingly big pizza. Second: barely. Despite their pretty favorable ingredient costs, pizza restaurants run on thin margins. Rent is expensive, and at 50¢ gross margin a slice, it's hard to sell enough ... | Economics |
Is the practice of "Creative Accounting" in Hollywood different from accounting practices in other industries, and is it inherently unethical or illegal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Oh, it's definitely unethical, but not illegal. If your neighborhood plumber charges you $500 to replace an old toilet, but your brother, who is also a licensed plumber, charges you $2000 to do the same job, that's not illegal to use your brother. That's the basics of hollywood accounting. I'm not going to find the low... | Economics |
How do live traffic maps work, and how was this technology developed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Pretty much anybody who is using google maps has agreed to share their location data with google. So they are able to see where you are, how fast you are moving, and how many others are near you. They use this to give you alerts to slowdowns, accidents, and other obstacles. | Technology |
Why do some speakers have an very broad frequency response? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sound engineer here. Frequency response reaching beneath our hearing range might be beneficial mainly because of two reasons 1. Frequency response isn’t a stiff limitation. E.g. 25 - 25000 Hz means the speaker is capable of reproducing the sound in that range within a given margin (usually 3 dBs). It means, for example... | Technology |
I've heard a bunch of gym goers talk about muscle memory, and how if you were in shape before then its easier to get back in shape because of muscle memory. What can some experts tell me about this? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | scientific answer: when we gain muscle, we're making new muscle cells. when we lose it, we don't lose muscle cells but the individual cells get smaller. its then easier to get back to our peak strength because we don't need to make new cells again, just bulk up the ones we have. | Biology |
Why can't we live just off of sunlight energy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Biologically? Even plants can't live off sunlight alone, and they sit around all day. They still need essential nutrients and water from the soil, despite the fact that they don't move. Cold-blooded animals (like reptiles) move little and do get some energy from UV light. That's why you might see lizards sitting under ... | Biology |
What exactly is software maintenance? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1. Bug fixes. No software is perfect, and sometimes bugs are only found after the software has already been deployed for years because some user used it in an unexpected way. 2. Adaptation to updating environments. Perhaps certain features provided by the operating system have changed or some features the program uses ... | Technology |
Why is it a bad idea to pay off one loan with another loan? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You pay interest every month on a loan. If the second loan is much shorter and/or at a lower interest rate this can be a good idea to save money overall. That's called "refinancing" and it happens all the time. If the new loan isn't really different than the previous one then you're just wasting the loan origination fe... | Economics |
why are wooden barrels "barrel-shaped" (i.e., wider across the middle than at the top and bottom) rather than cylindrical? Wouldn't cylindrical containers be easier to build, store, and transport? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Barrels that are full are VERY heavy. That's a lot of liquid. So you want things that are easier to handle, not just move. And barrels have that bulge that makes they way better for this than a cylinder that's shaped like the cardboard in a toilet paper roll. First, a barrel that has a rounded-outward middle is actuall... | Physics |
Why dont we raise space ships with balloons before using rocket engines to escape earths gravity? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The physics are complex, but simply put, look at a Goodyear blimp. The blimp (the actual envelope containing the helium) is huge relative to the tiny cabin attached underneath. Now, replace the tiny cabin with a spaceship made of materials capable of sustaining atmospheric re-entry, fuel for the round-way trip, plus wh... | Physics |
why can't you divide by zero? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Okay so say you have 10 apples. You can put those apples into 10, 5, 2, or 1 group/s quite easily. You could even put them into 4 groups by splitting 2 of the apples in half. How many apples would be in those 0 groups? How do you put 10 apples into 0 groups? The answer is that you cannot physically put those 10 apples ... | Mathematics |
What is a hyperparameter in machine learning? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The "parameters" are usually things to describe the actual pieces of the neural net, i.e. the individual weights between connected nodes. Ultimately those are determined by the algorithm as a result of training. The "hyperparameters" are the settings for the whole setup of the network and training. Things like the lear... | Technology |
How does the wifi bridge work on my phone? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hey that’s a neat feature! I’m not intimately familiar with the specifics of your phone, but I do have a fair knowledge of networks. What’s most likely going on is exactly the same process that 4G hotspot uses, but only involving wifi. Basically the laptop is connected to the phone via some means (hotspot wifi, Bluetoo... | Technology |
What’s the science behind stomach aches? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The stomach and all the other tracts of your digestive tube have a muscle layer around them. Stomach aches often times are due to that muscle layer contracting very hard because of a variety of stimuli, which include food poisoning and as said above, inflammation. There are many other kinds of stomach pain though, whic... | Biology |
Can the lack of brain training lead to memory loss as we age? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | What exactly are we calling brain training? The apps that claim they are training your brain have no scientific basis. The idea is if you make yourself think your brain will get trained to think. This is faulty logic in my opinion and does not protect from any of the age related diseases associated with memory loss, li... | Biology |
Why does a video stop and show the buffering icon when the grey bar which runs ahead of the main progress bar in them is still much ahead? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This depends a lot on what player you're using, but could be because the player is supposed to have a certain amount of data buffered (say, 5 - 10 seconds or so) and has dropped below that threshold. Or there could have been an error in the data received, so the player is attempting to re-download the corrupt data. | Technology |
why does music make us feel so good? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I don't know if anyone can answer your question, but my thoughts on this are that humans look for patterns in their environment. I think that this is biological, to make them better hunters. So basically whenever something adheres to a pattern, we find it pleasing. Music is very patterned and so almost all humans I hav... | Psychology |
How are protons and neutrons held together? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Protons and neutrons are made of particles called *quarks*. Quarks are, as far as scientists know, fundamental particles - meaning, quarks aren't made of even smaller particles. Quarks are made of energy, concentrated in the quark field. Quarks have something called *color charge*. To be absolutely clear: **color charg... | Physics |
Why does more sound also make sound louder? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The amount of "loudness" is determined by the amount of energy that is shaking your eardrum. The more energy, the louder it is. There's a difference between how loud the same energy level of different pitches seems, but for now we'll just consider two people talking which is close in pitch so we can ignore that factor.... | Physics |
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