question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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Why is hand sanitizer bad for the environment, but washing hands with soap is not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not about the environment, it's about artificially selecting for tougher and tougher germs. It's evolution in action. *And alcohol-based hand sanitizers are not the problem!* Alcohol kills germs just fine. Chlorine bleach, if you use a product based on that to sanitize your kitchen counter, kills germs just fine. ... | Biology |
Why can't scientists just bump an electron off of mercury to get gold? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | That is not how it works. When you bump an electron off a mercury atom you get a mercury ion. [However scientist have turned mercury into gold before.]( URL_0 ) They shoot neutrons at mercury until it sticks and radioactively decays into gold. The thing is they have to shoot it really hard for it to stick, this is much... | Chemistry |
Why can't "developing" countries just copy "developed" countries to improve their living standards? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Why can't you copy Lebron's basketball skills and be as good as he is? It's all there, for the world to see... except he's an exceptional talent with years of practice. It takes *time* to develop something. Western Europe had literally *centuries* of development to reach it's present state. China did it in decades beca... | Economics |
What do CEO's of Forbes 500 companies do exactly and why they are so generously compensated? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Their two key jobs are selling the company to investors and setting the company's strategy. They get paid a lot partly because the executives are a sort of reward for all the lower level managers, and partly because good strategy earns the investors a phenomenally large amount of money so even a small share is an enorm... | Economics |
My internet was being slow < 5Mbps so I called my ISP and they were able to send a signal to get it to 500Mbps, how does this work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are a whole range of things they might have done. \- They might have just rebooted your router. Sometimes a simple reboot fixes things. \- They might have assigned you to a different IP segment. Maybe the router you were going through is having issues or is overloaded. \- Maybe they discovered that your router's ... | Technology |
. Why do so many bees drown in swimming pools? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you're a bee. You are thirsty. The edge of a pool seems like a nice place to get a drink... but wait.. it's not a nice edge like the edge of a lake or pond, you can't really get a grip. You fall in and as much as you try to find an edge or shallow area, a way to escape.. you cannot. Chlorine is not good for the... | Biology |
Why do Southeast Asians have lighter-skin colors compared to other peoples at the same latitude? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | China has had a huge influence in that region for most its history. The Thai-Kadai peoples (Laos and Thailand) are native to south China around Guangxi (where the Zhuang still are) and migrated to southeast Asia during the time China was expanding (~1200 years ago) which displaced Austroasiatic peoples like the Khmer (... | Biology |
Why does microwaved food seem to go cold faster than oven- or stove-heated food? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It takes longer to heat something in the oven then in the microwave. So if you heat something in the oven it is going to get a very even temperature. However in the microwave the food does not have time to even out the temperature. So you can have some parts of the food at boiling temperatures and other parts at close ... | Chemistry |
Why is the Sun Yellow and the Moon White? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I think this perception is more so that we accociate the sun with being yellow and the moon being white. However, this is not the case for either. You are right in that the sun emits more yellow light than other wavelengths, and due to scattering of the atmosphere, we see a yellow sun at sea level. The same thing happe... | Physics |
Why does the general curriculum in schools require everyone to take math classes of algebra or higher (high school and above) when the majority of the population only uses the basic math skills, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division throughout the majority of their lives? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The same reason you learn about cell division, the War of 1812, and Catcher in the Rye, things which are also unlikely to come up in your everyday life. The purpose of school past the first few years isn't to get you set up with everyday knowledge - it's about improving critical, analytical, and logical thinking, givin... | Mathematics |
Can someone explain who Getty Images is and why their name is under almost every photo online? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Getty Images, Inc. is stock photo agency, which is also a supplier of stock images for business and consumers. So Whenever book uses their images they need to give credits. P.S. *Who is Mr. Page you see in every corner of every damn sheet.* Edit: Agency's owners name is MARK GETTY. | Other |
Why temperature and speed affects braking force? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Elementary physics is idealized. It typically assumes that the coefficient of friction is constant. In real life, the friction coefficient will change depending on temperature. The brakes are designed to operate within a certain safe temperature window and typical driving. For cars (not sure about planes), the brakes a... | Physics |
What is Ideal Mechanical Advantage and how can I calculate it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ideal mechanical advantage is the number that your force is multiplied by in the absolute best case scenario when using a simachine (no friction or other ways to lose force applied.) How it's calculated varies depending on the machine you're using but can be generally expressed as: amount of force output divided by, fo... | Physics |
Why is there a considerable time delay in sending and receiving emails but none in messaging apps like Whatsapp or Insta ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Email protocols are as old the internet, and go through many servers before they arrive at their destination. Whatsapp for instance uses the XMPP protocol which address some of the issue faced with email. But it wasn't meant to replace email as such, it was meant to replace IRC (internet relay chat). So because they ar... | Technology |
Does cooling a sealed bottle/can of soda and then letting it come back to room temperature cause it to lose carbonation? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | No. The sealed bottle or can is much closer to an enclosed system than an open container - it can stay very well carbonated for months. It would be a reasonable simplification to say that the carbonation hasn't changed at all. However, there is another property that is important, Solubility. When you open up the can, t... | Chemistry |
why are US schools funded by property taxes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Cynically: So that wealthier people don’t have to fund schools in poor school districts. With a giant dose of race related politics in the US thrown in. You can see this play out in the post-segregation era where a lot of predominantly white suburban areas split off from the cities they surrounded to form their own sch... | Economics |
What exactly is a normal distribution? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A normal distribution shows that it is more likely that numbers in the middle will occur than numbers at the end. Like in a class, few people are likely to get 95 or higher, and few people are likely to get a 65 or lower. You're likely to get a lot of grades in in the 80-85 range. An easy example to think about is roll... | Mathematics |
Why does having someone else scratch my scalp feel so much better than scratching my own? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you scratch your own scalp, your attention is divided between the act of scratching, and the perception of being scratched. If someone else scratches your scalp, you can devote your entire attention to the sensation of being scratched. It is also true that in evolutionary terms, primates have groomed each other lo... | Biology |
Why does drinking sugary drinks make me even more thirsty? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your body has difficulty distinguishing between high salt and high sugar levels so it tries to excrete the overload via the kidneys and triggers the impulse to drink more water. You should test for diabetes if this happens to you because it's one signal that your body is not releasing enough insulin to mop up the exces... | Biology |
Why do scalp and muscle massages feel so much better when someone else gives them to you? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The current understanding as to why it doesn't feel good when we try and massage ourselves is linked to a feature of the brain called "efference copy". Basically the brain cancels out or ignors certain signals in order to operate more efficiently or effectively. Have a look at the definition: [here]( URL_0 ) | Biology |
What does people mean when they say that a computer system runs on different architecture from another computer? Like when somebody says that an emulator can run N64 games faster theoretically but because of different architecture in practicality it cant? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Processors each have their own language. In technical terms it's what's called an "Instruction Set Architecture". It defines the words that that a computer uses to do things. For instance one computer might have use "ADD 2 2" to compute 2+2. While another computer might use "SUM 2 2". When someone writes a piece of sof... | Technology |
Why can my heartbeats sometimes shake my entire body with each throb at 110bpm but not feel the same when my heart rate is 150bpm or higher? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Except at extremes, heart rate plays into pulse strength less than blood pressure does. While higher blood pressures can cause more noticeable heartbeats, the strength of a heartbeat/pulse is also largely dependent on something called the pulse pressure - the difference between the top blood pressure number (pressure w... | Biology |
How do antidepressants such as Prozac help major depressive disorder? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The major theory is that depression is caused by (or results in) an imbalance of chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain. All antidepressants work by increasing the levels of these chemicals in the brain, by different mechanisms. Most evidence suggests serotonin is the most important neurotransmitter involved in dep... | Other |
why is glitter nearly impossible to remove from your skin? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The moisture on your skin. Water molecules are polar (have a positive charge on one side and a negative charge on the other). These molecules attract to each other like little magnets. As the molecules create these bonds the glitter bits become surrounded. The glitter gets trapped in a "web" of water molecules. All the... | Other |
How do we lose consciousness when we fall asleep? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm not an expert on this topic, but I'll make an attempt. Our brain has several parts that perform their own tasks like processing vision, recognising words, keeping your lungs breathing etc. When many of these parts work together, it creates processes that enable you to recognise a song, solve math, have conversation... | Biology |
When a country's capital is assigned an 'Elevation above sea level', how do they measure that. Part 1... Don't know what the stats are but some are bloody miles from the sea. Part 2... There's hills in that place so is it an average? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sea level is standard because water will all settle at the same elevation in the sea. "Sea Level" is actually properly referred to as Means Sea Level(MSL) as it's really an average. To measure distance from sea level we use air pressure. It has to be finely tuned depending on the weather as that will alter the reading.... | Other |
If the bottom of an iceberg is surrounded by water, shouldn't the iceberg slowly melt? Isn't water warmer than ice? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Where icebergs form, there is no or almost no temperature gradient between the water and the iceberg, so they can last in those waters for centuries. Once they float a bit further south (or north) from their formation point, they encounter slightly warmer water and melt. But some icebergs are enormous - so large that i... | Chemistry |
Why do some diseases tend to localize to specific areas while others remain more general? For example, Hand, foot, and mouth disease, or genital herpes. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I suppose you're talking about communicable diseases. It all depends. But for viruses for instance, they can never infect a cell unless they bind to a receptor and get internalized. Not all cells express a receptor for a given virus, for example that's why you don't get the flu in your leg it binds to receptors in your... | Biology |
How did Russia, a country that lost an insane amount of people in WWII, manage to become a superpower a few short years later? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | it's true Russia lost an insane amount of people during WW2, both against the axis powers and from within, but they had an incredibly huge pool to pull from to begin with. not to mention that they were one of the few countries in the war that enlisted both men and women to fight, helped to broaden the manpower pool. Th... | Economics |
What happens to the formation of ice when in a vacuum? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ice is less dense than liquid water not because of air getting trapped. It has to do with the intermolecular forces between the water molecules. The physics can get hairy, so I suppose it's enough to say than when water freezes, the chaotic yet quite significant hydrogen bonds become spatially ordered in a lattice that... | Chemistry |
How does cognitive behavioral therapy work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you want to know, I completed Cognitive Behavioural Therapy during my high school years to help combat my PTSD and Depression. What are your questions exactly? Like what kinds of things they got me to do? The point of it was to rewire how my brain thinks. Redirect thoughts and impulses. | Other |
When you first light a candle, it oftentimes makes a “pop” sound and the flame flares up a lot before dying down and leveling off. What causes this? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For the candle to light there must be wax evaporating from the wick. As you heat up the wick to that point, you can get a small cloud of unburnt wax vapor around the wick. When that cloud ignites you get a teeny tiny FAE (Fuel Air Explosion) that produces the POP!, and the overheated wick continues to boil off excess w... | Chemistry |
What are cookies and why do websites ask me about them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | At its most basic, a cookie is a small text file stored on your computer, which is associated with a specific website and can be read by that website. When they were first introduced, they were designed as a way to "save state": for example, if a website allowed you to change the font size (for example), that setting c... | Technology |
how come scientists/developers cant make phones that capture and send odors,scents,smells? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Smells are actually **particulate matter** that our olfactory nerves inside are noses bind to and send signals to our brains to tell us that that particle is a " < fill-in-the-blank > " smell. For phones to do that, then those devices would have to be able to create molecules and release them for our noses to pick up. | Technology |
What state of mind do we go into while under anesthesia? Are we asleep? Unconscious? Something different? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | “Will I dream while asleep? While under general anesthesia, you are in a drug-induced unconsciousness, which is different than sleep. Therefore, you will not dream. However, if you are under a nerve block, epidural, spinal or local anesthetic, patients have reported having pleasant, dream-like experinces” A medical web... | Biology |
Why do hatchbacks come with rear wipers as standard equipment while sedans generally don't have them as an option? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you’re driving there is sort of a swirling area of low pressure air that will pull dirt and road grime up towards the back of the car. This has a tendency to coat the back of the vehicle and obscure a hatchbacks rear windows. On a sedan that has a trunk, the rear window is not in this swirling dirt area and will r... | Technology |
So how does electromagnetism influence our daily life? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Electromagnetism is one of the two forces that governs every single action you take on a day-to-day basis (the other force being gravity). Electricity is best described as the flow of electrons (like blueberry juice down a river). Any time you produce electricity, you also produce magnetism. Magnetism is best described... | Physics |
Why does the “water drop on beverages” advertisements work? Why does it make us desire the beverage more? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Condensation forms on the outside of a cold beverage container when it's in a warm, humid environment. Having enough condensation to drip down the sides of the container implies that the beverage is extra cold and you're sitting in an extra hot, humid place with it. They're screwing with your mind to make you feel thir... | Biology |
Microwave ovens cook things by shooting radio waves at food, right? So if I put something small in the microwave, and it doesn't catch many... microwaves, are the other microwaves wasted, or do they play some other role? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Microwaves bounce around the interior very quickly so your item has a lot of opportunities to "catch" those waves. But some proportion of them are instead going to be absorbed by things like the walls of the microwave or the magnetron itself. Heating up the magnetron is usually considered to be a waste so those waves a... | Physics |
How do search engines know how long someone spends on your site? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They know when someone clicks a link on the search engine, and they know if someone goes back to the search results after visiting. If people open your site and don't go back, or take a while before they go back, it means they probably liked your site. If they go back to the search results right away, it means they pro... | Technology |
How is gravity not faster than the speed of light? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is a very perceptive question. You have touched on one of the fundamental flaws of Newtonian gravity: the fact that it is "non-local". We know that the speed of light must be constant in all frames of reference, and yet Newton's formulation of gravity requires that gravitating bodies *instantaneously* know where e... | Physics |
Why is photosynthesis so hard to replicate in a machine? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For the second part: because we don't need sugar, we need energy. Photosynthesis is very inefficient, the plants are around 0.1 - 2% efficiency (solar power converted to chemical energy) which is abysmal, and unusable for us. If you want to convert this chemical energy to electrical energy you will lose a big chunk of ... | Biology |
Uranium-234 has a half-life of 246,000 years. How did we measure that if the technology to do that hasn't been around that long? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You don’t need to wait 246,000 years to know. You just measure the decay of a know quantity over a known time period and extrapolate that curve out to when you hit 50% decay. For very long half-lives you need a bigger sample and/or a longer test time and/or a more sensitive detector but unless the half-life is so long ... | Chemistry |
What's the difference between shampoos for straight, curly, wavy, etc? Is there really a difference or is it BS? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | People with different hair textures have different needs. The oil on your hair is made at the scalp, and it over time disperses to the length of your hairs. Now imagine that each hair is a slide, the straight slide is much faster than the curly slide. People with very straight hair get the oil all down the shaft of the... | Chemistry |
Why can we sometimes not see something we are looking for, when it is in plain sight? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your vision isn’t really just raw footage from your eyes. It undergoes heavy processing in the brain, which does a lot of color correction, depth perception, object recognition, facial recognition, etc. This post-processing results in a lot of optical illusions ranging from The Dress, to pareidolia (seeing faces in thi... | Other |
Is there a cycle to hunger or sorts? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | First of all, hunger is caused by lack of nutrients in your bloodstream. Your cells aren't getting enough fuel, they signal for more fuel, and that signal causes the feelings we call hunger. So, when you eat, it takes time for nutrients to get from your digestive system into your bloodstream. So you can eat and still f... | Biology |
what is different about upload and download speeds that makes ISPs give you fast download but barely any upload speed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If an ISP can provide you with X amount of bandwidth, they then have to decide how much of it is divided into download and upload. To make your upload bandwidth higher, they would have to reduce your download bandwidth. The average user will value a higher download speed more, so that's generally what they provide. You... | Technology |
Why does caffeine greatly affect certain people (energy bursts, withdrawal symptoms, etc.) but not others? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are actually multiple reasons for this, but the main reason is your genetics! More specifically, genetics which affect your liver. When you drink caffeinated drinks, the caffeine enters your bloodstream, and circulates around in the blood until it eventually enters your liver. In the liver, the drug (caffeine) is... | Biology |
What's the difference between exothermic/endothermic and exergonic/endergonic? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | An exothermic reaction results in a positive transfer of heat, while an endothermic reaction causes a negative transfer of heat. An exergonic reaction causes a net increase in free energy, while a endergonic reaction causes a net decrease in free energy. What's the difference between heat and free energy? Heat is energ... | Physics |
How can/do we know if mathematics and the concept of numbers to be correct/true? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's a lot packed into this. Most mathematics is based on a series of axioms called the ZFC axioms. That's the most common formulation of the foundation of mathematics (or at least it used to be, can't say I'm up with this and it's honestly way beyond my level). From those axioms we build up the mathematical constru... | Mathematics |
Why are there such strict laws on what can/cannot be done with human remains? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In modernity most of the laws regarding handling of human remains have to do with preventing the spread of disease. Though there are a number that have their roots in religious practices as well. In the US you are allowed to be buried in a number of ways. The normal casket, an old fashioned pine box, a cardboard coffin... | Other |
How do pilots manage to land on runways so perfectly, and not go 10 meters to the left or right and crash? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | FAA licensed flight instructor here! I get excited when an ELI5 is in my wheel house. The short answer is... practice. In calm winds, lining up with the runway's dashed centerline is actually one of the least challenging parts of a landing. It's basically not too much harder that tracking your car down the middle of th... | Other |
Why would someone choose to lease a car versus purchasing a car? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The people I've known that have leased cars do it because they just like having a new car every couple years. It was nothing to do with affordablility, in fact it's the opposite, they didn't mind having a constant car payment, they just preferred not to deal with older cars. They go in, get a brand new car, drive it fo... | Economics |
; Why does higher compression equate to more power in an engine? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not that higher compression ratios create more energy from the same fuel/air charge, it's that they allow more of that energy to be converted into mechanical work by the engine. By crushing the fuel/air charge to a higher compression, you can release more heat energy from the charge per cycle, which equates to mor... | Physics |
What makes each cell in a fetus differentiate into different types of cells? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You've asked two questions here, I'll answer the second (and easier) one first. Gametes (sperm and eggs) are created by a process called meiosis. Basically a cell divides and, instead of getting its DNA being copied to each daughter cell, the DNA is instead split in two so that each daughter gets half. So for humans, e... | Biology |
How do the City, District, and National Governments operate in Washington D.C.? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I lived in DC so I can answer this! Washington, DC is unique in the United States in that it is *not* part of any state or territory, but is instead a *federal district*. As a result, Congress retains the ultimate authority to decide whatever it wants regarding the internal affairs of the District. In 1973, Congress pa... | Other |
Why are there minimum donation amounts? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are material costs involved in donation processing. If for example you gave me a cheque for ten cents, it would cost both you and me more money in bank fees than 10 cents to process them. So especially if its a non cash donation they want you to spend enough that they dont lose almost all of it to transaction fee... | Economics |
If it takes 24-72 hours for food to digest, how come sometimes you can eat bad food and get diarrhea 5 minutes later? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When the body detects something so bad that it needs to expel it ASAP, it can either go up (vomit) or down (poop). When you get sudden onset diarrhea, it isn't necessarily the food that you just ate that is coming out your butt. The body is trying to get rid of the bad stuff in the gut....so all the stuff already in th... | Biology |
why do people zone out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Humans are easily distracted, we've all got a lot going on in our heads at any given moment and sometimes it's easy to get caught up in a deep thought while you're awake in daily life. Often called 'daydreaming', it can happen when you're bored or disinterested in your surroundings, when you're stressed, or a variety o... | Other |
Why do humans start feeling hot and sweaty when nervous? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s the part of your nervous system that protects you when you’re in danger. Your body is designed to run away from tigers and such, not take tests or speak in public. Having your heart rate go up and moving your blood to different parts of the body is useful when fighting a wild animal but not as useful when you’re s... | Biology |
I’ve read that the death sentence is costs the state more than a life imprisonment. Why is this so? How? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | As u/vxngn noted, a large part of the higher cost comes from the appeals. The appeals costs include the attorneys’ time, judges’ and clerks’ times, even juries for retrials after successful appeals. The death row aspect itself also raises costs however; the prisoners on death row are housed separately as well, with inc... | Economics |
How does Greece have so much debt? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is a combination of things and timing. Greece was doing really well in the early 2000’s and money was flowing into the country from tourism and foreign investors (mainly investing in shipping). Leading up to 2008, the Greek government forecasted continued high growth rates and went on a spending spree, mainly in the... | Economics |
How does an explosion cause death? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | From the outside, pressure waves and flying debris crush the organs and cause other damage, causing death. From the inside, pressure waves push organs and tissues out of place at a high rate of speed, never mind the shrapnel from whatever exploded. The sudden, traumatic loss of blood pressure and vital tissues results ... | Other |
Why does sleep help you recover from illness? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You're also (and this is important) **Not Subjecting your immune system to new, and different stressors** with your decreased activity. & #x200B; Imagine it as a point buy system. You generate 100 points per hour. * Operating Cost(Heart beating, steady breathing) is 10 points/hour. **You must buy this.** * Immune respo... | Biology |
How do video streaming services like Netflix or Amazon obtain the original video files from their license providers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Depending on the service, licensor, and contractual agreements, they either receive the file from a digital distributor or they receive a direct upload from licensor to licensee via a portal or API. Digital distributors need some explanation, so: Digital distributors are like physical distributors, but for digital prod... | Technology |
How is it possible to remember entire song lyrics but find it difficult to remember text in other forms? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well, for one, by the nature of things you only really only hear the *good* Songs. Meaning only the best artists, with the best access to mass media and equipment took time to pick out only their favorite and likely successful songs that would make it to your ear. So those songs are incredibly well designed to do one t... | Other |
How do you track the value of a currency? How do you know how much is a dollar really worth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends how you want to track it. If you want to track it in country over time (the value of a dollar today vs. the value of a dollar at some point in the past), you use the Consumer Price Index (CPI), where the price of a set basket of goods used by a large number of American households is tracked over time. This i... | Economics |
On TV crime shows, the police or FBI are always aiming at the perpetrator with the perpetrator aiming back. In real life, is it the same? If so, how do the agents or officers know if the criminal is going to shoot? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Cop here: In real life if someone points a gun at us, we'll generally shoot them until they're no longer a threat. In very limited, specific circumstances where we can't fire (like a bad backdrop), we'll seek cover or move until we have a better shot. For a barricade situation like if they're in a building, SWAT will b... | Other |
How does oxygen work in submarines when underwater? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Depends on the submarine. Non-nuclear submarines have a snorkel they use to pull in air for their primary engine. If they want to submerge completely they typically switch to an electric engine and typically the batteries used to run this will last shorter than the air in the submarine will keep the crew going, though ... | Technology |
What caused the yellow color on electronic stuffs (computers. game consoles) from the 80's and 90's? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | UV and heat can degrade components of the plastic, and the new degraded bits have this brown coloring It is often though that the culprit is a certain bromine based fire retardant, but I’ve also heard it sometimes happened in plastics that don’t have it You can sort of bring it back doing what’s called “retrobriting” w... | Chemistry |
How does Noise Cancelling Work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sound is a compression wave, which means it’s alternating regions of air pushed together and pulled apart, hundreds of times a second. If the headphones put out sound that pushes during the pulls and pulls during the pushes, adding them together ends up with no variations at all - so no sound. | Technology |
How does spacecraft send images back to earth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | By radio. Like your cell phone, images are digital structures. The spacecraft uses a network connection to send those structures as a series of packets. For example, the InSight spacecraft on Mars uses the two Mars Orbiters as relays, just the same way your phone uses the local cell towers. The orbiters send the data t... | Technology |
Why do manned rockets re-enter the atmosphere so fast? Why can't we just really slowly come down so as to avoid the heat friction? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Slowing down requires fuel. Fuel is very heavy and taking it up with you is difficult. The more fuel you have, the more fuel you need just to haul the weight of that fuel along with you. It's much easier to slow down by just slamming into the atmosphere and letting the air act as a brake. | Physics |
- How is there snow on the Himalayan mountains if the peak of the mountain goes above clouds? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The majority of clouds that produce your major rain/snow are much lower in the atmosphere yes. But clouds can go all the way up to 50 to 60 thousand feet, twice the height Everest, and all clouds are made of some sort of water/ice crystal. So even If you don’t get as major cloud systems depositing snow, there is still ... | Earth Science |
What did the KGB do during the Soviet union? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I acknowledge they use inhumane methods (and I'm not apologetic for what they did, just stating what the did), but it is basically the "internal security" for the Soviet Union: safeguarding the Soviet Union against perceived or actual threats like political dissidents, nationalists/separatists, and, terrifyingly, anyth... | Other |
My state put a small income tax ( 0.1% or so) to fund its public transit system. Why not just raise ticket prices to do the same? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Raising the fares would cause more people up find another way to get to work, so it would actually hurt the transit system. It would also hurt the people who can least afford to have a higher cost, while a higher tax subsidizes the poor with the income of the rich who would never consider taking the bus. | Economics |
What is so impressive about "Cheddar Man" (9000 B.C.) being related to a living person who lives nearby? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I dunno where you’re getting 5-15k years old. The accepted figure for the emergence of H. sapiens is around 200,000-250,000 years ago Additionally if the Cheddar Man was found 9000 BCE, than its 11,000 years old. In terms of importance, I’m not all too sure but it was England’s earliest fully intact skeleton, and those... | Other |
Why are humans attracted to certain color combinations over others? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The eye evolved to be sensitive to things that were beneficial to our ancestors survival. Spotting a ripe red fruit in tree full of green leaves, for example. People actual preferences are developed over the course of their lives, but at a certain level it comes back to the eye having evolved to spot certain kinds of t... | Biology |
Are any non-human animals known to have allergies? Are certain species sometimes allergic to people? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I don't know about allergies to humans, although I wouldn't be surprised to see animals allergic to our skin flakes. Yes, animals can be allergic to all sorts of things. Allergies happen when a body's immune systems interprets a benign thing, say pollen, as a threat and attacks it. Allergies can also be specific to med... | Biology |
How does Hulu make a profit now that a membership comes free with a Spotify subscription? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hulu made money before they were a subscription service, they went freemium a bit too early in the game before netflix started making originals that were better than Network TV and started really dominating the market, now they are fighting for second against Amazon and HBO and they can't compete on service offered so ... | Economics |
why do liquigel tablets (eg: advil) work faster than regular ones? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You're on the right track! Whenever you take an oral medicine, your body has to somehow turn that into a liquid (i.e. digestion) that can easily slip into the bloodstream (i.e. absorption) and get to where it needs to go. Since liquigels are more liquid (it still counts as a "solid" due to the casing around the liquige... | Chemistry |
If an electron is thought if more as a wave than a particle, how does it have a mass? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | What is mass? Mentally, do you associate the property of mass as belonging to something? As you delve deeper into the physics of the small, "real world" intuition starts to break down. What we think of as mass might arise from an interaction of disturbances in one field with another field. Bottom line: calling it a wav... | Physics |
If muscles are made of cells, how do parts of a cell move? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Muscle cells can be visualized as long tubes with a string running through them. The tube is attached on one end. The string is attached somewhere else. The inside of the tube has "hairs" on it. When the muscle contracts, it pulls the string into the tube by bending those hairs to drag it in. This reduces the length of... | Biology |
Why are cuts in the sea/saltwater virtually painless as opposed to the same cuts on land? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You are salty. Seawater salinity differs around the world, but it's usually closer to the salinity of a wound than fresh water. If you want to clean out a wound painlessly on dry land, use saline (salted water). If you get a cut in the Dead Sea, it hurts more than usual, because its salinity is ten times as high as nor... | Biology |
why aren't we taught foreign languages the way children learn to speak? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Babies have a unique language ability that's get lost the more we age, I immigrated into another country when I was 3 and I could still learn just by listening (that's why you should raise your kids at least bilingual from the start) laster in life that language learning center slows down and it gets very hard to learn... | Other |
What goes the gigahertz (ghz) actually mean in terms of a computer processor, and how does that translate to actual performance? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your home clock probably makes a tick. That tick happens once per second. We also call this one hertz. If it were to be fast and tick twice per second, we could call that 2 hertz. A gigahertz is 1 billion of something per second. In this case, 1 billion cpu ticks per second. A CPU does various kinds of logic and comput... | Technology |
Why dont limbs grow back? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Think of repairing a cut as a result of a function, rather than the body consciously knowing it needs to repair it. When you break the skin barrier and hit blood, the blood is being pumped by the heart and bleeds out of the cut, where it clots and hardens when it is exposed to the air. Then over time your body regenera... | Biology |
How exactly is Robinhood manipulating the market and is there any real chance they get sued and lose? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They limited trading in GameStop, AMC, and others which might have made some sense due to the unusual activity with those stocks. Halting trading in a particular stock is often done at the stock market level. But since Robinhood unilaterally stopped people from buying the stock (but not selling it), it meant only their... | Economics |
How can electromagnetic induction work on insulators when they don't have free electrons? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So I'm not sure I understand exactly what you're asking, but it sounds like you're basically asking about how insulators can have something like static electricity which can help them attract other objects even though they don't have free flowing electrons. If that's the case there's two things. The first is that this ... | Physics |
They say the universe is expanding, but stuff is getting further away. Does that mean the universe is just stretching itself out rather than actually expanding? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Both. You blow up a balloon, it expands by stretching the balloon to cover a wider area. Blow it up enough and it will pop because it can't expand any more. The universe is like a balloon that keeps blowing up but never popping. It's a hard concept to understand, that something can expand infinitely. | Physics |
If atoms are 99,9% emptiness, how can they keep things together ? Like, if my skin is 99,9% emptiness, why is it able to keep blood and organs in it ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Touching, as you probably consider it, does not exist. All interactions take place at a distance - like magnets. While electrons are, as particles, incredibly tiny (even compared to other things on an atomic scale), they still repel other electrons and *very forcefully so* if those other electrons get too close. So, wh... | Chemistry |
Why do some TVs show a quick black screen when changing channels and why some don't? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s your cable box that has more to do with the black screen than your actual television. Some cable boxes processing power and connection are faster than others. The black screen is your cable box or satellite taking a second to get the signal from whatever network you are wanting to get access to. | Technology |
Cold air holds less moisture than hot air. What will happen with the moisture in hot air with maximum moisture capacity when you try to cool it down both in the atmosphere and in an enclosed room? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | That is how fog, mist, and clouds are formed. It can remain suspended in the air, condensate on surfaces or form water drops that fall down. Dew on plants is water consenting after temperature changes outdoor. The fogging up of mirror when you take a hot shower consenting in your bathroom. | Physics |
How did the Great Depression happen and could something like that happen again? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ben Bernanke has written a lot about the Great Depression, mostly before he was Chairman of the Fed actually (the Fed is the US central bank, responsible for a large component of US economic policy). Having a Fed Chair with his expertise when the crisis hit in 2008 was quite fortunate. A view that he has put forward ab... | Economics |
How do people know there are fossils inside rocks? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | First off. The area where they are hunting is known as a "Fossil Bed". That means the odds are many of the ricks have fossils in them. Second: the presence of a fossil affects the way the rock is shaped. When you have seen a lot of them you develop an eye for it. Not all of them have a fossil but if you keep the video ... | Earth Science |
How did early civilians get to work and wake up on time for work in times where time wasn’t kept by most individuals? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most jobs didn't really care about time - you got up when the sun came up and went to bed when the sun went down. There wasn't much of a concept of "meet me at 11:30" or "be at work by 9" back then - people worked when they worked. There was a brief period when clocks were not as common but people did need to be up at ... | Technology |
How can people tell if the tide is coming in or going out just by looking? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you spend enough time around the ocean you can tell the difference. The behavior of the water changes on whether the tide is rising or falling; if the tide is going out there will appear to be more force going out when a wave approaches, rip currents will be stronger, things like that. Once you're used to it the tex... | Earth Science |
Why does some food/drinks taste best when served hot, others when served cold? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Temperature is related to how our nervous system is able to process the signals for taste and smell. For instance sugar is much sweeter at high temperatures than low temperatures. So a drink that is appropriately sweet when hot will taste not sweet enough when cold, and a cold drink that is just sweet enough will be un... | Chemistry |
Why can we tell when a sneeze is coming, and what causes that feeling? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Inside your airway, there are millions of tiny hairs who are responsible for filtering the air you breathe in and out. However, there is also mucus which is ever present, and responsible for 'mopping up' the stuff caught by the hairs. Occasionally, this system is triggered by something it is itself unable to eject from... | Biology |
How do people skip stones on water? Does the stone shape matter? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Whenever something is entering the water it needs to push the water out of the way in order to sink. If the object is traveling fast, the water exerts a large amount of pressure on the object, resisting its entry into the water. If something is falling straight down into the water this causes the water to feel like a t... | Physics |
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