question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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When you mix something are you separating the molecules? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can imagine molecules in water as sand. You can move an object through the sand and all the grains just flow around it, but you don't break apart any grains of sand. All liquids will behave in pretty much the same way, with the molecules sliding past each other and around objects. | Chemistry |
Why does the marginal cost curve has an U shape? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine making paper, the primary costs of becoming a paper maker are: Having a building Running Machines Paying people Buying wood Your first piece of paper costs a few million bucks to make because you have to make a building and pay people etc, etc. However once you have made a billion pieces of paper you have split... | Economics |
Why did 9/11 jumpers fall unconscious or die before they hit the ground, how come most people can sky dive with no problems? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Can you cite a source that states they were unconscious? I've heard this claim before but I don't think there's much merit to it except that many were likely in a state of shock from the experience and any fumes they may have been inhaling. Unfortunately I think this is one of those myths we use to soften the unimagina... | Physics |
How does Google manage to parse every page on it's database and show our search results on them in miliseconds? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In fact they already have parsed all pages in the planet and created a database of relevant words and how these words relate to the pages. By doing that they have created a rank by words and what pages to show. Then they measure the distance between words and incorporate that in the rank. For example: a page talking ab... | Technology |
How and why are tech companies rated so highly on their valuations? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Part of it is because when a company raises money, they want to have a higher value each time they raise money as this signals that the company is growing.This helps existing investors build up value by investing early and with continuing investment. Each time this company runs out of money, they have to raise more to ... | Economics |
What is the difference between socialism and state capitalism? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | More accurately, socialism is an organization of labor and capital such that *the workers* exercise control over the means of production. The most common view of how to achieve this (favored by Marx) is for *the state* to appropriate the means from capitalists, and manage them on behalf of the proletariat. In Marx' ide... | Economics |
How does a DVD player know when you're recording the video feed and instantly turn to static? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is caused by copy protection on the video signal. Unlike the copy protection on HDMI where the signal is actually encrypted, the copy protection on analog video signals has to rely on tricks. The goal is to create a signal that will look fine on a TV, but will confuse the recording circuitry in a VCR. This actuall... | Technology |
- How does white noise make you sleep better? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you're trying to work on something in complete silence. If you hear any noise it will get your attention or distract you. Now imagine you're listening to music and working. Any noises that occur aren't going to catch your attention unless they're super loud. White noise helps drown out things that could possibl... | Biology |
If flat earthers exist, why do they think the government is hiding that information from them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some ex-conspiracists say they had mental health problems involvoing paranoia while believing in such things. I think some of these people just believe that everyone and everything is against them and means them harm. Also conspiracies are easier to understand than real life and they tend to back each other claims up. | Earth Science |
open source: why are so many people willing to write software to give for free? Also, why is it in similar areas, eg game dev or digital media design, open source is much less common? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Reasons to develop open source: 1) Because other people can use it and therefore it is useful for human progress. 2) Because people can then customize it for their own use, and look through the source code to ensure that they are not being spied on by inbuilt spyware or nagware 3) To practice and showcase their skill a... | Technology |
Why doesnt sodium and other reactive metals react in our body? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you say reactive forms, for sodium that is just the metal not combined with other elements. I’m sure you’ve seen videos of what pure sodium metal does in water. Sodium in your body is sodium ions, Na^(+). It has already done the reacting you are thinking about which caused it to become an ion. | Chemistry |
How do green screens work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You could do the effect with just about any color screen, blue screens used to be the standard, but people found the bright green worked better. The purpose of the color is to give a specific color to scan for and then eliminate from the scene to allow another scene to be placed in. The bright green is a somewhat uniqu... | Technology |
What happens to fruits when they ripe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is generally the production of specific set of chemicals that cause the change in taste and appearance of the fruit upon ripening. Plant cells contain a carbohydrate called pectin in their cell walls, upon ripening, the pectin is converted from an insoluble hard form to a soft water soluble form.. which explains why... | Chemistry |
Why and how does earwax form? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Earwax is made from glands of the external auditory canal (which are basically modified sweat glands if I recall it well enough), and also dead epidermal cells. It is thought to be a protective mechanism for the auditorium canal against infections and other trauma and is also a way to remove dead cells from it. Bonus t... | Biology |
How do pharmaceutical companies come up with the Brand name for their drugs? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Avast ye! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How pharmaceuticals get the crazy names for their drugs? ]( URL_4 ) ^(_63 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How do pharma companies come up with the names of new drugs? ]( URL_1 ) ^(_7 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Why do prescription drugs have so many differen... | Other |
Why is mixing alcohol bad? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We hear this idea all the time, and I know plenty of people who attest to it on their own experience. But I've also seen several articles in magazines and news that state that mixing different types of drinks (beer/wine/liquor/liqueur) doesn't actually do anything different in terms of making you more drunk or having a... | Other |
Why does dramamine makes you feel sleepy/causes tiredness? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One of the active ingredients of Dramamine, Diphenhydramine, blocks a receptor called Histamine H1. This is because the receptor gives a positive response when it binds to Histamine. Firstly, a receptor is a sort of detector that is on the outside of your cells. It detects specific chemicals that are in the space betwe... | Chemistry |
Why do we feel hot at temperatures that are below our body’s temperature ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Our bodies are constantly producing heat and so as not to overheat we need to constantly shed that heat in to our surrounding environment. The hotter our surroundings get the less efficiently we can do that, so we start to feel hotter and hotter. What we consider to be "room temperature" is the temperature that is idea... | Biology |
If sugar is fully dissolved in boiling water and the water is then cooled down, will it cause some of the sugar to undisolve? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you saturate water with a solute (dissolve as much of the solute as the water can hold), then very carefully cool the solution to a temperature that normally can't hold that much of the solute, you have what's called a supersaturated solution. This status isn't stable, though. Just a little physical agitation or put... | Chemistry |
if black is the absence of color and white is all the color how do they make black and white paint? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We are actually talking about two concepts here. Light and Pigmentation. So with Light White light is made of every color on the visual spectrum and darkness is the absence of all light. With Pigment paints and waxes are dyed with color powders to give them the desired color. White is either made with a white material ... | Chemistry |
How do employment statistics account for a person who loses a high paying job, goes on unemployment, then off unemployment for a much lower paying job? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A bunch of people going from good high-paying jobs to a bunch of awful low-paying jobs don't show up in the unemployment statistics at all. Usually they count U3 unemployment, which counts only people with no job but who are looking for a job as unemployed. U6 is a more honest statistic, because it covers people who ga... | Economics |
Regarding cookies on website: What is legitimate interest and how do companies get the status? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most companies don't actually do this correctly. There are two different data privacy laws in the EU which potentially govern cookies, and companies get these confused. The main data privacy law in the European Union is GDPR. Under GDPR, in order for data processing to be lawful, it needs a "Legal Basis." Basically, a ... | Technology |
Why do the cups of water I set out at night end up with bubbles and a "stale" taste in the morning? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The bubbles have something to do with the oxygen being gassed out especially if the water is cold, since cold water holds more oxygen. And the taste is CO2 being dissolved in the water over the period of time which creates a chemical compound H₂CO₃ - carbonic acid. So the increase of the acid changed the taste of the w... | Chemistry |
How are there naturally-flavored fruit drinks that contain no juice? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1: you do not need to have the flavor come from the source in order for it to be natural. One example of this is (if I recall) vanilla. Vanilla flavor can be naturally replicated with excretions from glands near a beavers ass for example. It's still 100% natural but not from the actual plant. 2: extracts and the like a... | Chemistry |
Why do fuzzy radio signals become a lot clearer when stand in front of or grab the end of the antenna in you hand? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | While standing near the radio you are messing with something called multipath fading. Radio signals bounce, they bounce around inside your room, off walls etc. These Various reflections combine at the receiver, and depending on their phase the result can be amplification or dampening. (See answer by captain-carrot for ... | Technology |
Why do kids about 4-8 y.o. pant, chug and sometimes even „moan” when drinking from a cup? Is there something bad with their airways or are they just getting excited? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Adults know to take a breath before drinking and have better motor control. They've also learned that making noises when drinking is usually frowned on, so they actively suppress those noises using that better motor control. A kid doesn't take a breath first, so they end up trying to breathe mid-drink, and they don't c... | Other |
Why is it that when you fold and unfold a piece of paper, the crease remains pretty much permanently, but this isn’t the case for some other materials like fabric? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | the material itself. & #x200B; Paper is made of WOOD fibers. The same wood that your computer desk is made of. & #x200B; You cannot fold a piece of wood in half and then straighten it back out (not without a LOT of luck and determination and a ton of failures first) & #x200B; Fabric, on the other hand, is generally mad... | Chemistry |
Why do flies always fly around in little circles in the center of a room? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Actually, if you watch closely, it’s not circles. It’s a semi-random pattern called “drunkard’s walk”. Basically, it covers the most territory for the least effort, with the highest chance of reward ( food). Note, it doesn’t actually have to include food in the area, it’s just gotta *Lead* to food . ( there was an arti... | Biology |
Why is it that when we get hit or injured pretty bad we faint? What is it that makes our brain kinda shut down in that moment? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One reason is that basically the brain is floating in water inside our skulls and if the the blow is strong enough to push the brain with enough momentum to bounce on part of the skull to another and the brain gets short circuited. Another reason is that a certain amount of pain and/stress is too much to handle and our... | Other |
Are the McDonalds in all countries around the world connected to one main 'headquarter' ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most McDonald's restaurants are not owned by the McDonald's corporation. They're franchises. That means that some businessman wants to open a restaurant - he pays a franchise fee to McDonald's that gives him the right to open X number of restaurants in a certain physical region. He agrees to buy all of his supplies fro... | Economics |
Why are celebrities net worths low when their annual income is so high? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Michael Jordan does not earn $3B from Nike, that's what the Jordan Brand sub-brand of Nike makes in revenue. He gets some small cut of that, with the rest going to pay for manufacturing the products, marketing it, paying the designers and other corporate infrastructure of Nike, shareholder dividends... Not sure about t... | Economics |
:Why does "percussive maintenance" sometimes work on delicate electronics? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is not as common on modern devices, but on older electronics the heat generated would often cause small warps in the circut boards or other materials. These warps would unseat components over time and break their connections. Hitting the device would often cause those components to reseat themselves, restoring the c... | Technology |
If acids cause corrosion, why do we put metals in acids to remove the rust? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Corrosion is nothing more than the base metal bonded to oxygen. Acids have a enormous affinity with oxygen, they love each other so much they would do anything to be together. When you mix an acidic solution with rust, lets pick Fe2O3 as an example, the dissolved acid will steal the oxygen from the rust and stick it ve... | Chemistry |
Why do digital displays have input lag? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | By sheer virtue of being digital. Analog/CRT displays process image data in real time. It gets the signal, it uses it at the same time it gets it, 1:1. The instant it receives the input, it is using it to make the image. A digital display has to process data to figure out how to display the image. It has to get a frame... | Technology |
To what extent does speed of intake effect the duration/efficacy of caffeine in the body? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You're essentially balancing three things, your intake, your bodies ability to absorb the caffeine and your bodies ability to metabolize it out of your system. Everyone is slightly different on those speeds due to what they've recently eaten, and their metabolic rate. It takes roughly an hour to fully absorb all the ca... | Biology |
Can someone please explain Nuclear spin as it relates to an MRI machine? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Everything that has electrical properties also has magnetic properties. Electricity and magnetism are just two sides of the exact same force, electromagnetism. This even extends to things that overall seem neutral, like water. The individual atoms have protons and electrons which are both charged. Overall they cancel o... | Physics |
how can disney own a tradmark for things they don’t own or make? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In many cases, people are playing with fire and are not *quite* far enough away from Disney's Loki for their merch. If you're too close, Disney's Lawyers can send you a Cease & Desist, and then begin the legal proceedings. They may be wrong, but you'll have to meet them in court to find out, and odds are your total pro... | Other |
How do games "generate" what you see in-game, and tell graphics APIs (like OpenGL) where/how to draw it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is a pretty complex problem, but I can give an overview for a basic 3D engine. Every object in the game is made from a mesh of triangles. When the shapes in the game were originally designed, the vertices of every triangle were ordered. Based on the order (clockwise) the computer can calculate the normal vector to... | Technology |
how are adblockers not undetectable? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes, all of that is possible. Some of it is tricky, though, some not very wanted by end users. For instance, one of the "selling points" of ad blockers is that they improve performance by decreasing bandwidth and memory usage. This won't happen if it still downloads images, and runs scripts. Downloading images and runn... | Technology |
How do some pirates get their hands on legit Netflix/Spotify/iTunes accounts and sell them for a cheaper price illegally? How does it benefit them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One of two ways. Some of these accounts are stolen and then passed on. They invest $0 into the account, so whatever someone pays is profit. The other way that it can work is that pricing for online services are sometimes set regionally; so they'll make an account in a country where the subscription fee is the equivalen... | Technology |
Astronomers say there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches on earth. How do they know how many grains of sand there are in the whole world? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We can estimate both the volume and mass of the Earth. Take a bucket of sand, weigh it, measure its volume, then count the number of grains of sand in it. You now have an estimate of the number of grains per kg or per litre of sand. You can use that to estimate the maximum number of grains. We could assume the whole wo... | Mathematics |
Why does sending a picture via Messenger lower its quality so drastically? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Here is my 2 cents: Because it gets compressed to save space and bandwidth. Same thing happens to YouTube videos. As a general rule, any file you upload or send online gets compressed depending on the server, some are better than others at this. In the YouTube video example, the difference in quality is not that notice... | Technology |
Why do sound waves require a medium for travel but light does not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Couple ways to look at it: 1. The [photon]( URL_0 ) is its own wave, whereas sound is a wave of the atoms or molecules of whatever medium (air, water, etc.). If you think of a wave as just a way for energy to travel, the photon carries energy (in its own frequency), whereas sound is atoms or molecules passing energy al... | Physics |
Why do bath towels seem to get more absorbent the more they get washed over time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Brand new towels (of all kinds) have probably been washed in their factory with some sort of fabric softener, which actually coats the fibers of fabrics and does make them softer, but it also makes them less absorbent. When you wash the new towels at home and don’t use fabric softener, eventually that residue goes away... | Chemistry |
Why do some wounds heal faster when exposed to air while others require a moist, bandaged environment? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Current research in wound care actually supports the idea that all wounds heal faster with less scarring and pain in a moist or wet environment. Wounds make a secretion known as "exudate" that is full of various factors needed to heal and close the wound. When the wound is allowed to dry, the exudate dries out which pr... | Biology |
How come when you put earphones in your nose and pop your ears you hear the music in your head? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Our hearing apparatus consists of the external ear (which is our floppy ear pinna and ear canal) and the ‘internally hidden’ middle ear, and internal ear. Normally, the sounds from outside is transmitted from the external ear then towards the eardrum into the middle ear, and lastly, towards external ear, where the soun... | Technology |
why does a broken leg essentially mean a death sentence for a horse? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Horses legs are under high tension with tight tendons from the knee down. This means that when they break they often shatter. That same tendon situation also means there fairly little blood flow down the leg which makes healing slow. That means that the horse would have to spend a long time on only 3 legs, something it... | Biology |
Why are concept/pre-production cars always shown with camo/swirly liveries? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | That car camo does a great job of masking the finer shapes and curves of the car so it isn't spoiled before the big reveal. Car manufacturers often want to get some track time on a new model to make sure everything is good but once it is outside that means people are going to get pictures of it. They don't want the new... | Other |
Why can we get injections for preventative medicine anywhere in the shoulder, thigh and buttocks, but illegal drug users have to find a vein? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The reasons IV drug users seek a vein is because their ‘high’ is directly proportional to the speed, and volume/dose of drug that reaches the brain in a particular time. Their highway is the venous system and they push their entire dose in quickly to speed it to the intended destination. The reasons for intramuscular i... | Biology |
What causes people to get goosebumps, and is it possible for someone to not have them at all? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The pilomotor reflex is the base of hairs (or where hairs would be) trying to make the hair stand up. This can be to make the person appear bigger, capture air to keep warm or due to sexual arousal. Stress, fear or other strong emotions tend to trigger it (the reaction is tied to mental state and adrenaline), and some ... | Biology |
if TikTok is Chinese spyware, what exactly are they spying for? What benefit does the Chinese government from their users data? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To work, TikTok needs access to your camera, microphone, photos, video library, and social media profiles. With all of that, it also gets your GPS location, and activity throughout the day, regardless of whether you use the app or not. That’s an enormous amount of useful data to have on anyone. But think of all the cel... | Technology |
Why is the death zone above 8000m still dangerous with supplemental oxygen? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The main difference between being at sea level and being at high altitude, besides it being cold as fuck, is that the air is much lower pressure. This effectively means theres less oxygen available for breathing which is why tanks are required, but it also reduces the oxygen pressure in the blood, referred to as partia... | Biology |
Why do some things when they are really hot cause a flame (like wood or gasoline), but other things like molten steel glow but don’t produce a flame? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Heat can cause a change in the state of matter. Like when ice melts and then evaporates. It is chemically still water. Other times the heat causes a chemical reaction causing an irreversible shift. Like when you mix ingredients and bake a cake. Molten steel is still steel. Wood or gasoline burning won’t revert back whe... | Physics |
Why is the KKK's handbook called the Kloran? Why have a play on words with the Koran and not the Bible? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | As a fraternal Protestant-Christian organization having a book called the "Klible" probably would have struck many as blasphemous. "Kloran" also just flows better. You really shouldn't think too hard about anything the revived Klan does. They are a bunch of morons who invented an organization so they could dress like g... | Other |
Why do ants seem unaffected by vibrations or sounds of me stomping my foot near them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | because its unimportant and common and they don't see very well. personal doom means less to an individual ant than failing to do its work (which would spell doom for the colony.) things go boom around them constantly. we do the same thing when there are earthquakes; unless there's immediate action to be taken we just ... | Other |
How do shows like drugs inc stay on the air even though they are witness to illegal crimes? Wouldn’t the police want arrest them for keeping the identities of dealers and gang members a secret? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > Wouldn’t the police want arrest them for keeping the identities of dealers and gang members a secret? They might *want* to but they can't because not reporting a crime is not itself a crime. Despite how it may appear the police don't actually get to just make up laws and do whatever they want. | Other |
If sound doesn't travel in space, does it stay in one spot? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sound waves cannot love in a vacuum right? Meaning you couldn’t create them either. Think of your own ears. Hitting a bowl with a spoon makes sound waves happen and they go towards your ears that pick them up. Now imagine there is no air in the room. There’s nothing to vibrate so there is no sound. And nothing for it t... | Physics |
Why do airplanes collide midair if there aren’t that many planes, and the sky is huge? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Many fights come from and go to the same airports, which means that lots of planes are using similar flight paths. If they were freeform flying from anywhere to anywhere, then there would be much less risk since they'd be following a million different paths. But since there are relatively few starting points and ending... | Other |
why do we have a dominant hand/side? And why isn’t the world 50% righties and 50% lefties? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Nobody really knows. There are many competing theories, but since evolution works on geologic timescales, it's hard to falsify these theories experimentally. What we do now know about handedness is that it's far from a uniquely human thing. Around 2/3rds of chimpanzees are right handed for example. Much closer to 50:50... | Biology |
I just watched Arrival for the first time and the idea of a non zero-sum game is not making sense to me. What is the simplest explanation or example? # | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I am a lawyer. If I win a case, my opponent loses a case. If my opponent wins a case, I lose my case. For me to win, someone must lose. This is a zero sum game. I am a doctor. If I save a life, every doctor who worked on the case also saved a life. The patient had his life saved. If I lose a patient, every doctor who w... | Mathematics |
Unions are often regarded as bad for the employment. How come that countries with strong unions (like most european countries) have low unemployment? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Unions are not bad for employment, that's just what companies want you to believe. When you're in a union, you have a voice at your work place and you get better pay, better health care and better working conditions. Employers don't want to pay you more, and this includes insurance (they don't give it to you, you earn ... | Economics |
Why are most pills cylindrical: Aside from being easier to swallow, wouldn’t a powder form work best? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I work in pharmaceutical QC and have been involved in testing tablets. It's a easy shape to form in molds, when you're medium is a powder. You do get other shapes, but the further you move away from disks or cylinders, the more precise you have to be with temperatures and pressures used in the forming molds. Tablets ha... | Chemistry |
Every time that I either eat, drink, or breathe I do this without thought; my body specifically knows somehow what I need. How is this complex mechanism (loose term, no I.D.) react so precisely? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | These are autonomic functions, amongst the most basic at that. There are neural circuits in your brain (mostly brainstem for such functions) that are preprogrammed to function a specific way, much like a computer algorithm. For things as simple as swallowing, it's just a sensor of food in a certain region of your throa... | Biology |
Why so many people hate the company Nestlé? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They claimed their baby formula was as healthy as breast milk. It wasn't and it's harmful to babies to mislead parents like that. Their baby formula required clean water. Most of the groups they were targeting, especially in Africa, didn’t have access to clean water. Many mothers were not aware of this (literacy rates ... | Other |
Why does a^2 + b^2 = c^2 in a right triangle? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you had a square with four similar triangles inside forming a smaller square: a b ———————————— | /——____ |a | / c ——-___| b| / / | | / c / | | / c / | | / / |b | ——____ c / | a| ——___/ | ———————————— b a a ———————————— | /| b | | / | | b| c / | b | | / | b | | / | | |_/__|_______b______| a| a |——____ c | a |___... | Mathematics |
why do we open our eyes wider when surprised or scared? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Wider eyes and dilated (i.e. biiig) pupils make it easier to soak in more visual information. This is important for quickly assessing the surrounding environment for fast reactions. This is important for survival in surprising / scary situations as it helps us react faster. That's also why blood vessels dilate and you ... | Biology |
Why do clouds not freeze and fall to the ground when it's really cold out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well, clouds *do* fall to the ground (that's what rain and snow is), but clouds aren't solid objects that can freeze and fall to the ground in the way that you're thinking. A cloud is a collection of particles of water, either as vapor, droplets, or ice crystals. Also, it gets colder as you increase in altitude, so, of... | Chemistry |
[UK] Why is the NHS on it's knees financially? Where has all the money gone? How much is being cut? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | "Health inflation" is between 3 and 4% annually. This is the amount the NHS' funding needs to be increased each year to provide the same level of service. (Because of changing, aging demographics and run of the mill financial inflation) The NHS budget was increased by 3.7% annually between 1949/50 and 2009/10. The Cons... | Other |
How do ants and termites design such complex and sophisticated large-scale structures? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A current belief for how ants create such complex structures is called [Stigmergy]( URL_0 ). Essentially individual builder ants follow specific rules where if the environment meets certain conditions they will build in a specific way. So as a made up example, if a tunnel is x long then turns right an ant may use these... | Biology |
Why is cold water more thirst quenching than warm water? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Warm water does not taste as good as cold water so your body represses its feeling of thirst hoping for better quality water later. Cold water tastes better both because your sense of taste gets worse with cold (and water is not supposed to have taste) and because you instinctively prefer cold fresh water over warm wat... | Biology |
(From my actual 5 year old) Can you take anti-venom before working with a poisonous snake in case you get bit? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The side effects from taking anti-venom can be severe, including serum sickness, shortness of breath, and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis. Paraphrased from Wikipedia, they have sources. There's also the economic problem: Anti-venom is expensive. And then there's the logical problem: People will often have pote... | Biology |
What is a partial derivative? Why are they useful? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Since you're already versed in the concept, one way to think about it is as a special case of the directional derivative - that is, df/dx is the directional derivative with respect to < 1,0 > , df/dy is the directional derivative with respect to < 0,1 > , etc. Or for the non-mathematically-inclined: "if you go in such ... | Mathematics |
Why would a company want to generate fake income? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Many possible reasons: -Inflating income makes it looks like you make more money which means people pay more for your stocks. -Often the CEO and Board get personal bonuses if they hit certain goals: lie about hitting the goal and they get their bonus. -Lower employees could be fired if they don't meet their quotas, so ... | Economics |
what happens to chemical weapons if they're hit by missiles? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The primary way of destroying toxic chemicals is by burning it at an extremely hot temperature. Traditional explosives aren't very effective since, like you insinuate, an explosion is just going to disperse the agents, and for simple substances they are not going to be stored just as precursors. One of our first attemp... | Chemistry |
How do fish feel pain? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We feel pain when something excites our nociceptors - which is a sensory neuron that when it recieves stimuli, sends a message to the brain that makes the place hurt. In five year old terms, I would say that we are full of buttons that when pressed hard enough, makes us feel pain. Fish seem to have neurons like that, b... | Biology |
Why can all recursive solutions to a problem be solved using an iterative solution? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's been a long while, but the ELI5 is that Church-Turing declares that all computations can be computed with a Turing machine, in the sense that a Turing machine is able to carry out a series of instructions and come to a result in a finite amount of steps. Computable functions can do this in a finite amount of steps... | Mathematics |
The difference between face, hand and body wash. Why can't I just use the same thing all over? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Mostly they are the same thing. Hand washes might have additional ingredients to make them antibacterial, face washes might be less harsh and/or contain moisturisers since our faces have more delicate skin. Fragrances and foaming are sometimes different too. Having your hands smell nice is one thing, but having that sc... | Chemistry |
What was the reason the economy was messed up in Chile during Salvador Allende's presidency? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The US waged economic warfare against Chile. President Nixon famously ordered the CIA to "make the economy scream". The CIA had been working for several years since the latter 1960s to prevent Allende from becoming President of Chile. Some documents regarding the affairs have in fact been declassified. [These are some ... | Economics |
How were codes for Game Genie/Gameshark/Action Replay found/created back in the day? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The other answer is talking about something different, actual cheat codes. Most game genie devices that I'm aware of don't do that. They alter memory addresses. The console stores everything in memory. Ammo, weapon, lives, points. The game genie forces the value to whatever it wants. As for how it's found (I e. How to ... | Technology |
Why some perfumes last for long time while the other dissappear after short time ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Perfume is a complex substance made up of essential oils, extracts, alcohol, water, wax, and other complex molecules and they all evaporate at different rates. In general the more volatile a molecule and the lower it's vapor pressure, the quicker it will evaporate, creating a strong scent, but not lasting as long. The ... | Chemistry |
For all you soccer (or football fans, either name is fine), How does the offside rule work, and why is it a rule? Is it only to stop cherry picking? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Iirc, you mustn't pass the ball to a team mate that's behind the opponent's defenders. So if you have ABA and left A passes to right A it's an offside. However, if at the time of shooting the pass, it's AAB and right A passes B while the pass is still ongoing, then it's not an offside. I assume the rule is there to sto... | Other |
Why isn't there a bunch of craters decorating our planet like the moon? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well, for one, there are - Earth has [dozens of large impact craters]( URL_0 ). And in fact, the most visible sign of a huge impact on Earth is, well, the Moon itself (which was formed by an impact of such violence that it melted a good chunk of the planet and knocked a few percent of its mass into orbit). But Earth's ... | Earth Science |
How does a game like Call of Duty have practically no online delay at all while when playing a game like NBA 2K17, multiplayer modes experience about a full second of delay between when the button is pressed and when the game responds? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Err. I haven't noticed this to happen in any online game so thought I'd start with that. Video games online don't use much bandwidth so getting a faster connection doesn't really impact them that much. (Unless it comes with better latency) Games are mostly impacted by latency or ping, this is how long it takes for a pi... | Technology |
Why is liquor called Spirits ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The word alcohol comes from the Arabic term al-kohl, which means something like "of the essence" or "of the spirit". It was called this due to its use in alchemy/chemistry, where it was used as a medium for extracting properties specific to different (alcohol-soluble) ingredients. As such, the alcohol captured the esse... | Chemistry |
Everyone wants to cut the defense budget, but what would actually happen if USA removed half of its defenses around the world? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If that actually happened, there would probably be a lot of geopolitical chaos, but it's not that simple. The US wastes billions of dollars in wasteful spending contracts that ends up in the pockets of CEO's of military supply companies, rather than actually going toward defense. So cutting the defense budget and liter... | Other |
. How it's possible for the earth to create the magnetic field? If there is a iron core how it created? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are other ways to create a magnetic field besides some bar of iron. Any time you move electric charges, that also creates a magnetic field (every electric motor works this way). The core of the Earth is very hot, so hot liquids from the core rise up, while colder liquids sink down again. This moves a lot of charg... | Physics |
How do spam callers call you from fake numbers with area codes that are relevant to you? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The phone system is intentionally set up to allow spoofing the number you're calling from. Imagine you've got a business with multiple office locations. Whenever someone makes an outbound call, you want the caller ID to show your businesses inbound number. This is why you can spoof caller ID. As for how they get releva... | Technology |
Why do "normal" or "generic" bricks almost always have some sort of orange-red color and why do said colors sometimes become darker? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Bricks are made of clay from the Earth, and the specific clay they use has iron in it. When iron is exposed to oxygen, it turns red/orange (like rust). Bricks become darker over time because they are porous (lots of little holes in them) that can be filled with dirt. Power-washing can bring them back to life :) | Chemistry |
Why are some currencies worth more than others and how is it determined? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Supply and Demand. Company A makes and sells widgets in China. They use Chinese Yuan to buy the supplies for the widgets, pay the workers making the widgets, and receive as payment for the widgets. I am an American with US Dollars in my pocket, and I want to buy widgets from Company A. To do that, I need to possess Chi... | Economics |
What energy is being converted into GPE for a magnet? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's an electromagnetic potential energy between two magnets which are separated, this is reduced by bringing the magnets closer together - in a similar way to the gravitational potential energy between a mass and the earth (another mass). If the electromagnetic potential energy is strong enough, you can use one mag... | Physics |
If hash function like sha 256 is an algorithm how it is not possible to follow the steps in reverse and figure out the private key? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's no private key involved in a hash function, instead with a hash function you want to try to find some input that maps to the output you have. But your question still makes sense: why can't you just run it backwards? The answer is that the steps are specifically set up so that they're easy to do in one direction... | Mathematics |
Is there any place on Earth (besides Antarctica) that no country owns or lays claim to? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can leave off Antarctica; even though a few countries have agreed to divide it up amongst them, other countries have claimed parts for themselves that overlap. Notably, China, Russia and the USA have no official claim in the original treaty, but all three tend to use it however they want. You'll most likely find th... | Other |
Why do formula 1 cars use super slick wheels? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Well, in F1, grip is super important. And the only contact point with the ground are the tires. Slick tyres gives the car a bigger contact space with the ground and therefore more grip than a tire with treads. The reason road cars need to use tyres with treads is to get rid of the water so they can reach the tarmac and... | Other |
Why is it that waterdrops can't be bigger? What's stoping water from forming like the size of a golfball or even bigger? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Water drops are held together by surface tensions, and the hydrogen bridges that create it. Whichever force is applied to the drop will "battle" with surface tension. If the force is bigger than the tension, the water drop breaks. If not, the water drop stays together. Here on earth gravity is the most common force, wh... | Chemistry |
How sitting in the seat of somebody who sat in it recently feels warm, yet that same warmth can’t be recreated simply by standing up and sitting back down in your own seat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you're sitting down, both the seat *and your butt* warm up, so your butt is at the same temperature as the seat, which is why it doesn't feel warm when you stand up and sit back down. But if you're standing, your butt is a little cooler, so the seat warmed by someone else's butt feel warm in comparison. | Physics |
Why can't a sine and cosine angle be greater than 1? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Start with the unit circle -- a circle of radius 1 [in whatever units], centered at the origin. Draw this. Pick a point on the circle and draw the radius to it. Also draw the vertical line to the x-axis, and the horizontal line to the y-axis. The angle is measured from the positive x-axis counterclockwise around to the... | Mathematics |
What happens to you when you have a seizure? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Very broadly, brains use two kinds of chemicals - inhibitory, which reduce the likelihood of a neuron firing; and, excitatory, which increase it. Your brain uses a lot of loops of signals that will pass through a neuron several times. Each time, though, different combinations of other neurons are firing along with it. ... | Biology |
How does a sewage system and the recycling of the sewage water work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Screens remove everything larger than ~1". The water goes to a primary clarifier where solids sink, grease floats, and the cleaner water is siphoned from the middle. That water is sent to an aeration basin where the activated sludge (good microorganisms) is introduced and lots of air is bubbled through to facilitate th... | Technology |
How can Disney comfortably afford acquiring Fox for 52 billion dollars? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Don't think of it as disney losing 52 out of its 90 billion dollars. They're getting what they think is at least 52 billion dollars of value. If I have $25,000 in my bank account and I buy a $200,000 house with a mortgage, would people say I have serious financial consequences for doing so? Not really. I have a $200,00... | Economics |
How can sperm whales dive so deep and not suffer from the pressure? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Whales have numerous adaptations to help deal with pressure. Firstly, they have a reduced number of sinuses and air cavities compared to land dwelling mammals. Where they do have cavities, these are heavily lined with blood vessels, which fill at depth, blocking the airspace completely and preventing its collapse. Seco... | Biology |
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