question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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Why does microwaving bread (namely French Bread) make it rubbery, as opposed to toasting it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | [Startch gelatinization]( URL_0 ) is the process by which the starch in flour absorbs water and attains the structural composition found in bread. This process is triggered by heat. Microwaved bread has already gone through this process once (during the initial baking) so it contains less water. The gelatinization stil... | Other |
When you’re drunk and something shocking ‘sobers you up’ is this a physical thing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes and no. You don’t actually get magically sober. Believe me when I tell you that if your body could magic you sober, you would *never* be drunk. It would use this magic superpower literally all the time. But when you get a shock and it “sobers” you, there absolutely is a physical process involved. You release adrena... | Biology |
Why do marine mammals sway their tails vertically, while fish sway them horizontally? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | “It reflects the evolutionary history of locomotion. Our wormy ancestors slithered on the sea floor, so undulated side-to-side. Fish inherited that movement, for which a vertical tail is best. Their distant land mammal descendants evolved to run with limbs underneath: an unstable gait allowing rapid direction changes. ... | Biology |
Before humans had tools we would use endurance to hunt and force prey to collapse. Why didn’t the prey just stand and fight a clearly weaker opponent, thus rendering human hunting techniques useless? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Prey animals, generally speaking, don't have the instinct to fight. Because they suck at it. Running away is their go-to strategy because it is superior from a not dying standpoint. The mistake you're making is anthropomorphizing animals. A deer does not think like you think. It doesn't make a tactical assessment of th... | Biology |
What is 'parsing' in computer syntax analysis? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ifyoureadthisstreamoflettersyoucanprobablystillunderstandwhatiamsaying. Your brain is parsing that long string of letters. It breaks it apart in to words, then as it assigns meaning to the words to form complete sentences. Parsing in computer syntax analysis works much the same way. You have some data that the computer... | Technology |
Suppose you are on an island with about 20 people and some shops. You decide to use seashells as money, as there is a fixed quantity. The system works. However, one day you discover a small beach with a lot of shells but you keep it a secret. Would the market react if you tell no one ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It being a secret makes no difference. As a general rule, suppliers don't know how much money any individual has, just how much is being spent at their shop. If you don't spend more shells than normal then nothing will change. If you spend lots on coconuts and hammers then the coconut vendor and hammer vendor will have... | Economics |
Could you vape in space? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not sure about vape but you can’t smoke in space. Fire needs oxygen so the lack of it makes smoking impossible. From what i can tell vaping makes a coil of wire hot which heats up a glycerin substance , so maybe it won’t need oxygen. Now would it work since space is absolutely freezing? Not sure but maybe in a space st... | Physics |
Why does putting a slice of bread in a jar of stale cookies work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In a word, humidity. The bread's got a relatively high moisture content, and its porous texture gives a big surface area for exposure to air. Because of that, the water in the bread can evaporate pretty quickly until it's at equilibrium with the atmospheric humidity in the jar. And the cookies, in turn, are now less hu... | Chemistry |
How are lenticular clouds formed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Pretty simple, actually. If you have a fairly stable air mass that flows over an obstruction, it gets lifted. As it rises, it cools, and when it reaches the dew point you can now see the cloud as the moisture condenses to form droplets. A good way to think of clouds is that they are the visible part of a moisture plume... | Other |
Okay, so there are molecules > atoms > nuclei > protons/neutrons/electrons > quarks… where do organisms and cells play into this? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A molecule is made of atoms that stick together. An atom is made of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. Electrons, and the protons and neutrons that form the nucleus, are made of quarks. An organism is made of one or more cells, and each cell is made of billions of molecules. | Biology |
How does yarn tangle with itself when being left alone? (See also: headphone cords, although not so severely.) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Largely its not when its untended, its the actions of sorting, setting it down and picking it up. Cables get jammed all the time because we lift up folds to or create a neutral pressure in one spot that causes every bit of their nicely folded tendencies to intertwine, and then when we begin unravelling, starts to creat... | Physics |
Does eating food affect the absorption of painkillers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Pharmacist here. It depends which drug specifically. In the case of acetaminophen/paracetamol, food may slightly slow down how the drug is absorbed in the small intestine but it's mostly negligible and the recommendation is to take it regardless of food. As for ibuprofen, it's generally recommended to take it with food... | Biology |
Certain erasers are hard and soft. What makes one hard, and another one soft? Second Question, are there different types of rubber used in erasers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes. A hard eraser like those white plastic ones lasts longer, erases cleaner and can maintain more of a point to erase finer detail, but it can tear the paper and doesn't self clean as well. Draftsmen typically use them because drafting paper is quite smooth and the hard pencils don't leave a lot of graphite. A soft e... | Chemistry |
Is music that I download from the internet a good or a service? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you download a file that you can store on your computer separately from the software, that's a good. If the song is streamed to you, or the download can only exist within the software, that's a service because you never take real ownership of a copy of the song. Rather, you're paying to access it. | Economics |
Why do browsers get stuck loading, but after a refresh the page loads fine? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you try to open a webpage, your computer has to send a request to the place where the webpage is stored, asking to view the webpage. The webpage then sends the page to you in small chunks called data packets, because it's too big to send all in one go. Kinda like eating pizza in slices purely because it won't fit ... | Technology |
how does someone like bill gates keep all of his money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | His net worth is largely tied to his investment holdings with Microsoft, although he more than likely has investments elsewhere. As the share price of Microsoft fluctuates daily on the market, his net worth fluctuates with it. If Microsoft has a particularly bad quarter, he publicly lost a lot of money. | Economics |
when math was being invented, how did they know they were getting the right answers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We can roughly divide math into two groups: abstract and applied. Applied mathematics is mathematics as applied to issues of the real world. This was how and why math came to be a thing in the first place: to solve real-world problems. And we know we get the right answers by those answers actually solving those real-wo... | Mathematics |
If it took 13.3 billion years for light to reach Earth from the furthest known Galaxy, could it be possible that there are other galaxies further away than 13.3bly, but we just haven't been able to see yet because its light hasn't reached us yet? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | What you've described is the case, according to the standard big bang model. The (potentially terrifying) thing is that we will never see beyond this 'horizon' because space itself is expanding, meaning that everything beyond that horizon is moving away from us faster than the speed of light. So we will actually only b... | Physics |
Why did the production of Grease cast such old actors to play teenagers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is the case with virtually all big-budget films and television productions. Simply put it's easier to work with older actors. They are better/more experienced at their job, they have more freedom to work when and where they need to, are more able to understand the management and business side of the production, an... | Other |
Why is maintaining poor posture easier than correct posture from the muscular level? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not. Look at how kids sit on a regular basis - up on their sit bones, straight back. When we stand and as we are growing, the erector spinae and the multifitis muscles keep the spine straight. They run along the sides and around the spine to keep your back straight. Most children have nearly perfect posture until ... | Biology |
Why wouldn't prop planes require counter torque when helicopters do? Does it have to do with the plane's mass? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Look into trim tabs and what they do. Prop planes will typically have a little tab that sticks out of an aileron and one side of the rudder. These are there to make fine adjustments to trimmed flight. These also offset the torque created by the motion of the prop. Also, when a single engine prop plate increases power, ... | Physics |
How come chocolate chips will melt to mush if I hold them in a fist or leave them in a hot car, but retain their shape when baked in cookies in a hot oven? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Chocolate chips *would* melt in the oven...except they're surrounded by cookie dough, which keeps them in shape. If you take chocolate chip cookies out of the oven and just barely touch a visible chip, it will immediately turn into a blorp. By the time the cookies have cooled, though, the chips have also cooled and res... | Chemistry |
How does milk "make you grow"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It doesn't, not really, that's just clever advertising. Sure, milk contains nutrients that are generally considered good for the body, but there is nothing special about milk that makes you grow Proper nutrition allows you to grow to your maximum height, and milk may contribute to that, but so does broccoli, and eggs, ... | Biology |
Why can you charge Nintendo Switch using a laptop but if you connect it to a MacBook you actually charge the MacBook instead of the console? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | USB-C negotiates bi-directional power control and communication on a per device basis. If the MacBook USB-C controller determines that the Switch is a valid recipient for power, it will reverse the power direction and provide output power from the charging port. This was intentionally part of the design to lead to grea... | Technology |
why does corn pop and expand into yummy cinema treats? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The hard kernel provides resistance, allowing pressure to build then pop. The pressure is caused by the moisture content creating steam. The resulting airy foam is the starchy inside of the kernal, which is very briefly exploded then solidifies into an airy mass. Other grains will puff (see: puffed wheat cereal) but co... | Chemistry |
why can’t we just insert video games into the console and start playing anymore? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Games these days are much, much bigger, with gigabytes of textures, sound and so on. They are simply too big to run from temporary memory as they used to. They install because data access is much faster from a hard drive than an optical disc. You only need the disc in the drive to prove you own the disc. Downloaded gam... | Technology |
Why or how do the magnets in those magnetic car phone-holders not affect the electronics in phones? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Phones don't use magnetic storage (tape, hard drives), it's all memory chips nowadays. So a static (not changing) magnetic field doesn't affect the electronics inside. A changing magnetic field, on the other hand, like the field produced by transformers (vibrates at 60 hertz) or lightning or static electricity (sudden ... | Technology |
How does thunder and lightning actually happen? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The friction in the cloud crates electrostatic energy that if it gets to big escapers in form of a lightning. When that happens, the air around the lightning heats up to over 30.000 degrees celsius and expands drastically, wich crates a pressure wave wich we can hear... That is the thunder... Im not a scientist tho so ... | Physics |
What is the evolutionary reasoning for knee-jerk reactions (aka patellar reflex)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Reaction times. Basically, when you jump down off something you need your legs to act like the springs and shock absorbers do in a car when it hits a pothole. If you locked your knees, and jumped off a high wall, you'd break your legs on the impact. But if you have bent knees, you need to time it perfectly- you need to... | Biology |
Why are there so many more shootings, attacks, and bombings in Europe than the US When the US is more actively involved in destabilized regions than countries, for instance, like France? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 1. There aren't more shootings in Europe than in the USA, but there are more Islamic terrorist attacks, which I presume is your point. 2. Europe is more populous than the USA, the EU alone has over 500m residents. More people = more stuff happening. 3. Europe is closer to areas of unrest and shares land borders leading... | Other |
why can humans go crazy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and some forms of depression/bipolar disorder the mind actually breaks, losing touch with reality. This is called psychosis. The mind can't allow or prevent it from happening because the mind is actually involved in the process. The brain is an extremely complex organ, p... | Biology |
What make a blanket warmer than others? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Blankets do not provide heat, like an electric heater. They provide insulation, so that the heat your body provides doesn't escape. So a blanket that is better at insulating will feel warmer, because it traps your warmth better. So thicker blankets will feel warmer, as will fluffy blankets, because they contain air, wh... | Physics |
Why is it beneficial for some countries to keep their currency devalued? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you import goods from another country, usually you have to pay them in whatever currency they use. Let’s say Germany wants to import American steel. The German company will need to pay The US steel company in US dollars. When the US dollar is devalued, each German euro is worth more US dollars. The company can now... | Economics |
what's the difference between an Executive and Non-executive company director? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | An executive director is an employee of the company and has a day job managing the company or a large part of the company - for example, making important decisions, planning the company's business strategy, making sure that the rest of the company runs smoothly (checking that managers are doing their jobs properly, etc... | Other |
What's the difference between body dysmorphia and body dysphoria? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Body dysmorphia is the inaccurate perception of one's body. That is, you see your body and you see an imagined or distorted perspective of your body that doesn't match what you think it looks like Body dysphoria is the accurate but negative perception of one's body. That is, you see your body 'correctly' but you're dis... | Psychology |
Why do game studios have to use publishers, And then why can these publishers take in millions leaving devs behind in the money being made? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | As lovely as the thought is, the idea of a lone developer sitting in his garage making games does not really apply anymore. In a world where video games are a multi billion dollar industry you need a lot more than just programming skill to make a successful game. Developers have to make the game, but publishers will: *... | Economics |
how is internet speed different than internet bandwidth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm currently learning this sort of stuff for my new job. From what I understand so far, its easiest to look at it as a roadway. Bandwidth would be like a highway, the more bandwidth you have(the wider your highway), the more data (cars) you can fit on it at once. Speed would be how long it takes for your data to get f... | Technology |
Biologically, what gives humans consciousness and why are we the only species with it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I strongly disagree with your claim that animal is not conscious. * If you look at definitions that google gives for the word the state of being awake and aware of one's surroundings. * the awareness or perception of something by a person. * the fact of awareness by the mind of itself and the world. the first lone of t... | Biology |
How do astrophysicists know that the Big Bang happened 13.8 billion years ago? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Observation and calculation. Astrophysicists noticed that space is expanding, and that the expansion is accelerating. They did a bunch of math and figured out how much it's accelerating and how different things would effect this acceleration. They did more math and were reasonably sure that it was correct. So they extr... | Physics |
how/why can a person make different pitches/notes when they whistle? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You change the shape and forward-/backness of your tongue (and occasionally other parts of your mouth but I'm not that fancy) to modulate pitch. This changes the distance the air has to vibrate in - like when you blow the tops of bottles and how you can change the pitch by having different levels of liquid in there. | Physics |
Why is that technically too much sleep is bad for us? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your muscles need stress (exercise/movement) to stay strong. If you stay in bed all day your muscles decide they aren't needed and go away. Same for bone strength. Your bones will literally be easier to break. Also too much sleep throws off your sleep schedule. Having a consistent schedule is best. Trying to get extra ... | Biology |
why don’t humans have any real fur, and why does the fur we have feel different than animal fur? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ancient humans where endurance hunters in Africa. We would run our prey down over incredible long distances until they inevitably tired or overheated, and then we would beat them to death with our buddies. This means that humans have evolved things like less fur to prevent overheating and the ability to sweat to cool o... | Biology |
Why are there math jokes about rounding errors in addition, 1+1=2.000001? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not about math, more CS. Floating points are a fast way to approximate real numbers for computer use. They are, however, approximations, and they are base 2 approximations. That means that you have some goofy results to humans, like adding integers and getting a result that has a random millionth digit. | Mathematics |
If carbonated drinks are stored similarly in canisters for fountains and aluminum cans, why does the fizz lost much quicker when transferred? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Carbonated water loses the mixed CO2 in direct relationship with the amount of surface area the liquid has at any given point in time. Fountain drinks have the benefit of having been immediately carbonated by the fountain (since that's what a fountain does - carbonates water and mixes with syrup to produce a drink), an... | Chemistry |
How does this happen without the water freezing before it’s pulled out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It looks like the water is supercooled. Ie it’s pure water that is below freezing temperature - when you cool water in this manner it won’t freeze until there is either an impurity for ice crystals to form around or if you shake the water (you can try this at home - buy a bottle of purified water and stick it in the fr... | Chemistry |
What's the difference between crack and cocaine? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is a small chemical difference. Cocaine hydrochloride is a salt of the cocaine molecule (slightly alkaline) and hydrochloric acid. Salts generally have high melting and evaporation temperatures and are more water-soluble. Reaction with a more strongly alkaline material, sodium bicarbonate, and the acid is striped... | Chemistry |
How Is the Universe Infinite? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We don't know if the universe is infinite or not. We do know that it is mind bogglingly big. We don't know wether or not it is infinite because we do not know what shape it is. If it is saddle shaped then it is infinite, if it is spherical then it is finite. It is not intuitive to think of the universe being finite bec... | Physics |
Can somebody explain Bayes’ Theorem? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Consider a Venn diagram of two sets, A and B, with non-empty intersection. Each area denotes the probability of the corresponding set. You can think of it as throwing a random dart at this diagram. Note that there may be area outside of both A and B, since probability needs to total to 1. So the probability of A you ca... | Mathematics |
where do all the bugs go when it rains? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When it rains most small bugs (and other animals) hide under the surface. They usually hide in tree holes and under leaves, plants and rocks, but when it's really pouring they go further underground until it stops. In the ground, there are multiple layers of tunnels to protect them from floods, predators, and heat. Som... | Earth Science |
Why does it matter if certain species (like rhinos for example) go extinct? Is every species really that important to the ecology? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Right now, we lack the data to accurately predict the effects of all endangered species going extinct. It's better to err on the side of caution and try to prevent extinction, because once it's gone, it'll take *tons* more effort and money to bring back the species. And at that point, the ecosystem could have changed s... | Biology |
Why should I worry about a hacker getting passwords from a website, if the passwords a supposed to be hashed anyway? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Three reasons, really. First, as the end user, you don't actually know that the passwords were hashed at all. All too often we find out that a site was storing passwords as cleartext only *after* an intrusion gets revealed. Or they might be hashing passwords but *also* leaking a cleartext copy of it somewhere. It's hap... | Technology |
Why is the loudest sound ever reported is considered to be the Krakatoa volcanic eruption, at 180 dB and could be directly heard 5,000km away but rocket launches regularly hits 200+ dB but are only heard within the vicinity of the ignition? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | 200+ db doesn't really exist. At 194 db, the sound is so loud that it's creating vacuums between the sound waves. Any louder, and it isn't really a sound wave anymore, just a shock wave. Rocket launches can reach 165 db, but that's still fifteen decibels lower than Krakatoa. As to why Krakatoa was heard so far away, vo... | Physics |
Why do we need to sleep? Can't we recover whilst being awake and just laying still? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The truth is, no one truly knows why we need sleep; we just know that we do. While we understand that we *must* sleep, and we understand at least some of the role sleep plays, medical science still hasn't been able to nail down the why of it all. The biggest hurdle to understanding why we sleep has been that the brain ... | Biology |
What is the academic reasoning behind believing we live in a simulation? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | IMHO, (layman here) is that there is not a "belief" that we live in a simulation. It is a philosophical position that we cannot rule out by our reasoning that we are not living in a simulation. There is nothing we know of (by observation or reasoning) that contradicts this position. This does not imply belief or suppor... | Technology |
How small can we go? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So the thing is we've never actually seen a bare isolated quark. It's actually impossible to separate one! Essentially if you put energy in trying to remove a quark from e.g. a proton, that energy will actually create one or more new quarks in a big 'jet' until all the energy is used up and all the quarks have one or t... | Biology |
if a lightyear is the distance light travels in one year, how do we know something is 1000 light years away? Would we not have to wait 1000 years before we know, or do we use something other than light to measure objects in space? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For distant stars and galaxies, there's some highly educated guesswork based on apparent speed and brightness, but for closer ones, there's actually a really intuitive method called **parallax**! It works like this: suppose there's some distant object like a mountain that you want to know the distance to. Notice that a... | Physics |
How is the relative value of currencies decided? Who decides how many $ = £ = ¥? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Literally thousands of traders around the world determine the relative value every second of every day. Large market makers (like investment banks, for example) publish their rates to buy and sell each currency quite freely asks (including market data providers). From these quotes a mid rate can be determined and that'... | Economics |
How do nature documentaries get such good sound? Do they use foley artists? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One legendary sound recorder for nature docs is Chris Watson. He used to be in Throbbing Gristle. Now he does the sound for David Attenborough. I once did a workshop in field recording with him. Getting sound to match nature documentaries is really an art all of it's own. They use a lot of tricks with different mics an... | Technology |
Why are some people more likely to have sleep paralysis, while others never have it or have only experienced it once? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Everyone or, at least, most people are capable of having sleep paralysis. Its nothing special as far as chemical imbalance go or something in genes or dealing with immune (it's been noted to be a common occurrence in narcoleptic people). But experiencing that transition from physically awake to mentally awake can vary ... | Biology |
why are wasps attracted to lawnmowers after they’ve been recently been used? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's basically the smell of freshly cut grass. The thing is, that smell is a chemical distress signal, almost like screaming for help. It's triggered when a part of the plant is cut off, originally by plant eating insects, but now by us. It attracts other bigger insects to save the plant, and in return, those bigger in... | Chemistry |
How do you explain average to My 5 year old kid? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Let’s say you had three friends come over, and you knew they were all bringing you some sweets for your birthday. Your first friend gives you 3 sweets. Your second friend gives you 5 sweets. How many sweets might you expect to get from your third friend? An ‘average’ is the expected value for an event, in this case ‘gi... | Mathematics |
Why do so many characters in movies and TV series have perfectly white teeth even if it does not fit their role at all? Is there a specific reason why teeth barely get any 'Makeup'? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because it would gross people out and they would be less inclined to watch. It sounds shallow, but is very likely to happen. I actually started watching a show called "Frontier" on Netflix: Ahistorical drama, set during the colonization of North America, all about the fur trade in the 1700s. Some of the main characters... | Other |
If the chord progression number system is i - II - iii - iv - V - VI - VII and your first chord is C minor, how do you determine what chord II and so forth will be? Also, how do you determine which order to play them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > ELI5 If the chord progression number system is i - II - iii - iv - V - VI - VII and your first chord is C minor, how do you determine what chord II and so forth will be? The numbers indicate the scale degree. i is the first note of the scale, ii is the second, etc. Which means you have to know the notes of the scale.... | Other |
What exactly happens during a clock cycle in a CPU? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ooo, I used to work on these, and I think like a 5yo, so this should be right up my alley. Remember the red light green light game in school? Each time you hear one red and one green, that is a clock cycle. Think of each kid as a different part of the CPU. Some kids are faster than others and can get farther than other... | Technology |
What do no tear shampoos have? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some people are probably going to comment here saying "no tears" means the other kind of tear, as in it won't break your hair, which is just plain wrong. Because if any shampoo is *tearing your hair*, you probably shouldn't use it. Eyes are very sensitive, and normal soap or shampoo has a higher pH than the water in yo... | Chemistry |
What is the purpose of the eyes iris and why does it's colour vary among individuals? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The iris controls the amount of light let into the eye. When it's brighter out, the iris is larger making the pupil smaller and letting in less, but light. When it's dark, the iris is smaller, making the pupil bigger and letting in more light. & #x200B; The color is due to melanin (a brown/black pigment that also affec... | Biology |
Why Isnt There A ‘Universal,’ Type Of Currency? Something Like The Euro, or Whatever Africa Is Currently Working On, But More Widespread | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Who would print this currency? Who would control it? Printing and shedding money are powerful tools for tempering the economy, and every country has its own economy. How would it be set up to avoid screwing over poor countries? Who would want to be tied economically to a country they can't control or influence? These a... | Economics |
the sun has a peak on instesity at wavelengths that correspond to the Green color, does it has any association with plants being Green? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A good explanation is given here URL_0 There isn't a consensus answer why plants are green. But some ideas are that by reflecting the green light it prevents the leaves from over heating, the leaves are already getting all the light they can use (photosynthesis also needs CO2, so if you are shining a really bright ligh... | Biology |
Could a country capable of space flight send a missile from outer space, down onto a target without anyone knowing who/where it came from? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Nope The US Space Surveillance Network is tasked with tracking satellites(active or inactive), spent rockets, debris, and anything else orbiting Earth. There are public ones that exist as well that track most satellites in orbit. If a missile comes from space it'd be pretty easy to track it back to which satellite laun... | Physics |
Do any animals besides humans find enjoyment in listening to music? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I think it would be really hard to qualify "enjoyment" in many species but I would imagine you could see changes in behavior linked to the music- start playing it and seeing a head bob in a parrot for example. But even we can't really qualify how we enjoy or choose our musical tastes you know? I know there was a study ... | Biology |
Do our eyes interpolate missing frames? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Our eyes are not cameras. There are no "missing frames", that's not how vision works. There are periods of light and periods of darkness, and our eyes ignore the darkness under the right conditions. Movies are smooth because they have motion blur, so moving things are blurred. When you can't afford the computation to d... | Biology |
why do digital numbers bounce? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The numbers on the microwave aren't solidly lit, they blink really fast. They have a high enough refresh rate that you can't tell under normal circumstances. When you chew something crunchy, the crunching is shaking your head and making that refresh rate more visible, so it leaves a sort of "trail" imprint on your visi... | Technology |
How does an infant transition from receiving oxygen through the placenta to breathing? How is there a constant supply of oxygen during labor? Are there dangers to the brain? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The umbilical cord attaches the baby to the mother's blood supply, so the baby does keep receiving oxygen (through the blood) during the birth process. If you google it, the minimum recommended wait time to cut the umbilical cord is 2 minutes after the birth; so, basically, no, there is no interruption in receiving oxy... | Biology |
How is reduced fat cheese made? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Literally, they just take the cream out of the milk before they start the cheese making process. You know low-fat milk? Well, that is milk with the natural cream removed. Low-fat cheese is cheese made from this milk. To make cheese, you add a starter culture of bacteria to “sour” the milk, and then add rennin to make i... | Other |
When a company commits a gross violation that affects people (physically/mentally/financially, etc.), why is the company forced to pay the government, instead of the people they hurt? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually they'll have to pay both. Fines levyed by the state is not meant to replace money companies have to pay for the damages they cause a person. Let's say a company causes you to lose a leg because of negligence, they might be fined by the state if they broke the law, but *in addition to that* they have to pay you ... | Economics |
what is the student debt bubble and what does it mean for those with student debt? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Lots of young people take out debt to go to school. School is expensive. Therefore there is a lot of student debt. Since this debt comes with a federal guarantee of repayment or comes from the government directly, it cannot be discharged in bankruptcy under most circumstances. The government sets interest rates for its... | Economics |
Why are auitoimmune diseases so unpredictable and hard to cure? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They're "unpredictable" because the number of different conditions with an autoimmune component is just *staggering*. To use a metaphor, think of the immune system as a *very* complicated machine with thousands of moving parts. If any one of those parts breaks, you'd still say the machine "broke down," but depending up... | Biology |
Not so long ago, everything chargeable needed an adapter; but these days almost everything is chargeable via USB. Why? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | One contributing factor was that the European Union legislated that all phones must be chargeable via interchangeable USB plugs. When a lot of electronic gadgets were *forced* to have USB chargers, others followed because it was convenient for them too. Nearly every consumer has USB chargers in heir home already. Made ... | Technology |
What causes small meteorites have large impact craters? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Physics baby! Kinetic Energy = 0.5 x (mass x velocity^2 ) If you add either mass or velocity you get more energy. If you add mass you get a little more energy, but if you add velocity you get *a lot* more. Things falling from space tend to have a huge amount of velocity, so even with just a little mass they still pack ... | Physics |
How is a cut down tree turned into paper? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The tree is smashed and shredded into teensy tiny bits. Then it is added to a lot of water. I think the mix is something like 98% or more water and a tiny amount of tree pulp. The mix might be bleached so it is white. It depends what kind of paper they are making. This mix gets stirred constantly so the pulp doesn't fa... | Other |
Why does beards exist only on man? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Beards aren't thought to be for protecting the face. The two main theories seem to be that (a) beards are a secondary sexual characteristic that indicates either sexual maturity or dominance to women, and (b) that beards are a side-effect of another selection process that themselves serve no particular purpose. If a is... | Biology |
why does washing your hands with a soap bar make them feel squeaky and rubbery after rinsing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is becasue soap is formed from; 1) a lye, sodium hydroxide (bar soap) or potassium hydroxide (liquid soap) and 2) fatty acids, vegetable oils usually but you can use animal fats. Each fat has a known [saponification value]( URL_0 ), the amount of lye required to saponify 1 g of the fat. You always have to have an ex... | Chemistry |
What is a DNS record composed of? What data can it store? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your question didn't make clear if it was about what goes on the wire or what is defined on the name server. On the wire, there are requests and there are replies. Requests only had the requested label and some basic options in it, modern requests also have a bunch of options it which could be of importance of the answ... | Technology |
Why does 5ghz Wi-Fi penetrate less than 2.4ghz? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are two different factors at play here. Both are very important and could easily be compared to am\fm radio. It's about wavelength. In the case of 2.4 vs 5 gig Hz it's more than twice the wavelength difference. How does wavelength impact the way the energy travels? 1 the lower the wavelength the farther the energ... | Technology |
How did Native Americans in the United States become so involved in the gambling industry? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act was passed in 1988 and, despite its name, legalized gambling on land owned by Indian tribes without any regulation. Those casinos don't have to be on Indian reservations and the tribes don't really have to have anything to do with the actual casino. All that matters is that the land its... | Other |
How come babies are able to learn the basics of a language just by hearing it but adults can't? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Adults can they just don't because it's very hard being that open minded. You need to copy what someone is saying, use context clues, don't get discouraged if they laugh, commit to not using your language, no translation even in your head. But many people do learn just by copying and mimicry like a baby but it also tak... | Other |
Why do people reject political beliefs/any other belief they can't even define? Are we just all ignorant? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We are bad at differentiating our disagreement with a view from our irrational dislike of such view. It takes quite a bit of attention, time and conscious effort to critically analyse a certain position and reach a conclusion following strict reasoning. We are very prone to follow our guts and believe what we're comfor... | Other |
Why does water put out fire? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fire needs fuel, oxygen, and heat. Using a matchstick as an example, the fuel embedded into the head of the match. When you strike the match, a moderate amount of heat is generated which triggers a reaction between the fuel and oxygen, making fire. Then, the fire continues to consume the fuel using oxygen in the air. A... | Chemistry |
Why is it that in web browsers the address will often have %20 between every word? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | %20 is the code for a space character. You're not allowed to have spaces in a URL, because otherwise including a url in a sentence like URL_1 upon a time would be really confusing. But if someone puts a file containing spaces on a web server, and you want to access that file, there needs to be a way. So the way you do ... | Technology |
Can someone explain to me what an Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) does in terms of statistics and studies? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Let's start with the basics. Univariate would be a single variable, such as my dog's weight: I weighed him several times and saw that he weighed 52, 53, 51, 54, and 53 pounds again. You could do some basic statistical analysis on this list, such averages (mean, median, and mode), standard deviation, etc. It gets more i... | Mathematics |
How do those glasses work that help colourblind people see colour? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The cones on your eyes overlap, and people who are color blind don't have a working cone for a particular color or whatever. The most common type is red-green color blindness where the red cones are much less sensitive than normal. Another thing is in general, the cones have large swatches of their range where they ove... | Biology |
Why do things turn black when they burn? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Your samples are all carbon based and elemental carbon is black. Also a lot of what we use to burn things uses fuels that are also made with carbons and leave black residue when burning. Burning is a fast chemical process that generally breaks down molecules into more basic elements, in this case black carbon. | Chemistry |
Why do certain things (like VapoRub) help with blocked noses? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A blocked nose isn't really to do with the amount of snot. There's actually erectile tissue in your sinuses which works very similarly to other erectile tissue (e.g. the penis). Blood vessels dilate (get bigger) which increases the flow to the tissue and it swells up, blocking the passage of air. Anything that unblocks... | Biology |
- How do firemen determine the origin of a fire? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The pattern of charring and extent of damage are frequently looked at. Additionally the way the fire moves is considered. Things like accelerants and trailers can cause a fire to burn in an atypical way indicating something was specifically done to allow fire to move from one location to another or burn more than it wo... | Chemistry |
What is the World Trade Organization? Why is it important? And what are the consequences of leaving it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The world trade organisation makes standards for trade which countries follow to make trade more efficient. For example, how to handle shipping animal/food products between countries, standard sized containers and related equipment, how to handle country of origin for products built in multiple countries and many many ... | Economics |
What is going on with the human body during Sleep Paralysis? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When sleeping, the brain releases a chemical that prevents the body from moving, so that actions taken in dreams will not cause you to for example, lash out your arm and break it against something. Sometimes, you come to Consciousness before the brain releases the chemical required to enable movements. That's all that'... | Biology |
What are the advantages of a duodecimal system ? Would it be worth to change the way we usually count ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The main advantage is that 2 and 3 are factors of twelve. That means that 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, and 1/9 can all be expressed with a finite number of "decimal" digits. It also means if you have "10" dollars, it can be split evenly 2, 3, 4, or 6 ways. By comparison, in base 10, only 1/2, 1/4, 1/5, and 1/8 have a finit... | Mathematics |
What is the difference between Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Lightroom? And when to use each one? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | PS is used to modify photos individually, add/remove objects, etc. LR is used to process photos individually or in batches, create catalogues, etc. There is a fair degree of overlap in the software. I prefer to use LR for most things, plus it allows me to quickly organise sets of photos. I use PS for focus stacking, ob... | Technology |
Watching the House Judiciary Committee - why, when the chairman asks the reason to pass to another speaker, do they say "Strike the last word" and the Chairman responds "Time to the x speaker"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's using a procedural rule to get time to speak. Essentially it's introducing an amendment to the bill being debated in committee (i.e. getting rid of the last word) and per the rules, the member introducing the "amendment" gets five minutes to present it. Of course, they don't formally introduce anything, as in real... | Other |
Why do we need to 'Cool down' after swallowing before we can do it again? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Swallowing is a whole process of involuntary movements after you choose to swallow. It takes a little time before you finish that process. Chug some water and put your hand lightly over your adam's apple. It will move up and down as you swallow. You'll see that there is only a very short delay before you can swallow ag... | Biology |
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