question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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How are internet speeds regulated by the service provider? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It can be done in simple software settings in the routers that direct the traffic to you. They limit the amount of data to you. Extra data Thai is not forwarded can be stored in a memory buffet or simply dropped. That is if the speed is artificially limited and not because of a slow link. | Technology |
How do pawn shops work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually the idea of "pawning" something is a way to get a short-term loan. If I need $100 but I have no job (for example) a bank is unlikely to give me that money because they have no way to know I'll pay them back. And if I won't or *can't* pay them back, I may get in trouble but that won't help them get their money b... | Economics |
What are enthalpy and entropy, respectively? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Enthalpy is how much heat is contained in a system (internal energy of the system (the energy required to create a system) and the energy required to make room for the system (energy of the pressure and volume). Entropy is a measure of how disordered the system is (how many different states a system can be in). So for ... | Chemistry |
How did Bernie Madoff’s scam work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | He collected money from investors. They kept their investments with him for decades in most cases. He sent them statements showing what trades he made that month and how much money they made from them. But the trades were all a lie. He had a guy who’s full time job was to look up stocks trading ranges and make fake inv... | Economics |
Can soap be infected? Or contaminated? I mean, it’s supposed to fight bacteria and all but if it’s covered in grime is it still able to function right? (IDK if this is chemistry or biology related) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes soap can get infected by bacteria. However, usually the bacteria that come into contact with it don't survive (for long), for a number of reasons: * The soap is generally kept dry, and dry porous surfaces tend to suck the water out of the majority of bacteria and kill them. * Liquid soap isn't dry, but is usually v... | Chemistry |
Why do some companies print their products expiration date in code instead of an easy to read format? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | That's not an expiry / best before date. It's a lot number. In case of complaints etc. it allows the company to know which production batch the pack is from. This allows them to investigate any problems more easily and trace where units have gone if they need to recall a batch due to e.g. finding out there was a proble... | Other |
Can you travel infinitely in a given space? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You've re-stated one of Zeno's paradoxes. Yes, you will finish the race, as the number of partial distances grows to infinity, the length of each partial distance and the time taken to traverse it becomes zero. It's not a paradox of physics, it's simply a failure on the part of the ancient Greeks to properly understand... | Mathematics |
How do snowflakes form into such amazing shapes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's the power of the permutation Snowflakes tend to be 6 sided because [Hexagons are the Bestagons]( URL_0 ). Because a hexagon has points that stick out, they make themselves "more available" to have new water molecules take hold, as compared to the sides of the hexagon. So you tend to get that 6 sided pattern that f... | Earth Science |
How are the relatively few Unites States telecommunication companies not an oligopoly that limits efficient competition of the market? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Many, myself included, would argue that they are. However, in antitrust cases brought against telecoms firms, courts have tended to, effectively, say: "This sector is highly regulated in ways designed to limit pricing power of firms (e.g. the 1996 telecommunications act) and therefore antitrust law doesn't need to be a... | Economics |
How can we know that the electron (photon) that hits the screen in double slit experiment is exactly the same one that we have shot? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > after all - what is a wave if not a group of particles? This is a classical view of waves. In QM we cant describe anything as just a particle. > Therefore, how can we be sure that it is the very same particle that we have started with? By being careful. We can fire 1 electron, or photon when using light, at a time at... | Physics |
How do planets...exist? Meaning...how are they not hurtling through space like rouge planets? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The reason is simple - all of the planets in our solar system were formed at the same time from the same ball of matter. Why does that make them exist on the same plane? Well, you take this ball of matter (mostly hydrogen gas), and in the center is where you're going to get the sun. Some of the matter is rotating clock... | Physics |
How do internet cookies work? Example: How is youtube able to know I visit disc golf sites and then give me ads for the sport? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The cookies themselves tend to be teeny tiny little text files. They almost never store much data. They usually are a couple configurations for some visual settings then the real important thing is an ID number. Like a site will say "this guy is #214412" then all the other sites they partner with can say "ah here is th... | Technology |
Is there an objective 'now' in the universe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ya kinda answered your own question I suppose. Our definition of now is what's happening at this moment. But like you said, just being in a different part of the universe can alter that because it's possible that your "now" has already happened in my "now" if we're going by relative time. The concept of now is based on... | Physics |
How does the human brain dictate when it's time to nap and when to fully sleep? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Multiple things control the desire to sleep. 1. The circadian rhythm. You have a part of your brain dedicated to knowing what time it is. It doesn't just control sleep, and it can be affected by things like light and temperature. Your brain releases chemicals based on this. 2. Melatonin. Your body makes this chemical, ... | Biology |
I always hear that billionaires and corporations do not pay taxes. It can't be that simple. What would their side of the story be? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s different for either case. The most common tricks though are the following though. **Corporate Tax** For corporations, taxes are only paid on profits. So the common trick is just to not make a profit, instead spend all money to grow the company as large as possible. The tax code generally accepts this because this... | Economics |
What makes humans not fall over? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can sense gravity and your orientation relative to the Earth's gravity with an organ in your [inner ears]( URL_2 ). And your body has nerves that automatically feel [where your arms and your legs are]( URL_0 ), and also how much weight is pushing down on them and how much effort the muscles have to expend in order ... | Biology |
Where does the volume of sugar stay when you pour it in water/tea? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The two answers given so far are incorrect. When you add sugar to water, the volumes are basically additive. Nothing mysterious happens. You can see this in the densities. The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. The density of sucrose is 1.59 g/mL. If there were some kind of "fitting between the spaces" happening in a solut... | Chemistry |
How physically different is the world from what we perceive through our eyes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is very, *very* different. "Eyes" are an organ that can perceive electromagnetic radition of a certain range of energies. The lowest possible energy we can perceive we call "red", the highest one a very "deep violet". Everything in between is other colours, and we basically perceive a mix of those. Assume you could ... | Other |
why did dial up modems need to make noise? Why couldn’t they silently send their signals through phone lines? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | After the connection is established, they would go silent. And they could be configured to be completely silent. But the nice thing about having the noise at the beginning was that you could tell when the connection had been established. There was an easily distinguished change in the noise that said "everything is wor... | Technology |
why are humans and other animals' feet angled instead of parallel when naturally walking or standing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | For humans, it's a result of bipedalism. Locked ankles and loose wrists also were a result. The slight angle you mention is more that the muscles that support walking, are weaker in some places. If you, or anyone else, force their feet a bit more parallel, you will feel sore in places you didn't think existed and it wi... | Biology |
Why can potatoes and onions continue to grow sprouts while in dry storage? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You mean like why can they do that while most plants require soil, water, and light to sprout? It’s because the energy needed to launch a sprout was already captured and is stored in the potato/onion. Potatoes are a root vegetable and they are created as energy stores. Thus the energy needed to launch a sprout is alrea... | Biology |
How does alcohol dry things out? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Alcohol and water are miscible (they can mix). If you place electronics in alcohol, it will reach all the tiny corners where water is hiding and mix with it, “diluting” the water. Then the alcohol evaporates, so the remaining water is now spread out over such a large volume that it evaporates quickly as well. The detec... | Chemistry |
Could a second Big Bang have happened outside of Known Space and our universes just haven't reached each other yet? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is this thing called the "observable universe", and its outer limit increases at the speed of light; at the same time, its outer limit expands away from *us* faster than the speed of light, since the space between us is expanding. People read this and misinterpret it to mean that outside of this increasing limit ... | Physics |
What goes into a whiteboard paint that makes it finish like a dry erase board and not a normal paint? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Dry/wet erase markers are basically just an ink that dries into something that doesn't stick well to a surface - dry erase forms a film, wet erase is water soluble. This works on any surface, in theory - you could use dry erase on rough wood, except that it would seep into pores and cracks and other rough spots before ... | Chemistry |
How do pathologists start searching for elements which could possibly be a cure for whenever a new viral or bacterial epidemic breaches? Do they like start from A till Z of the list of elements to find out which reacts to the pathogen or something? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Just to clarify, are you really asking specifically about bacteria and viruses or about diseases and conditions in general? Because for the former, we have antibiotics and antivirals and can start there (note: antivirals have a ton of side effects and don’t always work because it is very hard to target a simple protein... | Biology |
What is the biological significance of monogamy in humans? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Humans are fairly unique in monogomy. The evolutionary advantage of it was women would have one child at a time and both parents would be able to raise the child. This allows the child to develop better social interactions and learn lessons from tow adults as opposed to one. Almost every successful culture developed wi... | Biology |
how does odor transfer through plastic? And does it mean the object giving off the odor is technically penetrating the plastic? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes, any time you smell something *actual pieces of that substance are going into your nose*. Smell is physical contact between molecules and sensory cells in your nose. If you smell something through a wrapper or bag, yes, the odoriferous molecules are penetrating through the plastic. The molecules we smell tend to be... | Chemistry |
Why does the elephant necessarily have to be killed to get the ivory (tusks)? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Poachers aren't professionals, except maybe professional criminals. And not even usually that. They're guys with no job, whom somebody came to and said, *hey, you want to make some money this weekend?* They don't have the tools or expertise to safely (either for the elephant or themselves) anesthetize the elephants the... | Biology |
Why are chicken wings so cheap? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are actually four wings per chicken. Not actual wings, of course, but what you would eat as wings. It's the equivalent of your forearm and your bicep/tricep. Also, the majority of chicken that's sold in the US is the breasts and thighs. The backbone and scraps go to make chicken broth/stock. What's left is the wi... | Economics |
Why does creating bonds release energy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It doesn't always. Creating chemical bonds can either release energy or require it depending on the chemical properties of the compound(s). An example of creating a bond that releases energy is joining hydrogen and oxygen together into water, which is how hydrogen fuel cells work. An example of destroying bonds to rele... | Chemistry |
If a giraffe runs, it looks like it's running in slow motion. How? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | its legs are really long. So, one stride from a galloping horse takes longer and covers much more ground than a horse. A horse, in turn, moves its legs slower than a dachshund, which moves its legs slower than a mouse, which moves its legs slower than a bug. Its all about scale. | Biology |
What actually causes vibrato when singing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I teach voice. There is “natural” vibrato and “forced” vibrato. Natural vibrato is a slight 1/4-1/2 step fluctuation in pitch above the sung note, cycling about 6 times per second give or take, and occurs when you hit a sweet spot of vocal cord tension vs airflow, which is heard in well-trained voices. Forced vibrato i... | Biology |
Why does “North” = “Up” and when did mapmakers all decide on this? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some early Egyptian maps put south on top, while in medieval Europe, Christian cartographers tended to give that distinction to east, since you had to turn that way to face Jerusalem. Others placed east on top because of the rising Sun (that’s why we *orient* ourselves). And early American settlers sometimes used maps ... | Physics |
if the Galaxy is constantly moving, how come we have stars at fixed location? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes, everything is moving *ridiculously* fast but it's also **super ridiculously** far apart. It takes over 8 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth. It takes 5 hours for that light to reach Pluto. It takes 433 *years* for light to reach the North Star. Since stars themselves move at far slower speeds than light... | Other |
Why, when looking in a mirror, is the image flipped horizontally but not vertically? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because it's not flipped horizontally, it's flipped *back to front.* Your front is facing the mirror and the "front" of your reflection is now facing you. Because people tend to define their left and their right with respect to how they are facing ("your right or my right") this has the consequence of also flipping our... | Physics |
why do humans have periods instead of absorbing like many animals? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The short answer is we're not entirely sure. I can't quite remember, but menstruation is actually a relatively recent evolutionary phenomenon, it's found in distinct phylogenetic branches (the animals that menstruate are not related to each other), and it's quite rare too. A plausible and commonly floated hypothesis is... | Biology |
The differences between inner monolog and schizophrenia? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can tell what’s real and what isn’t. Basically. Schizophrenic people are really really unfortunate, when they have an episode, they believe their delusions. Imagine for a second, you are in a strange place, surrounded by people who want to do you harm, and it’s REAL. (But really you’re in a supermarket). Schizophre... | Other |
How do midterm elections affect the outcome of the Presidential elections? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Midterm elections do not directly effect presidential races, however, if the midterm election results in the opposing party gaining a majority of one or both houses, the president's party could find it difficult to pass any partisan legislation, as a combination of one or both houses and/or the president could face gri... | Other |
How does sun screen work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sunscreens only block ultraviolet lights, since that’s the part of sunlight that causes sunburns. Since sunscreen doesn't absorb visible light, it appears clear when put on your skin. But with the help of a [modified camera that sees UV light,]( URL_0 ) you see that the sunscreen looks like black grease paint. It appea... | Chemistry |
how weather can ‘feel like’ -10°C but not actually be -10°C? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The temperature you do feel with your skin is affected by endothermic chemical processes which happen on your skin and by your own body heat. One example is evaporation of water. So when it is very warm and also dry, you will feel an actual cooler temperature than what is shown on a thermometer because as your sweat ev... | Physics |
When watching a plane propeller or a car's wheel speed up to the point it looks like it is still again why do the propellers or wheels appear to be in the same position to all observers? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Here's an answer I gave in an earlier thread that I think helps make it more intuitive. As you'll see, the answer here doesn't depend on where the observer is standing, it depends instead on how far the blades are moving in a given rotation. Others have explained it pretty well, but I wanted to take a shot at this in a... | Physics |
Why does vehicles that operate on diesel vibrate so much? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Diesel require higher pressures to explode then petrol so the engines have to be built with heavier pistons that can handle the pressure. But this means it takes higher forces to make the pistons change direction and it is these forces that cause the vibrations. Additionally this means diesel engines are usually slower... | Other |
What does "pennies on the dollar mean"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The dollar is the price that you would expect, while pennies are the price that you're getting. So if I had a $2000 TV for sale for only like $100, you could say "I'm buying this TV for pennies on the dollar!" Because it's worth $2000 and you're only paying $100, you're basically only paying 5 cents for every dollar it... | Economics |
Why can't you see stars during footage of spacewalks? Why does space appear totally black? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | That's just to do with the camera settings. If you set the exposure to long enough that you'll see the stars, then everything in the foreground (astronauts, space shuttles, etc) will be really bright and washed out. In these photos, they don't want you to see the stars, they want you to see the astronauts. You're proba... | Earth Science |
The government turning bills into coins. What does it do or mean for the country? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To quote the wiki article of the bill > The 20 peso note will be changed into a coin that will be released in last quarter of 2019 or first quarter of 2020 to solve the overuse of this banknote that only takes a year to replace it with a new banknote based on a research by the University of the Philippines. The Bangko ... | Economics |
Why does water make some things slippery while also making other things more grippy? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends on both the materials of the objects in contact and the amount of force being applied. With the paper and grocery bag examples, there is little force and lots of adhesion. Paper and plastic bags are very porous on a micro level, giving the water lots of surface to 'stick' with. Adhesion with water, though, i... | Chemistry |
How does saving for retirement work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A lot of people rely on 401(k) (employer provided retirement plan) or Individual Retirement Account (IRA) to save for retirement. Anyone can open an IRA at any time, it's worth looking into. Even if you only put a little bit away each month it'll grow faster than it would if it were in a savings or checking account. Be... | Economics |
How dangerous is lightning to ocean life and boats? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Luckily for most fish/ocean life the resistance of their body is higher than the sea water around them. This means unless they are very near the surface any electricity in the water will stay in the water because it is easier for the electricity to not go into the fish. In regard to boats lighting rods designed to chan... | Other |
What technology advancement made LEDs become more useful than basic on/off indicators? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Probably the most important advancement was the blue LED. LEDs have always been much more efficient than incandescent lights, but were only available in red and green, so they weren't much good for general-purpose lighting or color displays. The invention of the blue LED in the '90s allowed full-color displays, and by ... | Technology |
Why can’t we just surgically remove/lipo all the unwanted or excess fat at once? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The easiest way to explain this is this: there's actually multiple types of fat, and they differ in how they're stored, as well as what it would take to remove them. Subcutaneous fat is, more or less, what people think of when they think of fat. It can be worked off through exercise, or it can be surgically removed rel... | Biology |
why does saying "tock, tick, tock, tick" seems really weird, but saying "tick, tock, tick, tock" sounds more correct? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is an example of what's called "ablaut reduplication". An "ablaut" is a specific type of change in a vowel sound; "reduplication" is repeating something exactly or almost exactly. In English, the vowels in an ablaut reduplication nearly always follow the same pattern: "i" comes before "a", which comes before "o". ... | Other |
What's the math behind proving a vaccine works? on the news they said double blind study, do they just say it works if less people get infected? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If you have a group of 20 000 people and you select people by random so 10 000 get the vaccine and 10 000 only get a placebo likely a saline injection. You then instruct them to behave as normal. Wait some time lest say 3 months and then compare the number that got the infection in each group. & #x200B; If zero that go... | Mathematics |
If every part of the universe has aged differently owing to time running differently for each part, why do we say the universe is 13.8 billion years old? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We're simply judging by earth years not relativistic years. Sure technically, certain parts have advanced further in "time" due to the effect of gravity. But according to us here on earth, looking out. There has been approximately 13.8 billion years since the big bang. (A year being the time it takes for the earth to c... | Physics |
How exactly do skateboarders manage to keep their balance when going up the side of a halfpipe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The black thing on top of our boards is called griptape which helps us keep our shoes on the board when we go up. It's also a little bit like a swing, when we go down or up the transitions we bend our knees and lean either forward or back to keep our center of gravity on the board. | Physics |
What is double moral hazard? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Let's say I own a business and hire you for a salary to work for me. You have an incentive to shirk, in ways I can't easily monitor or detect, because you get the same wage while the reduction in profits from your shirking only fall on me, the owner. Let's see say we then agree to implement a profit-sharing plan, rathe... | Economics |
Why does sugar from fruits not count towards your total daily sugar intake? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The primary "difference" is not in the sugar itself, but what comes with it. Eat an apple, and you get an apple's worth of sugar, but also an apple's worth of fiber and nutrients. Eat a Hershey bar, and you get somewhere around the same amount of sugar, and pretty much nothing else. | Biology |
How does the body symmetrically burn body fat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fat is not connected to muscle. When your body needs fuel from stored fat it releases hormones in to your blood to tell all of your fat cells to release energy back in to your blood stream. It has nothing to do with which part of your body is currently using the energy because your blood stream mixes everything togethe... | Biology |
Why does sperm turn into a kinda solid/dry glue when water hits it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Semen contains a ton of proteins that denature--read: cook--at just above body temperature, plus both a coagulation factor and a decoagulation factor that are active at different times. Semen gels up quickly after ejaculation, and then liquifies shortly after. Cold water will not gel the semen as much, but hot water es... | Chemistry |
Why are people allowed to create covers of famous songs and sell them/put them on Spotify? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In addition to what others are saying, if you get permission first you may be able to negotiate a lower royalty payment. A songwriter in the US does have the right to dictate who will be the *first* artist to use his/her song. After someone does it once, though, anyone else can do the song as long as they pay a royalty... | Economics |
How does a speaker produce multiple sounds at the same time? Do they just play the average tones of all information given at a time? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Take a look at [this picture]( URL_0 ). When playing a 100 Hz tone, the membrane of the speaker would move as indicated by the upper waveform, and when playing a 500 Hz tone, it would move as indicated by the waveform in the middle. Now if you want to play both tones at the same time, you would add both waveforms and t... | Technology |
Why is there such a push for natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy when hydro, solar, and wind are perpetual and cause little harm the environment? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In addition to large, lucrative industries lobbying the government to not lose said industries, hydro, solar, and wind are not *currently* very efficient, and do not handle peak loads. If demand for power were to surge, even if only for a relatively short period of time, it's not like you can make the wind blow harder,... | Earth Science |
How do they manage to find precise recordings to make those composite/mash-up videos, of hundreds of clips of a person speaking certain words, to make them sing a song, etc? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I've actually also wondered the same thing and I think I have an answer. I don't know this for certain but I imagine that what the people do is find several speeches by the figure they are using and then find the transcripts of the speeches. This is not normally very difficult particularly for public figures such as th... | Other |
How does a company go about separating, like with Activision Blizzard? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I can’t say In activisions case. But my old company simply bought themselves a majority share. This means the company took all of their profits and bought back their own stock. In my old companies case it took around 10 years to complete but with enough capital a company could do it overnight. | Economics |
How exactly does our brain "process" informations when we sleep? I've heard this before and was wondering what it actually meant. Also (if related) why does screen time before bed supposedly mess it up? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I can only give a partial answer without going to deep into things I don't know enough about. There are 2 states/protagonists/antagonists of your invulontary/autonomous nervous system (sympaticus and parasympaticus). The first one is active when you are active (physical work, stress, activities, concentration, active t... | Biology |
why is it so common for some women to get postpartum depression after giving birth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine every nutrient in your body building a human being and then all of that energy and power leaving your body. On top of the demands of parenthood, the anxiety that something could go wrong, that you’ll be a bad mother, that this world is too messed up to bring a child into. I can keep going forever honestly | Biology |
how do debt consolidation companies make money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They negotiate down the debt with the credit agencies, contest debts and offer lump sum payments of a lesser amount. For example, a lender or credit card company who has held a $5,000 debt for 3 years, is suddenly offered $2000 upfront to call it even they usually take it, or a collection agency has bought a $1,500 deb... | Economics |
How do Animals that live in the Ocean know where they are going? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I can only speak for sea turtles, but they have a distinct three stages of navigation: 1. When they hatch, they follow the reflection of the moon on ocean water. This is why they tell you not to have lights on at the beach during turtle hatching season. They basically just aim towards the light. 2. When they first get ... | Earth Science |
The first humans made crude stone tools 2.5 million years ago, but our recorded history is only 5000 years old. Wtf did we do for 24,995,000 years? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It was a long, slow buildup. We're used to history moving *FAST* because we have a globalized civilization with excellent record keeping, near instant access to huge amounts of data, and perfect communication. For the vast majority of human existence "civilization" was the 100 or so people you would ever meet in your l... | Technology |
What causes the discomfort in the ears when a sharp metal object scrapes against a dull metal object? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Scientists that have researched this effect say it's because of the frequency range the action produces. 2,000hz - 4,000hz. There are evolutionary reasons why our ears are so sensitive to this specific band in the audio spectrum such as the cry of a baby, the range of human speech, and many others. Couple that with the... | Biology |
How does exercise boost energy levels? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Regular exercise makes your muscles and your heart stronger. When you're stronger, it takes less effort to finish your regular day-to-day tasks. This makes it seem like you have more energy leftover after doing your regular tasks. This goes for intentional physical activities as well as just being alive (I.e. having a ... | Biology |
() When we forget something then remember it, are we re learning it or just pulling it out of somewhere? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | well for one, we dont completely know how the brain and memory works perfectly yet, but if in your scenario you see something 30 years later and go "oh yea like that video i watched about rabbits." then the new information is sparking that old pathway and youre pulling in the old information, even if you dont completel... | Biology |
Why does hot water freeze faster than cold water? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We don't know. We don't even know under which circumstances it happens. All in all, the [Mpemba effect]( URL_0 ) is a very hazy subject. Possible explanations for the [Mpemba effect]( URL_0 ) include: * Evaporation: The evaporation of the warmer water reduces the mass of the water to be frozen. Evaporation is endotherm... | Physics |
what is auth left, lib left, auth right and lib right? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The idea that rather than a single dimension of political differences (left vs right), there is more of a plane or square of ideologies. Going up you have more authoritarian (strong government) and down is libertarian (personal freedoms). Then you have an economic line that goes left (collectivism or socialism) and rig... | Other |
How does dechlorinator work for fish tanks? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hi! I'm a technical writer for an aquarium supplies company! You're right, they do have to go *somewhere*. Dechlorinators are *reducing agents*. The active chemical in the dechlorinator has an electron that it doesn't need. Chlorine really *wants* an electron. Chlorine kills bacteria because the chlorine will take elec... | Chemistry |
How does the relationship between acceleration and distance traveled work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If it's an ideal system with smooth continuous acceleration, then it goes like: an object starts initially with a speed of 30 m/s. Then over the course of the first second (from time point zero), it accelerates to 35 (reaches that by the end of the second). So average speed during the first second is actually 32.5 m/s,... | Physics |
Why are small bugs not afraid to fly directly up to humans/other animals that are much larger? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Bugs do not feel fear, or happiness, or anger, or Joy, or excitement, or sadness. They are automatons, and they react to stimuli automatically and without reflection or thinking of any kind. Their behavior has been programmed through millennia of survival and adaptation, and if a little bug flies up to a larger animal,... | Biology |
Why do pickles have less calories than a fresh cucumber of the same size? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Okay. So I looked it up a bit, and I might have an idea of what the slight loss in energy comes from? So in a traditional pickling process, vegetables (commonly cucumbers) are soaked in a salt solution (called a brine) and allowed to ferment. There is bacteria that begins lactic acid fermentation in the vegetable, and ... | Chemistry |
The significance of Platonic solids, what makes them different from the other shapes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They are polygons (3D shapes made up of flat surfaces joined together) for which: * the faces are identical in shape and size * the faces are regular polygons (so all their angles equal and all their sides are equal) * the same number of faces meet at each vertex (corner) of the polygon * the polygon is convex (it does... | Mathematics |
When geese are flying in a v-formation, why are there always a handful of geese flying out of line (in the center of the "v" shape)? Are they free loading? Are they verbally giving advice and instructing the flock? Why can't they just do their job like everyone else? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The V formation is an energy-saving technique. A flying object forms a rotating wake in the air, similar to the wake formed by a boat. By flying in this wake, birds get additional lift effectively surfing in it, so use less energy to fly. The one at the front has to work harder, so they regularly change position, so th... | Biology |
why do teeth “hurt” when eating extremely sweet foods? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Note that this isn't normal. It's generally a symptom of mild or moderate gum disease and excessive plaque, resulting in recession of the gum tissue. This is usually a result of a lack of flossing and/or poor brushing routine, but pain in this instance can also be caused by cavities. Either way if you have frequent too... | Biology |
How does a government nationalise an industry? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | BT is a public company so in theory the government can buy enough shares and force a hostile takeover. Many companies have little choice with nationalisation as the alternative is often liquidation. In these cases the owners would sell the business and its liabilities for a token amount (usually £1) and the government ... | Economics |
how does your phone figure out how full your battery is? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hi :-) All batteries have a nominal voltage, but the voltage changes depending on how full the battery is (and depending on the load). So your 4.2 volt phone battery will have 4.2V at full charge, and cuts off at 3.3V (as discharging it further will damage the battery). This is not completely linear, but the software a... | Technology |
How do batteries supply power to a phone? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A battery uses a chemical reaction to move extra electrons from one part (the `+` terminal) to another part (the `-` terminal). Since like charges repel, if you don't hook a battery up to something, after a while the "charge pressure" of the built-up electrons at the `-` terminal will prevent the chemical reaction from... | Technology |
When someone commits suicide in public, who’s responsible for the cleanup? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Whatever jurisdiction controls the area that the person who committed suicide died in. Was it in a city? Then the city cleans it up. Was it in an unincorporated area? Then it is the county's responsibility. Was it at a National Park? Then the federal government is responsible (though the body would be transferred to th... | Other |
Why do mountains look blue when there’s snow on them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | [Everything far away looks blue]( URL_0 ), for the same reason the sky is blue. Blue light gets scattered by the atmosphere, so you're seeing light scattered by the air between you and the mountain. I'm guessing it looks more apparent when the mountains are covered by snow, because snow it white, so the blue is more no... | Physics |
Why is urine yellow when dehydrated and clear when hydrated? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Clear urine is diluted. If the urine is yellow it's because the particulates in the urine are more concentrated. If you out a teaspoon of purple dye in a gallon of water and shake it, the water is a tiny bit purple. Put that same amount of dye in a glass and it's really purple. The same concept takes place with your ur... | Chemistry |
How was the Playstation 3 able to perform so well with only 256MB of RAM? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | PC run Windows OS that multipurpose generic OS that will consume 2+ GB of RAM on it's own plus there is other software running at the same time so with 4GB of there is not even 2GB left for the game. The game on console can be fine tuned to specific configuration of the console. On PC it must be prepared to work with d... | Technology |
How does one calculate the death toll from the aftermath of a bomb like the MOAB? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Aerial or satellite flyovers had likely established a "pattern of life" of the area before hand for days or weeks. This gives a decent idea of how many people were moving around, who many of them were, and the routines. That would give an upper end for casualty estimates. The whole area would continue to have this kind... | Other |
How do electronics with battery indicators "know" how much battery they have left? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Batteries voltage changes slightly as they discharge. A simple way is just to measure this voltage (like a battery tester). Smarter batteries, like laptop batteries, have micro-controllers built into them that allow the device to communicate with the battery. Charge is measured in Coulombs and battery capacity can be m... | Technology |
How do astronauts prevent the buildup of carbon dioxide inside the spacecraft? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are CO2 scrubbers that remove it. This is typically either lithium hydroxide or a zeolite that will chemically bind to the CO2 and pull it out of the air. By circulating the air of the craft through this system the CO2 concentration can be kept low and the astronauts able to breath. | Chemistry |
Why does 59 FPS and 60 FPS look drastically different to your eyes but in theory is just one frame apart from each other? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Technically they don't as long as the original source is shot in a multiple of the framerate. It's barely detectible if you have very good vision. Essentially if you just double the framerate of the source video its easy as just duplicating every frame. But if the original source video needs to be converted to a slight... | Technology |
Why does adding money into an economy affect inflation? Why can't prices remain fixed and incomes rise? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine that you live in a world where the only thing anybody wants is pizza, and each day one pizza is made, with exactly 100 slices, with varying toppings. There are exactly 50 people in this world, and every day, you dig holes, and for every hole you dig you get a dollar. At the end of the day, the pizza slices are ... | Economics |
How can the water stay in the sea without just oozing down through the ground? When it rains the water doesn't stay on top of the grass and asphalt so how can the water stay in a sea or ocean? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Water at the bottom of the ocean has already seeped as deeply as it can. The water runs all the way down to bedrock, and as such can go no deeper. The same is true for groundwater - it goes from the top of the water table all the way down to bedrock. When you pour water on asphalt or grass, it flows down to the water t... | Biology |
How do PC games identify pirated copies but some pirates bypass that? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You’re referring to DRM or Digital Rights Management. To understand how it works, you need to know a little bit about the history and the history goes back to the 1970’s! In the early days of arcade machines most of the arcade cabinets contained a system ROM (Read only memory) chip that stored the game code, but a seco... | Technology |
What is "PCIe 4.0" and what advantages does it have over its predecessor? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect express) is a standard for a type of socket in computers, generally on the motherboard, that other components like graphics cards, hard drives, wifi cards, etc, use to connect. PCIe 4.0 has a transfer rate of 16GT/s (Giga transfers per second), which is double that of PCIe 3.0 an... | Technology |
How do radio stations determine who is listening and how many people are tuning in daily? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Similar to TV ratings, they outsource it to a company (Arbitron - now part of Nielsen, which also does TV ratings). They have two ways of tracking ratings - they randomly choose people to fill out diaries, and (or at least they used to) randomly choose people to wear devices all the time that automatically detect what ... | Other |
Why are some batteries rechargable while others are not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can actually recharge non-rechargeable batteries such as alkaline batteries. However, they perform very poorly and take a very long time to recharge (Up to one day). They will also only last a handful of cycles before completely dying. I highly advise against trying this as your normal battery charger will likely c... | Chemistry |
why does increased air flow extinguish flames? Wouldn't you be adding the necessary ingredients? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why can air both extinguish and stoke up a fire? ]( URL_4 ) 1. [ELI5: Why does blowing air on a small flame put it out, but doing the same on a big fire only fuels it? ]( URL_0 ) 1. [ELI5: Why does blowing on a flame put it out, but glowing on coals ... | Chemistry |
When on a call on speaker, how does the other person not hear their feedback on their end? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Depends on the phone. Cheap phones have a gate. When the are playing audio they turn the microphone off. More expensive phones have echo cancellation. They know what audio they are producing, then they can subtract that waveform from the incoming audio waveform, leaving everything but the echo. You can tell if your pho... | Technology |
How is the USA in so much debt but the government is still spending so much money? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | People really like owning US government debt. It's considered an extremely stable way to store money. They are in fact so prized for their stability that right now, the return on them is negative. People are taking a loss to lend money to the United States. When you put your money into the bank, it doesn't just sit in ... | Economics |
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