id
stringlengths
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syllogism
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validity
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2 classes
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60fe7ed8-873b-4fb0-ac87-1dc330032a3a
There are no birds which are insects. There is no fly that is a bird. It follows, then, that some flies are insects.
false
true
3f27ae02-9e64-4c34-96d4-4e241a1c356c
No item that can be described as a cat is a dog. There exist pets that are dogs. We must conclude that some pets are not cats.
true
true
13b6fa09-35e7-4bf1-9bee-12474c668503
There exists no dog that is also a plant. There are no humans who are plants. The group of humans and the group of dogs are mutually exclusive.
false
true
1ddf5f37-b195-43ff-a681-6bbf256e74e0
There is a person who is both a politician and a lawyer. The group of senators includes people who are lawyers. The consequence is that some senators are politicians.
false
true
9b4f2ed1-786d-4b4f-a076-2c5dcfdc637b
Anything that is a flower is made of metal. Every single rose is a flower. At least one rose is made of metal.
true
false
a2c6000f-14cf-4763-98a8-247ebc65773f
Every single thing that is a truck is a vehicle. It is the case that a number of pickups are vehicles. Consequently, some pickups are not trucks.
false
false
66becbb7-c25e-4311-9351-8ae03584a7f6
There are no animals that are both fish and warm-blooded. The entire group of mammals consists of animals that are warm-blooded. Fish and mammals are mutually exclusive categories.
true
true
4510d170-3c4e-455b-a819-2c2e88fe1655
Every single reptile is a living thing. The set of animals contains no living things. Not a single reptile is an animal.
false
false
dff7e3d0-0d22-47b4-a2df-100757a822f5
Anything that is a fish can fly. It is also the case that every single bird can fly. From this, it can be concluded that all fish are birds.
false
false
b436f6f9-ef9a-4109-9d2e-6c1de2d3bea0
There are some sweet foods that are cakes. There are no cakes that are salty foods. It is the case that no salty foods are sweet foods.
false
true
290712e0-73c5-4144-af4e-1ffca0c6ed18
Not a single thing that is a machine is an animal. It is known that a portion of cars are machines. Thus, it must be true that some cars are animals.
false
false
7af1f61d-43ed-4320-b76a-3f4137373e22
Anything that is a priest is a man. Every single pope is a man. It is necessarily concluded that every pope is a priest.
false
true
fc0f46f1-7745-4e5b-8448-f15f54ba1970
There is no machine that is a chair. A few chairs happen to be things that are made of wood. Therefore, some things made of wood are not machines.
true
true
8a7cff1f-9701-43ed-81cb-17e5fe597f0f
Every single house is a thing that is a building. A shed is never a thing that is a building. It follows that no shed is a house.
true
false
7365d303-9046-46f0-8fdc-d668a2845007
There are no parrots which are mammals. Some birds are parrots. This implies that no birds are mammals.
false
true
1d4de649-8f04-436a-b489-abb438c23bcb
Every single bird has the ability to read novels. There exist some pigeons which are birds. Therefore, some pigeons can read novels.
true
false
c734ea25-7d1d-4611-b3f5-9a7a5928bb21
Nothing that is a land animal is an aquatic animal. A certain number of hippos are to be found among the land animals. Thus, it can be concluded that some hippos are aquatic animals.
false
true
777cdc8f-1a66-4ad2-bf27-633f430f0183
There are no vehicles that are made of metal. Every single car is a vehicle. This means that no car is made of metal.
true
false
b4528712-3ba2-4790-8758-0b31c91d3d20
Some writers are also poets. It is known that some novelists are writers. It has been said that some novelists are poets.
false
true
68e9865c-5c39-473d-84ab-16216fa77d7e
Every single organism that is a fish lives in trees. Anything that is a salmon is a type of fish. It is necessarily concluded that all salmon live in trees.
true
false
f37a0e86-98bb-459b-8d6d-60b3455de955
Any and all humans are mortal. It is a known fact that all humans are primates. Thus, every single primate is mortal.
false
true
26d7b707-2358-4873-bc57-d4aa724f7f22
Anything that is a sparrow is also a bird. There are some bats which are not birds. This necessarily means that some bats are not sparrows.
true
true
4f301646-128a-4478-96f3-94ddd9ba282d
There are some animals that are not mammals. Everything that is a dog is a mammal. Thus, every dog is an animal.
false
true
5ab729fc-d0d1-45fa-8588-7b270389800f
Anything that is a poet is also a writer. All writers are people who are creative. We can conclude from this that a portion of creative people are poets.
true
true
1b1b97d3-969d-4921-9095-42863228cbab
Anything that is a mammal is a creature that is warm-blooded. Some animals are, without a doubt, mammals. Therefore, every single animal is made of wood.
false
false
7b01a111-ae3b-4cf5-85ea-31dfe1da204c
It is the case that every single stone is a cloud. Anything that is a cloud is an animal. Therefore, a few animals are stones.
true
false
348536c7-1f02-4527-9794-f6ab7fdf1144
Nothing that is an emotion is a feeling. Certain emotions are classified as sadness. It must be the case that some sadness is not a feeling.
true
false
f3fecb37-13d4-413b-b97c-7bd23d52e3f8
It is the case that no liquid is a fluid. All water is a liquid. Consequently, some of the water is not a fluid.
true
false
8078870d-5ee2-4765-a771-bd795e0a10cf
There are no paintings that are also works of literature. Every single novel is a work of literature. The implication is that there exist some novels which are not paintings.
true
true
6a373226-2cee-4447-a3e5-1edd8c8af430
There exist vegetables that grow. Every single vegetable is a plant. It follows that not a single plant is a vegetable.
false
false
977d509f-bff0-4f82-b5bb-440e1ce5f8d0
Anything that is a square is a quadrilateral. There are no shapes that are triangles which can also be described as quadrilaterals. There exist certain triangles that are not squares.
true
true
e6449020-f9d5-4bc0-b0a2-561fa0d15d30
The group of professionals is a subset of the group of people. Everything that is a doctor is a professional. Therefore, there are some people who are not doctors.
false
true
8485cc49-e043-42b7-ae68-49245e4954fe
Anything that is a car is a vehicle. Every single sedan is a vehicle. This means that all sedans are cars.
false
true
42ac3db3-2da4-4208-9db9-9affc3d18dc4
It is true that some things that are trees are not oaks. Everything that is a tree is a plant. It follows that there are some plants that are not oaks.
true
true
930de84a-a92b-430d-893f-263036dbffec
There are some vehicles that are machines. Every single car is a vehicle. It is therefore the case that every car is a machine.
false
true
8040b38f-9c99-420a-b661-c0897591b31b
Anything that is a liquid is not a solid. There is no water that is a liquid. Consequently, every drop of water is a solid.
false
false
6904b1e8-8a48-4ef1-b450-d8f54773bf96
It is not true that any flower is a plant. All things that are roses are flowers. Thus, some roses are not plants.
true
false
13f2e9a6-8df5-459d-987d-2348f712aadc
There are some creatures that are mythical that are centaurs. Every single one of the centaurs is a domesticated animal. Consequently, it is the case that some domesticated animals are mythical creatures.
true
false
f487c925-ab9d-43a0-9139-1a598deacc51
There are no vegetables that are apples. Among the apples, a few are red fruits. Not all red fruits are vegetables.
true
true
a45774a3-287d-449e-8015-57d0a0b6e3d4
There is nothing that is a canine which is also a feline. Every animal that is a dog is, by its very nature, a canine. It can be logically concluded that no dogs are felines.
true
true
675842ed-60c4-40ab-9f9b-cf0c90280d88
Every single human is not a fish. There are a few fish that are also creatures that live in water. It is the case that not all creatures that live in water are humans.
true
true
b62e49b6-12d4-47d9-87df-e7df1d978057
There are no animals that are rocks. It is also true that no cats are rocks. Therefore, it is argued that there are no cats which are animals.
false
false
8da50b76-04db-4f6c-b820-de5f57498334
It is the case that all actors are performers. There are some men who are actors. Therefore, we can derive that some men are performers.
true
true
475ce940-a63d-4940-9254-be1e35243cfa
There are some dogs that are cats. There are no cats that are reptiles. As a result, some reptiles are dogs.
false
false
a387bf65-5020-4833-bfed-c12eb551e259
Every single country has a capital city. The entity known as France is a country. There is at least some part of France that has a capital city.
true
true
a6abf627-c349-4eff-9138-1989a2c50491
The group of creatures that have eight legs does not intersect with the group of arachnids. All of the arachnids are spiders. It must be the case that a portion of spiders are not creatures that have eight legs.
true
false
baeb9911-e69d-433c-9934-36988fdc2f53
It is the case that no bird is a reptile. A portion of the penguin population are birds. Thus, some penguins are excluded from the group of reptiles.
true
true
c0f8e211-64fb-4b10-8a12-14d0def3f5b9
Every single liquid is wet. It is known that no sand is a liquid. Consequently, there are no things made of sand which are wet.
false
false
c81d6f35-5656-4c9e-8e8c-bd50cbc341e5
There are no plants that can be called trees. It is also true that every plant is a type of vegetable. This has led to the conclusion that every vegetable is a tree.
false
false
fe7ee440-ef75-481a-b562-4bd665bb11c9
Anything that is a table is not a tree. There are tables, and some of them can be identified as furniture. Based on this, a portion of furniture pieces must not be trees.
true
true
59598fb3-62fa-42dd-9498-8ae6fdc51cbc
Every mammal is an animal. Every fish is an animal. This suggests that some fish are mammals.
false
false
4a0e2133-b509-468a-8d8c-93362fc9cc82
Every single tree is a thing that is alive. Anything that is a plant is alive. At least one plant is a tree.
false
true
f6b85a4a-31b9-4180-b404-3890742180a2
There is no square that is a circle. Some of the shapes are squares. Therefore, it is the case that some shapes are circles.
false
true
02a6d9c3-9704-4290-905b-f427482c06c8
It is true that every pen is an object. Some things are not pens. From this, it can be claimed that some things are not objects.
false
true
81346be1-76d7-4051-b57c-05f0145dcd9c
There is no overlap between living things that can breathe oxygen and rocks. All things that are rocks are animals. Certain animals are not living things that can breathe oxygen.
true
false
eff0c9a8-448c-42ea-a85d-516e2cfa8a91
It is the case that no mammal is an animal. There are some dogs that are animals. It must be the case that some dogs are not mammals.
true
false
0112296e-72b9-40a8-89d9-6423f59a958a
Every triangle is a shape. No circle is a triangle. Therefore, no circle can be a shape.
false
false
97bd1911-5aca-41a1-ba6f-835f2ba45abf
Every cat is a mammal. The set of dolphins contains no cats. Every single dolphin is a mammal.
false
true
ac9700ee-cf8e-428b-9f4a-88a7a21a73bf
Every cat is an animal. There are a number of dogs that are animals. It follows from this that every single dog is a cat.
false
false
92732329-128c-43fa-a364-94c90d08162f
Every single car is a type of vehicle with an engine. There exist some bicycles that do not have an engine. It is the case that some bicycles are not cars.
true
true
050b76be-03f5-4435-a74d-9e93cefce5f5
It is a fact that all cats are felines. Everything that is a feline is a mammal. Therefore, every single mammal is a cat.
false
false
f00f038d-2271-4b3f-9044-069732724dd5
Any creature that is a bird is an animal. A portion of animals are kept as pets. Some pets are not birds.
false
true
da09c581-be6d-4d5e-952c-94c944e8a751
Every fruit is an object that contains seeds. Without exception, all apples are fruits. It can be concluded that every apple contains seeds.
true
true
1e137e72-636d-4cc6-9547-2266ee83ed53
There are no moons that are also planets. Everything that is a planet is also a celestial body. Some celestial bodies are not moons.
true
true
cbfc916b-9232-4bcb-8641-edcf556260a0
Nothing that is a fiction book is a biography. Some novels fall under the category of fiction books. This allows us to state that some novels are not biographies.
true
true
b0363392-5e97-4d9d-b9a5-6e3af4510d4e
Mountains cannot be oceans. Every mountain named Everest is a mountain. It must be that some mountains named Everest are not oceans.
true
true
68943d30-671d-4073-9a96-ee59872b9843
There exist no machines that are also humans. Anything that can be called a student is, without exception, a human. No students are machines.
true
true
9deb885f-2862-4ceb-86b7-c0fbc19e2691
Not a single rock is an animal. Every single item which is a dog is a rock. This implies that some dogs are animals.
false
true
47de8cdb-8488-455b-bb84-d99fce683591
Anything that is a triangle is not a shape with three sides. Every single thing that is an equilateral triangle is a triangle. Therefore, it is the case that some equilateral triangles are not shapes with three sides.
true
false
f15e7b0d-2dab-45f1-b6cf-7d62415c7119
It is the case that no computers are laptops. It is also true that no tables are computers. From these statements, it can be concluded that some tables are laptops.
false
false
5207dc42-0a3f-40d0-b022-43b3864dc8b1
Every single star is a planet. No planets are suns. It is therefore a sound deduction that some suns are not stars.
true
false
f9127a5c-d34b-4472-aa6f-82d8c32f0c42
Anything that is a human is a mortal. All things that are trees are mortals. This means that everything that is a tree is a human.
false
false
cf153c16-caa8-4381-ba89-271ab817b327
A smartphone is a tool. Everything that is a tool is a robot. This is why every robot is a smartphone.
false
false
9cab23f7-fba3-4286-ad44-0fe56268ff98
There are some planets which are roses. All roses are, in fact, flowers. It follows that some flowers are planets.
true
false
96b67dc0-7b49-45dd-9435-5e34c73a408d
Nothing that is a vehicle is able to fly. Each and every airplane is a vehicle. It is therefore a fact that no airplane is able to fly.
true
false
893389ed-b336-4b90-9b1c-9f6bcc595862
None of the things that are cats are aquatic animals. All tigers are things that are cats. It follows logically that some tigers are not aquatic animals.
true
true
7ac17eef-bc85-42eb-a4bd-0c356cb90ad2
Every single thing that is a dog is a mammal. Anything that is a cat is a mammal. From this, it can be stated that some cats are dogs.
false
false
f8f7078c-79ba-4085-8343-21a4b63d4c21
There exist some individuals who are artists that are not painters. Every single person who is an artist is a creative person. It follows that some creative people are painters.
false
true
7f48e605-47b8-4f1d-914c-d0f3c42593a3
It is not true that any mammal is a fish. There are a few fish that are also humans. There are some humans that are not mammals.
true
false
9d0f6e59-163b-4aac-bede-cac5938a90a3
Everything that is a living organism is a thing that consumes energy. Any and all plants are things that consume energy. This means that all plants are living organisms.
false
true
17888115-1faa-438c-8260-5dc06d9c0c64
It is true that some Europeans are people. Among the items that are Germans, some are people. The only conclusion is that some Germans are not Europeans.
false
false
4c424337-e384-43c6-a130-fcc14a34f3fb
Everything that is a cloud is also a reptile. Everything that is a cloud is also a fish. Hence, some fish are reptiles.
true
false
cd4bdf9a-bb6a-49bc-973b-bd0aa6c4b732
Any item that is a tree is a plant. It is the case that a portion of pines are plants. Therefore, not all pines are trees.
false
false
484629f1-3062-4086-b455-4892eb08d4e6
Nothing that is a fruit is broccoli. All items of broccoli are vegetables. A subset of vegetables is not fruit.
true
true
e1f1def4-57f6-41e8-8e37-11c23329583c
There are some buildings that are not skyscrapers. All buildings are considered structures. It is therefore true that some structures are not skyscrapers.
true
true
d7afe323-d509-4dec-a2e0-28e03a26902e
Not one single nonfiction book is a fictional work. All novels are fictional works. It follows from this that some novels are not nonfiction books.
true
true
9a3154a2-4a7e-4f26-ae0d-e97e2cec7ef0
Some fast food restaurants have a drive-thru. There are coffee shops which are also fast food restaurants. It follows, then, that some coffee shops have a drive-thru.
false
true
ea4ed2ab-8c5b-43f2-b726-218533f2939f
Every single vegetable is a planet. Anything that is a planet is a musical instrument. It is a logical necessity that some musical instruments are vegetables.
true
false
e1d85847-da07-45e8-aae3-34ee3008c4b7
Every mammal is a thing that is an animal. There is not a single dog that is an animal. Consequently, no dog is a mammal.
true
false
a118c2fa-37f7-4086-a209-5fb8b90e4c78
The category of moons and the category of celestial bodies do not overlap. All celestial bodies are planets. A subset of planets are moons.
false
false
b3b36ad2-d5c0-4e89-834d-65bb2d69c3c4
There are no rocks that can be classified as plants. Some granite is included in the category of rocks. Consequently, it follows that some granite is not plants.
true
true
c648392e-e91c-4046-97fc-4acb588a0a42
Every single creature that is a pig is capable of flight. There are some farm animals which are pigs. Therefore, a portion of farm animals can fly.
true
false
5c343f7b-d752-4ebe-92c2-1055da055868
No liquids are cats. Some dogs are liquids. It is concluded that some dogs are cats.
false
false
5938206b-fa51-46ed-8a8d-549d39ee4249
Not one cat is a pet. Everything that is a cat is a mammal. It follows that all pets are mammals.
false
false
b41d3226-616d-475f-8112-11a869a6cfa7
The set of artists contains no people who conduct systematic research. Every single scientist is a person who conducts systematic research. Artists are not scientists.
true
true
34b58acf-6301-4373-90cc-aa8b04fb151d
It is the case that all dogs are mammals. No cats are dogs. It follows that no cat is a mammal.
false
false
8723ea49-3989-4559-86ee-efe1fbd90384
There are no birds that are fish. It is the case that some parrots are birds. We can conclude that no parrots are fish.
false
true
c061e039-e726-41ad-a8a6-e782b7bf417b
The class of insects and the class of creatures with eight legs do not overlap. All creatures with eight legs are spiders. A subset of insects are spiders.
false
false
bcaacbd3-c582-4316-bc1c-327a00965f63
Every single cloud is a vehicle. There are no clouds that are buses. Therefore, there is no bus that is a vehicle.
false
false
06689352-cd51-48f4-8767-0864666d0941
Anything that is a novel is a book. All books are publications. From these facts, it is clear that a few publications are novels.
true
true