id
stringlengths
36
36
syllogism
stringlengths
70
234
validity
bool
2 classes
plausibility
bool
2 classes
2351a576-f65f-4566-b885-6dfc14525c09
There are no reptiles that are humans. It is also true that no ant is a reptile. It follows that no ant is a human.
false
true
72458ea2-0688-472b-bb76-2790c794ba46
There are some animals that are mammals. There are no mammals that are birds. It follows from this that some birds are animals.
false
true
80d2725e-50ab-4668-81c2-5d009dab1bec
Liquids are in no way substances. Anything that is a liquid is a fluid. It's the case that some fluids are not substances.
true
false
cf2dcde2-450d-45e2-b775-0f97c9ebb406
Every single piece of gold is a precious substance. No plastic is gold. It follows that no plastic is a precious substance.
false
true
0e536e76-40a1-4af6-b344-b2e04598d3bc
Every novel is a work of fiction. No work of fiction is a news article. It is thus the case that no news article is a novel.
true
true
ec3d4144-b083-43d2-a400-20da589c8627
It is true that everything which is a bird is a winged creature. There are no insects which are birds. A conclusion that can be drawn from this is that there are no insects which are winged creatures.
false
false
aa8571b5-b9e0-4010-b67d-dcf832c29429
Anything that is a tree is a musical instrument. There are some oaks that are not musical instruments. This leads to the conclusion that some oaks are not trees.
true
false
fc9ba5ef-3933-4ed5-a40a-d70c483eee95
Anything that is a car has an engine. It is the case that no bicycle is a car. No bicycle has an engine.
false
true
b3a91f20-41e0-45b3-a152-92f28e8999c1
It is not true that any insect is a creature with eight legs. Every insect is a spider. It follows that every spider is a creature with eight legs.
false
true
1e545339-9d43-4dc5-8d0a-8a64858b3fbb
A few shoes are fruits. Every single fruit grows on a plant. It can be deduced that some things that grow on plants are shoes.
true
false
0092296f-5c8d-4c79-9641-8df244a2c6ba
Absolutely nothing that is an aquatic animal is a feline. It is the case that some cats are aquatic animals. Thus, not all cats are felines.
true
false
cc170ddf-ad97-48d0-aa6f-ec21373c1c9c
There are no things which are animals that are plants. Everything that is a tree is a plant. Consequently, there exist some trees which are not animals.
true
true
c5d0501c-c25b-40c1-91c0-603b613de0cf
Not one single doctor is a person who performs on stage. Every single musician is considered a person who performs on stage. Consequently, there exist some musicians who are not doctors.
true
true
1be779ce-f518-4780-9c11-ddbdfb91a860
Fathers are in no way humans. Anything that is a father is a mother. There are some mothers that are not humans.
true
false
ace56295-ca7c-490f-b69b-8f1293edeede
Everything that is a car is a sentient cloud. All sentient clouds are plants. This means that some plants are cars.
true
false
74516312-5969-4166-b84e-a34afc2d12bf
All sedans are cars. Every sedan is a vehicle. Therefore, all vehicles must be cars.
false
false
22a7186f-60ee-4566-8853-3f3f07b652b3
There are no flying creatures which are birds. A certain number of sparrows are flying creatures. It follows that not all sparrows are birds.
true
false
664267a1-59e1-481f-a04a-191ed6ed7a83
No fish are creatures with fur. All of the animals that are considered mammals are creatures with fur. Consequently, it can be said that some mammals are not fish.
true
true
6dfa2e90-5139-4564-bb80-b6c343f867b0
Nothing that is a vehicle is a mode of transportation. A certain number of cars are composed of vehicles. It follows that a portion of cars are not modes of transportation.
true
false
b99063c8-66a9-43a6-add5-5a10d18780d2
It's the case that all furniture is made of wood. Anything that is a chair is also made of wood. Some chairs fail to be furniture.
false
false
8c994dd2-d609-47b8-b002-c10f92225451
Every single dog is a mammal. All mammals are birds. Consequently, every single bird is a dog.
false
false
fdd91c7e-cceb-4813-898c-9dd9159f5305
Anything that is a stone is soft. Every single diamond is a stone. A certain quantity of diamonds is soft.
true
false
5442d653-ac16-4a02-a968-da6ac2c6d636
There is no fish that is a mammal. There are no dogs that are mammals. It can be deduced that there are no dogs that are fish.
false
true
d33723e6-311d-4079-9752-a198fcfb0180
There are no polygons that are shapes with three sides. All triangles are shapes with three sides. The implication is that some triangles are not polygons.
true
false
0cb166c1-cc61-4585-bf4b-baad5b3028a2
Every single liquid is a fluid. There are some water bodies which are liquid. Water is in no way a fluid.
false
false
45fcf3e0-d667-4856-8268-4df37fd3a8bb
There are some animals that are birds. It is a fact that some animals are not fish. It must be the case that no fish is a bird.
false
true
ca7aa5a8-fa01-460c-9791-99317715aa93
Every single dog is capable of photosynthesis. There exist dogs which are poodles. This implies that a portion of poodles can photosynthesize.
true
false
1638fd0c-b370-4d7a-8036-97f0468e886d
There are no shirts that are also pants. It is true that no jacket is a pair of pants. Therefore, we can conclude that a few jackets are shirts.
false
true
5f470790-9bf1-4f1f-898e-c7d7ca738cf9
There are no mythical creatures who are people. A few mythical creatures are aliens. It is the case that a portion of all aliens are people.
false
false
90ae3f81-b254-45fb-99c6-1636309c7715
Every dog is a mammal. All cats are also mammals. Therefore, it must be that some cats are not dogs.
false
true
31c63f8f-d490-467e-a885-4dfe4bfddc8b
Anything that is water is also an H2O molecule. There is no ice that is an H2O molecule. Therefore, ice cannot be water.
true
false
020fa6a9-78fa-42d2-987a-7aa9c21ed5ff
There are some smart people that are physicists. Every physicist is a scientist. As a result, every single scientist is a smart person.
false
true
6b8e7633-e0e5-4bd2-808f-97bd90d5a065
Every single vegetable is green. Anything that is a leaf is green. It is necessarily concluded that every leaf is a vegetable.
false
false
e678f76a-260f-4b2f-b2c6-3d3a5a992e6d
There are no objects that are furniture. Each and every table is an object. It follows that no table can be an item of furniture.
true
false
bcf96192-4ae8-4834-ab5d-7b2f8c36465b
There are no animals that are both carnivores and herbivores. A certain number of wolves are carnivores. It follows that no wolves are herbivores.
false
true
8acb7e95-5790-4e97-abde-feb0e3b60129
Every single nurse is someone who can fly. A few nurses are doctors. Therefore, a certain number of doctors can fly.
true
false
5014a30a-93f6-421c-900d-175499c326ff
There are no stars that are planets. Each and every star is a celestial body. It is therefore true that every celestial body is a planet.
false
false
19e7c1c2-9130-43bd-abfc-f7cbaf4c2a6b
Anything that is a planet is secretly a robot. Every single thing that is secretly a robot is a living thing. From these facts, it is clear that a few living things are planets.
true
false
09a2e249-2d06-47db-a7cb-d6da64814054
There are no vegetables that are fruit. It is the case that no fruit is a potato. Therefore, some potatoes are not vegetables.
false
true
f0e91b6c-be2c-4558-b627-2ecb7b09e00a
It is not the case that animals are non-birds. Of the items that are hummingbirds, some are non-birds. It must be the case that every single hummingbird is not an animal.
false
false
a938e32a-2811-4406-8d78-092fc55e1eb5
Stars are in no way celestial bodies. Anything that is a star is a planet. It's the case that some planets are not celestial bodies.
true
false
3b1f2da1-913d-4fef-a40b-394545bdd73d
There exist mammals who are cats. Every single dog is a mammal. It follows that not a single dog is a cat.
false
true
fda01b69-75f5-4d16-8604-0ddb8cdec3c1
Every single grape is a fruit. There exist some carrots that are not fruits. It must be that some carrots are not grapes.
true
true
31696c08-057b-4e85-9a88-c730c82831da
Every person who is a child is a mortal. All mortals are humans. Consequently, every single human is a child.
false
false
25865228-432c-496c-997a-304fdb99a0c3
Anything which is a doctor is also a person. There exist some surgeons who are doctors. This means that some people are surgeons.
true
true
9283054f-e98c-4299-b6e7-8dd6f7a081d5
Every single polygon is a square. No triangles are included in the category of squares. Some triangles are not polygons.
true
false
6f8772d9-64c8-4296-85fb-898046c33a6e
Dogs are in no way cats. There are no cats which are fish. There exist no dogs that are fish.
false
true
ef38a966-b81e-4116-82ab-97eb995ca2fe
It is true that every dog is a mammal. Anything that is a dog is an animal. From this, it can be claimed that some animals are mammals.
false
true
851af011-a610-4890-bef7-fc9865d28ebe
It is true that every single number is a concept. There are some prime numbers which are not concepts. It must follow that some prime numbers are not numbers.
true
false
ebc9f1a5-9193-4a67-b187-2bf5781c3abd
Any animal that is a cat is a mammal. There isn't a single fish that is a cat. This means that no fish is a mammal.
false
true
362d75b6-69fd-409f-8b73-fd61a1b208cc
Any animal that is a lion is a carnivore. No gazelle is a carnivore. It is impossible for a gazelle to be a lion.
true
true
87969ab1-7991-427e-be3c-4045e303f301
Every bird in existence is made of glass. There are some robins that are birds. It follows, then, that some robins are made of glass.
true
false
349c7b91-ee3d-4f96-af31-4d00249e65cc
It is the case that no cats are dogs. It is also true that no birds are cats. Thus, it can be concluded that some birds are dogs.
false
true
1bfaf1e4-1a78-4bf7-9435-b52586ffbe36
It is not the case that every novel is a short story. Every single thing that is a novel is a book. One can therefore conclude that some books are not short stories.
true
true
f4795f98-61d3-4194-87d9-6aa2ba5e4d92
Every single thing which is a fish is a creature. It is also the case that every single cat is a creature. From this, it follows that all cats are fish.
false
false
b39d5a7e-40c0-4236-80d4-24238aa65f8f
It is the case that no cars are bicycles. Every single thing that is a Ferrari is a car. Therefore, some Ferraris are not bicycles.
true
true
36bba00b-4596-453f-aa17-dcf20ad0768c
It is the case that every teacher is a college graduate. Some professionals are also known to be college graduates. Thus, it can be concluded that some professionals are also teachers.
false
true
eb9ea924-9bf6-46d7-bbad-5cf8d659a05d
Every sparrow is a type of animal. Some sparrows can be described as birds. Therefore, a certain number of birds are animals.
true
true
d542c648-c8d9-4c3d-bdc4-e42cfe604d37
Not a single person who is a parent is a human. Among the group of people who are parents, some are mothers. From this, we can logically conclude that there are some mothers who are not humans.
true
false
2ae9a652-1291-412b-b435-33983a7f6313
It is not true that any dog is a cat. A certain number of golden retrievers are found to be dogs. Thus, some golden retrievers are not cats.
true
true
25278ae4-b026-4403-bd11-23918d616995
Every single mortal is a number. There are no numbers that can be described as humans. Based on this, some humans are not mortal.
true
false
8549a2e9-abf7-40df-83ef-ab7b3d75829b
It is true that no birds are mammals. There are no bats which are birds. Consequently, some bats are not mammals.
false
false
811914ca-d99d-4e96-b2b6-5d5400211a7f
Any creature that is an animal is a bird. There is not a single bird that is a reptile. This logically means that no reptile is an animal.
true
false
0a6a2c61-1d0e-47a6-8faa-5a5086a59dc9
Every single tree is a plant. There exist no stones which are also plants. There is at least one stone which is not a tree.
true
true
b67c4d7c-40e5-41d6-8821-98b427bd94ce
There are no vegetables that are fruits. All apples are fruits. This is why some apples are vegetables.
false
true
da4f979d-1acc-4b60-9c09-f2637309561c
There are no sofas that are furniture. There are no chairs that are furniture. Anything that is a chair is a sofa.
false
false
c05e6536-84d3-44c5-a5f3-32d838d2134c
There are some elephants which are mammals. There are some fish which are mammals. This leads to the conclusion that some fish are elephants.
false
false
a6990bc2-71c7-4745-a1b3-959943fad22c
Every person who is a primate is a mammal. All humans are mammals. Consequently, every single human is a primate.
false
true
073d458a-fb37-46f1-9557-dee68b73552f
Not a single square is a circle. The entire set of circles is made up of triangles. A portion of triangles are squares.
false
false
0453793d-3578-490a-a79c-35984eba5964
Any item that is a phone is a plant. There isn't a single plant that is an electronic device. This proves that no electronic device is a phone.
true
false
671be363-8174-498e-959c-5aa930502041
It is true that everything that is an elephant is a mammal. It is also true that no fish are elephants. Thus, it is concluded that no fish are mammals.
false
true
5e2a9a8e-9469-4b16-a243-f18f3f159709
It is true that no liquids are solids. There are some gases which are not solids. It follows that all gases are liquids.
false
false
ad6117fb-795b-4d97-80a3-1f17c770ee50
Any and all reptiles are lizards. There are reptiles that are mammals. It must follow that all mammals are lizards.
false
false
581cfd7a-fb09-42f9-8759-d28809d96a4c
Anything that is a plane is a vehicle. There is nothing that is an item of furniture which is a plane. Consequently, no piece of furniture is a vehicle.
false
true
92375de2-c1c8-4b7c-abc6-793165b6b3ea
It is true that any dog is an animal. All pets are animals too. Therefore, some pets are not dogs.
false
true
42e667da-e467-4797-a862-23132f3c9dc0
There exist no dogs which are cats. There are some pets which are not dogs. This leads to the conclusion that some pets are cats.
false
true
007efb0e-6d0c-40c9-8d96-a25a1fbbbf93
Nothing that is a vehicle is an object with wheels. Every single item that is a car is an object with wheels. This proves that a number of cars are not vehicles.
true
false
5826f9b5-c6e7-4b2d-834d-de148f9bd15c
A creature that is a reptile is never a mammal. There are no snakes that are reptiles. It is necessarily the case that a snake is never a mammal.
false
true
18ca9b49-d0cf-44f4-83bf-eb4739bc9317
Nothing that is a square is a circle. There are some shapes that are circles. It must be the case that every single shape is not a square.
false
false
3210a16c-a687-4030-8697-bb2214492501
No cities are countries. All things that are a city named London are cities. It is necessarily true that some cities named London are not countries.
true
true
0bafb494-84dd-4bab-9e35-4ee2c22d7f73
Any golden retriever is a mammal. It is the case that some golden retrievers are dogs. This means that a few dogs are mammals.
true
true
f829409c-4e08-476e-bc07-864702de5a37
Every single insect is an arthropod. None of the creatures that are arthropods are vertebrates. It follows directly that no vertebrate is an insect.
true
true
74642dd5-9eb6-4a00-a493-4b25f3aac128
There are no creatures that are both humans and organisms. Among the creatures that are babies, some are organisms. From this, we can logically derive that some babies are not humans.
true
false
123bf7d7-01dd-421d-bd85-5af87b2663dd
Anything that is a reptile is also an animal. A portion of animals are lizards. Therefore, some lizards are not reptiles.
false
false
66621d65-5d64-4e5e-90a2-fd1eea48d437
There are no vegetables that are not poisonous. Anything that is a carrot is a vegetable. It follows that a number of carrots are poisonous.
true
false
fca654b0-e91a-4199-9869-8892e450f591
Every triangle is a polygon. All shapes that are squares are polygons. Nothing that is a square is also a triangle.
false
true
8ef5d7a4-e986-4fc4-99fa-4c74fc40e7fe
There are no fish which are mammals. No lions are considered fish. Some lions are not mammals.
false
false
bd43b96a-b4cd-4380-af60-6f6052586580
Every single rhino is a mammal. Every single lion is a mammal. It is the case that some lions are not rhinos.
false
true
61f8ac6f-5f91-4904-8e41-22bd80f2b1ae
Anything that is a song is also a composition. No composition is an animal. Thus, we can validly conclude that some animals are not songs.
true
true
2bf18e1f-3d35-4725-a6a0-73bcf655c976
The class of birds and the class of cars do not overlap. The entire set of cars is composed of sparrows. It is a logical consequence that some sparrows are not birds.
true
false
c15f8962-f325-45d6-9cc6-c0a25435d4a1
The group of even numbers and the group of animals are mutually exclusive. Any animal is also an odd number. There are some odd numbers that are even numbers.
false
false
8158cb68-1891-4050-93f6-d7776e724658
Every single creature that is a canine is a mammal. A portion of canines are dogs. It is therefore the case that some dogs are mammals.
true
true
6b013055-b913-4742-94ab-a9dc40d1881f
Nothing that is a stone is a meat. It is also the case that no fruit is a meat. Therefore, no fruit is a stone.
false
true
c7b40258-763b-4059-8ab3-378b76d6a0a8
There exist some things which are birds that are not animals. Every single thing that is a bird is a mammal. From this, it follows that some mammals are not animals.
true
false
9b9b24ec-59d6-43ca-8165-0ae4d688cda0
Every dog is a canine. Some canines are terriers. Consequently, every single terrier is a dog.
false
true
6fa051ab-5673-4ce7-8234-3baf75bd1d64
Houses are never schools. A few schools are, in fact, buildings. There exist buildings that are not houses.
true
true
8a2350fa-dd4e-430a-a1f7-3ea99a1d0749
Anything that is an elephant is a mammal. Every whale is also a mammal. From this, it is concluded that no whale is an elephant.
false
true
77d1fbe7-3450-4d5d-92c6-7bf4d02c20ae
Anything that is a vegetable is a plant. There is a subset of plants that are fruits. A number of vegetables are not fruits.
false
true
a907b7ac-65e7-4dbf-83db-21957c0c2a8f
Every sport requires physical activity. There is no such thing as soccer that isn't a sport. At least some soccer is a thing that requires physical activity.
true
true
604c4371-08b2-478a-85a3-273194f6153e
Every single liquid is a fluid. It is impossible for any water to be a fluid. It can be concluded that no water is a liquid.
true
false