id
stringlengths
36
36
syllogism
stringlengths
70
234
validity
bool
2 classes
plausibility
bool
2 classes
b289a588-133e-40b7-a1ba-014af94a8522
A few of the buildings are houses. There are no houses that are cars. As a result, some cars are buildings.
false
false
b598df99-7a53-4672-adeb-d14c026a9fff
Any structure which is a house is made of chocolate. There are some buildings which are houses. This means that some buildings are made of chocolate.
true
false
78b7fd54-43d6-400c-a28c-efda282272c1
Anything which is a bird is an animal. No birds are rocks. Therefore, It is possible to infer that some rocks are animals.
false
false
8bb41f23-ab9f-4ed2-898a-f5c6f2fff389
Anything that is a fruit is a food that contains seeds. Some foods are, without a doubt, fruits. Therefore, every single food contains rocks.
false
false
10c004f6-6468-4756-a2bb-cf97b0f34a89
Every single dog is an animal. Anything that is a cat is an animal. It follows that a few cats are dogs.
false
false
54a39670-9d4d-4f11-bbd9-29c01e27210d
Every single apple is a food. It is also true that every apple is a fruit. This means that all fruits are foods.
false
true
e9e598d7-7e99-486a-bb97-d9291a13ce23
Anything that is a stone is not a berry. Of the items that are fruits, some are not berries. It follows that some fruits are not stones.
false
true
8bdb2703-2d29-40a2-9c80-9c4b8385a438
Every single dog is a cloud. All animals are clouds. It must be true that every animal is a dog.
false
false
8ef93cb4-e88e-47aa-86a0-2ed732f20a99
Every single dog is a mammal. A portion of mammals can be classified as creatures that bark. Some creatures that can bark are not dogs.
false
false
d8794f2a-f535-4be9-a29b-71a98af6bf08
Every sky is a blue thing. There is not a single car that is a sky. It can be concluded that no car is a blue thing.
false
false
52c7696c-f9c1-4611-9300-db39de41cf50
Some penguins are birds. Every bird is an animal. As such, it is necessarily true that some animals are penguins.
true
true
d4f7a83b-5939-4873-9a45-1083a6dc2df6
Every single liquid is solid. It is not true that any rock is a liquid. It is the case that no rock is solid.
false
false
95d56d9f-c7ed-4537-b582-7076beccbd92
There is no celestial body that is a thing in the sky. All planets are things in the sky. The implication is that a number of planets are not celestial bodies.
true
false
d7842911-1759-4c23-836c-3f81f873af73
It is the case that no fruits are vegetables. It is also true that no apples are fruits. From these statements, one can conclude that some apples are not vegetables.
false
false
67c048fb-e79b-4267-b6cc-5605a1b92810
Every single book is a planet. Every single book is furniture. Therefore, there are pieces of furniture that are planets.
true
false
041da415-c737-4996-a959-f1f65fe391db
Every single cat is an animal. Everything that is a dog is an animal. There is at least one dog that is a cat.
false
false
b8ec446c-cd3b-48cb-bf36-7c0cb3f026d2
Every single ocean is a body of water. Any area that is a sea is part of an ocean. This means that all seas are bodies of water.
true
true
b97a902a-7e57-4ae9-aaaf-edd77e73fbf6
Every single plant is food. Everything that is a fruit is food. It follows that every fruit is a plant.
false
false
b038f6a1-7259-4ddd-b549-c24e7b799cf8
Any animal that is a land animal is not a whale. Some whales are considered animals that live in the ocean. It is the case that some animals living in the ocean are not land animals.
true
true
903efee0-a3c6-4577-af64-e1589aa528e9
Every single vegetable is not a fruit. A portion of the things that are croissants are fruits. The result of this is that some croissants are vegetables.
false
false
6307f80f-af36-4c0e-b69a-714cfd070f21
A few of the insects are beetles. Every beetle is an arthropod. As a result, some arthropods are insects.
true
true
cafd8eaf-668f-4c69-ae03-ec38709e4b9e
Every single human is a cloud. It is also true that every mammal is a cloud. This proves that all mammals are humans.
false
false
481ceb04-c39f-4f7a-b645-18dc5aa717b2
There are no dogs who are cats. A few dogs are pets. This implies that some pets are cats.
false
true
0088d914-814d-4abd-8924-b4191edca9b8
Some chairs are people. Every single person is a living being. Consequently, some living beings are chairs.
true
false
10378e06-9ec7-4344-a589-0d1fbbca4396
Every single novel is a planet. No planet is a book. It is a necessary conclusion that no book is a novel.
true
false
0d670133-b450-4117-8cee-c7b73af9d8f5
There is nothing that is a planet that is not also a celestial body. It is the case that every celestial body is an object in space. Therefore, some objects in space are planets.
true
true
12946b9f-6889-4906-bf58-81f946d2e823
All fish are animals that live in water. Some sharks are not fish. We can infer that some sharks are not animals that live in water.
false
false
832f59aa-bfee-4e92-b247-d8719f1844ae
Every single dog belongs to the canine family. Anything that is a chihuahua is a dog. This means that every chihuahua is a canine.
true
true
b40039e8-e634-450a-a221-81c77ffb0517
Every single cat is a living creature. Every single dog is a living creature. As such, there are some dogs that are not cats.
false
true
f4e0bda0-00ec-4938-acd5-21d3cc260e58
Every fish is a creature that is an amphibian. Without exception, all sharks are fish. Therefore, it is certain that every shark is an amphibian.
true
false
cc8ddde6-b7cf-408c-a0a0-92e200117c30
Nothing that is a car is a motorcycle. A few things called vehicles are identified as being cars. This proves that some vehicles are not motorcycles.
true
true
c11d7833-78e3-45ba-af17-3fdb4217555b
There are no numbers that are tables. It is not true that any table is a couch. It is the case that some couches are numbers.
false
false
32c2f0fa-083f-4f90-b33d-201e95816ea6
Anything that is a vegetable is not a plant. A portion of the things that are vegetables are also carrots. The conclusion that some carrots are not plants is inescapable.
true
false
0d98be0f-0057-41ac-bb47-fcdab1a96c6f
Every single bird is a fish. Some penguins, it is known, are not fish. This necessarily implies that some penguins are not birds.
true
false
0c5bbda6-c0e7-42ac-943a-b09a2dcea726
Not a single object that is a car is a boat. A group of cars can be described as vehicles. It is a logical consequence that some vehicles are not boats.
true
true
cdf4f5aa-8b47-4edd-9be2-4c9184f7b721
A group of numbers are planets. Every planet is a celestial body. As a result, a portion of celestial bodies are numbers.
true
false
ab27dbac-d446-4199-a267-16d010b7588f
There are some mammals which live on land. It is the case that no fish lives on land. Consequently, all fish are mammals.
false
false
40b42a57-63c2-4f06-af7e-87b8bdfef9fd
Some liquids are cats. Every single thing that is a cat is a mammal. Therefore, some mammals are liquids.
true
false
30d11495-2d7d-49a1-a542-0ebc22ce160f
Every computer is a plant. There exist some laptops that are not plants. It must be the case that some laptops are not computers.
true
false
e1f5938b-bf0b-4cfe-8b2a-8b83c91dcbb1
Everything that is a spoon is a piece of cutlery. No giraffes can be considered pieces of cutlery. It can be said that some giraffes are not spoons.
true
true
7841eb47-8f72-475c-852d-4d709ae0965e
There are some mammals that are primates. Every single primate is an animal. Consequently, some animals are mammals.
true
true
732e20b3-c504-4115-914d-496d0c4ee6da
Every single mammal is a living thing. The set of animals contains no living things. Not a single mammal is an animal.
false
false
a9a258b5-4403-491d-87a1-707fcb480564
There are no cats which are fish. There are no fish which are animals. It follows that some animals are cats.
false
true
1fcd8f80-1760-4051-9181-025b909589cf
There are no fish that are mammals. No cats are considered fish. Some felines are not mammals.
false
true
2d3a1de0-fdb2-45f4-aef8-6f4e3f64f55b
The set of honest people and the set of liars are mutually exclusive. There are no politicians who are liars. All politicians are honest people.
false
false
c8a91594-47cb-47e7-829a-a3e094917c92
There are no animals that are flying vehicles and are also canines. All flying vehicles are dogs. It is necessarily true that a portion of dogs is not canines.
true
false
43ae00ee-0cf2-4a62-beab-56f90d170347
There are no squares which are round. There are no circles which are squares. It follows, then, that some circles are square.
false
false
c38a9bc0-efdd-49af-af59-17a6567d8817
Every item that is a mammal is an animal. Some lions are mammals. Therefore, all lions can be said to be animals.
false
true
df7bae54-40d1-4be5-b827-b4da77465505
It is true that no numbers are waves. No sounds are numbers. It follows that no sounds are waves.
false
false
2b535ac3-2104-4754-b57a-dd89319e6a16
There are no cars that can be called boats. It is also true that every car is a type of vehicle. This has led to the conclusion that a portion of vehicles are cars.
false
true
cd79e6f0-75ac-4c80-b4d2-31711a961bac
Every single cat is an animal. There are some fish which are cats. Fish are in no way animals.
false
false
61ba9569-1368-4d47-9706-b54a7034bab5
It is true that everything which is a bird is a winged creature. There are no insects which are birds. A conclusion that can be drawn from this is that there are insects which are winged creatures.
false
true
fe71763e-e04e-47e9-a49d-6bae7ff6de6f
Anything that is an apple is a cloud. Every single apple is a fruit. It follows from this that all fruits are clouds.
false
false
25f8f3fc-d38a-4b43-9a7a-4324cbc869bc
Nothing that is a pet animal is also a feline. Some cats happen to be pet animals. This leads to the conclusion that a certain number of cats are not felines.
true
false
0ed786f8-51d0-40c7-b692-441bc96ec29d
All people who are doctors are those who have medical training. There are no people with medical training who are teachers. This means that no one who is a teacher is a doctor.
true
true
af0270f5-da4b-45f3-8677-9ff69a4c55fa
There are no mammals that are birds. Every single thing that is a mammal is an animal. It is the case that some animals fail to be birds.
true
true
5cb83caf-678a-43b8-a8d7-beedd3b39f55
Some of the felines in the world are lions. Every single feline is a mammal. Consequently, some mammals are found to be lions.
true
true
c73d301b-6e16-4a04-8f5d-13c379e2ec3d
Absolutely no primary color is also a secondary color. Some things which are visible colors are classified as primary colors. It is thus the case that not every visible color is a secondary color.
true
true
8c835a2b-e7f5-4be2-a3f2-f249660ec877
There are some things which are clouds that are not made of water. Every single cloud is made of vapour. It follows from this that there exist some things made of vapour that are not made of water.
true
false
70ae91e5-486a-46d0-8c37-66d67c1b5e18
The category of fish is a subset of the category of animals. All animals that are dogs are also animals. Nothing that is a dog is a fish.
false
true
bd80aa79-4ef9-4adb-bb86-2fe99e5e0445
Something that is a living organism is a mammal. The entire set of people is composed of living organisms. It is the case that all people are mammals.
false
true
49ece5f3-1a1b-48e2-b806-2a0c711e4721
Every single laptop is a computer. There are some abacuses which are not computers. This leads to the conclusion that some abacuses are not laptops.
true
true
9d42d0c9-9b18-4bb9-9a6c-3917d7f8dbbe
Among dogs, there are some that are carnivores. All dogs belong to the class of mammals. Consequently, among the class of mammals, some are carnivores.
true
true
eba06587-ca00-480c-ae24-0330858b5584
Every single feline is a mammal. Anything that is a cat is a feline. At least one cat is a mammal.
true
true
3adadf58-1822-4358-a40b-b7c4ca7f9afa
There is no overlap between the category of vegetables and the category of fruits. Anything that is an apple is, by definition, a fruit. Apples and vegetables are two separate categories.
true
true
a91b60be-febd-4dc5-900e-969c31eba6ae
Every single thing which is a dog is an animal. Some cats are not dogs. We can infer that some cats are not animals.
false
false
1ce77016-2e3d-431a-af11-e015722c98fe
Anything that is a tree is made of wood. Every single chair is made of wood. It is necessarily concluded that every chair is a tree.
false
false
1a6a9f12-15dc-467c-8311-2ee796d95c22
There are no dogs that are cats. It is the case that no cat is a fish. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that some fish are not dogs.
false
true
91e3ba86-4129-4142-8e1d-89a43c8a7246
There are no birds that can be called fish. It is also true that every bird is a type of animal. This has led to the conclusion that a portion of animals are birds.
false
true
9372c576-58df-4872-8663-2e6c8b210274
Everything that is a human is also a primate. Everything that is a human is also a bipedal animal. Consequently, some bipedal animals are primates.
true
true
3f047c98-7589-4e41-8055-1f023c4d9707
There are no footwear items that are clothing. Every shoe is a type of footwear. It can be concluded that no shoe is clothing.
true
false
60f556a7-b0c7-4bde-82ce-e49b1cf72ec5
Spiders cannot be arachnids. It is a fact that all tarantulas are spiders. It must be concluded that some tarantulas are not arachnids.
true
false
27f93d6e-ae4d-46da-9235-7c900780b18c
There are no cats that are also dogs. It is known that there are no dogs that are birds. One might conclude that no birds are cats.
false
true
172f9030-2726-49a1-8acf-40c8d9661aab
Any object that is a shape is an animal. There are no circles that are also animals. A portion of shapes are not circles.
true
false
013da35a-1a78-4298-9660-495f8e0c9530
There exist some things which are water which are not liquids. All water can be poured. It follows that some things that can be poured are not liquids.
true
false
9207083f-0077-4ac2-a8c1-be3e589f559e
There are no squares which are circles. All squares are, in fact, shapes. It's the case that some shapes are not circles.
true
true
04ef6520-e8a0-4f08-a903-44fd4902ec3f
There is no automobile that can be classified as a bicycle. Every single car is an automobile. This means that no car can be a bicycle.
true
true
499ba307-8c1b-4244-9a41-15129f3f000e
It is not the case that every single person has blood. Every person is a mammal. One can therefore conclude that some mammals do not have blood.
true
false
7a74a7dc-cc6f-4f5e-95fa-5bd9528c9d8d
There are no insects that are animals. Every single ant is an insect. Consequently, nothing that is an ant is an animal.
true
false
45d795eb-780a-4694-bf87-6819b272cd49
Anything that is a teacher is an educator. Every single person who is a student is also an educator. It logically follows that there are some students who are not teachers.
false
true
aea757a2-6727-4816-bcb7-1f0bdad9e4cc
There exist certain creatures that are mammals, yet they are not reptiles. Every creature that is a mammal is also considered an animal. From these statements, it follows that some animals are not reptiles.
true
true
84d6b2e4-f71e-45eb-9647-acf23c90a863
There exist some fish that are mammals. A few elephants are mammals. Consequently, some elephants are fish.
false
false
95637ce9-5489-45cb-aa6c-73934ab7e489
Every single dog is an animal. Everything that is an animal is a mammal. It must therefore be true that every mammal is an animal.
false
true
a23659e2-d0fc-4b82-b5a5-a526c9c22dda
The category of non-living things and the category of computers have no members in common. At least one human is a computer. At least one human is a non-living thing.
false
false
371da820-c909-468d-a7d8-333db7019688
It is the case that no two-wheeled item is a vehicle. A certain number of bicycles can be found among two-wheeled items. Therefore, a number of bicycles do not belong to the category of vehicles.
true
false
e79947da-dcf7-459b-8d64-417bd24ace94
Not a single motorized vehicle is a bicycle. It is also true that no motorized vehicle is a car. It follows that no car is a bicycle.
false
true
940e3b1d-dd3d-4119-a379-178a8b6f8397
Every single mammal is an insect. There are no insects which are dogs. Based on this, it must be the case that some dogs are not mammals.
true
false
9898c43c-c5d9-4c03-aa4f-46e30e136037
There are no fruits that are things that grow on trees. Every single apple is a thing that grows on a tree. Consequently, it can be said that some apples are not fruits.
true
false
92a2576e-da7a-4853-90a3-9f9171a6ed51
It is true that every reptile has fur. Some snakes are known to be reptiles. Therefore, we can conclude that some snakes have fur.
true
false
a7504ed6-5b8e-42d0-bb8b-11754ac5953a
Every single person who is a professor is an academic. Any academic is a knowledgeable person. Therefore, some knowledgeable people are professors.
true
true
894cbefc-041e-4078-8175-4d5a1b60b171
Every single living being is a cloud. It is true that every bird is a cloud. It follows that no bird is a living being.
false
false
ddb9db4b-c186-4ee3-a305-7fcf317b255d
There are all men that are humans. Every single man is a mortal. As a result, all mortals are humans.
false
false
50d3b41d-0d2b-49ec-8d6e-1c012d831aab
There exist some things which are trees that are not pines. Everything that is a tree is a plant. It logically follows that there are some plants that are not pines.
true
true
d8e827ad-b91a-45a7-8d28-7527f8b59d1d
Nothing that is a plant is a mammal. A portion of trees are to be found among the plants. Thus, there are no trees that are also mammals.
false
true
e3e1b6fb-ddf8-452d-8990-3efd9f006a28
Anything that is a square is also a quadrilateral. A triangle can never be a quadrilateral. It is the case that no triangle is a square.
true
true
4ec66db0-ee0c-4ed9-ac5e-e7f8a3f6d1dd
Every single thing that is a dog is a mammal. Every mammal is an animal. From this, it follows that some animals are indeed dogs.
true
true
67821bb9-63a7-4517-a335-8cd6d735ad81
Anything that is a car is not an airplane. There are no vehicles that are cars. Consequently, every vehicle is an airplane.
false
false
d518fc34-889a-45f9-92e8-f50d237731ad
There are some fish that are salmon that live in fresh water. All salmon are fish. Therefore, some fish are fresh water fish.
true
true
788c386f-8839-45b5-9c62-98c2334673e7
Anyone who is a teacher is an educator. Nothing that is a principal is a teacher. Consequently, some principal is an educator.
false
true
56dea4d9-94ad-4daf-893b-945bfe93bb7b
There are no chairs that can be considered musical instruments. Certain chairs exist that are also antiques. The conclusion that a portion of antiques are not musical instruments is inescapable.
true
true