id
stringlengths
36
36
syllogism
stringlengths
70
234
validity
bool
2 classes
plausibility
bool
2 classes
715d4b07-8fea-458e-9a03-b127a0a18ea5
There isn't a single car that is a two-wheeled vehicle. Everything that is a bicycle is a two-wheeled vehicle. This proves that some bicycles are not cars.
true
true
42f67665-07b1-4466-b825-8ec4367d126e
There are no items that are not plants that are plants. A number of items that are not plants are trees. Therefore, a portion of trees are plants.
false
true
3302e35f-aa7e-421a-8724-7186ac4bf418
There's no small rodent that is a bear. Every single squirrel is a small rodent. Consequently, no squirrel is a bear.
true
true
731d69cf-0a9f-4ba4-b7b2-061858bb0c03
There exist no poodles that are also cats. Every single creature that is a poodle is a dog. It follows that not a single dog is a cat.
false
true
f5a5b2ca-22cf-4dc4-bfef-43b39b6c641c
Any individual who is a teacher is a robot. There are some educators who are teachers. Consequently, some educators are robots.
true
false
745662c5-c85b-4940-83fe-cea6bd5be051
Anything that is a human is a primate. Every single whale is a mammal. Not a single whale is a human.
false
true
8e7c3181-8819-4648-a6f9-33b1009c59c3
Everything that is a tree is a plant. Not a single stone is a plant. All stones are trees.
false
false
166f5a4c-b0e7-4f2b-b25d-1c0a08bd59bb
Every single human being is a mammal. It is also true that every lion is a mammal. This means that there are no lions that are humans.
false
true
1856a3b0-cc1d-49ac-86ec-c6c313dd09e8
Some animals are human. There are politicians who are human. This means that some politicians are animals.
false
true
ff719160-ec4d-47a3-9621-a2d1dbb6115c
There are no mammals that are birds. Every single dog is a mammal. It is therefore the case that every dog is a bird.
false
false
ed7937f5-a98e-4385-a58a-0d24b4f23651
Anything that is a cat is a feline. It is true that all felines are carnivores. This means that a few carnivores are cats.
true
true
1abfb720-5619-4658-a940-990150c82d3b
Every single human is a monkey. There are no primates that are monkeys. From this, it follows that no primate is a human.
true
false
f2dd94c2-9171-442a-92c2-fdc929df2593
Every single building is alive. There is not a single living thing that is a house. This means that no house is a building.
true
false
0d500642-6df5-486f-ba53-d5ccdd5a3061
Every single writing tool is a spaceship. There are some erasers which are not spaceships. It follows that some erasers are not writing tools.
true
false
4c8d8de7-6547-4766-8f98-7f28dd8b4b9a
There are some individuals who find pleasure in reading who are librarians. Every single person who is a librarian is a student. It is the case that some of the people who are students are people who enjoy reading.
true
true
68b29c80-27f6-4121-8408-295bd8de466c
Anything that is a bird is a vertebrate. It is also the case that every single bat is a vertebrate. Consequently, nothing that is a bat is a bird.
false
true
acd76fff-dd32-4375-9c2e-21909ea1bcf1
Absolutely nothing that is a reptile is a mammal. Among the creatures that are animals, some are mammals. Consequently, some of the creatures that are animals are not reptiles.
true
true
02f9e80f-e3ec-49b8-99e8-a0153091e603
Nothing that is an animal is a non-living thing. There are some mammals that are not non-living things. It follows that some mammals are not animals.
false
false
1600dc48-793c-41d2-a799-317b09a81c7e
Every single integer is divisible by two. All integers are even numbers. It follows from this that some even numbers are not divisible by two.
false
false
0872ecdb-a56f-421d-8f30-e3be4d70c054
There are no liquids that are solids. Some of the things that are beverages are liquids. It follows that some beverages are solids.
false
false
f41764ae-c58b-448c-a721-5d72c5120697
Nothing that is a cat is a reptile. A creature that is a reptile is never a mammal. It follows that a cat is never a mammal.
false
false
76f9b327-1308-4678-af38-44f61eafb137
There are no birds which are cats. There are no dogs that are birds. It follows, then, that some dogs are cats.
false
false
a6fde999-62a6-4246-9901-654ac4901490
Every capital city is considered a major city. A portion of capital cities are located in Europe. It therefore follows that some cities in Europe are major cities.
true
true
7bddb337-7964-4154-8a1e-e61e910b2b7f
Some of the spoons are reptiles. All things that are reptiles are vertebrates. Consequently, it can be concluded that some vertebrates are spoons.
true
false
b0164134-d52b-4506-92ee-d71e2109d717
Every single thing that is a snake is a cold-blooded animal. A few snakes are a type of reptile. Thus, some reptiles are cold-blooded animals.
true
true
d225ab47-ffe9-454b-bb41-4915c4214497
Anything that is a fish swims. It is the case that no dog is a fish. This implies that some dogs swim.
false
true
4780354b-3991-4ce8-9981-23d4f3030141
There are no stones that are alive. There are no trees that are stones. Therefore, no trees are alive.
false
false
02e208cf-8240-466b-8460-d73f4c35c354
Every single writing tool is a pencil. No pen is a pencil. This means no pen is a writing tool.
true
false
96d7a4e1-391c-4286-a7ca-7fbf1576366e
There exist some mammals that have fur. There are some reptiles which have fur. Consequently, a number of reptiles are mammals.
false
false
2e96d73d-cbad-4b86-b8d5-f02334bed473
Among the items that are dogs, some are mammals. There are pets which are mammals. We must conclude that some pets are not dogs.
false
true
6fc2d9ce-e18c-4433-97c7-9eef45031a43
All plants are in need of sunlight. All trees are, by definition, plants. At least one tree needs sunlight.
true
true
496112d9-7a6c-4572-9956-21b646a5d0d7
Not one single insect is a six-legged arthropod. Every single item that is a bug is a six-legged arthropod. It follows from this that a portion of bugs are not insects.
true
false
3a245c0d-ffb8-4700-a248-70a1917ab838
There exist cats that are also mammals. A subset of dogs can be classified as mammals. It follows that at least some dogs are not cats.
false
true
c3ed1a57-88e6-4451-8592-de1be8c8066d
There are no birds that do not have wings. It is the case that no insect is a bird. It follows that some insects have wings.
false
true
e125f054-b5b7-4eba-b1a9-b942cbe8f552
It is not the case that every single vegetable is a food. All vegetables are pizzas. Thus, some pizzas are not foods.
true
false
2f97c41c-4b5a-407a-a57c-95fa1ea134f6
Not one single rectangle is a four-sided polygon. Everything that is a square is a four-sided polygon. The implication is that a portion of squares are not rectangles.
true
false
06d7f64b-e471-4c35-a81f-0217f4a84435
It is true that everything that is a table is furniture. It is also true that all furniture are objects. Thus, it is concluded that all objects are tables.
false
false
8bf12840-1728-41eb-a389-01098b625ecf
Among those who are students, there are some who are athletes. Every single student is a person who spends time studying. It follows that, of the people who study, some of them are also athletes.
true
true
830b0cc9-935e-45ba-ab5c-1deb894fa119
It is a fact that all mammals are animals. There are some animals which are cats. Therefore, every single cat is an animal.
false
true
c72ea95e-851f-4e43-af9d-17d7ecc26a0d
Wives are not people. Anything that is a wife is a husband. It's the case that some husbands are not people.
true
false
f261b7cf-efcb-403d-ac2c-c5cebddab402
There is no physicist who is not a person. It is true that all physicists are scientists. It follows that some scientists are people.
false
true
93a88d43-069b-4339-85b5-84b9ae226f88
Every teacher is a robot. None of the robots are humans. It follows that no human is a teacher.
true
false
3576315f-5476-4468-8a99-94e2afb295f1
Anything that is a spoon is a form of cutlery. No cutlery items are books. This logically entails that some books are not spoons.
true
true
fdfe04da-1f41-4062-9295-cc599cfae310
Everything that is a song is also a mountain. Everything that is a song is also made of water. Hence, some things made of water are mountains.
true
false
094f320d-ea3a-4e4e-be55-d09692332089
It is a fact that every tulip is a flower. It is also true that all roses are flowers. Therefore, it is concluded that a few flowers are roses.
false
true
864fb4b2-8a19-4767-83f4-1dbed28f27e7
Some of the dogs are mammals. Every mammal is a domesticated animal. From this, it can be concluded that some domesticated animals are dogs.
true
true
1da871da-0cd9-4734-855e-3c6b5fd057d3
Everything that is a doctor is a medical professional. Anything that is a medical professional is a human. Thus, every single human is a doctor.
false
false
d58fd355-2a98-4501-ac04-058a05090a80
Anyone who is a president is a citizen. Every single person who is a senator is a citizen. This leads to the conclusion that there are some senators who are not citizens.
false
false
d32207a5-ea82-4d7d-9a51-48f1b384dd8f
There is not a single sound that is a phenomenon that travels in waves. All of the things that are musical notes are sounds. Consequently, some musical notes are not phenomena that travel in waves.
true
false
a0b75805-fa2b-44f3-b9f5-b08dcb9b0033
It is not the case that a paper good is made of paper. Each and every book is a paper good. It logically follows that no books are made of paper.
true
false
0f476f71-6f8c-4780-8ce3-1f00300227e1
Every piece of furniture that is a chair is made of liquid. Any object that is a bench is a chair. Consequently, all benches are pieces of furniture that are made of liquid.
true
false
81d80343-1088-400b-be29-0d63312a959b
All things which are mammals are vertebrates. A portion of warm-blooded animals are mammals. Therefore, there exist some warm-blooded animals that are vertebrates.
true
true
bdce56a3-a9d8-476a-a050-d6c653a79061
Not a single house is a stadium. Every single stadium is a building. It is therefore the case that some buildings are not houses.
true
true
e31bb89a-6c5b-4745-8952-8ee9c2649776
The class of insects and the class of lions do not overlap. Every single lion is an animal. As a result, some animals are not insects.
true
true
3385a56c-c169-4cea-ab4b-5a48ed4980d1
There exist some birds that are fish. A number of sharks are fish. It follows, then, that some sharks are birds.
false
false
ec60f858-72d6-455b-976f-fe289c371eaf
Every dog is a mammal. No dog is a reptile. Therefore, no reptiles are mammals.
false
true
6a44409a-3040-47b0-8f76-a2eb6d8c27ab
It is the case that all professionals are adults. Some people are not professionals. Therefore, it is implied that some people are not adults.
false
true
68affb76-c5fc-4423-9221-1784c4509086
Every novel is a book. Nothing that is a magazine is a book. Therefore, a magazine cannot be a novel.
true
true
6e672b31-84e2-4b83-92ca-30f90e27bd00
There are no mammals that are fish. Among the fish, a few are canines. Not all canines are mammals.
true
false
5029f069-0076-49ad-b65e-b592fed18083
There are no dogs that are reptiles. Everything that is a fish is a dog. Thus, every fish is a reptile.
false
false
31cd942c-7484-4e2a-8552-902391d50530
It is impossible for furniture to be a chair. A portion of chairs are tables. Some of the tables are not furniture.
true
false
b93c1c6a-958a-4cfb-975b-585432f3cd20
Kitchen items are never hammers. A few hammers are, in fact, tools. There exist tools that are not kitchen items.
true
true
06a0aa7f-5aaa-4a9a-af0e-7cfc8affd23a
Everything that is a bird is an animal. Every single eagle is an animal. It is the case that some eagles are birds.
false
true
e34fafec-30b9-4a28-a470-eb952d244988
Anything that is a planet is a celestial body. Not a single Earth is a celestial body. It follows from this that no Earth is a planet.
true
false
a7d18367-6870-4eee-9a55-60a5dcc9dd70
Anything that is a dog is also a pet. There are some cats that are not pets. It must be true that no cat is a dog.
false
true
0facfad6-abe4-4a37-bd8a-5996bd3a2254
Anything that is a fish is an animal. There are birds, and all of them are animals. Based on this, it must be the case that every bird is a fish.
false
false
7c5ab39b-14be-4b8f-aea0-58f360ec1c58
It is the case that no bird is a fish. It is also not the case that any fish is a mammal. It follows from this that no mammals are birds.
false
true
69b3cfc6-9b74-4553-a6b6-6fbed67e9eba
There are no animals that fly which are also fish. Every creature that is a bird is also a flying animal. As a consequence, there is not a single bird that is a fish.
true
true
3ecdc552-39d1-4b9b-8255-dda2990d7197
There are no cars which are airplanes. Some of the things that are vehicles are cars. It must be true that some airplanes are not vehicles.
false
false
5cc44de7-9c1c-45d1-b8e7-7711e1bafce3
Every parrot has a beak. All parrots are classified as birds. Therefore, it must be that all birds have beaks.
false
true
b1817bad-3418-463a-8bef-82d34ee31dfd
A thing that is a square cannot be a circle. There exist shapes that are squares and are also polygons. From this, we know for certain that some polygons are not circles.
true
true
08408587-3887-4246-9d6f-7a4492ad48c7
Anyone who is a rose is red. Some flowers are not red. From this, all flowers are roses.
false
false
89694013-2061-4e74-b907-514d57cc67b2
A portion of healthy foods are vegetables. There are some carrots that are vegetables. It follows, then, that some carrots are healthy foods.
false
true
4823d0a9-5eae-4386-af0f-54d04c9cd2cf
Anyone who is a doctor is trained in medicine. Every single pediatrician is a doctor. It is the case that some pediatricians are trained in medicine.
true
true
4157f15c-b21e-4946-84cb-19be0df5f51f
Every flying object is a creature with wings. Any and all elephants are also creatures with wings. This implies that all elephants are flying objects.
false
false
9117126d-5160-40c0-81c1-3f784d8f8cef
Everything that is a fish is a vertebrate. A portion of vertebrates are sharks. A subset of sharks are fish.
false
false
d1c9c4bb-2e00-41ae-909c-425ff182f92c
Stars and gas giants have no overlap whatsoever. At least one thing that is a gas giant is a planet. Some of the things that are planets are not stars.
true
true
f2a9e4e1-a969-436f-877c-bb605fb7c62e
It is not the case that every huma is a man. Every single man is a human. From this, it follows that some humans are living beings.
false
true
428fcd4d-5c1a-4c6b-b836-a6cf49562c77
Anything that is a doctor is also a human. No humans are ever insects. This logically suggests that some insects are not doctors.
true
true
199ec342-0add-469d-87ce-5c375b2f75d1
Every single liquid is a molecule. Every single gas is a molecule. As a result, all gases are liquids.
false
false
d8954215-16e1-4b1a-ab2f-bb98b633712d
There are some ideas that are made of cheese. Every single idea is an emotion. Consequently, some emotions are made of cheese.
true
false
88906e17-b2f0-4ba9-9a42-387949ef58d8
There is no such thing as an insect that is also a mammal. Every single ant is an insect. It logically follows that ants are not mammals.
true
true
57cefbea-6a5e-4b24-b537-007d1837b288
A few large predators are insects. Every single insect is a tiny creature. It logically follows that some tiny creatures are large predators.
true
false
cc362ec8-4aca-4868-acb7-c4b193c9dd20
There are no chairs that are not furniture. All furniture are items found in a household. It follows that some items found in a household are chairs.
true
true
7fc2053a-6dba-4035-89ca-1cc3397c9e15
Polygons and circles have no overlap whatsoever. At least one thing that is a circle is a triangle. Some of the things that are triangles are not polygons.
true
false
3b1c7731-50f6-4d9b-a0a1-9d9afa9134e3
Everything that can be classified as an apple is a vegetable. Everything that is a carrot is also a vegetable. Every single apple is a carrot.
false
false
fd7d1283-6217-4458-8f48-40968017069c
Every single vehicle is an animal. No cars are animals. A portion of modes of transportation are not vehicles.
true
false
342ddbb4-d0f4-41d5-9fe8-b9cfa5414ee9
Every single human is an alien. Every single human is a reptile. Therefore, there are reptiles that are aliens.
true
false
89cbc28f-fbfa-46fd-849a-14aaaf90eece
There is no book that is an electronic device. All electronic devices are items. This proves that some items are books.
false
true
f98919ca-cc46-4be8-b485-2a8085bb3303
There are some robots that are teenagers. Every teenager is a human. It follows from this that every single human is a robot.
false
false
e630eecd-f2e5-40b2-8417-3d88982377a5
None of the items that are carrots are bell peppers. There are vegetables that are bell peppers. It is correct to infer that some vegetables are not carrots.
true
true
4a57a2e2-b86d-45ec-9db2-f15de898af11
No animal that is a reptile is a mammal. A few of the things that are fish are reptiles. This leads to the conclusion that a certain number of fish are mammals.
false
false
bac14978-b426-42f3-830e-d222127e8425
No relatives are considered family members. Everything that is a sibling is a family member. It can be deduced that a part of siblings are not relatives.
true
false
b849ab87-08a8-4ad7-9535-633e79d73ca5
A celestial body is never a piece of furniture. Each of the planets is, in fact, a celestial body. For this reason, no planet is an item of furniture.
true
true
a3192ff9-b4bd-45f0-a28b-29874369e42a
Any person who is a man is a human. Every man is a bachelor. It follows that every bachelor is a human.
false
true
f7420d57-87e1-4e25-9dfd-9a2154f044ba
Some fruits are bicycles. Every bicycle is a vehicle. Therefore, some vehicles are fruits.
true
false
0a60216c-0892-42a4-9afb-f72f70ce24b9
A portion of fitness enthusiasts are runners. Anyone who is a runner is also an athlete. Therefore, a subset of athletes are fitness enthusiasts.
true
true
9fcdef6b-4601-4603-92bc-1124b386ce5b
Anything that is a rose is a plant. There are no animals that are roses. Consequently, there are no animals that are plants.
false
true
e8b5e46d-d26f-4c48-bba0-4a109e59574f
Anything which is a dog is a living creature. It is the case that some living creatures are not mammals. Therefore, it follows that some mammals are not dogs.
false
true
1645c4b0-8647-41e2-be04-11e6354dbd90
Every single animal is capable of breathing underwater. There are no horses that are not animals. A number of horses are able to breathe underwater.
true
false