id
stringlengths
36
36
syllogism
stringlengths
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234
validity
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2 classes
plausibility
bool
2 classes
f351b1ff-84fb-47d7-9035-e009d5d5a987
Any penguin is a living creature. There are some living creatures that are not birds. It follows that some birds are not penguins.
false
true
c0c3e36b-70c0-4cc8-b13d-3ae4ba0424b8
It is true that all roses are flowers. It is also true that some plants are flowers. One can therefore conclude that some plants are roses.
false
true
e12158a1-5a17-43f2-b721-5790f55a7b89
All of the things that are planets are animals. All of the things that are bridges are animals. It can be deduced that there are bridges that are planets.
false
false
e11356eb-8b5e-43cf-9a95-539dd813e106
All items that are phones are electronic devices. None of the electronic devices are foods. Therefore, no food is a phone.
true
true
5a021fdb-c72e-4a97-b112-a4a4011dee86
No pet is a canine. It is known that a portion of dogs are pets. Therefore, some dogs do not belong to the group of canines.
true
false
367fccf2-1e41-4ca2-88b0-e3b9890c549d
There are no trees that are human beings. Every single oak is a tree. It's the case that some oaks are human beings.
false
false
6a1a94e0-943a-400b-a1d9-3d5810d3f215
No circle is a square. No square is a triangle either. Therefore, all triangles must be circles.
false
false
f3380f24-0f41-4d1f-a641-cbb86e5b8b08
There are no scientists that are authors of fantasy novels. All fantasy novelists are authors of fantasy novels. This proves that some fantasy novelists are not scientists.
true
true
2b14c9c4-7150-4fcc-afdf-274eefa46c96
No spoons are forks. All things that are ladles are spoons. Therefore, some things that are ladles are not forks.
true
true
a2832fb1-b2b4-46e1-9a7c-59c426c6e84f
Every single eagle is a bird. Nothing that is a bat is a bird. From this, it can be concluded that no bat is an eagle.
true
true
e7ceac1a-9b69-4033-b75a-7784340595b6
There are no dogs that are felines. Every single cat is a feline. Consequently, there are some cats who are not dogs.
true
true
31e903dc-43a9-4fb6-8841-5a724bdf53ca
Every single animal is a living thing. Anything that is a bird is an animal. All birds are living things.
false
true
82fcecfd-04c6-4a02-a513-0b7ed47b9e1d
It is the case that no bird is a fish. Some aquatic animals are things that are birds. Thus, some aquatic animals are things that are fish.
false
true
4b3cd5b6-0e44-4c83-a3ef-3fecca0982a8
It is a certainty that every single doctor is a human being. It is also true that a few professionals are human beings. On this basis, it has been stated that a few professionals are doctors.
false
true
425e7e61-535a-4719-bf90-fc33991b40ba
Anything that is a dog is a mammal. There are no sharks which are also dogs. It is the case that some sharks are not mammals.
true
true
7747bb27-234e-4882-b1cd-ddaebfec1203
Every single mountain is a landform that is flat. Anything that is a hill is a mountain. Therefore, it must be the case that all hills are flat.
true
false
fe6f084b-7a46-4d5f-a2f9-5f0e80774da8
Everything that is a tulip is a flower. It is the case that some trees are not flowers. This necessarily means that some trees are not tulips.
true
true
f7af5fc9-8a51-4ef4-8d9a-67efc9ec9208
Everything that is a vehicle is something that can fly. Any and all birds are things that can fly. This implies that all birds are vehicles.
false
false
759f4e1f-e7b9-4d07-aefb-e62155c300d3
There are some voters who are citizens. Not a single foreigner is a citizen. Therefore, no foreigner is a voter.
false
true
176e3ca1-2c5c-4500-8b42-792ce58d4098
Everything that is a fish is also an insect. Everything that is a fish is also made of fire. Hence, some things that are made of fire are insects.
true
false
b3396042-e3fe-4bcb-9cc3-0281c8e0a856
All things that are tigers are felines. All tigers are mammals. Therefore, some animals that are mammals are not felines.
false
true
3f9d3a77-23b4-4ea3-8246-5d39dc5f6d49
Everything that is a carrot is also a vegetable. Some dogs are carrots. Therefore, all dogs can be said to be vegetables.
false
false
906d3863-253f-4a03-9396-aa6ac915b954
There is not a single engineer who is a medical practitioner. Every single person who is a doctor is also a medical practitioner. Doctors and engineers are mutually exclusive occupations.
true
true
de23d5a3-4fb9-46cc-84d8-e0cff6132ab1
It is true that some vehicles are machines. It is also true that no spoons are vehicles. Thus, it is concluded that no spoons are machines.
false
true
154d3137-be50-4fff-85ad-80f687f7806a
There are no rivers that are oceans. Every single river is a body of water. It logically follows that some bodies of water are not oceans.
true
true
e3ef3dd1-8520-4e8f-b3e0-e12fde645d76
Every politician is a citizen. All senators are citizens. Consequently, every single senator is a politician.
false
true
f859c7bc-5b00-483b-8ca7-5ca519182fe7
There are no cars which are motorcycles. Every single car is, in fact, a vehicle. It is the case that some vehicles are not motorcycles.
true
true
19d18525-ca90-4aef-b6d0-3b8a0e15430e
Every single piece of furniture is sentient. It is true that some chairs are furniture. Therefore, every chair is sentient.
false
false
473c1a59-2fbf-498c-b237-ac7513a2901d
There is no triangle that is a square. A square, every single one of them, is a geometric shape. Certain geometric shapes are not triangles.
true
true
0b232bb6-4474-4e36-b13e-e6e8bbf83663
There are some researchers who are also academics. A person who is an academic is also part of the university faculty. Therefore, some university faculty are researchers.
true
true
550d9d17-634f-43b0-a389-f8faaead4a7a
It is the case that there are no fish that are also mammals. Anything that is a whale is not a fish. It follows that some whales are mammals.
false
true
a37f602d-1c58-42da-bff0-9886d5b37547
Anything that is a mammal is a warm-blooded animal. There is no such thing as a warm-blooded animal that is a fish. It follows that there are no fish that are mammals.
true
true
89cab2a7-6be0-43c5-9000-d6e5160a2ede
Every vehicle that is a car is also a vehicle. A portion of the items that are automobiles are also vehicles. It follows that some automobiles are not cars.
false
false
b57336bd-25d5-4f2a-8edc-ecc25544f64c
There are no items that are both felines and cats. The category of tigers contains some members that are cats. It must be the case that some tigers are not felines.
true
false
9f14cb82-d768-436a-93b3-21de7617dc83
Anyone who is a professor is an academic. Not a single artist is an academic. Consequently, no artist is a professor.
true
true
5704ad50-0947-41ed-b7bb-385a2dc1cb52
There are all humans which are primates. Every human is a kind of mammal. It follows that all mammals are not primates.
false
true
fcd92fbd-f6f8-4dee-92ae-36de10989e23
Every single thing that is a tool is an object. Anything that is a hammer is a tool. This means that all hammers are objects.
true
true
30b17729-94b7-43d6-973f-c3ed42b6e924
Everything that is a chair is furniture. Every single table is furniture. It follows from this that some tables are chairs.
false
false
666ff1f1-6234-4cce-be59-4b760b692996
The set of planets and the set of clouds are mutually exclusive. All clouds in existence are Earth. A portion of Earth is not a planet.
true
false
99e780ef-b889-4429-a5fe-22a193b9681e
Every single geometric figure is an emotion. It is not the case that some circles are emotions. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that some circles are not geometric figures.
true
false
bab90238-8b28-4f96-b4a1-d60539f830cb
Every bicycle is a vehicle. Every bicycle is an item that has wheels. Therefore, this implies that some items with wheels are vehicles.
true
true
54cf0041-6930-4de3-aac5-4810959586d0
It is a fact that all birds can fly. There are some animals which are birds. Therefore, every single animal can fly.
false
false
b3566155-2b25-4d18-8fdc-653f3c93ac19
Anything that is an animal is a mammal. There are no dogs which are animals. Thus, there are no dogs that are mammals.
false
false
f11aecef-3e59-473a-b84d-c2cc26525774
Every single person is a human. Anything that is a human is a husband. Consequently, it follows that all husbands are people.
false
true
6f498eff-ed8a-4128-b751-ea02b9d28bc7
Every mammal is made of glass. It is the case that some cats are not made of glass. Therefore, it is true that some cats are not mammals.
true
false
ee8e00e2-7bf8-41a3-8009-40d328cb1d60
It is true that no mammals are insects. There are no butterflies that are mammals. Therefore, it follows that some butterflies are insects.
false
true
d20244c4-f1d9-483d-9504-66e3a29118cc
There are no trees that cannot teleport. Every single thing that can teleport has gills. It is a logical consequence that some things with gills are trees.
true
false
941ec598-d637-4f22-b558-367267161a64
Every single planet is a thing made of cheese. The Earth is a planet. A certain part of Earth is made of cheese.
true
false
a931aae3-a242-418c-9a4a-4940e4abe241
Not a single pencil is a pen. There are some pencils which are also writing tools. We can conclude from this that some writing tools are not pens.
true
true
65aaed4e-522b-422d-b4e4-cd5dfced222e
Anything that is a mammal is a human. Every dog is a mammal. Not a single dog is a human.
false
true
92c0d24f-2d6f-492e-b5c9-693b39835a52
It is not true that any insect is a bird. All airplains are, without exception, birds. This means that every airplain is an insect.
false
false
963d5e8c-7bbc-4b94-9e38-bba3f6e14854
None of the things that are birds are insects. Every sparrow is a bird. Therefore, it is the case that some sparrows are not insects.
true
true
5042a832-ecad-4b81-a4c8-716ac22397ef
Anything that is a table is furniture. Lamps are not things that are furniture. It's impossible for any lamp to be a table.
true
true
d8c5466a-77d4-47cc-b862-c8df585de57c
Any animal that is a cat is a cloud. Every single animal with fur is a cloud. It follows that no animal with fur is a cat.
false
false
a1bcb9af-88de-40c2-aaf3-55ee03a1ba1b
There are no animals that are also plants. At least one tree is a plant. At least one tree is not an animal.
false
true
003f7a6d-6f45-4dd6-8a07-62805dd6d309
Of the people who are children, some of them are humans. A portion of the people who are humans are also children. It must be the case that some children are not humans.
false
false
0403d922-4237-409b-9817-9ea3d0b266c1
It is completely false that any person who is a scientist is an artist. There exists a group of scientists who are also physicists. A valid inference is that some physicists are not artists.
true
true
44d442d7-5ded-41e8-ab37-ba472b6b7594
There are no cars that are bicycles. No bicycles are things that are motorcycles. Therefore, it is the case that some motorcycles are not cars.
false
true
0b331eee-6e74-4e26-a85f-6d5eba71cf31
There are some rocks that are guitars. Every single guitar is a musical instrument. It follows that some musical instruments are rocks.
true
false
11c07653-4008-4b22-aeea-b4b1b4da83ad
There is nothing that is a fruit that is a baked good. Not one passion fruit is a baked good. Consequently, it follows that some passion fruits are not fruits.
false
false
8be74042-6920-42ad-8f7f-3c0e53ba5fe7
Plants are never stones. A few stones are, in fact, flowers. There exist flowers that are not plants.
true
false
784d9ce8-5934-4f3f-b89e-96748b1a2758
Every vegetable is a cloud. Any object that is a potato is a vegetable. This means that all potatoes are clouds.
true
false
3d7c7fbc-0adb-4101-8aa6-802808fc572f
Every single cat is a four-legged creature. There is no dog that is a cat. It can be concluded that no dog is a four-legged creature.
false
false
1e369b67-1620-4d10-ac81-41690d525f37
Not a single fish is an insect. There are some elephants that are not fish. We can conclude that no elephant is an insect.
false
true
df0aff5c-b274-4b95-9734-fff4407e5a63
Anything that is a square has four equal sides. Every single object that has four equal sides has four sides. This means that all squares have four sides.
true
true
f365e4e6-b827-4b74-b09a-e386043f0e89
It is true that everything that is a dog is an animal. It is also true that no mammals are dogs. Thus, it is concluded that no mammals are animals.
false
false
99c889f6-dd98-4b0d-9fa3-2f6612880fdb
Some aquatic animals can be considered fish. Not a single human is an aquatic animal. As a result, no human is a fish.
false
true
8c0b2788-b46e-45b5-bf37-d6226804536d
It is the case that no arachnid has eight legs. Every spider is an arachnid. It follows that no spider has eight legs.
true
false
8b839892-71f7-4ea5-9c5b-7aa33246451f
Every single thing that is a number is a letter. The set of all integers contains no letters. It is the case that there are certain integers which are not numbers.
true
false
7e1a1cc2-c813-4e34-9278-b6ed795138ac
Anything that is a spider is a mammal. All spiders are insects. This means that a few insects are mammals.
false
false
9f443de1-8727-4b33-9dcc-20936c3cdb7e
It is not true that any ocean is a continent. Every single thing that is an ocean named Pacific is an ocean. This means some oceans named Pacific are not continents.
true
true
8fad6fdb-f462-4147-9b0f-28b1343200b8
Anything that is a planet is considered a celestial body. It is impossible for a bridge to be a celestial body. Some bridges can be found that are not planets.
true
true
3b9c1d10-9d37-4030-a1e0-7a0734ef18c3
Anything that is a robot is a thing made of water. Every single thing made of water is a planet. From these statements, it can be concluded that some planets are robots.
true
false
dd900a56-5956-4be4-aacd-69f465bf602f
Not a single man is a woman. It is also true that no adult is a man. It follows that no adult is a woman.
false
false
4eec3e1d-089f-4118-bc47-8e1339aee90e
All sedans are cars. Some motorcycles are not cars. Therefore, some motorcycles are not sedans.
true
true
0c04a1b5-b1bc-4e24-bac7-ae6083b0b922
Anything that is a solid is also an animal. There exist some rocks that are not animals. This logically entails that some rocks are not solid.
true
false
1e6eb831-90f8-44bc-9af7-cf906db517a2
Every single shark is an aquatic creature. A number of sharks are classified as fish. Consequently, it is the case that some fish are aquatic creatures.
true
true
f8530683-a0a0-4237-ade3-f1a3db5048d7
Plants are in no way living things. Everything that is a plant is an organism. It's the case that some organisms are not living things.
true
false
a0d82c8d-78c5-436b-9365-c243ace27faf
Everything that is a star is cold. A few stars are suns. It is the case that some suns are cold.
true
false
3a9614bf-8aa3-4732-9ebd-c766b0d410d6
Every single insect is a creature that has six legs. Anything that is an ant is an insect. Therefore, there are no ants that do not have six legs.
true
true
94961071-4c98-4f16-a4a5-a1740f7385ea
All things that are tigers are felines. All things that are cats are felines. It can be deduced that there are cats that are tigers.
false
true
95541976-ff89-4549-8a3d-298ceea07086
There exist some felines that are also pets. There are pets which are mammals. The result of this is that some mammals are not felines.
false
true
fba06d33-39b6-4e03-ae12-ac3e4f2cb1e0
There are no numbers which are both even and odd. A few numbers that are odd are also divisible by two. Not all numbers that are divisible by two are even.
true
false
17d36cec-c1cf-4ccf-bbac-f9bb5f480a53
Every single poodle is a canine. It is known that no felines are poodles. Consequently, there are no felines which are canines.
false
true
4598dede-6a7f-4cbb-b3fe-b6c05c78c836
Anything that is a doctor is an alien. There are no aliens who are humans. This means that no human is a doctor.
true
false
e7f815bb-c544-4254-ae70-2cce67c91699
Nothing that is clothing is a shirt. There is some apparel that is made of shirts. We must conclude that some apparel is not clothing.
true
false
d1fcc155-1744-4c4b-a040-daf230c6639e
Everything that is a pencil is a writing tool. Anything that is a writing tool is an object. Consequently, we can conclude that that every single object is a pencil.
false
false
494c1ed1-4d99-4018-b050-35170f6165b2
Anything that is a technology is a piece of furniture. No furniture is a phone. It is therefore a sound deduction that some phones is not technology.
true
false
dfb8a20d-5172-4950-98fd-88c8ab747b08
Anything that can be called a musician is also an artist. A portion of artists are painters. A certain portion of painters are not musicians.
false
true
0c25c7bd-6606-4ac2-aa9d-c4da566070f6
No doctor is a lawyer. Lawyers are, without exception, professionals. A number of professionals are doctors.
false
true
b7891f0d-55f4-4f60-9ab2-0f462e15d928
A portion of planets are rocks. There are some moons that are rocks. Consequently, some moons are planets.
false
false
7f808836-92dc-4373-b549-b41528d1a39a
There exist some birds that can fly. A few tables are birds. Consequently, some tables are able to fly.
false
false
43c15f64-aede-463a-89c8-2b4e89583f94
There are some objects that are metals that are not gold. All objects that are metals are elements. Consequently, some elements are not gold.
true
true
b4236af0-41a4-4acf-8f97-493fe6280b37
Anything that is a square is a shape that is round. Every single triangle is a square. This means that all triangles are round.
true
false
ece7ce41-fb69-40a6-b3ea-c01d505e35ae
It is a fact that every single dog is a creature. Likewise, it is true that all cats are creatures. Therefore, it has been asserted that every cat is a dog.
false
false
ef765642-a09f-49b2-9336-a2b8bd4bb7c8
Nothing that is a chair is a piece of furniture. A thing that is a table is never a chair. It follows that a table is never a piece of furniture.
false
false
e9e40c9e-9f62-4551-a81c-67160af6292d
It is true that some things that are trees do not have roots. Everything that is a tree is a plant. It logically follows that there are some plants that do not have roots.
true
false
c49471ca-9eb9-463c-a517-fd57b9179d9e
There are no cats that are fish. Every single dolphin is a cat. It is therefore the case that every dolphin is a fish.
false
false
d0d4f9ab-2fc8-4786-bbeb-ee04a17448ff
Every politician is a living organism. All senators are living organisms. Consequently, every single senator is a politician.
false
true
f9007724-6a5c-48f5-a324-1e95a7a2b660
There is no such thing as a water creature that is able to breathe underwater. Every single fish is a water creature. Consequently, no fish are able to breathe underwater.
true
false