id stringlengths 36 36 | syllogism stringlengths 70 234 | validity bool 2
classes | plausibility bool 2
classes |
|---|---|---|---|
abe7856c-6d01-4804-8925-024dc21d11d9 | There are no animals that are living creatures. Every single mammal is a living creature. Consequently, there exist some mammals which are not animals. | true | false |
b5a2d8f8-8dc8-4f55-9da3-7b964f045574 | No individual who is a physicist is an English teacher. There are some people who are teachers and are also English teachers. Thus, some individuals who are teachers are not physicists. | true | true |
6448127c-d151-4443-8c20-b905f2d0146d | Anything that is a mammal is not an insect. It is known that some items that are spiders are insects. A consequence is that some spiders are mammals. | false | false |
d55b879b-3633-419a-8b27-6a4704f0d118 | It is true that there are some individuals who are musicians who are not pianists. Every musician is an artist. From these two facts, one can conclude that some artists are not pianists. | true | true |
66f1c7d9-8f37-4f93-842e-4020d38b0e68 | It is not true that any bird is a cat. No dog is a bird. This leads to the conclusion that no dog is a cat. | false | true |
5b7d32a6-8a3c-41a1-ab3f-03143d574cbd | Every human is an animal that is a primate. No animals that are primates are also fish. Therefore, it is the case that some fish are not humans. | true | true |
995564e9-24da-47e6-9c8b-c5352eadc638 | Anything that is a human is a primate. The set of reptiles contains no primates. Every single reptile is a human. | false | true |
51fdf28a-0458-4d35-9d2b-9992fcb0a57e | There is no fire which is hot. All of the bonfires are fire. Thus, there exist some bonfires which are not hot. | true | false |
a032a04b-1692-4c50-867a-17e2cdfc0387 | Every animal is a mammal. There are some reptiles that are animals. It can be concluded that all reptiles are mammals. | false | false |
2ab78772-0f7f-4554-ab3a-8bd5d40b66e7 | Every object that orbits a star is a planet. Anything that is a gas giant is an object that is a planet. Therefore, there are no gas giants that do not orbit a star. | true | true |
9b4a33d2-4024-4900-9a9f-13f66f1f6b84 | Every single hammer is a tool. Nothing that is a wrench is a tool. Therefore, it must be the case that every wrench is a hammer. | false | false |
c7a40015-f5f1-4a6e-9065-839eadd5172a | There are no politicians that are fish. There are no fish that are lawyers. Therefore, some lawyers are politicians. | false | true |
7ba0e12a-e78e-468b-a647-54332b6660b7 | Every single mammal is an animal. Every single mammal is a vertebrate. Therefore, there are vertebrates that are animals. | true | true |
e977d9ed-ced8-4eee-a678-f1fe41b23b05 | Nothing that is a cold-blooded animal is also a reptile. Among the animals that are snakes, some are cold-blooded. It is therefore the case that some snakes are not reptiles. | true | false |
5caaa82f-e106-47af-a5ec-f5a195e341d1 | Every creature that is a human is an academic. All professors are academics. This leads to the conclusion that there are some professors who are not humans. | false | false |
4480e5d5-495a-4928-a420-a3c74b9268a9 | Every single mammal is an animal. Each and every feline is an animal. This makes it true that every feline is a mammal. | false | true |
eb34cdc4-fa19-4ddc-8cd2-6c8f13f1e7a5 | Anything that is a scientist is a person who studies. Anything that is a scientist is a professional. Consequently, some professionals are people who study. | true | true |
c22180d9-b32d-481d-a2ed-a540c1e1853f | Every keyboard is a cloud. Not a single cloud is a musical instrument. From this, it follows that no musical instruments is a keyboard. | true | false |
beb1df32-1d8c-40eb-a481-d08752c30625 | The set of living beings is a subset of the set of animals with gills. At least one fish is not an animal with gills. Not every fish is a living being. | false | false |
5e28ca3b-7365-4519-aefc-6b8ad8270ff6 | There exist creatures which are sharks that are not creatures that leave in water. Every shark is a fish. Consequently, it follows that some fish are not creatures that leave in water. | true | false |
73e5dc2c-1c3a-4c0d-96ea-61002d03f225 | It is true that all cars are vehicles. Anything that is a bicycle is also a vehicle. It's the case that some bicycles fail to be cars. | false | true |
98252dfa-fc4f-4882-b126-5929bce03dad | There is not a single item that is a car and also a truck. A subset of vehicles consists of trucks. It can be deduced that some vehicles are not cars. | true | true |
d1a8eb77-d4f7-4b1c-be1a-6e501f5b910e | Every single thing that is a bird is an animal. Anything that is a pigeon is, without exception, a bird. This means that all pigeons are animals. | true | true |
31792188-56c1-4948-89de-1b72940f1e44 | Every car is a vehicle. Nothing that is a building can be considered a vehicle. There are some buildings that do not fit the description of a car. | true | true |
7047ea6a-0592-4226-9d6c-8d852a4e4d83 | Not a single thing that is a canine is a feline. It is the case that a portion of dogs are canines. This proves that some dogs are felines. | false | false |
e1d73587-80f8-4605-8498-0ef21fec3ba9 | Every single person who is a biologist is a scientist. All people who are physicists are scientists. This leads to the conclusion that all physicists are biologists. | false | false |
8e73a345-d7c3-4d9f-bd1b-c0b852a03dcf | Not a single person who is a poodle is a dog. Every single animal is a poodle. The conclusion that no animal is a dog is inescapable. | false | false |
33d55b15-c886-478b-91bb-8af9b5b7fe31 | All successful people are those who can be rich. Every single person who is successful works hard. This proves that everyone who works hard can be rich. | false | true |
35ecf751-bb19-4329-ad37-1087d9fe2a0a | Every car is a motorized vehicle. At least one bicycle is not a motorized vehicle. Not all bicycles can be considered cars. | false | true |
14973340-3381-49f3-9dcd-3805c7a419bc | It is true that every single book is invisible. Anything that is invisible is also poisonous. This means that a few poisonous things are books. | true | false |
ffc1a467-4a95-445e-96bf-6064f3348b75 | There are no dogs that are cats. There are no dogs that are reptiles. Consequently, no reptiles are cats. | false | true |
c4526195-4ffd-4b73-b37b-e7fcc91d6812 | Nothing that is a liquid is a solid. It is the case that some water is not a solid. The only conclusion is that some water is not a liquid. | false | false |
6a8f60ed-ac31-45e0-8c05-4915d090f21d | There are no fiction books that are not non-fiction. Anything that is a novel is a fiction book. Therefore, some novels are non-fiction. | true | false |
a9e0e8bb-07cb-4153-bfc7-cb4428463fc7 | Gold is always classified as a metal. Nothing that is a plastic is a metal. Therefore, no plastic is gold. | true | true |
e9335b28-89be-4bdd-97da-cc84bec3b7dd | A few aquatic animals are fish. All things that are fish are vertebrates. It can be deduced that some vertebrates are aquatic animals. | true | true |
14d879e5-8e7b-41c1-882c-1a75b86844b4 | Every single dog is a mammal. Nothing that is a lizard is a mammal. Consequently, there are no creatures that are both lizards and dogs. | true | true |
28bd236c-0c71-4d83-bf97-b09721850918 | No animal that is a dog is a bird. Some of the animals known as beagles are dogs. As a result, some beagles are not birds. | true | true |
a9d0a8e8-8892-47e4-8b25-85d1bb1394dc | Any beverage that is chilled is cold. Some soft drinks are beverages that are chilled. It follows that some soft drinks are cold. | true | true |
942fb93d-8fcc-478a-a1b7-d1bb4610c661 | It is the case that some individuals who are professors are not lecturers. Anyone who is a professor is also an academic. Consequently, it can be concluded that some academics are not lecturers. | true | true |
8c0b8a2d-6338-4d41-9d69-ca633163341a | The group of furniture is a subset of the group of chairs. At least one sofa is not a chair. Not every sofa is a furntiture. | false | false |
ff711f53-e1ce-448e-958b-c702260df860 | There are no humans who are insects. A few humans are astronauts. It is the case that a portion of all astronauts are insects. | false | false |
59294bfb-c4e7-4b47-8ddf-947ebb9e14ff | Anything that is a fish is not a mammal. There are no dogs that are fish. Consequently, every dog is a mammal. | false | true |
187905fc-878d-4ac2-bdd6-638daa9818f8 | Anything that is a cat is a feline. Every single tiger is a feline. It follows that every tiger is not a cat. | false | true |
e213d351-2f05-43b4-b277-c9ecded9473b | Not a single item that is an instrument is a piano. There are keyboards which are also pianos. We must conclude that some keyboards are not instruments. | true | false |
17929cfd-f422-400e-a2fe-a28b86424926 | Everything that is an oak is a plant. A certain number of oaks are trees. This implies that some trees are plants. | true | true |
b46a6c4b-d833-453c-9718-023a87186adc | Anything that is a primate has a thumb. All monkeys are, by definition, primates. We can conclude that some monkeys have a thumb. | true | true |
6304f895-d581-4b74-ac78-648b509789f5 | There is no plant that is a mushroom. Some of the mushrooms are vegetables. Therefore, some vegetables are not plants. | true | false |
4174bbf2-1f54-4ae3-a5e9-cefac102ed46 | There are no animals that do not live on land. It is the case that no fish is an animal. At least some fish live on land. | false | false |
c7fd5116-5c07-4a94-b028-21957275f4b9 | There exist some fish that are bony fish. Of the items that are sharks, some are bony fish. We must conclude that some sharks are not fish. | false | false |
490459ce-a63c-4b9c-952f-4f2600c080c1 | Every single person is a human. A number of women are humans. Consequently, some women are people. | false | true |
76d43773-397f-4d6b-8304-d4f2ce89290f | It is the case that no cars are boats. It is also true that no bikes are cars. From these statements, one can conclude that some bikes are not boats. | false | true |
f91a4b0c-fc65-4d9d-9aa6-20e11f95b5a8 | Anything with an internal combustion engine needs fuel. Some cars possess an internal combustion engine. From this, it follows that some cars need fuel. | true | true |
5b14aaf3-7046-4858-8069-723378b1d76c | All things that are made of wood can catch on fire. There are some chairs that are wooden objects. It follows, then, that some chairs can be set on fire. | true | true |
a7b103d0-0445-418e-aa2d-7d7302c10c51 | It is true that all novels are books. There are some posters that are not books. Therefore, it is the case that some posters are not novels. | true | true |
dfd5eb0f-1457-4e71-b1d9-60dd75ce5ebb | It is true that every single vehicle is a cloud. No clouds are cars. Based on this information, it is logically necessary that some cars are not vehicles. | true | false |
ec09b245-cd39-4bf3-95b5-29f73ac156ab | Every single snake is a reptile. It is the case that all lizards are reptiles. It follows that some lizards are snakes. | false | true |
f82be88d-5ec5-48f2-98ed-84893e692052 | Nothing that is a vehicle is a building. All buildings in existence are cars. A certain portion of cars are not vehicles. | true | false |
17d75025-267a-445c-af3a-f1ad604d6c4d | Everything that is an ocean is a body of water. A few rivers are bodies of water. Consequently, it is possible to infer that some rivers are oceans. | false | false |
c9085b40-41d0-45a8-bdcf-306b0fb9ed9a | It is the case that all trees are plants. Anything that is an oak is also a plant. Some oaks fail to be trees. | false | false |
45c767ec-4f15-4178-b7cd-91d61f9ffdf8 | Each and every star is a celestial body. There are some planets that are stars. Consequently, all planets are celestial bodies. | false | true |
975254d3-6a2c-4878-8eb4-4f5bd70a0394 | It is not the case that every novel has pages. Every single thing which is a novel is a book. One can therefore conclude that some books do not have pages. | true | false |
0c88cde4-2b57-4056-8871-e3d64cad89da | Every plant is a living thing. Anything that is an animal is a living thing. It is therefore the case that all animals are plants. | false | false |
dbf38723-5390-4452-b85b-19499e555bba | It is true that everything that is an animal is a mammal. It is also true that no reptiles are animals. Thus, it is concluded that no reptiles are animals. | false | false |
b601c0d3-7033-4d4a-a8ab-59ac4fe4a4c8 | Every object that is a living thing is an object with mass. All humans are objects with mass. Consequently, every single human is a living thing. | false | true |
fe103879-a542-4b78-b39f-5b3c3969a5a8 | A square cannot be a shape. There exist shapes that are squares and are also rectangles. It necessarily follows that a subset of rectangles are not shapes. | true | false |
cc4fa2b9-3a5c-449c-b887-703315f129ff | There are some celestial bodies that are stars. There are some planets which are celestial bodies. Planets are in no way stars. | false | true |
eb1866e6-0efb-4683-874c-f8303965a818 | There are no animals that are vegetables. It is also true that no cats are vegetables. Therefore, it is argued that every cat is an animal. | false | true |
c38ed5be-cc84-4689-b624-40e8028d6e08 | There are no creatures with feathers which are also insects. Every single creature identified as a bird is a creature with feathers. None of the creatures that are birds are also insects. | true | true |
6917eb33-a69d-4447-bd79-e891457405d4 | There are some mammals that can fly. It is the case that no bird can fly. Therefore, all birds are mammals. | false | false |
91cc9185-2d04-4140-a98c-61c8b582afe2 | Anything which is a human is capable of walking. It is the case that no rock is a human. At least some rocks can walk. | false | false |
f4db0d1f-081b-4f3d-95a0-726adff675f6 | Every single elephant is a mammal. Every single rhinoceros is a mammal. This means that no rhinoceros is an elephant. | false | true |
a33f2989-2d8f-40f2-9680-351c1fa406ef | Every single four-sided-shape is a rectangle. All four-sided-shapes are squares. It follows from this that some squares are not rectangles. | false | false |
f879bc6e-b6df-4283-9c10-51fac98c9f1e | Anything that is a car is an object that moves. Some vehicles are cars. Therefore, every single vehicle is an object that moves. | false | true |
55acfad1-cae2-452d-897f-82ff20b9d476 | There are no houses that are buildings. There are no cars that are houses. It follows, then, that some cars are buildings. | false | false |
ad3f9d03-8ff5-4351-be16-ff960693bd50 | Every person who is a professional cook is a person who can cook. A portion of professional cooks are chefs. Thus, it is the case that some chefs are people who can cook. | true | true |
0cd88274-2420-4a6f-a7d5-791418d1ac9f | Nothing that is a mineral is a plant. It is known that a portion of rocks are minerals. This leads to the conclusion that a certain number of rocks are plants. | false | false |
7e8b844e-cae9-489c-85d2-754e381f6ced | Anyone who is a reader is a scholar. There are students who are readers. Consequently, some students are scholars. | true | true |
2219408c-9372-4018-a741-45e971e04512 | There is no fish that is a mammal. No mammals are birds whatsoever. This implies that no bird is a fish. | false | true |
661f36d9-ec1e-499b-b9ad-1a6ca24dd73a | Hats and jackets do not overlap. A portion of jackets are pieces of clothing. Some pieces of clothing are not hats. | true | true |
e8e7080d-1e0d-461c-ab4d-5b4718980ffa | The set of refrigerators and the set of pieces of furniture have nothing in common. All items that are sofas are pieces of furniture. Refrigerators are not sofas. | true | true |
f2deff13-a6a2-47f0-8835-89a093ad2c5d | Animals and tables have no overlap whatsoever. A portion of tables are birds. Some of the things that are birds are not animals. | true | false |
fe124870-b0cd-4e46-a5f5-67bd5447463a | Some of the mammals are carnivores. Every single carnivore is an animal. It is the case that some animals are mammals. | true | true |
ae5332c8-e538-4acc-b93e-e1db2ba41d49 | There are no parrots which are mammals. Some birds are parrots. This implies that some birds are mammals. | false | true |
187124ed-e532-46c1-846e-4e88789f621c | Anything that is a carrot is also a fruit. There is no banana which is a carrot. This means that no banana is a fruit. | false | false |
7c03f7df-2432-474c-b889-72c099494fbb | Every spoon is a planet. All planets are singing lessons. It can be logically concluded that some singing lessons are spoons. | true | false |
d3bb5775-efda-4bba-b4a7-c546af42cf33 | Anything that is an insect is a creature made of glass. Every single ant is an insect. Consequently, all ants are made of glass. | true | false |
e364a21e-cecb-4050-818a-20c1195a0f9b | There is not a single item that is both a color and red. Of the items that are hues, a portion of them are red. It must be the case that some hues are not colors. | true | false |
a0f1b414-9e52-40f6-9b3f-02181b8c8577 | Every car can be described as a machine. There are no ferraries that are machines. Consequently, no ferrari is a car. | true | false |
1567c398-05f8-425d-8d0f-3fc7c7327cf0 | Every single shirt is a piece of clothing. No articles of clothing are ever beverages. This implies that some beverages are not shirts. | true | true |
45d94787-3541-406f-af22-4fd535dee8a8 | Every vehicle has wheels. At least one car does not have wheels. Not all cars are vehicles. | false | false |
6cb41e5e-32e3-4eeb-b3b2-700c7e3a692f | Anything that is a dog is an animal. Everything that is a cat is an animal. It is the case that some cats are not canines. | false | true |
3a99d768-f046-4aff-a9fd-78b6abed373a | There is no plant that is a rock. Some of the rocks are flowers. Therefore, some flowers are not plants. | true | false |
4afebaca-60c2-4a9e-aa14-81508d9f6a0c | People are not, in any way, learners. Anything that is a student is a learner. Students cannot be people. | true | false |
982c7ee4-d97d-4ff7-927b-351beb3c89e9 | All things which are oceans are computers. All things which are oceans are made of silk. It follows that some things made of silk are computers. | true | false |
3be34539-8d21-4398-a341-054fc05f0e60 | Nothing that is mortal is immortal. Every single human being is a mortal creature. Therefore, no human is immortal. | true | true |
312d903d-c5fc-4ac8-beb2-3ec72f6b25b9 | There are no plants that are fish. Some objects classified as a rose is a plant. Therefore, no roses are fish. | false | true |
619eeec3-c9e1-404d-8ca6-5375df3777bb | Furniture are things that are in no way items for sitting. All items that are chairs were designed for sitting. Chairs are not furniture. | true | false |
555e904c-ecda-4b8b-8e97-d80dafe29a87 | Every monkey is a primate. There are some animals that have prehensile tails which are monkeys. This means that a few animals with prehensile tails are primates. | true | true |
0700415b-1bd2-4bf2-baba-848f70b38c7d | Some trains are not celestial bodies. It is the case that every single train is a planet. Consequently, some planets cannot be considered celestial bodies. | true | false |
5797d6f3-0f12-4f1f-90ae-6d1c5098dc5c | Every single truck is a vehicle. There are some scooters which are not vehicles. It follows that some scooters are not trucks. | true | true |
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