Technique
stringclasses
79 values
Technique_ID
stringclasses
79 values
Technique_Description
stringclasses
79 values
Tactic
stringclasses
22 values
Tactic_Description
stringclasses
22 values
Mitigation Name
stringclasses
51 values
Mitigation Technology Description
float64
MIT_ID
stringclasses
51 values
Mitigation_Description
stringclasses
51 values
NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4
stringclasses
26 values
IEC 62443-3-3:2013
stringclasses
18 values
IEC 62443-4-2:2019
stringclasses
22 values
References
stringclasses
24 values
Reference_Link
stringclasses
23 values
ICS_ASSET
stringclasses
8 values
DATA_Source
stringclasses
49 values
Purdue_Model_Level
stringclasses
5 values
MAT_MIT_REF_Links
stringclasses
51 values
MAT_TEC_REF_Links
stringclasses
79 values
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Human User Authentication
null
M0804
Require user authentication before allowing access to data or accepting commands to a device. While strong multi-factor authentication is preferable, it is not always feasible within ICS environments. Performing strong user authentication also requires additional security controls and processes which are often the target of related adversarial techniques (e.g., Valid Accounts, Default Credentials). Therefore, associated ATT&CK mitigations should be considered in addition to this, including Multi-factor Authentication, Account Use Policies, Password Policies, User Account Management, Privileged Account Management, and [https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1052/ User Account Control].
IA-2
SR 1.1
CR 1.1
null
null
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0804
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Network Allowlists
null
M0807
Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.
AC-3
null
null
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Control Server
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0807
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Network Allowlists
null
M0807
Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.
AC-3
null
null
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0807
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Network Allowlists
null
M0807
Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.
AC-3
null
null
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0807
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Control Server
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Password Policies
null
M0927
Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.
IA-5
SR 1.5
CR 1.5
1. CISA. (2013, June). Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-175A
Control Server
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0927
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Password Policies
null
M0927
Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.
IA-5
SR 1.5
CR 1.5
1. CISA. (2013, June). Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-175A
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0927
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Password Policies
null
M0927
Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.
IA-5
SR 1.5
CR 1.5
1. CISA. (2013, June). Risks of Default Passwords on the Internet. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-175A
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0927
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Software Process and Device Authentication
null
M0813
Require the authentication of devices and software processes where appropriate. Devices that connect remotely to other systems should require strong authentication to prevent spoofing of communications. Furthermore, software processes should also require authentication when accessing APIs.
IA-9
SR 1.2
CR 1.2
null
null
Control Server
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0813
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Software Process and Device Authentication
null
M0813
Require the authentication of devices and software processes where appropriate. Devices that connect remotely to other systems should require strong authentication to prevent spoofing of communications. Furthermore, software processes should also require authentication when accessing APIs.
IA-9
SR 1.2
CR 1.2
null
null
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0813
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
Software Process and Device Authentication
null
M0813
Require the authentication of devices and software processes where appropriate. Devices that connect remotely to other systems should require strong authentication to prevent spoofing of communications. Furthermore, software processes should also require authentication when accessing APIs.
IA-9
SR 1.2
CR 1.2
null
null
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0813
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
User Account Management
null
M0918
Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.
AC-2
SR 1.3
CR 1.3
null
null
Control Server
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
User Account Management
null
M0918
Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.
AC-2
SR 1.3
CR 1.3
null
null
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote Services
T0886
Adversaries may leverage remote services to move between assets and network segments. These services are often used to allow operators to interact with systems remotely within the network, some examples are RDP, SMB, SSH, and other similar mechanisms.
Initial Access, Lateral Movement
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment. The adversary is trying to move through your ICS environment.
User Account Management
null
M0918
Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.
AC-2
SR 1.3
CR 1.3
null
null
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Share: Network Share Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: Process Creation
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0886
Remote System Discovery
T0846
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for subsequent Lateral Movement or Discovery techniques. Functionality could exist within adversary tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system or vendor software could also be used.
Discovery
The adversary is locating information to assess and identify their targets in your environment.
Static Network Configuration
null
M0814
Configure hosts and devices to use static network configurations when possible, protocols that require dynamic discovery/addressing (e.g., ARP, DHCP, DNS) can be used to manipulate network message forwarding and enable various MitM attacks. This mitigation may not always be usable due to limited device features or challenges introduced with different network configurations.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
1. D. Parsons and D. Wylie. (2019, September). Practical Industrial Control System (ICS) Cybersecurity: IT and OT Have Converged – Discover and Defend Your Assets. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 2. Colin Gray. (n.d.). How SDN Can Improve Cybersecurity in OT Networks. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 3. Josh Rinaldi. (2016, April). Still a Thrill: OPC UA Device Discovery. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 4. Aditya K Sood. (2019, July). Discovering and fingerprinting BACnet devices. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 5. Langner. (2018, November). Why Ethernet/IP changes the OT asset discovery game. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://www.csiac.org/journal-article/practical-industrial-control-system-ics-cybersecurity-it-and-ot-have-converged-discover-and-defend-your-assets/ https://cdn.selinc.com/assets/Literature/Publications/Technical%20Papers/6891_HowSDN_CG_20180720_Web2.pdf?v=20190312-231901 https://www.rtautomation.com/rtas-blog/still-a-thrill-opc-ua-device-discovery/ https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2019/07/10/bacnet-devices/ https://www.langner.com/2018/11/why-ethernet-ip-changes-the-ot-asset-discovery-game/
Control Server
Command: Command Execution, File: File Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0814
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0846
Remote System Discovery
T0846
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for subsequent Lateral Movement or Discovery techniques. Functionality could exist within adversary tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system or vendor software could also be used.
Discovery
The adversary is locating information to assess and identify their targets in your environment.
Static Network Configuration
null
M0814
Configure hosts and devices to use static network configurations when possible, protocols that require dynamic discovery/addressing (e.g., ARP, DHCP, DNS) can be used to manipulate network message forwarding and enable various MitM attacks. This mitigation may not always be usable due to limited device features or challenges introduced with different network configurations.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
1. D. Parsons and D. Wylie. (2019, September). Practical Industrial Control System (ICS) Cybersecurity: IT and OT Have Converged – Discover and Defend Your Assets. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 2. Colin Gray. (n.d.). How SDN Can Improve Cybersecurity in OT Networks. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 3. Josh Rinaldi. (2016, April). Still a Thrill: OPC UA Device Discovery. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 4. Aditya K Sood. (2019, July). Discovering and fingerprinting BACnet devices. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 5. Langner. (2018, November). Why Ethernet/IP changes the OT asset discovery game. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://www.csiac.org/journal-article/practical-industrial-control-system-ics-cybersecurity-it-and-ot-have-converged-discover-and-defend-your-assets/ https://cdn.selinc.com/assets/Literature/Publications/Technical%20Papers/6891_HowSDN_CG_20180720_Web2.pdf?v=20190312-231901 https://www.rtautomation.com/rtas-blog/still-a-thrill-opc-ua-device-discovery/ https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2019/07/10/bacnet-devices/ https://www.langner.com/2018/11/why-ethernet-ip-changes-the-ot-asset-discovery-game/
Data Historian
Command: Command Execution, File: File Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0814
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0846
Remote System Discovery
T0846
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for subsequent Lateral Movement or Discovery techniques. Functionality could exist within adversary tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system or vendor software could also be used.
Discovery
The adversary is locating information to assess and identify their targets in your environment.
Static Network Configuration
null
M0814
Configure hosts and devices to use static network configurations when possible, protocols that require dynamic discovery/addressing (e.g., ARP, DHCP, DNS) can be used to manipulate network message forwarding and enable various MitM attacks. This mitigation may not always be usable due to limited device features or challenges introduced with different network configurations.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
1. D. Parsons and D. Wylie. (2019, September). Practical Industrial Control System (ICS) Cybersecurity: IT and OT Have Converged – Discover and Defend Your Assets. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 2. Colin Gray. (n.d.). How SDN Can Improve Cybersecurity in OT Networks. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 3. Josh Rinaldi. (2016, April). Still a Thrill: OPC UA Device Discovery. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 4. Aditya K Sood. (2019, July). Discovering and fingerprinting BACnet devices. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 5. Langner. (2018, November). Why Ethernet/IP changes the OT asset discovery game. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://www.csiac.org/journal-article/practical-industrial-control-system-ics-cybersecurity-it-and-ot-have-converged-discover-and-defend-your-assets/ https://cdn.selinc.com/assets/Literature/Publications/Technical%20Papers/6891_HowSDN_CG_20180720_Web2.pdf?v=20190312-231901 https://www.rtautomation.com/rtas-blog/still-a-thrill-opc-ua-device-discovery/ https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2019/07/10/bacnet-devices/ https://www.langner.com/2018/11/why-ethernet-ip-changes-the-ot-asset-discovery-game/
Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED
Command: Command Execution, File: File Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 0 Level 1
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0814
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0846
Remote System Discovery
T0846
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for subsequent Lateral Movement or Discovery techniques. Functionality could exist within adversary tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system or vendor software could also be used.
Discovery
The adversary is locating information to assess and identify their targets in your environment.
Static Network Configuration
null
M0814
Configure hosts and devices to use static network configurations when possible, protocols that require dynamic discovery/addressing (e.g., ARP, DHCP, DNS) can be used to manipulate network message forwarding and enable various MitM attacks. This mitigation may not always be usable due to limited device features or challenges introduced with different network configurations.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
1. D. Parsons and D. Wylie. (2019, September). Practical Industrial Control System (ICS) Cybersecurity: IT and OT Have Converged – Discover and Defend Your Assets. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 2. Colin Gray. (n.d.). How SDN Can Improve Cybersecurity in OT Networks. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 3. Josh Rinaldi. (2016, April). Still a Thrill: OPC UA Device Discovery. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 4. Aditya K Sood. (2019, July). Discovering and fingerprinting BACnet devices. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 5. Langner. (2018, November). Why Ethernet/IP changes the OT asset discovery game. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://www.csiac.org/journal-article/practical-industrial-control-system-ics-cybersecurity-it-and-ot-have-converged-discover-and-defend-your-assets/ https://cdn.selinc.com/assets/Literature/Publications/Technical%20Papers/6891_HowSDN_CG_20180720_Web2.pdf?v=20190312-231901 https://www.rtautomation.com/rtas-blog/still-a-thrill-opc-ua-device-discovery/ https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2019/07/10/bacnet-devices/ https://www.langner.com/2018/11/why-ethernet-ip-changes-the-ot-asset-discovery-game/
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, File: File Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0814
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0846
Remote System Discovery
T0846
Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for subsequent Lateral Movement or Discovery techniques. Functionality could exist within adversary tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system or vendor software could also be used.
Discovery
The adversary is locating information to assess and identify their targets in your environment.
Static Network Configuration
null
M0814
Configure hosts and devices to use static network configurations when possible, protocols that require dynamic discovery/addressing (e.g., ARP, DHCP, DNS) can be used to manipulate network message forwarding and enable various MitM attacks. This mitigation may not always be usable due to limited device features or challenges introduced with different network configurations.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
1. D. Parsons and D. Wylie. (2019, September). Practical Industrial Control System (ICS) Cybersecurity: IT and OT Have Converged – Discover and Defend Your Assets. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 2. Colin Gray. (n.d.). How SDN Can Improve Cybersecurity in OT Networks. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 3. Josh Rinaldi. (2016, April). Still a Thrill: OPC UA Device Discovery. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 4. Aditya K Sood. (2019, July). Discovering and fingerprinting BACnet devices. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 5. Langner. (2018, November). Why Ethernet/IP changes the OT asset discovery game. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://www.csiac.org/journal-article/practical-industrial-control-system-ics-cybersecurity-it-and-ot-have-converged-discover-and-defend-your-assets/ https://cdn.selinc.com/assets/Literature/Publications/Technical%20Papers/6891_HowSDN_CG_20180720_Web2.pdf?v=20190312-231901 https://www.rtautomation.com/rtas-blog/still-a-thrill-opc-ua-device-discovery/ https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2019/07/10/bacnet-devices/ https://www.langner.com/2018/11/why-ethernet-ip-changes-the-ot-asset-discovery-game/
Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay
Command: Command Execution, File: File Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 0 Level 1
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0814
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0846
Remote System Information Discovery
T0888
An adversary may attempt to get detailed information about remote systems and their peripherals, such as make/model, role, and configuration. Adversaries may use information from Remote System Information Discovery to aid in targeting and shaping follow-on behaviors. For example, the systems operational role and model information can dictate whether it is a relevant target for the adversary's operational objectives. In addition, the systems configuration may be used to scope subsequent technique usage.
Discovery
The adversary is locating information to assess and identify their targets in your environment.
Static Network Configuration
null
M0814
Configure hosts and devices to use static network configurations when possible, protocols that require dynamic discovery/addressing (e.g., ARP, DHCP, DNS) can be used to manipulate network message forwarding and enable various MitM attacks. This mitigation may not always be usable due to limited device features or challenges introduced with different network configurations.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
1. D. Parsons and D. Wylie. (2019, September). Practical Industrial Control System (ICS) Cybersecurity: IT and OT Have Converged – Discover and Defend Your Assets. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 2. Colin Gray. (n.d.). How SDN Can Improve Cybersecurity in OT Networks. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 3. Josh Rinaldi. (2016, April). Still a Thrill: OPC UA Device Discovery. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 4. Aditya K Sood. (2019, July). Discovering and fingerprinting BACnet devices. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 5. Langner. (2018, November). Why Ethernet/IP changes the OT asset discovery game. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://www.csiac.org/journal-article/practical-industrial-control-system-ics-cybersecurity-it-and-ot-have-converged-discover-and-defend-your-assets/ https://cdn.selinc.com/assets/Literature/Publications/Technical%20Papers/6891_HowSDN_CG_20180720_Web2.pdf?v=20190312-231901 https://www.rtautomation.com/rtas-blog/still-a-thrill-opc-ua-device-discovery/ https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2019/07/10/bacnet-devices/ https://www.langner.com/2018/11/why-ethernet-ip-changes-the-ot-asset-discovery-game/
Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Application Log: Application Log Content
Level 0 Level 1
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0814
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0888
Remote System Information Discovery
T0888
An adversary may attempt to get detailed information about remote systems and their peripherals, such as make/model, role, and configuration. Adversaries may use information from Remote System Information Discovery to aid in targeting and shaping follow-on behaviors. For example, the systems operational role and model information can dictate whether it is a relevant target for the adversary's operational objectives. In addition, the systems configuration may be used to scope subsequent technique usage.
Discovery
The adversary is locating information to assess and identify their targets in your environment.
Static Network Configuration
null
M0814
Configure hosts and devices to use static network configurations when possible, protocols that require dynamic discovery/addressing (e.g., ARP, DHCP, DNS) can be used to manipulate network message forwarding and enable various MitM attacks. This mitigation may not always be usable due to limited device features or challenges introduced with different network configurations.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
1. D. Parsons and D. Wylie. (2019, September). Practical Industrial Control System (ICS) Cybersecurity: IT and OT Have Converged – Discover and Defend Your Assets. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 2. Colin Gray. (n.d.). How SDN Can Improve Cybersecurity in OT Networks. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 3. Josh Rinaldi. (2016, April). Still a Thrill: OPC UA Device Discovery. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 4. Aditya K Sood. (2019, July). Discovering and fingerprinting BACnet devices. Retrieved September 25, 2020. 5. Langner. (2018, November). Why Ethernet/IP changes the OT asset discovery game. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://www.csiac.org/journal-article/practical-industrial-control-system-ics-cybersecurity-it-and-ot-have-converged-discover-and-defend-your-assets/ https://cdn.selinc.com/assets/Literature/Publications/Technical%20Papers/6891_HowSDN_CG_20180720_Web2.pdf?v=20190312-231901 https://www.rtautomation.com/rtas-blog/still-a-thrill-opc-ua-device-discovery/ https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2019/07/10/bacnet-devices/ https://www.langner.com/2018/11/why-ethernet-ip-changes-the-ot-asset-discovery-game/
Safety Instrumented System/Protection Relay
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Application Log: Application Log Content
Level 0 Level 1
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0814
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0888
Replication Through Removable Media
T0847
Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Disable or Remove Feature or Program
null
M0942
Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software to prevent abuse by adversaries.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Control Server
Drive: Drive Creation, File: File Access, File: File Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0942
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0847
Replication Through Removable Media
T0847
Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Disable or Remove Feature or Program
null
M0942
Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software to prevent abuse by adversaries.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Data Historian
Drive: Drive Creation, File: File Access, File: File Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0942
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0847
Replication Through Removable Media
T0847
Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Disable or Remove Feature or Program
null
M0942
Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software to prevent abuse by adversaries.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Drive: Drive Creation, File: File Access, File: File Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0942
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0847
Replication Through Removable Media
T0847
Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Limit Hardware Installation
null
M0934
Block users or groups from installing or using unapproved hardware on systems, including USB devices.
MP-7
SR 3.2
EDR 3.2
null
null
Control Server
Drive: Drive Creation, File: File Access, File: File Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0934
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0847
Replication Through Removable Media
T0847
Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Limit Hardware Installation
null
M0934
Block users or groups from installing or using unapproved hardware on systems, including USB devices.
MP-7
SR 3.2
EDR 3.2
null
null
Data Historian
Drive: Drive Creation, File: File Access, File: File Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0934
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0847
Replication Through Removable Media
T0847
Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Limit Hardware Installation
null
M0934
Block users or groups from installing or using unapproved hardware on systems, including USB devices.
MP-7
SR 3.2
EDR 3.2
null
null
Human-Machine Interface
Drive: Drive Creation, File: File Access, File: File Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0934
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0847
Replication Through Removable Media
T0847
Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Operating System Configuration
null
M0928
Make configuration changes related to the operating system or a common feature of the operating system that result in system hardening against techniques.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
null
null
Control Server
Drive: Drive Creation, File: File Access, File: File Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0928
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0847
Replication Through Removable Media
T0847
Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Operating System Configuration
null
M0928
Make configuration changes related to the operating system or a common feature of the operating system that result in system hardening against techniques.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
null
null
Data Historian
Drive: Drive Creation, File: File Access, File: File Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0928
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0847
Replication Through Removable Media
T0847
Adversaries may move onto systems, such as those separated from the enterprise network, by copying malware to removable media which is inserted into the control systems environment. The adversary may rely on unknowing trusted third parties, such as suppliers or contractors with access privileges, to introduce the removable media. This technique enables initial access to target devices that never connect to untrusted networks, but are physically accessible.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Operating System Configuration
null
M0928
Make configuration changes related to the operating system or a common feature of the operating system that result in system hardening against techniques.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
null
null
Human-Machine Interface
Drive: Drive Creation, File: File Access, File: File Creation, Process: Process Creation
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0928
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0847
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Communication Authenticity
null
M0802
When communicating over an untrusted network, utilize secure network protocols that both authenticate the message sender and can verify its integrity. This can be done either through message authentication codes (MACs) or digital signatures, to detect spoofed network messages and unauthorized connections.
SC-8; SC-23
SR 3.1
CR 3.1
1. CISA. (2010, March 11). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-003. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-003
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0802
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Communication Authenticity
null
M0802
When communicating over an untrusted network, utilize secure network protocols that both authenticate the message sender and can verify its integrity. This can be done either through message authentication codes (MACs) or digital signatures, to detect spoofed network messages and unauthorized connections.
SC-8; SC-23
SR 3.1
CR 3.1
1. CISA. (2010, March 11). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-003. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-003
Engineering Workstation
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0802
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Communication Authenticity
null
M0802
When communicating over an untrusted network, utilize secure network protocols that both authenticate the message sender and can verify its integrity. This can be done either through message authentication codes (MACs) or digital signatures, to detect spoofed network messages and unauthorized connections.
SC-8; SC-23
SR 3.1
CR 3.1
1. CISA. (2010, March 11). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-003. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-003
Human-Machine Interface
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0802
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Filter Network Traffic
null
M0937
Use network appliances to filter ingress or egress traffic and perform protocol-based filtering. Configure software on endpoints to filter network traffic. Perform inline allow/denylisting of network messages based on the application layer (OSI Layer 7) protocol, especially for automation protocols. Application allowlists are beneficial when there are well-defined communication sequences, types, rates, or patterns needed during expected system operations. Application denylists may be needed if all acceptable communication sequences cannot be defined, but instead a set of known malicious uses can be denied (e.g., excessive communication attempts, shutdown messages, invalid commands). Devices performing these functions are often referred to as deep-packet inspection (DPI) firewalls, context-aware firewalls, or firewalls blocking specific automation/SCADA protocol aware firewalls. [1]
AC-3; SC-7
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
1. Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure 2005, February FIREWALL DEPLOYMENT FOR SCADA AND PROCESS CONTROL NETWORKS Retrieved. 2020/09/17
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/Good%20Practices%20Guide%20for%20Firewall%20Deployment.pdf
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0937
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Filter Network Traffic
null
M0937
Use network appliances to filter ingress or egress traffic and perform protocol-based filtering. Configure software on endpoints to filter network traffic. Perform inline allow/denylisting of network messages based on the application layer (OSI Layer 7) protocol, especially for automation protocols. Application allowlists are beneficial when there are well-defined communication sequences, types, rates, or patterns needed during expected system operations. Application denylists may be needed if all acceptable communication sequences cannot be defined, but instead a set of known malicious uses can be denied (e.g., excessive communication attempts, shutdown messages, invalid commands). Devices performing these functions are often referred to as deep-packet inspection (DPI) firewalls, context-aware firewalls, or firewalls blocking specific automation/SCADA protocol aware firewalls. [1]
AC-3; SC-7
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
1. Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure 2005, February FIREWALL DEPLOYMENT FOR SCADA AND PROCESS CONTROL NETWORKS Retrieved. 2020/09/17
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/Good%20Practices%20Guide%20for%20Firewall%20Deployment.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0937
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Filter Network Traffic
null
M0937
Use network appliances to filter ingress or egress traffic and perform protocol-based filtering. Configure software on endpoints to filter network traffic. Perform inline allow/denylisting of network messages based on the application layer (OSI Layer 7) protocol, especially for automation protocols. Application allowlists are beneficial when there are well-defined communication sequences, types, rates, or patterns needed during expected system operations. Application denylists may be needed if all acceptable communication sequences cannot be defined, but instead a set of known malicious uses can be denied (e.g., excessive communication attempts, shutdown messages, invalid commands). Devices performing these functions are often referred to as deep-packet inspection (DPI) firewalls, context-aware firewalls, or firewalls blocking specific automation/SCADA protocol aware firewalls. [1]
AC-3; SC-7
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
1. Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure 2005, February FIREWALL DEPLOYMENT FOR SCADA AND PROCESS CONTROL NETWORKS Retrieved. 2020/09/17
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/Good%20Practices%20Guide%20for%20Firewall%20Deployment.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0937
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Network Allowlists
null
M0807
Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.
AC-3
null
null
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0807
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Network Allowlists
null
M0807
Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.
AC-3
null
null
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0807
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Network Allowlists
null
M0807
Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.
AC-3
null
null
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0807
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Software Process and Device Authentication
null
M0813
Require the authentication of devices and software processes where appropriate. Devices that connect remotely to other systems should require strong authentication to prevent spoofing of communications. Furthermore, software processes should also require authentication when accessing APIs.
IA-9
SR 1.2
CR 1.2
null
null
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0813
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Software Process and Device Authentication
null
M0813
Require the authentication of devices and software processes where appropriate. Devices that connect remotely to other systems should require strong authentication to prevent spoofing of communications. Furthermore, software processes should also require authentication when accessing APIs.
IA-9
SR 1.2
CR 1.2
null
null
Engineering Workstation
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0813
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rogue Master
T0848
Adversaries may setup a rogue master to leverage control server functions to communicate with outstations. A rogue master can be used to send legitimate control messages to other control system devices, affecting processes in unintended ways. It may also be used to disrupt network communications by capturing and receiving the network traffic meant for the actual master. Impersonating a master may also allow an adversary to avoid detection.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Software Process and Device Authentication
null
M0813
Require the authentication of devices and software processes where appropriate. Devices that connect remotely to other systems should require strong authentication to prevent spoofing of communications. Furthermore, software processes should also require authentication when accessing APIs.
IA-9
SR 1.2
CR 1.2
null
null
Human-Machine Interface
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Application Log: Application Log Content, Operational Databases: Process/Event Alarm
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0813
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0848
Rootkit
T0851
Adversaries may deploy rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting and modifying operating-system API calls that supply system information. Rootkits or rootkit-enabling functionality may reside at the user or kernel level in the operating system, or lower.
Evasion, Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to avoid security defenses. The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Audit
null
M0947
Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses. Perform periodic integrity checks of the device to validate the correctness of the firmware, software, programs, and configurations. Integrity checks, which typically include cryptographic hashes or digital signatures, should be compared to those obtained at known valid states, especially after events like device reboots, program downloads, or program restarts.
SI-7
SR 3.4
CR 3.4
1. IEC. (2019, February). Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 4-2: Technical security requirements for IACS components. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/34421
Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED
Drive: Drive Modification, Firmware: Firmware Modification, Module: Module Load
Level 0 Level 1
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0947
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0851
Rootkit
T0851
Adversaries may deploy rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting and modifying operating-system API calls that supply system information. Rootkits or rootkit-enabling functionality may reside at the user or kernel level in the operating system, or lower.
Evasion, Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to avoid security defenses. The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Code Signing
null
M0945
Enforce binary and application integrity with digital signature verification to prevent untrusted code from executing.
SI-7
SR 3.4
CR 3.4
null
null
Field Controller/RTU/PLC/IED
Drive: Drive Modification, Firmware: Firmware Modification, Module: Module Load
Level 0 Level 1
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0945
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0851
Screen Capture
T0852
Adversaries may attempt to perform screen capture of devices in the control system environment. Screenshots may be taken of workstations, HMIs, or other devices that display environment-relevant process, device, reporting, alarm, or related data. These device displays may reveal information regarding the ICS process, layout, control, and related schematics. In particular, an HMI can provide a lot of important industrial process information. Analysis of screen captures may provide the adversary with an understanding of intended operations and interactions between critical devices.
Collection
The adversary is trying to gather data of interest and domain knowledge on your ICS environment to inform their goal.
Mitigation Limited or Not Effective
null
M0816
This type of attack technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventative controls since it is based on the abuse of system features.
null
null
null
null
null
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, Process: OS API Execution
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0816
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0852
Scripting
T0853
Adversaries may use scripting languages to execute arbitrary code in the form of a pre-written script or in the form of user-supplied code to an interpreter. Scripting languages are programming languages that differ from compiled languages, in that scripting languages use an interpreter, instead of a compiler. These interpreters read and compile part of the source code just before it is executed, as opposed to compilers, which compile each and every line of code to an executable file. Scripting allows software developers to run their code on any system where the interpreter exists. This way, they can distribute one package, instead of precompiling executables for many different systems. Scripting languages, such as Python, have their interpreters shipped as a default with many Linux distributions.
Execution
The adversary is trying to run code or manipulate system functions, parameters, and data in an unauthorized way.
Application Isolation and Sandboxing
null
M0948
Restrict the execution of code to a virtual environment on or in-transit to an endpoint system.
SI-3
SR 5.4
CR 5.4
1. Dan Goodin. (2017, March). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, Module: Module Load, Process: Process Creation, Script: Script Execution
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0948
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0853
Scripting
T0853
Adversaries may use scripting languages to execute arbitrary code in the form of a pre-written script or in the form of user-supplied code to an interpreter. Scripting languages are programming languages that differ from compiled languages, in that scripting languages use an interpreter, instead of a compiler. These interpreters read and compile part of the source code just before it is executed, as opposed to compilers, which compile each and every line of code to an executable file. Scripting allows software developers to run their code on any system where the interpreter exists. This way, they can distribute one package, instead of precompiling executables for many different systems. Scripting languages, such as Python, have their interpreters shipped as a default with many Linux distributions.
Execution
The adversary is trying to run code or manipulate system functions, parameters, and data in an unauthorized way.
Disable or Remove Feature or Program
null
M0942
Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software to prevent abuse by adversaries.
CM-7
SR 7.7
CR 7.7
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, Module: Module Load, Process: Process Creation, Script: Script Execution
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0942
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0853
Scripting
T0853
Adversaries may use scripting languages to execute arbitrary code in the form of a pre-written script or in the form of user-supplied code to an interpreter. Scripting languages are programming languages that differ from compiled languages, in that scripting languages use an interpreter, instead of a compiler. These interpreters read and compile part of the source code just before it is executed, as opposed to compilers, which compile each and every line of code to an executable file. Scripting allows software developers to run their code on any system where the interpreter exists. This way, they can distribute one package, instead of precompiling executables for many different systems. Scripting languages, such as Python, have their interpreters shipped as a default with many Linux distributions.
Execution
The adversary is trying to run code or manipulate system functions, parameters, and data in an unauthorized way.
Execution Prevention
null
M0938
Block execution of code on a system through application control, and/or script blocking.
SI-3
SR 3.2
CR 3.2
null
null
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, Module: Module Load, Process: Process Creation, Script: Script Execution
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0938
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0853
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Control Server
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Data Historian
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Restrict File and Directory Permissions
null
M0922
Restrict access by setting directory and file permissions that are not specific to users or privileged accounts.
AC-6
SR 2.1
CR 2.1
1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2013, April). Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-53r4.pdf
Control Server
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0922
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Restrict File and Directory Permissions
null
M0922
Restrict access by setting directory and file permissions that are not specific to users or privileged accounts.
AC-6
SR 2.1
CR 2.1
1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2013, April). Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-53r4.pdf
Data Historian
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0922
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Restrict File and Directory Permissions
null
M0922
Restrict access by setting directory and file permissions that are not specific to users or privileged accounts.
AC-6
SR 2.1
CR 2.1
1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2013, April). Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-53r4.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0922
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Restrict File and Directory Permissions
null
M0922
Restrict access by setting directory and file permissions that are not specific to users or privileged accounts.
AC-6
SR 2.1
CR 2.1
1. National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2013, April). Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-53r4.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0922
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Restrict Registry Permissions
null
M0924
Restrict the ability to modify certain hives or keys in the Windows Registry.
AC-6
SR 2.1
CR 2.1
null
null
Control Server
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0924
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Restrict Registry Permissions
null
M0924
Restrict the ability to modify certain hives or keys in the Windows Registry.
AC-6
SR 2.1
CR 2.1
null
null
Data Historian
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0924
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Restrict Registry Permissions
null
M0924
Restrict the ability to modify certain hives or keys in the Windows Registry.
AC-6
SR 2.1
CR 2.1
null
null
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0924
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
Restrict Registry Permissions
null
M0924
Restrict the ability to modify certain hives or keys in the Windows Registry.
AC-6
SR 2.1
CR 2.1
null
null
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0924
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
User Account Management
null
M0918
Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.
AC-2
SR 1.3
CR 1.3
null
null
Control Server
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
User Account Management
null
M0918
Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.
AC-2
SR 1.3
CR 1.3
null
null
Data Historian
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
User Account Management
null
M0918
Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.
AC-2
SR 1.3
CR 1.3
null
null
Engineering Workstation
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Service Stop
T0881
Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment. Services may not allow for modification of their data stores while running. Adversaries may stop services in order to conduct Data Destruction.
Inhibit Response Function
The adversary is trying to prevent your safety, protection, quality assurance, and operator intervention functions from responding to a failure, hazard, or unsafe state.
User Account Management
null
M0918
Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.
AC-2
SR 1.3
CR 1.3
null
null
Human-Machine Interface
Command: Command Execution, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Termination, Service: Service Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0918
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0881
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Antivirus/Antimalware
null
M0949
Use signatures or heuristics to detect malicious software. Within industrial control environments, antivirus/antimalware installations should be limited to assets that are not involved in critical or real-time operations. To minimize the impact to system availability, all products should first be validated within a representative test environment before deployment to production systems. [1]
SI-3
SR 3.2
CR 3.2
1. NCCIC 2018, August 2 Recommended Practice: Updating Antivirus in an Industrial Control System Retrieved. 2020/09/17
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/Recommended%20Practice%20Updating%20Antivirus%20in%20an%20Industrial%20Control%20System_S508C.pdf
Control Server
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0949
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Antivirus/Antimalware
null
M0949
Use signatures or heuristics to detect malicious software. Within industrial control environments, antivirus/antimalware installations should be limited to assets that are not involved in critical or real-time operations. To minimize the impact to system availability, all products should first be validated within a representative test environment before deployment to production systems. [1]
SI-3
SR 3.2
CR 3.2
1. NCCIC 2018, August 2 Recommended Practice: Updating Antivirus in an Industrial Control System Retrieved. 2020/09/17
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/Recommended%20Practice%20Updating%20Antivirus%20in%20an%20Industrial%20Control%20System_S508C.pdf
Data Historian
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0949
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Antivirus/Antimalware
null
M0949
Use signatures or heuristics to detect malicious software. Within industrial control environments, antivirus/antimalware installations should be limited to assets that are not involved in critical or real-time operations. To minimize the impact to system availability, all products should first be validated within a representative test environment before deployment to production systems. [1]
SI-3
SR 3.2
CR 3.2
1. NCCIC 2018, August 2 Recommended Practice: Updating Antivirus in an Industrial Control System Retrieved. 2020/09/17
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/Recommended%20Practice%20Updating%20Antivirus%20in%20an%20Industrial%20Control%20System_S508C.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0949
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Antivirus/Antimalware
null
M0949
Use signatures or heuristics to detect malicious software. Within industrial control environments, antivirus/antimalware installations should be limited to assets that are not involved in critical or real-time operations. To minimize the impact to system availability, all products should first be validated within a representative test environment before deployment to production systems. [1]
SI-3
SR 3.2
CR 3.2
1. NCCIC 2018, August 2 Recommended Practice: Updating Antivirus in an Industrial Control System Retrieved. 2020/09/17
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/Recommended%20Practice%20Updating%20Antivirus%20in%20an%20Industrial%20Control%20System_S508C.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0949
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Network Intrusion Prevention
null
M0931
Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries. In industrial control environments, network intrusion prevention should be configured so it will not disrupt protocols and communications responsible for real-time functions related to control or safety.
SI-4
SR 6.2
CR 6.2
1. Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf
Control Server
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0931
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Network Intrusion Prevention
null
M0931
Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries. In industrial control environments, network intrusion prevention should be configured so it will not disrupt protocols and communications responsible for real-time functions related to control or safety.
SI-4
SR 6.2
CR 6.2
1. Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf
Data Historian
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0931
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Network Intrusion Prevention
null
M0931
Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries. In industrial control environments, network intrusion prevention should be configured so it will not disrupt protocols and communications responsible for real-time functions related to control or safety.
SI-4
SR 6.2
CR 6.2
1. Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0931
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Network Intrusion Prevention
null
M0931
Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries. In industrial control environments, network intrusion prevention should be configured so it will not disrupt protocols and communications responsible for real-time functions related to control or safety.
SI-4
SR 6.2
CR 6.2
1. Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0931
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Restrict Web-Based Content
null
M0921
Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc.
SC-18
SR 2.4
HDR 2.4
null
null
Control Server
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0921
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Restrict Web-Based Content
null
M0921
Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc.
SC-18
SR 2.4
HDR 2.4
null
null
Data Historian
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0921
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Restrict Web-Based Content
null
M0921
Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc.
SC-18
SR 2.4
HDR 2.4
null
null
Engineering Workstation
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0921
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
Restrict Web-Based Content
null
M0921
Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc.
SC-18
SR 2.4
HDR 2.4
null
null
Human-Machine Interface
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0921
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
User Training
null
M0917
Train users to be aware of access or manipulation attempts by an adversary to reduce the risk of successful spearphishing, social engineering, and other techniques that involve user interaction.
AT-2
null
null
null
null
Control Server
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0917
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
User Training
null
M0917
Train users to be aware of access or manipulation attempts by an adversary to reduce the risk of successful spearphishing, social engineering, and other techniques that involve user interaction.
AT-2
null
null
null
null
Data Historian
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0917
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
User Training
null
M0917
Train users to be aware of access or manipulation attempts by an adversary to reduce the risk of successful spearphishing, social engineering, and other techniques that involve user interaction.
AT-2
null
null
null
null
Engineering Workstation
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0917
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spearphishing Attachment
T0865
Adversaries may use a spearphishing attachment, a variant of spearphishing, as a form of a social engineering attack against specific targets. Spearphishing attachments are different from other forms of spearphishing in that they employ malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered and target a specific individual, company, or industry. In this scenario, adversaries attach a file to the spearphishing email and usually rely upon User Execution to gain execution and access.
Initial Access
The adversary is trying to get into your ICS environment.
User Training
null
M0917
Train users to be aware of access or manipulation attempts by an adversary to reduce the risk of successful spearphishing, social engineering, and other techniques that involve user interaction.
AT-2
null
null
null
null
Human-Machine Interface
Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0917
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0865
Spoof Reporting Message
T0856
Adversaries may spoof reporting messages in control system environments for evasion and to impair process control. In control systems, reporting messages contain telemetry data (e.g., I/O values) pertaining to the current state of equipment and the industrial process. Reporting messages are important for monitoring the normal operation of a system or identifying important events such as deviations from expected values.
Evasion, Impair Process Control
The adversary is trying to avoid security defenses. The adversary is trying to manipulate, disable, or damage physical control processes.
Communication Authenticity
null
M0802
When communicating over an untrusted network, utilize secure network protocols that both authenticate the message sender and can verify its integrity. This can be done either through message authentication codes (MACs) or digital signatures, to detect spoofed network messages and unauthorized connections.
SC-8; SC-23
SR 3.1
CR 3.1
1. CISA. (2010, March 11). https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-003. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST05-003
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Application Log: Application Log Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0802
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0856
Spoof Reporting Message
T0856
Adversaries may spoof reporting messages in control system environments for evasion and to impair process control. In control systems, reporting messages contain telemetry data (e.g., I/O values) pertaining to the current state of equipment and the industrial process. Reporting messages are important for monitoring the normal operation of a system or identifying important events such as deviations from expected values.
Evasion, Impair Process Control
The adversary is trying to avoid security defenses. The adversary is trying to manipulate, disable, or damage physical control processes.
Filter Network Traffic
null
M0937
Use network appliances to filter ingress or egress traffic and perform protocol-based filtering. Configure software on endpoints to filter network traffic. Perform inline allow/denylisting of network messages based on the application layer (OSI Layer 7) protocol, especially for automation protocols. Application allowlists are beneficial when there are well-defined communication sequences, types, rates, or patterns needed during expected system operations. Application denylists may be needed if all acceptable communication sequences cannot be defined, but instead a set of known malicious uses can be denied (e.g., excessive communication attempts, shutdown messages, invalid commands). Devices performing these functions are often referred to as deep-packet inspection (DPI) firewalls, context-aware firewalls, or firewalls blocking specific automation/SCADA protocol aware firewalls. [1]
AC-3; SC-7
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
1. Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure 2005, February FIREWALL DEPLOYMENT FOR SCADA AND PROCESS CONTROL NETWORKS Retrieved. 2020/09/17
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/Good%20Practices%20Guide%20for%20Firewall%20Deployment.pdf
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Application Log: Application Log Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0937
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0856
Spoof Reporting Message
T0856
Adversaries may spoof reporting messages in control system environments for evasion and to impair process control. In control systems, reporting messages contain telemetry data (e.g., I/O values) pertaining to the current state of equipment and the industrial process. Reporting messages are important for monitoring the normal operation of a system or identifying important events such as deviations from expected values.
Evasion, Impair Process Control
The adversary is trying to avoid security defenses. The adversary is trying to manipulate, disable, or damage physical control processes.
Network Allowlists
null
M0807
Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.
AC-3
null
null
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Application Log: Application Log Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0807
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0856
Spoof Reporting Message
T0856
Adversaries may spoof reporting messages in control system environments for evasion and to impair process control. In control systems, reporting messages contain telemetry data (e.g., I/O values) pertaining to the current state of equipment and the industrial process. Reporting messages are important for monitoring the normal operation of a system or identifying important events such as deviations from expected values.
Evasion, Impair Process Control
The adversary is trying to avoid security defenses. The adversary is trying to manipulate, disable, or damage physical control processes.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Application Log: Application Log Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0856
Spoof Reporting Message
T0856
Adversaries may spoof reporting messages in control system environments for evasion and to impair process control. In control systems, reporting messages contain telemetry data (e.g., I/O values) pertaining to the current state of equipment and the industrial process. Reporting messages are important for monitoring the normal operation of a system or identifying important events such as deviations from expected values.
Evasion, Impair Process Control
The adversary is trying to avoid security defenses. The adversary is trying to manipulate, disable, or damage physical control processes.
Software Process and Device Authentication
null
M0813
Require the authentication of devices and software processes where appropriate. Devices that connect remotely to other systems should require strong authentication to prevent spoofing of communications. Furthermore, software processes should also require authentication when accessing APIs.
IA-9
SR 1.2
CR 1.2
null
null
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Application Log: Application Log Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0813
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0856
Standard Application Layer Protocol
T0869
Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port. Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.
Command and Control
The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.
Network Allowlists
null
M0807
Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.
AC-3
null
null
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0807
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869
Standard Application Layer Protocol
T0869
Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port. Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.
Command and Control
The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.
Network Allowlists
null
M0807
Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.
AC-3
null
null
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Data Historian
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0807
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869
Standard Application Layer Protocol
T0869
Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port. Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.
Command and Control
The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.
Network Allowlists
null
M0807
Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.
AC-3
null
null
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0807
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869
Standard Application Layer Protocol
T0869
Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port. Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.
Command and Control
The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.
Network Allowlists
null
M0807
Network allowlists can be implemented through either host-based files or system hosts files to specify what connections (e.g., IP address, MAC address, port, protocol) can be made from a device. Allowlist techniques that operate at the application layer (e.g., DNP3, Modbus, HTTP) are addressed in Filter Network Traffic mitigation.
AC-3
null
null
1. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0807
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869
Standard Application Layer Protocol
T0869
Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port. Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.
Command and Control
The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.
Network Intrusion Prevention
null
M0931
Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries. In industrial control environments, network intrusion prevention should be configured so it will not disrupt protocols and communications responsible for real-time functions related to control or safety.
SI-4
SR 6.2
CR 6.2
1. Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0931
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869
Standard Application Layer Protocol
T0869
Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port. Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.
Command and Control
The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.
Network Intrusion Prevention
null
M0931
Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries. In industrial control environments, network intrusion prevention should be configured so it will not disrupt protocols and communications responsible for real-time functions related to control or safety.
SI-4
SR 6.2
CR 6.2
1. Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf
Data Historian
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0931
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869
Standard Application Layer Protocol
T0869
Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port. Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.
Command and Control
The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.
Network Intrusion Prevention
null
M0931
Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries. In industrial control environments, network intrusion prevention should be configured so it will not disrupt protocols and communications responsible for real-time functions related to control or safety.
SI-4
SR 6.2
CR 6.2
1. Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf
Engineering Workstation
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0931
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869
Standard Application Layer Protocol
T0869
Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port. Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.
Command and Control
The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.
Network Intrusion Prevention
null
M0931
Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries. In industrial control environments, network intrusion prevention should be configured so it will not disrupt protocols and communications responsible for real-time functions related to control or safety.
SI-4
SR 6.2
CR 6.2
1. Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1408/1408.1136.pdf
Human-Machine Interface
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 1 Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0931
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869
Standard Application Layer Protocol
T0869
Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port. Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.
Command and Control
The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Control Server
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869
Standard Application Layer Protocol
T0869
Adversaries may establish command and control capabilities over commonly used application layer protocols such as HTTP(S), OPC, RDP, telnet, DNP3, and modbus. These protocols may be used to disguise adversary actions as benign network traffic. Standard protocols may be seen on their associated port or in some cases over a non-standard port. Adversaries may use these protocols to reach out of the network for command and control, or in some cases to other infected devices within the network.
Command and Control
The adversary is trying to communicate with and control compromised systems, controllers, and platforms with access to your ICS environment.
Network Segmentation
null
M0930
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Restrict network access to only required systems and services. In addition, prevent systems from other networks or business functions (e.g., enterprise) from accessing critical process control systems. For example, in IEC 62443, systems within the same secure level should be grouped into a zone, and access to that zone is restricted by a conduit, or mechanism to restrict data flows between zones by segmenting the network. [1] [2]
AC-3
SR 5.1
CR 5.1
3. Department of Homeland Security. (2016, September). Retrieved September 25, 2020.
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf
Data Historian
Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Level 2
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M0930
https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T0869