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c_117jzpz8gu0i | NADPH is an important cofactor because it is involved in the hydride transfer which is necessary for the reduction to take place.More specifically, in order for the hydride transfer to occur, the substrate (PGD2) has to bind to the active site of the enzyme PGFS. The substrate binds to the active site through hydrogen ... | Prostaglandin F synthase |
c_w7k0um51zkw0 | On the one hand, histidine is an ideal proton donor at low pH because of its pKa value (6.00), which means that it is protonated at a pH below 6.00. On the other hand, tyrosine is an ideal proton donor at higher pH because of its pKa value (10.1). | Prostaglandin F synthase |
c_ygma6j0kr46f | The type of amino acid that is used for protonation depends on the substrate. For example, reduction of PGD2 in the human body occurs at a pH range of 6-9, which makes histidine an ideal proton donor.The hydride that is transferred to the carbonyl oxygen of PGD2 causes weakening of the hydrogen bond between the substra... | Prostaglandin F synthase |
c_ar2vri2w9xto | In order for the RSV genome transcription to occur, a primer is required. 4S RNA is the primer for RSV and 70S RNA serves as the template for DNA synthesis. Reverse transcriptase, an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, transcribes viral RNA into the full length DNA complement. | Rous Sarcoma Virus |
c_t76btv6tz4vc | In order for the Tornado to perform well as a low-level supersonic strike aircraft, it was considered necessary for it to possess good high-speed and low-speed flight characteristics. To achieve high-speed performance, a swept or delta wing is typically adopted, but these wing designs are inefficient at low speeds. To ... | Tornado IDS |
c_bim221sxjh7f | The swing-wing was also shared by the older American General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark strike fighter, and the Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 fighter. The smaller Tornado has many similarities with the F-111, however the Tornado differs in being a multi-role aircraft with more advanced onboard systems and avionics.The le... | Tornado IDS |
c_ovmyo2ups85r | Some Tornado ADVs were outfitted with an automatic wing-sweep system to reduce pilot workload. When the wings are swept back, the exposed wing area is lowered and drag is significantly decreased, which is conducive to performing high-speed low-level flight. The weapons pylons pivot with the angle of the variable-sweep ... | Tornado IDS |
c_khrmbzi0ij82 | Germany, in particular, encouraged this design aspect. For shorter take-off and landing distances, the Tornado can sweep its wings forwards to the 25-degree position, and deploy its full-span flaps and leading edge slats to allow the aircraft to fly at lower speeds. These features, in combination with the thrust revers... | Tornado IDS |
c_2vc269yn71di | In order for the above approach to work smoothly, M {\displaystyle M} must in fact be a standard transitive model in V {\displaystyle V} , so that membership and other elementary notions can be handled intuitively in both M {\displaystyle M} and V {\displaystyle V} . A standard transitive model can be obtained from any... | Forcing relation |
c_7nppr20ih8e8 | In order for the cast restoration to last in the oral environment and to protect the underlying tooth structure, the margins between cast and tooth preparation need to be as closely adapted. The marginal line design and position should facilitate plaque control, allow for adequate thickness of the restorative material ... | Dental crown |
c_j4eph5wrihve | In order for the cells to move from the epithelium of the epiblast through the primitive streak to form a new layer, the cells must undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to lose their epithelial characteristics, such as cell-cell adhesion. FGF signaling is necessary for proper EMT. FGFR1 is needed for t... | Gastrulation |
c_zamdjt3ajfmv | In order for the complex to be stable, the free energy of complex by definition must be lower than the solvent separated molecules. The binding may be primarily entropy-driven (release of ordered solvent molecules around the isolated molecule that results in a net increase of entropy of the system). When the solvent is... | Molecular complex |
c_w98wj0mh2whs | Alternatively the binding may be enthalpy-driven where non-covalent attractive forces such as electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals / London dispersion forces are primarily responsible for the formation of a stable complex. Complexes that have a strong entropy contribution to formation tend to h... | Molecular complex |
c_0d9p0abvvr4m | In order for the conditions for atomic broadcast to be satisfied, the participants must effectively "agree" on the order of receipt of the messages. Participants recovering from failure, after the other participants have "agreed" an order and started to receive the messages, must be able to learn and comply with the ag... | Atomic broadcast |
c_k2y5c3tqppno | Conversely, a group of participants can atomically broadcast messages by achieving consensus regarding the first message to be received, followed by achieving consensus on the next message, and so forth until all the messages have been received. Thus, atomic broadcast reduces to consensus. | Atomic broadcast |
c_65ys818obn0h | This was demonstrated more formally and in greater detail by Xavier Défago, et al.A fundamental result in distributed computing is that achieving consensus in asynchronous systems in which even one crash failure can occur is impossible in the most general case. This was shown in 1985 by Michael J. Fischer, Nancy Lynch,... | Atomic broadcast |
c_mimjm5j7ocb2 | In order for the defending side to have a chance at a draw (with the other side to move), the pawn must be on its seventh rank and the king must be nearby (plus a few drawing positions with the pawn on the sixth rank, as above). Except for unusual cases, the attacking side wins if the pawn is a knight pawn (b- or g-fil... | Queen versus pawn endgame |
c_gc6zc18spjgd | In this position, White wins by 1. Qg5! followed by 2. Qc1, and then the white king is brought nearer to win the pawn. If the black king is on any other square around the pawn, the position is a draw, see below (position modified slightly). | Queen versus pawn endgame |
c_r8mf49sqddo3 | In order for the diagram below to commute, three equalities must be satisfied: r ∘ h ∘ g = H ∘ G ∘ l {\displaystyle r\circ h\circ g=H\circ G\circ l} m ∘ g = G ∘ l {\displaystyle m\circ g=G\circ l} r ∘ h = H ∘ m {\displaystyle r\circ h=H\circ m} Here, since the first equality follows from the last two, it suffices to sh... | Commutative square |
c_18arhndexr77 | In order for the exchange of information to be organized and searchable on the World Wide Web domain names are used. Domain names are substitutes for IP addresses, which are presented numerically, in order to further simplify the process of searching for information on the Internet. Domain name servers maintain the lis... | Domain name auction |
c_2k6tm1ggfqot | In order for the final HEP calculation to be valid, the following assumptions require to be fulfilled: There exists a seismic event initiator that leads to the establishment of air based ventilation on the ITP processing tanks 48 and 49 It is assumed that both on and offsite power is unavailable within the context and ... | Technique for human error-rate prediction |
c_ro9j1lk31q9a | In order for the flow to be well defined, the given curve must be sufficiently smooth that it has a continuous curvature. However, once the flow starts, the curve becomes analytic, and remains so until reaching a singularity at which the curvature blows up. For a smooth curve without crossings, the only possible singul... | Curve-shortening flow |
c_05gj6cewadhw | In such cases, with some care it is possible to continue the flow past these singularities until the whole curve shrinks to a single point.For a simple closed curve, using an extension of the flow to non-smooth curves based on the level-set method, there are only two possibilities. Curves with zero Lebesgue measure (in... | Curve-shortening flow |
c_ix6zhg7mhc4u | In order for the forced vital capacity to be considered accurate it has to be conducted three times where the peak is sharp in the flow-volume curve and the exhalation time is longer than 6 seconds. Reproducibility of the PFT is determined by comparing the values of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory vol... | Lung function test |
c_rubz1z770dq6 | Lastly, the difference between the two highest values of FEV1 should also be within 150 mL. The highest FVC and FEV1 may be used from each different test. Until the results of three tests meet the criteria of reproducibility, the test can be repeated up to eight times. If it is still not possible to get accurate result... | Lung function test |
c_u9hd2ch5nvup | In order for the foregoing process to take place effectively, such that all four stages of guided imagery are completed with therapeutic beneficial effect, the patient or participant must be capable of or susceptible to absorption, which is an "openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences". This is a further rea... | Guided visualization |
c_eb4vw3bt4sa4 | In order for the lack-of-fit sum of squares to differ from the sum of squares of residuals, there must be more than one value of the response variable for at least one of the values of the set of predictor variables. For example, consider fitting a line y = α x + β {\displaystyle y=\alpha x+\beta \,} by the method of l... | Lack-of-fit sum of squares |
c_6pa84xp4od5e | To have a lack-of-fit sum of squares that differs from the residual sum of squares, one must observe more than one y-value for each of one or more of the x-values. One then partitions the "sum of squares due to error", i.e., the sum of squares of residuals, into two components: sum of squares due to error = (sum of squ... | Lack-of-fit sum of squares |
c_7tq12c34hd1a | In order for the liquid injection molding process to fully occur, several mechanical components must be in place. Typically, a molding machine requires a metered pumping device in conjunction with an injection unit—a dynamic or static mixer is attached. An integrated system can aid in precision and process efficiency. ... | Injection molding of liquid silicone rubber |
c_gr8lvcx8joc2 | An injecting device is responsible for pressurizing the liquid silicone to aid in the injection of the material into the pumping section of the machine. Pressure and injection rate can be adjusted at the operator's discretion. Metering Units. | Injection molding of liquid silicone rubber |
c_zn6eqxe8riq1 | Metering units pump the two primary liquid materials, the catalyst and the base forming silicone, ensuring that the two materials maintain a constant ratio while being simultaneously released. Supply Drums. Supply drums, also called plungers, serve as the primary containers for mixing materials. | Injection molding of liquid silicone rubber |
c_6o5frmmjjaww | Both the supply drums and a container of pigment connect to the main pumping system. Mixers. | Injection molding of liquid silicone rubber |
c_p2yw9hsn7egh | A static or dynamic mixer combines materials after they exit the metering units. Once combined, pressure is used to drive the mixture into a designated mold. Nozzle. | Injection molding of liquid silicone rubber |
c_5qnmgfcn5yk4 | To facilitate the deposition of the mixture into the mold, a nozzle is used. Often, the nozzle features an automatic shut-off valve to help prevent leaking and overfilling the mold. Mold Clamp. A mold clamp secures the mold during the injection molding process, and opens the mold upon completion. | Injection molding of liquid silicone rubber |
c_rgnlvdb4ysr5 | In order for the lungs to allow gas exchange, the lungs first need to have gas in them. In modern tetrapods, three important breathing mechanisms are conserved from early ancestors, the first being a CO2/H+ detection system. In modern tetrapod breathing, the impulse to take a breath is triggered by a buildup of CO2 in ... | Evolution of tetrapods |
c_19o0oiiywl4a | The second mechanism for a breath is a surfactant system in the lungs to facilitate gas exchange. This is also found in all Osteichthyes, even those that are almost entirely aquatic. The highly conserved nature of this system suggests that even aquatic Osteichthyes have some need for a surfactant system, which may seem... | Evolution of tetrapods |
c_j5jgfe11b55e | The third mechanism for a breath is the actual motion of the breath. This mechanism predates the last common ancestor of Osteichthyes, as it can be observed in Lampetra camtshatica, the sister clade to Osteichthyes. In Lampreys, this mechanism takes the form of a "cough", where the lamprey shakes its body to allow wate... | Evolution of tetrapods |
c_abc67mxwy2xt | In order for the minimization problem to have a well-defined solution, we have to place constraints on the set H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} of hypotheses being considered. If H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} is a normed space (as is the case for SVM), a particularly effective technique is to consider only those hyp... | Support Vector Machine |
c_0muazqybf1tf | In order for the offline applications to work, a cache manifest file must be created by the web developer. If the web application exceeds more than one page then each page must have a manifest attribute that points to the cache manifest. Every page referencing the manifest will be stored locally. The cache manifest fil... | Cache manifest in HTML5 |
c_w9zjb0glfs4q | It must be served with content type text/cache-manifestThe attribute manifest=" " must be added to the html element in order for the cache manifest file to work. Example: The argument to the manifest attribute is a relative or absolute path to the manifest file. | Cache manifest in HTML5 |
c_88w3zknbnhhs | Consider the HTML file given below. The element indicates a file named cache.appcache will contain the list of resources (i.e., test.js, test.css) needed for this web page to work offline. Common names for this file are cache.manifest and manifest.appcache. | Cache manifest in HTML5 |
c_584jh025a2ow | In order for the pre-ribosomal units to fully mature, they must be exported to the cytoplasm. To effectively move from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm, the pre-ribosomes interact with export receptors to move through the hydrophobic central channel of the nuclear pore complex. The karyopherin Crm1 is the receptor for bo... | Ribosome biogenesis |
c_u97ryo6v49fv | The Crm1 is pulled to the large 60S subunit by the help of an adapter protein called Nmd3. The adapter protein for the 40S unit is unknown. In addition to Crm1, other factors play a role in nuclear export of pre-ribosomes. A general mRNA export receptor, called Mex67, as well as a HEAT-repeating-containing protein, Rrp... | Ribosome biogenesis |
c_vn9nu8qkwdc9 | In order for the reaction to proceed, S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) and the lysine residue of the substrate histone tail must first be bound and properly oriented in the catalytic pocket of the SET domain. Next, a nearby tyrosine residue deprotonates the ε-amino group of the lysine residue. The lysine chain then makes a ... | Histone methyltransferase |
c_7trs70563h75 | In order for the reactor core to remain cool, water is sometimes needed in greater amount, resulting in a flood like effect in the reactor vessel itself. The core shroud must be able to maintain its strength when the vessel floods so that the reactor core does not melt down. The core shroud must be built to withstand t... | Core shroud |
c_c43kepruj8hr | In order for the rule to be effective, the contract in question must first be a final integrated writing; it must, in the judgment of the court, be the final agreement between the parties (as opposed to a mere draft, for example). A final agreement is either a partial or complete integration, provided that it has an ag... | Parol evidence rule |
c_s8a7xppu3dz4 | On the other hand, if the writing were to contain all of the terms as to which the parties agreed, then it would be a complete integration. One way to ensure that the contract will be found to be a final and complete integration is through the inclusion of a merger clause, which recites that the contract is, in fact, t... | Parol evidence rule |
c_d3t70ay5prkk | The importance of the distinction between partial and complete integrations is relevant to what evidence is excluded under the parol evidence rule. For both complete and partial integrations, evidence contradicting the writing is excluded under the parol evidence rule. However, for a partial integration, terms that sup... | Parol evidence rule |
c_0ylqhnlz3jth | To put it mildly, this can be an extremely subtle (and subjective) distinction. To put it simply, (1) If the parties intend a complete integration of the contract terms, no parol evidence within the scope of agreement is permitted. (2) If the parties intended a partial integrated agreement, no parol evidence that contr... | Parol evidence rule |
c_4jrq5xsqawd7 | And (3), if the parol evidence is collateral, meaning it regards a different agreement, and does not contradict the integrated terms, and are not terms any reasonable person would always naturally integrate, then the rule does not apply and the evidence is admissible. In a minority of U.S. states, (Florida, Colorado, a... | Parol evidence rule |
c_wijeklxg7fqf | This is called the Four Corners Rule, and it is traditional/old. In a Four Corners Rule jurisdiction, there are two basic rules. First, the court will never allow parol evidence if the parties intended a full and completely integrated agreement, and second, the court will only turn to parol evidence if the terms availa... | Parol evidence rule |
c_lnfhsro0l4xq | The policy is to prevent lying, to protect against doubtful veracity, to enable parties to rely dearly on written contracts, and for judicial efficiency. In most jurisdictions there are numerous exceptions to this rule, and in those jurisdictions, extrinsic evidence may be admitted for various purposes. This is called ... | Parol evidence rule |
c_8tm01gvs4rqc | It favors liberalizing the admission of evidence to determine if the contract was fully integrated and to determine if the parol evidence is relevant. In these jurisdictions, such as California, one can bring in parol evidence even if the contract is unambiguous on its face, if the parol evidence creates ambiguity. The... | Parol evidence rule |
c_vz3tar8so3o5 | In order for the signals to add together, they need to arrive in-phase. Consider two dipole antennas placed in a line end-to-end, or collinear. If the resulting array is pointed directly at the source signal, both dipoles will see the same instantaneous signal, and thus their reception will be in-phase. | Reflective array antenna |
c_ldztxik5xxyd | However, if one were to rotate the antenna so it was at an angle to the signal, the extra path from the signal to the more distant dipole means it receives the signal slightly out of phase. When the two signals are then added up, they no longer strictly reinforce each other, and the output drops. This makes the array m... | Reflective array antenna |
c_e6kze6ddkh2f | This allows the designer to tailor the reception pattern, and thus the gain, by moving the elements about. If the antenna is properly aligned with the signal, at any given instant in time, all of the elements in an array will receive the same signal and be in-phase. However, the output from each element has to be gathe... | Reflective array antenna |
c_16ihww29hpva | In a two-element array this is not a problem because the feed point can be placed between them; any phase shift taking place in the transmission lines is equal for both elements. However, if one extends this to a four-element array, this approach no longer works, as the signal from the outer pair has to travel further ... | Reflective array antenna |
c_gdamkphich8y | In order for the study of computational sociology to be effective, there has to be valuable innovations. These innovation can be of the form of new data analytics tools, better models and algorithms. The advent of such innovation will be a boom for the scientific community in large. | Computational sociology |
c_027gbzu8g4ot | In order for the surfaces to provide efficient axial meshing, the teeth must either be beveled or made with engagement. This avoids misalignment, sticking, and reduces sliding friction in the bearing. For instance, the illustrations present implementations of bearing gears with beveled teeth and rollers on their adjace... | Gear bearing |
c_uwi88p5lzvaz | In order for the translator to interpret the purpose of the translation and employ strategies to act in accordance to the purpose, a translation brief provided by the client is deemed necessary. It states the instruction to execute an assigned action, that is “to translate”. A commission should comprise as much detaile... | Skopos theory |
c_a19t3andhk86 | By stating these information through written or spoken form, the translation brief is made explicit. However, when the client does not explicitly provide the detailed translation commission, probably due to the unfamiliarity with intercultural communication, the translator ought to negotiate and provide directions on w... | Skopos theory |
c_nu784ndpnnce | In order for the whole system to work, one has to postulate that: ∀ m ∈ M , I D ∈ { 0 , 1 } ∗: D e c r y p t ( E x t r a c t ( P , K m , I D ) , P , E n c r y p t ( P , m , I D ) ) = m {\displaystyle \forall m\in {\mathcal {M}},ID\in \left\{0,1\right\}^{*}:\mathrm {Decrypt} \left(\mathrm {Extract} \left({\mathcal {P}},... | Identity-based encryption |
c_qyy5shk37j1m | In order for there to be genetic stability within a marijuana strain the breeder has to go through selection and breeding, pinpointing the dominant and recessive genes within the two strains being crossed. After analyzing offspring with the preferred traits a breeder is looking for, the breeder will select the preferre... | Cannabis strain |
c_5bthpp1owj7s | In order for there to be widespread adoption of OEP, legal and educational policy must change and OEP needs to become sustainable. Funding - Develop a sustainable funding model for OEP that addresses technology and staffing. Various funding models being explored and examples:Endowment model, e.g. the Stanford Encyclope... | Open educational practices |
c_7ngfswcs1bst | Donations model, e.g. Wikipedia and Apache Foundation. Even though Apache has modified it so that there are fees for some services. Conversion model, e.g. Redhat, Ubuntu, SuSe. | Open educational practices |
c_yrngls92dviv | They convert free subscribers to paying customers for advanced features and support. Contributor pay model, e.g. Public Library of Science (PLoS) where contributors pay for the cost of maintaining the contribution. Sponsorship model, e.g. MIT iCampus Outreach Initiative, which is sponsored by Microsoft & China Open Res... | Open educational practices |
c_5i47rqpjm051 | They are free for users with commercial messages by sponsors. Institutional model, e.g. MIT OpenCourseWare Project. | Open educational practices |
c_0zosvht2ia6e | Government model including UN programmes, e.g. Canada's SchoolNet Project. Partnership and exchange, e.g. Universities working together to create OER systems.Law & policy - In terms of law, there should be an open access mandate for partially or fully publicly funded research. Also teachers and researchers should be be... | Open educational practices |
c_xyedcx3kfsap | Researchers and teachers who use public funding should sign non-exclusive copyrights so their institutions make their work available under appropriate licenses. Open advocates should demand public-private partnerships. Build stakeholders Quality assessment Pedagogy - Help teachers change to facilitate use of OEP to emp... | Open educational practices |
c_ym2s2p4sab58 | In order for thought suppression and its effectiveness to be studied, researchers have had to find methods of recording the processes going on in the mind. One experiment designed with this purpose was performed by Wegner, Schneider, Carter & White. They asked participants to avoid thinking of a specific target (e.g. a... | Thought suppression |
c_afu8gbwappas | There was evidence that unwanted thoughts occurred more frequently in those who used thought suppression compared to those who were not. Furthermore, there was also evidence that during the second stage, those who had used thought suppression had a higher frequency of target thoughts than did those who hadn't used thou... | Thought suppression |
c_etdnfyrl6nft | In order for toxic substances like heavy metals to cause effects in organisms, they must be bioavailable. For organisms residing in contaminated sediments, the contaminants are most bioavailable when dissolved in the pore water, as opposed to being precipitated as a solid or sorbed to a sediment particle. Metals in the... | Simultaneously extracted metals and acid-volatile sulfide |
c_8dpy56bn6p92 | In order for trade to be able to expand during this early time period, it required some basic functions of the market as well as the merchants. The first was security. Goods that were being transported began to have more value and the merchants needed to protect their coveted goods especially since they were often trav... | Archaic globalization |
c_jx4mi3bqivke | To overcome this problem merchants began to travel in caravans as a way to ensure their personal safety as well as the safety of their goods. The second prerequisite to early long distant trade had to be an agreement on a rate of exchange. Since many of the merchants came from distant lands with different monetary syst... | Archaic globalization |
c_s93aaaly5lga | In order for translation to take place, abundant sources of energy, particularly in the form of ATP, need to be present. If these levels of ATP are not present, due to its hydrolysis into other forms like AMP, and the ratio of AMP to ATP molecules gets too high, AMPK will become activated. AMPK will go on to inhibit en... | Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 |
c_fxbz8dzk04oc | This inactivates mTORC1 and blocks protein synthesis through this pathway.AMPK can also phosphorylate Raptor on two serine residues. This phosphorylated Raptor recruits 14-3-3 to bind to it and prevents Raptor from being part of the mTORC1 complex. Since mTORC1 cannot recruit its substrates without Raptor, no protein s... | Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 |
c_i2pqva3pnf1e | In order for transmission to occur, there must be close contact with a carrier or amongst carriers. The likelihood of this increases during colder, dryer months of the year. The probability of transmission is shown to proliferate in coordination with other upper respiratory tract (URT) infections. Animal models have al... | Pneumococcal pneumonia |
c_ubfujmj0s8a8 | A 2010 study examining co-infection of influenza in co-housed ferret pairs found that the influenza increased both incidence and severity of pneumococcal infection. These findings exhibited pneumococcal strain dependence. A separate 2010 study examining intra-litter transmission, with influenza co-infection in infant m... | Pneumococcal pneumonia |
c_g3vn6f4gvktj | A third study of note, from 2016, was able to examine pneumococcal transmission without co-infection of an URT infection. This study utilized intra-litter transmission in infant mice during bacterial mono-infection with pneumococcus. The results of this study indicated higher rates of shedding for infections in younger... | Pneumococcal pneumonia |
c_8mgkrk3on9xn | These studies, along with the animal models that they utilize have enhanced our understanding of the transmission of pneumococcus. Inflammation induced by Influenza A Virus (IAV) stimulates the flow of mucus through the expression of glycoproteins, prompts secretion, and increases shedding. Streptococcus is found in th... | Pneumococcal pneumonia |
c_lrb3s71wd6s7 | Levels of shedding have correlations with IAV induced URT inflammation. Pro-inflammatory effects are exhibited by the single pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin (Ply); use of anti-Ply antibodies result in decreased inflammation. Studies have found transmissible levels of bacterium only in young mice, exhibiting that sheddi... | Pneumococcal pneumonia |
c_be2p2hv9j434 | Shedding is shown to decrease in the presence of agglutinating antibodies such as IgG and IgA1 unless cleavage occurs via an IgA1-specific pneumococcal protease. Transmission via the secretions of carriers can result from direct interpersonal contact or contact with a contaminated surface. | Pneumococcal pneumonia |
c_2i27ciye7tu9 | Bacteria on contaminated surfaces can be easily cultured. In conditions with sufficient nutrients, pneumococci can survive for 24 hours and avoid desiccation for multiple days. | Pneumococcal pneumonia |
c_i3pjkhd9i82y | Reduced transmission has been observed amongst children with Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) immunization as acquisition of a new strain of S. pneumoniae is inhibited by pre-existing colonization. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunization with high antibody concentration can also inhibit acquisition. These antibodies re... | Pneumococcal pneumonia |
c_k6hv2z1ffpik | For successful acquisition in a new host, pneumococcus must successfully adhere to the mucous membrane of the new host's nasopharynx. Pneumococcus is able to evade detection by the mucous membrane when there is a higher proportion of negatively charged capsules. This clearance is mediated by Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) wh... | Pneumococcal pneumonia |
c_99d2mdctj6yx | In order for two flows to be similar, they must have the same geometry and equal Reynolds and Euler numbers. When comparing fluid behavior at corresponding points in a model and a full-scale flow, the following holds: R e m = R e , E u m = E u , {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {Re} _{\text{m}}&=\mathrm {Re} ,\\\... | Reynolds Number |
c_2ufxsh6qn8rx | This allows engineers to perform experiments with reduced scale models in water channels or wind tunnels and correlate the data to the actual flows, saving on costs during experimentation and on lab time. Note that true dynamic similitude may require matching other dimensionless numbers as well, such as the Mach number... | Reynolds Number |
c_3m7ssn13fl11 | For experimental flow modeling to be useful, it requires a fair amount of experience and judgment of the engineer. An example where the mere Reynolds number is not sufficient for the similarity of flows (or even the flow regime – laminar or turbulent) are bounded flows, i.e. flows that are restricted by walls or other ... | Reynolds Number |
c_m87oq010dozn | In order for various manufacturers to be able to develop components that function compatibly in fiber optic communication systems, a number of standards have been developed. The International Telecommunication Union publishes several standards related to the characteristics and performance of fibers themselves, includi... | Fiber-optic communication |
c_dc3vcnqrltdu | In order for viral genomic replication to occur, CC31 needs to enter the host, Escherichia coli. Due to the lack of an outer envelope, the virion must find an alternate way to enter its host. It does this by penetrating the membrane of the bacterium with its tail region. First, the long tail fibers ejecting from the to... | Escherichia virus CC31 |
c_g2b7e8gxha71 | The small tail fibers underneath base plate then attach to the membrane, initiating a conformational change of the base plate to a six-point star from the previous hexagon conformation. This forces the sheath to undergo a conformational change to contract and effectively stretching the membrane. While this is occurring... | Escherichia virus CC31 |
c_181w6eih3yne | In order for virtual memory compression to provide measurable performance improvements, the throughput of the virtual memory system must be improved when compared to the uncompressed equivalent. Thus, the additional amount of processing introduced by the compression must not increase the overall latency. However, in I/... | RAM compression |
c_jv0qmw3tr6q6 | In order for wind speeds to be comparable from location to location, the effect of the terrain needs to be considered, especially in regard to height. Other considerations are the presence of trees, and both natural canyons and artificial canyons (urban buildings). The standard anemometer height in open rural terrain i... | Wind meter |
c_2muxntb7ikaq | In order not to be considered "open", an e-mail relay should be secure and configured to accept and forward only the following messages (details will vary from system to system — in particular, further restrictions may well apply): Messages from local IP addresses to local mailboxes Messages from local IP addresses to ... | Open mail relay |
c_sv41ifz71lza | In these cases, security patches need to be applied to close the relay. Internet initiatives to close open relays have ultimately missed their intended purpose, because spammers have created distributed botnets of zombie computers that contain malware with mail relaying capability. The number of clients under spammers'... | Open mail relay |
c_1pl4rw3ycvka | In order of blood flow, the pulmonary arteries start as the pulmonary trunk that leaves the fibrous pericardium (parietal pericardium) of the ventricular outflow tract of right ventricle (also known as infundibulum or conus arteriosus. The outflow track runs superiorly and to the left, posterior to the pulmonary valve.... | Pulmonary arteries |
c_ix18b0bnoni7 | The left main pulmonary artery is shorter than the right, passes behind and downwards the descending aorta and above the left main bronchus to the root of the left lung. Above, the left main pulmonary artery is connected to the concavity of the proximal descending aorta by the ligamentum arteriosum. The right pulmonary... | Pulmonary arteries |
c_b7ydc8rdk3x2 | In order of decreasing economic efficiency, the common processes for recovery of the solubilized gold from solution are (certain processes may be precluded from use by technical factors): Carbon in pulp Electrowinning Merrill–Crowe process | Cyanide process |
c_fgxnren3rbgn | In order of degree of severity, injury to a nerve in the peripheral nervous system can be described as neurapraxia, axonotmesis, or neurotmesis. Concussion is considered a mild form of diffuse axonal injury. Axonal injury can also cause central chromatolysis. | Axonal projection |
c_4wk1bw5fpv69 | The dysfunction of axons in the nervous system is one of the major causes of many inherited and acquired neurological disorders that affect both peripheral and central neurons.When an axon is crushed, an active process of axonal degeneration takes place at the part of the axon furthest from the cell body. This degenera... | Axonal projection |
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