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Donating can be seen as an act that "bonds" reporters and their readers. This is because readers are expressing interest for their work, which can be "personally motivating" or "gratifying" for reporters.Spot.us, which was closed in February 2015, was a crowdfunding platform that was specifically meant for journalism. ...
Crowdfunding
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While funders are not normally involved in editorial control, Spot.us allowed for donors or "community members" to become involved with the co-creation of a story. This gave them the ability to edit articles, submit photographs, or share leads and information. According to an analysis by Public Insight Network, Spot.us...
Crowdfunding
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Many contributors were not returning donors and often, projects were funded by family and friends. The overall market for crowdfunding journalism may also be a factor; donations for journalism projects accounted for .13 percent of the $2.8 billion that was raised in 2013.Larger crowdfunding platforms such as Indiegogo ...
Crowdfunding
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In 2017, 2.3 million out of Kickstarter's 7.9 million users had donated toward more than one project.Traditionally, journalists are not involved in advertising and marketing. Crowdfunding means that journalists are attracting funders while trying to remain independent, which may pose a conflict. Therefore, being direct...
Crowdfunding
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This is also due to the fact that journalists may feel some pressure or "a sense of responsibility" toward funders who support a particular project. Crowdfunding can also allow for a blurred line between professional and non-professional journalism because if enough interest is generated, anyone may have their work pub...
Crowdfunding
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In order to further accelerate the adoption of laser displays, the China Ministry of Science and Technology has prioritized the "engineering and development of next-generation laser display technology" as one of the eight major industrial development directions. As related technical problems are gradually resolved, the...
Laser TV
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Eye blinking frequency and the subjective perception score were compared and analyzed between the displays. The results found that watching the LCD TV for an extended period of time produced certain symptoms such as eye swelling, eye pain, photophobia, dry eyes, and blurred vision, while watching the laser TV, there wa...
Laser TV
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The white paper published the eye-care evaluation data of laser TVs and traditional LCD TVs by ophthalmology experts of China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute's CESI Laboratory and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and made scientific suggestions on how to protect the visual health of adolescents. ...
Laser TV
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In order to further classify the extent of dysgeusia and clinically measure the sense of taste, gustatory testing may be performed. Gustatory testing is performed either as a whole-mouth procedure or as a regional test. In both techniques, natural or electrical stimuli can be used.
Taste disorder
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In regional testing, 20 to 50 µL of liquid stimulus is presented to the anterior and posterior tongue using a pipette, soaked filter-paper disks, or cotton swabs. In whole mouth testing, small quantities (2-10 mL) of solution are administered, and the patient is asked to swish the solution around in the mouth.Threshold...
Taste disorder
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In this test, three drops of liquid are presented to the subject. One of the drops is of the taste stimulus, and the other two drops are pure water. Threshold is defined as the concentration at which the patient identifies the taste correctly three times in a row.Suprathreshold tests, which provide intensities of taste...
Taste disorder
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From these tests, ratings of pleasantness can be obtained using either the direct scaling or magnitude matching method and may be of value in the diagnosis of dysgeusia. Direct scaling tests show the ability to discriminate among different intensities of stimuli and whether a stimulus of one quality (sweet) is stronger...
Taste disorder
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In this case, magnitude matching is used, in which a patient is asked to rate the intensities of taste stimuli and stimuli of another sensory system, such as the loudness of a tone, on a similar scale. For example, the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center asks patients to rate the intensities of NaCl, sucr...
Taste disorder
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In addition to techniques based on the administration of chemicals to the tongue, electrogustometry is frequently used. It is based on the induction of gustatory sensations by means of an anodal electrical direct current. Patients usually report sour or metallic sensations similar to those associated with touching both...
Taste disorder
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In order to further eliminate irrelevant links and search results, DeepPeep uses the HIerarchical Form Identification (HIFI) framework that classifies links and search results based on the website's structure and content. Unlike other forms of classification which solely relies on the web form labels for organization, ...
DeepPeep
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In order to further expand storage capacity, some trucks, typically called stinger units, are equipped with an "overhead" — an extra storage space mounted above the truck cabin which is accessible via the top ramp of a car carrier trailer. Up to 3 vehicles can be loaded on the truck: one on the roof, and two over the 5...
Car carrier trailer
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In order to further improve the fit of the GT 102 in the Panther, the GT 102 Ausf. 2 design modified several sections of the original gas generator layout to shorten the compressor area and combustion chamber. These were somewhat longer in the GT 102 than they would have been in a comparable aircraft engine in order to...
BMW GT 101
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The Ausf. 2 returned these to their original dimensions, and instead re-introduced the rotating fuel injectors from the original pre-GT 101 designs. The compressor was further reduced in length by reducing it from nine to seven stages, but retained the original compression ratio by operating the first stage close to Ma...
BMW GT 101
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In order to further improve the precision, a new timing system was developed. In particular, a "Resistive Wall Current Monitor" (RWCM) measuring the time distribution of the proton beam, CS atomic clocks, dual frequency GPS receivers, and auxiliary detectors to measure detector latencies have been installed. For the an...
Measurements of neutrino speed
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The result: δ t = − 2.4 ± 0.1 ( s t a t . ) ± 2.6 ( s y s . ) {\displaystyle \delta t=-2.4\pm 0.1\ (\mathrm {stat.} )\pm 2.6\ (\mathrm {sys.} )} nanoseconds,and v − c c = ( 1.0 ± 1.1 ) × 10 − 6 {\displaystyle {\frac {v-c}{c}}=(1.0\pm 1.1)\times 10^{-6}} .This was confirmed in the final publication in 2015.
Measurements of neutrino speed
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In order to further investigate and understand the impact of workplace bullying on the nursing work environment, an inventory was developed to address specific workplace bullying constructs within the nursing context.
Nurse abuse
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In order to further investigate the standard discrete SSIM from a theoretical perspective, the continuous SSIM (cSSIM) has been introduced and studied in the context of Radial basis function interpolation.
Structural similarity
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In order to gain a better understanding about the variability, numerical sea ice models are used to perform sensitivity studies. The two main ingredients are the ice dynamics and the thermodynamical properties (see Sea ice emissivity modelling, Sea ice growth processes and Sea ice thickness). There are a number of sea ...
Sea ice
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Examples include: The Louvain-la-Neuve Sea Ice Model is a numerical model of sea ice designed for climate studies and operational oceanography developed at Université catholique de Louvain. It is coupled to the ocean general circulation model OPA (Ocean Parallélisé) and is freely available as a part of the Nucleus for ...
Sea ice
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The code is freely available there. The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research develops the Community Sea Ice Model.
Sea ice
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CICE is run by the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The project is open source and designed as a component of GCM, although it provides a standalone mode. The Finite-Element Sea-Ice Ocean Model developed at Alfred Wegener Institute uses an unstructured grid.
Sea ice
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The neXt Generation Sea-Ice model (neXtSIM) is a Lagrangian model using an adaptive and unstructured triangular mesh and includes a new and unique class of rheological model called Maxwell-Elasto-Brittle to treat the ice dynamics. This model is developed at the Nansen Center in Bergen, Norway.The Coupled Model Intercom...
Sea ice
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In order to gain access to GSM services, a user needs three things: A billing relationship with a mobile phone operator. This is usually either where services are paid for in advance of them being consumed (prepaid), or where bills are issued and settled after the service has been consumed (postpaid). A mobile phone th...
GSM services
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Most phone companies sell phones from third-party manufacturers. A subscriber identity module (SIM card), which is activated by the operator once the billing relationship is established. After activation the card is then programmed with the subscriber's Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network Number (MSIS...
GSM services
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Personal information such as contact numbers of friends and family can also be stored on the SIM by the subscriber.After subscribers sign up, information about their identity (telephone number) and what services they are allowed to access are stored in a "SIM record" in the Home Location Register (HLR). Once the SIM ca...
GSM services
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The phone then identifies itself to the network through the control channel. Once this is successfully completed, the phone is said to be attached to the network. The key feature of a mobile phone is the ability to receive and make calls in any area where coverage is available.
GSM services
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This is generally called roaming from a customer perspective, but also called visiting when describing the underlying technical process. Each geographic area has a database called the Visitor Location Register (VLR), which contains details of all the mobiles currently in that area. Whenever a phone attaches, or visits,...
GSM services
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The current cellular location of the phone (i.e., which BTS it is at) is entered into the VLR record and will be used during a process called paging when the GSM network wishes to locate the mobile phone. Every SIM card contains a secret key, called the Ki, which is used to provide authentication and encryption service...
GSM services
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The network does this by utilising the Authentication Center and is accomplished without transmitting the key directly. Every GSM phone contains a unique identifier (different from the phone number), called the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI). This can be found by dialing *#06#. When a phone contacts the...
GSM services
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In order to gain access to the software, the Scientologists must first sign a contract. Section 7 of this contract states that the members must agree to "use the specific Internet Filter Program that CSI has provided to you which allows you freedom to view other sites on Dianetics, Scientology or its principals without...
Scieno Sitter
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Other keywords on notable topics which are blocked by the program include the names of several notable critics of Scientology, including Robert Vaughn Young and Keith Henson, as well as several hundred other frequent participants in the alt.religion.scientology newsgroup, together with terms like suppressive person, an...
Scieno Sitter
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Once these keywords are mentioned or certain individuals identified as undesirable enter the chat room, the user will be kicked off the discussion. When Tory Christman worked as an operative for OSA, other OSA operatives removed the program from her computer to allow her to analyze what critical material was being spre...
Scieno Sitter
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In order to gain an explicit and formal understanding of surgery, the field of analyses and modelling of surgical procedures has recently emerged. The challenge is to support the surgeon and the surgical procedure through the understanding of Operating Room (OR) activities, with the help of sensor- or human-based syste...
Computer-assisted interventions
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and formalised in Jannin et al., 2001. The term Surgical Process (SP) has been defined as a set of one or more linked procedures or activities that collectively realise a surgical objective within the context of an organisational structure defining functional roles and relationships. This term is generally used to desc...
Computer-assisted interventions
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A Surgical Process Model (SPM) has been defined as a simplified pattern of an SP that reflects a predefined subset of interest of the SP in a formal or semi-formal representation. It relates to the performance of an SP with support from a workflow management system. Surgical process models are described from observer b...
Computer-assisted interventions
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In order to gain enough electrons to fill their valence shells (see also octet rule), many atoms will form covalent bonds with other atoms. In the simplest case, that of a single bond, two atoms each contribute one unpaired electron, and the resulting pair of electrons is shared between them. Atoms that possess too few...
Dangling bond
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A dangling bond in (bulk) crystalline silicon is often pictured as a single unbound hybrid sp3 orbital on the silicon atom, with the other three sp3 orbitals facing away from the unbound orbital. In reality, the dangling bond unbound orbital is better described by having more than half of the dangling bond wave functio...
Dangling bond
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In order to gain insight into why animals evolve swarming behaviour, scientists have turned to evolutionary models that simulate populations of evolving animals. Typically these studies use a genetic algorithm to simulate evolution over many generations in the model. These studies have investigated a number of hypothes...
School of fish
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In order to gain insight into why animals evolve swarming behaviours, scientists have turned to evolutionary models that simulate populations of evolving animals. Typically these studies use a genetic algorithm to simulate evolution over many generations. These studies have investigated a number of hypotheses attemptin...
Insect swarm
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In order to gain more control over their operations, mining companies may implement mining automation software or processes. Reports generated by mine automation software allow administrators to identify productivity bottlenecks, increase accountability, and better understand return on investment.
Automated mining
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In order to gain the attention of the crowd, the crier would yell, "Hear ye" – "Oyez". In medieval England, town criers were the chief means of news communication with the townspeople, since many were illiterate in a period before the moveable type was invented. Royal proclamations, local bylaws, market days, adverts, ...
Town crier
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when he gythe or aneything that is lost ...jd . for every bote lode with powder mellwylle ...one fyshe, for every boute lode with fresh fyshe that he goeth for ...jd ."
Town crier
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In 1620, there was a fight at the Chester cross between the butchers and the bakers where the "Cryer brake his Mace in peeces Amonge them". In 1607, one public notice read by George Tunnall, the bellman, forbade tipping rubbish in the river. In 1715, a local man recorded that the: "Belman at the Cross … Reads publicly ...
Town crier
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Salmon fishing season was also closed by the bellman.The term "Posting A Notice" comes from the act of the town crier, who having read his message to the townspeople, would attach it to the door post of the local inn. Some newspapers took the name "The Post" for this reason. Town criers were protected by law, as they s...
Town crier
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Anything done by the town crier was done in the name of the ruling monarch and harming a town crier was considered to be treason. The phrase "don't shoot the messenger" was a real command.There are two organisations representing town criers including the Ancient and Honourable Guild of Town Criers and Loyal Company of ...
Town crier
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In order to gain useful knowledge about the immunome and its characteristics, the cells and components of the immune system must be phenotyped in a quick and pragmatic manner. There are hundreds of known cell types within the immune system and the possibility of detecting and characterizing them without the use of rece...
Immunome
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However, high-dimensional immunophenotyping is now a possibility. The types of high-dimensional immunophenotyping can be broadly grouped into two categories: the use of isotopes of lanthanide and the use of fluorophores. These advanced technologies allow for up to 100 parameters to be measured at one time.
Immunome
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In order to gauge the continued relevance of Douglass's laugh track, a study was published in 1974 in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology that concluded people were still more likely to laugh at jokes that were followed by canned laughter. That Girl co-creator Sam Denoff commented in 1978 that "laughter is...
Laugh track
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Denoff added "in a movie theatre, you don't need a laugh track, but at home, watching TV, you're probably alone or with just a few others. "Dartmouth College psychology professor Bill Kelley gauged the necessity of the laugh track, particularly on U.S. sitcoms.
Laugh track
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He stated "we're much more likely to laugh at something funny in the presence of other people." Kelley's research compared students' reactions to an episode of Seinfeld, which utilizes a laugh track, to those watching The Simpsons, which does not. Brain scans suggested that viewers found the same things funny and the s...
Laugh track
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Despite this, Kelley still found value in the laugh track. "When done well," Kelley commented, "they can give people pointers about what's funny and help them along. But when done poorly, you notice a laugh track and it seems unnatural and out of place."
Laugh track
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In order to gauge the toughening effects of a dispersed secondary phase, it is important to understand the relevant characteristics of the continuous polymer phase. The mechanical failure characteristics of the pure polymeric continuous phase will strongly influence how rubber toughened polymer failure occurs. When a p...
Rubber toughening
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When it fails by shear yielding, the rubber particles will initiate shear bands. It is also possible to having multiple mechanisms come into play if the polymer is prone to failing by multiple stresses equally. Polystyrene and styrene-acrylonitrile are brittle materials that are prone to craze failure while polycarbona...
Rubber toughening
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In order to generalise interaction with hardware devices WebUSB supports a number of interfaces than abstract away the specific hardware functionality.
WebUSB
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In order to generalize Loewy's result to linear PDEs it is necessary to apply the more general setting of differential algebra. Therefore, a few basic concepts that are required for this purpose are given next. A field F {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}} is called a differential field if it is equipped with a derivation o...
Loewy decomposition
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A field with a single derivation operator is called an ordinary differential field; if there is a finite set containing several commuting derivation operators the field is called a partial differential field. Here differential operators with derivatives ∂ x = ∂ ∂ x {\textstyle \partial _{x}={\frac {\partial }{\partial ...
Loewy decomposition
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The coefficient field is called the base field. If constructive and algorithmic methods are the main issue it is Q ( x , y ) {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} (x,y)} . The respective ring of differential operators is denoted by D = Q ( x , y ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}=\mathbb {Q} (x,y)} or D = F {\displaystyle {\mathca...
Loewy decomposition
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The ring D {\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}} is non-commutative, ∂ x a = a ∂ x + ∂ a ∂ x {\textstyle \partial _{x}a=a\partial _{x}+{\frac {\partial a}{\partial x}}} and similarly for the other variables; a {\displaystyle a} is from the base field. For an operator L = ∑ i + j ≤ n r i , j ( x , y ) ∂ x i ∂ y j {\textstyle L...
Loewy decomposition
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Then one writes I = ⟨ l 1 , … , l p ⟩ {\displaystyle I=\langle l_{1},\ldots ,l_{p}\rangle } . Because right ideals are not considered here, sometimes I {\displaystyle I} is simply called an ideal. The relation between left ideals in D {\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}} and systems of linear PDEs is established as follows.
Loewy decomposition
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The elements l i ∈ D {\displaystyle l_{i}\in {\mathcal {D}}} are applied to a single differential indeterminate z {\displaystyle z} . In this way the ideal I = ⟨ l 1 , l 2 , … ⟩ {\displaystyle I=\langle l_{1},l_{2},\ldots \rangle } corresponds to the system of PDEs l 1 z = 0 {\displaystyle l_{1}z=0} , l 2 z = 0 , … {\d...
Loewy decomposition
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Therefore, M. Janet introduced a normal form for systems of linear PDEs (see Janet basis). They are the differential analog to Gröbner bases of commutative algebra (which were originally introduced by Bruno Buchberger); therefore they are also sometimes called differential Gröbner basis.
Loewy decomposition
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In order to generate a Janet basis, a ranking of derivatives must be defined. It is a total ordering such that for any derivatives δ {\displaystyle \delta } , δ 1 {\displaystyle \delta _{1}} and δ 2 {\displaystyle \delta _{2}} , and any derivation operator θ {\displaystyle \theta } the relations δ ⪯ θ δ {\displaystyle ...
Loewy decomposition
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For partial derivatives of a single function their definition is analogous to the monomial orderings in commutative algebra. The S-pairs in commutative algebra correspond to the integrability conditions.
Loewy decomposition
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If it is assured that the generators l 1 , … , l p {\displaystyle l_{1},\ldots ,l_{p}} of an ideal I {\displaystyle I} form a Janet basis the notation I = ⟨ ⟨ l 1 , … , l p ⟩ ⟩ {\displaystyle I={{\big \langle }{\big \langle }}l_{1},\ldots ,l_{p}{{\big \rangle }{\big \rangle }}} is applied. Example 3 Consider the ideal ...
Loewy decomposition
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If the integrability condition is reduced with respect to I {\displaystyle I} , the new generator ∂ y {\displaystyle \partial _{y}} is obtained. Adding it to the generators and performing all possible reductions, the given ideal is represented as I = ⟨ ⟨ ∂ x x − 1 x ∂ x , ∂ y ⟩ ⟩ {\textstyle I=\left\langle \left\langle...
Loewy decomposition
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Given any ideal I {\displaystyle I} it may occur that it is properly contained in some larger ideal J {\displaystyle J} with coefficients in the base field of I {\displaystyle I} ; then J {\displaystyle J} is called a divisor of I {\displaystyle I} . In general, a divisor in a ring of partial differential operators nee...
Loewy decomposition
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If they have the representation I ≡ ⟨ f 1 , … , f p ⟩ {\displaystyle I\equiv \langle f_{1},\ldots ,f_{p}\rangle } and J ≡ ⟨ g 1 , … , g q ⟩ , {\displaystyle J\equiv \langle g_{1},\ldots ,g_{q}\rangle ,} f i {\displaystyle f_{i}} , g j ∈ D {\displaystyle g_{j}\in {\mathcal {D}}} for all i {\displaystyle i} and j {\displ...
Loewy decomposition
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The solution space of Lclm ⁡ ( I , J ) z = 0 {\displaystyle \operatorname {Lclm} (I,J)z=0} is the smallest space containing the solution spaces of its arguments. A special kind of divisor is the so-called Laplace divisor of a given operator L {\displaystyle L} , page 34. It is defined as follows.
Loewy decomposition
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Definition Let L {\displaystyle L} be a partial differential operator in the plane; define and be ordinary differential operators with respect to x {\displaystyle x} or y {\displaystyle y} ; a i , b i ∈ Q ( x , y ) {\displaystyle a_{i},b_{i}\in \mathbb {Q} (x,y)} for all i; m {\displaystyle m} and n {\displaystyle n} a...
Loewy decomposition
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Similarly, if b j {\displaystyle b_{j}} , j = 0 , … , n − 1 {\displaystyle j=0,\ldots ,n-1} are such that L {\displaystyle L} and k n {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {k}}_{n}} form a Janet basis and n {\displaystyle n} is minimal, then L y n ( L ) ≡ ⟨ ⟨ L , k n ⟩ ⟩ {\displaystyle \mathbb {L} _{y^{n}}(L)\equiv {\langle \langl...
Loewy decomposition
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In order to generalize Sundman's result for the case n > 3 (or n = 3 and c = 0) one has to face two obstacles: As has been shown by Siegel, collisions which involve more than two bodies cannot be regularized analytically, hence Sundman's regularization cannot be generalized. The structure of singularities is more compl...
N-Body Problem
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In order to generate a molecular tool to discriminate between Interleukin-6 classic signaling and Interleukin-6 trans-signaling, a cDNA coding for human Interleukin-6 and a cDNA coding for the human soluble Interleukin-6 receptor were connected by a cDNA coding for a 13 amino acids long linker, which was long enough to...
Hyper-IL-6
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In order to generate a nearly equally spaced polygon on the implicit curve one chooses a step length s {\displaystyle s} and (T1) chooses a suitable starting point in the vicinity of the curve (T2) determines a first curve point P 1 {\displaystyle P_{1}} using program C P o i n t {\displaystyle {\mathsf {CPoint}}} (T3)...
Implicit curve
c_3y6q22y3czsd
In order to generate a single constraint from a pair of constraints applied to the same (pair of) variable, we formalize the notion of intersection of constraints and of order over constraints. Similarly, in order to define a new constraints from existing constraints, a notion of sum of constraint must also be defined.
Zone (convex polytope)
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In order to generate language-specific characters and accent marks, the Lomak can be user-configured to emulate keyboards used in several countries. The keys on keyboards for international users have icon graphics in place of text. The international characters are selected by a shift procedure. The Lomak currently can ...
LOMAK
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In order to generate profiles of offenders, members of the BAU use a concept known as psychological profiling. Belief in psychological profiling has often been supported by anecdotal evidence describing BAU profiles as a necessary key to solving a crime. A homeless man in North Carolina, for example, was apprehended af...
Behavioral Analysis Unit
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Although anecdotal evidence such as this abounds in popular media, the concept of psychological profiling has not been empirically proven.In a number of studies, professional criminal profilers have been compared to other groups such as students, police officers, and clinical psychologists. In order to evaluate these g...
Behavioral Analysis Unit
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In no study did the group of profilers outperform the other groups, and in some studies, they were clearly outperformed by both police officers and chemistry students.Despite these findings, members of the BAU continue to use psychological profiling. Public confidence in psychological profiling is also high and has bee...
Behavioral Analysis Unit
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In order to generate segments ranging from 10-50 bp to more than 1 kb, DNase I is utilized. The ends of the fragments are made blunt by adding T4 DNA polymerase. Blunting the fragments is important for combining the fragments as incompatible sticky-ends, or overhangs, prevent end joining. Hairpins with a specific restr...
DNA shuffling
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Next, T4 DNA ligase is employed to ligate the fragments to form extended sequences. The ligation of the hairpins to the fragments limits the length of the extended sequences by preventing the addition of more fragments. Finally, in order to remove the hairpin loops, a restriction enzyme is utilized.Nonhomologous random...
DNA shuffling
c_0rg89yn86zty
In order to generate the Google matrix G, we must first generate an adjacency matrix A which represents the relations between pages or nodes. Assuming there are N pages, we can fill out A by doing the following: A matrix element A i , j {\displaystyle A_{i,j}} is filled with 1 if node j {\displaystyle j} has a link to ...
Google matrix
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Such a procedure adds a link from every sink, dangling state a {\displaystyle a} to every other node. Now by the construction the sum of all elements in any column of matrix S is equal to unity. In this way the matrix S is mathematically well defined and it belongs to the class of Markov chains and the class of Perron-...
Google matrix
c_65sj1j0vafzw
In order to generate the next sequence, first take the previous pattern, add the next letter from the alphabet, and then repeat the previous pattern. The first few steps are listed here. A generator can be found here ABACABA is a "quickly growing word", often described as chiastic or "symmetrically organized around a c...
ABACABA pattern
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In order to generate transmission zeroes in stopbands for the purpose to improve filter selectivity, a number of supplementary couplings besides the nearest couplings are often made in the filters. They are called cross couplings. These couplings bring to foundation of several wave paths from the input port to the outp...
Cross-coupled filter
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Such the compensation results in transmission zeroes. In filters with cross couplings, it is convenient to characterize all filter couplings as a whole using a coupling matrix M {\displaystyle \mathbf {M} } of dimension n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} ,. It is symmetrical.
Cross-coupled filter
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Every its off-diagonal element M i j {\displaystyle M_{ij}} is the coupling coefficient of ith and jth resonators k i j . {\displaystyle k_{ij}.} Every diagonal element M i i {\displaystyle M_{ii}} is the normalized susceptance of the ith resonator.
Cross-coupled filter
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All diagonal elements M i i {\displaystyle M_{ii}} in a tuned filter are equal to zero because a susceptance vanishes at the resonant frequency. Important merit of the matrix M {\displaystyle \mathbf {M} } is the fact that it allows to directly compute the frequency response of the equivalent network having the inducti...
Cross-coupled filter
c_yaqd9fo5tw92
In order to get 128 bits of security for hash based signatures to sign 1 million messages using the fractal Merkle tree method of Naor Shenhav and Wool the public and private key sizes are roughly 36,000 bits in length.
Quantum-resistant cryptography
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In order to get Tarui's disease, both parents must be carriers of the genetic defect so that the child is born with the full form of the recessive trait. The best indicator of risk is a family member with PFK deficiency.
Phosphofructokinase deficiency
c_xyqtyqm5vux7
In order to get a classical style reciprocity law from the Hilbert reciprocity law Π(a,b)p=1, one needs to know the values of (a,b)p for p dividing n. Explicit formulas for this are sometimes called explicit reciprocity laws.
Reciprocity law
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In order to get a firearm possession license one must have no criminal records, be at least 22 years of age, and obtain certificate of safely handling a firearm. Carry permit requires a good reason. Automatic weapons are prohibited. As of 2014, there are 392,000 registered firearms and 1,961 carry permits issued to civ...
Overview of gun laws by nation
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In order to get a good quality product, removing the inclusion becomes necessary. Liquid metal filtration through a ceramic medium is an efficient way to clean the metal. Different types of ceramic media are used in-line in foundries, such as ceramic foam filters, porous tube filters, bonded ceramic filters, and deep b...
Aluminium alloy inclusions
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In order to get a grasp on the motivations which inspired the development of the idea of coordinative definitions, it is important to understand the doctrine of formalism as it is conceived in the philosophy of mathematics. For the formalists, mathematics, and particularly geometry, is divided into two parts: the pure ...
Coordinative definition
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This part of mathematics is therefore a priori but devoid of any empirical meaning, not synthetic in the sense of Kant. It is only by connecting these primitive terms and theorems with physical objects such as rulers or rays of light that, according to the formalist, pure mathematics becomes applied mathematics and ass...
Coordinative definition
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It was characteristic of logical positivism to consider a scientific theory to be nothing more than a set of sentences, subdivided into the class of theoretical sentences, the class of observational sentences, and the class of mixed sentences. The first class contains terms which refer to theoretical entities, that is ...
Coordinative definition