id stringlengths 14 14 | text stringlengths 9 3.55k | source stringlengths 1 250 |
|---|---|---|
c_e256hnspzgk8 | In order to maintain the structure of the tango tree (auxiliary trees correspond to preferred paths), we must do some updating work whenever preferred children change as a result of searches. When a preferred child changes, the top part of a preferred path becomes detached from the bottom part (which becomes its own pr... | Tango tree |
c_c873hhhzee7o | In order to make Aadhaar accessible to often undocumented poorer citizens, obtaining an Aadhaar card does not require significant documentation, with multiple options available. In theory, the use of biometric facilities should reduce or eliminate duplication. So, in theory, while it may be possible to obtain the card ... | Aadhaar Enabled Payment System |
c_rncpalqgzzta | The Aadhaar card itself is not a secure document (being printed on paper) and according to the agency should not be treated as an identity card though it is often treated as such. However, with currently no practical way to validate the card (e.g. by police at airport entry locations) it is of questionable utility as a... | Aadhaar Enabled Payment System |
c_whw3ovrccvye | There are also two main external concerns – the security of the data at rest on the phone and the security of the data in transit. At all seven points, the customer's data is vulnerable to attack ... The app and validation software are insecure, the Aadhaar system itself is insecure, the network infrastructure is insec... | Aadhaar Enabled Payment System |
c_c553sq1r6y5z | Other agencies have been reported charging ₹ 50 to 200 to produce a PVC version of the card, and it is marketed by them as a smart card, despite having no official validity and no chip.Certain mobile apps claim to verify an Aadhaar card using a QR code scanner. However, the QR code is not a secure representation of an ... | Aadhaar Enabled Payment System |
c_lec202ttxvnw | In order to make Germany independent from the importation of natural rubber, the first industrial plant for the production of artificial rubber was built in Schkopau near Halle (Saale) and named Buna-Werke GmbH Schkopau. It was a subsidiary of Ammoniakwerk Merseburg GmbH, later known as Leunawerke, which belonged to IG... | Buna Werke Schkopau |
c_a16jqudyy4jm | Production of artificial rubber started in 1937. Other products were PVC and basic chemicals such as trichlorethylene, formaldehyde, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid, and acetone. Another factory, Hüls-Werke in Marl started production of Buna rubber in 1939. | Buna Werke Schkopau |
c_epryt71hcirl | In order to make MABEL functional for extended periods of time, the researchers focused on ways to optimize powertrain efficiency. Unlike the RABBIT, MABEL was designed to have all four motors in the midsection instead of the legs. This makes the legs lighter and more agile. Secondly, most of MABEL’s power is stored in... | MABEL (robot) |
c_xwow8my31c50 | MABEL uses a differential so that the spring can be grounded by the torso of the robot instead of directly connected in series with a motor. This allows the compression in the springs to better apply force that pushes up the center of mass. Another innovative aspect of the springs is that they are referred to as “unila... | MABEL (robot) |
c_zlhmczkmrewx | In order to make a basic form of peanut milk, the following is needed: peanuts, water, a blender and a Cheesecloth. The first step includes putting peanuts in a jar big enough to hold them, and then soaking the peanuts in water for at least six hours. Then transfer the soaked peanuts into a blender and blend them until... | Peanut milk |
c_j9s8a2x0izvg | In order to make a decision between those theories, Kaufmann again performed his experiments with higher precision. Kaufmann believed that he had conclusively disproven the formula of Lorentz–Einstein, and had therefore also disproven the principle of relativity. In his view, the only remaining options were between the... | Kaufmann–Bucherer–Neumann experiments |
c_ezmxuayb9fo4 | Shortly after Kaufmann published his results and the conclusions of his analysis, Max Planck decided to re-analyze the data obtained by the experiment. In 1906 and 1907, Planck published his own conclusion on the behavior of the inertial mass of electrons with high speeds. Using just nine data points from Kaufmann's pu... | Kaufmann–Bucherer–Neumann experiments |
c_lxic9d6bqdyw | In order to make a diagnosis of DAD a biopsy of the lung must be obtained, processed, and examined microscopically. As described above, the hallmark of diagnosing DAD is the presence of hyaline membranes. Most frequently DAD is associated with ARDS, but since there are clinical criteria (see Berlin criteria above) upon... | Diffuse alveolar damage |
c_ww4tgm0130qg | In order to make a protein, genetic information in DNA is copied (transcribed) into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus and then exported into the cytoplasm, where it is translated into a protein. Much of Izaurralde's early career focused on elucidating how this export occurs at a molecular level.Later in her career, I... | Elisa Izaurralde |
c_tnajxupvnoi5 | In order to make a surgical planning, one would need a 3D image of the patient. The starting point was made by G. Hounsfield in the 1970s, by using CT in order to record data about the anatomical situation of the patients. In the 1980s, advances were made by the radiologist M. Vannier and his team, by creating the firs... | Surgical planning |
c_38q6kml6tgx1 | During the late 1990s, the first full computer-based virtual surgical planning was made for osteotomies, and then transferred to the operating theatre by a navigation system. Currently 3D Printed models are also used to plan a procedure and improve patient outcomes.The first commercially available neurosurgical plannin... | Surgical planning |
c_5h0m7jsrhm5w | One example of such systems is the Dextroscope, manufactured by Volume Interactions Pte Ltd. The Dextroscope is mostly used in the planning of complex neurosurgical procedures. == References == | Surgical planning |
c_kdsrbiju7x5z | In order to make an accurate comparison and determine if there is a match, the system requires a shape or points measurement to be compared against the information in the database. This process must be discriminating, quick to compute, concise to store, pose-independent and efficient to match. | Biometric points |
c_3yjhevscf5qg | In order to make an implementation of the digital ticket system, a combination of two paradigms can be used. The first is the account-based system, which relies on central storage and network connections. The second is the smartcard-based system, which uses decentralized storage to store and transfer the ticket. | Digital ticket |
c_14puj4o5i5mm | In order to make antihydrogen cold enough to be trapped the ALPHA collaboration has implemented a novel technique, well known from atomic physics, called evaporative cooling. The motivation for this is that one of the main challenges of trapping antihydrogen is to make it cold enough. State-of-the art minimum-B traps l... | ALPHA Collaboration |
c_mdx1479pj2a9 | In order to make any use of unlabeled data, some relationship to the underlying distribution of data must exist. Semi-supervised learning algorithms make use of at least one of the following assumptions: | Semi-supervised learning |
c_ap0ufsl26emh | In order to make artificial sea glass, a tumbler, sand, and glass are necessary.A number of characteristics highlight the differences between artificial sea glass and natural sea glass, starting with the coloration and surface texture of each piece. An example of natural sea glass will usually have a frosty, almost pow... | Sea glass |
c_kfkcv5z7ol87 | In order to make biobanks more visible in Germany, the German biobank register was established, which is operated by the TMF – Technologie- und Methodenplattform für die vernetzte medizinische Forschung and supported by the German Ministry for Education and Research, the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. PAT... | PATH Biobank |
c_um354ryw5l6l | In order to make droplet-based microfluidics a viable technique for carrying out chemical reactions or working with living cells on the microscale, it is necessary to implement methods allowing for droplet incubation. Chemical reactions often need time to occur, and living cells similarly require time to grow, multiply... | Droplet-based microfluidics |
c_if6p4rpokdr1 | In order to make inferences and predictions about behavior concerning voting decision, certain key public influences must be considered. These influences include the role of emotions, political socialization, political sophistication, tolerance of diversity of political views and the media. The effect of these influenc... | Political psychology |
c_dztrxf24wlom | In 2006, scientists reported a relationship between personality and political views of Americans on a left–right spectrum as follows: "Preschool children who 20 years later were relatively liberal were characterized as: developing close relationships, self-reliant, energetic, somewhat dominating, relatively under-contr... | Political psychology |
c_dt0tr41qh5ft | In order to make it possible for several documentation output formats to be updated all at once, upon changing the original Texinfo (.texi) source file, several syntax converters are available that can be used to generate translations of the Texinfo file into other formats. Most of these are created using the makeinfo ... | Texinfo |
c_993pxo5qby9z | The manual notes that the makeinfo program attempts to restrict its output files to a certain subset of HTML markup that can be read by as many browsers as possible. DVI (Generated via texi2dvi.) The device independent file format is output by the TeX typesetting system, and can be used for generating device-specific c... | Texinfo |
c_t5b9bv21xw3n | PDF (Generated via texi2dvi --pdf or texi2pdf.) Based on the PostScript language, this format was developed by Adobe Systems for portable document interchange. Like the PostScript format, it can represent the exact appearance of a document and supports arbitrary scaling. | Texinfo |
c_4bcncdpcdwkk | It is intended to be platform-independent and can be viewed with a large variety of software. Texinfo uses the pdftex program, a variant of TeX, to output PDF. Docbook (Generated via makeinfo --docbook.) | Texinfo |
c_tne8i92mlbgo | This is an XML-based markup language for technical documentation that bears some resemblance to Texinfo, in broad outlines. It is also possible to convert Docbook files to Texinfo, using the docbook2X program. XML (Generated via makeinfo --xml.) | Texinfo |
c_k6mjqi4qcjwd | For general purposes. Info (Generated via makeinfo.) This is a specific format which essentially is a plain text version of the original Texinfo syntax in conjunction with a few control characters to separate nodes and provide navigational elements for menus, cross-references, sections, and so on. The Info format can b... | Texinfo |
c_vo4i6at19fgi | In order to make project management effective, the managers use risk management tools. It is necessary to assume the measures referring to the same risk of the project and accomplishing its objectives.The project risk management (PRM) system should be based on the competences of the employees willing to use them to ach... | Project risk management |
c_flrchz3ucpld | In order to make reliable electrical connections to the steering wheel mounted air bag and other electrical controls there is a device known as a 'clock spring'. Clocksprings generally consist of a flat multicore cable wound in a spiral shape similar to a clock spring, hence the name,. The part gets its name as it rese... | Clockspring |
c_8pz55pgdhvk1 | that connection was made either by allowing the wire to twist / untwist as the steering wheel turned or possibly a commutator and brush arrangement would be used. The advent of air bags necessitated very high reliability connections in addition to the horn, and once there was a clock spring device to make those connect... | Clockspring |
c_xjeyxelvssdq | In order to make sense of the data using classical mechanics, one can consider the existence of three variables per particle that are measured by the detectors and follow the percentages above. Particle that goes into detector A has variables ( a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ) {\displaystyle (a_{1},a_{2},a_{3})} and the particle that... | Mermin's device |
c_gfoeslea3611 | We have 8 possible states: where ( b 1 , b 2 , b 3 ) = ( a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ) {\displaystyle (b_{1},b_{2},b_{3})=(a_{1},a_{2},a_{3})} in order to reproduce the results of table 1 when selecting the same setting for both detectors. For any given configuration, if the detector settings were chosen randomly, when the setting... | Mermin's device |
c_pg8wex8h3xxc | In order to make structure calculations, a number of experimentally determined restraints have to be generated. These fall into different categories; the most widely used are distance restraints and angle restraints. | Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
c_kcr2ih2aa35x | In order to make the Falcon 9 reusable and return to the launch site, extra propellant and landing gear must be carried on the first stage, requiring around a 30 percent reduction of the maximum payload to orbit in comparison with the expendable Falcon 9. Reflight of a previously used stage on a subsequent flight is de... | SpaceX reusable launch system development |
c_9l7oxfvejeie | Michael Belfiore wrote in Foreign Policy in 2013 that, at a published cost of US$56.5 million per launch to low Earth orbit, "Falcon 9 rockets are already the cheapest in the industry. Reusable Falcon 9s could drop the price by an order of magnitude, sparking more space-based enterprise, which in turn would drop the co... | SpaceX reusable launch system development |
c_q7gu3phr8k5h | Space industry analyst Ajay Kothari has noted that SpaceX reusable technology could do for space transport "what jet engines did for air transportation sixty years ago when people never imagined that more than 500 million passengers would travel by airplanes every year and that the cost could be reduced to the level it... | SpaceX reusable launch system development |
c_e1fcgfbdc5tn | Neither ILS, which markets launches of the Russian Proton rocket; Arianespace; nor SeaLaunch were planning on developing and marketing reusable launch vehicle services. SpaceX was the only competitor that projected a sufficiently elastic market on the demand side to justify the costly development of reusable rocket tec... | SpaceX reusable launch system development |
c_7xys36uy39fj | CEO Musk stated in 2014 that success with the technology development effort could reduce "the cost of spaceflight by a factor of 100" because the cost of the propellant/oxidizer on the Falcon 9 is only 0.3 percent of the total cost of the vehicle.Separate from the market competition brought about by SpaceX lower launch... | SpaceX reusable launch system development |
c_ioroewc9xnzr | She said at US$1 million cost of refueling and US$3 million cost of refurbishing a used first stage could potentially allow a launch to be priced as low as US$40 million, a 30% saving. SpaceX's biggest customer SES said it wants to be the first to ride a reused vehicle, though it wants a launch price of US$30 million o... | SpaceX reusable launch system development |
c_gq3b1mc4mqyp | In March 2017, SpaceX announced progress in their experiments to recover, and eventually reuse, the 6-million dollar payload fairing. On the SES-10 mission, one of the fairing halves performed a controlled atmospheric reentry and splashdown using thrusters and a steerable parachute; fairings are eventually slated to la... | SpaceX reusable launch system development |
c_jkvy9c3qdrhw | Both were successful, and both insurers and launch service customers are readily supporting the newly emerging market in launch services provided by multiple-use boosters.In August 2020, Elon Musk tweeted that refurbishment and reuse of a booster is done for less than 10% the price of a new booster while the payload re... | SpaceX reusable launch system development |
c_4bm3xdhh81d0 | In order to make the catalysts, the pre-complex is treated with CuCl and the isopropoxystyrene ligand. The isopropoxystyrene ligand is prepared using an ortho-vinylation of the phenol with ethyne, using conditions first proposed by Masahiko Yamaguchi in 1998. Here, SnCl4 and Bu3N were added to ethyne to generate stanny... | Zhan catalyst |
c_rzfy9ydxe151 | In order to make the discussion of such topics as moult processes or body structure easier, ornithologists assign a number to each flight feather. By convention, the numbers assigned to primary feathers always start with the letter P (P1, P2, P3, etc.), those of secondaries with the letter S, those of tertials with T a... | Flight feather |
c_peydjqfas1hj | In the event that a species is missing the small distal 10th primary, as some passerines are, its lack does not impact the numbering of the remaining primaries. Ascendant numbering, on the other hand, allows for uniformity in the numbering of non-passerine primaries, as they almost invariably have four attached to the ... | Flight feather |
c_leh0n1vgk9t5 | In order to make the equations dimensionless, a characteristic length r 0 {\displaystyle r_{0}} , and a characteristic velocity u 0 {\displaystyle u_{0}} , need to be defined. These should be chosen such that the dimensionless variables are all of order one. The following dimensionless variables are thus obtained: u ∗ ... | Euler Equations (fluid dynamics) |
c_tcw4tr09w0le | In order to make the equations dimensionless, a characteristic length r0 and a characteristic velocity u0 need to be defined. These should be chosen such that the dimensionless variables are all of order one. The following dimensionless variables are thus obtained: Substitution of these inverted relations in the Euler ... | Cauchy momentum equation |
c_6o19zybydg4v | In order to make the equations dimensionless, a characteristic length r0, and a characteristic velocity u0, need to be defined. These should be chosen such that the dimensionless variables are all of order one. The following dimensionless variables are thus obtained: Substitution of these inverse relations in the Euler... | Froude resistance curve |
c_jp73v0cds7mw | In order to make the game more accessible to children, Sierra used an innovative idea that would not reappear in the genre for the next 10 years: the text parser was removed in favor of the function keys that performed various actions: F3 would choose an inventory item, F4 would use it, F6 would perform "Use" near the ... | The Black Cauldron (video game) |
c_ud41xsbpsz7c | In order to make the secondary tenses of the indicative an augment (usually consisting of the prefix ἐ- (e-)) is added at the beginning of the verb, e.g. κελεύω (keleúō) "I order" but ἐκέλευον (ekéleuon) "I ordered". When the verb begins with a vowel, this augment is realised as a lengthening and often change of qualit... | Ancient Greek grammar |
c_lu45srlagv8f | To make the perfect and pluperfect tenses, the first consonant of the verb's root is usually repeated with the vowel ε (e), for example: γράφω, γέγραφα (gégrapha) "I write, I have written", λῡ́ω, λέλυκα (lū́ō, léluka) "I free, I have freed", διδάσκω, δεδίδαχα (didáskō, dedídakha) "I teach, I have taught" (all present, ... | Ancient Greek grammar |
c_vb3oo6gsw63m | In order to manage crisis and repay debt East Asian countries asked International Monetary Fund and World Bank for economic aid. | State-sponsored capitalism |
c_m5oeauqhuxuo | In order to manage that user certificates existing in PKI 2 (like "User 2") are trusted by PKI 1, CA1 generates a certificate (cert2.1) containing the public key of CA2. Now both "cert2 and cert2.1 (in green) have the same subject and public key, so there are two valid chains for cert2.2 (User 2): "cert2.2 → cert2" and... | X.509 certificate |
c_a16d2eqy78zp | In order to map a body's gravitational influence, it is useful to think about what physicists call probe or test particles: particles that are influenced by gravity, but are so small and light that we can neglect their own gravitational effect. In the absence of gravity and other external forces, a test particle moves ... | Introduction to general relativity |
c_fe34qxz73306 | Instead, test particles move along lines called geodesics, which are "as straight as possible", that is, they follow the shortest path between starting and ending points, taking the curvature into consideration. A simple analogy is the following: In geodesy, the science of measuring Earth's size and shape, a geodesic i... | Introduction to general relativity |
c_bt0waufjay96 | These paths are certainly not straight, simply because they must follow the curvature of the Earth's surface. But they are as straight as is possible subject to this constraint. The properties of geodesics differ from those of straight lines. | Introduction to general relativity |
c_vp1fcw94su0r | For example, on a plane, parallel lines never meet, but this is not so for geodesics on the surface of the Earth: for example, lines of longitude are parallel at the equator, but intersect at the poles. Analogously, the world lines of test particles in free fall are spacetime geodesics, the straightest possible lines i... | Introduction to general relativity |
c_ulufuuyjsot4 | In special relativity, parallel geodesics remain parallel. In a gravitational field with tidal effects, this will not, in general, be the case. | Introduction to general relativity |
c_yhyp1kk4ctwy | If, for example, two bodies are initially at rest relative to each other, but are then dropped in the Earth's gravitational field, they will move towards each other as they fall towards the Earth's center.Compared with planets and other astronomical bodies, the objects of everyday life (people, cars, houses, even mount... | Introduction to general relativity |
c_yqf6he8fq1r0 | A chair someone is sitting on applies an external upwards force preventing the person from falling freely towards the center of the Earth and thus following a geodesic, which they would otherwise be doing without the chair there, or any other matter in between them and the center point of the Earth. In this way, genera... | Introduction to general relativity |
c_i8z5svyfzprg | In order to market its computers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland where Amstrad did not have any distribution structures, Amstrad entered a partnership with Schneider Rundfunkwerke AG, a German company that - very much like Amstrad itself - was previously only known for value-priced audio products. In 1984, Schneid... | Copy Cursor (CPC) |
c_y9lovfgnwipg | To achieve a German "QWERTZ" keyboard layout, Schneider marketed a small software program to reassign the keys as well as sticker labels for the keys. In order to conform with stricter German EMC regulations, the complete Schneider CPC line-up is equipped with an internal metal shielding. For the same reason, the Schne... | Copy Cursor (CPC) |
c_9za6oh7og8ju | Both the greyscale keyboard and the micro ribbon connectors found their way up into the design of later Amstrad CPC models. In 1988, after Schneider refused to market Amstrad's AT-compatible computer line, the cooperation ended. Schneider went on to sell the remaining stock of Schneider CPC models and used their now we... | Copy Cursor (CPC) |
c_cfqbeorb4wg4 | In order to market its food products, an organisation must first understand whether its product will satisfy the consumer's needs better than competitors do (Noori, 2015). In order to achieve this, an organisation must understand the four types of segmentation. | Food marketing |
c_1z6oaoq7o1xw | In order to match certain signatures, an IDS is required to keep state related to the connections it is monitoring. For example, an IDS must maintain "TCP control blocks" (TCBs), chunks of memory which track information such as sequence numbers, window sizes, and connection states (ESTABLISHED, RELATED, CLOSED, etc.), ... | Intrusion detection system evasion techniques |
c_n8qnpag5i1i1 | In order to maximize efficiency of contractions and cardiac output, the conduction system of the heart has: Substantial atrial to ventricular delay. This will allow the atria to completely empty their contents into the ventricles; simultaneous contraction would cause inefficient filling and backflow. The atria are elec... | Conduction system of the heart |
c_wzhlenccob5p | The ventricles must maximize systolic pressure to force blood through the circulation, so all the ventricular cells must work together. Ventricular contraction begins at the apex of the heart, progressing upwards to eject blood into the great arteries. Contraction that squeezes blood towards the exit is more efficient ... | Conduction system of the heart |
c_0781ljx3xhnl | Although the ventricular stimulus originates from the AV node in the wall separating the atria and ventricles, the Bundle of His conducts the signal to the apex. Depolarization propagates through cardiac muscle very rapidly. Cells of the ventricles contract nearly simultaneously. | Conduction system of the heart |
c_wt69tekxy8n1 | The action potentials of cardiac muscle are unusually sustained. This prevents premature relaxation, maintaining initial contraction until the entire myocardium has had time to depolarize and contract. Absence of tetany. After contracting, the heart must relax to fill up again. Sustained contraction of the heart withou... | Conduction system of the heart |
c_4vew77ui6sv8 | In order to maximize the battery's capacity, and to prevent localized under-charging or over-charging, the BMS may actively ensure that all the cells that compose the battery are kept at the same voltage or State of Charge, through balancing. The BMS can balance the cells by: Wasting energy from the most charged cells ... | Battery Management System |
c_6oqgcr89a28w | In order to maximize the positive impact of ASM, it must be formalized, responsible and well-governed. The majority of miners worldwide do not have legal title, and oftentimes the regulatory frameworks for national mining policy work to exclude or restrict ASM practices. Mineral rights for ASM are required, including t... | Artisanal mining |
c_jm3o88my7sr8 | In order to maximize the signal/noise ratio of a ring inside a given circle of radius r with n mirrors, a planar ring is advantageous over an equivalent nonplanar ring. Furthermore, a regular polygon has a maximal A/Ln ratio, with A/Ln = r 2 cos ( π / n ) n {\displaystyle {\frac {r}{2}}{\frac {\cos(\pi /n)}{n}}} whic... | Ring laser |
c_wt2nj8nxlohg | In order to measure Cu isotope ratios of various materials, several steps must be taken prior to the isotopic measurement in order to extract and purify copper. The first step in the analytical pipeline to measure Cu isotopes is to liberate Cu from its host material. Liberation should be quantitative, otherwise fractio... | Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry |
c_g3r4v437r745 | Seawater samples must be concentrated due to the low (nM) concentrations of Cu in the ocean. The sample material is subsequently run through an anion-exchange column to isolated and purify Cu. This step can also introduce Cu isotope fractionation if Cu is not quantitatively recovered from the column. | Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry |
c_dohybgn4xmkc | If samples are from seawater, other ions (e.g., Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+) must be removed in order to eliminate isobaric interferences during the isotope measurement. Prior to 1992, 65Cu/63Cu ratios were measured via thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Today, Cu isotopic compositions are measured via multi-conductor in... | Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry |
c_9zuggatavkf6 | In order to measure market orientation, the two most widely used scales are MARKOR and MKTOR The MKTOR scale is a 15-item, 7-point Likert-type scale, with all points specified. In this measure, market orientation is conceptualised as a one-dimensional construct, with three components, namely: customer orientation, comp... | Market orientation |
c_par3p22vy82h | In order to measure neutrino interaction probabilities, MINERvA has needed to precisely understand the flux of incoming neutrinos. Through techniques such as studying the precisely predicted but rare interactions of neutrinos on atomic electrons, improving the simulation of the production of neutrinos in the beamline, ... | MINERνA |
c_kk2auv7tu6ib | In order to measure productivity of a nation or an industry, it is necessary to operationalize the same concept of productivity as in business, yet, the object of modelling is substantially wider and the information more aggregate. The calculations of total productivity of a nation or an industry are based on the time ... | Productivity model |
c_2rchpb648stm | Measurement of productivity is at its most accurate in business because of the availability of all elementary data of the quantities and prices of the inputs and the output in production. The more comprehensive the entity we want to analyse by measurements, the more data need to be aggregated. In productivity measureme... | Productivity model |
c_hb4kxopmhvi5 | In order to measure the amount of solution added in or drained out, the burette must be observed at eye level straight to the bottom of the meniscus. The liquid in the burette should be completely free of bubbles to ensure accurate measurements. The difference in volume can be calculated by taking the difference of the... | Burette |
c_jb3mcpu78g59 | In order to measure the consistency of a region detected on the same object or scene across images under global transformation, repeatability score, which is first proposed by Mikolajczyk and Cordelia Schmid in is calculated as follows:Firstly, overlap error ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon } of a pair of corresponding ellip... | Kadir–Brady saliency detector |
c_7ukltkw105ge | In general we would like a detector to have a high repeatability score and a large number of correspondences. The specific global transformations tested in the test dataset are: Viewpoint change Zoom+rotation Image blur JPEG compression Light changeThe performance of Kadir–Brady saliency detector is inferior to most of... | Kadir–Brady saliency detector |
c_tcdv5wloixrr | In order to measure the efficiency of the virtualization layer - the hypervisor - the suite must run several virtual machines (VMs) simultaneously. Each VM is configured according to a template, three of which are provided with the VMmark software. The templates mimic typical software applications found in corporate da... | VMmark |
c_6uwwdk9dovnx | In order to measure the highest contrast possible, the dark state of the display under test must not be corrupted by light from the surroundings, since even small increments ΔL in the denominator of the ratio (LH + ΔL) / (LL + ΔL) effect a considerable reduction of that quotient. This is the reason why most contrast ra... | Display contrast |
c_5nc0mx1i6cuw | In order to measure the information of a string relative to another there is the need to rely on relative semi-distances (NRC). These are measures that do not need to respect symmetry and triangle inequality distance properties. Although the NCD and the NRC seem very similar, they address different questions. The NCD m... | Normalized Compression Distance |
c_0d6uvysuxfes | In order to measure the pore size by capillary flow porometry it is necessary to impregnate the samples with a wetting liquid. An inert gas flow is used to displace the liquid that is in the pores and the pressure required to empty the most constricted part of the pore is measured. The most constricted part of the pore... | Capillary flow porometry |
c_em5dvb5u0s1z | This measured pressure permits obtaining the pore diameter, which is calculated by using the Young-Laplace formula P= 4*γ*cos θ*/D in which D is the pore size diameter, P is the pressure measured, γ is the surface tension of the wetting liquid and θ is the contact angle of the wetting liquid with the sample. The surfac... | Capillary flow porometry |
c_3a2kue3c65jl | In order to measure the position of, for example, a star, the observer needs a sidereal clock in addition to the mural instrument. With the clock measuring time, a star of interest is observed with the instrument until it crosses an indicator showing that it is transiting the meridian. At this instant, the time on the ... | Mural instrument |
c_3pwxgnzsmkwq | In order to measure the productivity of a nation or an industry, it is necessary to operationalize the same concept of productivity as in a production unit or a company, yet, the object of modelling is substantially wider and the information more aggregate. The calculations of productivity of a nation or an industry ar... | Economic productivity |
c_zryy41nezvyh | A nation's average productivity level can also be affected by the movement of resources from low-productivity to high-productivity industries and activities. Over time, other factors such as research and development and innovative effort, the development of human capital through education, and incentives from stronger ... | Economic productivity |
c_pbrl9at3xd7s | At the national level, productivity growth raises living standards because more real income improves people's ability to purchase goods and services (whether they are necessities or luxuries), enjoy leisure, improve housing and education and contribute to social and environmental programs. Some have suggested that the ... | Economic productivity |
c_g1z43ywtzfsy | In order to measure thermal expansion up to high temperatures, the material to be tested has to be set on a sample holder inside an oven which has its own thermal expansion. In order to achieve a good accuracy it is necessary to measure the expansion of the sample holder and to subtract it from the actual expansion of ... | Optical dilatometer |
c_wd6flte7omva | This is the most accurate way of measuring thermal expansion and it may attain nanometric resolution. This is the type of instrument used by the suppliers of certified standard materials. For example, the National Institute for Standards and Technology uses a Fizeau double-beam interferometer to certify the thermal exp... | Optical dilatometer |
c_e4uscymi9wiu | This method has proved to be very accurate, with a resolution of a fraction of the wavelength of the incident light, but it is limited by the reflectivity of the surface of the specimen. If the specimen is not reflective, or it becomes non reflective during the test, it is then necessary to use a mirror, which is set i... | Optical dilatometer |
c_zd1k7s0oqirw | In order to measure time, one can record the number of occurrences (events) of some periodic phenomenon. The regular recurrences of the seasons, the motions of the sun, moon and stars were noted and tabulated for millennia, before the laws of physics were formulated. The sun was the arbiter of the flow of time, but tim... | Time in physics |
c_05rn85u3a3y8 | In order to meet global climate goals and provide power to those that do not currently have it coal power must be reduced from nearly 10,000 TWh to less than 2,000 TWh by 2040. Phasing out coal has short-term health and environmental benefits which exceed the costs, but some countries still favor coal, and there is muc... | Coal fired |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.