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One of the first national typology bases available on the web exhibits how the arrowhead artifacts found are classified among the fifty states by region, state, or nationwide.In this particular example, the arrowheads are classified by their shape. The categories consist of: notched, stemmed, lanceolate, and other proj... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typology_(archaeology) |
This type consists of sequential ordering of archaeological artifacts merely based on form. It involves collecting dates or relative dates that establishes the position in time the artifact lies in to reflect the civilization/events of a current region. A chronological typology is made up of diagnostic artifacts, or re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typology_(archaeology) |
Artifacts organized into this kind of typology are sorted by the use they serve rather than the looks they have or the chronological sequence they possess. In some cases, the artifacts may not be removed because of the functional purpose they exhibit, and the restoration of the pieces can be more difficult than other t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typology_(archaeology) |
This type of classification displays information about the artifact via the object's display. Stylistic typology is not to be confused with classification of certain styles, for that would just entail organizing artifacts based on how they look. This type of typology accounts for information told through the artifact. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typology_(archaeology) |
For cultures that produced pottery, archaeologists invariably spend a great deal of time defining ceramic "types." Each type is a series of attributes which distinguishes one group of pottery (whether whole vessels or potsherds) from all other groups of pottery, such that each type was produced in a single time and pla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typology_(archaeology) |
By extension, they can estimate when a prehistoric site was used, whether there are any traded pieces, and so on. The names assigned to the ceramic types are arbitrary. In United States, the common practice is a two-part name, the first part being an arbitrary geographic reference and the second part providing a brief ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typology_(archaeology) |
Thus, for example, the type "Flagstaff Black-on-white" was first defined using a collection from the vicinity of Flagstaff, Arizona, and its primary design attribute is the use of black paint on a white background. Non-archaeologists should be aware of the limitations of ceramic typology. All such typologies are abstra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typology_(archaeology) |
Professional disagreement over specifics is common. Changes in ceramic design did not happen overnight, and archaeological typologies tend to break continua of design evolution into arbitrary (but highly useful) units. Most archaeological dates are approximate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typology_(archaeology) |
In the middle of the twentieth century, German photographers Bernd and Hilla Becher raised typology to an art form by photographing countless similar architectural features including water towers, workers' houses and industrial landscapes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typology_(archaeology) |
The aegis ( EE-jis; Ancient Greek: αἰγίς aigís), as stated in the Iliad, is a device carried by Athena and Zeus, variously interpreted as an animal skin or a shield and sometimes featuring the head of a Gorgon. There may be a connection with a deity named Aex, a daughter of Helios and a nurse of Zeus or alternatively a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis |
The Greek αἰγίς aigis, has many meanings including: "violent windstorm", from the verb ἀίσσω aïssō (word stem ἀιγ- aïg-) = "I rush or move violently". Akin to καταιγίς kataigis, "thunderstorm". The shield of a deity as described above. "goatskin coat", from treating the word as meaning "something grammatically feminine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis |
The aegis of Athena is referred to in several places in the Iliad. "It produced a sound as from myriad roaring dragons (Iliad, 4.17) and was borne by Athena in battle ... and among them went bright-eyed Athene, holding the precious aegis which is ageless and immortal: a hundred tassels of pure gold hang fluttering from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis |
When the Olympian deities overtook the older deities of Greece and she was born of Metis (inside Zeus who had swallowed the goddess) and "re-born" through the head of Zeus fully clothed, Athena already wore her typical garments. When the Olympian shakes the aegis, Mount Ida is wrapped in clouds, the thunder rolls and m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis |
In the Iliad when Zeus sends Apollo to revive the wounded Hector, Apollo, holding the aegis, charges the Achaeans, pushing them back to their ships drawn up on the shore. According to Edith Hamilton's Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes, the Aegis is the breastplate of Zeus, and was "awful to behold". However,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis |
Classical Greece interpreted the Homeric aegis usually as a cover of some kind borne by Athena. It was supposed by Euripides (Ion, 995) that the aegis borne by Athena was the skin of the slain Gorgon, yet the usual understanding is that the Gorgoneion was added to the aegis, a votive offering from a grateful Perseus. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis |
The Douris cup shows that the aegis was represented exactly as the skin of the great serpent, with its scales clearly delineated. John Tzetzes says that aegis was the skin of the monstrous giant Pallas whom Athena overcame and whose name she attached to her own. In a late rendering by Gaius Julius Hyginus (Poetical Ast... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis |
13), Zeus is said to have used the skin of a pet goat owned by his nurse Amalthea (aigis "goat-skin") which suckled him in Crete, as a shield when he went forth to do battle against the Titans.The aegis appears in works of art sometimes as an animal's skin thrown over Athena's shoulders and arms, occasionally with a bo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis |
Herodotus thought he had identified the source of the aegis in ancient Libya, which was always a distant territory of ancient magic for the Greeks. "Athene's garments and aegis were borrowed by the Greeks from the Libyan women, who are dressed in exactly the same way, except that their leather garments are fringed with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis |
In this context, Graves identifies the aegis as clearly belonging first to Athena. One current interpretation is that the Hittite sacral hieratic hunting bag (kursas), a rough and shaggy goatskin that has been firmly established in literary texts and iconography by H.G. Güterbock, was a source of the aegis. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegis |
Islamic studies refers to the academic study of Islam, and generally to academic multidisciplinary "studies" programs—programs similar to others that focus on the history, texts and theologies of other religious traditions, such as Eastern Christian Studies or Jewish Studies but also fields such as (environmental studi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Scholars in the field of Islamic studies are often referred to as "Islamicists" and the discipline traditionally made up the bulk of what used to be called Oriental studies. In fact, some of the more traditional Western universities still confer degrees in Arabic and Islamic studies under the primary title of "Oriental... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
This latter context gave early academic Islamic studies its Biblical studies character and was also a consequence of the fact that throughout early-Modern Western Europe the discipline was developed by churchmen whose primary aim had actually been to refute the tenets of Islam. Today, academic Islamic Studies is usuall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
The first attempt to understand Islam as a topic of modern scholarship (as opposed to a Christological heresy) was within the context of 19th-century Christian European Oriental studies. In the years 1821 to 1850, the Royal Asiatic Society in England, the Société Asiatique in France, the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesell... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
To understand the history of Islam provides the indispensable basis to understand all aspects of Islam and its culture. Themes of special interest are: Historiography of early Islam History of the Quran Historicity of Muhammad Early Muslim conquests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Kalam (Islamic studies of theology often include study of the traditional science of Kalâm. Islamic eschatology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Sufism (تصوف taṣawwuf) is a mystic tradition of Islam based on the pursuit of spiritual truth as it is gradually revealed to the heart and mind of the Sufi (one who practices Sufism).According to Renard (2021) quoted by Green the meaning of Sufism is “a strong method of Muslim’s knowledge and practice bringing proximit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
It is an individual way of studying. It might also be referred to as Islamic mysticism. While other branches of Islam generally focus on exoteric aspects of religion, Sufism is mainly focused on the direct perception of truth or God through mystic practices based on divine love. Sufism embodies a number of cultures, ph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Islamic jurisprudence relates to everyday and social issues in the life of Muslims. It is divided in fields like: the study of sharia Islamic economics Qur'an and Hadith studies Key distinctions include those between fiqh, hadith and ijtihad. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Islamic studies scholars also deal with the long and rich tradition of philosophy as developed by Muslim philosophers. It is divided in fields like: Early Islamic philosophy Avicennism Averroism Islamic philosophy Modern Islamic philosophy Sufi philosophy Transcendent theosophy List of Muslim philosophers Illuminationi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Islamic studies scholars are also active in the history and philosophy of science. Significant progress in science was made in the Muslim world during the Middle Ages, especially during the Islamic Golden Age, which is considered a major period in the history of science. Timeline of Islamic science and engineering Alch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Arabic literature Arabic epic literature Islamic poetry Arabic poetry Persian literature Urdu LiteratureThis field includes the study of modern and classical Arabic and the literature written in those languages. It also often includes other modern, classic or ancient languages of the Middle East and other areas that ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Islamic architecture is the entire range of architecture that has evolved within Muslim culture in the course of the history of Islam. Hence the term encompasses religious buildings as well as secular ones, historic as well as modern expressions and the production of all places that have come under the varying levels o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Islamic calligraphy Islamic pottery Muslim musicIslamic visual art has, throughout history, been mainly abstract and decorative, portraying geometric, floral, Arabesque, and calligraphic designs. Unlike the strong tradition of portraying the human figure in Christian art, Islamic art is typically distinguished as not i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Islamic comparative religion is the study of the relationship between Islam and other religions. Islam and Christianity Islam and Jainism Islam and Judaism Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800 - 1400) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Islamic economics studies how economics may be brought in accordance with Islamic law. Islamic banking Islamic economics in the world | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
One field of study deals with how Islam reacts on the contact with Western modernity. Al-Nahda Islam and modernity Liberal and Progressive Muslim movements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
Die Welt des Islams (Brill) Islamic Law and Society (Brill) Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (Routledge) Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam (The Max Schloessinger Memorial Foundation, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies open access (Lancaster University) Journal of Islamic S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies |
MediaSmarts (French: HabiloMédias; formerly the Media Awareness Network, MNet) is a Canadian non-profit organization and registered charity based in Ottawa, Ontario, that focuses on digital and media literacy programs and resources. In particular, the organization promotes critical thinking via educational resources an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
The organization's educational resources, public awareness campaigns, and policy recommendations are grounded in original research. In collaboration with various partners, MediaSmarts designs and facilitates qualitative and quantitative research projects and conducts evaluations of their programs and resources. The org... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
These findings have also been used to develop MediaSmarts’ USE, UNDERSTAND & CREATE: Digital Literacy Framework for Canadian Schools. This research study informs other projects at MediaSmarts and other organizations, including academic institutions. YCWW is currently in its fourth phase. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
Phase IV began with a name change to the study – from Young Canadians in a Wired World to Young Canadians in a Wireless World. This change in language speaks to shifts in digital technology and the internet (since 2000) from a ‘wired’ to ‘wireless’ world that presents new opportunities and challenges for youth, parents... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
MediaSmarts provides resources for educators, parents, youth and all Canadians. Their resources for the general public include tip sheets, videos, guides and blog posts.Their K-12 resources cover a wide range of issues related to digital media literacy. They are easily integrated into existing curriculum as they are al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
Media Literacy Week is a national campaign annually hosted each October by MediaSmarts and the Canadian Teachers' Federation to promote digital media literacy, with activities and events taking place in classrooms, libraries, museums, and community groups through over 140 collaborating organizations.The event began in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
The organization was founded as the Media Awareness Network (MNet) in 1994 under the auspices of the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). The following year, MNet began to receive seed funding from Bell Canada, CBC, Western International Communications, CHUM Television, as well as from the federal departments Health Ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
In 2001, with MNet as a key partner, the federal government released its "Cyberwise" strategy on addressing illegal and offensive content on the Internet.On 29 May 2012, one year after their 15th anniversary, the organization was relaunched as MediaSmarts. The new brand was developed pro-bono by Toronto-based advertisi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
MediaSmarts is governed by an elected, volunteer Board of Directors, which includes representatives of media companies and such stakeholder sectors as education, libraries, and community- and youth-serving organizations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
The funding for MediaSmarts is primarily derived from private sector sponsors and federal government grants. In particular, the work of MediaSmarts is supported by various companies and organizations.As of March 2023, MediaSmarts sponsors include: APTN Bell Canada / Bell Media Google Meta National Film Board of Canada ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
In the 2022 fiscal year, MediaSmarts partnered with the following organizations: AT&T BC Anti-Racism Network Canadian Commission for UNESCO Canadian Heritage Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canadian Practitioners Network for the Prevention of Radicalization and Extremist Violence Canadian Teachers’ Federation CB... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
MediaSmarts has received a number of awards for its work, including awards from UNESCO Global Alliance for Partnerships on Media and Information, as well as several online awards for web-based content.In 1999, MNet was awarded the inaugural Canadian Race Relations Foundation Award of Excellence by the Canadian Race Rel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaSmarts |
Jessica Ahlquist (born June 21, 1995) is an American activist and public speaker who filed a lawsuit in 2012 against Cranston High School West, where she was a student, to remove a religious prayer from its auditorium. The suit, Ahlquist v. Cranston, was filed with the assistance of the American Civil Liberties Union, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
She received death threats, and required police escorts to and from classes. On the day following the ruling, Rhode Island State Representative Peter G. Palumbo spoke on a local radio show and referred to Ahlquist as "an evil little thing".Since the lawsuit, Ahlquist has received a variety of media attention, and she h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
Jessica Ahlquist was born in 1995, and lives in Cranston, Rhode Island. She is the oldest of four children and the daughter of a firefighter and nurse. Ahlquist's family was religious, and she had been raised as a Catholic, but after her mother fell ill, she began to identify as an atheist. She describes herself as "a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
In July 2010, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) sent a letter to the school superintendent on behalf of an unnamed parent who complained about a banner at the school which contained a "school prayer." After reading about the complaint, Ahlquist decided to sit in on the school board meetings. She also created a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
At the end of the November meeting, out of safety concerns, a police escort was provided for Ahlquist and one other person who spoke in favor of the banner's removal. At a contentious meeting of the full committee, she argued the case for the removal of the banner and a similar display at Bain Middle School. The commit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
The Cranston School Committee had made defense arrangements with Joseph V. Cavanagh, Jr. and The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty which represented them without charge.In the January 11, 2012, Ahlquist v. Cranston ruling, District Court Judge Ronald R. Lagueux of the United States District Court for the District of Rh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
During the lawsuit, Ahlquist received hatemail and was verbally attacked by her peers, media outlets, and online. She received death threats, and required police escorts to and from classes. An unnamed student was disciplined by the school because of threats.The Freedom from Religion Foundation ordered flowers to be de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
In response, her supporters began selling T-shirts with the words "Evil little thing" on the front. They committed the proceeds to a college education fund established for her. The fund raised over $62,000 which was presented to her at the Reason Rally on March 24, 2012, where she was an invited speaker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
Ahlquist was also awarded the Humanist Pioneer Award from the American Humanist Association. In 2013, she received a Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Award in the education category. Religious leaders from the Rhode Island State Council of Churches rallied to defend Ahlquist and condemn the language used to describe her. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
Several months after the case was closed, in April 2012, Ahlquist received threatening letters in the mail from individuals describing themselves as "crusaders". Police were still investigating as of 2012.Ahlquist was an invited speaker at a number of events in 2012, spanning at least five US states and international m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
She also spoke at the Texas Freethought Convention in 2012. Ahlquist is a frequent and popular guest on Freethought RI, a weekly radio show produced by the RI Atheist Society. On June 25, 2011, she was a speaker at Center for Inquiry transnational in Amherst, New York and on February 6, 2012, in Mesa Arts Center, Mesa,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
John Figdor of the Secular Student Alliance stated "she's a role model to so many young people". JT Eberhard of the same organisation called for nominating Ahlquist for the 2012 Presidential Citizens Medal.On April 26, 2012, Ana Kasparian and John Iadarola discussed the hate mail at Ahlquist's address in TYTUniversity,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
On October 8, 2011, the Freedom From Religion Foundation named her the 2011 Thomas Jefferson Youth Activist. On June 9, 2012, the American Humanist Association honored Ahlquist with the 2012 Humanist Pioneer Award, which was presented to her at the 71st annual American Humanist Association conference in New Orleans. On... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Ahlquist |
Expressive suppression is defined as the intentional reduction of the facial expression of an emotion. It is a component of emotion regulation. Expressive suppression is a concept "based on individuals' emotion knowledge, which includes knowledge about the causes of emotion, about their bodily sensations and expressive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
However, "there is little evidence that the suppression of spontaneous emotional expression leads to a decrease in emotional experience and physiological arousal apart from the manipulation of the pain expressions". : 165 According to Gross and Levenson's 1993 study in which subjects watched a disgusting film while sup... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
While it is unclear from Gross and Levenson's study whether suppression successfully diminishes the experience of emotions, it can be concluded that expressive suppression does not completely inhibit all facial movements and expressions (e.g. blinking of the eyes). Niedenthal argues that expressive suppression works to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Specifically, "in one study the subjects were induced to exaggerate or minimize their facial expressions to fool a supposed audience". : 27 This idea of covering up an internal experience in front of observers could be the true reason that expressive suppression is utilized in social situations. "In everyday life, supp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Expressive suppression is a response-focused emotion regulation strategy. This strategy involves an individual voluntarily suppressing their outward emotional expressions. Expressive suppression has a direct relationship to our emotional experiences and is significant in communication studies. Individuals who suppress ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Expressive suppression involves reducing facial expression and controlling positive and negative feelings of emotion. This type of emotion regulation strategy can have negative emotional and psychological effects on individuals. Emotional suppression reduces expressive behavior significantly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
As many researchers have concluded, though emotional suppression decreases outward expressive emotions, it does not decrease our negative feelings and emotional arousal.Different forms of emotion regulation affect our response trajectory of emotions. We target situations for regulation by the process of selecting the s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Expressive suppression has physiological influences such as decreasing heart rate, increasing blood pressure, and increasing sympathetic activation.Expressive suppression requires self-control. We use self-control when handling our emotion-based expressions in public. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
It is believed that the use of expressive suppression has a negative connection with a human's well-being. Expressive suppression has been found to occur late after the peripheral physiological response or emotion process is triggered. Künh et al. (2011) compare this strategy to vetoing actions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
This type of emotion regulation strategy is considered a method that strongly resists various urges and voluntarily inhibits actions. Kühn et al. (2011) also posited the notion that expression suppression may be internally controlled and that emotional responses are targeted by suppression efforts. One of the character... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Regarding emotion regulation, specifically expressive suppression, two groups can be characterized by their different response patterns. These two groups are labeled externalizers and internalizers. Internalizers generally "show more skin conductance deflections and greater heart rate acceleration than do externalizers... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
However, when asked to describe their feelings, internalizers do not usually speak about themselves or specific feelings, which could be a sign of alexithymia. Alexithymia is defined as the inability to verbally explain an emotional experience or a feeling. Peter Sifneos first used this word in the realm of psychiatry ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Men and women do not equally utilize expressive suppression. Typically, men show less facial expression and employ more expressive suppression than do women. This behavior difference rooted in gender difference can be traced back to social norms that are taught to children at a young age. Young boys are implicitly taug... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
: 56 This suppression is a result of "the punishment and consequent conditioned inhibition of all expression of a given emotion". : 56 If a masculine individual expresses an undesirable emotion and society responds by punishing that behavior, that masculine individual will learn to suppress the socially unacceptable be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
On the other hand, feminine individuals do not experience the same societal pressure to the same extent to suppress their emotional expressions. Because feminine individuals are not as pressured to keep their emotions concealed, most do not feel the need to suppress them. However, there are exceptions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Complete expressive suppression means that no facial expressions are visible to exemplify a given emotion. However, display rules are examples of a controlled form of expression management and "involve the learned manipulation of facial expression to agree with cultural conventions and interpersonal expectations in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
There are three ways in which facial expression displays may be influenced: modulation, qualification, and falsification. Modulation refers to the act of showing a different amount of expression than one feels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Qualification requires the addition of an extra (unfelt) emotional expression to the expression of felt emotion. Lastly, falsification has three separate components. Falsification incorporates expressing an unfelt emotion (simulation), expressing no emotion when an emotion is felt (neutralization), or concealing a felt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Expressive suppression is an emotion management strategy that works to decrease positive emotional experiences. However, it has not been proven to reduce the experience of negative emotions. This strategy is a response-focused form of emotion regulation, which "refers to things we do once an emotion is underway and res... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
: 883 Srivastava and colleagues performed a study in 2009 in which the effectiveness of students' use of expressive suppression was analyzed in the transition period between high school and college. This study concluded that "suppression is an antecedent of poor social functioning" in the domains of social support, clo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Suppressing the expression of emotion is one of the most frequent emotion-regulation strategies utilized by human beings. Clinical traditions state that a person's psychological health is based upon how affective impulses are regulated; the consequences of affective regulation have become the main focus of psychologica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
These researchers argue that common sense tells us emotions become more severe the longer they are bottled up. Other researchers dispute this theory, saying that emotional expression is so significant to the overall emotional response that when suppression occurs, all other responses (e.g. physiological) are weakened. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
If suppressing emotions were to increase the emotional experience, this counting exercise would only intensify a person's reactions. However, it has been deemed to do the opposite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Unfortunately, few studies have been carried out to test these hypotheses. The idea that people have conflicting views on what is better - to bottle up emotions by counting to ten before acting/speaking or to release emotions as bottling them up is bad for your mental health - is of constant interest to researchers in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
As a solution to these opposing ideas, it has been suggested (and mentioned in the Externalizers vs. Internalizers section above) that people tend to be either emotionally expressive (externalizers) or inexpressive (internalizers). The habitual use of one expressive technique over the other leads to different psycholog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
However, this assumption has gone primarily untested except for a 1979 study by Notarius and Levenson, whose research found that internalizers are more physiologically reactive to emotional stimuli than externalizers. One explanation for these findings was that when a behavioral emotional response is suppressed it must... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
As well as physical illness, expressive suppression is said to be the cause of mental illnesses such as depression. Many psychotherapists will try to relieve their patients' illness/strain by teaching them expressive techniques in a controlled environment or within the particular relationship in which their suppressed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Adults must learn to successfully suppress certain emotional responses (e.g. those to anger which could have destructive social consequences). However, then the question is whether or not to suppress all anger-related responses or to release those less volatile ones to reduce the risk of contracting physical and mental... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Concealing and suppressing expressions can cause stress-related physiological reactions. Stress occurs because "the social disapproval and punishment of overt emotional expression that causes suppression are itself intimidating and stressful". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
: 57 There are several occupations that require the suppression of positive or negative emotions, such as estate agents masking their happiness when an offer is placed on a house to maintain their professionalism, or elementary-school teachers suppressing their anger to not upset their young students when teaching them... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Strain elicited by such suppression can cause an elevated heart rate, increased Anxiety, low commitment, and other effects which can be detrimental to an employee. The common conception is that expressive suppression in the workplace is beneficial for the organization and dangerous for the employee over long periods. H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Expressive suppression, as an emotion regulation strategy, serves different purposes such as supporting goal pursuits and satisfying hedonic needs. Though expressive suppression is considered a weak influence on the experience of emotion, it has other functions. Expressive suppression is a goal-oriented strategy that i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
They found a reciprocal relationship between parental support and depressive symptoms. The same was not true for the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms followed decreased perception of parental support one year later. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
They found that initial suppression occurred after increases in depressive symptoms one year later, yet depression did not occur after suppression.However, in a continuation of their original study, Larsen and colleagues found that this relationship between suppression and depression was reversed. Depressive symptoms o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Some evidence says that "depressed people judge their negative emotions as less socially acceptable" than non-depressed people. : 194 "Appraising one's emotions as unacceptable mediates the relationship between negative emotion intensity and use of suppression". : 194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
As an appropriate level of expressive suppression is important for physiological and psychological health, it is equally important for maintaining social situations. However, excessive use of expressive suppression can negatively affect social interactions. While expressive suppression may seem like an easier way of co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
Specifically, suppression involves three social costs. The act of suppressing facial expressions prohibits others in the social world from gaining information about a suppressor's emotional state. This can prevent a suppressor from receiving social-emotional benefits such as sympathy or sharing in collective positive a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
: 895 Secondly, expressive suppression is not always fully successful. If a suppressor accidentally shows signs of concealed feelings, others may perceive that the suppressor is covering up true emotions and may assume that the suppressor is insincere and uninterested in forming legitimate social relationships. Lastly,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_suppression |
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