text stringlengths 9 3.55k | source stringlengths 31 280 |
|---|---|
(See also contract management.) Emerging thinking about contract governance is focusing on creating a governance structure in which the parties have a vested interest in managing what are often highly complex contractual arrangements in a more collaborative, aligned, flexible, and credible way. In 1979, Nobel laureate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
Multi-level governance is the concept and study of the fact that many intertangled authority structures are present in a global political economy. The theory of multi-level governance, developed mainly by Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks, arose from increasing European integration, particularly through the European Union.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
"Metagovernance" is the "governing of governing". It represents the established ethical principles, or 'norms', that shape and steer the entire governing process. It is important to note that there are no clearly defined settings within which metagoverning takes place, or particular persons who are responsible for it. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
While some believe metagovernance to be the role of the state which is assumed to want to steer actors in a particular direction, it can "potentially be exercised by any resourceful actor" who wishes to influence the governing process. Examples of this include the publishing of codes of conduct at the highest level of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
A collaborative governance framework uses a relationship management structure, joint performance and transformation management processes and an exit management plan as controlling mechanisms to encourage the organizations to make ethical, proactive changes for the mutual benefit of all the parties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
Security sector governance (SSG) is a subpart concept or framework of security governance that focuses specifically on decisions about security and their implementation within the security sector of a single state. SSG applies the principles of good governance to the security sector in question. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
When discussing governance in particular organizations, the quality of governance within the organization is often compared to a standard of good governance. In the case of a business or of a non-profit organization, for example, good governance relates to consistent management, cohesive policies, guidance, processes a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
Good governance is an indeterminate term used in international development literature to describe various normative accounts of how public institutions ought to conduct public affairs and manage public resources. These normative accounts are often justified on the grounds that they are thought to be conducive to econom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
The Worldwide Governance Indicators project of the World Bank defines governance as: the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised. This considers the process by which governments are selected, monitored and replaced; the capacity of the government to effectively formulate and implement s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
According to the United Nations Development Programme's Regional Project on Local Governance for Latin America: Governance has been defined as the rules of the political system to solve conflicts between actors and adopt decision (legality). It has also been used to describe the "proper functioning of institutions and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
The effectiveness of governments is not a straightforward and consentient type of governance. Measurement and conceptualization of effectiveness is controversial and often used interchangeably with good governance. However, during the period of 1996–2018, an effort was made by the World Bank to create a comparable meas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
According to this category, effective governance is composed by five aspects: the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service, the degree of the government's independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
Acting according to these needs, effectiveness is achieved by transparent, decentralized and neutral structures, that are consistent and disciplined. Therefore, efficient financial management, high-quality and committed personnel and formalized and standardized ways of processes is needed. For the latter, governments b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
Nevertheless, governments in a rapidly changing environment need to be able to adapt quickly, so being bounded by rigid structures of functioning could work as a detriment. Since the conceptualization of effective governance is not onefold, some more components that might constitute it are suggested: “It should be smal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
The external aspect of effective governance on the other hand, exclusively focuses on the international domain of politics. It entails the state's capacity to exercise its rights and fulfil its duties in alignment with international law, the representation of its people in the international political landscape and its ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
This independency is the core of statehood. Effects of effective governance In an attempt to identify predictors of effective government, a study was conducted to investigate what characteristics of the state are more deeply established by effective governance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
The most striking conclusion was that effective governance has a big share in the economic growth and developing, although on the long term. However, this is a bi-directional relationship: economic growth does lead to more effective governance as well. Moreover, effective governance does have a positive influence on re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
As is the case with economic development, it is plausible the argue that effective governance and the named predictors are a positive feedback cycle: they reinforce each other, and so indirectly themselves. Absence of effective governance When a state fails to govern effectively, this does not simply imply the absence ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
Since the early years of the 2000s (decade), efforts have been conducted in the research and international development community to assess and measure the quality of governance of countries all around the world. Measuring governance is inherently a controversial and somewhat political exercise. A distinction is therefo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
An example of a peer assessment is the African Peer Review Mechanism. Examples of self-assessments are country-led assessments that can be led by government, civil society, researchers and/or other stakeholders at the national level. One of these efforts to create an internationally comparable measure of governance and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
The project reports aggregate and individual indicators for more than 200 countries for six dimensions of governance: voice and accountability, political stability and lack of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, control of corruption. To complement the macro-level cross-country Worldwid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
The following domains, in the form of indicators and composite indexes, were selected to achieve the development of the WGI: Peace and Security, Rule of Law, Human Rights and Participation, Sustainable Development, and Human Development. Additionally, in 2009 the Bertelsmann Foundation published the Sustainable Governa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
Section 10 of the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) Modernization Act requires U.S. federal agencies to publish their strategic and performance plans and reports in machine-readable format. The International Budget Partnership (IBP) launched the Open Budget Initiative in 2006 with the release of the first O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
The OBS is a comprehensive analysis and survey that evaluates whether central governments give the public access to budget documents and provide opportunities for public participation in the budget process. To measure the overall commitment to transparency, the IBP created Open Budget Index (OBI), which assigns a score... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
The Open Budget Index data are used by the Open Government Partnership, development aid agencies, and increasingly investors in the private sector as key indicators of governance, particularly fiscal transparency and management of public funds. Examples of country-led assessments include the Indonesian Democracy Index,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance |
A dual-task paradigm is a procedure in experimental neuropsychology that requires an individual to perform two tasks simultaneously, in order to compare performance with single-task conditions. When performance scores on one and/or both tasks are lower when they are done simultaneously compared to separately, these two... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-task_paradigm |
"The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street" is episode 22 in the first season of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. The episode was written by Rod Serling, the creator-narrator of the series. It originally aired on March 4, 1960, on CBS. In 2009, TIME named it one of the ten best Twilight Zone episo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
Maple Street, U.S.A., late summer. A tree-lined little world of front porch gliders, barbecues, the laughter of children, and the bell of an ice cream vendor. At the sound of the roar and the flash of light, it will be precisely 6:43 P.M. on Maple Street. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
The narration continues after the neighbors wonder if what flew overhead was a meteor. This is Maple Street on a late Saturday afternoon. Maple Street in the last calm and reflective moment –before the monsters came. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
One late-summer afternoon, Maple Street is full of children playing and adults talking, and doing yardwork when a shadow passes over, accompanied by a roar and a flash of light. Everyone notices, but they shrug it off as a passing meteor and quickly resume their activities. The residents soon discover that their power ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
His neighbors, Steve Brand and Charlie Farnsworth, decide to go into town to investigate further, but Tommy, a neighborhood boy, urges them not to go. Tommy has read a story of an alien invasion causing similar issues, and says that the monsters do not want anyone to leave the street. Tommy adds that in the story, the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
The adults are incredulous, assuring him that the cause is natural. Another resident, Les Goodman, tries unsuccessfully to start his car. As he is walking over to join the other residents, the car starts by itself. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
This, coupled with the fact that Les didn't rush outside when things started, makes the neighbors suspect that Les may be an alien. Charlie says Les had always been an oddball, and suggests they go over and investigate, while Steve urges them to be calm and not act like a mob. As they all gather, one woman brings up Le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
Les, defending himself as a resident of Maple Street for five years, claims to suffer from insomnia, admonishes his neighbors that they should take caution and not panic. Steve tries to defuse the situation and prevent it from becoming a witch-hunt, but tensions remain high. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
As darkness descends, Charlie begins keeping watch over Les Goodman's house. Steve suggests Charlie go home and go to bed. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
Another neighbor, Don, mentions that Steve has built a ham radio, which Charlie then claims no one has ever seen. Steve sarcastically confirms this, but only manages to make matters worse. Steve and the other neighbors continue to argue, using each person's idiosyncrasies as evidence that they are an alien. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
Steve warns that such behavior, looking for a scapegoat, is the surest way for the entire neighborhood to "eat each other up alive." A shadowy figure is seen walking toward them. Tommy exclaims that it is the monster. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
Claiming it may be necessary for protection, Don obtains a double-barrelled shotgun which Steve quickly confiscates. As the figure gets closer, Charlie panics, grabs the shotgun, and, after the figure is revealed to be carrying a hammer, shoots the figure. When the crowd reaches the fallen figure, they realize it is Pe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
As Charlie struggles to defend his hasty action, the lights in his house come on. Les and Don call Charlie out on his determination to accuse everyone else; and voice suspicions that Pete had discovered evidence that Charlie is an alien, and he shot Pete to prevent exposure. Even Steve refuses to defend Charlie, righte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
Charlie makes a run for his house; everyone chases him, throwing stones, one of which smashes a window, causing the broken glass to fly at Charlie's face, cutting his forehead. Terrified, Charlie attempts to deflect suspicion onto Tommy. While his mother is quick to defend him, several neighbors agree with this idea, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
Steve continues to try to defuse the situation, but no one listens. Lights begin flashing on and off in houses throughout the neighborhood; lawnmowers and car engines start and stop for no reason at all. The mob becomes hysterical, hurling accusations, smashing windows, and taking up weapons as the situation devolves i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
Meanwhile, at a nearby hilltop, an alien spaceship and its crew are watching the riot on Maple Street while using a device to manipulate the neighborhood's power. They comment on how simply fiddling with consistency leads people to descend into paranoia and panic, and that this is a pattern that can be exploited. They ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
The tools of conquest do not necessarily come with bombs and explosions and fallout. There are weapons that are simply thoughts, attitudes, prejudices... to be found only in the minds of men. For the record, prejudices can kill... and suspicion can destroy... and a thoughtless, frightened search for a scapegoat has a f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
The aliens are wearing uniforms left over from the 1956 science fiction film Forbidden Planet. Also, the mockup set of the retractable stairway, leading into the lower half of the C-57D cruiser from the same film, is reused for this scene. At the end of the episode, a stock footage effects-shot of the cruiser in space ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
A 2003 remake of the episode was produced for the 2002 revival of The Twilight Zone, but it was renamed "The Monsters Are on Maple Street". Serling received "Story By" credit. It starred Andrew McCarthy as Will Marshall and Titus Welliver as Dylan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
The difference between the two is that the remake is more about the fear of terrorism. When the power surge happens in the remake, it is caused not by aliens, but instead by the government, specifically the United States Army, experimenting on how small towns react to the fear of terrorism. In the end, the neighborhood... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
The residents all fail the test miserably as did all the other inhabitants of every other street they tested. The opening and closing narration, provided by Forest Whitaker, has also been altered: Maple Street, U.S.A. Suburban community on a pleasant Saturday afternoon... but in a few moments everything will change for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
A radio dramatization of this episode was produced in the mid-2000s as part of The Twilight Zone radio series, starring Frank John Hughes as Steve Brand. It was included in The Twilight Zone: Radio Dramas – Collection 12 collection. A graphic novel version was published by the Savannah College of Art and Design partner... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
A short-story version was published in Stories from The Twilight Zone and ends with a race of two-headed aliens moving into Maple Street. The episode served as a major influence on science fiction in the decades that followed. Among the films that drew their inspiration from this episode include The Trigger Effect, dir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_Are_Due_on_Maple_Street |
The Quraysh (Arabic: قُرَيْشٌ) were a grouping of Arab clans that historically inhabited and controlled the city of Mecca and its Kaaba. The Islamic prophet Muhammad was born into the Hashim clan of the tribe. By 600 CE, the tribe were affluent merchants who dominated commerce between the Indian Ocean and East Africa o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
On those routes, they were also engaged in mining and other enterprises. They were known for their hilm, or "absence of hotheadedness," because, despite their rivalries, they put commercial interests and unity first.When Muhammad spread his new religion, Islam in Mecca, they were unconcerned and offered no serious oppo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
As relations with the Quraysh progressively deteriorated, Muhammad took his followers to Medina after successful negotiations with Banu Aws and Khazraj to mediate their tribal conflict. This migration event is known as the hijrah. In Medina, Muhammad had a strong interest in attacking Quraysh caravans and plundering th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
This consequently led to armed conflicts between them, some of which included the battles of Badr, Uhud, and the Trench. Sometime after the latter battle and after Muhammad had successfully eliminated the three major Jewish tribes from Medina, he reportedly stopped attacking Quraysh caravans, at which time he focused m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
While in Mecca for the Umrah, Muhammad managed to reconcile with his family, the Hashim clan, which was sealed through marriage with Maymuna bint al-Harith. A number of Meccan notables, such as Khalid ibn al-Walid and Amr ibn al-As, eventually recognized him as the man of the future in Arabia and converted to Islam.At ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
As Muhammad brought his army to besiege Mecca, Abu Sufyan, along with a few others, including Muhammad's friend Khuza'i Budayl ibn Warqa, went to meet him to ask for amnesty for all Quraysh who did not put up armed resistance. Muhammad thus managed to enter Mecca unopposed, and almost all of its inhabitants converted t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
Sources differ as to the etymology of Quraysh, with one theory holding that it was the diminutive form of qirsh (shark). The 9th-century genealogist Hisham ibn al-Kalbi asserted that there was no eponymous founder of Quraysh; rather, the name stemmed from taqarrush, an Arabic word meaning "a coming together" or "associ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
Prior to this, Fihr's offspring lived in scattered, nomadic groups among their Kinana relatives. The nisba or surname of the Quraysh is Qurashī, though in the early centuries of the Islamic Ummah, most Qurayshi tribesmen were denoted by their specific clan instead of the tribe. Later, particularly after the 13th centur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
The Quraysh's progenitor was Fihr ibn Malik, whose full genealogy, according to traditional Arab sources, was the following: Fihr ibn Mālik ibn al-Naḍr ibn Kināna ibn Khuzayma ibn Mudrika ibn Ilyās ibn Muḍar ibn Nizār ibn Maʿadd ibn ʿAdnān. Thus, Fihr belonged to the Kinana tribe and his descent is traced to Adnan the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
All medieval Muslim sources agree that Qusayy unified Fihr's descendants, and established the Quraysh as the dominant power in Mecca. After conquering Mecca, Qusayy assigned quarters to different Qurayshi clans. Those settled around the Ka'ba were known Quraysh al-Biṭāḥ (Arabic: قُرَيْش ٱلْبِطَاح, lit. 'Quraysh of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
The clans settled in the outskirts of the sanctuary were known as Quraysh al-Ẓawāhīr (Arabic: قُرَيْش ٱلظَّوَاهِر, lit. 'Quraysh of the Outskirts'). According to historian Ibn Ishaq, Qusayy's younger son, Abd Manaf, had grown prominent during his father's lifetime and was chosen by Qusayy to be his successor as the gua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
He also gave other responsibilities related to the Ka'ba to his other sons Abd al-'Uzza and Abd, while ensuring that all decisions by the Quraysh had to be made in the presence of his eldest son Abd al-Dar; the latter was also designated ceremonial privileges such as keeper of the Qurayshi war banner and supervisor of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
Though Qusayy appeared to be the strongman of Quraysh, he was not officially a king of the tribe, but one of many leading sheikhs (tribal chieftains).According to historian Gerald R. Hawting, if the traditional sources are to be believed, Qusayy's children, "must have lived in the second half of the fifth century". How... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
Toward the end of the 6th century, the Fijar War broke out between the Quraysh and the Kinana on one side and various Qaysi tribes on the other, including the Hawazin, Banu Thaqif, Banu Amir and Banu Sulaym. The war broke out when a Kinani tribesman killed an Amiri tribesman escorting a Lakhmid caravan to the Hejaz. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
This patron and other chiefs were ambushed by the Hawazin at Nakhla, but were able to escape. In the battles that occurred in the following two years, the Qays were victorious, but in the fourth year, the tide turned in favor of the Quraysh and Kinana. After a few more clashes, peace was reestablished. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
According to Watt, the actual aim in the Fijar War was control of the trade routes of Najd. Despite particularly tough resistance by the Quraysh's main trade rivals, the Thaqif of Ta'if, and the Banu Nasr clan of Hawazin, the Quraysh ultimately held sway over western Arabian trade. The Quraysh gained control over Ta'if... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
According to Watt, by 600 CE, the leaders of Quraysh "were prosperous merchants who had obtained something like a monopoly of the trade between the Indian Ocean and East Africa on the one hand and the Mediterranean on the other". Furthermore, the Quraysh commissioned trade caravans to Yemen in the winter and caravans t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
They also formed political or economic alliances with many of the Bedouin (nomadic Arab) tribes in the northern and central Arabian deserts to ensure the safety of their trade caravans. The Quraysh invested their revenues in building their trading ventures, and shared profits with tribal allies to translate financial f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
They were no longer interested in "buying cheap and selling dear," but also with organizing money and men to realize their commercial objectives. There was emerging, in short, a class of men with well-developed managerial and organizational skills. It was a development unheralded, and almost unique, in central Arabia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
The Banu Makhzum and Banu Umayya, in particular, acquired vast wealth from trade and held the most influence among the Quraysh in Meccan politics. The Banu Umayya and the Banu Nawfal, another clan descending from Abd Manaf that had become wealthy from their commercial enterprise, split from the Muṭayyabūn faction in 60... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
During a commercial incident where a Yemenite merchant was robbed of his trade by al-As ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi, the Muṭayyabūn reformed in the Hilf al-Fudul, which consisted of the Banu Hashim and Banu Muttalib, which, like the Banu Umayya, were descendants of Abd Manaf, and the Taym, Asad, Zuhra and al-Harith ibn Fihr cla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
The Quraysh, who were natives of Mecca, did not present any opposition when Muhammad first began to propagate his new faith in the city. Rather, they seemed unconcerned by his activity, as they did not appear to be particularly interested in devotional meetings. Up until a point when Muhammad started attacking their be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
In Medina, Muhammad received a divine revelation authorizing Muslims to attack the polytheists without being attacked first, and thus he targeted Quraysh trade caravans.After obtaining abundant booty following his attack on a caravan at Nakhla, Muhammad heard that a large caravan of Quraish was on its way back from Gaz... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
Despite fighting against a reportedly much larger army, Muhammad managed to get his troops to win the battle, and gain prestige. More and more people supported him and participated in his raids as a result.The defeat at Badr was catastrophic for the Quraysh; a number of their influential and experienced men were killed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
Led by Abu Sufyan, some 3,000 troops set out for Medina to confront Muhammad, and the Battle of Uhud ensued. Initially, Muhammad had the upper hand, but it was reversed when the Muslim archers abandoned their positions and pursued the fleeing Meccan soldiers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
The Meccan military strategist Khalid ibn Walid took advantage of this situation and gained a favorable position on the slopes of Uhud. Muhammad fled. Quraysh did not pursue him and finish him off, as they considered it enough to deter him and restore their honor.Upon returning to Medina, some of the Jews there who had... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
Feeling the need to make an example, Muhammad targeted the Banu Nadir and drove them to Khaybar and other Jewish settlements, with their property becoming booty for the Muslims. Some time later, the Quraysh, with their caravans still under attack by Muhammad and after being urged by the Jews in Khaybar, learned that Mu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
With the advance of the Quraysh troops hampered by the trench, Muhammad used the time to conduct secret negotiations with the Ghatafan and cleverly induce distrust among his enemies. When the weather became unfavorable, the besiegers lost morale and slowly began to retire. Not long after, Muhammad attacked the Banu Qur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
Their men were beheaded, while the women and children were divided among the Muslims. With the elimination of the three major Jewish tribes in Medina, this became a turning point in Muhammad's life and the rise of the Islamic community. Muhammad no longer continued his constant attacks on the trade caravans of Mecca; i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
Muhammad and his followers were then allowed to perform Umrah next year in Mecca. A short time later, Muhammad attacked the Jewish-inhabited Khaybar, where he instituted a practice that set a precedent for Muslims later on towards Jews and Christians, namely jizya. He did not slaughter those who surrendered but let the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
The Jewish colony of Wadi al-Qura also came into his possession with this expedition, making the Muslim community rich.In early 627, Muhammad, who had become lord in Medina, undertook the Umrah known as the 'fulfilled pilgrimage' in Mecca, during which time he reconciled with his family, the Banu Hashim, which was seal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
In 630, Muhammad entered Mecca victoriously, prompting the rest of Quraysh to embrace Islam. Muhammad sought to consolidate the unity of his expanding Muslim community by "winning over this powerful group ", according to Donner; to that end he guaranteed Qurayshi participation and influence in the nascent Islamic state... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
According to Donner, the inclusion of Quraysh "in the ruling elite of the Islamic state was very probably responsible for what appears to be the more carefully organized and systematic approach to statesmanship practiced by Muhammad in the closing years of his life, as the organizational skills of the Quraysh were put ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
634–644), some of the Ansar were concerned about their political stake. The Quraysh apparently held real power during this period marked by the early Muslim conquests. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
During the First Muslim Civil War, the Ansar, who backed Caliph Ali of the Banu Hashim against two factions representing rival Qurayshi clans, were defeated. They were subsequently left out of the political elite, while the Thaqif maintained a measure of influence by dint of their long relationship with the Quraysh.A h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
In the first civil war, these factions included the Banu Umayya represented by Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, the Banu Hashim represented by Ali, and other Qurayshi leaders such as Zubayr ibn al-Awwam of the Banu Asad and Talha ibn Ubayd Allah of the Banu Taym. Later, during the Second Muslim Civil War, these same factions a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh |
Bisakol (portmanteau of Bisaya and Bikol) is an informal term for the three Bisayan languages spoken in the Bicol Region. These languages include Sorsoganon, a group of Warayan speech varieties of Sorsogon, namely Central Sorsogon (Masbate Sorsogon) and Southern Sorsogon (Waray Sorsogon). The latter is spoken in seven ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisakol_languages |
Magdalena, Barcelona and Bulusan. Southern Sorsogon is closely related to the Waray spoken in Northern Samar.Masbateño of Masbate is closer to the languages of Panay, Capiznon and Hiligaynon. It retains Bicolano influence from its inclusion in the Bicol Region, both politically and geographically. Despite its name, Mas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisakol_languages |
According to Zorc, the Bisakol languages all classify under the Central Bisayan group. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisakol_languages |
The following examples are taken from McFarland, in comparison with other Bikol area dialects as well as some Bisayan languages from Zorc. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisakol_languages |
Friedrich Wilhelm Karl, Ritter von Hegel (7 June 1813 – 5 December 1901) was a German historian and son of the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. During his lifetime he was a well-known and well-reputed historian who received many awards and honours. He was one of the major urban historians during the second ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Hegel |
Karl Hegel was born in Nuremberg. He was the son of the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, who died in 1831, when Karl Hegel was 18 years old. Hegel's own career suffered from the fame of his father. His mother, Marie Helena Susanna von Tucher (1791–1855) came from a long-established Nuremberg family of nobilit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Hegel |
Hegel lived his first three years in Nuremberg. The family relocated to Heidelberg in 1816, where his father became Professor of Philosophy. In 1818, they relocated again, this time to Berlin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Hegel |
Karl Hegel studied in Berlin and in Heidelberg. One of his academic teachers was Leopold von Ranke. In 1837, he earned a PhD in Berlin (his Doctor's thesis was about Alexander the Great). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Hegel |
From 1838 to 1839, he went to Italy and did many historical researches. Back in Berlin, he worked for a brief time as a high school teacher. From 1841 to 1856, he was Professor for History and Politics at the University of Rostock. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Hegel |
In 1847, he published two volumes of the History of Urban Constitution of Italy since the Time of the Roman Empire until the End of the 12th Century. From then on he was a well-known historian of the 19th century. The universities of Leipzig, Kiel, Munich, Greifswald and Erlangen offered him a professorship. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Hegel |
In 1850, he was as elected representative of the Erfurt Parliament. During the same year, he married his cousin Susanna Tucher. In 1856, the University of Erlangen appointed him to the newly created teaching professorship of history. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Hegel |
During 1870, he was vice-rector at FAU. From 1862 to 1899, 27 volumes of the edition “Die Chroniken der deutschen Städte” were published by Karl Hegel for the Historical Commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Munich. Hegel edited six chronicles volumes (Nuremberg, Strasbourg and Mainz) in many... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Hegel |
With Hegel as a department manager, the edition of the chronicles was one of the most successful projects of the Munich Historical Commission at the Royal Academy, which was still young during Hegel's lifetime. Designated historians, specialists in German studies and jurists such as Karl Lamprecht, Georg von Below, Mat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Hegel |
Hegel argued for the authenticity of this chronicle, and was right.Hegel published until he was very old. In 1891, he published Cities and Guilds of the Germanic peoples in the Middle Ages. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Hegel |
This representation was a standard work with good international reviews and reputation (for example: Friedrich Keutgen: Städte und Gilden der Germanischen Völker im Mittelalter. In: The English Historical Review 8 (1893), pp. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Hegel |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.