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The idea of human rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957245-8. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Chauhan, O.P. (2004). Human Rights: Promotion and Protection. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. ISBN 812612119X. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Clayton, Philip; Schloss, Jeffrey (2004). Evolution and Ethics: Human Morality in Biological and Religious Perspective. Wm. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 0802826954. Cope, K., Crabtree, C., & Fariss, C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
(2020). "Patterns of disagreement in indicators of state repression" Political Science Research and Methods, 8(1), 178–187. doi:10.1017/psrm.2018.62 Cross, Frank B. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
"The relevance of law in human rights protection." International Review of Law and Economics 19.1 (1999): 87–98 online Archived 22 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Davenport, Christian (2007). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
State Repression and Political Order. Annual Review of Political Science. Donnelly, Jack. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
(2003). Universal Human Rights in Theory & Practice. 2nd ed. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801487765 Finnis, John (1980). Natural Law and Natural Rights. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0198761104. Fomerand, Jacques. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
ed. Historical Dictionary of Human Rights (2021) excerpt Forsythe, David P. (2000). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Human Rights in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. International Progress Organization. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
ISBN 3900704082 Freedman, Lynn P.; Isaacs, Stephen L. (Jan–Feb 1993). "Human Rights and Reproductive Choice". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Studies in Family Planning Vol.24 (No.1): p. 18–30 JSTOR 2939211 Freeman, Michael (2002). Human Rights: An Interdisciplinary Approach. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Wiley. ISBN 978-0-7456-2356-6. Glendon, Mary Ann (2001). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Random House of Canada Ltd. ISBN 0375506926. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Gorman, Robert F. and Edward S. Mihalkanin, eds. Historical Dictionary of Human Rights and Humanitarian Organizations (2007) excerpt Houghton Miffin Company (2006). The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Houghton Miffin. ISBN 0618701737 Ignatieff, Michael (2001). Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Princeton & Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691088934. Ishay, Micheline. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Era of Globalization (U of California Press, 2008) excerpt Moyn, Samuel (2010). The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History. Harvard University Press. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
ISBN 978-0-674-04872-0. Istrefi, Remzije. "International Security Presence in Kosovo and its Human Rights Implications." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Croatian International Relations Review 23.80 (2017): 131–154. online Jaffa, Harry V. (1979). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Thomism and Aristotelianism; A Study of the Commentary by Thomas Aquinas on the Nicomachean Ethics. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313211493. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
(reprint of 1952 edition published by University of Chicago Press) Jahn, Beate (2005). "Barbarian thoughts: imperialism in the philosophy of John Stuart Mill" (PDF). Review of International Studies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Cambridge University Press. 31 (3): 599–618. doi:10.1017/S0260210505006650. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
S2CID 146136371. Köchler, Hans (1981). The Principles of International Law and Human Rights. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
hanskoechler.com Köchler, Hans. (1990). "Democracy and Human Rights". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Studies in International Relations, XV. Vienna: International Progress Organization. Kohen, Ari (2007). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
In Defense of Human Rights: A Non-Religious Grounding in a Pluralistic World. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415420150 Landman, Todd (2006). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Studying Human Rights. Oxford and London: Routledge ISBN 0415326052 Light, Donald W. (2002). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
"A Conservative Call For Universal Access To Health Care". Penn Bioethics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
9 (4): 4–6. Littman, David (1999). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
"Universal Human Rights and 'Human Rights in Islam'". Midstream Magazine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Vol. 2, no. 2. pp. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
2–7. Maan, Bashir; McIntosh, Alastair (1999). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
"Interview with William Montgomery Watt" The Coracle Vol. 3 (No. 51) pp. 8–11. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Maret, Susan 2005. "‘Formats Are a Tool for the Quest for Truth’: HURIDOCS Human Rights Materials for Library and Human Rights Workers." Progressive Librarian, no. 26 (Winter): 33–39. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Mayer, Henry (2000). All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery. St Martin's Press. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
ISBN 0312253672. McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (ed) (2005). Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an: vol 1–5 Brill Publishing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
ISBN 978-9004147430 McLagan, Meg (2003) "Principles, Publicity, and Politics: Notes on Human Rights Media". American Anthropologist. Vol. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
105 (No. 3). pp. 605–612 Maddex, Robert L., ed. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
International encyclopedia of human rights: freedoms, abuses, and remedies (CQ Press, 2000). Möller, Hans-Georg. "How to distinguish friends from enemies: Human rights rhetoric and western mass media." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
in Technology and Cultural Values (U of Hawaii Press, 2003) pp. 209–221. Nathwani, Niraj (2003). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Rethinking Refugee Law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 9041120025. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Neier, Aryeh. The international human rights movement: a history (Princeton UP, 2012) Nickel, James (2010). "Human Rights". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2010 ed.). Paul, Ellen Frankel; Miller, Fred Dycus; Paul, Jeffrey (eds) (2001). Natural Law and Modern Moral Philosophy Cambridge University Press. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
ISBN 0521794609 Power, Samantha. A Problem from Hell": America and the Age of Genocide (Basic Books, 2013). Robertson, Arthur Henry; Merrills, John Graham (1996). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Human Rights in the World: An Introduction to the Study of the International Protection of Human Rights. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719049237. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Reyntjens, Filip. "Rwanda: progress or powder keg?." Journal of Democracy 26.3 (2015): 19–33. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Salevao, Lutisone (2005). Rule of Law, Legitimate Governance and Development in the Pacific. ANU E Press. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
ISBN 978-0731537211 Scott, C. (1989). "The Interdependence and Permeability of Human Rights Norms: Towards a Partial Fusion of the International Covenants on Human Rights". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Osgood Law Journal Vol. 27 Sepulveda, Magdalena; van Banning, Theo; Gudmundsdottir, Gudrun D.; Chamoun, Christine; van Genugten, Willem J.M. (2004). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Human Rights Reference Handbook (3rd ed.). University for Peace. ISBN 9977925186. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2011. Shaw, Malcolm (2008). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
International Law (6th ed.). Leiden: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-45559-9. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Shelton, Dinah. "Self-Determination in Regional Human Rights Law: From Kosovo to Cameroon." American Journal of International Law 105.1 (2011): 60–81 online. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Sills, David L. (1968, 1972) International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. MacMillan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Shellens, Max Salomon (1959). "Aristotle on Natural Law". Natural Law Forum. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
4 (1): 72–100. Sen, Amartya (1997). Human Rights and Asian Values. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
ISBN 0876411510. Shute, Stephen & Hurley, Susan (eds.). (1993). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
On Human Rights: The Oxford Amnesty Lectures. New York: BasicBooks. ISBN 046505224X Sobel, Meghan, and Karen McIntyre. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
"Journalists’ Perceptions of Human Rights Reporting in Rwanda." African Journalism Studies 39.3 (2018): 85–104. online Archived 7 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine Steiner, J. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
& Alston, Philip. (1996). International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 019825427X Straus, Scott, and Lars Waldorf, eds. Remaking Rwanda: State building and human rights after mass violence (Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2011). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Sunga, Lyal S. (1992) Individual Responsibility in International Law for Serious Human Rights Violations, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 0792314530 Tierney, Brian (1997). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
ISBN 0802848540 Tunick, Mark (2006). "Tolerant Imperialism: John Stuart Mill's Defense of British Rule in India". The Review of Politics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Cambridge University Press. 68 (4): 586–611. doi:10.1017/S0034670506000246. S2CID 144092745. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Ishay, Micheline, ed. The Human Rights Reader: Major Political Essays, Speeches, and Documents from Ancient Times to the Present (2nd ed. 2007) excerpt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights |
Graduate Outcomes is a statistical survey of graduates from higher education courses in the UK. The survey attempts to contact all recipients of higher education qualifications approximately 15 months after graduation. It aims to gather statistics on the employment and study activities of graduates, and their subjectiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_Outcomes |
The Graduate Outcomes survey replaces the former Destination of Leavers from Higher Education (DLHE) survey. Whereas the DLHE survey was undertaken by universities contacting their own graduates 6 months after graduation, the Graduate Outcomes survey is run centrally by HESA 15 months after graduation using contact det... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_Outcomes |
The survey takes the form of an online questionnaire distributed by email to graduates who gained a higher education qualification. Graduates are also contacted by telephone if they do not complete the online survey, or if a valid email address is not available.Universities and colleges who award higher education quali... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_Outcomes |
Test equating traditionally refers to the statistical process of determining comparable scores on different forms of an exam. It can be accomplished using either classical test theory or item response theory. In item response theory, equating is the process of placing scores from two or more parallel test forms onto a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equating |
When the tests are not parallel, the general process is called linking. It is the process of equating the units and origins of two scales on which the abilities of students have been estimated from results on different tests. The process is analogous to equating degrees Fahrenheit with degrees Celsius by converting mea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equating |
Suppose that Dick and Jane both take a test to become licensed in a certain profession. Because the high stakes (you get to practice the profession if you pass the test) may create a temptation to cheat, the organization that oversees the test creates two forms. If we know that Dick scored 60% on form A and Jane scored... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equating |
In item response theory, person "locations" (measures of some quality being assessed by a test) are estimated on an interval scale; i.e., locations are estimated in relation to a unit and origin. It is common in educational assessment to employ tests in order to assess different groups of students with the intention of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equating |
Vertical equating refers to the process of equating tests administered to groups of students with different abilities, such as students in different grades (years of schooling). Horizontal equating refers the equating of tests administered to groups with similar abilities; for example, two tests administered to student... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equating |
In terms of item response theory, equating is just a special case of the more general process of scaling, applicable when more than one test is used. In practice, though, scaling is often implemented separately for different tests and then the scales subsequently equated. A distinction is often made between two methods... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equating |
Common person equating involves the administration of two tests to a common group of persons. The mean and standard deviation of the scale locations of the groups on the two tests are equated using a linear transformation. Common item equating involves the use of a set of common items referred to as the anchor test emb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equating |
In classical test theory, mean equating simply adjusts the distribution of scores so that the mean of one form is comparable to the mean of the other form. While mean equating is attractive because of its simplicity, it lacks flexibility, namely accounting for the possibility that the standard deviations of the forms d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equating |
The Tucker and Levine Observed Score methods estimate the relationship between observed scores on the two forms, while the Levine True Score method estimates the relationship between true scores on the two forms.Equipercentile equating determines the equating relationship as one where a score could have an equivalent p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equating |
The equivalent spherical diameter of an irregularly shaped object is the diameter of a sphere of equivalent geometric, optical, electrical, aerodynamic or hydrodynamic behavior to that of the particle under investigation.The particle size of a perfectly smooth, spherical object can be accurately defined by a single par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_spherical_diameter |
For optical-based particle sizing methods such as microscopy or dynamic image analysis, the analysis is made on the projection of the three-dimensional object on a two-dimensional plane. The most commonly used methods for determining the equivalent spherical diameter from the particle’s projected outline are: The Feret... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_spherical_diameter |
The area-equivalent diameter DA, also termed circular-equivalent diameter, is the diameter of a sphere having the same projected area as the particle’s projection. Enabled by the introduction of digital image analysis, this corresponds to a direct measurement of the projection area by pixel counting.Since the particle’... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_spherical_diameter |
In sieve analysis, the particle size distribution of a granular material is assessed by letting the material pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size. In that case the equivalent spherical diameter corresponds to the equivalent sieve diameter, or the diameter of a sphere that just passes throu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_spherical_diameter |
Laser diffraction analysis is based on the observation that the angle of the light diffracted by a particle is inversely proportional to its size. Strictly speaking, the laser diffraction equivalent diameter is the diameter of a sphere yielding, on the same detector geometry, the same diffraction pattern as the particl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_spherical_diameter |
In this case, the cross-sectional area becomes nearly the same as that of a sphere with equal volume. In addition, the favored mean particle size for laser diffraction results is the D or De Brouckere mean diameter, which is typically applied to measurement techniques where the measured signal is proportional to the vo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_spherical_diameter |
Dynamic light scattering is based on the principle that light scattered by small particles (Rayleigh scattering) fluctuates as the particles undergo Brownian motion. The equivalent spherical diameter for the technique is termed hydrodynamic diameter (HDD). This corresponds to the diameter of a sphere with the same tran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_spherical_diameter |
Particle size analysis techniques based on gravitational or centrifugal sedimentation (e.g., hydrometer technique used for soil texture) are based on Stokes’ law, and consist in calculating the size of particles from the speed at which they settle in a liquid. In that case the equivalent spherical diameter is appropria... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_spherical_diameter |
Hydraulic diameter Index of sphericity Shape factor Sphericity Stokes radius == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_spherical_diameter |
The AASHO Road Test was a series of experiments carried out by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), to determine how traffic contributed to the deterioration of highway pavements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AASHO_Road_Test |
Officially, the Road Test was "...to study the performance of pavement structures of known thickness under moving loads of known magnitude and frequency." This study, carried out in the late 1950s in Ottawa, Illinois, is frequently quoted as a primary source of experimental data when vehicle wear to highways is conside... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AASHO_Road_Test |
The pavement structure within each loop was varied so that the interaction of vehicle loads and pavement structure could be investigated. Satellite studies were planned in other parts of the country so that climate and subgrade effects could be investigated, but were never carried out. The results from the AASHO road t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AASHO_Road_Test |
The 1993 version is still in widespread use in the United States. A new guide, originally planned for release in 2002 but as yet still under development, would be the first AASHTO pavement design guide not primarily based on the results of the AASHO Road Test. The AASHO road test introduced many concepts in pavement en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AASHO_Road_Test |
Unsurprisingly, the heavier vehicles reduced the serviceability in a much shorter time than light vehicles, and the oft-quoted figure, called the generalized fourth power law, that damage caused by vehicles is "related to the 4th power of their axle weight", is derived from this. The other direct result of the tests we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AASHO_Road_Test |
Since panel ratings are expensive, a substitute key parameter present serviceability index (PSI) was established. The PSI is based on data on the road's longitudinal roughness, patch work, rutting and cracking. Later studies have shown that PSI is mainly a fruit of unevenness, with a correlation of more than 90% betwee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AASHO_Road_Test |
Unevenness was measured with a mechanical profilograph, reporting a parameter called slope variance (SV). SV is the second spatial derivative of height. For a vehicle traveling at speed, SV is the exciting source to vertical acceleration; the second derivative in time domain of height. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AASHO_Road_Test |
This makes very good sense, since 1 – 80 Hz acceleration is the parameter used when relating human exposure from vibration to perceived discomfort in the current ISO 2631-1 (1997) standard. Thus, SV is physically linked to ride quality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AASHO_Road_Test |
While the study is now quite old, it is still frequently referenced, though critics point out that its data is only valid under the specific conditions of the test with regard to the time, place, environment, and material properties present during the test. Extrapolating the data to different situations has been "probl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AASHO_Road_Test |
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