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In a study conducted by Sherif, he discovered the power of crowds when he worked with experimenters who looked up in the middle of New York City. As the number of the precipitating group increased, the percentage of passers-by who looked up increased as well. Reciprocity is returning a favor. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
People are more likely to return a favor if they have a positive attitude towards the other party. Reciprocities also develop interdependence and societal bonds. Authority plays a role in attitude change in situations where there are superior-inferior relationships. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
We are more likely to become obedient to authorities when the authority's expertise is perceived as high and when we anticipate receiving rewards. A famous study that constitutes the difference in attitude change is the Milgram experiment, where people changed their attitude to "shocking their partner" more when they f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
The elaboration likelihood model is similar in concept to and shares many ideas with other dual processing models, such as the heuristic-systematic model of information processing. In the elaboration likelihood model, cognitive processing is the central route and affective/emotion processing is often associated with th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
Cognitive dissonance, a theory originally developed by Festinger (1957), is the idea that people experience a sense of guilt or uneasiness when two linked cognitions are inconsistent, such as when there are two conflicting attitudes about a topic, or inconsistencies between one's attitude and behavior on a certain topi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
Self-affirmation has been shown to reduce dissonance, however it is not always the mode of choice when trying to reduce dissonance. When multiple routes are available, it has been found that people prefer to reduce dissonance by directly altering their attitudes and behaviors rather than through self-affirmation. Peopl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
A simple example of cognitive dissonance resulting in attitude change would be when a heavy smoker learns that his sister died young from lung cancer due to heavy smoking as well, this individual experiences conflicting cognitions: the desire to smoke, and the knowledge that smoking could lead to death and a desire not... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
Carl Hovland and his band of persuasion researchers learned a great deal during World War 2 and later at Yale about the process of attitude change. High-credibility sources lead to more attitude change immediately following the communication act, but a sleeper effect occurs in which the source is forgotten after a peri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
The process of how people change their own attitudes has been studied for years. Belief rationalization has been recognized as an important aspect to understand this process. The stability of people's past attitudes can be influenced if they hold beliefs that are inconsistent with their own behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
The influence of past behavior on current attitudes is stable when little information conflicts with the behavior. Alternatively, people's attitudes may lean more radically toward the prior behavior if the conflict makes it difficult to ignore, and forces them to rationalize their past behavior.Attitudes are often rest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
Individuals need to resolve the conflict between their own behaviors and the subsequent beliefs. However, people usually align themselves with their attitudes and beliefs instead of their behaviors. More importantly, this process of resolving people's cognitive conflicts that emerges cuts across both self-perception an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
Human judgment is comparative in nature. Departing from identifying people's need to justify their own beliefs in the context of their own behaviors, psychologists also believe that people have the need to carefully evaluate new messages on the basis of whether these messages support or contradict with prior messages, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
More recent work in the area of persuasion has further explored this "comparative processing" from the perspective of focusing on comparing between different sets of information on one single issue or object instead of simply making comparisons among different issues or objects. As previous research demonstrated, analy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
People will simply construct a current judgment based on the new information or adjust the prior judgment when they are not able to retrieve the information from prior messages. The impact this comparative process can have on people's attitude change is mediated by changes in the strength of new information perceived b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_change |
Global art is terminology used to identify contemporary art produced after 1989. It was introduced to distinguish it from the term world art, which tends to refer to historical ethnographic objects in a museum. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_art |
The interviewer effect (also called interviewer variance or interviewer error) is the distortion of response to a personal or telephone interview which results from differential reactions to the social style and personality of interviewers or to their presentation of particular questions. The use of fixed-wording quest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interviewer_effect |
Whether black respondents are interviewed by white interviewers or black interviewers has a strong impact on their responses to both attitude questions and behavioral ones. In the latter case, for example, if black respondents are interviewed by black interviewers in pre-election surveys, they are more likely to actual... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interviewer_effect |
Black respondents in a survey of political knowledge, for example, get fewer correct answers to factual questions about politics when interviewed by white interviewers than when interviewed by black interviewers. This is consistent with the research literature on stereotype threat, which finds diminished test performan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interviewer_effect |
Relational-cultural theory, and by extension, relational-cultural therapy (RCT) stems from the work of Jean Baker Miller, M.D. Often, relational-cultural theory is aligned with the feminist and or multicultural movements in psychology. In fact, RCT embraces many social justice aspects from these movements. RCT was deve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational-cultural_therapy |
The Stone Center at Wellesley College and the Jean Baker Miller Training Institute are the hubs of RCT research and training and are perhaps best known for their Working Papers series, collective works that are continuously considered for review and reconsideration. As RCT was founded in strong feminist principles, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational-cultural_therapy |
Some current major relational-cultural theorists, writers, and practitioners include: Judith V. Jordan, Ph D, Amy Banks, MD, Maureen Walker, Ph D, Linda Hartling, Ph D, Sarah Sydelle Price, PCC, and Thelma Duffey, Ph D The consistent, primary focus of RCT is the primacy of relationships. That is, relationships are both... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational-cultural_therapy |
The CRP assumes that we all have a natural drive toward relationships, and in these relationships we long for acceptance. However, we come to believe that there are things about us that are unacceptable or unlovable. Thus, we choose to hide these things; we keep them out of our relationships. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational-cultural_therapy |
In the end, the connections we make with others are not as fulfilling and validating as they otherwise might have been. A primary goal of RCT is to create and maintain Mutually-Growth-Fostering Relationships, relationships in which both parties feel that they matter. In these healthy relationships, all of the involved ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational-cultural_therapy |
These include: 1) a desire to move into more relationships, because of how a good relational experience feels; 2) a sense of zest, or energy; 3) increased knowledge of oneself and the other person in the relationship; 4) a desire to take action both in the growth-fostering relationship and outside of it; 5) an overall ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational-cultural_therapy |
While there a number of specific challenges presented in the therapeutic relationship, RCT practitioners believe that their relationships with their clients can have a reasonably high degree of mutuality. Clinical experiences of mutuality include: the client's movement toward the awareness that she/he matters to the th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational-cultural_therapy |
Tripartism is an economic system of neo-corporatism based on a mixed economy and tripartite contracts between employers' organizations, trade unions, and the government of a country. Each is to act as a social partner to create economic policy through cooperation, consultation, negotiation, and compromise. In Tripartis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartism |
Tripartism is a prominent economic policy in Europe, particularly where Christian Democratic parties influenced by Catholic social teaching have held power; it is a core part of the Nordic model seen in the economic systems of Scandinavia and the Benelux that were put in place by social democratic governments. An examp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartism |
The International Labor Organization is the only United Nations agency that is based on tripartism. It uses the discussions between the three groups in drafting of standards and conventions. Also for the implementation of ILO-standards in national law tripartite consultations on a national level are a requirement for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartism |
Some countries have already used a tripartite structure to deal with social issues at the end of 19th century. And World War I made this type of approach far more urgent. In this new kind of conflict, military success was tightly bound up with the ability of nations to support increasing demands on their economies and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartism |
During the war, Allied countries had made many promises to trade unions and employers so that they could rely on business' contribution to the war effort. Trade union and employers were invited to sit on governmental bodies in Great Britain, the United States and elsewhere. Moreover, unions were asked to forego acquire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartism |
The first draft of the labour proposals for the peace conference had been prepared by British Government and became the basis for the discussions in the Labour Commission, and these proposals included the establishment of an international organization for labour legislation that would give a voting role to representati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartism |
The implications of tripartism in the ILO are manifold. To put it simply, the participation in the ILO deliberations of delegates directly representing the interest of workers and employers adds a connection with economic reality that cannot be reproduced in an organization where governments are the only spokespersons.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartism |
On the other hand, employers frequently play the role of the “brake” on initiatives put forward both by the workers and the Office and its Director-General, to slow action they consider hasty, or which would work against the perceived interest of business. The ILO is valuable for both workers and employers because of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartism |
As the ILO's Committee on Freedom of Association put it, "the right conferred upon workers' and employers' organizations must be based on respect for those civil liberties which have been enunciated in particular in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the absence of these civil liberties removes all meaning from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartism |
The challenge for the ILO and its constituents is to adapt the tripartite model to a globalizing world, where there are new actors operating outside national frameworks and increasingly diverse forms of voice and representation. Some measures of accommodation have been found, for instance involving cooperation with NGO... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartism |
The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the secondary sector (manufacturing). The tertiary sector consists of the provision of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy |
The tertiary sector involves the provision of services to other businesses as well as to final consumers. Services may involve the transport, distribution and sale of goods from a producer to a consumer, as may happen in wholesaling and retailing, pest control or entertainment. The goods may be transformed in the proce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy |
It is sometimes hard to determine whether a given company is part of the secondary or the tertiary sector. It is not only companies that have been classified as part of a sector in some schemes, since governments and their services (such as the police or military), as well as nonprofit organizations (such as charities ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy |
For the last 100 years, there has been a substantial shift from the primary and secondary sectors to the tertiary sector in industrialized countries. This shift is called tertiarisation. The tertiary sector is now the largest sector of the economy in the Western world, and is also the fastest-growing sector. In examini... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy |
These are not necessarily busboys and live-in maids. Numerous of them are in the skilled category. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy |
They are earning as much as manufacturing employees, and often more. Economies tend to follow a developmental progression that takes them from heavy reliance on agriculture and mining, toward the development of manufacturing (e.g. automobiles, textiles, shipbuilding, steel) and finally toward a more service-based struc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy |
The speed at which other economies have made the transition to service-based (or "post-industrial") economies has increased over time. Historically, manufacturing tended to be more open to international trade and competition than services. However, with dramatic cost reduction and speed and reliability improvements in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy |
Service providers face obstacles selling services that goods-sellers rarely face. Services are intangible, making it difficult for potential customers to understand what they will receive and what value it will hold for them. Indeed, some, such as consultants and providers of investment services, offer no guarantees of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy |
Whereas a manufacturer may use technology, simplification, and other techniques to lower the cost of goods sold, the service provider often faces an unrelenting pattern of increasing costs. Product differentiation is often difficult. For example, how does one choose one investment adviser over another, since they are o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy |
Examples of tertiary industries may include: Mass media Entertainment Broadcasting Telecommunication Hospitality industry/tourism Healthcare/hospitals Public health Pharmacy Information technology Waste disposal Consulting Gambling Retail sales Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) Franchising Real estate Education Financi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy |
Below is a list of countries by service output at market exchange rates in 2016: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy |
Critique of Economic Reason is a 1989 book by the French philosopher André Gorz. The book is a comprehensive examination of the assumptions and values underlying the dominant economic ideologies of the modern world, and a call for a reevaluation of the way we think about social life. The book is also a critique of work... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_Economic_Reason |
Gorz begins by arguing that the dominant economic theories of the 20th century, including neoliberalism and classical liberalism, are based on the assumption that human beings are motivated solely by self-interest and the desire for material wealth. This, he argues, is a fundamentally flawed and incomplete understandin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_Economic_Reason |
Gorz's arguments have been widely debated and discussed in the academic literature. David McNally contended that Gorz's analysis offers a much-needed alternative to the dominant neoliberal ideology and provides a valuable perspective on the limitations of market-based solutions.Some scholars have focused on specific as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_Economic_Reason |
Electrical injury is a physiological reaction caused by electric current passing through the body. The injury depends on the density of the current, tissue resistance and duration of contact. Very small currents may be imperceptible or produce a light tingling sensation. A shock caused by low and otherwise harmless cur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Stronger currents may cause some degree of discomfort or pain, while more intense currents may induce involuntary muscle contractions, preventing the person from breaking free of the source of electricity. Still larger currents result in tissue damage and may trigger ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest. Conseque... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
If death results from an electric shock the cause of death is generally referred to as electrocution. Electric injury occurs upon contact of a body part with electricity that causes a sufficient current to pass through the person's tissue. Contact with energized wiring or devices is the most common cause. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
In cases of exposure to high voltages, such as on a power transmission tower, direct contact may not be necessary as the voltage may "jump" the air gap to the electrical device. Following an electrical injury from household current, if a person has no symptoms, no underlying heart problems, and is not pregnant further ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Heating due to resistance can cause extensive and deep burns. When applied to the hand, electricity can cause involuntary muscle contraction, producing the "no-let-go" phenomenon, and increasing the risk for serious burns. Voltage levels of 500 to 1000 volts tend to cause internal burns due to the large energy (which i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
A domestic power supply voltage (110 or 230 V), 50 or 60 Hz alternating current (AC) through the chest for a duration longer than one second may induce ventricular fibrillation at currents as low as 30 milliamperes (mA). With direct current (DC), 90 to 130 mA are required at the same duration. If the current has a dire... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
If not immediately treated by defibrillation, ventricular fibrillation is usually lethal, causing cardiac arrest, because all of the heart muscle fibres move independently instead of in the coordinated action needed for successful cardiac cycle to pump blood and maintain circulation. Above 200 mA, tetanic muscle contra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
DC shocks of short duration are usually better tolerated by the heart even at high currents and rarely induce ventricular fibrillation compared to contacts with longer duration DC or AC. The amount of current can easily reach very high values as amperage is only of second order importance to fibrillation risk in the ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias induced by electricity is not fully understood, but various biopsies have shown arrhythmogenic foci in patchy myocardial fibrosis which contained increased amount of Na+ and K+ pumps, possibly associated with transient and localized changes in sodium-potassium transport as well as their... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Electric current can cause interference with nervous control, especially over the heart and lungs. Electric shock which does not lead to death has been shown to cause neuropathy in some cases at the site where the current entered the body. The neurologic symptoms of electrical injury may occur immediately, which tradit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
There are a variety of psychiatric effects that may occur as a result of electrical injuries. Behavioral changes can occur as well, even if the path of electric current did not proceed through the head. Symptoms may include: Depression, including feelings of low self-esteem and guilt Anxiety spectrum disorders, includi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
OSHA found that up to 80 percent of its electrical injuries involve thermal burns due to arcing faults. The arc flash in an electrical fault produces the same type of light radiation from which electric welders protect themselves using face shields with dark glass, heavy leather gloves, and full-coverage clothing. The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
The minimum current a human can feel depends on the current type (AC or DC) as well as frequency for AC. A person can sense electric current as low as 1 mA (rms) for 60 Hz AC and as low as 5 mA for DC. At around 10 mA, AC current passing through the arm of a 68-kilogram (150 lb) human can cause powerful muscle contract... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
The current may, if it is high enough, cause tissue damage or fibrillation which can cause cardiac arrest; more than 30 mA of AC (rms, 60 Hz) or 300–500 mA of DC at high voltage can cause fibrillation. A sustained electric shock from AC at 120 V, 60 Hz is an especially dangerous source of ventricular fibrillation becau... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
If the voltage is less than 200 V, then the human skin, more precisely the stratum corneum, is the main contributor to the impedance of the body in the case of a macroshock—the passing of current between two contact points on the skin. The characteristics of the skin are non-linear however. If the voltage is above 450–... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
The protection offered by the skin is lowered by perspiration, and this is accelerated if electricity causes muscles to contract above the let-go threshold for a sustained period of time.If an electrical circuit is established by electrodes introduced in the body, bypassing the skin, then the potential for lethality is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
The voltage necessary for electrocution depends on the current through the body and the duration of the current. Ohm's law states that the current drawn depends on the resistance of the body. The resistance of human skin varies from person to person and fluctuates between different times of day. The NIOSH states "Under... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
The voltage-current characteristic of human skin is non-linear and depends on many factors such as intensity, duration, history, and frequency of the electrical stimulus. Sweat gland activity, temperature, and individual variation also influence the voltage-current characteristic of skin. In addition to non-linearity, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Resistance measurements made at low voltage using a standard ohmmeter do not accurately represent the impedance of human skin over a significant range of conditions. For sinusoidal electrical stimulation less than 10 volts, the skin voltage-current characteristic is quasilinear. Over time, electrical characteristics ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
The time required varies from seconds to minutes, depending on stimulus, electrode placement, and individual characteristics. Between 10 volts and about 30 volts, skin exhibits non-linear but symmetric electrical characteristics. Above 20 volts, electrical characteristics are both non-linear and symmetric. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Skin conductance can increase by several orders of magnitude in milliseconds. This should not be confused with dielectric breakdown, which occurs at hundreds of volts. For these reasons, current flow cannot be accurately calculated by simply applying Ohm's law using a fixed resistance model. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Macroshock: Current across intact skin and through the body. Current from arm to arm, or between an arm and a foot, is likely to traverse the heart, therefore it is much more dangerous than current between a leg and the ground. This type of shock by definition must pass into the body through the skin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Microshock: Very small current source with a pathway directly connected to the heart tissue. The shock is required to be administered from inside the skin, directly to the heart i.e. a pacemaker lead, or a guide wire, conductive catheter etc. connected to a source of current. This is a largely theoretical hazard as mod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
The earliest usage of the term "electrocution" cited by the Oxford English Dictionary was an 1889 newspaper reference to the method of execution then being considered. Shortly thereafter, in 1892, the term was used in Science to refer generically to death or injury caused by electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
The lethality of an electric shock is dependent on several variables: Current. The higher the current, the more likely it is lethal. Since current is proportional to voltage when resistance is fixed (ohm's law), high voltage is an indirect risk for producing higher currents. Duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
The longer the duration, the more likely it is lethal—safety switches may limit time of current flow. Short high current pulses as from capacitors are usually less dangerous as longer lasting low current shocks. Pathway. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
If current flows through the heart muscle, it is more likely to be lethal. High voltage (over about 600 volts). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
In addition to greater current flow, high voltage may cause dielectric breakdown at the skin, thus lowering skin resistance and allowing further increased current flow. Medical implants. Artificial cardiac pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) are sensitive to very small currents. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Pre-existing medical condition. Age, body mass and health status.Other issues affecting lethality are frequency, which is an issue in causing cardiac arrest or muscular spasms. Very high frequency electric current causes tissue burning, but do not stimulate the nerves strongly enough to cause cardiac arrest (see electr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Also important is the pathway: if the current passes through the chest or head, there is an increased chance of death. From a main circuit or power distribution panel the damage is more likely to be internal, leading to cardiac arrest. Another factor is that cardiac tissue has a chronaxie (response time) of about 3 mil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
The comparison between the dangers of alternating current at typical power transmission frequences (i.e., 50 or 60 Hz), and direct current has been a subject of debate ever since the war of the currents in the 1880s. Animal experiments conducted during this time suggested that alternating current was about twice as dan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Assuming a steady current flow (as opposed to a shock from a capacitor or from static electricity), shocks above 2,700 volts are often fatal, with those above 11,000 volts being usually fatal, though exceptional cases have been noted. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, seventeen-year-old Brian Latasa surv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
The shock with the highest voltage reported survived was that of Harry F. McGrew, who came in contact with a 340,000 volt transmission line in Huntington Canyon, Utah.The severity and lethality of an electric shock also depend on time and frequency of the current flow passing through the human body. For example a high ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Research shows that for very short electric pulse durations below 1 ms the threshold curve converges into a linear, constant charge criterion for muscle and nerve stimulation including the heart and the brain. Heating is primarily determined by the amount of energy. These principles have been defined in IEC 60479-2, in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Grounding the electrical enclosure of high-voltage machinery Use of insulated gloves, insulated boots, mats and tools Protecting electrical circuit with a residual-current device (RCD) Following the five rules of electrical safety | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
There were 550 reported electrocutions in the US in 1993, 2.1 deaths per million inhabitants. At that time, the incidence of electrocutions was decreasing. Electrocutions in the workplace make up the majority of these fatalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
From 1980–1992, an average of 411 workers were killed each year by electrocution. Workplace deaths caused by exposure to electricity in the U.S. increased by nearly 24% between 2015 and 2019, from 134 to 166. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
However, workplace electrical injuries dropped 23% between 2015 and 2019 from 2,480 to 1,900. In 2019, the top 5 states with the most workplace electrical fatalities were: (1) Texas (608); (2) California (451); (3) Florida (306); (4) New York (273); and (5) Georgia (207).A recent study conducted by the National Coroner... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Electrical injury can lead to problems with neurocognitive function, affecting speed of mental processing, attention, concentration, and memory. The high frequency of psychological problems is well established and may be multifactorial. As with any traumatic and life-threatening experience, electrical injury may result... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Electric shock is also used as a medical therapy, under carefully controlled conditions: Electroconvulsive therapy or ECT, a psychiatric therapy for mental disorders As a surgical tool for cutting or coagulation in electrosurgery. An electrosurgical unit (ESU) uses high currents (e.g. 10 amperes) at high frequency (e.g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Mild electric shocks are also used for entertainment, especially as a practical joke for example in such devices as a shocking pen or a shocking gum. However devices such as a joy buzzer and most other machines in amusement parks today only use vibration that feels somewhat like an electric shock to someone not expecti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Electroshock weapons are incapacitant weapons used for subduing a person by administering electric shock to disrupt superficial muscle functions. One type is a conductive energy device (CED), an electroshock gun popularly known by the brand name "Taser", which fires projectiles that administer the shock through a thin,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Electric fences are barriers that use electric shocks to deter animals or people from crossing a boundary. The voltage of the shock may have effects ranging from uncomfortable, to painful or even lethal. Most electric fencing is used today for agricultural fencing and other forms of animal control purposes, though it i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Electric shocks are used as a method of torture, since the received voltage and current can be controlled with precision and used to cause pain and fear without always visibly harming the victim's body. Electrical torture has been used in war and by repressive regimes since the 1930s. The United States Army is known to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Amnesty International published a statement that Russian military forces in Chechnya tortured local women with electric shocks by attaching wires onto their breasts.The parrilla (Spanish for 'grill') is a method of torture whereby the victim is strapped to a metal frame and subjected to electric shock. It has been used... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Electric shock delivered by an electric chair is sometimes used as an official means of capital punishment in the United States, although its use has become rare from the 1990s onward due to the adoption of lethal injection. Although some original proponents of the electric chair considered it to be a more humane execu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Other than in parts of the United States, only the Philippines reportedly has used this method, from 1926 to 1976. It was intermittently replaced by the firing squad, until the death penalty was abolished in that country. Electrocution remains legal in at least 4 states (Florida, Alabama, North Carolina and Kentucky) o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Reilly, J. Patrick (1998). Applied Bioelectricity: From Electrical Stimulation to Electropathology (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-98407-0. LCCN 97048860. OCLC 38067651. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_injury |
Gebir is a long poem by the English writer Walter Savage Landor. The poem was first published anonymously in English in July 1798, before being revised and republished in 1803, in dual, separate Latin and English editions.The main subject matter of the poem concerns an Iberian ruler named Gebir, who invades Egypt, wher... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebir_(poem) |
When he was twenty-two years old, Landor was living in South Wales. In the latter part of 1796, his friend Rose Aylmer loaned him a copy of The Progress of Romance (1785) by Clara Reeve, which Aylmer had gotten from the Swansea Circulating Library. This book included "The History of Charoba, Queen of Ægypt," a tale tak... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebir_(poem) |
After having written a portion of the poem, Landor inadvertently left the manuscript behind in North Wales "on returning from a grouse-shooting expedition on the moors above Bala—where he was possibly a guest of the Price family at Rhiwlas—and 'many months' elapsed before it was forwarded to him at Swansea”. This circu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebir_(poem) |
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