text stringlengths 9 3.55k | source stringlengths 31 280 |
|---|---|
He was registered as an architect in Queensland in 1929 and opened his own practice in Maryborough in 1938. Boden also served in the Second World War as the architect for USA forces in Townsville.The firm of Zero Ziegler was founded in Bundaberg in 1902 as Ziegler and Sons. They provided many memorials throughout South... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundaberg_War_Nurses_Memorial |
The memorials erected in its wake became our first national monuments, recording the devastating impact of the war on a young nation. Australia lost 60,000 from a population of about 4 million, representing one in five of those who served. No previous or subsequent war has made such an impact on the nation.Even before ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundaberg_War_Nurses_Memorial |
To those who erected them, they were as sacred as grave sites, substitute graves for the Australians whose bodies lay in battlefield cemeteries in Europe and the Middle East. British policy decreed that the Empire war dead were to be buried where they fell. The word "cenotaph", commonly applied to war memorials at the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundaberg_War_Nurses_Memorial |
Australians were proud that their first great national army, unlike other belligerent armies, was composed entirely of volunteers, men worthy of honour whether or not they made the supreme sacrifice. Many memorials honour all who served from a locality, not just the dead, providing valuable evidence of community involv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundaberg_War_Nurses_Memorial |
The Memorial Pavilion is situated in a triangular shaped park planted with palm trees opposite the Bundaberg Base Hospital. The park is at the junction of two main streets in Bundaberg with the pavilion facing the corner.The pavilion itself is approximately 7 metres (23 ft) long and 4 metres (13 ft) wide and has white ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundaberg_War_Nurses_Memorial |
High on the exterior wall of the southern face is bronze lettering explaining the purpose of the pavilion.Internally, the pavilion has a concrete floor with two timber and iron park benches in the centre. Leaded marble plaques are located at the top of the interior walls. The first is an honour roll which lists the nam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundaberg_War_Nurses_Memorial |
Bundaberg War Nurses Memorial was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. War memorials are important in demonstrating the pattern of Queensland's history as they are r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundaberg_War_Nurses_Memorial |
This particular memorial is rare as the only war nurses memorial, other than honour boards, in Queensland and the only known one in Australia. It is also an uncommon example of a memorial still situated in its intact setting.The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundaberg_War_Nurses_Memorial |
Erected in 1949, the memorial at Bundaberg demonstrates the principal characteristics of a commemorative structure erected as an enduring record of a major historical event. This is achieved through the use of appropriate materials and design elements.The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. The me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundaberg_War_Nurses_Memorial |
This Wikipedia article was originally based on "The Queensland heritage register" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by the State ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundaberg_War_Nurses_Memorial |
The Escala Initiative now operates the programs of the Sustainable Preservation Initiative. It is focused on helping women entrepreneurs in developing countries build a better future for themselves, their families, and their communities. Through its 10-month formalized Business School and Capacity Building Program, ESC... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Preservation_Initiative |
All of the students have either started their own small business or plan to do so while enrolled in the program. They are engaged in a variety of industries such as textiles, food, and tourism. ESCALA presently works in Peru, Mexico, Tanzania, and Guatemala. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Preservation_Initiative |
SPI had focused its program around archaeological sites, but Escala has now expanded them to women and other marginalized entrepreneurs more broadly. According to Felix Salmon of Reuters, the program was about taking archaeological sites "in poor countries and making them generate cash for the locals — thereby giving t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Preservation_Initiative |
In a recent report, the Milken Institute called for the adoption of this model by the state of Israel in order to better protect that country's cultural heritage. Handeye Magazine, an international publication dedicated to culture and commerce, cites the organization as one that "continues to put 'people, not stones' a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Preservation_Initiative |
Chemical coloring of metals is the process of changing the color of metal surfaces with different chemical solutions. The chemical coloring of metals can be split into three types: electroplating – coating the metal surface with another metal using electrolysis. patination – chemically reacting the metal surface to for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
The processes of chemical coloring of metals are as old as metalworking technology. Some of the earliest-known examples of colored metal objects are about 5,000 years old. They are bronze casts with some silver-colored parts, which originate from the Anatolian region. Similar processes can be found on some ancient Egyp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Another example of early chemical coloring of metals is the Nebra sky disk, which has a green patina and gold inlays. An early example of black colored iron is the famous Celtic spearhead found in the River Thames and dated between 200 and 50 BC.Pliny the Elder mentioned the distinction between naturally occurring and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Two important sources from the Middle Ages on chemically colored metals are the Mappae clavicula, which was dated between the 9th and 12th centuries, and Theophilus Presbyter's work De Diversis Artibus, which was dated to the 12th century. At the time of the Renaissance, the most significant documents were the Treatise... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
André Felibien also briefly mentions some techniques for patination of bronze sculptures in his work Principes in 1699.The beginning of modern science-based chemical or electrochemical coloring of metals is marked by Leopoldo Nobili's (1784–1835) discovery of Nobilis colored rings in 1826. Leonhard Elsner, Alexander Wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
George Richards Elkington (1801–1865), known for his patent for the electroplating of silver and gold (1840), had patented at least one electrochemical metal coloring process ( his procedure was further elaborated and perfected by the American J.E. Stareck 1937. ). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
In the 19th century, the first manuals dedicated exclusively to the chemical coloring of metals were published. In 1868, Puscher reported on the application of multicolored or lustre patina based on sodium thiosulphate and lead acetate for the first time.Since the end of the 18th century, chemical coloring of metals ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
For example, around 1905, the first patents for black nickel (German patents DRP 183972 and DRP 201663) and black oxide (circa 1915–1922, German patents DRP 292603, DRP 357198, DRP 368548) were made. Between 1923 and 1927, the first UK patents relating to oxidised aluminium were published., and black chromium was devel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Technologies for anodic oxidation of titanium, and later niobium and tantalum, have evolved since the mid-1960s. Technology for the anodic oxidation of stainless steel was developed too in 1957. (patent US 2957812A).Now, the possibilities of using bacterial cultures in the patination of copper and iron are being invest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Chemical coloring of metals is primarily used in the manufacture of sculptures, jewelry, badges, medals, and decorations. It is also used in architecture, metallography, in the manufacture of metal furniture, and for military purposes as well as decorative vessels. It is used in the restoration and conservation of meta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
The metal to color should be completely free from oxide and grease. Protective clothing, gloves and goggles should be used in a well-ventilated area or outdoors. Black for silver Items are immersed in a 2.5% solution of potassium or sodium sulfide, after the appearance of the color wash objects well and wax or varnish ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
If the amount of chlorides decreases the color will be more bluish-green if carbonate decreases more yellow-green.Black for copper Solution of sodium polysulfide 2.5%, items must be submerged in the solution after color developing, wash, dry and wax or varnish colored object.Brown for copper Items are boiled in at leas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
The color depends on the duration of immersion, the sequence of colors on brass: Golden yellow-copper-purple-dark, blue-light, blue-chrome-nickel-red-grey, blue, and gray-black to iron or carbon steel. Variant for tin and pewter: 250 g sodium thiosulphate, 60 g copper acetate, 25 mL acetone, 1 L water, 45-85 °C, 1–20 m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
The color depends on voltage. Many other electrolytes can be used—even Coca-Cola. Straw yellow / 10V – violet / 29 V – blue / 30 V – blue green 45 V – light green / 55 V – purple-red / 75 V – grey / 110 V. It is mandatory that this process must be performed wearing rubber gloves (potentially dangerous voltage! | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
).Various colors on stainless steel 18 Cr / 8 Ni 7.5 g of sodium dichromate, 1000 mL of sulfuric acid (1.24 g/cm3), lead cathodes, object as an anode, 70-90 °C temp, 0,06 A/dm2, voltage 1.3 V – colors depend on the duration of the procedure (5-50 min. ), brown, blue, reddish brown, yellow, green. According to Russian l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
According to one Chinese patent, treated objects can be then immersed in a hot diluted sodium silicate solution (1-5%,95-100 C,3-10 min.). Hexavalent chromates are carcinogenic and toxic, molybdate-based solutions are now being proposed as a substitute (for example molybdate 30-100g/H2SO4 10-18 g/manganese sulfate 0.5 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Hiorns, A. (1907). Metal Colouring and Bronzing. London: Macmillan and Co. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
OCLC 3757279. Kaup, W. J. (1914). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Metal Coloring and Finishing. New York City: Industrial Press. Field, S. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
(1925). The Chemical Coloring of Metals and Allied Processes. London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
OCLC 2922065. Fishlock, D. (1962). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Metal Colouring. Teddington: R. Draper. OCLC 3982659. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Hughes, R.; Rowe, M. (1991). The Colouring, Bronzing and Patination of Metals (3rd ed.). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 9780500015018. OCLC 24734412. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
LaNiece, S.; Craddock, P. (1993). Metal Plating and Patination: Cultural, Technical and Historical Developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 9780750616119. OCLC 27336439. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Young, R.D. (2000). Contemporary Patination (5th ed.). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Escondido: Sculpt-Nouveau. ISBN 9780960374410. Kipper, P. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
(2003). Pátinas for Silicon Bronze (2nd ed.). Loveland: Path Publications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
ISBN 9780964726901. OCLC 930605479. Sugimori, E. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
(2004). Japanese Patinas. Portland: Brynmorgen Press. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
ISBN 9781929565115. OCLC 62859653. Runfola, M. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
(2014). Patina: 300+ Coloration Effects for Jewelers & Metalsmiths. Loveland: Interveave Press. ISBN 9781620331392. OCLC 871436497. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_coloring_of_metals |
Verdurian (soa Sfahe, "the Speech") is a constructed language created by Mark Rosenfelder, first published in 1995 and hosted at his website, Zompist.com. Verdurian is a fictional language, which in Rosenfelder's constructed world is spoken in the nation of Verduria, on the planet Almea.Verdurian is the most-developed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdurian_language |
Verdurian's phonology has eight vowels and twenty-one consonants. Among the most exotic of its sounds is the voiced uvular fricative (ʁ), which is transcribed as an R with a háček over it (Ř, ř). Verdurian also has its own alphabet. Verdurian has SVO word order, fusional morphology, and accusative morphosyntactic align... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdurian_language |
The Verdurian alphabet is used to write several languages of the Cadhinorian Plain on the world of Almea, most notably Verdurian, but also (with some supplemental characters) Caizu, Kebreni, Ismaîn, Sarroc, and Flaidish. It derives from the ancient Cadhinorian alphabet (equivalent to the Verdurian capital letters), and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdurian_language |
When Rosenfelder was a freshman in college, his dorm was next to that of a Dungeons & Dragons aficionado, one Chris Vargas. Vargas introduced Rosenfelder to the game, and Rosenfelder created the wilderness and also the languages for the game. All the players in Vargas and Rosenfelder's Dungeons & Dragons group were giv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdurian_language |
Many of the words were inspired directly by French or Russian. Others, such as "elir" for life, were a priori coinages by Rosenfelder. There are also words based on political humor, e.g. 'fanaticism' is sunmünmún and 'terror' is arhafát. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdurian_language |
In Rosenfelder's Almean universe, Verdurian is spoken by about 55 million people in the kingdom of Verduria, as well as nations nearby in Almea's Cadhinorian plain. Verdurian is a member of the Eastern language phylum. This derives from a proto-language called proto-Eastern, spoken by invaders of the Cadhinorian and Xu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdurian_language |
Cadhinorians picked up civilization from Cuzeians (who left behind such works as the Count of Years, showing the clear influence of Tolkien). The Cadhinorians spoke a classical language called Cadhinorian (its relationship to Verdurian is analogous to that of Latin to Spanish). After the fall of the Cadhinorian Empire,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdurian_language |
Out of all the languages of Almea, Verdurian is not only the best-developed but the most popular. Rosenfelder has translated texts from other languages into Verdurian and also published short stories and a newspaper in the language. He has also started a Verdurian course due to the requests of Verdurian aficionados, an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdurian_language |
Verdurian makes an appearance in the novel Gaits of Heaven, one of Susan Conant's "Dog Lover's Mysteries". The character Johanna does linguistic research with a feminist bent on grammatical gender "in Hebrew, Verdurian and various other languages in which verbs as well as nouns are masculine, feminine, or, in some inst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdurian_language |
Proše mižu: --Žaneno, tan satenam mážula er gorat, kiei finta attróue so syel er tan lažecom brac, pro dy řo ažlädam fne soa pera almea Ekaiei. – From the story of the Tower of Babel.Translation: Then they said: "Come, let us build a town and a tower, whose top will reach the heavens; and let us get ourselves glory, so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdurian_language |
So ailuro e arašó rizuec.Translation: The dog and the cat are friends. The dog laughs at the cat's jokes. The cat is quite amusing. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdurian_language |
A swather (North America), or windrower (Australia and rest of world), is a farm implement that cuts hay or small grain crops and forms them into a windrow for drying. They may be self-propelled with an engine, or drawn by a tractor and power take-off powered. A swather uses a reciprocating sickle bar or rotating discs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swather |
The reel helps cut crop fall neatly onto a canvas or auger conveyor which deposits it into a windrow with stems aligned and supported above the ground by the stubble.A swather does the same task for hay crops as hand scything, cradling and swathing, or mowing and raking. Horizontal rollers behind the cutters may be use... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swather |
Some modern crop varieties capable of rapid maturity have reduced the need for swathing grains even in the north.As well as accelerating drying of the ripe grain, windrowing the whole of the growing crop provides for a consistent ripening and dehydration of stalk and green weeds to assist in effective post threshing wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swather |
Persistent may refer to: Persistent data Persistent data structure Persistent identifier Persistent memory Persistent organic pollutant Persistent Systems, a technology company USS Persistent, three United States Navy ships | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent |
Nachlass (German pronunciation: , older spelling Nachlaß) is a German word, used in academia to describe the collection of manuscripts, notes, correspondence, and so on left behind when a scholar dies. The word is a compound in German: nach means "after", and the verb lassen means "to leave". The plural can be either N... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
The Nachlass of an important scholar is often placed in a research library or scholarly archive. Other workers in the scholar's area of specialization may obtain permission to comb through the Nachlass, seeking important unpublished scholarly contributions or biographical material. The content of a Nachlass can be cata... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
In such cases, it may not be financially possible to publish its entire contents. The Nachlass of Ludwig Wittgenstein, kept at the University of Bergen, has been digitized and published in compact disc format.Klagge and Nordmann note a conflict that faces an editor choosing what to publish draft material from a Nachlas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
Sometimes it is known what the original scholar's view was concerning what should be done with his or her Nachlass, and these views differ greatly. Near the end of his life Gottlob Frege wrote to his adopted son: Kleinen, 12 January 1925 Dear Alfred, Do not scorn my handwritten material. Even if all is not gold, there ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
See to it that nothing gets lost. With love, your father It is a large part of myself that I here bequeath to you. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
Frege's wishes probably went unfulfilled: his Nachlass, although duly archived in the library of the University of Münster, is believed to have been destroyed in 1945 by an Allied bombing raid during the Second World War. Even so, Frege's Nachlass survived in typewritten copies produced by Heinrich Scholz. The texts we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
The philosopher Edmund Husserl developed a strong commitment to his Nachlass (which included about 40,000 pages of sketches) during the last years of his life, allowing his colleagues to sort and classify it. Bernet, Kern, and Marbach suggest that because Husserl had difficulty in putting his thoughts into a definitive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
According to Lowe (1982), Whitehead "idealized youth and wanted young thinkers to develop their own ideas, not spend their best years on a Nachlass." Gilbert Ryle likewise disapproved of scholars spending their time editing a Nachlass. According to Anthony Palmer, he "hated the Nachlass industry and thought that he had... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
("One or two" papers (Palmer) did survive, however, and were published. )Henri Bergson's Nachlass was destroyed by his widow at his request. Lawlor and Moulard suggest that the destruction of Bergson's papers, by depriving later scholars of the stimulation of examining a Nachlass, actually affected his posthumous stand... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
Gottfried Leibniz (1646–1716) left a Nachlass which contains over 200,000 pages of works in philosophy, theology, history, mathematics, science, politics, and physics in seven languages and remains largely unpublished today. Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) left a Nachlass that surprised other mathematicians, as it rev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
Not only is it a moving experience to feel a bond with such an important figure in the history of mathematics, but the Nachlass still contains many unsolved mysteries, locked inside Riemann's illegible scribbles. It has become the Rosetta stone of mathematics. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) left a large Nachlass. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
From it, his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche and his friend Heinrich Köselitz, (aka Peter Gast) compiled the text they called The Will to Power. Nietzsche's Nachlass has been translated into many languages, and an English translation is being published by Stanford University Press. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) left a N... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
Robert Musil (1880–1942) has within his unfinished novel The Man Without Qualities a second volume, subtitled "Aus dem Nachlass", consisting primarily of miscellaneous notes and sketches, left incomplete at the time of Musil's death. This Nachlass, published posthumously by Musil's widow, is included in both the German... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
Use of the word in German is not limited to academic contexts. It is frequently used to refer to the entirety of a person's estate after they died, usually in the context of inheritance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachlass |
A sachet is a small scented cloth bag filled with herbs, potpourri, or aromatic ingredients.>. "small perfumed bag," 1838, from Fr. sachet (12c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachet |
), dim. of sac (see sac). A reborrowing of a word that had been used 15c. in the sense "small bag, wallet." A sachet is also a small porous bag or packet containing a material intended to interact with its atmosphere; for example, desiccants are usually packed in sachets which are then placed in larger packages. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachet |
During the Chinese Warring States period a scented sachet (xiangbao) was an ornament worn on the body and used to absorb sweat, repel insects and ward off evils. In medieval Europe the sachet was known as a "plague-bag".In various Indian cuisines, a "potli bag" is used to contain whole spices, so that they may be easil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachet |
Chlormadinone acetate (CMA), sold under the brand names Belara, Gynorelle, Lutéran, and Prostal among others, is a progestin and antiandrogen medication which is used in birth control pills to prevent pregnancy, as a component of menopausal hormone therapy, in the treatment of gynecological disorders, and in the treatm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
The drug is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It is also an antiandrogen, and hence is an antagonist of the androgen receptor, the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosteron... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
The medication has weak glucocorticoid activity and no other important hormonal activity.CMA was discovered in 1959 and was introduced for medical use in 1965. It may be considered a "first-generation" progestin. The medication was withdrawn in some countries in 1970 due to concerns about mammary toxicity observed in d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
CMA is used at a low dose in combination with ethinylestradiol (EE), an estrogen, in combined birth control pills. It has also been used in the treatment of gynecological conditions including vaginal bleeding, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea, and endometriosis and in Fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Dosages of CMA of 15 to 20 mg/day have been found to improve hot flashes. High-dose CMA-only tablets are used as a form of progestogen-only birth control, although they are not specifically licensed as such.CMA has been widely used as a means of androgen deprivation therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer and benig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Similarly to cyproterone acetate (CPA), CMA shows a lower risk of hot flashes than gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH analogues). The medication is the only other steroidal antiandrogen besides CPA that has been approved and used for the treatment of prostate cancer; megestrol acetate has also been research... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
It has been studied at moderate dosages of 4 to 12 mg/day in the treatment of precocious puberty in girls. It showed similar benefits as those of medroxyprogesterone acetate in these girls and was found to reduce, but not abolish premature development such as breast growth and menstruation. Only slight or no axillary h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
CMA is available in the form of oral tablets at low doses (2 mg) in combination with EE in birth control pills (e.g., as Belara in Germany and Brazil), at low to moderate doses (2, 5, 10, 25 mg) alone (e.g., as Lutéran in France and Lutoral in Mexico), and at high doses (50 mg) alone (e.g., as Prostal in Japan and Pros... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Contraindications of combined birth control pills, such as those containing EE and CMA, include known or suspected pregnancy, lactation and breastfeeding, a history of or known susceptibility to thromboembolism, cholestasis (but not liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis), and breast cancer among others. CMA is a teratog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
The most common side effects of birth control pills containing EE and low-dose CMA have been found to include menstrual abnormalities, headache (37%), nausea (23%), breast tenderness (22%), and vaginal discharge (19%) among others. These formulations do not adversely affect sexual desire or function in women and show l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Conversely, it does not share adverse effects of estrogens such as breast discomfort and gynecomastia. CMA does not increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. There is a case report of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis with CMA. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Similarly to other progestins but in contrast to progesterone, CMA has been found to significantly increase the risk of breast cancer when used in combination with an estrogen in menopausal hormone therapy. No abnormalities in liver function tests have been observed in women taking combined birth control pills containi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
This seems to be related to the lack of the C1α,2α methylene group of CPA in these steroids. A case of hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported in a woman taking a birth control pill containing CMA. However, the incidence of liver tumors in women in association with CMA-containing birth control pills appears to be si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
CMA has been studied in men with advanced prostate cancer at massive dosages of 1,000 to 2,000 mg/day orally and 100 to 500 mg/day via intramuscular injection, without serious adverse effects or toxicity described. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
As CMA does not inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes, it may have a lower risk of drug interactions than 19-nortestosterone progestins. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
CMA has progestogenic activity, antigonadotropic effects, antiandrogenic activity, and weak glucocorticoid activity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
CMA is a progestogen, or an agonist of the progesterone receptor. It is highly potent in its progestogenic activity, with about 330 times the potency of progesterone in the Clauberg test and about 2,000 to 10,000 times the oral potency of progesterone in the McPhail assay. For comparison, the potencies of medroxyproges... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
The progestogenic activity of CMA is responsible for its functional antigonadotropic and antiestrogenic effects and for its contraceptive effects. The oral ovulation-inhibiting dosage of CMA in women is 1.5 to 4 mg/day and its endometrial transformation dosage is 25 mg/cycle. In one study of ovulation inhibition, CMA w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Due to its progestogenic activity, CMA has antigonadotropic effects, and hence can inhibit the secretion of the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. As a result, CMA suppresses ovulation and gonadal sex hormone production and can strongly decrease circu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
CMA is a potent antiandrogen, or antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR), with about 30 to 40% of the affinity of CPA for the receptor and about 20% of the antiandrogenic potency of CPA in animals. Like other progestins with antiandrogenic activity such as CPA, megestrol acetate, and spironolactone, but unlike nonster... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Similarly to other 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives such as CPA, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and megestrol acetate, CMA has weak affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor (comparable to that of progesterone) and weak glucocorticoid activity, and has the potential to cause adrenal insufficiency upon abrupt discontinu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.