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Unlike progesterone but similarly to other progestins, CMA has no known neurosteroid activity (e.g., GABAA receptor modulation) or sedative effects.CMA has been reported to be a competitive inhibitor of 5α-reductase. However, it seems to shows very low potency in this action, with 0.0% inhibition of the enzyme at a con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Unlike 19-nortestosterone progestins, CMA does not inhibit enzymes in the cytochrome P450 system, which may give it a lower risk of drug interactions.Certain progestins have been found to stimulate the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro, an action that is independent of the classical PRs and is instead... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
The oral bioavailability of CMA is 100%, which is due to low first-pass metabolism. In combination with 30 μg EE, a single 2 mg oral dose of CMA produced maximal serum levels of 1.6 ng/mL after about 1 to 2 hours and chronic administration produced steady-state levels of 2.0 ng/mL. Steady-state concentrations of CMA ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
The medication is highly lipophilic and is taken up into and accumulated in fat and some female reproductive tissues, although this may only occur at high dosages (e.g., ≥10 mg/day). The volume of distribution of CMA is unknown, but that of the closely related steroid CPA is very large at 1,300 L. The plasma protein bi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Reduction occurs at the C3 ketone with preservation of the δ4(5) double bond, hydroxylation is at the C2α, C3α, C3β, and C15β positions, and conjugation includes glucuronidation and sulfation. The main metabolites of CMA are 2α-OH-CMA, 3α-OH-CMA, and 3β-OH-CMA, with the latter two being important active metabolites. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Other metabolites of CMA are inactive. The elimination half-life of CMA has been reported to be 25 to 34 hours after a single dose and 34 to 39 hours after multiple doses, although some publications have reported its half-life to be as long as 80 to 89 hours. Enterohepatic reabsorption of CMA occurs. The medication has... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
CMA, also known as 17α-acetoxy-6-chloro-6-dehydroprogesterone or as 17α-acetoxy-6-chloropregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, is a synthetic pregnane steroid and derivative of progesterone. It is specifically a derivative of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone with a chlorine atom at the C6 position, a double bond between the C6 and C7 pos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Chemical syntheses of CMA have been published. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
CMA was discovered and first described in 1959. It was marketed in combination with mestranol by Eli Lilly under the brand name C-Quens from 1965 to 1971 in the United States. It was the first sequential contraceptive pill to be introduced in the U.S. CMA has also been marketed in combination with mestranol under the b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Due to findings of mammary gland nodules in beagle dogs (see below), C-Quens was voluntarily withdrawn from the U.S. market by Eli Lilly in 1971 and all oral contraceptives of CMA were discontinued in the U.S. by 1972. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
However, subsequent research found that there is no such risk in humans, and CMA has continued to be widely used in oral contraceptives in many other countries, such as Germany and China. The antiandrogenic activity of CMA was first described in 1966, and the medication was subsequently developed for use alone at high ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
The doses administered that caused the nodules were 10 or 25 times the recommended human dosage for an extended period of time (2–4 years), while no tumors were found in dogs treated with 1–2 times the human dosage. In addition to CMA, mammary tumors were found in dogs with various other 17α-hydroxyprogesterone derivat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
In any case, according to Hughes et al., "It is still doubtful how much relevance these findings have for humans as the dog mammary gland seems to be the only one which can be directly maintained by progestogens." Subsequent research revealed species differences between dogs and humans and established that there is no ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Chlormadinone acetate is the generic name of the drug and its INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name, BANTooltip British Approved Name, and JANTooltip Japanese Approved Name. It is also known by its developmental code name RS-1280. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
CMA has been marketed under a variety of brand names throughout the world including Clordion, Gestafortin, Gestogan, Lormin, Lutéran, Lutoral, Menstridyl, Non-Ovlon, Normenon, Prococyd, Progestormon, Prostal, Synchrogest, Verton, and many others. It is most commonly marketed in combination with EE as a combined birth c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
CMA is available alone at low, moderate, and/or high doses in France (brand name Lutéran), Germany (generics, and formerly Gestafortin), Japan (brand name Prostal), Mexico (brand name Lutoral), and South Korea (brand name Prostal-L). It is available in many countries in combination with EE, including throughout most of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
Progestins in birth control pills are sometimes grouped by generation. While the 19-nortestosterone progestins are consistently grouped into generations, the pregnane progestins used in birth control pills are typically omitted from such classifications or are grouped as "miscellaneous" or "pregnanes". In any case, bas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
In addition to its use in humans, CMA has been used in veterinary medicine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormadinone_acetate |
The consort kin (Chinese: 外戚; pinyin: wàiqì) were the kin or a group of people related to an empress dowager or a consort of a monarch or a warlord in the Sinosphere. The leading figure of the clan was either a (usually male) sibling, cousin, or parent of the empress dowager or consort. Consort kins can be seen as a ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
The Marquess of Shen – father of the king's consort Bao Si, his participation in a succession struggle led to the fall of the Western Zhou and beginning of the Spring and Autumn period: 10, 12 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Lü Clan – relatives of the Empress Lü Zhi, consort of Emperor Gaozu of Han: 97 Wei Qing – a younger paternal half-brother of the Empress Wei Zifu, consort of Emperor Wu of Han, one of the major military leaders of wars against the Xiongnu Huo Qubing – a nephew of Wei Qing and Wei Zifu, also an important general in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
He was involved in a power struggle with Huo Guang, and killed in 80 BCE after being accused of plotting a rebellion. Wang Mang – nephew of Empress Dowager Wang, cousin of Emperor Cheng of Han and dynastic usurper. Ma Yuan – father of Empress Ma, consort of Emperor Ming of Han, a major general of Emperor Guangwu of Han... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
However, Ma Yuan had passed away before Emperor Ming ascended the throne. Dou Xian – brother of Empress Dowager Dou and brother-in-law of Emperor Zhang of Han. Liang Ji – brother of Empress Dowager Liang and Empress Liang, deposed two emperors and later killed in a coup d'etat plotted by eunuchs against him. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Dou Wu – father of Empress Dowager Dou Miao and killed in his abortive coup d'etat against eunuchs. He Jin – brother of Empress Dowager He and killed after his plot against eunuchs was exposed Dong Cheng – father of Consort Dong of Emperor Xian of Han and known for his abortive coup d'etat with Liu Bei against Cao Cao.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Mi Fang, a brother of Lady Mi (Mi Furen) of Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of Shu Han. His betrayal of Shu Han partially led to its loss of Jing Province and the death of general Guan Yu. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Yang Jun – father-in-law of Emperor Wu of Jin China Yu Liang – brother of Empress Dowager Yu Chu Pou – father of Chu Suanzi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Dugu Xin, father of Queen Dugu, Empress Dugu and Duchess Dugu, respectively consorts of Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou, Emperor Wen of Sui and Li Bing (father of Emperor Gaozu of Tang). The only recorded consort kin of three imperial clans. Yang Jian, father of the last empress dowager. He later usurped the throne and f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Zhangsun Wuji — elder brother of Tang Taizong's empress. He was one official entrusted by Taizong to assist the young Tang Gaozong in governing the state. Wu Chengsi and Wu Sansi — nephews of Empress Wu Zetian Yang Guozhong — cousin of Yang Guifei, implicated in the An Lushan rebellion: 449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Fu Yanqing — influential military leader of Later Zhou, father of Empress Fu the Elder and Empress Fu the Younger, empresses consort of Chai Rong (Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou), and Princess Fu, consort of then–prince Zhao Guangyi (later Emperor Taizong of Song). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Jia Sidao – younger brother of Consort Jia, a favourite of Emperor Lizong | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Khongirad — the clan of Genghis Khan's wife Börte and Kublai Khan's wife Chabi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Songgotu — the paternal uncle of Empress Xiaochengren, Kangxi Emperor's consort. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Isobe clan Ōmiwa clan Mononobe clan Owari clan Katsuragi clan Ōtomo clan Soga clan — consort kin in the reigns of Emperor Suiko and Emperor Sushun Soga no Umako and Yamato no Aya no Koma — assassinated Emperor Sushun | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Fujiwara clan — consort kin in the reigns of emperors Kanmu, Saga, Montoku, Seiwa, Murakami, Reizei, En'yū, Ichijō, Sanjō, Go-Ichijō, Go-Suzaku, and Go-Reizei Fujiwara no Yoshifusa — father-in-law of Emperor Montoku Fujiwara no Kaneie — son-in-law of Emperor Murakami, father-in-law of three emperors, maternal grandfath... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Papyeong Yun clan — during the reigns of Kings Jungjong, Injong, & Myeongjong of Joseon Hong Gyeongju — father of Royal Noble Consort Huibin Hong of King Jungjong of Joseon Andong Kim clan — especially during the latter Joseon Dynasty Pungyang Jo clan Yeoheung Min clan — there is a Korean saying that "Joseon was founde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
Dương Tam Kha — Ngô Quyền's brother-in-law Lý Công Uẩn — Lê Hoàn's son-in-law Trần family — Lý Chiêu Hoàng's spousal family Hồ Quý Ly — maternal grandfather of Trần Thiếu Đế Mạc Đăng Dung — had his adopted daughter marry Lê Chiêu Tông Trịnh lords — consort kin of several Lê emperors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consort_kin |
A graveyard slot (or death slot) is a time period in which a television audience is very small compared to other times of the day, and therefore broadcast programming is considered far less important. Graveyard slots usually displayed in the early morning hours of each day, when most people are asleep. With little like... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Some broadcasters may do engineering work at this time. Others use broadcast automation to pass-through network feeds unattended, with only broadcasting authority-mandated personnel and emergency anchors/reporters present at the local station overnight. A few stations use "we're always on" or a variant to promote their... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
The most well-known graveyard slot in most parts of the world is the overnight television slot, after late night television and before breakfast television/morning show (between 2:00 and 6:00 a.m.). During this time slot, most people are asleep, leaving only insomniacs, intentionally nocturnal people, and irregular shi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
doubled from 1995 to 2010 (8% to 16%).Since the advent of home video recording, some programs in this slot may be transmitted mainly with time-shifting in mind; in the past, the BBC offered specialized overnight strands such as BBC Select (an often-encrypted block providing airtime for specialized professional programm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Live events from other time zones (most often sports) may sometimes fall in overnight slots, such as daytime events from the Asia-Pacific region on channels in the Americas, and prime-time events from the Americas on channels in Europe for example. Some anime-oriented streaming services (such as Crunchyroll) have arran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
In addition, the graveyard slots can also be used as dumping grounds for government-mandated public affairs programming, as well as in-house programming a station group is mandated by their parent company to carry that would otherwise be unpalatable in prime timeslots. One example of the latter mandated by Sinclair Bro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Graveyard slots are also used by U.S. television stations as a de facto "death slot" for syndicated programs that either failed to find an audience or which a station acquired but otherwise has no room to air in a more appropriate time slot where the program would otherwise benefit. In previous years, the most often se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
In many cases where a television station carries an irregularly-scheduled special event, breaking news or severe weather coverage that preempts a network or syndicated program, the station may elect to air the preempted programming in a graveyard slot during the same broadcast day to fulfill their contractual obligatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
The Big Three television networks in the United States all offer regular programming in the overnight slot. Both ABC and CBS carry overnight newscasts with some repackaged content from the day's previous network news broadcasts, with an emphasis on sports scores from West Coast games that typically conclude after 1 a.m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
ET, while NBC (which dropped its overnight news in the late 1990s) replays the fourth hour of Today. Each network also produces its early morning newscast at 4 a.m. ET so that it may be tape-delayed to air as a lead-in to local news. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
A growing trend in the United States is an increasingly early local newscast, which now begins as early as 4:00 a.m. in some major markets, targeting those who work early shifts or are returning from late shifts; this early newscast would fit into the overnight daypart rather than breakfast television.The graveyard slo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Japanese over-the-air stations broadcast late night anime almost exclusively, starting in the Late night television slot at 11:00 p.m., but bridging the graveyard slot and running until 4:00 a.m.. Because advertising revenue is scant in these time slots, the broadcasts primarily promote DVD versions of their series, wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
In the UK, overnight is defined as 12:30 to 6:00 a.m. and full-time overnight broadcasting began on ITV in 1987 and 1988 with the BBC and Channel 4 beginning overnight broadcasts in the late 1990s. From 2000 to 2013 during this time BBC One repeated recent programmes with in-vision signing in a slot called Sign Zone be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
BBC Two shows Sign Zone and repeats for the first part and the rest of the high is given over to "This is BBC Two" which broadcasts excerpt from forthcoming BBC Two programmes. The UK feed simulcasts with international feed of BBC News Channel during these hours. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Notable examples of digital channels are BBC Three and BBC Four, which stay on the air until 4am and then close down, marked in schedules are This is BBC Three and This is BBC Four respectively. ITV shows Ideal World and then repeats before showing Unwind with ITV/STV until 5:05 am on weekdays followed by Tipping Point... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Channel 4 shows repeats and films during these hours. Channel 5 shows Supercasino, some repeats and Teleshopping. Most digital channels during this time either go off air or show simulcast with shopping channels and some stay on the air. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Outside of the traditional overnight slots, various examples of graveyard slots in the United States exist. While the reasons vary, often these time periods are viewed with much lower interest from programmers as opposed to other periods of the day (particularly prime time from Monday to Thursday nights). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Before the 1970s, this slot was often viewed as a popular "lunch slot" where daytime shows such as Jeopardy! were popular with a larger-than-average audience that included both college and high school students and employees either returning home or eating at a restaurant on their lunch break, in addition to the traditi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Stations that do not carry news in this slot usually air syndicated fare or an infomercial; in numerous cases, educational programs can be buried in this slot or any other daytime slot as a form of malicious compliance with the mandate for such programs. Mainly to accommodate affiliates in the Central and Mountain time... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
After the 1970s ended, there were very few network programs that had survived for more than a year in the noon timeslot, including Ryan's Hope and Super Password. However, there have been numerous network programs that have aired in the second half hour of this timeslot; examples include The Young and the Restless (who... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
When the noon time slot became unfavorable in the late 1970s, networks began doubling up airings of their noon shows at 4 p.m.. However, this time slot had also quickly become unfavorable as many stations chose to preempt network offerings in favor of more lucrative syndicated programs during this time, including natio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Since the 1990s, the expansion of local television news has led to stations without major syndicated hits choosing to offer local news in this hour. By 2012, most networks' daytime programming had ended at 3 p.m. Eastern, and many stations have begun offering up to three hours of local news, interrupted either by a 4:3... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Perhaps the most infamous example of a graveyard slot, ironically, has been during prime time on Friday nights since the 1990s. Before this decade, several television series during the late 1970s and 1980s (and well into the early 1990s) had become widely popular among the viewing audiences, and these programs includin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Because of this trend, networks have since programmed inexpensive reality programming or news magazines on this night instead of scripted programs. Consequently, scripted programs that do end up airing on Friday night have often been moved there from more lucrative Monday-Thursday evening time slots due to poor perform... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
The former was the case in the 2004-05 season with the ABC family sitcom 8 Simple Rules, whose ratings declined following the death of lead actor and protagonist John Ritter, while the latter pertained to the Fox sitcom 'Til Death, which was kept alive on Friday nights well into the 2009–10 season to garner enough epis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Its semi-sister network, The CW (co-owned with AT&T's WarnerMedia subsidiary) has also maintained an entire primetime schedule of younger-skewing scripted fantasy and action dramas since 2010, with similar success. Historically, ABC had notable success on Friday evenings with its TGIF lineup beginning in 1989, with its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Until the 1990s, many popular series also aired on Saturdays, with more notable examples including Gunsmoke, Have Gun - Will Travel, All in the Family, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, The Bob Newhart Show and The Carol Burnett Show during the 1960s and 1970s on CBS, as well as The Facts of Life, and The Golden Girls and its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
networks have largely abandoned original programming on Saturday nights in favor of reruns, with only CBS maintaining a limited presence anchored by its newsmagazine 48 Hours. The last major efforts to program Saturday nights on the Big Three networks ended in 2001, when CBS canceled Walker, Texas Ranger and NBC failed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Between 2017 and 2019, CBS aired the Canadian/French co-production Ransom on Saturday nights during the middle of the television season. In recent years, a new trend has emerged where a show that is considered to be a ratings failure (or is already canceled) is moved to Saturday nights to finish airing its original epi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Local stations also use the night to carry specialized local news programs, including documentaries and political debates, where it would otherwise air their affiliate network's encore repeats. Despite being a known graveyard time period, some channels have gained or maintained success on Saturday nights. Perhaps (and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Other notable exceptions include Nickelodeon, which has successfully aired a Saturday primetime lineup of first-run programming aimed at pre-teens and teenagers since August 1992 (which has included popular series such as Clarissa Explains It All, All That, Kenan & Kel, iCarly, and Victorious), and Syfy, which has had ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Sony Pictures Television, for instance, offers a selection of episodes from the previous season's runs of its popular weekday game shows Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy! to air on weekends, usually airing in their traditional weekday slots. Historically, music and variety shows such as Hee Haw, The Lawrence Welk Show, Do... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Because people generally stay out later on Friday and Saturday nights than other nights of the week, people also tend to sleep in longer on weekend mornings. The weekend morning 5 – 7 a.m. time slot is the most common time for stations to air public affairs and (on Sundays) televangelism programs. Nationally syndicated... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
As has been the case since the beginning of television, the major networks have also generally programmed weekend afternoons with sporting events. That being the case, particularly when no sporting events are airing (either from the networks or from syndicated distributors such as Raycom Sports), there is very little i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Most stations in this situation air infomercials, movies, or little-watched syndicated fare in this slot, and often use this time period to air educational and public affairs programming mandated either by station groups or federal broadcast regulations, as well as regional lifestyle programs such as Texas Country Repo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Because of overruns from National Football League (NFL) games, Sunday afternoon broadcasters Fox (in the earlier slot) and, to a lesser extent, CBS (in the latter slot) have had difficulty launching shows in these time slots. To handle overruns, Fox and CBS both use different strategies to handle prime time programming... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Eastern slot being pushed well past its original start time and occasionally being bumped to allow local CBS affiliates to air their local newscasts as close to 11 p.m. Eastern as possible. After a series of new programs failed in that time slot, beginning in 2010 CBS attempted to stabilize it by moving an established ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
For the 2019–20 season, CBS used the 10 p.m. slot to wrap up two of its veteran series with the final season of Madam Secretary airing in the fall followed by the final season of Criminal Minds (which once served as a lead-out to Super Bowl XLI in 2007) in the winter and spring, while for the 2020-21 season it aired wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
NBC holds the Sunday Night Football contract that takes up the entire night during the fall and early winter, and carries the pre-game show Football Night in America within the 7 p.m.-8 p.m. timeslot. Per NFL broadcast rules, the pre-game show utilizes a carousel reporting format to cover early games (approximately 1 p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Eastern) before the conclusion of late (4 p.m. Eastern) NFL games (including most games on the West Coast), and then transitions to a quick rundown before focusing on the upcoming game within the last twenty minutes before the game starts. After their NFL coverage ends in mid-January, NBC airs Dateline NBC in the 7 p.m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
slot for the rest of the season along with some limited first-run and encore programming. When the network carried the rights to Sunday afternoon AFC games from 1965 (when it acquired the television rights to the AFC's predecessor, the American Football League, from ABC) until losing those rights to CBS in 1998, the la... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
The most significant programming controversy during NBC's run as the AFC broadcaster came in 1968 during a high-profile West Coast game that prematurely ended broadcast in the Eastern and Central time zones to accommodate a made-for-TV adaptation of Heidi. ABC, which has not carried NFL games on a regular basis since t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
The NFL's preference in 2005 for a marquee Sunday night game as opposed to Mondays, which became difficult to envision due to the success of such aforementioned scripted dramas (at the time, Grey's Anatomy and Desperate Housewives) as well as the then-recently launched Dancing with the Stars, played a factor in Monday ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
From 1995 until 2001, The WB aired new programming (usually sitcoms) in the 7 p.m. slot, and then from 2001 until 2007, aired encore programming (Seventh Heaven, Gilmore Girls and Reba) under the secondary titles Beginnings and Easy View. In the 2007–08 season, it featured advertorial entertainment programs (CW Now and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
In 2008–09, the slot carried In Harm's Way, a reality series from the timeslot's lessee (Media Rights Capital) also considered a failure, and after that season, the CW returned Sunday evenings to their affiliates, leaving the night completely until returning in 2018–19. Unlike the other remaining networks, The CW chose... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
window it programs throughout the rest of the week. UPN, which merged with The WB to form The CW in 2006, generally never programmed Sunday nights, with its only contribution to the night being in early 2001 lower-tier XFL football games on Sunday evenings during the league's only season in its first iteration. Its de ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
Programs such as the Academy Awards (on ABC since 1976), the Super Bowl and the Olympic Games (on NBC at least partially since 1988) have been known to draw so many viewers that almost all efforts to counterprogram against them have failed. As such, broadcasters have traditionally countered these events with either rer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
On occasion, a regularly scheduled program may have this kind of dominant drawing power. Notable examples have included NBC's Thursday primetime schedule in the 1980s and 1990s that featured The Cosby Show, Seinfeld and ER, and American Idol during its original run's peak on Fox from the mid-2000s to the early 2010s (s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
In Australia and New Zealand, overnight is from midnight until 6:00am, and this slot generally consists of US sitcoms and dramas which ended up failing in their home market but need to air in some form to justify the network's investment, or archived content, along with teleshopping programmes, lower-tier US syndicated... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
In Canada, federal regulations require television channels and radio stations to carry a certain percentage of Canadian content. It is common for most privately owned television channels to air the bulk of their mandatory Canadian content in such graveyard slots (especially weekday mornings and Saturday nights), ensuri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
For the most part in modern times however, Canadian content requirements are filled easily by television stations throughout the week through local newscasts and magazine programming, along with licensed versions of American programs such as ET Canada. Likewise, in the United States, some stations attempt to bury manda... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graveyard_slot |
The National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) is a Kenya government state corporation with a mandate to provide health insurance to Kenyans. The core business and mandate for NHIF is to provide accessible, affordable, sustainable and quality health insurance for all Kenyan citizens. The National Hospital Insurance Fund has... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Health_Insurance_Fund_(Kenya) |
The National Hospital Insurance Fund was established in 1967 as a department within the ministry of health, by an Act of parliament. This has been reviewed over the years and it is now governed by ACT NO. 9 of 1998 - National Hospital Insurance Fund Act. The Act was amended in 2022 to become the National Health Insuran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Health_Insurance_Fund_(Kenya) |
In 2001 a scandal relating to irregularities in purchase of ambulances for the NHIF resulted in the sacking of the Minister for Medical Services Amukowa Anangwe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Health_Insurance_Fund_(Kenya) |
The NHIF is estimated to have lost 479m shillings in the collapse of Euro Bank after the bank collapsed with deposits from state corporations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Health_Insurance_Fund_(Kenya) |
In early 2012, the NHIF was embroiled in a controversy surrounding revelations on the Kenya Civil Servants Health Care Scheme. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Health_Insurance_Fund_(Kenya) |
A street suffix is the part of a street or road name that describes what type of road it is. Examples include "street", "avenue", "lane", "highway", and "drive". As they are commonly repeated between roads, they are often abbreviated; for example, "St." instead of "Street". The way street suffixes are used varies aroun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_suffix |
In the United Kingdom, some councils maintain lists of locally approved suffixes for new roads. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_suffix |
For example, Haringey Council in London provides this guidance:However other suffixes may be used elsewhere in the UK (for example "Terrace" and "Green" are common), and it is by no means unusual for a street to be called by a name alone, without any suffix. It is also common for different streets in the same immediate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_suffix |
Road for any thoroughfare Street for any thoroughfare Way for major roads Avenue for residential roads, typically tree-lined Drive for residential roads Lane for residential roads Grove for residential roads, usually a cul-de-sac Gardens subject to there being no confusion with any local open space Place subject to the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_suffix |
End Court Cross Side View Walk Park Meadow Green Quadrant Gate Gait Wynd | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_suffix |
Brow, in Cumbria Brae, in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_suffix |
A few points of note on street suffixes in mainland Europe: In some languages the "street suffix" precedes the name and is thus a "street prefix" (rue Pasteur) In some languages the street suffix is not a separate word but is included in the same word as the rest of the name (Marktstrasse). This can sometimes be confus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_suffix |
This list has examples of suffix forms that are primary street suffix names, common street suffixes or suffix abbreviations, recommended by the United States Postal Service. Commonly used street abbreviations are within parentheses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_suffix |
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