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5acf951e77cf76001a68535e
Architecture
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived ...
What do you call the destruction of buildings?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf951e77cf76001a68535f
Architecture
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived ...
What structures never be viewed as both works of art and symbols of certain cultures?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf951e77cf76001a685360
Architecture
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived ...
Civilizations from the past will never be identified by what surviving structures?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf961377cf76001a685394
Architecture
The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodi...
What is the youngest architecture plans that has survived?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf961377cf76001a685395
Architecture
The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodi...
Who created the most recent surviving architecture plans?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf961377cf76001a685396
Architecture
The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodi...
What was written in the 2nd century AD?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf961377cf76001a685397
Architecture
The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodi...
What was Vitruvius' fourth principles for a well made building?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf961377cf76001a685398
Architecture
The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodi...
What is the commonly seen French translation of the three principles?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e4
Architecture
According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the ...
What was created in the 17th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e5
Architecture
According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the ...
Who wrote Lives of the Least Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e6
Architecture
According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the ...
By the 16th century which languages was Vasaris book translated in?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e7
Architecture
According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the ...
In Vitruvius's mind, whose responsibility was it to see the principles rejected?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e8
Architecture
According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the ...
Who wrote Re Re Aedificatoria?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9bfc77cf76001a68548e
Architecture
In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."
What book was written in the 18th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9bfc77cf76001a68548f
Architecture
In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."
Who wrote Contrasts in the 17th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9bfc77cf76001a685490
Architecture
In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."
When did Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin paint the artwork called Contrasts?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9bfc77cf76001a685491
Architecture
In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."
What world did Pugin like?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9bfc77cf76001a685492
Architecture
In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."
What type of architecture did Pugin consider truly non-Christian?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b4
Architecture
The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an...
Who wrote Eight Lamps of Architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b5
Architecture
The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an...
When did John Ruskin write the Seven Lamps of Architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b6
Architecture
The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an...
What book came out in the 18th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b7
Architecture
The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an...
What subject did John Ruskin teach in college?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b8
Architecture
The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an...
Who said "art which never disposes and adorns the edifices"
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9cb577cf76001a6854dc
Architecture
For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.
Who believes all buildings are works of architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9cb577cf76001a6854dd
Architecture
For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.
What was least significant in architecture according to Ruskin?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9cb577cf76001a6854de
Architecture
For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.
To be true architecture in Ruskin's opinion what should never be done to a structure?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9cb577cf76001a6854df
Architecture
For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.
What features at maximum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9d2177cf76001a685508
Architecture
On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I...
What century was the architect Le Corbusier born?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9d2177cf76001a685509
Architecture
On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I...
Who disagreed on the topic of architectural ideals contrasted with simple construction?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9d2177cf76001a68550a
Architecture
On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I...
What job did Le Corbusier quit?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9d2177cf76001a68550b
Architecture
On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I...
Who said "You don't employ stone, wood, and concrete"
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9d2177cf76001a68550c
Architecture
On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I...
Who said "I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is not Architecture"
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9df677cf76001a68554c
Architecture
While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti...
What term replaced Vitruvius' term "nonutility"?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9df677cf76001a68554d
Architecture
While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti...
What was the term "criteria" replaced by?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9df677cf76001a68554e
Architecture
While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti...
Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function not replace?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9df677cf76001a68554f
Architecture
While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti...
What aspects of a building were considered part of the smaller concept of function?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9df677cf76001a685550
Architecture
While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti...
What were the reactions to the idea that function should never come before other concerns?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a6
Architecture
Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
What are some philosophies that ancient architects use?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a7
Architecture
Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
Rationalism and empiricism are not examples of what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a8
Architecture
Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
Which philosophy came before structuralism?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a9
Architecture
Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
Aside from the architects what did the rationalism influence?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa14d77cf76001a6855e8
Architecture
In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti...
When was the conecept, unsustainable architecture used?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa14d77cf76001a6855e9
Architecture
In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti...
What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 19th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa14d77cf76001a6855ea
Architecture
In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti...
To what should a building be not friendly?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa14d77cf76001a6855eb
Architecture
In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti...
What sort of power sources should a building always overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa19577cf76001a685602
Architecture
Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given...
What dynamic needs were the reason for building to be demolished?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa19577cf76001a685603
Architecture
Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given...
Oral traditions disallowed what to become formalized in human cultures?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa19577cf76001a685604
Architecture
Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given...
What was building never considered?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa19577cf76001a685605
Architecture
Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given...
What was the least valued type of building craft called?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa19577cf76001a685606
Architecture
Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given...
Aside from skills, what is not required in order to have the means for building?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa1d377cf76001a68560c
Architecture
It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul...
What type of buildings are not built mostly through out the world?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa1d377cf76001a68560d
Architecture
It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul...
Why did the economy stop expanding?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa1d377cf76001a68560e
Architecture
It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul...
Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were not made?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa1d377cf76001a68560f
Architecture
It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul...
What is a popular type of architecture that doesn't exist around the planet?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa1d377cf76001a685610
Architecture
It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul...
In what environment were many of the latest human settlements?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa1f777cf76001a68561e
Architecture
In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th...
What civilizations didn't use the divine and supernatural in their architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa1f777cf76001a68561f
Architecture
In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th...
What are three examples of past civilizations?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa1f777cf76001a685620
Architecture
In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th...
To what did these civilizations have ties that to weren't shown off by their architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa1f777cf76001a685621
Architecture
In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th...
What does architectural monumentality never represent?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa2f177cf76001a685678
Architecture
Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.
Who wrote late Asian writings?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa2f177cf76001a685679
Architecture
Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.
What country rejected the Kao Gong Ji?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa2f177cf76001a68567a
Architecture
Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.
What was written in 4th century BCE?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa2f177cf76001a68567b
Architecture
Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.
What religious writing came from Sri Lanka?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa2f177cf76001a68567c
Architecture
Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.
India produced which modern architectural text?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa33e77cf76001a685694
Architecture
The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g...
What religion led to architectural changes in many English countries?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa33e77cf76001a685695
Architecture
The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g...
Which cultures architecture showed a lot of similarities?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa33e77cf76001a685696
Architecture
The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g...
When did Muslim temple architecture begin being produced?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa33e77cf76001a685697
Architecture
The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g...
What does Hindu temple architecture try to hide?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa33e77cf76001a685698
Architecture
The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g...
What type of architectural is especially known for its non-regional differences
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfae5477cf76001a685824
Architecture
The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
What type of buildings were took the least effort to build?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfae5477cf76001a685825
Architecture
The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
What were the least important buildings of the time?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfae5477cf76001a685826
Architecture
The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
What three groups spread knowledge of architecture in Europe?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfae5477cf76001a685827
Architecture
The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
What style is pre-Gothic?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfae5477cf76001a685828
Architecture
The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
What is another pre-European style?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfaf0977cf76001a685842
Architecture
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun...
What was developed before 1400?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfaf0977cf76001a685843
Architecture
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun...
When did the Classical learning revival ed?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfaf0977cf76001a685844
Architecture
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun...
What state did this revival take place in?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfaf0977cf76001a685845
Architecture
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun...
What was the name for the time period before this?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfaf0977cf76001a685846
Architecture
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun...
What didn't Renaissance Humanism emphasize?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf954877cf76001a685366
Architecture
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow. Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved....
What sort of considerations does architectural design never take into account?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf954877cf76001a685367
Architecture
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow. Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved....
In architecture what aspects are never planned and designed?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf954877cf76001a685368
Architecture
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow. Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved....
Aside from planning and design what other types of aspects does architecture never involve?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9e6477cf76001a685568
Architecture
Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s...
Who said that architecture wasn't able extend beyond function?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9e6477cf76001a685569
Architecture
Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s...
In what way did Nunzia Rondanini not believe architecture moved past mere functionality?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9e6477cf76001a68556a
Architecture
Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s...
What couldn't, in Rondanini's opinion, architecture "stimulate and influence"?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9e6477cf76001a68556b
Architecture
Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s...
What should architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9e6477cf76001a68556c
Architecture
Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s...
How does architecture differ from other sciences?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557c
Architecture
To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality".
What is a reactionary thing to expand formalism's meaning to?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557d
Architecture
To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality".
What sort of quest defines purpose?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557e
Architecture
To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality".
What ends up being maximized in quality by this quest?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa22477cf76001a685626
Architecture
The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.
From what ideals did Classical architecture not come from?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa22477cf76001a685627
Architecture
The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.
These civic ideas allowed what to not come into being?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa22477cf76001a685628
Architecture
The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.
What ideals were Greek and Roman Classical architecture based on?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa22477cf76001a685629
Architecture
The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.
What doesn't owe its development to the Classical orders?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa27f77cf76001a68565c
Architecture
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli...
When were architectural writings last made?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa27f77cf76001a68565d
Architecture
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli...
Aside from general advice what did the texts not contain?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa27f77cf76001a68565e
Architecture
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli...
What is another term for specific informal prescriptions?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa27f77cf76001a68565f
Architecture
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli...
Who wrote canons in 2nd century BCE?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfa27f77cf76001a685660
Architecture
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli...
What is an insignificant early architectural canonical type?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfae2b77cf76001a68581c
Architecture
In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporar...
What organizations were not created by Medieval craftsmen?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }