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5acf951e77cf76001a68535e | Architecture | Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived ... | What do you call the destruction of buildings? | {
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5acf951e77cf76001a68535f | Architecture | Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived ... | What structures never be viewed as both works of art and symbols of certain cultures? | {
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5acf951e77cf76001a685360 | Architecture | Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived ... | Civilizations from the past will never be identified by what surviving structures? | {
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5acf961377cf76001a685394 | Architecture | The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodi... | What is the youngest architecture plans that has survived? | {
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5acf961377cf76001a685395 | Architecture | The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodi... | Who created the most recent surviving architecture plans? | {
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5acf961377cf76001a685396 | Architecture | The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodi... | What was written in the 2nd century AD? | {
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5acf961377cf76001a685397 | Architecture | The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodi... | What was Vitruvius' fourth principles for a well made building? | {
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5acf961377cf76001a685398 | Architecture | The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodi... | What is the commonly seen French translation of the three principles? | {
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5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e4 | Architecture | According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the ... | What was created in the 17th century? | {
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5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e5 | Architecture | According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the ... | Who wrote Lives of the Least Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects? | {
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5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e6 | Architecture | According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the ... | By the 16th century which languages was Vasaris book translated in? | {
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5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e7 | Architecture | According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the ... | In Vitruvius's mind, whose responsibility was it to see the principles rejected? | {
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5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e8 | Architecture | According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the ... | Who wrote Re Re Aedificatoria? | {
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5acf9bfc77cf76001a68548e | Architecture | In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture." | What book was written in the 18th century? | {
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5acf9bfc77cf76001a68548f | Architecture | In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture." | Who wrote Contrasts in the 17th century? | {
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5acf9bfc77cf76001a685490 | Architecture | In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture." | When did Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin paint the artwork called Contrasts? | {
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5acf9bfc77cf76001a685491 | Architecture | In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture." | What world did Pugin like? | {
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5acf9bfc77cf76001a685492 | Architecture | In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture." | What type of architecture did Pugin consider truly non-Christian? | {
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5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b4 | Architecture | The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an... | Who wrote Eight Lamps of Architecture? | {
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5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b5 | Architecture | The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an... | When did John Ruskin write the Seven Lamps of Architecture? | {
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5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b6 | Architecture | The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an... | What book came out in the 18th century? | {
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} |
5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b7 | Architecture | The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an... | What subject did John Ruskin teach in college? | {
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5acf9c5077cf76001a6854b8 | Architecture | The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an... | Who said "art which never disposes and adorns the edifices" | {
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5acf9cb577cf76001a6854dc | Architecture | For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least. | Who believes all buildings are works of architecture? | {
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5acf9cb577cf76001a6854dd | Architecture | For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least. | What was least significant in architecture according to Ruskin? | {
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5acf9cb577cf76001a6854de | Architecture | For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least. | To be true architecture in Ruskin's opinion what should never be done to a structure? | {
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5acf9cb577cf76001a6854df | Architecture | For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least. | What features at maximum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional? | {
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5acf9d2177cf76001a685508 | Architecture | On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I... | What century was the architect Le Corbusier born? | {
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5acf9d2177cf76001a685509 | Architecture | On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I... | Who disagreed on the topic of architectural ideals contrasted with simple construction? | {
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5acf9d2177cf76001a68550a | Architecture | On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I... | What job did Le Corbusier quit? | {
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5acf9d2177cf76001a68550b | Architecture | On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I... | Who said "You don't employ stone, wood, and concrete" | {
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5acf9d2177cf76001a68550c | Architecture | On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I... | Who said "I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is not Architecture" | {
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5acf9df677cf76001a68554c | Architecture | While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti... | What term replaced Vitruvius' term "nonutility"? | {
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5acf9df677cf76001a68554d | Architecture | While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti... | What was the term "criteria" replaced by? | {
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5acf9df677cf76001a68554e | Architecture | While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti... | Whose concept of utility did the more modern concept of function not replace? | {
"text": [],
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5acf9df677cf76001a68554f | Architecture | While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti... | What aspects of a building were considered part of the smaller concept of function? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf9df677cf76001a685550 | Architecture | While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti... | What were the reactions to the idea that function should never come before other concerns? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a6 | Architecture | Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. | What are some philosophies that ancient architects use? | {
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5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a7 | Architecture | Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. | Rationalism and empiricism are not examples of what? | {
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5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a8 | Architecture | Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. | Which philosophy came before structuralism? | {
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5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a9 | Architecture | Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. | Aside from the architects what did the rationalism influence? | {
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5acfa14d77cf76001a6855e8 | Architecture | In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti... | When was the conecept, unsustainable architecture used? | {
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5acfa14d77cf76001a6855e9 | Architecture | In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti... | What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 19th century? | {
"text": [],
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} |
5acfa14d77cf76001a6855ea | Architecture | In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti... | To what should a building be not friendly? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfa14d77cf76001a6855eb | Architecture | In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti... | What sort of power sources should a building always overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
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5acfa19577cf76001a685602 | Architecture | Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given... | What dynamic needs were the reason for building to be demolished? | {
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5acfa19577cf76001a685603 | Architecture | Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given... | Oral traditions disallowed what to become formalized in human cultures? | {
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} |
5acfa19577cf76001a685604 | Architecture | Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given... | What was building never considered? | {
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} |
5acfa19577cf76001a685605 | Architecture | Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given... | What was the least valued type of building craft called? | {
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} |
5acfa19577cf76001a685606 | Architecture | Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given... | Aside from skills, what is not required in order to have the means for building? | {
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5acfa1d377cf76001a68560c | Architecture | It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul... | What type of buildings are not built mostly through out the world? | {
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5acfa1d377cf76001a68560d | Architecture | It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul... | Why did the economy stop expanding? | {
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5acfa1d377cf76001a68560e | Architecture | It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul... | Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were not made? | {
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5acfa1d377cf76001a68560f | Architecture | It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul... | What is a popular type of architecture that doesn't exist around the planet? | {
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} |
5acfa1d377cf76001a685610 | Architecture | It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul... | In what environment were many of the latest human settlements? | {
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5acfa1f777cf76001a68561e | Architecture | In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th... | What civilizations didn't use the divine and supernatural in their architecture? | {
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} |
5acfa1f777cf76001a68561f | Architecture | In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th... | What are three examples of past civilizations? | {
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5acfa1f777cf76001a685620 | Architecture | In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th... | To what did these civilizations have ties that to weren't shown off by their architecture? | {
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} |
5acfa1f777cf76001a685621 | Architecture | In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th... | What does architectural monumentality never represent? | {
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5acfa2f177cf76001a685678 | Architecture | Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. | Who wrote late Asian writings? | {
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5acfa2f177cf76001a685679 | Architecture | Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. | What country rejected the Kao Gong Ji? | {
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5acfa2f177cf76001a68567a | Architecture | Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. | What was written in 4th century BCE? | {
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5acfa2f177cf76001a68567b | Architecture | Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. | What religious writing came from Sri Lanka? | {
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} |
5acfa2f177cf76001a68567c | Architecture | Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka. | India produced which modern architectural text? | {
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5acfa33e77cf76001a685694 | Architecture | The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g... | What religion led to architectural changes in many English countries? | {
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5acfa33e77cf76001a685695 | Architecture | The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g... | Which cultures architecture showed a lot of similarities? | {
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5acfa33e77cf76001a685696 | Architecture | The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g... | When did Muslim temple architecture begin being produced? | {
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5acfa33e77cf76001a685697 | Architecture | The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g... | What does Hindu temple architecture try to hide? | {
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5acfa33e77cf76001a685698 | Architecture | The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g... | What type of architectural is especially known for its non-regional differences | {
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5acfae5477cf76001a685824 | Architecture | The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic. | What type of buildings were took the least effort to build? | {
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5acfae5477cf76001a685825 | Architecture | The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic. | What were the least important buildings of the time? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfae5477cf76001a685826 | Architecture | The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic. | What three groups spread knowledge of architecture in Europe? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfae5477cf76001a685827 | Architecture | The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic. | What style is pre-Gothic? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfae5477cf76001a685828 | Architecture | The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic. | What is another pre-European style? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfaf0977cf76001a685842 | Architecture | In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun... | What was developed before 1400? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfaf0977cf76001a685843 | Architecture | In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun... | When did the Classical learning revival ed? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfaf0977cf76001a685844 | Architecture | In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun... | What state did this revival take place in? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfaf0977cf76001a685845 | Architecture | In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun... | What was the name for the time period before this? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfaf0977cf76001a685846 | Architecture | In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun... | What didn't Renaissance Humanism emphasize? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf954877cf76001a685366 | Architecture | Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow. Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.... | What sort of considerations does architectural design never take into account? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf954877cf76001a685367 | Architecture | Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow. Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.... | In architecture what aspects are never planned and designed? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf954877cf76001a685368 | Architecture | Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow. Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.... | Aside from planning and design what other types of aspects does architecture never involve? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf9e6477cf76001a685568 | Architecture | Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s... | Who said that architecture wasn't able extend beyond function? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf9e6477cf76001a685569 | Architecture | Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s... | In what way did Nunzia Rondanini not believe architecture moved past mere functionality? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf9e6477cf76001a68556a | Architecture | Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s... | What couldn't, in Rondanini's opinion, architecture "stimulate and influence"? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf9e6477cf76001a68556b | Architecture | Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s... | What should architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf9e6477cf76001a68556c | Architecture | Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s... | How does architecture differ from other sciences? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557c | Architecture | To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality". | What is a reactionary thing to expand formalism's meaning to? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557d | Architecture | To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality". | What sort of quest defines purpose? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557e | Architecture | To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality". | What ends up being maximized in quality by this quest? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfa22477cf76001a685626 | Architecture | The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders. | From what ideals did Classical architecture not come from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfa22477cf76001a685627 | Architecture | The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders. | These civic ideas allowed what to not come into being? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfa22477cf76001a685628 | Architecture | The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders. | What ideals were Greek and Roman Classical architecture based on? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfa22477cf76001a685629 | Architecture | The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders. | What doesn't owe its development to the Classical orders? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfa27f77cf76001a68565c | Architecture | Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli... | When were architectural writings last made? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfa27f77cf76001a68565d | Architecture | Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli... | Aside from general advice what did the texts not contain? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfa27f77cf76001a68565e | Architecture | Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli... | What is another term for specific informal prescriptions? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfa27f77cf76001a68565f | Architecture | Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli... | Who wrote canons in 2nd century BCE? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfa27f77cf76001a685660 | Architecture | Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli... | What is an insignificant early architectural canonical type? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acfae2b77cf76001a68581c | Architecture | In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporar... | What organizations were not created by Medieval craftsmen? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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