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5acfae2b77cf76001a68581d
Architecture
In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporar...
What records of the guilds are no longer in existence?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfae2b77cf76001a68581e
Architecture
In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporar...
What was the least important thing the contracts were had to do with?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfae2b77cf76001a68581f
Architecture
In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporar...
What is another term for trainer mason?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfafd677cf76001a68586a
Architecture
A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the genera...
What aspects of buildings did engineering not have an effect on?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfafd677cf76001a68586b
Architecture
A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the genera...
What aspects of buildings did science not have an effect on?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfafd677cf76001a68586c
Architecture
A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the genera...
Who still couldn't handle the structural calculations for designing at that time?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb00a77cf76001a68587a
Architecture
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent...
What two fields got closer?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb00a77cf76001a68587b
Architecture
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent...
What three fields began to grow apart?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb00a77cf76001a68587c
Architecture
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent...
What did architects often favor in their pursuit of aesthetics?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb00a77cf76001a68587d
Architecture
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent...
What was a term for an architect who catered to the poor?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb00a77cf76001a68587e
Architecture
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent...
What did 18th century formal architectural training neglect?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb03577cf76001a685884
Architecture
Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.
What ended with the Industrial Revolution?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb03577cf76001a685885
Architecture
Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.
What became cheap enough for the lower class to buy?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb03577cf76001a685886
Architecture
Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.
As products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the upper class?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb03577cf76001a685887
Architecture
Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.
As products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the lower class?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb06777cf76001a68588c
Architecture
Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental. House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals.
What kind of books did housebuilders reject?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb06777cf76001a68588d
Architecture
Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental. House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals.
What type of design did these texts allow the builders to reject?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a4
Architecture
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machi...
At what century's end did revivalist fall into disfavor?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a5
Architecture
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machi...
What old type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a6
Architecture
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machi...
When did the Deutscher Werkbund end?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a7
Architecture
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machi...
What started in 1970?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a8
Architecture
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machi...
In 1919 what business opened in Weimar, Germany?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858b8
Architecture
When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the ne...
What kind of movement was prehistoric architecture in the beginning?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858b9
Architecture
When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the ne...
What kind of movement was modern architecture in the ending?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858ba
Architecture
When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the ne...
Who was the old movement meant to suit the needs of?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858bb
Architecture
When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the ne...
What details did Modernists' encourage?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb12277cf76001a6858c0
Architecture
Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.
Who was instrumental in rejecting Organic architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb12277cf76001a6858c1
Architecture
Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.
Who was instrumental in creating inorganic architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb12277cf76001a6858c2
Architecture
Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.
What are four of Wright's designs?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb12277cf76001a6858c3
Architecture
Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.
Wright wanted to promote disharmony in what two groups?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb16777cf76001a6858c8
Architecture
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria...
What made it impossible to design architecture through new means and methods?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb16777cf76001a6858c9
Architecture
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria...
What old type of construction allowed the making of skyscrapers?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb16777cf76001a6858ca
Architecture
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria...
What style came before Modernism?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb16777cf76001a6858cb
Architecture
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria...
Who designed the Triplet Towers?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb16777cf76001a6858cc
Architecture
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria...
What is an example of Domestic Style?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb19177cf76001a6858d2
Architecture
Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after WWII, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, bui...
What aspect of historical styles did a lot of architects find booming in modernist styles?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb19177cf76001a6858d3
Architecture
Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after WWII, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, bui...
Who were three architects who discouraged Brutalism?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb19177cf76001a6858d4
Architecture
Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after WWII, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, bui...
What material was never used in Brutalist structures?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb19177cf76001a6858d5
Architecture
Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after WWII, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, bui...
Who agreed with the aesthetic of Brutalism?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb1de77cf76001a685900
Architecture
One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, o...
What school was a warm aesthetic of modernism
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb1de77cf76001a685901
Architecture
One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, o...
What are two examples of non-metaphoric architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb1de77cf76001a685902
Architecture
One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, o...
What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture not based after design wise?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb1de77cf76001a685903
Architecture
One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, o...
What type of architecture does nobody consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb20d77cf76001a68591a
Architecture
Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere...
When was the end of the architectural phenomenology movement?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb20d77cf76001a68591b
Architecture
Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere...
What happened in the early 1950s?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb20d77cf76001a68591c
Architecture
Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere...
What was architectural phenomenology not reacting to?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb20d77cf76001a68591d
Architecture
Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere...
What were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to stay away from?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb20d77cf76001a68591e
Architecture
Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere...
Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated building"?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb25577cf76001a685924
Architecture
Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an incre...
About when did architecture stop specializing?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb25577cf76001a685925
Architecture
Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an incre...
What happened before the 1980s?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb25577cf76001a685926
Architecture
Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an incre...
When did complexity of buildings began to decrease?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb25577cf76001a685927
Architecture
Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an incre...
What two architectural movements have never faced criticism for their focus on individuality?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb28f77cf76001a685936
Architecture
Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate co...
What issue has moved to the forefront in past years?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb28f77cf76001a685937
Architecture
Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate co...
What do architecture schools look at less and less nowadays?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb28f77cf76001a685938
Architecture
Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate co...
Who was the last to design architecture environmentally?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb28f77cf76001a685939
Architecture
Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate co...
Who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1970s?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb28f77cf76001a68593a
Architecture
Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate co...
What organization's rating system discourages sustainability?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb2be77cf76001a68595c
Architecture
Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as we...
What are three old movements that have a focus on sustainability?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb2be77cf76001a68595d
Architecture
Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as we...
What kinds of buildings and building developments are the old movements not in favor of?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb2be77cf76001a68595e
Architecture
Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as we...
What are three things the old movements try to achieve?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfb2be77cf76001a68595f
Architecture
Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as we...
What older architectural movements do the older movements not go along with?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0172
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per c...
Which three statistics does the HDI ignore?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0173
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per c...
Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0174
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per c...
Who rejected the HDI?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0175
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per c...
What entity rejects the HDI?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0176
Human_Development_Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per c...
Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b948645df0001a2d017c
Human_Development_Index
The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)," and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum...
What happened in 2001?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b948645df0001a2d017d
Human_Development_Index
The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)," and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum...
What does IHDI2 stand for?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b948645df0001a2d017f
Human_Development_Index
The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)," and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum...
Which measures the potential underdevelopment, the HDI or the IHDI?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b983645df0001a2d0184
Human_Development_Index
The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered...
In what year did Mahbub ul Haq reject the HDI?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b983645df0001a2d0185
Human_Development_Index
The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered...
Who was initially agreeing to the idea of creating the HDI?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b983645df0001a2d0186
Human_Development_Index
The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered...
Mahbub ul Haq didn't want to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0b983645df0001a2d0187
Human_Development_Index
The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered...
Which year was used for estimates in the 2001 report?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0caa5645df0001a2d0380
Human_Development_Index
LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita
What does LI stand for?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0caa5645df0001a2d0381
Human_Development_Index
LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita
What does MIS stand for?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0caa5645df0001a2d0382
Human_Development_Index
LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita
What does EYES stand for?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0caa5645df0001a2d0383
Human_Development_Index
LE: Life expectancy at birth MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools) EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life) GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita
What does GNLpc stand for?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cac9645df0001a2d0392
Human_Development_Index
The formula defining the HDI is promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In general, to transform a raw variable, say , into a unit-free index between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following formula is used:
What entity makes the defining formula for the HDMI well-known?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cac9645df0001a2d0393
Human_Development_Index
The formula defining the HDI is promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In general, to transform a raw variable, say , into a unit-free index between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following formula is used:
What does UNDD stand for?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cb4d645df0001a2d039e
Human_Development_Index
The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:
What happened on December 15, 2015
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cb4d645df0001a2d039f
Human_Development_Index
The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:
On what date was the 2005 Human Development Report released?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0ccaa645df0001a2d03ac
Human_Development_Index
The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:
On what date was the 2010 Human Development Report released?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0ccaa645df0001a2d03ad
Human_Development_Index
The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:
Which year was used for estimates in the 2004 report?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0ccaa645df0001a2d03ae
Human_Development_Index
The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:
What was released on July 25 2014
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0ccc0645df0001a2d03b2
Human_Development_Index
The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."
What does the HIHDI specifically take into account?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0ccc0645df0001a2d03b3
Human_Development_Index
The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."
Does the IHDI measure the "unaverage" or the "lack of potential" level of human development?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cd40645df0001a2d03d8
Human_Development_Index
Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait.
Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HIDI (but missing HIHDI)?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cd40645df0001a2d03d9
Human_Development_Index
Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait.
s the top quartile of HDI considered "low" or "very low" human development?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cd5f645df0001a2d03dc
Human_Development_Index
Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu.
What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2013 report?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cd5f645df0001a2d03de
Human_Development_Index
Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu.
What year were all countries included?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cdb8645df0001a2d03f8
Human_Development_Index
The 2013 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on March 14, 2013, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2012. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:
Which year was used for estimates in the 2014 report?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0ce6f645df0001a2d042a
Human_Development_Index
The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."
Does the IHDI measure the "abnormal" or the "lack of potential" level of human development?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0ce6f645df0001a2d042b
Human_Development_Index
The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."
What does the HIDI stand for?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cfc9645df0001a2d0482
Human_Development_Index
Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.
What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cfc9645df0001a2d0483
Human_Development_Index
Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.
What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cfc9645df0001a2d0484
Human_Development_Index
Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu.
Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2012 report?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d0488
Human_Development_Index
The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:
On what date was the 2012 Human Development Report released?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d0489
Human_Development_Index
The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:
What was released on November 5, 2010?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d048a
Human_Development_Index
The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries:
Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0d0c0645df0001a2d04be
Human_Development_Index
The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (income, life expectancy, and education). Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by IHDI:
In the IHDI, inequality is never factored into what three human development dimensions?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }