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The advent of synchrotron X-ray sources has been beneficial to X-ray topography techniques. Several of the properties of synchrotron radiation are advantageous also for topography applications: The high collimation (more precisely the small angular source size) allows to reach higher geometrical resolution in topograph... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, expresses at least six different forms of epoxide hydrolase (forms A-F). The structure of epoxide hydrolase B reveals that the enzyme is a monomer and contains an alpha/beta hydrolase fold. In addition to providing insights into the enzyme mechanism, this... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Aldehydes () take the suffix "-al". If other functional groups are present, the chain is numbered such that the aldehyde carbon is in the "1" position, unless functional groups of higher precedence are present.
If a prefix form is required, "oxo-" is used (as for ketones), with the position number indicating the end of... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon autocorrelation function (also known as photon corr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The 600 or so subscribing members formed Industry Committees representing each of the main metal interests which discussed and agreed the topics for technical work to be done and a Council that controlled overall finances. Initially there was an annual government grant towards the work but this was changed to support ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Proxenin is the precursor to xenin. It is a 35-amino acid polypeptide. Like xenin, its amino acid sequence exactly matches the N-terminus of coatomer subunit alpha. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In spectrophotometric assays, you follow the course of the reaction by measuring a change in how much light the assay solution absorbs. If this light is in the visible region you can actually see a change in the color of the assay, and these are called colorimetric assays. The MTT assay, a redox assay using a tetrazoli... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Public Affairs Office works with the PAAC to advocate for increased research budgets for the major governmental funding agencies, primarily the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. ASBMB has developed a set of recommendations for pre-medical course requirements consistent with the new ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE, also known as comet assay) is an uncomplicated and sensitive technique for the detection of DNA damage at the level of the individual eukaryotic cell. It was first developed by Östling & Johansson in 1984 and later modified by Singh et al. in 1988. It has since increased... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Liquation requires that the silver-rich copper first be melted with approximately three times its weight in lead; as silver has a greater affinity with lead, most of the silver would end up within this rather than the copper. If the copper is assayed and found to contain too little silver for liquation to be financiall... | 8 | Metallurgy |
During the early Eocene, the continental configuration was such that the Arctic sea was almost entirely cut off from the wider oceans. This meant that mixing — provided today by deep water currents such as the Gulf Stream — did not occur, leading to a stratified water column resembling today's Black Sea.
High temperat... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Some applications of the diffusion dialysis are explained below.
*Strong aqueous caustic soda solutions can be purified of hemicellulose by diffusion dialysis. This is specific to the largely-obsolete viscose process. The first step in that process is to treat almost-pure cellulose (cotton linters or dissolving pulp) w... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Rubber bands have been used in at least one publicized home experiment to allow for global testing of ozone pollution. Titled GORP, for Global Ozone Rubber Participant, users can see the effects of ozone pollution near their own homes or places of employment. Rubber bands were chosen due to their availability and low c... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
2-Methoxypropene is an ether with the chemical formula CHO. It is a reagent used in organic synthesis to introduce a protecting group for alcohols, and the conversion diols to the acetonide group.
2-Methoxypropene can be prepared by the elimination of methanol from dimethoxypropane, or by the addition of methanol to p... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The working gristmill grinds wheat and corn into flour, which is available for sale during the twice-yearly shows. During the summer months, the museum grows sorghum cane, which is made into molasses for the fall show. | 8 | Metallurgy |
On the faculty of Indiana University, Bloomington, since 1971. 1978 – Professor of Chemistry. 1980 – Visiting Scientist, Department of Immunogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany. 1988 – James H. Rudy Professor of Chemistry. 1999 – Distinguished Professor of Chemistry. 1999 – Director of the Ins... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Podocin is a protein component of the filtration slits of podocytes. Glomerular capillary endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane and the filtration slits function as the filtration barrier of the kidney glomerulus.
Mutations in the podocin gene NPHS2 can cause nephrotic syndrome, such as focal segmental gl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 1972 he joined the chemistry faculty at Colorado State University as an assistant professor. He moved to the University of Washington in 1974 where he stayed until his retirement in 1999. He became a full professor in 1979 and an endowed professor of analytical chemistry in 1991. The chemistry departments newsletter... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Acid-base extraction is efficient at separating compounds with a large difference in solubility between their charged and their uncharged form. Therefore, this procedure will not work for:
* Zwitterions with acidic and basic functional groups in the same molecule.
** For instance, glycine is soluble in water at most pH... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Spin echo small angle neutron scattering (SESANS) measures structures from around 20 to 2000 nm in size. The information is presented as a real-space (similar to g(r)) as opposed to a reciprocal space (q(r)) mapping. This can simplify the interpretation for some systems.
SESANS is useful for studying processes that oc... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Superfluidity is the characteristic property of a fluid with zero viscosity which therefore flows without any loss of kinetic energy. When stirred, a superfluid forms vortices that continue to rotate indefinitely. Superfluidity occurs in two isotopes of helium (helium-3 and helium-4) when they are liquefied by cooling ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The second step of nitrification is the oxidation of nitrite into nitrate. This process is sometimes known as nitratation. Nitrite oxidation is conducted by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) from the taxa Nitrospirota, Nitrospinota, Pseudomonadota and Chloroflexota. NOB are typically present in soil, geothermal springs,... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Neutron spectroscopy is a spectroscopic method of measuring atomic and magnetic motions by measuring the kinetic energy of emitted neutrons. The measured neutrons may be emitted directly (for example, by nuclear reactions), or they may scatter off cold matter before reaching the detector. Inelastic neutron scattering o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cannon started her academic career in 1974 at Stockholm University, where she held various positions, including a research associate at the Wenner-Grenn Institute from 1974 to 1980. Subsequently, she served as an associate professor from 1980 to 1983 and then as a professor of physiology from 1983 to 2013. Since 2013, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Metal cluster compounds are a molecular ion or neutral compound composed of three or more metals and featuring significant metal-metal interactions. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Many plants produce chemical compounds for defence against herbivores. The major classes of pharmacologically active phytochemicals are described below, with examples of medicinal plants that contain them. Human settlements are often surrounded by weeds containing phytochemicals, such as nettle, dandelion and chickweed... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Square prismatic geometry (D) is much less common compared to the square antiprism. An example of a molecular species with square prismatic geometry (a slightly flattened cube) is octafluoroprotactinate(V), [PaF], as found in its sodium salt, NaPaF. While local cubic 8-coordination is common in ionic lattices (e.g., ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
CellCognition (Version 1.0.1) was first released in December 2009 by scientists from the Gerlich Lab and the Buhmann group at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich and the Ellenberg Lab at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg. The latest release is 1.6.1 and the software is developed and main... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The side-chain of the nucleophilic residue performs covalent catalysis on the substrate. The lone pair of electrons present on the oxygen or sulfur attacks the electropositive carbonyl carbon. The 20 naturally occurring biological amino acids do not contain any sufficiently nucleophilic functional groups for many diffi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Experimental work on precious metals is limited by the cost of experimentation and by the well-understood technical processes involved. Gold and silver are produced in a similar manner to copper with the additional process of cupellation. Platinum is mostly an issue in South America and is typically left out from exper... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The enzyme Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, or AIR carboxylase () is involved in nucleotide biosynthesis and in particular in purine biosynthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole ("AIR") into 5-phosphoribosyl-4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ("CAIR") as described in the reaction:
:5-... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The chemical reaction catalyzed by firefly luciferase takes place in two steps:
* luciferin + ATP → luciferyl adenylate + PP
* luciferyl adenylate + O → oxyluciferin + AMP + light
Light is produced because the reaction forms oxyluciferin in an electronically excited state. The reaction releases a photon of light as oxy... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Consider a system composed of water that contains an organic electrolyte RNaz and an inorganic electrolyte NaCl that both dissociate completely such that:
The Gibbs Adsorption equation in terms of the relative surface excess becomes:
The Relation Between Surface Tension and The Surface Excess Concentration becomes:
whe... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Carbamoyl chlorides are prepared by the reaction of an amine with phosgene:
:2 RNH + COCl → RNCOCl + [RNH]Cl
They also arise by the addition of hydrogen chloride to isocyanates:
:RNCO + HCl → RNHCOCl
In this way, carbamoyl chlorides can be prepared with N-H functionality. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Recent studies have reported the ability of drug-resistant cancer cells to acquire mitogenic signals from previously neglected autocrine loops, causing tumor recurrence.
For example, despite widespread expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) and EGF family ligands in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A. Cellular T cell response
The first evidence of survivin-specific CTL recognition and killing was shown in an assay wherein cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) induced lysis of B cells transfected to present survivin peptides on its surface. The naive CD8+ T cells were primed with dendritic cells and could therefore recognize t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The electrocalciothermic reduction mechanism may be represented by the following sequence of reactions, where "M" represents a metal to be reduced (typically titanium).
When this reaction takes place on its own, it is referred to as the "calciothermic reduction" (or, more generally, an example of metallothermic reducti... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In printing, organic pigments are mainly used in the inks, so the shifting or bleaching of the color of a printing product due to the presence of UV light is usually just a matter of time. The use of organic pigments is justified primarily by their inexpensive cost compared to inorganic pigments. The particle size of t... | 5 | Photochemistry |
9-Fluorenylidene is an aryl carbene derived from the bridging methylene group of fluorene. Fluorenylidene has the unusual property that the triplet ground state is only 1.1 kcal/mol (4.6 kJ/mol) lower in energy than the singlet state. For this reason, fluorenylidene has been studied extensively in organic chemistry.
F... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A recent study based on molecular simulations and compliance constants describes molecular recognition as a phenomenon of organisation. Even for small molecules like carbohydrates, the recognition process can not be predicted or designed even assuming that each individual hydrogen bond's strength is exactly known. Howe... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or graphenes—including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphite—have a hexagonal structure that is often described as chicken wire-like. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Chromatin relaxation is one of the earliest cellular responses to DNA damage. Several experiments have been performed on the recruitment kinetics of proteins involved in the response to DNA damage. The relaxation appears to be initiated by PARP1, whose accumulation at DNA damage is half complete by 1.6 seconds after DN... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Localized spins are frustrated if there exist competing exchange interactions that can not all be satisfied at the same time, leading to a large degeneracy of the system's ground state. A triangle of Ising spins (meaning that the only possible orientation of the spins are either "up" or "down"), which interact antiferr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The same procedure as used in acidic medium can be applied, for example, to balance the complete combustion of propane:
:Unbalanced reaction: CH + O → CO + HO
:Reduction: 4 H + O + 4 e → 2 HO
:Oxidation: 6 HO + CH → 3 CO + 20 e + 20 H
By multiplying the stoichiometric coefficients so the numbers of electrons in both ha... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
It is synthesised by the deprotonation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine with n-butyllithium at −78 °C. Recent reports show that this reaction can also be performed 0 °C. The compound is stable in a THF/ethylbenzene solvent mixture and is commercially available as such. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Tinplate consists of sheets of steel coated with a thin layer of tin to impede rusting. Before the advent of cheap milled steel, the backing metal was wrought iron. While once more widely used, the primary use of tinplate now is the manufacture of tin cans.
Tinplate is made by rolling the steel (or formerly iron) in a ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Glycosylation increases diversity in the proteome, because almost every aspect of glycosylation can be modified, including:
*Glycosidic bond—the site of glycan linkage
*Glycan composition—the types of sugars that are linked to a given protein
*Glycan structure—can be unbranched or branched chains of sugars
*Glycan leng... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A compound containing the epoxide functional group can be called an epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, and ethoxyline. Simple epoxides are often referred to as oxides. Thus, the epoxide of ethylene (CH) is ethylene oxide (CHO). Many compounds have trivial names; for instance, ethylene oxide is called "oxirane". Some names emp... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In polar solvents such as acetonitrile, PhPCl adopts an ionic phosphonium salt structure, [PhPCl]Cl, whereas in non-polar solvents like diethyl ether it exists as a non-solvated trigonal bipyramidal molecule. Two [PhPCl] species can also adopt an unusual dinuclear ionic structure—both interacting with a Cl via lo... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Some carboxylases, particularly RuBisCO, preferentially bind the lighter carbon stable isotope carbon-12 over the heavier carbon-13. This is known as carbon isotope discrimination and results in carbon-12 to carbon-13 ratios in the plant that are higher than in the free air. Measurement of this ratio is important in th... | 5 | Photochemistry |
TPCK is an irreversible inhibitor of chymotrypsin. Also inhibits some cysteine proteases such as caspase, papain, bromelain or ficin. It does not inhibit trypsin or zymogens.
TPCK is observed covalently bound in the active site of Caspase 3 in the crystal structure of the complex solved in 2010. The chloromethyl group... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ancient slag is difficult to date. It has no organic material with which to perform radiocarbon dating. There are no cultural artifacts like pottery shards in the slag with which to date it. Direct physical dating of slag through thermoluminescence dating could be a good method to solve this problem. Thermoluminescence... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Non-exclusives, "standard" or "catalogue products" constitute the second most important outlet for fine chemicals after custom manufacturing. API-for-Generics are the most important sub-category. Because of patent expiries, over 60 of the top 200 drugs alone, representing aggregated sales of over $150 billion, have fal... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
An interesting feature of these phases is that both polar and nonpolar compounds can be retained over some range of mobile phase composition (organic/aqueous). The retention mechanism of polar compounds has recently been shown to be the result of the formation of a hydroxide layer on the surface of the silica hydride.... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Grapes and tamarinds have the highest levels of tartaric acid concentration. Other fruits with tartaric acid are bananas, avocados, prickly pear fruit, apples, cherries, papayas, peaches, pears, pineapples, strawberries, mangoes and citrus fruits.
Trace amounts of tartaric acid have been found in cranberries and other... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
It is effective as one part of a multi-drug regimen for treatment of stomach infections of Helicobacter pylori. It is typically combined with a proton-pump inhibitor (such as omeprazole) and a macrolide antibiotic (such as clarithromycin); other drug combinations are also effective. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
There are five major reactions classed as anaplerotic, and it is estimated that the production of oxaloacetate from pyruvate has the most physiologic importance.
The malate is created by PEP carboxylase and malate dehydrogenase in the cytosol. Malate, in the mitochondrial matrix, can be used to make pyruvate (catalyze... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Iminium derivatives are common in biology. Pyridoxal phosphate reacts with amino acids to give iminium derivatives. Many iminium salts are encountered in synthetic organic chemistry. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Surfactant behavior is highly dependent on the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value. The HLB is a coding scale from 0 to 20 for non-ionic surfactants, and takes into account the chemical structure of the surfactant molecule. A zero value corresponds to the most lipophilic and a value of 20 is the most hydrophilic... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Drospirenone binds with high affinity to the progesterone receptor (PR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), with lower affinity to the androgen receptor (AR), and with very low affinity to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). It is an agonist of the PR and an antagonist of the MR and AR, and hence is a progestogen, antim... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
dimesitylborane is a dimer (CHMe)BH). It reacts only slowly with simple terminal alkenes. On the other hand, alkynes undergo monohydroboration with MesBH easily to produce alkenylboranes. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Overall measurements from OCO-3 will help quantify sources and sinks of carbon dioxide from terrestrial ecosystems, the oceans, and from anthropogenic sources. Due to the ISS orbit, measurements will be made at latitudes less than 52°. Data from OCO-3 are expected to significantly improve understanding of global emissi... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
If the steady state approximation is applied, then the derivative of the concentration of the intermediate is set to zero. This reduces the second differential equation to an algebraic equation which is much easier to solve.
Therefore, so that
Since the concentration of the reaction intermediate B changes with the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
3 kinds of ground state or static electrical influences predominate:
* Resonance (mesomeric) effect
* Inductive effect: electrical influence of a group which is transmitted primarily by polarization of the bonding electrons from one atom to the next
* Direct electrostatic (field) effect: electrical influence of a polar... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Voigt profile (named after Woldemar Voigt) is a probability distribution given by a convolution of a Cauchy-Lorentz distribution and a Gaussian distribution. It is often used in analyzing data from spectroscopy or diffraction. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Gibson assembly method is a relatively straightforward DNA assembly method, requiring only a few additional reagents: the 5 T5 exonuclease, Phusion DNA polymerase, and Taq DNA ligase. The DNA fragments to be assembled are synthesised to have overlapping 5 and 3' ends in the order that they are to be assembled in. T... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological cell signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different f... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The enzyme is present in organisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, which includes plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Plastid terminal oxidase and alternative oxidase are thought to have originated from a common ancestral di-iron carboxylate protein. Oxygen reductase activity was likely an ancient mechanism to scaven... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Lower bainite forms between 250 and 400 °C and takes a more plate-like form than upper bainite. There are not nearly as many low angle boundaries between laths in lower bainite. In lower bainite, the habit plane in ferrite will also shift from <111> towards <110> as transformation temperature decreases. In lower bai... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Many vertebrate axons are surrounded by a myelin sheath, allowing rapid and efficient saltatory ("jumping") propagation of action potentials. The contacts between neurons and glial cells display a very high level of spatial and temporal organization in myelinated fibers. The myelinating glial cells - oligodendrocytes i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase. This acetyl-CoA is then converted into acetate in E. coli, whilst producing ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. Acetate formation requires two enzymes: phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase.
acetyl-CoA ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A solid sphere or ball is a three-dimensional object, being the solid figure bounded by a sphere. (In geometry, the term sphere properly refers only to the surface, so a sphere thus lacks volume in this context.)
For an ordinary three-dimensional ball, the SA:V can be calculated using the standard equations for the su... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Campo de Cartagena is a natural region (comarca) located in the Region of Murcia, in Spain. For administrative purposes, it is also known as Comarca del Campo de Cartagena or Comarca de Cartagena. It is located in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, forming a plain which extends from the Sierra de Carrascoy to the ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The advantages of EDXRD are (1) it uses a fixed scattering angle, (2) it works directly in reciprocal space, (3) fast collection time, and (4) parallel data collection. The fixed scattering angle geometry makes EDXRD especially suitable for in situ studies in special environments (e.g. under very low or high temperatur... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Electric resistance corrosion probes are used in different types for different applications of online corrosion monitoring. The corrosion rate of these probes can be measured online or transferred to the control system by using corrosion handheld or fixed data loggers or by corrosion transmitters.
The general type of E... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Surfactant leaching is a method of water and soil decontamination, e.g., for oil recovery in petroleum industry. It involves mixing of contaminated water or soil with surfactants with the subsequent leaching of emulsified contaminants. In oil recovery, most common surfactant types are ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In melt spinning, the alloy or metal is first melted in a crucible. Then, an inert gas, usually argon, is used to jet the molten material out of a nozzle located on the underside of the crucible. The resulting stream of liquid is directed onto the outer circumferential surface of a rotating wheel or drum which is coole... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The transition between the ground and the excited state is based on the Franck–Condon principle, that the electronic transition is very fast compared with the motion in the lattice. The energy transitions can then be symbolized by vertical arrows between the ground and excited state, that is, there is no motion along t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Levetiracetam has been studied in the past for treating symptoms of neurobiological conditions such as Tourette syndrome, and anxiety disorder. However, its most serious adverse effects are behavioral, and its benefit-risk ratio in these conditions is not well understood.
Levetiracetam is being tested as a drug to redu... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In electrochemistry, partial current is defined as the electric current associated with (anodic or cathodic) half of the electrode reaction.
Depending on the electrode half-reaction, one can distinguish two types of partial current:
* cathodic partial current I (called also cathodic current): is the flow of electrons f... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
*1985: Pittsburgh Analytical Chemistry Award
*1988: Malcolm E. Pruitt Award from the Council for Chemical Research
*1989: Theophilus Redwood Endowed Lectureship from the Royal Society of Chemistry
*1991: Endowed Professor of Analytical Chemistry, University of Washington
*1993: Torbern Bergman Medal from the Swedish Ch... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
These compounds are related to SO. They have planar C–N=S=N–C cores with bent C–N=S and N=S=N geometries, and various combinations of E and Z isomers are observed for the two N=S bonds.
Sulfur diimides are electrophilic. They undergo Diels–Alder reactions with dienes. Organolithium reagents attack at the sulfur to gi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Jeehiun Katherine Lee is an organic chemist and a professor in the department of chemistry at Rutgers University. She currently runs a research lab on the New Brunswick campus.
Although she is an organic chemist by training, she has expanded her research field to biological chemistry, using mass spectrometry, computer ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Atalla was the chairman of A4 System, as of 2003.
He lived in Atherton, California. Atalla died on December 30, 2009, in Atherton. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Total triiodothyronine (Total T) is rarely measured, having been largely superseded by free T3 tests. Total T3 is generally elevated in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism.
Reference ranges depend on the method of analysis. Results should always be interpreted using the range from the laboratory that perfor... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Combustibility is a measure of how easily a substance bursts into flame, through fire or combustion. This is an important property to consider when a substance is used for construction or is being stored. It is also important in processes that produce combustible substances as a by-product. Special precautions are us... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Most spectrophotometers are used in the UV and visible regions of the spectrum, and some of these instruments also operate into the near-infrared region as well. The concentration of a protein can be estimated by measuring the OD at 280 nm due to the presence of tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine. This method is no... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The great leonopteryx (Toruk in Navi, meaning last shadow) is the apex airborne predator native to Pandora. It is scientifically known as Leonopteryx rex, meaning "king lion-wing". The fierce beauty and nobility of the leonopteryx gave the species a place central to Navi lore and culture. The leonopteryx is scarlet wit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Body farms subject donated cadavers to various environmental conditions to study the process of human decomposition. These include The University of Tennessees Forensic Anthropologic Facility, Western Carolina Universities Osteology Research Station (FOREST), Texas State Universitys Forensic Anthropology Research Facil... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The substitution of CO ligands can be induced thermally or photochemically by donor ligands. The range of ligands is large, and includes phosphines, cyanide (CN), nitrogen donors, and even ethers, especially chelating ones. Alkenes, especially dienes, are effective ligands that afford synthetically useful derivatives. ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Henry's law solubility constant for a gas 2 in a mixture M of two solvents 1 and 3 depends on the individual constants for each solvent, and according to:
Where , are the molar ratios of each solvent in the mixture and a is the interaction parameter of the solvents from Wohl expansion of the excess chemical potent... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A flow battery, or redox flow battery (after reduction–oxidation), is a type of electrochemical cell where chemical energy is provided by two chemical components dissolved in liquids that are pumped through the system on separate sides and in opposite direction of a membrane. Ion transfer inside the cell (accompanied b... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The process of creating fish emulsion begins with whole fish, or with carcass products of fish, such as bones, scales, and skin, which are left after a fish has been processed. The fish and carcass products are then ground into a slurry. After the oils and fish meal are removed from the slurry, the slurry is officially... | 9 | Geochemistry |
In the treatment of epilepsy, drugs such as vigabatrin that target both GABA transporters and the GABA metabolizing enzyme GABA-transaminase have been marketed, providing proof of principle for the neurotransmitter cycling systems as pharmacological targets. However, with regard to glutamate transport and metabolism, n... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Continuing and expanding the tradition of the University of Athens within the subject, starting from Zervas of Bergmann-Zervas carbobenzoxy method fame, Photaki initially worked on further refinement of suitable protecting groups for oligopeptide synthesis. She investigated with Zervas new types of protection such as N... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Plakophilin are proteins of the cytoskeleton. They are involved in regulating the adhesive activity of cadherin.
The three types of plakophilin proteins found in humans are PKP1, PKP2, and PKP3; all exhibiting dual localization in the nucleus as well as desmosomes.
Genes include:
* PKP1
* PKP2
* PKP3 | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chromatographic response function, often abbreviated to CRF, is a coefficient which measures the quality of the separation in the result of a chromatography.
The CRF concept have been created during the development of separation optimization, to compare the quality of many simulated or real chromatographic separations... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Microstructure generation is also known as stochastic microstructure reconstruction.
Computer-simulated microstructures are generated to replicate the microstructural features of actual microstructures. Such microstructures are referred to as synthetic microstructures. Synthetic microstructures are used to investigate ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The Schikorr reaction can be viewed as two distinct processes:
* the anaerobic oxidation of two Fe(II) (Fe) into Fe(III) (Fe) by the protons of water. The reduction of two water protons is accompanied by the production of molecular hydrogen (H), and;
* the loss of two water molecules from the iron(II) and iron(III) hyd... | 8 | Metallurgy |
eRNAs are transcribed from DNA sequences upstream and downstream of extragenic enhancer regions. Previously, several model enhancers have demonstrated the capability to directly recruit RNA Pol II and general transcription factors and form the pre-initiation complex (PIC) prior to the transcription start site at the pr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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