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Proteolysis is also used in research and diagnostic applications:
* Cleavage of fusion protein so that the fusion partner and protein tag used in protein expression and purification may be removed. The proteases used have high degree of specificity, such as thrombin, enterokinase, and TEV protease, so that only the ta... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The three cinnamyl alcohol-vicianosides of rhodiola rosea commonly referred to as "rosavins" are rosin and the structurally related disaccharide Rosavin which is the arabinose ester of rosin, and Rosarin, the arabinofuranose ester of rosin. Salidroside, common in rhodiola spp. and occurring in Rhodiola rosea is not a c... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Similar to chirality planes, chirality axes arise from an axis about which the spatial arrangement of substituents creates chirality. This can be seen in helical molecules (see section 3a) as well as some alkenes. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Chowdhury made pioneering contributions to the development of physical chemistry in the country, publishing more than 20 articles. He focused on cellulose fibers (of jute in particular), polyelectrolytes, and proteins. He also guided a number of PhD theses. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Notable sources of natural phenols in human nutrition include berries, tea, beer, olive oil, chocolate or cocoa, coffee, pomegranates, popcorn, yerba maté, fruits and fruit based drinks (including cider, wine and vinegar) and vegetables. Herbs and spices, nuts (walnuts, peanut) and algae are also potentially significan... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The subgroups discussed so far are not only infinite, they are also continuous (Lie groups). Any subgroup containing at least one non-zero translation must be infinite, but subgroups of the orthogonal group can be finite. For example, the symmetries of a regular pentagon consist of rotations by integer multiples of 72°... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Chemical milling is normally performed in a series of five steps: cleaning, masking, scribing, etching, and demasking. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtnUZanxtLs Video of chemical milling process] [https://www.fotofab.com/photo-etching-process/ Learn more about the video] | 8 | Metallurgy |
The earliest electrical application of SiC was as a surge protection in lightning arresters in electric power systems. These devices must exhibit high resistance until the voltage across them reaches a certain threshold V at which point their resistance must drop to a lower level and maintain this level until the appli... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In the seminar paper on the total synthesis of (+)-monensin, Kishi and co-workers utilized the allylic strain to induce asymmetric induction in the hydroboration oxidation reaction. The reaction is regioselective and stereoselective. The regioselectivity of the reaction is due to the significant positive character deve... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA that can be stably maintained in an organism, and into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloning purposes. The cloning vector may be DNA taken from a virus, the cell of a higher organism, or it may be the plasmid of a bacterium. The vector contains features that a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Various degrees of hypothermia may be deliberately induced in medicine for purposes of treatment of brain injury, or lowering metabolism so that total brain ischemia can be tolerated for a short time. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is a medical technique in which the brain is cooled as low as 10 °C, which allows t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of integral membrane proteins that respond to a variety of extracellular stimuli. Each GPCR binds to and is activated by a specific ligand stimulus that ranges in size from small molecule catecholamines, lipids, or neurotransmitters to large protein hormones. Whe... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Solomon received an Associate of Sydney Technical College, (equivalent to a Diploma of Chemistry) in 1950 and went on to complete a Bachelor of Science (BSc (Hons)) in 1952 from the New South Wales University of Technology (now the University of New South Wales), a Master of Science (MSc) from the same university in 19... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When there is a stimulus, the CRP level can increase 10,000-fold from less than 50 μg/L to more than 500 mg/L. Its concentration can increase to 5 mg/L by 6 hours and peak at 48 hours. The plasma half-life of CRP is 19 hours, and is constant in all medical conditions. Therefore, the only factor that affects the blood C... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Specialized proteins can unzip small segments of the DNA molecule when it is replicated or transcribed into RNA. But work published in 2015 illustrates how DNA opens on its own.
Simply twisting DNA can expose internal bases to the outside, without the aid of any proteins. Also, transcription itself contorts DNA in livi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The population of vibrationally excited states follows a Boltzmann distribution, so low-frequency vibrational states are appreciably populated even at room temperatures. As the moment of inertia is higher when a vibration is excited, the rotational constants (B) decrease. Consequently, the rotation frequencies in each ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Endogenous template-independent primer-primer interaction is due to the random design of hexamer primers. One possible solution is to design constrained-randomized hexanucleotide primers that do not cross-hybridize. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the context of pharmacokinetics (how the body absorbs, metabolizes, and excretes a drug), the distribution coefficient has a strong influence on ADME properties of the drug. Hence the hydrophobicity of a compound (as measured by its distribution coefficient) is a major determinant of how drug-like it is. More specif... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Certain diagnostic tests are available for the quantification of the end-products of lipid peroxidation, to be specific, malondialdehyde (MDA). The most commonly used test is called a TBARS Assay (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay). Thiobarbituric acid reacts with malondialdehyde to yield a fluorescent prod... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Duplex sequencing tagged adapters can be used in combination with the majority of NGS adapters. In the figures and workflow section of this article, Illumina sequencing adapters are used as an example following the original published protocol. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Thermal bumps can be evenly distributed across the surface of a chip to provide a uniform cooling effect. In this case, the thermal bumps may be interspersed with standard bumps that are used for signal, power and ground. This allows the thermal bumps to be placed directly under the active circuitry of the chip for m... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Vroman effect, named after Leo Vroman, describes the process of competitive protein adsorption to a surface by blood serum proteins. The highest mobility proteins generally arrive first and are later replaced by less mobile proteins that have a higher affinity for the surface. The order of protein adsorption also ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In laboratory experiments, activation of cannabinoid receptors had an effect on the activation of GTPases in macrophages, neutrophils, and bone marrow cells. These receptors have also been implicated in the migration of B cells into the marginal zone and the regulation of IgM levels. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Initially written off as a non-essential process due to the ATE1 knockout in yeast, later studies have shown arginylation plays a significant role in several biological processes. The knockout of ATE1 in mice and Drosophila resulted in embryonic lethality for both species. Further studies using the mouse model to obser... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A dusty plasma contains tiny charged particles of dust (typically found in space). The dust particles acquire high charges and interact with each other. A plasma that contains larger particles is called grain plasma. Under laboratory conditions, dusty plasmas are also called complex plasmas. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Heteroboranes are classes of boranes in which at least one boron atom is replaced by another elements. Like many of the related boranes, these clusters are polyhedra and are similarly classified as closo-, nido-, arachno-, and hypho-, according to the so-called electron count. Closo- represents a complete polyhedron, w... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Flucloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the penicillin group of antibiotics. It works by breaking down the bacterial cell wall.
Like other β-lactam antibiotics, flucloxacillin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It inhibits cross-linkage between the linear peptidoglycan polyme... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Because so many chloroplast genes have been moved to the nucleus, many proteins that would originally have been translated in the chloroplast are now synthesized in the cytoplasm of the plant cell. These proteins must be directed back to the chloroplast, and imported through at least two chloroplast membranes.
Curiousl... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Even if it is not a common substrate for metabolism, benzene can be oxidized by both bacteria and eukaryotes. In bacteria, dioxygenase enzyme can add an oxygen to the ring, and the unstable product is immediately reduced (by NADH) to a cyclic diol with two double bonds, breaking the aromaticity. Next, the diol is newly... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Automated mineralogy is a generic term describing a range of analytical solutions, areas of commercial enterprise, and a growing field of scientific research and engineering applications involving largely automated and quantitative analysis of minerals, rocks and man-made materials. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Paul Ehrlich coined the term antibody () in his side-chain theory at the end of the 19th century. In 1899, Ladislas Deutsch (László Detre) named the hypothetical substances halfway between bacterial constituents and antibodies "antigenic or immunogenic substances" (). He originally believed those substances to be precu... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A molecular probe is a group of atoms or molecules used in molecular biology or chemistry to study the properties of other molecules or structures. If some measurable property of the molecular probe used changes when it interacts with the analyte (such as a change in absorbance), the interactions between the probe and ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In their 2010 Synlett article, Martina Wernerova and organic chemist, Tomáš Hudlický, raised concerns about inaccurate reporting of yields, and offered solutions—including the proper characterization of compounds. After performing careful control experiments, Wernerova and Hudlický said that each physical manipulation ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a dithiocarbamate is a functional group with the general formula and structure . It is the analog of a carbamate in which both oxygen atoms are replaced by sulfur atoms (when only 1 oxygen is replaced the result is thiocarbamate).
Dithiocarbamate also refers to the dithiocarbamate ion and its s... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In spectroscopy, the term "plane parallel layers" may be employed as a mathematical construct in discussing theory. The layers are considered to be semi-infinite. (In mathematics, semi-infinite objects are objects which are infinite or unbounded in some, but not all, possible ways.) Generally, a semi-infinite layer i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The phenomenon is known as mareel in Shetland. This term is derived from the Norn word *mareld, which is itself derived from the Old Norse word mǫrueldr, which is a compound of marr (mere, sea) and eldr (fire).
In the Somali language it is called “Kaluunka Iftiima”. The term translates to glowing sea creatures or glowi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Wilma K. Olson (born ) is the Mary I. Bunting professor at the Rutgers Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB) (formerly known as BioMaPS institute for Quantitative Biology) at Rutgers University. Olson has her own research group on the New Brunswick campus. Although she is a polymer chemist by training, her research a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nickel-cobalt lateritic ores can be treated by either hydrometallurgical processes or pyrometallurgical processes, such as matte or ferronickel smelting, which require the entire ore to be melted and the metal values to be separated from the residual components of the ore. The hydrometallurgical process for laterite or... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Oceanographers and limnologists use pCO to measure the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in water, as well as to parameterize its flux into (influx) and out of (efflux) the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form bicarbonate and carbonate ions, such that the relative solubility of carbon dioxide in water... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Autoreceptor inhibition leads to increase respective neurotransmitter release. Major autoreceptor which clinically important are alpha 2(adrenergic receptor subtype 2), H 3(histamine receptor subtype 3), 5 HT 1(serotonin receptor subtype 1). In which respective drugs act are Clonidine on alpha 2 as Agonist used in hype... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A sub-plot shows the variation of isentropic (i.e. adiabatic) efficiency with flow, at constant speed. Some maps use polytropic efficiency. Alternatively, for illustrative purposes, efficiency contours are sometimes cross-plotted onto the main map.
Note that the locus of peak efficiency exhibits a slight kink in its up... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The column used for GPC is filled with a microporous packing material. The column is filled with the gel. Since the total penetration volume is the maximum volume permeated by the analytes, and there is no retention on the surface of the stationary phase, the total column volume is usually large, relatively to the samp... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Internal coordinates are of the following types, illustrated with reference to the planar molecule ethylene,
* Stretching: a change in the length of a bond, such as C–H or C–C
* Bending: a change in the angle between two bonds, such as the HCH angle in a methylene group
* Rocking: a change in angle between a group of ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Hattori began her academic career as a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Alberta in Edmonton in 1977 and participated in the International Drilling project as a Canadian delegate to study volcanic rocks and thermal alteration in Iceland. In 1980, she moved to the University of Calgary as a Research Associate... | 9 | Geochemistry |
During transcription, RNA polymerase unwinds a short section of the DNA double helix near the start of the gene (the transcription start site). This unwound section is known as the transcription bubble. The RNA polymerase, and with it the transcription bubble, travels along the noncoding strand in the opposite, 3 to 5,... | 1 | Biochemistry |
ECS sections introduce and support activities in electrochemistry and solid state science in Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and North America. Involvement in a section provides networking opportunities for those both new to the field or advanced in their careers. For those not able to attend ECS biannual... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the Chan–Lam coupling the alkyl, alkenyl or aryl boronic acid reacts with a N–H or O–H containing compound with Cu(II) such as copper(II) acetate and oxygen and a base such as pyridine forming a new carbon–nitrogen bond or carbon–oxygen bond for example in this reaction of 2-pyridone with trans-1-hexenylboronic acid... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The influence of dead zones on fisheries and other marine commercial activities varies by the length of occurrence and location. Dead zones are often accompanied by a decrease in biodiversity and collapse in benthic populations, lowering the diversity of yield in commercial fishing operations, but in cases of eutrophic... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Application/process uses and methods for thermosets include protective coating, seamless flooring, civil engineering construction grouts for jointing and injection, mortars, foundry sands, adhesives, sealants, castings, potting, electrical insulation, encapsulation, solid foams, wet lay-up laminating, pultrusion, gelco... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemistry, oxychlorination is a process for generating the equivalent of chlorine gas (Cl) from hydrogen chloride and oxygen. This process is attractive industrially because hydrogen chloride is less expensive than chlorine. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The proof only relies on the Schrödinger equation and the assumption that partial derivatives with respect to λ and t can be interchanged. | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In epigenetics, a paramutation is an interaction between two alleles at a single locus, whereby one allele induces a heritable change in the other allele. The change may be in the pattern of DNA methylation or histone modifications. The allele inducing the change is said to be paramutagenic, while the allele that has b... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Photodegradation is the alteration of materials by light. Commonly, the term is used loosely to refer to the combined action of sunlight and air, which cause oxidation and hydrolysis. Often photodegradation is intentionally avoided, since it destroys paintings and other artifacts. It is, however, partly responsible for... | 5 | Photochemistry |
As electrons from the cathode gain more energy, they tend to ionize, rather than excite atoms. Excited atoms quickly fall back to ground level emitting light, however, when atoms are ionized, the opposite charges are separated, and do not immediately recombine. This results in more ions and electrons, but no light. ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Devices made from aluminum and its alloys, such as aircraft, must be carefully designed to minimize or evenly distribute flexure, which can lead to work hardening and, in turn, stress cracking, possibly causing catastrophic failure. For this reason modern aluminum aircraft will have an imposed working lifetime (depende... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Cyanidin is a natural organic compound. It is a particular type of anthocyanidin (glycoside version called anthocyanins). It is a pigment found in many red berries including grapes, bilberry, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, chokeberry, cranberry, elderberry, hawthorn, loganberry, açai berry and raspberry. It can also... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Whilst calculation of thermal transmittance can readily be carried out with the help of software which is compliant with ISO 6946, a thermal transmittance calculation does not fully take workmanship into account and it does not allow for adventitious circulation of air between, through and around sections of insulation... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Many types of arrays exist and the broadest distinction is whether they are spatially arranged on a surface or on coded beads:
* The traditional solid-phase array is a collection of orderly microscopic "spots", called features, each with thousands of identical and specific probes attached to a solid surface, such as gl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 1833, Adam August Krantz (who studied pharmacy and later "Geognosie" at the Bergakademie Freiberg) founded the Krantz company in Bonn. Four years later, Krantz moved to Berlin and sold minerals, fossils, rocks and basically acquired a monopoly in the production of crystal models made of pear wood or walnut. Ever sin... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In 1961, Peter Mitchell proposed chemiosmosis as a cell's primary system of energy conversion. The mechanism, now ubiquitous in living cells, powers energy conversion in micro-organisms and in the mitochondria of eukaryotes, making it a likely candidate for early life. Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP),... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Changes in N-linked glycosylation has been associated with different diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, Crohn's disease, and cancers.
Mutations in eighteen genes involved in N-linked glycosylation result in a variety of diseases, most of which involve the nervous system. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Decreased TOR activity has been found to increase life span in S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, and D. melanogaster. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin has been confirmed to increase lifespan in mice.
It is hypothesized that some dietary regimes, like caloric restriction and methionine restriction, cause lifespan extension by decr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Beyond domatia and nutritional rewards, other plant characteristics influence the colonization of plants by natural enemies. These can include the physical size, shape, density, maturity, colour, and texture of a given plant species. Specific plant features such as the hairiness or glossiness of vegetation can have mix... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The most widely used anodizing specification in the US is a U.S. military spec, MIL-A-8625, which defines three types of aluminium anodizing. Type I is chromic acid anodizing, Type II is sulphuric acid anodizing, and Type III is sulphuric acid hard anodizing. Other anodizing specifications include more MIL-SPECs (e.g.,... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The term "RuBisCO" was coined humorously in 1979, by David Eisenberg at a seminar honouring the retirement of the early, prominent RuBisCO researcher, Sam Wildman, and also alluded to the snack food trade name "Nabisco" in reference to Wildman's attempts to create an edible protein supplement from tobacco leaves.
The c... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Potassium is the major cation (K, a positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium (Na) is the major cation outside animal cells. The difference between the concentrations of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Covalent bonds can be polarized depending on the relative electronegativity of the two atoms forming the bond. The electron cloud in a σ-bond between two unlike atoms is not uniform and is slightly displaced towards the more electronegative of the two atoms. This causes a permanent state of bond polarization, where the... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The metabolism of drospirenone is extensive. It is metabolized into the acid form of drospirenone by opening of its lactone ring. The medication is also metabolized by reduction of its double bond between the C4 and C5 positions and subsequent sulfation. The two major metabolites of drospirenone are drospirenone acid a... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Outside of his scientific, teaching and administrative pursuits, Gemperline enjoys cycling, sailing, kayaking, photography and watching Dancing with the Stars on TV. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Resin acids are protectants and wood preservatives that are produced by parenchymatous epithelial cells that surround the resin ducts in trees from temperate coniferous forests. The resin acids are formed when two-carbon and three-carbon molecules couple with isoprene building units to form monoterpenes (volatile), ses... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The US Government uses the Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) standard for flammability ratings, as do many US regulatory agencies, and also the US National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
The ratings are as follows: | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
From the contamination of the sediment, more of the ecosystem is affected. Organisms in the sediment are now exposed to the new chemicals. Organisms are then ingested by fish and other aquatic animals. These animals now contain concentrations of hazardous chemicals which were secreted from the creosote. Other issues wi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Embryonic biomarkers are very important to fetuses, as each cell's role is decided through the use of biomarkers. Research has been conducted concerning the use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in regenerative medicine. This is because certain biomarkers within a cell could be altered (most likely in the tertiary stage o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
One study conducted by investigators at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill looked into donated sperm utilization within the United States from 1995 to 2017. Cross-sectional studies recorded that an estimated 170,701 individuals during 1995 used donated sperm, while the 2011 to 2013 cohort had a decreased amou... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Improper maintenance would cause potential sources of fracture to go untreated and lead to premature failure of a component in the future. The reason for improper maintenance could be either intentional, such as skipping a yearly maintenance to avoid the cost, or unintentional, such as using the wrong engine oil. | 8 | Metallurgy |
A secondary kinetic isotope effect is observed when no bond to the isotopically labeled atom in the reactant is broken or formed. Secondary kinetic isotope effects tend to be much smaller than primary kinetic isotope effects; however, secondary deuterium isotope effects can be as large as 1.4 per deuterium atom, and te... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In some cases, simply changing the way the material is processed can influence the microstructure. An example is the titanium alloy TiAl6V4. Its microstructure and mechanical properties are enhanced using SLM (selective laser melting) which is a 3D printing technique using powder and melting the particles together usin... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria. After formation in the cytosol, acyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of acyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Orosomucoid (ORM) or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (αAGp, AGP or AAG) is an acute phase protein found in plasma. It is an alpha-globulin glycoprotein and is modulated by two polymorphic genes. It is synthesized primarily in hepatocytes and has a normal plasma concentration between 0.6–1.2 mg/mL (1–3% plasma protein). Plas... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Pathway building has been performed by individual groups studying a network of interest (e.g., immune signaling pathway) as well as by large bioinformatics consortia (e.g., the Reactome Project) and commercial entities (e.g., Ingenuity Systems). Pathway building is the process of identifying and integrating the entitie... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
If the drip rate is quicker than one drop per minute, most of the CaCO will be carried to the ground, still in solution. The leachate solution then has a chance to absorb CO from the atmosphere (or degas CO depending on reaction) and deposit the CaCO on the ground as a stalagmite.
In most locations within manmade concr... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* AsP
* [GeSn]
* [SnBi]
* [SnBi]
* [PbSb]
* SnSb
* [InBi]
* BiGe
* [GaBi]
* [InBi]
* [TlSn]
* [TlSn]
* [Sb@InSb]
* [Sb@InSb] | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The term forensic stems from the Latin word, forēnsis (3rd declension, adjective), meaning "of a forum, place of assembly". The history of the term originates in Roman times, when a criminal charge meant presenting the case before a group of public individuals in the forum. Both the person accused of the crime and the ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Avogadros law provides a way to calculate the quantity of gas in a receptacle. Thanks to this discovery, Johann Josef Loschmidt, in 1865, was able for the first time to estimate the size of a molecule. His calculation gave rise to the concept of the Loschmidt constant, a ratio between macroscopic and atomic quantities.... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
As a material cools, the relative motion of its component molecules/atoms decreases - its temperature decreases. Cooling can continue until all motion ceases, and its kinetic energy, or energy of motion, disappears. This condition is known as absolute zero and it forms the basis for the Kelvin temperature scale, which... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
One of the first common applications of surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy was the measurement of the thickness (and refractive index) of adsorbed self-assembled nanofilms on gold substrates. The resonance curves shift to higher angles as the thickness of the adsorbed film increases. This example is a static SPR me... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Prostaglandins are derived from the parent molecule arachidonic acid. The synthesis of prostaglandins can be blocked by anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. Anti-inflammatory drugs block the synthesis of cyclooxygenases which in turn produce prostaglandins. Prostaglandins (PG) are the result of an enzyme cascade ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The stream is exposed to ozone and ozone is unstable at atmospheric condition. The ozone (O3) decomposes into oxygen (O2) and more oxygen is dissolved into the stream. The pathogen is oxidised to form carbon dioxide. This process eliminates the odour of the stream but result in slightly acidic product due to the effect... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Sulfones with a good leaving group in the β position may undergo reductive elimination under desulfonylation conditions to afford alkenes. This process is a key step of the Julia olefination, which yields alkenes via addition of an α-sulfonyl carbanion to an aldehyde followed by reductive elimination. Sodium amalgam or... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology was developed by Neher and Sakmann in 1976. This technique allowed measurements of individual proteins through ion channels. A glass pipette was fixed to the cell membrane, and the ion currents though the ion channels were measured. The Patch-Clamp method increased the sensitivity of detec... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A common concept in materials science is that, at ambient conditions, smaller features (like grain size or absolute size) generally lead to stronger materials (see Hall-Petch strengthening, Weibull statistics). However, due to the high-level of porosity in the dealloyed materials, their strengths and stiffnesses are re... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Waste heat can be forced to heat incoming fluids and objects before being highly heated. For instance outgoing water can give its waste heat to incoming water in a heat exchanger before heating in homes or power plants. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889.
Paschen studied the breakdown voltage ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In many documented cases, dextromethorphan has produced psychological dependence in people who used it recreationally. It is considered less addictive than other common cough suppressants, such as the weak opiate codeine. Since dextromethorphan also acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, users report that regular recr... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Oxyntomodulin (often abbreviated OXM) is a naturally occurring 37-amino acid peptide hormone found in the colon, produced by the oxyntic (fundic) cells of the oxyntic (fundic) mucosa. It has been found to suppress appetite.
The mechanism of action of oxyntomodulin is not well understood. It is known to bind both the G... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The design of a galvanic anode CP system should consider many factors, including the type of structure, the resistivity of the electrolyte (soil or water) it will operate in, the type of coating and the service life.
The primary calculation is how much anode material will be required to protect the structure for the re... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
ASF/SF2 is an SR protein, and as such, contains two functional modules: an arginine-serine rich region (RS domain), where the bulk of ASF/SF2 regulation takes place, and two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), through which ASF/SF2 interacts with RNA and other splicing factors. These modules have different functions within ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hydrofluoric acid, the water solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF), is a contact poison. Even though it is from a chemical perspective a relatively weak acid, it is far more dangerous than conventional strong mineral acids, such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or hydrochloric acid. Owing to its lesser chemical dissociation... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Design parameters include type of mill, milling container, milling speed, milling time, type, size, and size distribution of the grinding medium, ball-to-powder weight ratio, extent of filling the vial, milling atmosphere, process control agent, temperature of milling, and the reactivity of the species. | 8 | Metallurgy |
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