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The kinetics of labeled derivatives of apamin were studied in vitro and in vivo in mice by Cheng-Raude et al. This shed some light on the kinetics of apamin itself. The key organ for excretion is likely to be the kidney, since enrichment of the labeled derivatives was found there. The peptide apamin is small enough to ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The shutter is fitted to the dimensions of the masonry opening. The pintle is embedded or surface mounted to the structure itself. The pintle pin is positioned on the outside corner of the masonry. This approach can be seen on brick structures, especially post-civil war commercial multi-story buildings. Also common in ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A DNA adduct is a segment of DNA that binds to a chemical carcinogen. Some adducts that cause lesions to DNA included oxidatively modified bases, propano-, etheno-, and MDA-induced adducts. 5‐Hydroxymethyluracil is an example of an oxidatively modified base where oxidation of the methyl group of thymine occurs. This a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Metal bipyridine as well as related phenanthroline complexes are generally bioactive, as they can act as intercalating agents. | 5 | Photochemistry |
In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfenyl chloride is a functional group with the connectivity , where R is alkyl or aryl. Sulfenyl chlorides are reactive compounds that behave as sources of . They are used in the formation of and bonds. According to IUPAC nomenclature they are named as alkyl thiohypochlorites, i.e. est... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Junes Ipaktschi grew up in Tehran / Iran. After graduation in June 1958 at the Razi School in Tehran, he studied chemistry from 1958 to 1966 at the Heidelberg University. His doctoral thesis dealt with the field of Organic Chemistry under the direction of Heinz Staab. He then conducted research as an assistant in the s... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Heterogeneous photocatalysis is the process that underpins the activity of most architectural materials, such as glass, ceramic tiles, roof tiles, concrete, paint, and fabrics which are promoted as being self-cleaning (or air-purifying). These photocatalytic materials facilitate the oxidative mineralisation of organic... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Most knowledge about cys-loop receptors comes from inferences made while studying various members of the family. Research on the structures of [http://www.proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Acetylcholine_binding_protein acetylcholine binding proteins] (AChBP) determined that the binding sites consist of six loops, with th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Commercially available nitric acid is an azeotrope with water at a concentration of 68% . This solution has a boiling temperature of 120.5 °C (249 °F) at 1 atm. It is known as "concentrated nitric acid". The azeotrope of nitric acid and water is a colourless liquid at room temperature.
Two solid hydrates are known: the... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Fine chemicals account for about 4% of the universe of chemicals. The latter, valued at $2,500 billion, is dominated mainly by oil-, gas-, and mineral-derived commodities (~40%) on one hand and a large variety of specialty chemicals at the interface between industry and the public on the other hand (~55%). The global p... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The internal cavity of a carcerand can be as large as 1700 Å (1.7 nm) when six hemicarcerands form a single octahedral compound. This is accomplished by dynamic covalent chemistry in a one-pot condensation of 6 equivalents of a and 12 equivalents of ethylene diamine with trifluoroacetic acid catalyst in chloroform at ... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Marrow is part of I'm a Scientist, Get me out of here! energy generation zone. He has also been a key developer and academic consultant for the Dissemination of IT for the Promotion of Materials Science (DoITPoMS). Global Cycle Network Technology (GCN Tech) interviewed James about carbon fibre fatigue and strain in 20... | 8 | Metallurgy |
tert-butyllithium is a pyrophoric substance, meaning that it spontaneously ignites on exposure to air. Air-free techniques are important so as to prevent this compound from reacting violently with oxygen and moisture:
:t-BuLi + O → t-BuOOLi
:t-BuLi + HO → t-BuH + LiOH
The solvents used in common commercial preparations... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Many nickel-based superalloys depend on solid solution as a strengthening mechanism. The most popular example is the Inconel family, where many of these alloys contain chromium and iron and some other additions of cobalt, molybdenum, niobium, and titanium. The nickel-based superalloys are well known for their intensive... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The presence of an interface influences generally all thermodynamic parameters of a system. There are two models that are commonly used to demonstrate interfacial phenomena: the Gibbs ideal interface model and the Guggenheim model. In order to demonstrate the thermodynamics of an interfacial system using the Gibbs mode... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) has developed two separate and distinct standards on temperature Measurement, B40.200 and PTC 19.3.
B40.200 provides guidelines for bimetallic-actuated, filled-system, and liquid-in-glass thermometers. It also provides guidelines for thermowells.
PTC 19.3 provides gui... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Reactions are known where the deuterated species reacts faster than the undeuterated analogue, and these cases are said to exhibit inverse kinetic isotope effects (IKIE). IKIE's are often observed in the reductive elimination of alkyl metal hydrides, e.g. (MeNCHCHNMe)PtMe(H). In such cases the C-D bond in the transitio... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In physics, a bipolaron is a type of quasiparticle consisting of two polarons. In organic chemistry, it is a molecule or a part of a macromolecular chain containing two positive charges in a conjugated system. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Ryznar stability index (RSI) uses a database of scale thickness measurements in municipal water systems to predict the effect of water chemistry. It was developed from empirical observations of corrosion rates and film formation in steel mains.
This index is defined as:
:RSI = 2 pH – pH (measured)
* For 6.5 < RSI <... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A rotation symmetry in dimension 2 or 3 must move a lattice point to a succession of other lattice points in the same plane, generating a regular polygon of coplanar lattice points. We now confine our attention to the plane in which the symmetry acts , illustrated with lattice vectors in the figure.
Now consider an 8-f... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
* Lewis, Peter Rhys, Reynolds, K and Gagg, C, Forensic Materials Engineering: Case studies, CRC Press (2004)
* Ezrin, Meyer, Plastics Failure Guide: Cause and Prevention, Hanser-SPE (1996).
* Wright, David C., Environmental Stress Cracking of Plastics RAPRA (2001).
* Lewis, Peter Rhys, and Gagg, C, Forensic Polymer Eng... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
During her career, Wilma Olson had won many awards, among others:
*Douglass College Medal, 2001
*American Chemical Society – North Jersey Section
*Sister Marian José Smith Excellence in Education Award, 2000
*New Jersey Woman of Achievement Award, 1998
*Wellcome Visiting Professorship, New York University, 1997
*Americ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A lactim is a cyclic imidic acid compound characterized by an endocyclic carbon-nitrogen double bond. They are formed when lactams undergo tautomerization. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
While only one oxhide ingot fragment has been recovered from Egypt (in the context of a LBA smelting workshop), there is a wide array of painted scenes in Egypt that show oxhide ingots. The earliest scene dates to the 15th century BC and the latest scene to the 12th century BC. The ingots display their typical four pro... | 8 | Metallurgy |
This is the standard drum filter discharge. A scraper blade, which serves to redirect the filter cake into the discharge chute, removes the cake from the filter cloth just before re-entering the vat. Scraper discharge is used if the desired separation requires high filtration rate or if heavy solid slurry is used or if... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The electronic structure of the thiolate-protected gold clusters is characterized by strongly pronounced quantum effects. These result in discrete electronic states, and a nonzero HOMO/LUMO gap. This existence of discrete electronic states was first indicated by the discrepancy between their optical absorption and the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Even if we work in three dimensions here, the definitions of exact differentials for other dimensions are structurally similar to the three dimensional definition. In three dimensions, a form of the type
is called a differential form. This form is called exact on an open domain in space if there exists some differenti... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ketazines are also important intermediates in the industrial production of hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process. In the presence of an oxidant, ammonia and ketones react to give hydrazine via ketazine:
:2 Me(Et)C=O + 2 NH + HO → Me(Et)C=NN=C(Et)Me + 2 HO
The ketazine can be hydrolyzed to the hydrazine and regenera... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A grant of £670,000 was awarded in 1985 by the then Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) to establish a national Mass Spectrometry Center at Swansea University to provide an analytical service to British Universities. It was officially opened in April 1987 by Lord Callaghan. In 2002, the center was enlarged ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Rhazinilam is an alkaloid first isolated in 1965 by Linde from the Melodinus australis plant. It was later isolated from the shrub Rhazya stricta as well as from other organisms. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Insulin affects ACC in a similar way to PDH. It leads to its dephosphorylation via activation of PP2A phosphatase whose activity results in the activation of the enzyme. Glucagon has an antagonistic effect and increases phosphorylation, deactivation, thereby inhibiting ACC and slowing fat synthesis.
Affecting ACC affec... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The retromer complex is highly conserved: homologs have been found in C. elegans, mouse and human. The retromer complex consists of 5 proteins in yeast: Vps35p, Vps26p, Vps29p, Vps17p, Vps5p. The mammalian retromer consists of Vps26, Vps29, Vps35, SNX1 and SNX2, and possibly SNX5 and SNX6. It is proposed to act in ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Recent research has showed that expression of clock genes show tissue-specificity. Learning about how, when, and why specific tissues show certain peaks in clock genes like PRR can reveal more about the subtle nuances of each gene within the repressilator.
Few investigations into the circadian oscillator mechanisms in ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the 1740s, Benjamin Huntsman found a means of melting blister steel, made by the cementation process, in crucibles. The resulting crucible steel, usually cast in ingots, was more homogeneous than blister steel. | 8 | Metallurgy |
A chemical clock (or clock reaction) is a complex mixture of reacting chemical compounds in which the onset of an observable property (discoloration or coloration) occurs after a predictable induction time due to the presence of clock species at a detectable amount.
In cases where one of the reagents has a visible col... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In electrochemistry, concentration polarization denotes the part of the polarization of an electrolytic cell resulting from changes in the electrolyte concentration due to the passage of current through the electrode/solution interface. Here polarization is understood as the shift of the electrochemical potential diffe... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The term self-neutralising acid sulfate soils has been used to refer to sulfidic material which does not become acidic upon oxidation due to the presence of alkaline materials (e.g., marine carbonates) - which neutralise acidity generated by the oxidation of sulfidic material.
The use of this term is discouraged as it... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Many ylides may be depicted by a multiple bond form in a resonance structure, known as the ylene form, while the actual structure lies in between both forms:
The actual bonding picture of these types of ylides is strictly zwitterionic (the structure on the right) with the strong Coulombic attraction between the "onium"... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Photopigments are unstable pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light. The term is generally applied to the non-protein chromophore moiety of photosensitive chromoproteins, such as the pigments involved in photosynthesis and photoreception. In medical terminology, "photopigment" commonly refers to t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A mixture of dimethyl ether and propane is used in some "freeze spray" preparations such as Dr. Scholl's Freeze Away. The mixture is stored in an aerosol spray type container at room temperature and drops to when dispensed. The mixture is often dispensed into a straw with a cotton-tipped swab. Similar products may use... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic compounds that have a high vapor pressure at room temperature. High vapor pressure correlates with a low boiling point, which relates to the number of the sample's molecules in the surrounding air, a trait known as volatility.
VOCs are responsible for the odor of scents and... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The first instance of a self-cleaning surface was created in 1995. Paz et al. created a transparent titanium dioxide (TiO) film that was used to coat glass and provide the ability for the glass to self-clean. The first commercial application of this self-cleaning surface, Pilkington Activ, was developed by Pilkington g... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Knockouts are primarily used to understand the role of a specific gene or DNA region by comparing the knockout organism to a wildtype with a similar genetic background.
Knockout organisms are also used as screening tools in the development of drugs, to target specific biological processes or deficiencies by using a spe... | 1 | Biochemistry |
MDI is commonly used in the manufacture of rigid foams and surface coating. Polyurethane foam boards are used in construction for insulation. TDI is commonly used in applications where flexible foams are used, such as furniture and bedding. Both MDI and TDI are used in the making of adhesives and sealants due to weathe... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A [2+2]-cycloaddition is a 4 electron process that brings together two components. Thus, by the above general WH rules, it is only allowed if the reaction is antarafacial with respect to exactly one component. This is the same conclusion reached with correlation diagrams in the section above.
A rare but stereochemica... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Microbial corrosion, also called microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), microbially induced corrosion (MIC), or biocorrosion, is when microbes affect the electrochemical environment of the surface they are on. This usually involves building a biofilm, which can lead to either an increase in corrosion of the surf... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Schoell received the 1995 AAPG Best Paper Award and was recognized by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists as authoring one of the top twenty most notable geology-related papers of the 1980s. Specifically, the AAPG recognized Schoell for his paper "Genetic Characterization of Natural Gasses" which describes... | 9 | Geochemistry |
1st generation ATP tests are derived from hygiene monitoring uses where samples are relatively free of interferences. 2nd Generation tests are specifically designed for water, wastewater and industrial applications where, for the most part, samples contain a variety of components that can interfere with the ATP assay. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The carbon-phosphorus triple bond in phosphaalkynes represents an exception to the so-called "double bond rule", which would suggest that phosphorus tends not to form multiple bonds to carbon, and the nature of bonding within phosphaalkynes has therefore attracted much interest from synthetic and theoretical chemists. ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The overall metallic behavior of UPdAl, e.g. as deduced from the dc resistivity, is typical for a heavy-fermion material and can be explained as follows: incoherent Kondo scattering above approximately 80 K and coherent heavy-fermion state (in a Kondo lattice) at lower temperatures. Upon cooling below 14 K, UPdAl order... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Oxoferryl species are commonly proposed as intermediates in catalytic cycles, especially biological systems in which O activation is required. Diatomic oxygen has a high reduction potential (E = 1.23 V), but the first step required to harness this potential is a thermodynamically unfavorable one electron reduction E = ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The main tools used to collect bioaerosols are collection plates, electrostatic collectors, mass spectrometers, and impactors, other methods are used but are more experimental in nature.<nowiki/> Polycarbonate (PC) filters have had the most accurate bacterial sampling success when compared to other PC filter options. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ultra-high-carbon steel has approximately 1.25–2.0% carbon content. Steels that can be tempered to great hardness. Used for special purposes such as (non-industrial-purpose) knives, axles, and punches. Most steels with more than 2.5% carbon content are made using powder metallurgy. | 8 | Metallurgy |
The concept of Voronoi decomposition was investigated by Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, leading to the name Dirichlet domain. Further contributions were made from Evgraf Fedorov, (Fedorov parallelohedron), Georgy Voronoy (Voronoi polyhedron), and Paul Niggli (Wirkungsbereich).
The application to condensed matter physi... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The common-ion effect is the effect of decreased solubility of one salt when another salt that has an ion in common with it is also present. For example, the solubility of silver chloride, AgCl, is lowered when sodium chloride, a source of the common ion chloride, is added to a suspension of AgCl in water.
The solubili... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Because the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is exactly the energy of the incident photon minus the energy of the electron's binding within an atom, molecule or solid, the binding energy can be determined by shining a monochromatic X-ray or UV light of a known energy and measuring the kinetic energies of the pho... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Wheal Maid (also Wheal Maiden) is a former mine in the Camborne-Redruth-St Day Mining District, 1.5 km east of St Day.
Between 1800 and 1840, profits are said to have been up to £200,000. In 1852, the mine was amalgamated with Poldice Mine and Carharrack Mine and worked as St Day United mine. Throughout the 1970s and 1... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In 2007, the European Commission gave authorization for the marketing of trabectedin, under the trade name Yondelis, "for the treatment of patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma, after failure of anthracyclines and ifosfamide, or who are unsuited to receive these agents". The European Medicine Agency's evaluating c... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Symptoms following bee sting may include:
*Local effects: burning or stinging pain, swelling, redness.
*Severe systemic reactions: swelling of the tongue and throat, difficulty breathing, and shock.
*Development of optic neuritis and atrophy.
*Atrial fibrillation, cerebral infarction, acute myocardial infarction, Fishe... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the mechanical stream of thinking about a process of transfer of energy between two bodies or closed systems, heat transferred is defined as a residual amount of energy transferred after the energy transferred as work has been determined, assuming for the calculation the law of conservation of energy, without refere... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Bioasphalt is an asphalt alternative made from non-petroleum based renewable resources.
These sources include sugar, molasses and rice, corn and potato starches, natural tree and gum resins, natural latex rubber and vegetable oils, lignin, cellulose, palm oil waste, coconut waste, peanut oil waste, canola oil waste, dr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Sulfide is an angular functional group, the C–S–C angle approaching 90° The C–S bonds are about 180 pm.
For the prototype, dimethylsulfide, the C-S-C angles is 99°, which is smaller than the C-O-C angle in ether (~110°). The C-S distance in dimethylsulfide is 1.81 Å.
Sulfides are characterized by their strong odors, w... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Recently PPARGC1A has been implicated as a potential therapy for Parkinson's disease conferring protective effects on mitochondrial metabolism.
Moreover, brain-specific isoforms of PGC-1alpha have recently been identified which are likely to play a role in other neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.
It is formed by transketolase and acted upon by transaldolase.
Sedoheptulokinase is an enzyme that uses sedoheptulose and ATP to produce ADP and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate.
Sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase is an enzyme that uses sedoheptulose 1,7... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The immune system plays an important role in monitoring and destroying abnormal or cancerous cells. Telomere extension may affect the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate cells with long telomeres, potentially compromising immune surveillance. It is very important to ensure the ability of the immune syste... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Before it was flooded, Norşuntepe was located on the Altınova Plain near the mouth of the Murat River (downstream from the town of Palu, Elazığ). It is now partially submerged by the reservoir created by the Keban Dam; its top is still above the water level. The site consists of a central hill or "acropolis" measuring ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Biological Abstracts
* BIOSIS Previews
* Cambridge Structural Database
* Chemical Abstracts Service
* Ceramic Abstracts
* ChemWeb
* Compendex
* Advanced Polymer Abstracts
* Civil Engineering Abstracts
* Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
* Current Contents/Phys... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Simeon Chituru Achinewhu (born 15 August, 1946) is a Nigerian food and nutrition biochemist, scholar and university administrator who served as the past president-general of Ogbakor Ikwerre Socio-cultural Organisation Worldwide. He was vice–chancellor of River State University (formerly Rivers State University of Scien... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Primary (direct) immunofluorescence (DIF) uses a single antibody, conjugated to a fluorophore. The antibody recognizes the target molecule (antigen) and binds to a specific region, called the epitope. The attached fluorophore can be detected via fluorescent microscopy, which, depending on the type of fluorophore, will ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
With Tamás Turányi, Tomlin is coauthor of the book Analysis of Kinetic Reaction Mechanisms (Springer, 2014). | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Despite formal recommendation to the contrary, the term partition coefficient remains the predominantly used term in the scientific literature.
In contrast, the IUPAC recommends that the title term no longer be used, rather, that it be replaced with more specific terms. For example, partition constant, defined as
where... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Directing edits to correct mutated sequences was first proposed and demonstrated in 1995. This initial work used synthetic RNA antisense oligonucleotides complementary to a pre-mature stop codon mutation in a dystrophin sequence to activate A-to-I editing of the stop codon to a read through codon in a model xenopus ce... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Usually, an enzyme molecule has only one active site, and the active site fits with one specific type of substrate. An active site contains a binding site that binds the substrate and orients it for catalysis. The orientation of the substrate and the close proximity between it and the active site is so important that i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Aptamers were originally discovered in 1990 when Lary Gold and Craig Tuerk utilized a method of directed evolution known as SELEX to isolate a small single stranded RNA molecule that was capable of binding to T4 bacteriophage DNA polymerase. Additionally, the term “aptamer” was coined by Andrew Ellington, who worked wi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In vitro fertilization involves removing eggs from a woman, collecting sperm from a man, fertilizing the egg with the sperm, allowing the fertilized egg to form a blastocyst, and then transferring the blastocyst into the uterus. MRT involves an additional egg from a third person, and manipulation of both the recipient ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Applying the ideas above, chirality of organometallic compounds can be deduced as well with this technique. Each chiral compound has its own unique properties and binding mechanisms that are comparable to each other, which leads to differences in thermodynamic properties. By binding chiral solutions in a binding site c... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Soderholm's more recent projects use machine learning to understand the influence of complex molecular structuring in solutions, in connection with low-energy processes for separation of f-block elements from complex mixtures. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
5-Formiminotetrahydrofolate is an intermediate in the catabolism of histidine. It is produced by glutamate formimidoyltransferase and then converted into 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate by formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase. | 1 | Biochemistry |
A common application of block copolymers is to develop thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). Early commercial TPEs were developed from polyurethranes (TPUs), consisting of alternating soft segments and hard segments, and are used in automotive bumpers and snowmobile treads. Styrenic TPEs entered the market later, and are us... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Dicarbollides are obtained by base-degradation of 12-vertex dicarboranes. This degradation of the ortho derivative has been most heavily studied. The conversion is conducted in two-steps, first "deboronation" and second deprotonation:
:CBH + NaOEt + 2 EtOH → NaCBH + H + B(OEt)
:NaCBH + NaH → NaCBH + H... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Isomerization is the process by which one molecule is transformed into another molecule that has exactly the same atoms, but the atoms are rearranged. In some molecules and under some conditions, isomerization occurs spontaneously. Many isomers are equal or roughly equal in bond energy, and so exist in roughly equal am... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
*Spark plug
*Water cooled barrel
*Nitrogen inlet valve
*Fuel inlet valve
*Oxygen inlet valve
*Powder feedstock inlet valve | 8 | Metallurgy |
There are also three structural isomers of the hydrocarbon :
In two of the isomers, the three carbon atoms are connected in an open chain, but in one of them (propadiene or allene; I) the carbons are connected by two double bonds, while in the other (propyne or methylacetylene; II) they are connected by a single bond a... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Isotactic polymers are composed of isotactic macromolecules (IUPAC definition). In isotactic macromolecules all the substituents are located on the same side of the macromolecular backbone. An isotactic macromolecule consists of 100% meso diads. Polypropylene formed by Ziegler–Natta catalysis is an isotactic polymer. ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
These processes are the physicochemical phenomena and reactions caused by movement of hydrothermal water within the crust, often as a consequence of magmatic intrusion or tectonic upheavals. The foundations of hydrothermal processes are the source-transport-trap mechanism.
Sources of hydrothermal solutions include seaw... | 9 | Geochemistry |
A 2009 statement from the ASRM found no persuasive evidence that children are harmed or disadvantaged solely by being raised by single parents, unmarried parents, or homosexual parents. It did not support restricting access to assisted reproductive technologies on the basis of a prospective parents marital status or se... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Faraday-efficiency effect refers to the potential for misinterpretation of data from experiments in electrochemistry through failure to take into account a Faraday efficiency of less than 100 percent. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Orientational anisotropy takes the form of a difference in both diffusion rates and mechanisms at the various surface orientations of a given material. For a given crystalline material each Miller Index plane may display unique diffusion phenomena. Close packed surfaces such as the fcc (111) tend to have higher diffusi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
As with all airborne particulates, wood dust particle sizes are classified with regard to effect on the human respiratory system. For this classification, the unit for measurement of particle sizes is the micrometre or micron (μm), where 1 micrometre = 1 micron. Particles below 50 μm are not normally visible to the na... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Isotope effect is observed when molecules containing heavier isotopes of the same atoms (for example, deuterium instead of hydrogen) are engaged in a chemical reaction at a slower rate. Deuterium-reinforced lipids can be used for the protection of living cells by slowing the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation. The li... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Knowledge of bioaerosols has shaped our understanding of microorganisms and the differentiation between microbes, including airborne pathogens. In the 1970s, a breakthrough occurred in atmospheric physics and microbiology when ice nucleating bacteria were identified.
The highest concentration of bioaerosols is near the... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Aminoallyl nucleosides can be synthesized via Heck coupling as shown in the image below.
In the image above, on the left is a modified nucleoside with an iodine (the iodine is added via electrophilic halogenation) in the fifth carbon in the pyrimidine ring. Its formation can be associated with a reaction with an allyla... | 1 | Biochemistry |
POC is decomposed by a series of microbe-driven processes, such as methanogenesis and sulfate reduction, before burial in the seafloor. Degradation of POC also results in microbial methane production which is the main gas hydrate on the continental margins. Lignin and pollen are inherently resistant to degradation, and... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The manganese-containing salen complex catalyzes the asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes. In the hydrolytic kinetic resolution technique, a racemic mixture of epoxides may be separated by selectively hydrolyzing one enantiomer, catalyzed by the analogous cobalt(III) complex. In subsequent work, chromium(III) and cobalt(... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
#Isolate the fly genome.
#Undergo a light digest (using an enzyme [enzyme 1] known to cut in the boundary between the reporter gene and the E. coli reporter gene and plasmid sequences), giving fragments of a few kilobases, a few with the E. coli reporter, the plasmid sequences and its flanking DNA.
#Self ligate the dig... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Manganese like magnesium plays a crucial role as a co-factor in various enzymes though its concentration is noticeably lower than the other. Enzymes that use manganese as a co-factor are known as "manganoproteins." These proteins include enzymes, like oxidoreductases, transferases and hydrolases, which are necessary fo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The worm-like chain model (WLC) takes the energy required to bend a molecule into account. The variables are the same except that , the persistence length, replaces . Then, the force follows this equation:
Therefore, when there is no distance between chain ends (r=0), the force required to do so is zero, and to fully e... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions was a peer-reviewed scientific journal published from 1905 until 1998. The journal was originally published by the Faraday Society under the name Transactions of the Faraday Society and was renamed in 1972. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Many external factors can influence colour: light, temperature, pH, sugars and metals. There is a method to turn petunia flowers from white to transparent. The petunia flower is immersed into a flask of water, connected to a vacuum pump, after which the flower appeared colourless. The white colour is expressed by the a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Electrocatalysis can occur at the surface of some bulk materials, such as platinum metal. Bulk metal surfaces of gold have been employed for the decomposition methanol for hydrogen production. Water electrolysis is conventionally conducted at inert bulk metal electrodes such as platinum or iridium. The activity of an e... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
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