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Similar to how plant peroxisomal enzymes bind propionyl-CoA and isobutyryl-CoA, Gen5, an acetyltransferase in humans, binds to propionyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA. These specifically bind to the catalytic domain of Gen5L2. This conserved acetyltransferase is responsible for the regulation of transcription by lysine acetylati... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Over the time, methods for supramolecular polymerization has expanded, and the range of its useable monomers has diversified. In addition to plethora of molecular motifs, biomolecules such as DNA, DNA nanostructures and proteins as well as inorganic objects as unconventional monomers has recently been investigated for ... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
To determine the change in enthalpy in a neutralization reaction (ΔH), a known amount of basic solution may be placed in a calorimeter, and the temperature of this solution alone recorded. Then, a known amount of acidic solution may be added and the change in temperature measured using a thermometer. The difference i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Chvorinov's rule is a physical relationship that relates the solidification time for a simple casting to the volume and surface area of the casting. It was first expressed by Czech engineer Nicolas Chvorinov in 1940. | 8 | Metallurgy |
A fraction of the input DNA obtained after the sonication step above is labeled with cyanine-5 (Cy5; red) deoxy-cytosine-triphosphate while the methylated DNA, enriched after the immunoprecipitation step, is labeled with cyanine-3 (Cy3; green). The labeled DNA samples are cohybridized on a 2-channel, high-density geno... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Set-Point Theory, first introduced in 1953, postulated that each body has a preprogrammed fixed weight, with regulatory mechanisms to compensate. This theory was quickly adopted and used to explain failures in developing effective and sustained weight loss procedures. A 2019 systematic review of multiple weight cha... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The dominant luminous component in a cluster of galaxies is the 10 to 10 kelvin intracluster medium. The emission from the intracluster medium is characterized by thermal bremsstrahlung. This radiation is in the energy range of X-rays and can be easily observed with space-based telescopes such as Chandra X-ray Observat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Siddiqui was the first scientist to bring the anthelmintic, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral constituents of the Neem tree to the attention of natural products chemists. In 1942, he extracted three bitter compounds from neem oil, which he named as nimbin, nimbinin, and nimbidin respectively. The process involve... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Some enzymes can function as electrocatalysts. Nitrogenase, an enzyme that contains a MoFe cluster, can be leveraged to fix atmospheric nitrogen, i.e. convert nitrogen gas into molecules such as ammonia. Immobilizing the protein onto an electrode surface and employing an electron mediator greatly improves the efficien... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The angles used for each facet play a crucial role in the outcome of a gem. While the general facet arrangement of a particular gemstone cut may appear the same in any given gem material, the angles of each facet must be carefully adjusted to maximize the optical performance. The angles used will vary based on the refr... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A hormone (from the Greek participle , "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior. Hormones are required for the correct development of animals, plants and fungi. Due to ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Polyfluorenes are also used in polymer solar cells because of their affinity for property tuning. Copolymerization of fluorene with other monomers allows researchers to optimize the absorption and electronic energy levels as a means to increase the photovoltaic performance. For instance, by lowering the band gap of pol... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In dead Sphagnum, sphagnan a polysaccharide with D-lyxo-5-hexosulouronic acid is a major remaining substance. It makes the bog very acidic, so that bacteria cannot grow. Not only that, the plant ensures there is no available nitrogen. Holocellulose also absorbs any digestive enzymes around. Together this leads to major... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Association theory (also aggregate theory) is a theory first advanced by chemist Thomas Graham in 1861 to describe the molecular structure of colloidal substances such as cellulose and starch, now understood to be polymers. Association theory postulates that such materials are solely composed of a collection of smalle... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Polyfluorenes are an important class of polymers which have the potential to act as both electroactive and photoactive materials. This in part due to the shape of fluorene. Fluorene is generally planar; p-orbital overlap at the linkage between its two benzene rings results in conjugation across the molecule. This in tu... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
*1999 - Outstanding Faculty Award, State Council of Higher Education of Virginia (SCHEV)
*2007 - Jabir Ibn Hyyan (Geber) Award, Saudi Chemical Society
*2008 - SAE International Award for Research on Automotive Lubricants, Society of Automotive Engineering
*2012–13 - Jefferson Science Fellow (JSF), U.S. Department of S... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Thermophysical properties of matter and the kinetics of interaction and energy exchange among the principal carriers are based on the atomic-level configuration and interaction. Transport properties such as thermal conductivity are calculated from these atomic-level properties using classical and quantum physics. Quan... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When Amagats law is valid and' the gas mixture is made of ideal gases,
where:
: is the pressure of the gas mixture,
: is the volume of the i-th component of the gas mixture,
: is the total volume of the gas mixture,
: is the amount of substance of i-th component of the gas mixture (in mol),
: is the total amount o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In non-photosynthetic eukaryotes such as animals, fungi, and protozoa, as well as the class Alphaproteobacteria of bacteria, it is produced by the enzyme ALA synthase, from glycine and succinyl-CoA. This reaction is known as the Shemin pathway, which occurs in mitochondria.
In plants, algae, bacteria (except for the cl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Changes in these quantities are useful for assessing the degree to which a chemical reaction will proceed. The relevant quantity depends on the reaction conditions, as shown in the following table. denotes the change in the potential and at equilibrium the change will be zero.
Most commonly one considers reactions at ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Phosphines accept electron density from metal p or d orbitals into combinations of P–C σ* antibonding orbitals that have π symmetry. When phosphines bond to electron-rich metal atoms, backbonding would be expected to lengthen P–C bonds as P–C σ* orbitals become populated by electrons. The expected lengthening of the P–... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Plants take up phosphorus through several pathways: the arbuscular mycorrhizal pathway and the direct uptake pathway. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A uniform polymer (often referred to as a monodisperse polymer) is composed of molecules of the same mass. Nearly all natural polymers are uniform. Synthetic near-uniform polymer chains can be made by processes such as anionic polymerization, a method using an anionic catalyst to produce chains that are similar in leng... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Electrochemiluminescence or electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a kind of luminescence produced during electrochemical reactions in solutions. In electrogenerated chemiluminescence, electrochemically generated intermediates undergo a highly exergonic reaction to produce an electronically excited state that then... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Other MALS applications include nanoparticle sizing, protein aggregation studies, protein-protein interactions, electrophoretic mobility or zeta potential. MALS techniques have been adopted for the study of pharmaceutical drug stability and use in nanomedicine. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Triphosgene's low vapor pressure makes it possible for it to reach concentrations that are considered toxicologically unsafe. While several properties of triphosgene are not yet readily available, it is known that it is very toxic if inhaled. A toxic gas is emitted if it comes in contact with water. There is a lack of ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
MicroPIXE is a useful technique for the non-destructive analysis of paintings and antiques. Although it provides only an elemental analysis, it can be used to distinguish and measure layers within the thickness of an artifact. The technique is comparable with destructive techniques such as the ICP family of analyses. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Since the 1990s, pRb was known to be inactivated via phosphorylation. Until, the prevailing model was that Cyclin D- Cdk 4/6 progressively phosphorylated it from its unphosphorylated to its hyperphosphorylated state (14+ phosphorylations). However, it was recently shown that pRb only exists in three states: un-phosphor... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Reducing the species and its related precursors with sodium or potassium have given dimeric magnesium(I) compounds such as [{(Priso)Mg}] and other compounds with substituted versions of β-diketiminato. These compounds, with a general formula of [{(ArNacnac)Mg}]. However, as the size of the substituent on Nacnac decreas... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The perturbation proof by Kacser and Burns is given as follows.
Given the simple linear pathway catalyzed by two enzymes and :
where is the fixed boundary species. Let us increase the concentration of enzyme by an amount . This will cause the steady state flux and concentration of , and all downstream species
beyond... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Anti-Smith (Anti-Sm) antibodies are a very specific marker for SLE. Approximately 99% of individuals without SLE lack anti-Sm antibodies, but only 20% of people with SLE have the antibodies. They are associated with central nervous system involvement, kidney disease, lung fibrosis and pericarditis in SLE, but they are ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The allows for visualization of two misoriented materials and their interface such as crystal twins or grain boundaries. The user interface provides three views: two smaller views, each depicting one unit cell of selected material and orientation, and a larger view depicting an appropriate interface of the two struct... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Chronic pain and neuropathic pain are indications for which there is high unmet need in the clinic. PEA has been tested in a variety of animal models for chronic and neuropathic pain, because cannabinoids, such as THC, have been proven to be effective in neuropathic pain states. The analgesic and antihyperalgesic effec... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Microbes produce two reduced variants of chlorin, bacteriochlorins and isobacteriochlorins. Bacteriochlorins are found in some bacteriochlorophylls; the ring structure is produced by Chlorophyllide a reductase (COR) reducing a chlorin ring at the C7-8 double boud. Isobacteriochlorins are found in nature mostly as siro... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The fungal component of a lichen is called the mycobiont. The mycobiont may be an Ascomycete or Basidiomycete. The associated lichens are called either ascolichens or basidiolichens, respectively. Living as a symbiont in a lichen appears to be a successful way for a fungus to derive essential nutrients, since about 20%... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
There are several methods that can be used as an alternative to FAIRE-seq. DNase-seq uses the ability of the DNase I enzyme to cleave free/open/accessible DNA to identify and sequence open chromatin. The subsequently developed ATAC-seq employs the Tn5 transposase, which inserts specified fragments or transposons into a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The reaction requires metal catalysts. Most commercially important processes employ heterogeneous catalysts. The heterogeneous catalysts are often prepared by in-situ activation of a metal halide (MCl) using organoaluminium or organotin compounds, e.g. combining MCl–EtAlCl. A typical catalyst support is alumina. Com... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Gross-Pitaevskii equation is a partial differential equation in space and time variables. Usually it does not have analytic solution and
different numerical methods, such as split-step
Crank-Nicolson
and Fourier spectral methods, are used for its solution. There are different Fortran and C programs for its solution... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) was an international research programme on the fluxes of carbon between the atmosphere and ocean, and within the ocean interior. Initiated by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), the programme ran from 1987 through to 2003, and became one of the early core proje... | 9 | Geochemistry |
One of the limitations of the Arrhenius definition is its reliance on water solutions. Edward Curtis Franklin studied the acid–base reactions in liquid ammonia in 1905 and pointed out the similarities to the water-based Arrhenius theory. Albert F.O. Germann, working with liquid phosgene, , formulated the solvent-based ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Dr. Senapathy's original objective in developing a method for identifying splice sites was to find complete genes in raw uncharacterized genomic sequence that could be used in the human genome project. In the landmark paper with this objective, he described the basic method for identifying the splice sites within a giv... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bowen lived for most of his working life in Park Town and is buried in Wolvercote Cemetery, north of Oxford. Bowen was married to Edith née Moule and they had a son (also a chemist) and a daughter. He died on 19 November 1980 after a short illness. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Although ELPs generally form reversible spherical aggregates due to their proline and glycine content, there is a possibility that, under certain conditions such as exceedingly high temperatures, ELPs will form amyloids, or irreversible aggregates of insoluble protein. It is also believed that changes in the ELP backb... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Vixotrigine (, ), formerly known as raxatrigine (, ), is an analgesic which is under development by Convergence Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of lumbosacral radiculopathy (sciatica) and trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). Vixotrigine was originally claimed to be a selective central Na1.3 blocker, but was subsequently redef... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Although sedimentation might occur in tanks of other shapes, removal of accumulated solids is easiest with conveyor belts in rectangular tanks or with scrapers rotating around the central axis of circular tanks. Settling basins and clarifiers should be designed based on the settling velocity (v) of the smallest particl... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Type V restriction enzymes (e.g., the cas9-gRNA complex from CRISPRs) utilize guide RNAs to target specific non-palindromic sequences found on invading organisms. They can cut DNA of variable length, provided that a suitable guide RNA is provided. The flexibility and ease of use of these enzymes make them promising for... | 1 | Biochemistry |
An induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which the heat is applied by induction heating of metal.
Induction furnace capacities range from less than one kilogram to one hundred tons, and are used to melt iron and steel, copper, aluminum, and precious metals.
The advantage of the induction furnace is a clean, e... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Singlet oxygen refers to one of two singlet electronic excited states. The two singlet states are denoted Σ and Δ (the preceding superscript "1" indicates a singlet state). The singlet states of oxygen are 158 and 95 kilojoules per mole higher in energy than the triplet ground state of oxygen. Under most common labora... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Arylsulfatase (EC 3.1.6.1, sulfatase, nitrocatechol sulfatase, phenolsulfatase, phenylsulfatase, p-nitrophenyl sulfatase, arylsulfohydrolase, 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfatase, estrogen sulfatase) is a type of sulfatase enzyme with systematic name aryl-sulfate sulfohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical r... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Altszyler et al. (2017) have shown that these ultrasensitivity measures can be linked by the following equation:
where denoted the mean value of the variable x over the range [a,b]. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Proteorhodopsin functions throughout the Earth's oceans as a light-driven H+ pump, by a mechanism similar to that of bacteriorhodopsin. As in bacteriorhodopsin, the retinal chromophore of proteorhodopsin is covalently bound to the apoprotein via a protonated Schiff base at Lys231. The configuration of the retinal chrom... | 5 | Photochemistry |
A monolithic HPLC column, or monolithic column, is a column used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The internal structure of the monolithic column is created in such a way that many channels form inside the column. The material inside the column which separates the channels can be porous and functiona... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
APDS monitors air and water for the three types of biological threat agents: bacteria, viruses, and toxins. The autonomous detection system is capable of (1) rapidly processing and accurately analyzing aerosol or water samples with a high level of confidence; (2) automating and integrating the major system functions in... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Assays for studying interactions of proteins with DNA include:
*DNase footprinting assay
*Filter binding assay
*Gel shift assay | 1 | Biochemistry |
Acyl-CoA is a group of coenzymes that metabolize fatty acids. Acyl-CoA's are susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP, the universal biochemical energy carrier. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The n-octanol-water partition coefficient, K is a partition coefficient for the two-phase system consisting of n-octanol and water. K is also frequently referred to by the symbol P, especially in the English literature. It is also called n-octanol-water partition ratio.
K serves as a measure of the relationship betwee... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
MPI-Marburg is scheduled to expand with a new [http://www.uni-marburg.de/synmikro/synmikro?set_language=en Department for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO)], in collaboration with the Max Planck Society and the University of Marburg. The new department will serve as a research centre for SYNMIKRO with about 100 scient... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The cys-loop receptors are named after a characteristic loop formed by a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues in the N terminal extracellular domain.
They are part of a larger family of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels that usually lack this disulfide bond, hence the tentative name "Pro-loop receptors".
A ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Relaxase nomenclature is varied. In conjugative bacterial plasmids, Mob-class relaxases go by names such as TraI (in plasmid RP4), VirD2 (pTi), TrwC (R388), TraI (F-plasmid), MobB (CloDF13), or TrsK (pGO1). | 1 | Biochemistry |
The phenomenon of predissociation occurs when an electronic transition results in dissociation of the molecule at an excitation energy less than the normal dissociation limit of the upper state. This can occur when the potential energy curve of the upper state crosses the curve for a repulsive state, so that the two st... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The common name for an aldehyde is derived from the common name of the corresponding carboxylic acid by dropping the word acid and changing the suffix from -ic or -oic to -aldehyde.
*Formaldehyde
*Acetaldehyde | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Charles Darwin was the first to observe the transport of dust particles but Louis Pasteur was the first to research microbes and their activity within the air. Prior to Pasteur’s work, laboratory cultures were used to grow and isolate different bioaerosols.
Since not all microbes can be cultured, many were undetected b... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Lovastatin is usually well tolerated, with the most common side effects being, in approximately descending order of frequency: creatine phosphokinase elevation, flatulence, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea, muscle aches or pains, nausea, indigestion, weakness, blurred vision, rash, dizziness and muscle cramps. A... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A metallodendrimer is a type of dendrimer with incorporated metal atoms. The development of this type of material is actively pursued in academia. | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In contrast to the general similarity in structure and function of the electron transport chains in eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea possess a large variety of electron-transfer enzymes. These use an equally wide set of chemicals as substrates. In common with eukaryotes, prokaryotic electron transport uses the energy r... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ahmad Salahuddin (7 July 1937 – 26 November 1996) was an Indian biochemist who served as a professor of biochemistry and department chairman (1984–1996) at Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) Aligarh, India. He was a Founder Director of Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit at AMU in 1984. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Knudsen number of the particle define three different dynamical regimes that govern the behaviour of an aerosol:
where is the mean free path of the suspending gas and is the diameter of the particle. For particles in the free molecular regime, K >> 1; particles small compared to the mean free path of the suspendi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Mill scale can be used as a raw material in granular refractory. When this refractory is cast and preheated, these scales provide escape routes for the evaporating water vapor, thus preventing cracks and resulting in a strong, monolithic structure. | 8 | Metallurgy |
thumb|right|450px|Fig. 2. Ser-Recombinases: The (essentially irreversible) subunit-rotation pathway.<br /><br />Contrary to Tyr-recombinases, the four participating DNA strands are cut in synchrony at points staggered by only 2 bp (leaving little room for proofreading). Subunit-rotation (180°) permits the exchange of s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The configuration index is a single digit which is the priority number of the ligand trans to the ligand of lowest priority in the plane perpendicular to the 4 fold axis. (If there is more than one choice then the highest numerical value second digit is taken.) NB this procedure gives the same result as SP-4, however ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Trimmed sequences from the previous step are aligned to the reference genome using a Burrows–Wheeler aligner (BWA) and the unmapped reads are removed. The aligned reads that have the same 24-base pair tag sequence and genomic region are detected and grouped (family αβ and βα in Figure 2). Each group represents a “tag f... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are two types of twinning that can occur during growth, accidental and ones where the twinned structure has lower energy.
In accidental growth twinning an atom joins a crystal face in a less than ideal position, forming a seed for growth of a twin. The original crystal and its twin then grow together and closely ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In the same paper in which the structure of prFMN was deduced in the active site of AnFdc1 there was a proposal for the mechanism by which Fdc1 decarboxylates α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids. Not all UbiD enzymes decarboxylate acrylic acid substrates and other mechanisms may be at play for alternative substrates. In t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
ILs are potential heat transfer and storage media in solar thermal energy systems. Concentrating solar thermal facilities such as parabolic troughs and solar power towers focus the sun's energy onto a receiver, which can generate temperatures of around . This heat can then generate electricity in a steam or other cycle... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
While prokaryotes are considered strictly unicellular, most can form stable aggregate communities. When such communities are encased in a stabilizing polymer matrix ("slime"), they may be called "biofilms". Cells in biofilms often show distinct patterns of gene expression (phenotypic differentiation) in time and space.... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The cardiac action potential differs from the neuronal action potential by having an extended plateau, in which the membrane is held at a high voltage for a few hundred milliseconds prior to being repolarized by the potassium current as usual. This plateau is due to the action of slower calcium channels opening and hol... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
For the measurement of the diversity of fragmentomic features, the PFE metric, derived from Shannons Index of entropy, is developed. The default number of 201 bins of lengths 100 to 300 are used for density estimation by the maximum likelihood method. The probability of having a fragment with size , () is computed by t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hydrazones are usually very stable towards solvolysis, and conversion to the ketone can require vigorous conditions. Also, aldehydic hydrazones often instead disproportionate to a nitrile and amine.
Two principal workup environments are common: oxidation and solvolysis. Reductive conversions are possible with low-va... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The heterokontophytes, also known as the stramenopiles, are a very large and diverse group of eukaryotes. The photoautotrophic lineage, Ochrophyta, including the diatoms and the brown algae, golden algae, and yellow-green algae, also contains red algal derived chloroplasts.
Heterokont chloroplasts are very similar to h... | 5 | Photochemistry |
At low voltages, the rate of migration of the DNA is proportional to the voltage applied, i.e. the higher the voltage, the faster the DNA moves. However, in increasing electric field strength, the mobility of high-molecular-weight DNA fragments increases differentially, and the effective range of separation decreases... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Many chloro and bromoalkanes are formed naturally. The principal pathways involve the enzymes chloroperoxidase and bromoperoxidase. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis is a method for synthesizing indole from a (substituted) ortho-nitrocinnamic acid and iron powder in strongly basic solution. This reaction was discovered by Adolf von Baeyer and Adolph Emmerling in 1869. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The output of SAGE is a list of short sequence tags and the number of times it is observed. Using sequence databases a researcher can usually determine, with some confidence, from which original mRNA (and therefore which gene) the tag was extracted.
Statistical methods can be applied to tag and count lists from differ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cornforth was named the Australian of the Year in 1975, jointly with Maj. Gen. Alan Stretton. In 1977, Cornforth was recognised by his alma mater, the University of Sydney, with the award of an honorary Doctor of Science. Cornforth's other awards and recognitions follow:
* Davy Medal (1968)
* Elected a Fellow of the Ro... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Though the ropB protein has 7 histidines (H12, H81, H93, H144, H265, H266, and H277) structurally present, the ropB histidine switch primarily operates with a single functionally involved histidine (H144) conveniently placed to associate with ropB sidechains (Y176 and E185) that near each other upon the addition of a h... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Portlethen Moss is an acidic bog nature reserve located to the west of the town of Portlethen, Aberdeenshire in Scotland. Like other mosses, this wetland area supports a variety of plant and animal species, even though it has been subject to certain development and agricultural degradation pressures. For example, ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In pharmaceutics, hairstyling, personal hygiene, and cosmetics, emulsions are frequently used. These are usually oil and water emulsions but dispersed, and which is continuous depends in many cases on the pharmaceutical formulation. These emulsions may be called creams, ointments, liniments (balms), pastes, films, or l... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, appearing as its synonym sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), is considered a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) ingredient for food use according to the USFDA (21 CFR 172.822). It is used as an emulsifying agent and whipping aid. As an emulsifier in or with egg whites the United States Code of Federal... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Melanie Jane Leng is a Professor of Isotope Geosciences at the University of Nottingham working on isotopes, palaeoclimate and geochemistry. She also serves as the Chief Scientist for Environmental Change Adaptation and Resilience at the British Geological Survey and Director of the Centre for Environmental Geochemist... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Lee received her BA summa cum laude in Chemistry at Cornell University in 1990. She obtained her PhD in organic chemistry at Harvard University in 1994.
From 1995 to 1997, Lee was a NIH Postdoctoral Research Fellow at UCLA in the lab of Kendall N. Houk.
Lee also teaches classes in organic chemistry for undergraduate st... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Nayak decided to take on full-time anti-superstition activism in 2004 when he heard that a girl had been sacrificed in Gulbarga in Karnataka. He was an assistant professor of biochemistry when he took voluntary retirement on 25 November 2006, after working there for 28 years.
Before the general election in 2009, Nayak ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Alterations in the pathways leading to the addition of the removal of the mA mark result in impaired gene expression and cellular function, which can lead to disease.
Normal mA levels are altered in a number of cancers. Reduced mA levels due to down regulation of METTL3 and/or METTL14 lead to the activation of a number... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Advantages:
* Can be machined, brazed, formed, cut with available processes.
* Develops a protective oxide layer that is self-healing.
* This oxide layer is stable and has a high emission coefficient.
* Allows the design of thin-walled structures (sandwich).
* Resistant to harsh weather conditions in the troposphere.
*... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The flux control summation theorem was discovered independently by the Kacser/Burns group and the Heinrich/Rapoport group in the early 1970s and late 1960s. The flux control summation theorem implies that metabolic fluxes are systemic properties and that their control is shared by all reactions in the system. When a si... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Methyl yellow, or C.I. 11020, is an organic compound with the formula CHNCHN(CH). It is an azo dye derived from dimethylaniline. It is a yellow solid. According to X-ray crystallography, the CN core of the molecule is planar.
It is used as a dye for plastics and may be used as a pH indicator. In aqueous solution at ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Combinations of the above techniques produce "hybrid" or "hyphenated" techniques. Several examples are in popular use today and new hybrid techniques are under development.
Hyphenated separation techniques refer to a combination of two or more techniques to separate chemicals from solutions and detect them. Most often,... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
An annulation is defined as a transformation of one or more acyclic precursors resulting in the fusion of a new ring via two newly generated bonds. These strategies can be used to create aromatic systems from acyclic precursors in a single step, with many substituents already in place. A common synthetic annulation rea... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The above formula can be used to determine the 99% confidence level that all sequences in a genome are represented by using a vector with an insert size of twenty thousand basepairs (such as the phage lambda vector). The genome size of the organism is three billion basepairs in this example.
clones
Thus, approximately... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dihydrobiopterin (BH) is a pteridine compound produced in the synthesis of L-DOPA, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine. It is restored to the required cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin by dihydrobiopterin reductase. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In dairy cattle, ketosis commonly occurs during the first weeks after giving birth to a calf and is sometimes referred to as acetonemia. This is the result of an energy deficit when intake is inadequate to compensate for the increased metabolic demand of lactating. The elevated β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations can depr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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