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Charles William Shoppee FAA FRS (1904–1994) was a British-born organic chemist who performed major research into steroids. He was Professor of Chemistry at the University College of Swansea (1946–1956) and Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Sydney (1956–1969).
The short citation on hi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The United Nations framework for Sustainable Development Goals recognizes the damaging effects of eutrophication for marine environments. It has established a timeline for creating an Index of Coastal Eutrophication and Floating Plastic Debris Density (ICEP) within Sustainable Development Goal 14 (life below water). SD... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Syntheses of large complex catalysts are time and resource consuming. An unexpected deviation from the design could be disastrous. Once a catalyst is discovered, modification for further adjustment could be so synthetically challenging that it is easier to study the poor catalyst than to improve it. | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
An organophosphinic acid is an organophosphorus compound with the formula RHPOH (R = alkyl, aryl). One or both P-H bonds in the parent hypophosphorous acid (aka phosphinic acid) are replaced by organic groups. The Cyanex family of dialkylphosphinic acids are used in hydrometallurgy to extract metals from ores. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Tartaric acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados, and citrus. Its salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation. Potassium bitartrate is commonly mi... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The SH2 (Src Homology 2) domain is a structurally conserved protein domain contained within the Src oncoprotein and in many other intracellular signal-transducing proteins. SH2 domains bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on other proteins, modifying the function or activity of the SH2-containing protein. The SH2 ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A bilayer is a double layer of closely packed atoms or molecules.
The properties of bilayers are often studied in condensed matter physics, particularly in the context of semiconductor devices, where two distinct materials are united to form junctions, such as p–n junctions, Schottky junctions, etc. Layered materials, ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Australia and New Zealand published nutrient reference values including guidelines for dietary vitamin D intake in 2006. About a third of Australians have vitamin D deficiency. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Molecular machines are a class of molecules typically described as an assembly of a discrete number of molecular components intended to produce mechanical movements in response to specific stimuli, mimicking macromolecular devices such as switches and motors. Naturally occurring or biological molecular machines are re... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The branched and cyclic nature of carbohydrates poses particular problems to structure validation tools. At higher resolutions, it is possible to determine the sequence/structure of oligo- and poly-saccharides, both as covalent modifications and as ligands. However, at lower resolutions (typically lower than 2.0Å), seq... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hemiaminal formation is a key step in an asymmetric total synthesis of saxitoxin:
In this reaction step the alkene group is first oxidized to an intermediate acyloin by action of osmium(III) chloride, oxone (sacrificial catalyst) and sodium carbonate (base). | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In comparison to cationic cyclizations, radical cyclizations avoid issues associated with Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements, do not require strongly acidic conditions, and can be kinetically controlled. Cationic cyclizations are usually thermodynamically controlled. Radical cyclizations are much faster than analogous anio... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Sodium ions () are necessary in small amounts for some types of plants, but sodium as a nutrient is more generally needed in larger amounts by animals, due to their use of it for generation of nerve impulses and for maintenance of electrolyte balance and fluid balance. In animals, sodium ions are necessary for the afor... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the oil and gas industry, green oil refers to oligomers formed in all C2, C3, and C4 hydrogenation reactors of ethylene plants and other petrochemical production facilities; it is a mixture of C4 to C20 unsaturated and reactive components with about 90% aliphatic dienes and 10% of alkanes plus alkenes. Different het... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Spherical top molecules have no net dipole moment. A pure rotational spectrum cannot be observed by absorption or emission spectroscopy because there is no permanent dipole moment whose rotation can be accelerated by the electric field of an incident photon. Also the polarizability is isotropic, so that pure rotational... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Life That Glows (also known as David Attenborough’s Light on Earth) is a 2016 British nature documentary programme made for BBC Television, first shown in the UK on BBC Two on 9 May 2016. The programme is presented and narrated by Sir David Attenborough.
Life That Glows depicts the biology and ecology of bioluminescent... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For samples which scatter light, absorbance is defined as "the negative logarithm of one minus absorptance (absorption fraction: ) as measured on a uniform sample". For decadic absorbance, this may be symbolized as If a sample both transmits and remits light, and is not luminescent, the fraction of light absorbed rem... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy is one of the two branches of extractive metallurgy which pertains to the processes of reducing valuable, non-iron metals from ores or raw material. Metals like zinc, copper, lead, aluminium as well as rare and noble metals are of particular interest in this field, while the more commo... | 8 | Metallurgy |
First held in 1908, the [https://iifiir.org/en/iir-conferences-series International Congress of Refrigeration] of the IIR is a flagship event that converges industry and research.
Covering all fields of refrigeration, the Congress, which takes place every four years, reunites key international stakeholders and provide... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In Complex I (NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Type I NADH dehydrogenase, or mitochondrial complex I; ), two electrons are removed from NADH and transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H) ac... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A first order reaction depends on the concentration of only one reactant (a unimolecular reaction). Other reactants can be present, but their concentration has no effect on the rate. The rate law for a first order reaction is
Although not affecting the above math, the majority of first order reactions proceed via inter... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The evaluated parameters are:
* time to specimen failure (e.g., breakage, or from other "failure" criteria)
* ductility (by elongation to fracture or the reduction of the area)
* ultimate tensile strength (from the maximum load)
* area under the elongation - load curve (which represents the fracture energy)
* percent ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
An estimated 30% of agrichemical compounds contain fluorine. Most of them are used as poisons, but a few stimulate growth instead.
Sodium fluoroacetate has been used as an insecticide, but it is especially effective against mammalian pests. The name "1080" refers to the catalogue number of the poison, which became its... | 1 | Biochemistry |
RNA polymerase II (also called RNAP II and Pol II) is an enzyme found in eukaryotic cells. It catalyzes the transcription of DNA to synthesize precursors of mRNA and most snRNA and microRNA. In humans, RNAP II consists of seventeen protein molecules (gene products encoded by POLR2A-L, where the proteins synthesized fro... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dedicated or partially dedicated GISAXS beamlines exist at most synchrotron light sources (for instance Advanced Light Source (ALS), Australian Synchrotron, APS, ELETTRA (Italy), Diamond (UK), ESRF, National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Pohang Light Source (South Korea), SOLEIL (France), Shanghai Synchrotron ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Gold mined from the Cordillera Mountain Range were brought down to the coast through the Aringay-Tonglo-Balatok gold trail, making commercial trade centers out of Aringay and the neighboring settlement of Agoo, whose coast at the time was shaped in such a way that it was a good harbor for foreign vessels coming into Li... | 8 | Metallurgy |
There are two major classes of Neuraminidase that cleave exo or endo poly-sialic acids:
* Exo hydrolysis of α-(2→3)-, α-(2→6)-, α-(2→8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic acid residues
* Endo hydrolysis of (2→8)-α-sialosyl linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids (see endo-α-sialidase.) | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Hydrogen embrittlement is a volume effect: it affects the volume of the material. Environmental embrittlement is a surface effect where molecules from the atmosphere surrounding the material under test are adsorbed onto the fresh crack surface. This is most clearly seen from fatigue measurements where the measured crac... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Secondary electrons are also the main means of viewing images in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The range of secondary electrons depends on the energy. Plotting the inelastic mean free path as a function of energy often shows characteristics of the "universal curve" familiar to electron spectroscopists and su... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Total thyroxine is rarely measured, having been largely superseded by free thyroxine tests. Total thyroxine (Total T) is generally elevated in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism. It is usually slightly elevated in pregnancy secondary to increased levels of thyroid binding globulin (TBG).
Total T4 is measur... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Tebbe's reagent itself does not react with carbonyl compounds, but must first be treated with a mild Lewis base, such as pyridine, which generates the active Schrock carbene.
Also analogous to the Wittig reagent, the reactivity appears to be driven by the high oxophilicity of Ti(IV). The Schrock carbene (1) reacts with... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
*Zelinsky did not patent the gas mask he invented, believing that one should not profit from human misfortunes, and Russia transferred the right to produce it to the Allies.
*The only surviving copy of the first gas mask is in Zelinsky's apartment.
*During an internship in Germany before the start of the war, Zelinsky ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The basic idea of quantum typicality is that the vast majority of all pure states featuring a common expectation value of some generic observable at a given time will yield very similar expectation values of the same observable at any later time.
This is meant to apply to Schrödinger type dynamics in high dimensional ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Generically: Rg + X + hν → RgX + X, where Rg is a rare gas and X is a halogen
* Ba...FCH + hν → BaF + CH
*K + CHI → KI + CH | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
While the synthesis of nanocrystalline feedstocks in the form of foils, powders, and wires is relatively straightforward, the tendency of nanocrystalline feedstocks to coarsen upon extended exposure to elevated temperatures means that low-temperature and rapid densification techniques are necessary to consolidate these... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Soil supplementation with molasses increases microbial synthesis of MA. This is thought to occur naturally as part of soil microbe suppression of disease, so soil amendment with molasses can be used as a crop treatment in horticulture. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cytochrome f is the largest subunit of cytochrome bf complex (plastoquinol—plastocyanin reductase; ). In its structure and functions, the cytochrome b6f complex bears extensive analogy to the cytochrome bc1 complex of mitochondria and photosynthetic purple bacteria. Cytochrome f (cyt f) plays a role analogous to ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Alain Berton was awarded the Medal of the International Bureau of Analytical Chemistry (BICA)- International fight against chemical weapons. led by :fr:Paul Nicolardot. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A more complex, specific example of crosstalk between two major signaling pathways can be observed with the interaction of the cAMP and MAPK signaling pathways in the activation of lymphocytes. In this case, components of the cAMP pathway directly and indirectly affect MAPK signaling pathway meant to activate genes inv... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Because of their low vapour pressure, PCBs accumulate primarily in the hydrosphere, despite their hydrophobicity, in the organic fraction of soil, and in organisms including the human body. The hydrosphere is the main reservoir. The immense volume of water in the oceans is still capable of dissolving a significant quan... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Eukaryotic RNA must undergo a series of modifications in order to be exported from the nucleus and successfully translated into function proteins, many of which are dependent on mRNA capping, the first mRNA modification to take place. 5 capping is essential for mRNA stability, enhancing mRNA processing, mRNA export an... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Combustion spraying equipment produces an intense flame, which may have a peak temperature more than 3,100 °C and is very bright. Electric arc spraying produces ultra-violet light which may damage delicate body tissues. Plasma also generates quite a lot of UV radiation, easily burning exposed skin and can also cause "f... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Neculai Costăchescu (18 February 1876–14 July 1939) was a Romanian chemist and politician.
Born in Huși, he obtained a degree in physics and chemistry from Iași University in 1901. Costăchescu earned a doctorate from the same institution in 1905, with a thesis on the gases found in Romanias salt deposits and mudd... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Iron ore in the form of siderite, commonly known as iron stone or historically as mine, occurs in patches or bands in the Cretaceous clays of the Weald. Differing qualities of ore were extracted and mixed by experienced smelters to give the best results. Sites of opencast quarries survive from the pre-Roman and Roman e... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Translation promotes transcription elongation and regulates transcription termination. Functional coupling between transcription and translation is caused by direct physical interactions between the ribosome and RNA polymerase ("expressome complex"), ribosome-dependent changes to nascent mRNA secondary structure which ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Most of the alkaloids have a tertiary amine group, so the explanation for color reaction could be the following:
:( = anions of acid)
Then the insoluble complex salt is formed from the reaction between ammonium salt and potassium tetraiodobismuthate.
This ion pair has different colors: yellow, orange, red, and brown, w... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
ClSOOH is used to prepare alkyl sulfates, which are useful as detergents and as chemical intermediates:
:ROH + ClSOH → ROSOH + HCl
An early synthesis of saccharin begins with the reaction of toluene with ClSOOH to give the ortho- and para-toluenesulfonyl chloride derivatives:
:CHCH + 2 ClSOOH → CHCHSOCl + HSO + HCl
Oxi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
An inverted repeat (or IR) is a single stranded sequence of nucleotides followed downstream by its reverse complement. The intervening sequence of nucleotides between the initial sequence and the reverse complement can be any length including zero. For example, is an inverted repeat sequence. When the intervening leng... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Acquired conditions in which mitochondrial dysfunction has been involved are:
* diabetes
* Huntington's disease
* cancer
* Alzheimer's disease,
* Parkinson's disease
* bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, aging and senescence, anxiety disorders
* cardiovascular disease
* sarcopenia
* chronic fatigue syndrome
* ALS
The body... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Speisses are alloys of heavy metals like iron, cobalt, nickel and copper with arsenic, antimony and, occasionally, tin. The latter elements lower the melting point to around 1000 °C. Speisses commonly occur in lead smelting operations and copper smelting operations.
Speisses are only partially miscible with mattes, a... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Some molecular tweezers bind aromatic guests. These molecular tweezers consist of a pair of anthracene arms held at a distance that allows aromatic guests to gain π–π interactions from both (see Figure). Other molecular tweezers feature a pair of tethered porphyrins.
Yet another type of molecular tweezers bind fullere... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Quantum efficiency (QE) is the fraction of photon flux that contributes to the photocurrent in a photodetector or
a pixel. Quantum efficiency is one of the most important parameters used to evaluate the quality of a detector and is often called the spectral response to reflect its wavelength dependence. It is defined a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Up-regulated expression of genes in mammals can be initiated when signals are transmitted to the promoters associated with the genes. Cis-regulatory DNA sequences that are located in DNA regions distant from the promoters of genes can have very large effects on gene expression, with some genes undergoing up to 100-fol... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Yttrium is used in the production of a large variety of synthetic garnets, and yttria is used to make yttrium iron garnets (, also "YIG"), which are very effective microwave filters which were recently shown to have magnetic interactions more complex and longer-ranged than understood over the previous four decades. Ytt... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Quantum logic spectroscopy (QLS) is an ion control scheme that maps quantum information between two co-trapped ion species. Quantum logic operations allow desirable properties of each ion species to be utilized simultaneously. This enables work with ions and molecular ions that have complex internal energy level struct... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In environmental terms, the residence time definition is adapted to fit with ground water, the atmosphere, glaciers, lakes, streams, and oceans. More specifically it is the time during which water remains within an aquifer, lake, river, or other water body before continuing around the hydrological cycle. The time invol... | 9 | Geochemistry |
This enzyme is often listed in medical literature under incorrect name "creatinine kinase". Creatinine is not a substrate or a product of the enzyme. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Agmatine produces mild reductions in heart rate and blood pressure, apparently by activating both central and peripheral control systems via modulation of several of its molecular targets including: imidazoline receptors subtypes, norepinephrine release and NO production. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dielectric relaxation as a whole is the result of the movement of dipoles (dipole relaxation) and electric charges (ionic relaxation) due to an applied alternating field, and is usually observed in the frequency range 10-10 Hz. Relaxation mechanisms are relatively slow compared to resonant electronic transitions or mol... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In photonics, band gaps or stop bands are ranges of photon frequencies where, if tunneling effects are neglected, no photons can be transmitted through a material. A material exhibiting this behaviour is known as a photonic crystal. The concept of hyperuniformity has broadened the range of photonic band gap materials, ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Recently, photoredox catalysis has been applied to biocatalysis, enabling unique, previously inaccessible transformations. Photoredox chemistry relies upon light to generate free radical intermediates. These radical intermediates are achiral thus racemic mixtures of product are obtained when no external chiral environm... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 2010, CDP was called "The most powerful green NGO you've never heard of" by the Harvard Business Review. In 2012 it won the Zayed Future Energy Prize. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Several key technologies are used for the production of fine chemicals, including
*Chemical synthesis, either from petrochemical starting materials or from natural products extracts
*Biotechnology, for small molecules biocatalysis (enzymatic methods), biosynthesis (fermentation), and, for big molecules, cell culture te... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Some fisheye lenses use a stereographic projection to capture a wide-angle view. Compared to more traditional fisheye lenses which use an equal-area projection, areas close to the edge retain their shape, and straight lines are less curved. However, stereographic fisheye lenses are typically more expensive to manufactu... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The effective overall energy unit for the available body energy is referred to as the daily glycogen generation capacity, and is used to compare the mitochondrial output of affected or chronically glycogen-depleted individuals to healthy individuals. This value is slow to change in a given individual, as it takes betwe... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bismuth polycations form despite the fact that they possess fewer total valence electrons than would seem necessary for the number of sigma bonds. The shapes of these clusters are generally dictated by Wade's rules, which are based on the treatment of the electronic structure as delocalized molecular orbitals. The bond... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Reactions of relatively simple coordination complexes have been examined as tests of PCET.
*The comproportionation of a Ru(II) aquo and a Ru(IV) oxo (bipy = (2,2'-bipyridine, py = pyridine):
:[(bipy)(py)Ru(O)] + [(bipy)(py)Ru(OH)] → 2 [(bipy)(py)Ru(OH)]
*Electrochemical reactions where reduction is coupled to protonat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The AFLP technology has the capability to detect various polymorphisms in different genomic regions simultaneously. It is also highly sensitive and reproducible. As a result, AFLP has become widely used for the identification of genetic variation in strains or closely related species of plants, fungi, animals, and bact... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In this group of mechanisms, the strain is accommodated by migration of vacancies in crystallographic lattice. This results in a change in crystal shape involving the transfer of mass by diffusion. These migrations are oriented towards sites of maximum stress and are limited by the grain boundaries; which conditions a ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
AGEs have a range of pathological effects, such as:
* Increased vascular permeability.
* Increased arterial stiffness
* Inhibition of vascular dilation by interfering with nitric oxide.
* Oxidizing LDL.
* Binding cells—including macrophage, endothelial, and mesangial—to induce the secretion of a variety of cytokines.
... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the study of plants' photorespiration, the labeling of atmosphere by oxygen-18 allows for the measurement of oxygen uptake by the photorespiration pathway. Labeling by gives the unidirectional flux of uptake, while there is a net photosynthetic evolution. It was demonstrated that, under preindustrial atmosphere, ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Gilbert Stork (December 31, 1921 – October 21, 2017) was an organic chemist. For a quarter of a century he was the Eugene Higgins Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Columbia University. He is known for making significant contributions to the total synthesis of natural products, including a lifelong fascination with the... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Primary ketimines can be synthesized via a Grignard reaction with a nitrile. This method is known as Moureu-Mignonac ketimine synthesis. For example, benzophenone imine can also be synthesized by addition of phenylmagnesium bromide to benzonitrile followed by careful hydrolysis (lest the imine be hydrolyzed):
:CHCN ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
*Post-translational modification of proteins in proteins generated by cell-free protein synthesis is still limited compared to the traditional methods, and may not be as biologically relevant. | 1 | Biochemistry |
GABA receptor antagonists are drugs that inhibit the action of GABA. In general these drugs produce stimulant and convulsant effects, and are mainly used for counteracting overdoses of sedative drugs.
Examples include bicuculline, securinine and metrazol, and the benzodiazepine GABA receptor antagonist flumazenil.
Oth... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Segregation of a solute to surfaces and grain boundaries in a solid produces a section of material with a discrete composition and its own set of properties that can have important (and often deleterious) effects on the overall properties of the material. These zones with an increased concentration of solute can be tho... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In a colloid, the colloidal particles are said to be in sedimentation equilibrium if the rate of sedimentation is equal to the rate of movement from Brownian motion. For dilute colloids, this is described using the Laplace-Perrin distribution law:
where
is the colloidal particle volume fraction as a function of vertic... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Protein skimming removes certain organic compounds, including proteins and amino acids found in food particles and fish waste, by using the polarity of the protein itself. Due to their intrinsic charge, water-borne proteins are either repelled or attracted by the air/water interface and these molecules can be described... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
No single method can assess impact of contamination-induced degradation of sediment across aquatic communities. Methods of each component of the triad should be selected for efficacy and relevance in lab and field tests. Application of the SQT is typically location-specific and can be used to compare differences in sed... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
CSMBLM publishes the scientific journal Biochemia Medica in the English language three times a year. It is included in databases such as Current Contents (Clinical Medicine), Medline, PubMed Central (PMC), Science Citation Index Expanded™ (SCIE, Thomson Reuters), Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition (JCR, Thomson R... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Non-expendable mold casting differs from expendable processes in that the mold need not be reformed after each production cycle. This technique includes at least four different methods: permanent, die, centrifugal, and continuous casting. This form of casting also results in improved repeatability in parts produced and... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The ada gene has regulatory and repair activities, both really close to each other. For the regulation to occur, the ada protein must be activated, which is a consequence of the DNA repair activity. | 1 | Biochemistry |
To measure the rate constants, known concentrations of receptor and ligand are mixed in solution and the quantity of free receptor is repeatedly measured over time as the solution phase reaction occurs. The time course of the free receptor depletion is then fit with a standard bimolecular rate equation.
(4) dLR/dt = k∙... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The development of metal carbonyl clusters such as Ni(CO) and Fe(CO) led quickly to the isolation of Fe(CO) and Fe(CO). Rundle and Dahl discovered that Mn(CO) featured an "unsupported" Mn-Mn bond, thereby verifying the ability of metals to bond to one another in molecules. In the 1970s, Paolo Chini demonstrated that v... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A large number of chemical compounds are known to exhibit one or several liquid crystalline phases. Despite significant differences in chemical composition, these molecules have some common features in chemical and physical properties. There are three types of thermotropic liquid crystals: discotic, conic (bowlic), and... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The typical FCS setup consists of a laser line (wavelengths ranging typically from 405–633 nm (cw), and from 690–1100 nm (pulsed)), which is reflected into a microscope objective by a dichroic mirror. The laser beam is focused in the sample, which contains fluorescent particles (molecules) in such high dilution, that o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Contraindications of drospirenone include renal impairment or chronic kidney disease, adrenal insufficiency, presence or history of cervical cancer or other progestogen-sensitive cancers, benign or malignant liver tumors or hepatic impairment, undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding, and hyperkalemia (high potassium leve... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In organic chemistry, the Murai reaction is an organic reaction that uses C-H activation to create a new C-C bond between a terminal or strained internal alkene and an aromatic compound using a ruthenium catalyst. The reaction, named after Shinji Murai, was first reported in 1993. While not the first example of C-H ac... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Due to the experimental ease of its use, BMS has become common in hydroboration reactions. In hydroborations with BMS, the dimethylsulfide dissociates in situ, liberating diborane, which rapidly adds to the unsaturated bonds. The resulting organoborane compounds are useful intermediates in organic synthesis. Boranes ad... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Pelletizing of animal feeds can result in pellets from (shrimp feeds), through to (poultry feeds) up to (stock feeds). The pelletizing of stock feed is done with the pellet mill machinery, which is done in a feed mill. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Naturally occurring alcohol derivatives of capnellene have been isolated using simple acetone extraction from Capnella imbricata, a species of soft coral (order Alcyonacea) known as Kenya Tree Coral. Capnella is a widely distributed genus of soft coral, found primarily in the tropical reefs of Indonesia. These corals... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Before the mission of Lunar Prospector lunar satellite, it was commonly thought that these KREEP materials had been formed in a widespread layer beneath the crust. However, the measurements from the gamma-ray spectrometer on-board this satellite showed that the KREEP-containing rocks are primarily concentrated undernea... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The fraction collector is typically a rotating rack that can be filled with test tubes or similar containers. It allows samples to be collected in fixed volumes, or can be controlled to direct specific fractions detected as peaks of protein concentration, into separate containers.
Many systems include various optional ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
By applying an additional electrode on a nanochannel as the gate electrode, it is possible to adjust the electrical potential inside the channel. A nanofluidic field-effect transistor can be made of silica nanotubes with an oxide as the dielectric material between the metal gate electrode and the channel. The tuning of... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Creutz–Taube complex is a robust, readily analyzed, mixed-valence complex consisting of otherwise equivalent Ru(II) and Ru(III) centers bridged by the pyrazine. This complex serves as a model for the bridged intermediate invoked in inner-sphere electron transfer. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Alternative Splicing and Transcript Diversity database (ASTD) was a database of transcript variants maintained by the European Bioinformatics Institute from 2008 to 2012. It contained transcription initiation, polyadenylation and splicing variant data. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Considering as example the decomposition of nitrogen dioxide into nitrogen monoxide and molecular oxygen:
Based on the red "line of best fit" plotted in the graph given above:
Points read from graph:
Slope of red line = (4.1 − 2.2) / (0.0015 − 0.00165) = −12,667
Intercept [y-value at x = 0] of red line = 4.1 + (0.0015... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Early items designed and produced by Friedrich Deusch are very classical, and this was followed by an abstract phase of Art Déco in its purest form. From the 1950s, it was more a concrete style with flowers and so forth. Deusch applied silver overlay to vases, plates, coffee and tea services, and other items.
From the ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Hemoglobin (haemoglobin, Hb or Hgb) is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transport of oxygen in red blood cells. Almost all vertebrates contain hemoglobin, with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae. Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs (lungs or gills) to the other... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
As a result of McCrones work on the Vinland Map, British author and researcher Ian Wilson approached McCrone in 1974 about the possibility of scientifically analyzing the Shroud of Turin, a length of linen cloth that has been venerated for centuries as the burial shroud of Jesus upon which his image is miraculously imp... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
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