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Founded in 1877 the North Australian Pastoral Company is one of Australia's leading agricultural enterprises as well as being one of its oldest and largest. NAPCO’S rangelands span 6.4 million hectares across both Queensland and the Northern Territory where a variety of stations have been established. The company is cu... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids are two molecules responsible for harvesting light energy. Current models of the organization of bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids (the main constituents) inside the chlorosomes have put them in a lamellar organization, where the long farnesol tails of the bacteriochlorophyll inter... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Among Palestinians, the liquid is known simply as "shit". Amnesty International, BTselem, and the Association for Civil Rights in Israel have been critical of the IDFs use of the product. Concerns have included accusations of indiscriminate use against people, homes, and businesses not involved in demonstrations. The I... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Camphorsultam, or Oppolzer's sultam, is a classic chiral auxiliary.
In the total synthesis of manzacidin B, Ohfune group utilized camphorsultam to construct the core oxazoline ring asymmetrically. Comparing with oxazolidinone as the chiral auxiliary, camphorsultam had a significant (2S,3R)-selectivity.
Camphorsultam al... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Upon the identification of the early targets of arginylation by ATE1 (in vitro and in vivo), a pattern emerged. This pattern showed that ATE1 displayed a high affinity for proteins and peptides containing the acidic amino acids asparagine or glutamine which were exposed on the N-terminal side of the protein or peptide.... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Other organelles of the microbody family related to peroxisomes include glyoxysomes of plants and filamentous fungi, glycosomes of kinetoplastids, and Woronin bodies of filamentous fungi. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dose-dependent changes of heart rate and cardiac output are observed within the first hour after administration of ractopamine and gradually return to baseline values. The systolic blood pressure will also increase in a dose-dependent manner, while the diastolic pressure remains unchanged. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
* The Bay, a 2012 found footage-style eco-horror movie about a pandemic due to deadly pollution from chicken factory farm run-off and mutant isopods and aquatic parasites able to infect humans.
* Expedition Chesapeake, A Journey of Discovery, a 2019 film starring Jeff Corwin created by The Whitaker Center for Science a... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The polymer-supported synthesis of β-mannosides based on the Crich’s protocol has also been studied in the same laboratories. As shown in Scheme 4, diol 17 was first reacted with polystyrylboronic acid (18) to offer the bound donor 19, in which 4,6-O-phenylboronates served as the torsionally disarming protecting group.... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Most modern laboratories use a refinement of total plate count in which serial dilutions of the sample are vacuum filtered through purpose made membrane filters and these filters are themselves laid on nutrient medium within sealed plates. The methodology is otherwise similar to conventional total plate counts. Membran... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Section 1.3 explains the rules for writing scientific symbols and names, for example, where to use capital letters or italics, and where their use is incorrect. The typographical rules are extensive, including even such detail as whether "20°C" or "20 °C" is the correct form. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The "hard ionization" process of electron ionization can be softened by the cooling of the molecules before their ionization, resulting in mass spectra that are richer in information. In this method named cold electron ionization (cold-EI) the molecules exit the GC column, mixed with added helium make up gas and expand... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Since NMR spectroscopy has been available to chemists, there have been numerous studies on the applications of this technique. One of these noted the difference in the chemical shift (i.e. the distance between the peaks) of two diastereomers. Conversely, two compounds that are enantiomers have the same NMR spectral pro... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In plant physiology, the Warburg effect is the decrease in the rate of photosynthesis due to high oxygen concentrations. Oxygen is a competitive inhibitor of carbon dioxide fixation by RuBisCO which initiates photosynthesis. Furthermore, oxygen stimulates photorespiration which reduces photosynthetic output. These tw... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Visiting professor: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 1972; Energy Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, 1979; University of Strasbourg, France, 1990; University of Leuven, Belgium, 1991; University of Bordeaux, France, 1994. Chairman: Gruppo Italiano di Fotochimica (1982–1986), Europ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Pre-mRNAs of the Transformer (Tra) gene of Drosophila melanogaster undergo alternative splicing via the alternative acceptor site mode. The gene Tra encodes a protein that is expressed only in females. The primary transcript of this gene contains an intron with two possible acceptor sites. In males, the upstream accept... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A variety of organisms regulate their light production using different luciferases in a variety of light-emitting reactions. The majority of studied luciferases have been found in animals, including fireflies, and many marine animals such as copepods, jellyfish, and the sea pansy. However, luciferases have been studied... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dextroamphetamine is available as a transdermal patch containing dextroamphetamine base under the brand name Xelstrym. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The eastern meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), sometimes called the field mouse or meadow mouse, is a North American vole found in eastern Canada and the United States. Its range extends farther south along the Atlantic coast.
The western meadow vole, Florida salt marsh vole, and beach vole were formerly considered... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Inert solids are produced in all montane rivers as the energy of the water helps grind away rocks into gravel, sand and finer material. Much of this settles very quickly and provides an important substrate for many aquatic organisms. Many salmonid fish require beds of gravel and sand in which to lay their eggs. Many ot... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Müllerian mimicry relies on aposematism, or warning signals. Dangerous organisms with these honest signals are avoided by predators, which quickly learn after a bad experience not to pursue the same unprofitable prey again. Learning is not actually necessary for animals which instinctively avoid certain prey; however, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In NMR spectroscopy, e.g. of the nuclei H, C and Si, frequencies depend on the magnetic field, which is not the same across all experiments. Therefore, frequencies are reported as relative differences to tetramethylsilane (TMS), an internal standard that George Tiers proposed in 1958 and that the International Union of... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In chemistry, hydration energy (also hydration enthalpy) is the amount of energy released when one mole of ions undergoes hydration. Hydration energy is one component in the quantitative analysis of solvation. It is a particular special case of water. The value of hydration energies is one of the most challenging aspe... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Many varieties of coordination cages exist.
In general, coordination cages are either homoleptic or heteroleptic. That is, they assembled either from a single type of ligand or multiple types. Generic coordination cages are often classified just as coordination complexes, with a MxLy formula. Heteroleptic complexes ty... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
As a trigonal bipyramidal molecule undergoes Berry pseudorotation, it proceeds via an intermediary stage with the square pyramidal geometry. Thus even though the geometry is rarely seen as the ground state, it is accessed by a low energy distortion from a trigonal bipyramid.
Pseudorotation also occurs in square pyrami... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Luciferin () is a generic term for the light-emitting compound found in organisms that generate bioluminescence. Luciferins typically undergo an enzyme-catalyzed reaction with molecular oxygen. The resulting transformation, which usually involves breaking off a molecular fragment, produces an excited state intermediate... | 1 | Biochemistry |
While at PAEC, Qureshi joined the chemistry department of Quaid-e-Azam University as an associate professor. In the 1990s, he joined the Punjab University to teach post-graduate course on physical chemistry. In the 2000s, he joined the Lahore University of Management Sciences's School of Science and Engineering as dire... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Abnormal or discontinuous grain growth, also referred to as exaggerated or secondary recrystallisation grain growth, is a grain growth phenomenon in which certain energetically favorable grains (crystallites) grow rapidly in a matrix of finer grains, resulting in a bimodal grain-size distribution.
In ceramic materials,... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A molecular demon or biological molecular machine is a biological macromolecule that resembles and seems to have the same properties as Maxwells demon. These macromolecules gather information in order to recognize their substrate or ligand within a myriad of other molecules floating in the intracellular or extracellula... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Arguably, the most common hemiacetals are sugars, for example glucose. The favorability of the formation of a strain-free six-membered ring and the electrophilicity of an aldehyde combine to strongly favor the acetal form. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Due to the binding of metal ions being essential for various enzymes to maintain their enzymatic activity, thiomers are potent reversible enzyme inhibitors. Many non-invasively administered drugs such as therapeutic peptides or nucleic acids are degraded on the mucosa by membrane bound enzymes strongly reducing their b... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Organic scavenger resins have been used commercially in water filters as early as 1997. As an alternative to reverse osmosis, organic anion resins (scavenger resins) have been used to remove impurities from drinking water. These types of resins are able to remove the negatively charged organic molecules in water, like ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Coupled reactions are reactions whose rate or equilibrium constant is not the same for the oxidized and reduced forms of the species that is being investigated. For example, reduction should favour protonation (): the protonation reaction is coupled to the reduction at . The binding of a small molecule (other than the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The rate of carboxylation (V) is the rate that RuBisCO fixes CO to RuBP under substrate saturated conditions. A higher value of V corresponds to a higher rate of carboxylation. This rate of carboxylation can also be represented through its Michaelis-Menten constant K, with a higher value of K corresponding to a higher ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins, and thereby control gene expression. Such remodeling is principally carried out by 1) covalent histone modifications by specific enzymes, e.g., histone ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A standard configuration for a Penning trap consists of a ring electrode and two end caps. A static voltage differential between the ring and end caps confines ions along the axial direction (between end caps). However, as expected from Earnshaw's theorem, the static electric potential is not sufficient to trap an ion ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Neutrophil apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is vital in controlling the duration of the early inflammatory response, thus restricting damage to tissues by the neutrophils. ANCA may be developed either via ineffective apoptosis or ineffective removal of apoptotic cell fragments, leading to the exposure of the immune... | 1 | Biochemistry |
This branch of engineering emerged gradually from chemical engineering as electrical power sources became available in the mid-19th century. Michael Faraday described his laws of electrolysis in 1833, relating for the first time the amount of electrical charge and converted mass. In 1886 Charles Martin Hall developed a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There is evidence for multiple euxinic events during the Phanerozoic. It is most likely that euxinia was periodic during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, but geologic data is too sparse to draw any large scale conclusions. In this eon, there is some evidence that euxinic events are potentially linked with mass extinction ev... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Progesterone also appears to be involved in the pathophysiology of breast cancer, though its role, and whether it is a promoter or inhibitor of breast cancer risk, has not been fully elucidated. Most progestins, or synthetic progestogens, like medroxyprogesterone acetate, have been found to increase the risk of breast ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) is used to measure the quantity of a PCR product (preferably real-time, QRT-PCR). It is the method of choice to quantitatively measure amounts of transgene DNA in a food or feed sample. Q-PCR is commonly used to determine whether a DNA sequence is present in a sample and the number of its copie... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Erythrolitmin (also called erythrolein) is the active ingredient extracted from the Litmus lichen, used in chemistry as a pH indicator. Erythrolitmin is related to the orceins, and consists essentially of several phenoxazone and orcinol residues. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Many methods exist for the preparation of ketones in industrial scale and academic laboratories. Ketones are also produced in various ways by organisms; see the section on biochemistry below.
In industry, the most important method probably involves oxidation of hydrocarbons, often with air. For example, a billion kilog... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Sevoflurane is a potent vasodilator, as such it induces a dose dependent reduction in blood pressure and cardiac output. It is a bronchodilator, however, in patients with pre-existing lung pathology, it may precipitate coughing and laryngospasm. It reduces the ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia, and impede... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Climate change is likely to increase the frequency, intensity and duration of cyanobacterial blooms in many eutrophic lakes, reservoirs and estuaries. Bloom-forming cyanobacteria produce a variety of neurotoxins, hepatotoxins and dermatoxins, which can be fatal to birds and mammals (including waterfowl, cattle and dogs... | 5 | Photochemistry |
An old-standing topic in grain growth is the evolution of the grains size distribution. Inspired by the work of Lifshitz and Slyozov on Ostwald ripening, Hillert has suggested that in a normal grain growth process the size distribution function must converge to a self-similar solution, i.e. it becomes invariant when th... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Nucleotides can be synthesized by a variety of means, both in vitro and in vivo.
In vitro, protecting groups may be used during laboratory production of nucleotides. A purified nucleoside is protected to create a phosphoramidite, which can then be used to obtain analogues not found in nature and/or to synthesize an oli... | 1 | Biochemistry |
When a liquid drop is put onto a flat surface, two situations may result. If the contact angle is zero, the situation is referred to as complete wetting. If the contact angle is between 0 and 180°, the situation is called partial wetting. A wetting transition is a surface phase transition from partial wetting to comple... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cleavage is a physical property traditionally used in mineral identification, both in hand-sized specimen and microscopic examination of rock and mineral studies. As an example, the angles between the prismatic cleavage planes for the pyroxenes (88–92°) and the amphiboles (56–124°) are diagnostic.
Crystal cleavage is o... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Based on the physical method of electroporation, nucleofection uses a combination of electrical parameters, generated by a device called Nucleofector, with cell-type specific reagents. The substrate is transferred directly into the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm. In contrast, other commonly used non-viral transfection ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cholesterol is precursor for steroid hormones including progestogens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Amphipathic Lipid Packing Sensor (ALPS) motifs were first identified in 2005 in ARFGAP1 and have been reviewed.
The curving of a phospholipid bilayer, for example into a liposome, causes disturbances to the packing of the lipids on the side of the bilayer that has the larger surface area (the outside of a liposome for ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
*Protection: Cushions the plasma membrane and protects it from chemical injury
*Immunity to infection: Enables the immune system to recognize and selectively attack foreign organisms
*Defense against cancer: Changes in the glycocalyx of cancerous cells enable the immune system to recognize and destroy them.
*Transplant... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The first synthetic ion channel was constructed by partial substitution on the primary rim of β-cyclodextrin. Other substituted β-cyclodextrins have since been reported, including thiol-modified cyclodextrins, an anion-selective oligobutylene channel, and various poly-ethyleneoxide linked starburst oligomers. Structur... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle reaction is catalyzed by RuBP oxygenase activity:
:RuBP + → Phosphoglycolate + 3-phosphoglycerate + 2
During the catalysis by RuBisCO, an activated intermediate is formed (an enediol intermediate) in the RuBisCO active site. This intermediate is able to react with either or ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Two waste products, dust and chips, form at the working surface during woodworking operations such as sawing, milling and sanding. These operations both shatter lignified wood cells and break out whole cells and groups of cells. Shattering of wood cells creates dust, while breaking out of whole groups of wood cells cr... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
One of Ted Ellis more famous works is an abstract depiction of Barack Obamas signature hope pose. Ellis painted the portrait in honor of Obamas 2008 Presidential inauguration. In Obama, the 44th President', Ellis uses red, blue, yellow, and green acrylic paint to portray Obama as someone who unites people across lines ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Crystal violet is used as a textile and paper dye, and is a component of navy blue and black inks for printing, ball-point pens, and inkjet printers. It is sometimes used to colourize diverse products such as fertilizer, antifreeze, detergent, and leather.
The dye is used as a histological stain, particularly in Gram s... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In the asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions, instead of using chiral ligands or chiral auxiliaries to differentiate the side selectivity of the dienolphiles, the differentiation of face selectivity of the dienes (especially for cyclopentadiene derivatives) using stereoelectronic effects have been reported by Woodward since... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Together with the formula above, the boiling-point elevation can in principle be used to measure the degree of dissociation or the molar mass of the solute. This kind of measurement is called ebullioscopy (Latin-Greek "boiling-viewing"). However, since superheating is difficult to avoid, precise ΔT measurements are dif... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Bharat graduated with a BA in Biological Sciences from the University of Oxford, UK. His studies were supported by a Rhodes Scholarship. He then undertook research at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany for his PhD working with John A. G. Briggs. He studied the structure and assembly of pat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Harmful algal bloom in coastal areas are also often referred to as "red tides". The term "red tide" is derived from blooms of any of several species of dinoflagellate, such as Karenia brevis. However, the term is misleading since algal blooms can widely vary in color, and growth of algae is unrelated to the tides. Not... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Metals in Earths inner core could possibly be in the chain-melted state, as suggested by several simulations, where metals such as titanium and iron displayed partially molten states, or quasi-solid properties. It is also possible that Earths mantle may contain metals like potassium in the chain-melted state; however, ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
*Hydrogenolysis of ester compounds to the corresponding alcohols, and carbon–carbon and carbon–oxygen double bonds to single bonds. For example, sebacoin, derived from the acyloin condensation of dimethyl sebacate, is hydrogenated to 1,2-cyclodecanediol by this catalyst. Phenanthrene is also reduced, at the 9,10 positi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A variety of further synthetic procedures are particularly useful in opening carbocyclic and other rings, generally which contain a double bound or other functional group "handle" to facilitate chemistry; these are termed ring-opening reactions. Examples include:
* ring opening metathesis, which can also be used to acc... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Perera is a Chartered Chemist (CChem.)by profession and a Registered Analytical Chemist of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom. He is a Fellow (FRSC) of the RSC of which he is an honorary life member and the former hony. secretary / treasurer (1984–1992) of its section in Sri Lanka.
He is also a ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Releaser pheromones are pheromones that cause an alteration in the behavior of the recipient. For example, some organisms use powerful attractant molecules to attract mates from a distance of two miles or more. In general, this type of pheromone elicits a rapid response, but is quickly degraded. In contrast, a primer p... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cathodic protection is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell. A simple method of protection connects protected metal to a more easily corroded "sacrificial anode" to act as the anode. The sacrificial metal, instead of the protected metal, then c... | 9 | Geochemistry |
When studying urease at about the same time as Michaelis and Menten were studying invertase, Donald Van Slyke and G. E. Cullen made essentially the opposite assumption, treating the first step not as an equilibrium but as an irreversible second-order reaction with rate constant . As their approach is never used today i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Alkylidenecyclopropanes more readily undergo C-C bond oxidative addition than cyclopropanes.
Following oxidative addition, 1,2-insertion mechanisms are common and reductive elimination yields the desired product. The 1,2-insertion step usually occurs with an alkyne, alkene, or allene and the final product is often a 5 ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Plasma protein binding refers to the degree to which medications attach to blood proteins within the blood plasma. A drug's efficacy may be affected by the degree to which it binds. The less bound a drug is, the more efficiently it can traverse or diffuse through cell membranes. Common blood proteins that drugs bind to... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In chemistry, persulfide refers to the functional group R-S-S-H. Persulfides are intermediates in the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur proteins and are invoked as precursors to hydrogen sulfide, a signaling molecule. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
With polymerase chain reaction (PCR) being among the most popular contexts in which DNA denaturation is desired, heating is the most frequent method of denaturation. Other than denaturation by heat, nucleic acids can undergo the denaturation process through various chemical agents such as formamide, guanidine, sodium s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A wealth of literature exists on the defensive chemistry of secondary metabolites produced by terrestrial plants and their antagonistic effects on pests and pathogens, likely owing to the fact that human society depends upon large-scale agricultural production to sustain global commerce. Since the 1950s, over 200,000 s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The centrifugal partition chromatograph instrument is constituted with a unique rotor which contains the column. This rotor rotates on its central axis (while HSCCC column rotates on its planetary axis and simultaneously rotates eccentrically about another solar axis). With less vibrations and noise, the CPC offers a t... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Since 1990 the number of European producers has been declining. The French SNPE factory closed in 1990; in 1993, the production of hexamethylenetetramine in Leuna, Germany ceased; in 1996, the Italian facility of Agrolinz closed down; in 2001, the UK producer Borden closed; in 2006, production at Chemko, Slovak Republ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Dexketoprofen is the (S)-enantiomer of ketoprofen. Technically it is a chiral switch of (±)-ketoprofen. The switch was done for a faster onset of action, a better therapeutic value. Dexketoprofen consists of a propionic acid moiety connected to a benzophenone molecule by its second carbon. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
*Rapid purification time: Products can be purified in short periods of time, relative to traditional techniques
*Product remains in solution: The product is not removed from solution, as in crystallization techniques.
*Reaction may be monitored: The purification process is controlled
*Traditional purity techniques may ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Primer pheromones trigger a change of developmental events (in which they differ from all the other pheromones, which trigger a change in behavior). They were first described in Schistocerca gregaria by Maud Norris in 1954. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In vertebrates, the majority of gene promoters contain a CpG island with numerous CpG sites. When many of a gene's promoter CpG sites are methylated the gene becomes silenced. Colorectal cancers typically have 3 to 6 driver mutations and 33 to 66 hitchhiker or passenger mutations. However, transcriptional silencing... | 1 | Biochemistry |
5-Diphosphomevalonic acid (or mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate, or 5-pyrophosphomevalonate) is an intermediate in the mevalonate pathway. | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are attempts to provide partition coefficients for drugs at a single-cell level. This strategy requires methods for the determination of concentrations in individual cells, i.e., with Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy or quantitative Image analysis. Partition coefficient at a single-cell level provides inform... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The continuum in the spectrum is the light with wavelengths between the lines. Polarization in the continuum is due to Rayleigh scattering by neutral hydrogen atoms (H I) and Thomson scattering by free electrons. Most of the opacity in the sun is due to the hydride ion, H which however does not alter polarization. I... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Jannik Bjerrum (son of Niels Bjerrum) developed the first general method for the determination of stability constants of metal-ammine complexes in 1941. The reasons why this occurred at such a late date, nearly 50 years after Alfred Werner had proposed the correct structures for coordination complexes, have been summar... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A fishs hypoxia tolerance can be represented in different ways. A commonly used representation is the critical O tension (P), which is the lowest water O tension (P consumption rate (M is therefore thought to be more hypoxia-tolerant than a fish with a higher P. But while P is often used to represent hypoxia tolerance,... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The Adamkiewicz reaction is part of a biochemical test used to detect the presence of the amino acid tryptophan in proteins. When concentrated sulfuric acid is combined with a solution of protein and glyoxylic acid, a red/purple colour is produced. It was named after its discoverer, Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz. Pure su... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ordinary spectroscopy is concerned with the spectra of single atoms or molecules. Here we outline the very different spectra of complexes consisting of two or more interacting atoms or molecules: the "interaction-induced" or "collision-induced" spectroscopy. Both ordinary and collision-induced spectra may be observed i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Dendrosomes have been explored as vectors in gene delivery and genetic immunization.
Poly (propyleneimine) dendrosome based genetic immunization against Hepatitis B was found to be highly effective as compared to Dendrimer-Plasmid DNA complex. It has been postulated that in dendrosomes, the poly (propyleneimine) dendri... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The cyclopentadienyl cation is another textbook example of an antiaromatic compound. It is conventionally understood to be planar, cyclic, and have 4 π electrons (4n for n=1) in a conjugated system.
However, it has long been questioned if the cyclopentadienyl cation is genuinely antiaromatic and recent discoveries have... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Bilirubin consists of an open-chain tetrapyrrole. It is formed by oxidative cleavage of a porphyrin in heme, which affords biliverdin. Biliverdin is reduced to bilirubin. After conjugation with glucuronic acid, bilirubin is water-soluble and can be excreted.
Bilirubin is structurally similar to the pigment phycobilin u... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Daltons law (also called Daltons law of partial pressures) states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. This empirical law was observed by John Dalton in 1801 and published in 1802. Dalton's law is related to the ideal ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering reference materials, analytical techniques, and data quality relevant to the chemical analysis of geological and environmental samples. The journal was established in 1977 as Geostandards Newsletter and modified its title i... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The FIDA principle is based on measuring the change in the apparent size (diffusivity) of a selective indicator interacting with the analyte molecule. The apparent indicator size is measured by Taylor dispersion analysis in a capillary under hydrodynamic flow. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Gold–aluminium intermetallic is a type of intermetallic compound of gold and aluminium which usually forms at contacts between the two metals. Gold–aluminium intermetallic have different properties from the individual metals, such as low conductivity and high melting point depending on their composition. Furthermore, D... | 8 | Metallurgy |
α-Neoendorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide with a decapeptide structure and the amino acid sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Pro-Lys.
α-Neoendorphin is a neuropeptide. Prodynorphin or Proenkephalin B is its precursor. Researchers and anatomists have not yet studied the distribution of α-neoendorphin in the h... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A carbamoyl chloride is the functional group with the formula RNC(O)Cl. The parent carbamoyl chloride, HNCOCl is unstable, but many N-substituted analogues are known. Most examples are moisture sensitive, colourless, and soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. An example is dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (m.p. −90 °C and b.... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate abbreviated InsP or Ins3P or IP is an inositol phosphate signaling molecule. It is made by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, by phospholipase C (PLC).
Together with diacylglycerol (DAG)... | 1 | Biochemistry |
MoOPH is synthesized from molybdenum trioxide by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and addition of the HMPA and pyridine ligands: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Pressure jump is a technique used in the study of chemical kinetics. It involves making rapid changes to the pressure of an experimental system and observing the return to equilibrium or steady state. This allows the study of the shift in equilibrium of reactions that equilibrate in periods between milliseconds to ho... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Phosphinates or hypophosphites are a class of phosphorus compounds conceptually based on the structure of hypophosphorous acid. IUPAC prefers the term phosphinate in all cases, however in practice hypophosphite is usually used to describe inorganic species (e.g. sodium hypophosphite), while phosphinate typically refers... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
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