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Polymers with thermally induced shape-memory effect are those polymers that respond to external stimuli and because of this have the ability to change their shape. The thermally induced shape-memory effect results from a combination of proper processing and programming of the system.
This effect can be observed in poly... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The ciliate, dasycladacean and Hexamita nuclear code (translation table 6) is a genetic code used by certain ciliate, dasycladacean and Hexamita species.
The ciliate macronuclear code has not been determined completely. The codon UAA is known to code for Gln only in the Oxytrichidae. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Just like the many uses of plasma, there are several means for its generation. However, one principle is common to all of them: there must be energy input to produce and sustain it. For this case, plasma is generated when an electric current is applied across a dielectric gas or fluid (an electrically non-conducting ma... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Tardigrade specific proteins are types of intrinsically disordered proteins specific to tardigrades. These proteins help tardigrades survive desiccation, one of the adaptations which contribute to tardigrade's extremotolerant nature. Tardigrade specific proteins are strongly influenced by their environment, leading to ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As an ACE inhibitor, moexipril causes a decrease in ACE. This blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Blockage of angiotensin II limits hypertension within the vasculature. Additionally, moexipril has been found to possess cardioprotective properties. Rats given moexipril one week prior to induction o... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) supported Cu complexes catalyze carboxylation of organoboronic esters. The catalyst forms in situ from CuCl, an NHC ligand, and KOBu. Copper tert-butoxide can transmetallate with the organoboronic ester to generate the Cu-C bond, which intermediate can insert into CO smoothly to get the res... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The concentration of HCFC-141b in the atmosphere grew to near 25 parts per trillion by year 2016. It has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.12. This is low compared to the ODP=1 of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11, R-11), which also grew about ten times more abundant in the atmosphere prior to introduction of HFC... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The temperature-based phase behavior of ELPs can be utilized to produce stiff networks that may be compatible with cellular regeneration applications. At high concentrations (weight percent exceeding 15%), the ELP transition from a linear state to a spherical aggregate state above the transition temperature is arreste... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The concept of microstructure is observable in macrostructural features in commonplace objects. Galvanized steel, such as the casing of a lamp post or road divider, exhibits a non-uniformly colored patchwork of interlocking polygons of different shades of grey or silver. Each polygon is a single crystal of zinc adherin... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In order to terminate the integrated stress response, dephosphorylation of eIF2α is required. The protein phosphatase 1 complex (PP1) aids in the dephosphorylation of eIF2α. This complex contains a PP1 catalytic subunit as well as two regulatory subunits. This complex is negatively regulated by two proteins: growth arr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Kaminsky's discovery of well-defined, high activity homogeneous catalysts led to many innovations in the design of novel cyclopentadienyl ligands. These innovations include ansa-metallocenes, C-symmetric fluorenyl-Cp ligands, constrained geometry catalysts, Some Kaminsky-inspired catalysts use of chiral metallocenes th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Spin states relate to chemical and biochemical reaction mechanisms because bonds can be formed only between two electrons of opposite spin (Hund's rules). Sometimes when a bond is broken in a particular manner, for example, when struck by photons, each electron in the bond relocates to each respective molecule, and a r... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the early 1990s, technical personnel from the then Union Miniére worked with MIM Holdings personnel to develop an ISASMELT-based process to treat scrap materials and residues containing copper and lead. Union Miniére operated a smelter at Hoboken, near Antwerpen in Belgium, that specialised in recycling scrap non-fe... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The effect is named after the German physicist Johannes Stark, who discovered it in 1913. It was independently discovered in the same year by the Italian physicist Antonino Lo Surdo, and in Italy it is thus sometimes called the Stark–Lo Surdo effect. The discovery of this effect contributed importantly to the developme... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Synthetic analogues of the naturally occurring Fe–S clusters were first reported by Holm and coworkers. Treatment of iron salts with a mixture of thiolates and sulfide affords derivatives such as (EtN)FeS(SCHPh)]. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
L-amino-acid alpha-ligase - L-ornithine N5 monooxygenase - lambda - Lamprin - Laser capture microdissection - latarcin - leucine zipper - leukemia - leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase - library - licodione synthase - ligase - linear epitope - linkage - linker protein - linoleate diol synthase - lipofectin - lipopolysaccha... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The reaction steps are:
* hydrogenation of -glucose to -sorbitol, an organic reaction with nickel as a catalyst under high temperature and high pressure.
* Microbial oxidation or fermentation of sorbitol to -sorbose with acetobacter at pH 4-6 and 30 °C.
* protection of the 4 hydroxyl groups in sorbose by formation of t... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 2011, Khalifa, Al-Omran, and Mohammed reported on a monitored study of a 2-ton capacity air conditioner unit while exchanging out a silica gel wheel and a wheel made of activated carbon to determine if it would reduce the relative humidity in a small room in Baghdad when compared to the unit without the Cromer cycle... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
; General
* Aitchison, Leslie. 1960. A History of Metals. London: Macdonald & Evans Ltd.
* Bayley, Justine; Butcher, Sarnia. 2004. Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection. London: The Society of Antiquaries of London.
* Craddock, Paul T. 1995. Early M... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The Hertz–Knudsen equation describes the non-dissociative adsorption of a gas molecule on a surface by expressing the variation of the number of molecules impacting on the surfaces per unit of time as a function of the pressure of the gas and other parameters which characterise both the gas phase molecule and the surfa... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
*Agnes Fay Morgan Research Award, Iota Sigma Pi, 2019
*Marshall University College of Science Distinguished Alumni Award, 2019
*Eli Lilly Young Investigator Award in Analytical Chemistry, 2018
*US HUPO Robert J. Cotter New Investigator Award, 2018
* NSF CAREER Award, 2015
* Arthur C. Neish Young Investigator Award, 201... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
TTFB (4,5,6,7-Tetrachloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole) is a halogenated benzimidazole derivative that acts as an uncoupling agent. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In simple terms, phosphorescence is a process in which energy absorbed by a substance is released relatively slowly in the form of light. This is in some cases the mechanism used for glow-in-the-dark materials which are "charged" by exposure to light. Unlike the relatively swift reactions in fluorescence, such as those... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In biochemistry and metabolism, beta oxidation (also β-oxidation) is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, generating NADH and FADH, which are electron carri... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The removal of the inhibitory RuBP, CA1P, and the other inhibitory substrate analogs by activase requires the consumption of ATP. This reaction is inhibited by the presence of ADP, and, thus, activase activity depends on the ratio of these compounds in the chloroplast stroma. Furthermore, in most plants, the sensitivit... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Brigitte Zanda (born July 29, 1958) is a French meteoriticist, astrophysicist, and cosmochemist. She is an associate professor at the National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) in Paris, affiliated with the Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie.
As a teacher-researcher, she specializes in ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
In ionic bonding, the atoms are bound by attraction of oppositely charged ions, whereas, in covalent bonding, atoms are bound by sharing electrons to attain stable electron configurations. In covalent bonding, the molecular geometry around each atom is determined by valence shell electron pair repulsion VSEPR rules, wh... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Dithiocarbamates are readily S-alkylated. Thus, methyl dimethyldithiocarbamate can be prepared by methylation of the dithiocarbamate:
:(CH)NCSNa + (CHO)SO → (CH)NC(S)SCH + Na[CHOSO]
Oxidation of dithiocarbamates gives the thiuram disulfide:
:2 RNCS → [RNC(S)S] + 2e
Thiuram disulfides react with Grignard re... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite-2 was launched from Tanegashima Space Center by a H-IIA rocket on October 29, 2018. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Cefalexin is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with oral administration. Absorption is slightly reduced when it is taken with food and the medication can be taken without regard for meals. Peak levels of cefalexin occur about 1 hour after administration. Maximal levels of cefalexin ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The energy of the bulk component of a solid substrate is determined by the types of interactions that hold the substrate together. High-energy substrates are held together by bonds, while low-energy substrates are held together by forces. Covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds are much stronger than forces such as van der... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Antibodies can also be used to purify their target compounds from mixtures, using the method of immunoprecipitation. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Le Bail analysis is a whole diffraction pattern profile fitting technique used to characterize the properties of crystalline materials, such as structure. It was invented by Armel Le Bail around 1988. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Photosensitizers are light absorbers that alter the course of a photochemical reaction. They usually are catalysts. They can function by many mechanisms, sometimes they donate an electron to the substrate, sometimes they abstract a hydrogen atom from the substrate. At the end of this process, the photosensitizer retu... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Globo-Hs TACA character allows for its utilization as an anticancer vaccine, inducing antibody response against the epitope. The resulting humoral immunity could enable the selective eradication of Globo H-presenting tumors. The Taiwanese biopharma company OBI Pharma, Inc., was first to develop Adagloxad Simolenin (OBI... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bryostatin 1 is a potent modulator of protein kinase C (PKC).
It showed activity in laboratory tests in cells and model animals, so it was brought into clinical trials. As of 2014 over thirty clinical trials had been conducted, using bryostatin alone and in combination with other agents, in both solid tumors and blood... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A colorimeter is a device used to test the concentration of a solution by measuring its absorbance of a specific wavelength of light. To use this device, different solutions must be made, and a control (usually a mixture of distilled water and another solution) is first filled into a cuvette and placed inside a colorim... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
* 1.F.1 The Synaptosomal Vesicle Fusion Pore (SVF-Pore) Family
* 1.F.2 The Octameric Exocyst (Exocyst) Family | 1 | Biochemistry |
Enhancer-FACS-seq (eFS), developed by the Bulyk lab at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, is a highly parallel enhancer assay that aims for the identification of active, tissue-specific transcriptional enhancers, in the context of whole Drosophila melanogaster embryos. This technology replaces the... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The paper used for fuel filters is a crêped paper with controlled porosity, which is pleated and wound to cartridges. The raw material for filter paper used in fuel filters are made of a mixture of hardwood and softwood fibres. The basis weight of the paper is 50–80 g/m. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The area of temporary hypoxic bottom water that occurs most summers off the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico is the largest recurring hypoxic zone in the United States. It occurs only during the summer months of the year due to summer warming, regional circulation, wind mixing and high freshwater discharge. Th... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Neothiobinupharidine is a dimeric thiaspirane alkaloid isolated from the dwarf water lily Nuphar pumila. It exhibits weak immunosuppressive and cytotoxic bioactivity in cell line experiments. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
During the last two decades, eco-evolutionary studies have investigated the relevance of life-history traits and environmental conditions on telomeres of wildlife. Most of these studies have been conducted in endotherms, i.e. birds and mammals. They have provided evidence for the inheritance of telomere length; however... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* 1946 Harvard University: Instructor; 1948 Assistant Professor
* 1953 Columbia University: Associate Professor; 1955 Professor; 1967–1993 Eugene Higgins Professor; *1993 Professor Emeritus | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Monocarboranes are clusters with cages. The 12-vertex derivative is best studied, but several are known.
Typically they are prepared by the addition of one-carbon reagents to boron hydride clusters. One-carbon reagents include cyanide, isocyanides, and formaldehyde. For example, monocarbadodecaborate () is produced fr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Immunosequencing, sometimes referred to as repertoire sequencing or Rep-Seq, is a method for analyzing the genetic makeup of an individual's immune system. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In addition to this division, lithotrophs differ in the initial energy source which initiates ATP production:
* Chemolithotrophs use the above-mentioned inorganic compounds for aerobic or anaerobic respiration. The energy produced by the oxidation of these compounds is enough for ATP production. Some of the electrons d... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In molecular biology, a termination factor is a protein that mediates the termination of RNA transcription by recognizing a transcription terminator and causing the release of the newly made mRNA. This is part of the process that regulates the transcription of RNA to preserve gene expression integrity and are present i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Gene regulation by miRNA is widespread across many genomes – by some estimates more than 60% of human protein-coding genes are likely to be regulated by miRNA, though the quality of experimental evidence for miRNA-target interactions is often weak. Because processing by microprocessor is a major determinant of miRNA ab... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Recent advances in technology have allowed for the use of argon gas to drive ice formation using a principle known as the Joule-Thomson effect. This gives physicians excellent control of the ice and minimizes complications using ultra-thin 17 gauge cryoneedles. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Classically acyl cyanides are produced by the salt metathesis reaction of acyl chlorides with sodium cyanide:
Alternatively, they can be produced by dehydration of acyl aldoximes:
Acetyl cyanide is also prepared by hydrocyanation of ketene: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Reduction of the anode by the photosynthetic material can be achieved by a direct electron transfer, or via a soluble redox mediator. Redox mediators may be lipid-soluble (e.g. vitamin K2), allowing them to pass through cell membranes, and can either be added to the system or produced by the biological material. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The growth-differentiation balance hypothesis states that plant defenses are a result of a tradeoff between "growth-related processes" and "differentiation-related processes" in different environments. Differentiation-related processes are defined as "processes that enhance the structure or function of existing cells (... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Because the coiled shells of gastropods are asymmetric, they possess a quality called chirality–the "handedness" of an asymmetric structure.
Over 90% of gastropod species have shells in which the direction of the coil is dextral (right-handed). A small minority of species and genera have shells in which the coils are a... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The rate of sequencing or imaging is dependent on the mechanical movement speed of the magnetic beads, which is limited by drag force. Currently, it is possible to measure 10 hairpin open-close cycle per second. Additional complications include the existence of a secondary hairpin structure in the DNA of interest. ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Most self-healing hydrogels rely on electrostatic attraction to spontaneously create new bonds. The electrostatic attraction can be masked using protonation of the polar functional groups. When the pH is raised the polar functional groups become deprotonated, freeing the polar functional group to react.
Since the hydro... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
All monosaccharides are reducing sugars because they either have an aldehyde group (if they are aldoses) or can tautomerize in solution to form an aldehyde group (if they are ketoses). This includes common monosaccharides like galactose, glucose, glyceraldehyde, fructose, ribose, and xylose.
Many disaccharides, like ce... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The structure of the open channel structure was solved by two independent research teams in 2009 at low pH values of 4-4.6 (GLIC being proton-gated). | 1 | Biochemistry |
As a strong base, lithium tert-butoxide is easily protonated.
Lithium tert-butoxide is used to prepare other tert-butoxide compounds such as copper(I) t-butoxide and hexa(tert-butoxy)dimolybdenum(III):
:2 MoCl(thf) + 6 LiOBu-t → Mo(OBu-t) + 6 LiCl + 6 thf | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The BOP clade (sometimes BEP clade) is one of two major lineages (or clades) of undefined taxonomic rank in the grasses (Poaceae), containing more than 5,400 species, about half of all grasses. Its sister group is the PACMAD clade; in contrast with many species of that group who have evolved C photosynthesis, the BOP g... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Bioplastics can be made from proteins from different sources. For example, wheat gluten and casein show promising properties as a raw material for different biodegradable polymers.
Additionally, soy protein is being considered as another source of bioplastic. Soy proteins have been used in plastic production for over o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Usually, a thin intermembrane space about 10–20 nanometers thick exists between the outer and inner chloroplast membranes.
Glaucophyte algal chloroplasts have a peptidoglycan layer between the chloroplast membranes. It corresponds to the peptidoglycan cell wall of their cyanobacterial ancestors, which is located betwee... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Jonas Asevicius-Acus-Acukas (July 29, 1885 in Jieznas – July 11, 1976 in Kaunas) was a Lithuanian army officer and chemist. From 1909 to 1918, he served in the Imperial Russian Army at Kaunas Fortress. He fought in the First World War and the Russian Civil War. In 1921 he returned to Lithuania and was mobilized into th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Organocerium reagents are used almost exclusively for addition reactions in the same vein as organolithium and Grignard reagents.They are highly nucleophilic, allowing additions to imines in the absence of additional Lewis acid catalysts, making them useful for substrates in which typical conditions fail.
Despite this ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
From left to right the peaks are due to Po, Pu, Po and Am. The fact that isotopes such as Pu and Am have more than one alpha line indicates that the (daughter) nucleus can be in different discrete energy levels.
Calibration:
MCA does not work on energy, it works on voltage. To relate the energy to voltage one must cal... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Section B on Thermodynamics, Equipment and Systems of the IIR focuses on the technological and scientific fundamentals of classical refrigeration, excluding cryogenic temperatures. The fundamentals are represented by its Commission B1 Thermodynamics and Transfer Processes whereas Commission B2 Refrigerating Equipment c... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In topochemical polymerization, little room is provided for the monomer to adjust their position. Thus, the reacting sites of the monomer should be pre-packed in a suitable manner. If [2+2] cycloaddition is involved in the polymerization, then the alignment of double bonds within the crystal should fulfill the aforemen... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
One group of ferredoxins, originally found in chloroplast membranes, has been termed "chloroplast-type" or "plant-type" (). Its active center is a [FeS] cluster, where the iron atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated both by inorganic sulfur atoms and by sulfurs of four conserved cysteine (Cys) residues.
In chloroplasts, F... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Chemokinesis is chemically prompted kinesis, a motile response of unicellular prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms to chemicals that cause the cell to make some kind of change in their migratory/swimming behaviour. Changes involve an increase or decrease of speed, alterations of amplitude or frequency of motile characte... | 1 | Biochemistry |
β-Catenin has been shown to interact with:
* APC,
* AXIN1,
* Androgen receptor,
* CBY1,
* CDH1,
* CDH2,
* CDH3,
* CDK5R1,
* CHUK,
* CTNND1,
* CTNNA1,
* EGFR,
* Emerin
* ESR1
* FHL2,
* GSK3B,
* HER2/neu,
* HNF4A,
* IKK2,
* LEF1 including transgenically,
* MAGI1,
* MUC1,
* NR5A1,
* PCAF,
* PHF17,
... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sulfamoyl fluorides can be made by treating secondary amines with sulfuryl fluoride (SOF) or sulfuryl chloride fluoride (SOClF). Cyclic secondary amines work as well, provided they are not aromatic.
Sulfamoyl fluorides can also be made from sulfamoyl chlorides, by reacting with a substance that can supply the fluoride ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In small amounts, lactic acid is good for the human body by providing energy and substrates while it moves through the cycle. In lactose intolerant people, the fermentation of lactose to lactic acid has been shown in small studies to help lactose intolerant people. The process of fermentation limits the amount of lacto... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Iodine and thyroxine have also been shown to stimulate the spectacular apoptosis of the cells of the larval gills, tail and fins during metamorphosis in amphibians, as well as the transformation of their nervous system from that of the aquatic, herbivorous tadpole into that of the terrestrial, carnivorous adult. The fr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Europium tetrakis (dibenzoylmethide)triethylammonium emits particularly bright red flashes upon the destruction of its crystals.
* Triphenylphosphinebis(pyridine)thiocyanatocopper(I) emits a reasonably strong blue light when crystals of it are fractured. This luminescence is not as extreme as the red luminescence; ho... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The Norman Hackerman Young Author Award was established in 1982 by The Electrochemical Society (ECS). The award is presented annually for the best paper published in the Journal of the Electrochemical Society for a topic in the field of electrochemical science and technology by a young author or authors. (This award in... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Complex molecules, in particular those containing carbon can be in the form of stereoisomers. With abiotic processes they would be expected to be equally likely, but in carbonaceous chondrites this is not the case. The reasons for this are unknown. | 9 | Geochemistry |
As of 2022, there have been five Nobel Prizes in Physics for superconductivity related subjects:
* Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1913), "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium".
* John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, and J. Robert Schrieffer (... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
PPR3, PRR5, PRR7, and PRR9 are all paralogs of each other. They have similar structure, and all repress the transcription of CCA1 and LHY. Additionally, they are all characterized by their lack of a phospho-accepting aspartate site. These genes are also paralogs to TOC1, which is alternatively called PRR1. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In mathematics, especially in geometry, a double lattice in is a discrete subgroup of the group of Euclidean motions that consists only of translations and point reflections and such that the subgroup of translations is a lattice. The orbit of any point under the action of a double lattice is a union of two Bravais la... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The Tsuji–Wilkinson decarbonylation reaction is a method for the decarbonylation of aldehydes and some acyl chlorides. The reaction name recognizes Jirō Tsuji, whose team first reported the use of Wilkinson's catalyst (RhCl(PPh)) for these reactions:
:RC(O)X + RhCl(PPh) → RX + RhCl(CO)(PPh) + PPh
Although decarbonylati... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The first step should always be an investigation to determine the cause of the deterioration. The general principles of repair include arresting and preventing further degradation; treating exposed steel reinforcement; and filling fissures or holes caused by cracking or left after the loss of spalled or damaged concret... | 8 | Metallurgy |
This term has become very popular and commonly used in practice. But the appropriate expression is "enantioselective chromatography". Chiral chromatography has advanced to turn into the most preferred technique for the determination of enantiomeric purity as well as separation of pure enantiomers both on analytical an... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The concept of human-equivalent energy (H-e) assists in understanding of energy flows in physical and biological systems by expressing energy units in human terms: it provides a “feel” for the use of a given amount of energy by expressing it in terms of the relative quantity of energy needed for human metabolism, assum... | 1 | Biochemistry |
TPV cells have been proposed as auxiliary power conversion devices for capture of otherwise lost heat in other power generation systems, such as steam turbine systems or solar cells. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Recent work demonstrates MTTF prediction using a machine learning model. The work uses a neural network-based supervised learning approach with current density, interconnect length, interconnect temperature as input features to the model. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Symmetries are of prime importance in physics and are closely related to the hypothesis that certain physical quantities are only relative and unobservable. Symmetries apply to the equations that govern the physical laws (e.g. to a Hamiltonian or Lagrangian) rather than the initial conditions, values or magnitudes of t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is an electrochromatography technique in which the liquid mobile phase is driven through a capillary containing the chromatographic stationary phase by electroosmosis. It is a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The capillaries is p... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The compound is prepared by treatment of solid tetra-n-butylammonium bromide with bromine vapor:
:[N(CH)]Br + Br → [N(CH)]Br
Instead of bromine, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide can also be reacted with vanadium pentoxide and aqueous hydrogen peroxide, or alternatively with ceric ammonium nitrate. This molecule is ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
There is varying impact on local corrosion noted from biofilms formed of diverse microbial communities. For instance, when isolating a sample of biofilm from a pipe within the first week of growth, the corrosion of the pipe accelerated, yet by the end of a month, the same biofilm began to act as a protective layer for ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In organic chemistry, spherical aromaticity is formally used to describe an unusually stable nature of some spherical compounds such as fullerenes and polyhedral boranes.
In 2000, Andreas Hirsch and coworkers in Erlangen, Germany, formulated a rule to determine when a fullerene would be aromatic. They found that if the... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Bacterial luciferin is two-component system consisting of flavin mononucleotide and a fatty aldehyde found in bioluminescent bacteria. | 1 | Biochemistry |
A number of chemical reactions have water as a product. If the reactions take place at temperatures higher than the dew point of the surrounding air the water will be formed as vapor and increase the local humidity, if below the dew point local condensation will occur. Typical reactions that result in water formation a... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Flow boiling is boiling at a flowing fluid. Compared with pool boiling, flow boiling heat transfer depends on many factors including flow pressure, mass flow rate, fluid type, upstream condition, wall materials, system geometry, and applied heat flux. Characterization of flow boiling requires comprehensive consideratio... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 2021, SLR14 was reported to prevent infection in the lower respiratory tract and severe disease in an interferon type I (IFN-I)–dependent manner in mice. Immunodeficient mice with chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection experienced near-sterilizing innate immunity with no help from the adaptive immune system. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Peptide computing is a form of computing which uses peptides, instead of traditional electronic components. The basis of this computational model is the affinity of antibodies towards peptide sequences. Similar to DNA computing, the parallel interactions of peptide sequences and antibodies have been used by this model ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The α-CH groups of alkyl sulfoxides are susceptible to deprotonation by strong bases, such as sodium hydride:
:CHS(O)CH + NaH → CHS(O)CHNa + H
In the Pummerer rearrangement, alkyl sulfoxides react with acetic anhydride to give migration of the oxygen from sulfur to the adjacent carbon as an acetate ester. The f... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (rubisco) catalyzes the reaction between RuBP and carbon dioxide. The product is the highly unstable six-carbon intermediate known as 3-keto-2-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate, or 2'-carboxy-3-keto-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate (CKABP). This six-carbon β-keto... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Uridine diphosphate, abbreviated UDP, is a nucleotide diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil.
UDP is an important factor in glycogenesis. Before glucose can be stored as glycogen in the ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In order to reduce humidity levels and spoiling due to bacterial growth, refrigeration is used for meat, produce, and dairy processing in farming today. Refrigeration systems are used the heaviest in the warmer months for farming produce, which must be cooled as soon as possible in order to meet quality standards and i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
AGEs are biochemicals formed continuously under normal circumstances, but more rapidly under a variety of stresses, especially oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. They serve as markers of stress and act as toxins themselves. Pentosidine is typical of the class, except that it fluoresces, which allows it to be seen an... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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